151
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Zhang W, Qu J, Liu GH, Belmonte JCI. The ageing epigenome and its rejuvenation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:137-150. [PMID: 32020082 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by the functional decline of tissues and organs and the increased risk of ageing-associated disorders. Several 'rejuvenating' interventions have been proposed to delay ageing and the onset of age-associated decline and disease to extend healthspan and lifespan. These interventions include metabolic manipulation, partial reprogramming, heterochronic parabiosis, pharmaceutical administration and senescent cell ablation. As the ageing process is associated with altered epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling, and non-coding RNAs, the manipulation of these mechanisms is central to the effectiveness of age-delaying interventions. This Review discusses the epigenetic changes that occur during ageing and the rapidly increasing knowledge of how these epigenetic mechanisms have an effect on healthspan and lifespan extension, and outlines questions to guide future research on interventions to rejuvenate the epigenome and delay ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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152
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Petr MA, Tulika T, Carmona-Marin LM, Scheibye-Knudsen M. Protecting the Aging Genome. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:117-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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153
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Edatt L, Poyyakkara A, Raji GR, Ramachandran V, Shankar SS, Kumar VBS. Role of Sirtuins in Tumor Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1516. [PMID: 32010617 PMCID: PMC6978795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, changes in the metabolic status of cells under conditions like hypoxia and accumulation of lactate can be sensed by various sensing mechanisms, leading to modulation of a number of signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. Several of the proangiogenic cytokines like VEGF, FGF, PDGF, TGF-β, Ang-2, ILs, etc. are secreted by cancer cells, under hypoxic microenvironment. These cytokines bind to their receptors on the endothelial cells and activates a number of signaling pathways including Akt/PIP3, Src, p38/MAPK, Smad2/3, etc., which ultimately results in the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Transcription factors that are activated in response to the metabolic status of tumors include HIFs, NF-κb, p53, El-2, and FOXO. Many of these transcription factors has been reported to be regulated by a class of histone deacetylase called sirtuins. Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent histone deacetylases that play pivotal role in the regulation of tumor cell metabolism, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. The major function of sirtuins include, deacetylation of histones as well as some non-histone proteins like NF-κB, FOXOs, PPAR⋎, PGC1-α, enzymes like acetyl coenzymeA and structural proteins like α tubulin. In the cell, sirtuins are generally considered as the redox sensors and their activities are dependent on the metabolic status of the cell. Understanding the intricate regulatory mechanisms adopted by sirtuins, is crucial in devising effective therapeutic strategies against angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor progression. Keeping this in mind, the present review focuses on the role of sirtuins in the process of tumor angiogenesis and the regulatory mechanisms employed by them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - V. B. Sameer Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
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154
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Chyau CC, Wang HF, Zhang WJ, Chen CC, Huang SH, Chang CC, Peng RY. Antrodan Alleviates High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Disease in C57BL/6 Mice Model via AMPK/Sirt1/SREBP-1c/PPARγ Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010360. [PMID: 31935815 PMCID: PMC6981486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and -steatohepatitis (NASH) imply a state of excessive fat built-up in livers with/or without inflammation and have led to serious medical concerns in recent years. Antrodan (Ant), a purified β-glucan from A. cinnamomea has been shown to exhibit tremendous bioactivity, including hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antiliver cancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering the already well-known alleviating bioactivity of A. cinnamomea for the alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), we propose that Ant can be beneficial to NAFLD, and that the AMPK/Sirt1/PPARγ/SREBP-1c pathways may be involved in such alleviations. To uncover this, we carried out this study with 60 male C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat high-fructose diet (HFD) for 60 days, in order to induce NAFLD/NASH. Mice were then grouped and treated (by oral administration) as: G1: control; G2: HFD (HFD control); G3: Ant, 40 mgkg (Ant control); G4: HFD+Orlistat (10 mg/kg) (as Orlistat control); G5: HFD+Ant L (20 mg/kg); and G6: HFD+Ant H (40 mg/kg) for 45 days. The results indicated Ant at 40 mg/kg effectively suppressed the plasma levels of malondialdehyde, total cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT, uric acid, glucose, and insulin; upregulated leptin, adiponectin, pAMPK, Sirt1, and down-regulated PPARγ and SREBP-1c. Conclusively, Ant effectively alleviates NAFLD via AMPK/Sirt1/CREBP-1c/PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan; (H.-F.W.); (W.-J.Z.)
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan; (H.-F.W.); (W.-J.Z.)
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Grape King Biotechnology Center, 60, Sec 3, Longgang Rd., Chung-Li City, Taoyuan County 320, Taiwan;
| | - Shiau-Huei Huang
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11301, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
| | - Robert Y. Peng
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Health, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.); (R.Y.P.); Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (C.-C.C.); Fax: +886-4-26525386 (C.-C.C.)
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155
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Signaling Network of Forkhead Family of Transcription Factors (FOXO) in Dietary Restriction. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010100. [PMID: 31906091 PMCID: PMC7016766 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), which is defined as a reduction of particular or total nutrient intake without causing malnutrition, has been proved to be a robust way to extend both lifespan and health-span in various species from yeast to mammal. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DR confers benefits on longevity were not yet fully elucidated. The forkhead box O transcription factors (FOXOs), identified as downstream regulators of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, control the expression of many genes regulating crucial biological processes such as metabolic homeostasis, redox balance, stress response and cell viability and proliferation. The activity of FOXOs is also mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, the FOXO-related pathways form a complex network critical for coordinating a response to environmental fluctuations in order to maintain cellular homeostasis and to support physiological aging. In this review, we will focus on the role of FOXOs in different DR interventions. As different DR regimens or calorie (energy) restriction mimetics (CRMs) can elicit both distinct and overlapped DR-related signaling pathways, the benefits of DR may be maximized by combining diverse forms of interventions. In addition, a better understanding of the precise role of FOXOs in different mechanistic aspects of DR response would provide clear cellular and molecular insights on DR-induced increase of lifespan and health-span.
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156
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Control of Inflammation by Calorie Restriction Mimetics: On the Crossroad of Autophagy and Mitochondria. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010082. [PMID: 31905682 PMCID: PMC7017321 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy are two of the most metabolically active cellular processes, playing a crucial role in regulating organism longevity. In fact, both mitochondrial dysfunction or autophagy decline compromise cellular homeostasis and induce inflammation. Calorie restriction (CR) is the oldest strategy known to promote healthspan, and a plethora of CR mimetics have been used to emulate its beneficial effects. Herein, we discuss how CR and CR mimetics, by modulating mitochondrial metabolism or autophagic flux, prevent inflammatory processes, protect the intestinal barrier function, and dampen both inflammaging and neuroinflammation. We outline the effects of some compounds classically known as modulators of autophagy and mitochondrial function, such as NAD+ precursors, metformin, spermidine, rapamycin, and resveratrol, on the control of the inflammatory cascade and how these anti-inflammatory properties could be involved in their ability to increase resilience to age-associated diseases.
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157
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Lee BR, Sanstrum BJ, Liu Y, Kwon SH. Distinct role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in inhibiting cargo-loading and release of extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20049. [PMID: 31882861 PMCID: PMC6934595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, vehicles for intercellular communication, are formed intracellularly within multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released upon fusion with the plasma membrane. For their biogenesis, proper cargo loading to exosomes and vesicle traffic for extracellular release are required. Previously we showed that the L-type lectin, LMAN2, limits trans-Golgi Network (TGN)-to-endosomes traffic of GPRC5B, an exosome cargo protein, for exosome release. Here, we identified that the protein deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) as a novel interactor of LMAN2. Loss of SIRT2 expression resulted in exosomal release of LMAN2, a Golgi resident protein, along with increased exosomal release of GPRC5B. Furthermore, knockout of SIRT2 increased total number of extracellular vesicles (EVs), indicating increased MVB-to-EV flux. While knockout of SIRT1 increased EV release with enlarged late endolysosome, knockout of SIRT2 did not exhibit endolysosome enlargement for increased EV release. Taken together, our study suggests that SIRT2 regulates cargo loading to MVBs and MVB-to-EV flux through a mechanism distinct from that of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Rho Lee
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bethany J Sanstrum
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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158
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Negative genetic correlation between longevity and its hormetic extension by dietary restriction in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2019; 21:191-201. [PMID: 31786681 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Longevity is a highly malleable trait which is influenced by many genetic and environmental factors including nutrition. Mild stress of dietary restriction (DR) is often beneficial by extending longevity in many organisms. Here, DR-induced effects on longevity were tested for genetic variation in a set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) in D. melanogaster. Genetic variability was significant in the longevity response following a DR-treatment across RIL, with detrimental effects in several RIL but beneficial effects in other RIL. One quantitative trait locus (QTL) was consistently significant in the middle of chromosome 2 for DR-induced changes in longevity, including hormesis (an increase in longevity by DR). Another QTL co-localized with a previously found QTL for starvation resistance in females. Several other QTL were also significant on most chromosomal arms. Longevity in controls was negatively correlated to DR effects across RIL for longevity in females, the sex showing higher DR-induced hormesis. This negative genetic correlation highlights the importance to further investigate the effects of genetic variation in the strength of DR-induced hormesis in longevity and its sex-specificity.
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159
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Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein deficiency attenuates sirtuin1 expression in an immortalised human renal proximal tubule cell line. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16550. [PMID: 31719572 PMCID: PMC6851135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximal tubule is a particularly important site for ageing-related kidney damage. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent deacetylase in the proximal tubule, may be involved in renal injury associated with ageing. However, the mechanisms of SIRT1 regulation remain to be elucidated. We recently reported that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP)-deficient mice displayed age-associated renal function decline and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Our data showed that SIRT1 protein expression was reduced in ATRAP-deficient mice, although the relationship between ATRAP deficiency and age-associated renal fibrosis is still not fully understood. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate how ATRAP affects SIRT1 protein expression to resolve ageing-associated kidney dysfunction. Here, since ageing studies are inherently lengthy, we used an ex vivo model of the proximal tubule to determine the role of ATRAP in SIRT1 protein expression. We first generated a clonal immortalised human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line (ciRPTEC) expressing AT1R and ATRAP. Using this cell line, we demonstrated that ATRAP knockdown reduced SIRT1 protein expression in the ciRPTEC but did not alter SIRT1 mRNA expression. Thus, ATRAP likely mediates SIRT1 protein abundance in ciRPTEC.
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160
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Hoshino S, Kobayashi M, Higami Y. Mechanisms of the anti-aging and prolongevity effects of caloric restriction: evidence from studies of genetically modified animals. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2243-2251. [PMID: 30222593 PMCID: PMC6188494 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan and suppresses various pathophysiological changes. CR suppresses growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor signaling and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activity, activates sirtuin and enhances mitochondrial redox regulation, but the exact mechanisms are still under debate. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of CR using evidence from studies of animals that were genetically modified according to recent advances in molecular and genetic technologies, from the viewpoint of the adaptive response hypothesis proposed by Holliday (1989). We then explain the beneficial actions of CR, classified according to whether they operate under feeding or fasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hoshino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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161
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Musa M, Perić M, Bou Dib P, Sobočanec S, Šarić A, Lovrić A, Rudan M, Nikolić A, Milosević I, Vlahoviček K, Raimundo N, Kriško A. Heat-induced longevity in budding yeast requires respiratory metabolism and glutathione recycling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2407-2427. [PMID: 30227387 PMCID: PMC6188503 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced hormesis is a well-known conserved phenomenon in aging, traditionally attributed to the benefits conferred by increased amounts of heat shock (HS) proteins. Here we find that the key event for the HS-induced lifespan extension in budding yeast is the switch from glycolysis to respiratory metabolism. The resulting increase in reactive oxygen species activates the antioxidant response, supported by the redirection of glucose from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the production of NADPH. This sequence of events culminates in replicative lifespan (RLS) extension, implying decreased mortality per generation that persists even after the HS has finished. We found that switching to respiratory metabolism, and particularly the consequent increase in glutathione levels, were essential for the observed RLS extension. These results draw the focus away solely from the HS response and demonstrate that the antioxidant response has a key role in heat-induced hormesis. Our findings underscore the importance of the changes in cellular metabolic activity for heat-induced longevity in budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Musa
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Matea Perić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Bou Dib
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Sobočanec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Šarić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Lovrić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Marina Rudan
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Andrea Nikolić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
| | - Ira Milosević
- European Neuroscience Institute, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Vlahoviček
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nuno Raimundo
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Kriško
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia
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162
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Dichotomous Sirtuins: Implications for Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:1021-1039. [PMID: 31704173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), a class of NAD+-dependent deacylases, are central regulators of metabolic homeostasis and stress responses. While numerous salutary effects associated with sirtuin activation, especially SIRT1, are well documented, other reports show health benefits resulting from sirtuin inhibition. Furthermore, conflicting findings have been obtained regarding the pathophysiological role of specific sirtuin isoforms, suggesting that sirtuins act as 'double-edged swords'. Here, we provide an integrated overview of the different findings on the role of mammalian sirtuins in neurodegenerative and cardiometabolic disorders and attempt to dissect the reasons behind these different effects. Finally, we discuss how addressing these obstacles may provide a better understanding of the complex sirtuin biology and improve the likelihood of identifying effective and selective drug targets for a variety of human disorders.
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163
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Abstract
The mammalian kidney relies on abundant mitochondria in the renal tubule to generate sufficient ATP to provide the energy required for constant reclamation of solutes from crude blood filtrate. The highly metabolically active cells of the renal tubule also pair their energetic needs to the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including energy generation, antioxidant responses, autophagy and mitochondrial quality control. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential not only for the harvesting of energy from substrates but also for an array of regulatory reactions that determine cellular health. In acute kidney injury (AKI), substantial decreases in the levels of NAD+ impair energy generation and, ultimately, the core kidney function of selective solute transport. Conversely, augmentation of NAD+ may protect the kidney tubule against diverse acute stressors. For example, NAD+ augmentation can ameliorate experimental AKI triggered by ischaemia–reperfusion, toxic injury and systemic inflammation. NAD+-dependent maintenance of renal tubular metabolic health may also attenuate long-term profibrotic responses that could lead to chronic kidney disease. Further understanding of the genetic, environmental and nutritional factors that influence NAD+ biosynthesis and renal resilience may lead to novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. Here, the authors discuss evidence for a role of NAD+ imbalance in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). They suggest that disruption of NAD+ metabolism may contribute to mechanistic links among AKI, CKD and ageing. NAD+ has critical roles in the generation of ATP from fuel substrates and as a substrate for important enzymes that regulate cellular health and stress responses. The renal tubule is highly metabolically active and requires a constant supply of ATP to provide the energy required to pump solutes across unfavourable gradients. Experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by various insults rapidly leads to a decrease in NAD+ levels that probably results from a combination of reduced NAD+ biosynthesis and increased NAD+ consumption. Renal NAD+ levels can be augmented using vitamin B3 analogues and related nutritional precursors. NAD+ augmentation can prevent and/or treat various aetiologies of experimental AKI and might also attenuate long-term profibrotic responses following AKI, suggesting a potential role in the treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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164
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Mukai Y, Kamei Y, Liu X, Jiang S, Sugimoto Y, Mat Nanyan NSB, Watanabe D, Takagi H. Proline metabolism regulates replicative lifespan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:482-490. [PMID: 31646149 PMCID: PMC6780008 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.10.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In many plants and microorganisms, intracellular proline has a protective role against various stresses, including heat-shock, oxidation and osmolarity. Environmental stresses induce cellular senescence in a variety of eukaryotes. Here we showed that intracellular proline regulates the replicative lifespan in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of the proline oxidase gene PUT1 and expression of the γ-glutamate kinase mutant gene PRO1-I150T that is less sensitive to feedback inhibition accumulated proline and extended the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. Inversely, disruption of the proline biosynthetic genes PRO1, PRO2, and CAR2 decreased stationary proline level and shortened the lifespan of yeast cells. Quadruple disruption of the proline transporter genes unexpectedly did not change intracellular proline levels and replicative lifespan. Overexpression of the stress-responsive transcription activator gene MSN2 reduced intracellular proline levels by inducing the expression of PUT1, resulting in a short lifespan. Thus, the intracellular proline levels at stationary phase was positively correlated with the replicative lifespan. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of amino acids in yeast mutants deficient in proline metabolism showed characteristic metabolic profiles coincident with longevity: acidic and basic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids positively contributed to the replicative lifespan. These results allude to proline metabolism having a physiological role in maintaining the lifespan of yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Mukai
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Yuka Kamei
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 1266 Tamura, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sugimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Noreen Suliani Binti Mat Nanyan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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165
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Cell organelles and yeast longevity: an intertwined regulation. Curr Genet 2019; 66:15-41. [PMID: 31535186 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organelles are dynamic structures of a eukaryotic cell that compartmentalize various essential functions and regulate optimum functioning. On the other hand, ageing is an inevitable phenomenon that leads to irreversible cellular damage and affects optimum functioning of cells. Recent research shows compelling evidence that connects organelle dysfunction to ageing-related diseases/disorders. Studies in several model systems including yeast have led to seminal contributions to the field of ageing in uncovering novel pathways, proteins and their functions, identification of pro- and anti-ageing factors and so on. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of findings that highlight the role of organelles in ageing and ageing-associated functions/pathways in yeast.
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166
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Identification and Application of Gene Expression Signatures Associated with Lifespan Extension. Cell Metab 2019; 30:573-593.e8. [PMID: 31353263 PMCID: PMC6907080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several pharmacological, dietary, and genetic interventions that increase mammalian lifespan are known, but general principles of lifespan extension remain unclear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of mice subjected to 8 longevity interventions. We discovered a feminizing effect associated with growth hormone regulation and diminution of sex-related differences. Expanding this analysis to 17 interventions with public data, we observed that many interventions induced similar gene expression changes. We identified hepatic gene signatures associated with lifespan extension across interventions, including upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and drug metabolism, and showed that perturbed pathways may be shared across tissues. We further applied the discovered longevity signatures to identify new lifespan-extending candidates, such as chronic hypoxia, KU-0063794, and ascorbyl-palmitate. Finally, we developed GENtervention, an app that visualizes associations between gene expression changes and longevity. Overall, this study describes general and specific transcriptomic programs of lifespan extension in mice and provides tools to discover new interventions.
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167
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Chakraborty S, Datta S, Ghosh S. Induction of autophagy under nitrosative stress: A complex regulatory interplay between SIRT1 and AMPK in MCF7 cells. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109411. [PMID: 31491460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Induction of nitrosative stress has been observed in various cancer types and in tumor environment. However, it is still unclear how cancer cells combat the effect of nitrosative stress. The main targets of nitrosative stress in cells are cellular lipids, proteins and DNA. Autophagy or self-cleaning generates energy for cell survival under stress conditions. In the present study we investigated the role of autophagy under nitrosative stress in MCF7, a breast cancer cell line. Interestingly, we observed induction of autophagy associated with cell death when MCF7 cells were treated with NO donor compound DETA-NONOate for eight hours. While investigating the mode of cell death under nitrosative stress in MCF7 cells, it was found that it was neither apoptotic nor necrotic. Moreover, nitrosative stress did not alter mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular redox status in MCF7 cells. But we observed an increase in NAD+/NADH and a drop in NADH level in MCF7 cells following NO donor treatment. Sirtuins having NAD+ dependent deacetylase activity, play an important role in cell survival mechanisms. So we further checked the status of SIRT1 under nitrosative stress in MCF7 cells. Surprisingly, we observed an induction of SIRT1, phospho-AMPK and p53 in MCF7 cells under nitrosative stress. Interestingly, autophagy markers were down regulated in MCF7 cells upon treatment with nicotinamide, an inhibitor of SIRT1 activity and dorsomorphin, a phospho-AMPK inhibitor when treated separately under nitrosative stress. To further confirm the role of SIRT1 in the induction of autophagy associated cell death, it was knocked down using si-RNA and nitrosative stress was applied. SIRT1 knock down led to increase in MCF7 cell viability along with down regulation of autophagic markers and phospho-AMPK as well as accumulation of acetylated p53. The increase in p53 controlled DRAM1 mRNA expression in MCF7 cells under nitrosative stress further confirmed a complex interplay between p53, SIRT1 and AMPK under nitrosative stress in MCF7 cells. Altogether our work for the first time suggests a complex inter-twined partnership between AMPK, SIRT1 and p53 in regulating autophagy in response to nitrosative stress in MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sampurna Datta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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168
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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169
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Sanchez JC, Ollodart A, Large CRL, Clough C, Alvino GM, Tsuchiya M, Crane M, Kwan EX, Kaeberlein M, Dunham MJ, Raghuraman MK, Brewer BJ. Phenotypic and Genotypic Consequences of CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Replication Origins in the rDNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2019; 213:229-249. [PMID: 31292210 PMCID: PMC6727806 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex structure and repetitive nature of eukaryotic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a challenge for genome assembly, thus the consequences of sequence variation in rDNA remain unexplored. However, renewed interest in the role that rDNA variation may play in diverse cellular functions, aside from ribosome production, highlights the need for a method that would permit genetic manipulation of the rDNA. Here, we describe a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based strategy to edit the rDNA locus in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, developed independently but similar to one developed by others. Using this approach, we modified the endogenous rDNA origin of replication in each repeat by deleting or replacing its consensus sequence. We characterized the transformants that have successfully modified their rDNA locus and propose a mechanism for how CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the rDNA occurs. In addition, we carried out extended growth and life span experiments to investigate the long-term consequences that altering the rDNA origin of replication have on cellular health. We find that long-term growth of the edited clones results in faster-growing suppressors that have acquired segmental aneusomy of the rDNA-containing region of chromosome XII or aneuploidy of chromosomes XII, II, or IV. Furthermore, we find that all edited isolates suffer a reduced life span, irrespective of their levels of extrachromosomal rDNA circles. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to quickly, efficiently, and homogeneously edit the rDNA origin via CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Sanchez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87544
| | - Anja Ollodart
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Christopher R L Large
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Courtnee Clough
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Gina M Alvino
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matthew Crane
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Elizabeth X Kwan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Maitreya J Dunham
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - M K Raghuraman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bonita J Brewer
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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170
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Krittika S, Yadav P. An overview of two decades of diet restriction studies using Drosophila. Biogerontology 2019; 20:723-740. [PMID: 31375967 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a potent forerunner in aging studies capable of influencing lifespan and improving health in various model organisms even in their old age. Despite the importance of protein and carbohydrates in the diet (regulation of fecundity and body maintenance respectively), different ratio based combinations of these components has played a major role in lifespan extension studies. In spite of differences existing in dietary protocols across laboratories, diet manipulations have evolved as a major area of research in Drosophila lifespan studies, prominently shedding light on the multi-faceted process over the last two decades. Here, we review various advances and technicalities involved in understanding the DR-mediated lifespan alongside discussing the pros and cons of various existing approaches/diets used across labs. The current review also focuses on the importance of life-stage specific DR implementation and their influence on the life-history traits including lifespan and fecundity, by taking examples of results from different studies comprising diet dilution, calorie restriction, protein restriction, carbohydrate: protein ratios and the modulations in various minor diet components. We thereby intend to gather the major advances made in these fields alongside reviewing the practical implementations that need to be made to get a better view of the DR-mediated lifespan studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Krittika
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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171
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Chadwick SR, Fazio EN, Etedali-Zadeh P, Genereaux J, Duennwald ML, Lajoie P. A functional unfolded protein response is required for chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 2019; 66:263-277. [PMID: 31346745 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Progressive impairment of proteostasis and accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins are associated with the cellular aging process. Here, we employed chronologically aged yeast cells to investigate how activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affects lifespan. We found that cells lacking a functional UPR display a significantly reduced chronological lifespan, which contrasts previous findings in models of replicative aging. We find exacerbated UPR activation in aged cells, indicating an increase in misfolded protein burden in the ER during the course of aging. We also observed that caloric restriction, which promotes longevity in various model organisms, extends lifespan of UPR-deficient strains. Similarly, aging in pH-buffered media extends lifespan, albeit independently of the UPR. Thus, our data support a role for caloric restriction and reduced acid stress in improving ER homeostasis during aging. Finally, we show that UPR-mediated upregulation of the ER chaperone Kar2 and functional ER-associated degradation (ERAD) are essential for proper aging. Our work documents the central role of secretory protein homeostasis in chronological aging in yeast and highlights that the requirement for a functional UPR can differ between post-mitotic and actively dividing eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elena N Fazio
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Parnian Etedali-Zadeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Julie Genereaux
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Patrick Lajoie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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172
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From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing. Nature 2019; 571:183-192. [PMID: 31292558 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, understanding ageing and the processes that limit lifespan have challenged biologists. Thirty years ago, the biology of ageing gained unprecedented scientific credibility through the identification of gene variants that extend the lifespan of multicellular model organisms. Here we summarize the milestones that mark this scientific triumph, discuss different ageing pathways and processes, and suggest that ageing research is entering a new era that has unique medical, commercial and societal implications. We argue that this era marks an inflection point, not only in ageing research but also for all biological research that affects the human healthspan.
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173
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Taormina G, Ferrante F, Vieni S, Grassi N, Russo A, Mirisola MG. Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070518. [PMID: 31324014 PMCID: PMC6678192 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of mammalian orthologues. Here, we review conserved aging mechanisms discovered in different model systems that are implicated in human longevity as well and that could be the target of anti-aging interventions in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Taormina
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nello Grassi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario G Mirisola
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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174
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Some naturally occurring compounds that increase longevity and stress resistance in model organisms of aging. Biogerontology 2019; 20:583-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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175
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Niedernhofer LJ, Gurkar AU, Wang Y, Vijg J, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Robbins PD. Nuclear Genomic Instability and Aging. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 87:295-322. [PMID: 29925262 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear genome decays as organisms age. Numerous studies demonstrate that the burden of several classes of DNA lesions is greater in older mammals than in young mammals. More challenging is proving this is a cause rather than a consequence of aging. The DNA damage theory of aging, which argues that genomic instability plays a causal role in aging, has recently gained momentum. Support for this theory stems partly from progeroid syndromes in which inherited defects in DNA repair increase the burden of DNA damage leading to accelerated aging of one or more organs. Additionally, growing evidence shows that DNA damage accrual triggers cellular senescence and metabolic changes that promote a decline in tissue function and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases. Here, we examine multiple lines of evidence correlating nuclear DNA damage with aging. We then consider how, mechanistically, nuclear genotoxic stress could promote aging. We conclude that the evidence, in toto, supports a role for DNA damage as a nidus of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA;
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA; .,Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Michael F. Price Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA;
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176
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Dolz‐Edo L, van der Deen M, Brul S, Smits GJ. Caloric restriction controls stationary phase survival through Protein Kinase A (PKA) and cytosolic pH. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12921. [PMID: 30790427 PMCID: PMC6516148 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction is the only physiological intervention that extends lifespan throughout all kingdoms of life. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cytosolic pH (pHc) controls growth and responds to nutrient availability, decreasing upon glucose depletion. We investigated the interactions between glucose availability, pHc and the central nutrient signalling cAMP‐Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway. Glucose abundance during the growth phase enhanced acidification upon glucose depletion, via modulation of PKA activity. This actively controlled reduction in starvation pHc correlated with reduced stationary phase survival. Whereas changes in PKA activity affected both acidification and survival, targeted manipulation of starvation pHc showed that cytosolic acidification was downstream of PKA and the causal agent of the reduced chronological lifespan. Thus, caloric restriction controls stationary phase survival through PKA and cytosolic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dolz‐Edo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Margaretha van der Deen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Stanley Brul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gertien Jacoba Smits
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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177
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Chen H, Lin R, Zhang Z, Wei Q, Zhong Z, Huang J, Xu Y. Sirtuin 1 knockdown inhibits glioma cell proliferation and potentiates temozolomide toxicity via facilitation of reactive oxygen species generation. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:5343-5350. [PMID: 31186751 PMCID: PMC6507466 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is one of the most common types of primary malignancies in the human central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the most commonly used drug in clinical therapy of glioma; however, chemoresistance makes glioma difficult to cure and relapse likely. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) serves important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism, but the role of SIRT1 in human glioma remains largely unexplored. In the present study, SIRT1 expression was assessed in human glioma tissues and cells. RNA interference and SIRT1 inhibitor were used to determine the effect of SIRT1 on glioma growth inhibition and glioma cell chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in glioma cells were detected with the dihydroethidium probe following SIRT1 inhibition. The results demonstrated that SIRT1 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cells, and patients with higher SIRT1 expression exhibited poorer prognosis. SIRT1 inhibition inhibited the proliferation of U87 and U251 cells. In addition, SIRT1 knockdown and SIRT1 inhibitor could significantly sensitize glioma cells to TMZ treatment in vitro and in vivo. The expression of Ki67 and p53 was demonstrated to be regulated by SIRT1. Finally, SIRT1 could regulate intracellular ROS generation in TMZ. In summary, SIRT1 was essential for glioma tumorigenesis and glioma cell chemoresistance. SIRT1 inhibition increased the sensitivity of glioma cells for TMZ via the facilitation of intracellular ROS generation, which suggested that SIRT1 may serve as a target for clinical therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Quantang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Jiehao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Yimin Xu, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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178
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Alam I, Ali F, Zeb F, Almajwal A, Fatima S, Wu X. Relationship of nutrigenomics and aging: Involvement of DNA methylation. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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179
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Ha E, Kang JY, Park KS, Seo YK, Ha TK. Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Surgery Stimulates the Expressions of Hepatic Sirtuin1 and 3 and Hypothalamic Sirtuin1. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 27:248-253. [PMID: 31089570 PMCID: PMC6513307 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuins mediate metabolic responses to nutrient availability and slow aging and accompanying decline in health. This study was designed to assess the expressions of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin3 (SIRT3) in the liver and hypothalamus after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery in rats. Methods A total of 38 rats were randomly assigned to either sham group (n=8) or DJB group (n=30). DJB group was again divided into three groups according to the elapsed time after surgery (10 weeks, DJB10; 16 week, DJB16; 28 week, DJB28). The mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the liver and hypothalamus were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. NAD+/NADH ratio was also measured. Results We found increased mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the liver of DJB16 and DJB28 groups compared with those of sham group. The mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT3 in the liver of DJB group increased proportionally to the elapsed time after DJB surgery. The mRNA expression levels of SIRT1 in the hypothalamus increased in DJB16 and DJB28 groups and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the hypothalamus increased in DJB10, DBJ16, and DJB28 groups compared with sham group. We observed that mRNA and protein levels of SIRT3 in the hypothalamus of DJB group were not changed. Conclusion This study proves that DJB increases SIRT1 and SIRT3 expressions in the liver and SIRT1 expression in the hypothalamus. These results suggest the possibility of sirtuins being involved in bypass surgery-induced metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Yeon Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Seo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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180
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Abstract
Sirtuin is an essential factor that delays cellular senescence and extends the organismal lifespan through the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Suppression of cellular senescence by Sirtuin is mainly mediated through delaying the age-related telomere attrition, sustaining genome integrity and promotion of DNA damage repair. In addition, Sirtuin modulates the organismal lifespan by interacting with several lifespan regulating signaling pathways including insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase, and forkhead box O. Although still controversial, it is suggested that the prolongevity effect of Sirtuin is dependent with the level of and with the tissue expression of Sirtuin. Since Sirtuin is also believed to mediate the prolongevity effect of calorie restriction, activators of Sirtuin have attracted the attention of researchers to develop therapeutics for age-related diseases. Resveratrol, a phytochemical rich in the skin of red grapes and wine, has been actively investigated to activate Sirtuin activity with consequent beneficial effects on aging. This article reviews the evidences and controversies regarding the roles of Sirtuin on cellular senescence and lifespan extension, and summarizes the activators of Sirtuin including Sirtuin-activating compounds and compounds that increase the cellular level of nicotinamide dinucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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181
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Wang Z, Yang X, Liu C, Li X, Zhang B, Wang B, Zhang Y, Song C, Zhang T, Liu M, Liu B, Ren M, Jiang H, Zou J, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhu WG, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Gu W, Luo J. Acetylation of PHF5A Modulates Stress Responses and Colorectal Carcinogenesis through Alternative Splicing-Mediated Upregulation of KDM3A. Mol Cell 2019; 74:1250-1263.e6. [PMID: 31054974 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternative pre-mRNA-splicing-induced post-transcriptional gene expression regulation is one of the pathways for tumors maintaining proliferation rates accompanying the malignant phenotype under stress. Here, we uncover a list of hyperacetylated proteins in the context of acutely reduced Acetyl-CoA levels under nutrient starvation. PHF5A, a component of U2 snRNPs, can be acetylated at lysine 29 in response to multiple cellular stresses, which is dependent on p300. PHF5A acetylation strengthens the interaction among U2 snRNPs and affects global pre-mRNA splicing pattern and extensive gene expression. PHF5A hyperacetylation-induced alternative splicing stabilizes KDM3A mRNA and promotes its protein expression. Pathologically, PHF5A K29 hyperacetylation and KDM3A upregulation axis are correlated with poor prognosis of colon cancer. Our findings uncover a mechanism of an anti-stress pathway through which acetylation on PHF5A promotes the cancer cells' capacity for stress resistance and consequently contributes to colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Buyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Boya Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongpeng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Junhua Zou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Jingjie PTM Biolab (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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182
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Bellin AR, Zhang Y, Thai K, Rosenblum ND, Cullen‐McEwen LA, Bertram JF, Gilbert RE. Impaired SIRT1 activity leads to diminution in glomerular endowment without accelerating age-associated GFR decline. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14044. [PMID: 31087539 PMCID: PMC6513772 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines with age such that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease is much higher in the elderly. SIRT1 is the leading member of the sirtuin family of NAD+ -dependent lysine deacetylases that mediate the health span extending properties of caloric restriction. Since reduction in energy intake has also been shown to decrease age-related kidney disease in rodents, we hypothesized that a diminution in SIRT1 activity would accelerate the GFR decline and structural injury with age. To test this hypothesis, we compared changes in the kidney structure and function in control mice and mice that carry a point mutation at a conserved histidine (H355Y) of SIRT1 that renders the enzyme catalytically inactive. Taking advantage of this mouse model along with the disector/fractionator technique for glomerular counting and direct measurements of GFR by inulin clearance, we assessed the impact of SIRT1 inactivity on kidney aging. At 14 months of age, SIRT1 catalytically inactive (Sirt1Y/Y ) mice had lower GFRs and fewer glomeruli than their wild-type (Sirt1+/+ ) counterparts. This was not, however, due to either accelerated GFR decline or increased glomerulosclerosis and loss, but rather to reduced glomerular endowment in Sirt1Y/Y mice. Moreover, the compensatory glomerular hypertrophy and elevated single nephron GFR that customarily accompany reduction in nephron number were absent in Sirt1Y/Y mice. These findings suggest a role for SIRT1 not only in determining nephron endowment but also in orchestrating the response to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Bellin
- Keenan Research CentreLi Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Keenan Research CentreLi Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research CentreLi Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Luise A. Cullen‐McEwen
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - John F. Bertram
- Development and Stem Cells ProgramMonash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard E. Gilbert
- Keenan Research CentreLi Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
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183
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Biradar SP, Tamboli AS, Khandare RV, Pawar PK. Chebulinic acid and Boeravinone B act as anti-aging and anti-apoptosis phyto-molecules during oxidative stress. Mitochondrion 2019; 46:236-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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184
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Glover Z, Hodges MD, Dravecz N, Cameron J, Askwith H, Shirras A, Broughton SJ. Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related (ACER) peptidase disrupts behavioural and metabolic responses to diet in Drosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.194332. [PMID: 30940674 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila Acer (Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related) encodes a member of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) family of metallopeptidases that in mammals play roles in the endocrine regulation of blood homeostasis. ACE is also expressed in adipose tissue, where it is thought to play a role in metabolic regulation. Drosophila ACER is expressed in the adult fat body of the head and abdomen and is secreted into the haemolymph. Acer null mutants have previously been found to have reduced night-time sleep and greater sleep fragmentation. ACER may thus be part of a signalling system linking metabolism with sleep. To further understand the role of ACER in response to diet, we measured sleep and other nutrient-responsive phenotypes in Acer null flies under different dietary conditions. We show that loss of Acer disrupts the normal response of sleep to changes in nutrition. Other nutrient-sensitive phenotypes, including survival and glycogen storage, were also altered in the Acer mutant but lipid storage was not. Although the physiological substrate of the ACER peptidase has not been identified, an alteration of the normal nutrient-dependent control of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 5 protein in the Acer mutant suggests insulin/IGF-like signalling as a candidate pathway modulated by ACER in the nutrient-dependent control of sleep, survival and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Glover
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Matthew D Hodges
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Nikolett Dravecz
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jack Cameron
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Helen Askwith
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Alan Shirras
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Susan J Broughton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
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185
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The Impact of Caloric Restriction on the Epigenetic Signatures of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082022. [PMID: 31022953 PMCID: PMC6515465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by an extensive remodeling of epigenetic patterns, which has been implicated in the physiopathology of age-related diseases. Nutrition plays a significant role in modulating the epigenome, and a growing amount of data indicate that dietary changes can modify the epigenetic marks associated with aging. In this review, we will assess the current advances in the relationship between caloric restriction, a proven anti-aging intervention, and epigenetic signatures of aging. We will specifically discuss the impact of caloric restriction on epigenetic regulation and how some of the favorable effects of caloric restriction on lifespan and healthspan could be mediated by epigenetic modifications.
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186
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Latifkar A, Ling L, Hingorani A, Johansen E, Clement A, Zhang X, Hartman J, Fischbach C, Lin H, Cerione RA, Antonyak MA. Loss of Sirtuin 1 Alters the Secretome of Breast Cancer Cells by Impairing Lysosomal Integrity. Dev Cell 2019; 49:393-408.e7. [PMID: 30982660 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is down-regulated in triple-negative breast cancer. To determine the mechanistic basis by which reduced SIRT1 expression influences processes related to certain aggressive cancers, we examined the consequences of depleting breast cancer cells of SIRT1. We discovered that reducing SIRT1 levels decreased the expression of one particular subunit of the vacuolar-type H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), which is responsible for proper lysosomal acidification and protein degradation. This impairment in lysosomal function caused a reduction in the number of multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) targeted for lysosomal degradation and resulted in larger MVBs prior to their fusing with the plasma membrane to release their contents. Collectively, these findings help explain how reduced SIRT1 expression, by disrupting lysosomal function and generating a secretome comprising exosomes with unique cargo and soluble hydrolases that degrade the extracellular matrix, can promote processes that increase breast-cancer-cell survival and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Latifkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lu Ling
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amrit Hingorani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Eric Johansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amdiel Clement
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John Hartman
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Marc A Antonyak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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187
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Souza RS, Virginio F, Riback TIS, Suesdek L, Barufi JB, Genta FA. Microorganism-Based Larval Diets Affect Mosquito Development, Size and Nutritional Reserves in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Front Physiol 2019; 10:152. [PMID: 31024326 PMCID: PMC6465640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito larvae feed on organic detritus from the environment, particularly microorganisms comprising bacteria, protozoa, and algae as well as crustaceans, plant debris, and insect exuviae. Little attention has been paid to nutritional studies in Aedes aegypti larvae. Objectives We investigated the effects of yeast, bacteria and microalgae diets on larval development, pupation time, adult size, emergence, survivorship, lifespan, and wing morphology. Materials and Methods Microorganisms (or Tetramin® as control) were offered as the only source of food to recently hatched first instar larvae and their development was followed until the adult stage. Protein, carbohydrate, glycogen, and lipid were analyzed in single larvae to correlate energetic reserve accumulation by larva with the developmental rates and nutritional content observed. FITC-labeled microorganisms were offered to fourth instar larvae, and its ingestion was recorded by fluorescence microscopy and quantitation. Results and Discussion Immature stages developed in all diets, however, larvae fed with bacteria and microalgae showed a severe delay in development rates, pupation time, adult emergence and low survivorship. Adult males emerged earlier as expected and had longer survival than females. Diets with better nutritional quality resulted in adults with bigger wings. Asaia sp. and Escherichia coli resulted in better nutrition and developmental parameters and seemed to be the best bacterial candidates to future studies using symbiont-based control. The diet quality was measured and presented different protein and carbohydrate amounts. Bacteria had the lowest protein and carbohydrate rates, yeasts had the highest carbohydrate amount and microalgae showed the highest protein content. Larvae fed with microalgae seem not to be able to process and store these diets properly. Larvae were shown to be able to process yeast cells and store their energetic components efficiently. Conclusion Together, our results point that Ae. aegypti larvae show high plasticity to feed, being able to develop under different microorganism-based diets. The important role of Ae. aegypti in the spread of infectious diseases requires further biological studies in order to understand the vector physiology and thus to manage the larval natural breeding sites aiming a better mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Virginio
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bonomi Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fernando Ariel Genta, ;
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188
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Kosciuk T, Wang M, Hong JY, Lin H. Updates on the epigenetic roles of sirtuins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:18-29. [PMID: 30875552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzyme with NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase activities. They were initially discovered to regulate transcription and life span via histone deacetylase activities. Later studies expanded their activities to other proteins and acyl lysine modifications. Through deacylating various substrate proteins, they regulate many biological processes, including transcription, DNA repair and genome stability, metabolism, and signal transduction. Here, we review recent understandings of the epigenetic functions (broadly defined to include transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair) of mammalian sirtuins. Because of the important functions of sirtuins, their own regulation is of great interest and is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kosciuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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189
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Kumar Chaudhary M, Rizvi SI. Invertebrate and vertebrate models in aging research. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 163:114-121. [PMID: 30837761 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions that can delay age associated diseases and ensure a longer health-span is a major goal of aging research. Consequent to understanding that aging is a modifiable trait, a large number of studies are currently being undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the aging process. Research on human aging and longevity is difficult, due to longer time frame, ethical concerns and environmental variables. Most of the present day understanding about the aging process comes through studies conducted on model organisms. These provide suitable platforms for understanding underlying mechanism(s) which control aging and have led to major discoveries that emphasize the evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways as key players that respond to extra and intracellular signals. This is a review of various invertebrate and vertebrate models including yeast, Drosophila, C. elegans, rodents, naked mole rat, and birds, currently used in aging research with emphasis on how well they can mimic aging in higher animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, India
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190
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Shao D, Yao C, Kim MH, Fry J, Cohen RA, Costello CE, Matsui R, Seta F, McComb ME, Bachschmid MM. Improved mass spectrometry-based activity assay reveals oxidative and metabolic stress as sirtuin-1 regulators. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101150. [PMID: 30877853 PMCID: PMC6423473 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) catalyzes NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacetylation and is a critical regulator of energy and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and senescence. Activation of SirT1 mitigates metabolic perturbations associated with diabetes and obesity. Pharmacologic molecules, cellular redox, and nutritional states can regulate SirT1 activity. Technical barriers against measuring endogenous SirT1 activity have limited characterization of SirT1 in disease and its activation by small molecules. Herein, we developed a relative quantitative mass spectrometry-based technique for measuring endogenous SirT1 activity (RAMSSAY/RelAtive Mass Spectrometry Sirt1 Activity assaY) in cell and tissue homogenates using a biotin-labeled, acetylated p53-derived peptide as a substrate. We demonstrate that oxidative and metabolic stress diminish SirT1 activity in the hepatic cell line HepG2. Moreover, pharmacologic molecules including nicotinamide and EX-527 attenuate SirT1 activity; purported activators of SirT1, the polyphenol S17834, the polyphenol resveratrol, or the non-polyphenolic Sirtris compound SRT1720, failed to activate endogenous SirT1 significantly. Furthermore, we provide evidence that feeding a high fat high sucrose diet (HFHS) to mice inhibits endogenous SirT1 activity in mouse liver. In summary, we introduce a robust, specific and sensitive mass spectrometry-based assay for detecting and quantifying endogenous SirT1 activity using a biotin-labeled peptide in cell and tissue lysates. With this assay, we determine how pharmacologic molecules and metabolic and oxidative stress regulate endogenous SirT1 activity. The assay may also be adapted for other sirtuin isoforms. Fast, sensitive, and specific MALDI-TOF based sirtuin-1 activity assay applicable to cell and tissue lysates. Oxidative and metabolic stress inhibit Sirtuin-1 deacetylase activity. Purported activators of SirT1failed to significantly activate endogenous SirT1. The activity assay is adaptable to other sirtuin isoforms using specific synthetic peptides and assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shao
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunxiang Yao
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maya H Kim
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Fry
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark E McComb
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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191
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Maslanka R, Zadrag-Tecza R. Less is more or more is less: Implications of glucose metabolism in the regulation of the reproductive potential and total lifespan of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17622-17638. [PMID: 30805924 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are dietary nutrients that have an influence on cells physiology, cell reproductive capacity and, consequently, the lifespan of organisms. They are used in cellular processes after conversion to glucose, which is the primary source of energy and carbon skeleton for biosynthetic processes. Studies of the influence of glucose on cellular parameters and lifespan of organisms are primarily concerned with the effect of low glucose concentration defined as calorie restriction conditions. However, the effect of high glucose concentration on cell physiology is also very important. Thus, a comparative analysis of the effects of low and high glucose concentration conditions on cell efficiency was proposed with regard to reproductive capacity and total lifespan of the cell. Glucose concentration determines the type of metabolism and biosynthetic capabilities, which in turn, through the regulation on the cell size, may affect the reproductive capacity of cells. This study was conducted on yeast cells of wild-type and mutant strains Δgpa2 and Δgpr1 with glucose signalling pathway impairment. Such an experimental model enabled testing both the role of glucose concentration in the regulation of metabolic changes and the extent to which these changes depend on the extracellular or intracellular glucose concentrations. It has been shown here that calorie/glucose excess connected with changes in cell metabolic fluxes increases biosynthetic capabilities of yeast cells. This leads to an increase in cell dry weight accompanied by the increase in cell size and a simultaneous decrease in the reproductive potential and the overall length of cell life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Renata Zadrag-Tecza
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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192
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Li Y, Chen X, Cui Y, Wei Q, Chen S, Wang X. Effects of SIRT1 silencing on viability, invasion and metastasis of human glioma cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3701-3708. [PMID: 30930981 PMCID: PMC6425349 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family, is involved in the development of various types of tumor. Previous studies have revealed that SIRT1 has dual functions, as a promoter and an inhibitor, in certain tumors. However, the role of SIRT1 in invasion and metastasis of glioma cells and its associated signaling pathway remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of SIRT1 on these processes and on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human glioma and adjacent tissues, and in the human glioma cell lines U87 and U251. SIRT1 expression in tissues was investigated using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The U87 and U251 cell lines were divided into control and SIRT1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) groups. The Cell Counting Kit-8, cell invasion assays were used to evaluate the effects of SIRT1 silencing on cell viability, invasion and EMT. Results indicated that SIRT1 was highly expressed in glioma tissues compared with in adjacent brain tissues. In addition, SIRT1-siRNA significantly inhibited the viability and invasion of U87 and U251 cells. Furthermore, EMT analysis revealed that the expression levels of the mesenchymal markers fibronectin and vimentin were significantly lower in the SIRT1-siRNA group compared with in the control group. Conversely, expression levels of the epithelial markers epithelial cadherin and β-catenin were significantly higher in the SIRT1-siRNA group compared with in the control group. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that SIRT1 was positively associated with viability and invasion of U87 cells, potentially through EMT. These results suggested that SIRT1 may serve a crucial role in the proliferation and development of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qun Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China.,Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
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193
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Defining the impact of mutation accumulation on replicative lifespan in yeast using cancer-associated mutator phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3062-3071. [PMID: 30718408 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815966116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations accumulate within somatic cells and have been proposed to contribute to aging. It is unclear what level of mutation burden may be required to consistently reduce cellular lifespan. Human cancers driven by a mutator phenotype represent an intriguing model to test this hypothesis, since they carry the highest mutation burdens of any human cell. However, it remains technically challenging to measure the replicative lifespan of individual mammalian cells. Here, we modeled the consequences of cancer-related mutator phenotypes on lifespan using yeast defective for mismatch repair (MMR) and/or leading strand (Polε) or lagging strand (Polδ) DNA polymerase proofreading. Only haploid mutator cells with significant lifetime mutation accumulation (MA) exhibited shorter lifespans. Diploid strains, derived by mating haploids of various genotypes, carried variable numbers of fixed mutations and a range of mutator phenotypes. Some diploid strains with fewer than two mutations per megabase displayed a 25% decrease in lifespan, suggesting that moderate numbers of random heterozygous mutations can increase mortality rate. As mutation rates and burdens climbed, lifespan steadily eroded. Strong diploid mutator phenotypes produced a form of genetic anticipation with regard to aging, where the longer a lineage persisted, the shorter lived cells became. Using MA lines, we established a relationship between mutation burden and lifespan, as well as population doubling time. Our observations define a threshold of random mutation burden that consistently decreases cellular longevity in diploid yeast cells. Many human cancers carry comparable mutation burdens, suggesting that while cancers appear immortal, individual cancer cells may suffer diminished lifespan due to accrued mutation burden.
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194
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Tekin L, Edgunlu T, Celik SK. Lack of association between sirtuin gene variants and endometrial cancer. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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195
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Zhang N, Sauve AA. Regulatory Effects of NAD + Metabolic Pathways on Sirtuin Activity. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 154:71-104. [PMID: 29413178 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NAD+ acts as a crucial regulator of cell physiology and as an integral participant in cellular metabolism. By virtue of a variety of signaling activities this central metabolite can exert profound effects on organism health status. Thus, while it serves as a well-known metabolic cofactor functioning as a redox-active substrate, it can also function as a substrate for signaling enzymes, such as sirtuins, poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerases, mono (ADP-ribosyl) transferases, and CD38. Sirtuins function as NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases (deacylases) and catalyze the reaction of NAD+ with acyllysine groups to remove the acyl modification from substrate proteins. This deacetylation provides a regulatory function and integrates cellular NAD+ metabolism into a large spectrum of cellular processes and outcomes, such as cell metabolism, cell survival, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis, and even lifespan. Increased attention to how regulated and pharmacologic changes in NAD+ concentrations can impact sirtuin activities has motivated openings of new areas of research, including investigations of how NAD+ levels are regulated at the subcellular level, and searches for more potent NAD+ precursors typified by nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). This review describes current results and thinking of how NAD+ metabolic pathways regulate sirtuin activities and how regulated NAD+ levels can impact cell physiology. In addition, NAD+ precursors are discussed, with attention to how these might be harnessed to generate novel therapeutic options to treat the diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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196
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Yeast at the Forefront of Research on Ageing and Age-Related Diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 58:217-242. [PMID: 30911895 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13035-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a complex and multifactorial process driven by genetic, environmental and stochastic factors that lead to the progressive decline of biological systems. Mechanisms of ageing have been extensively investigated in various model organisms and systems generating fundamental advances. Notably, studies on yeast ageing models have made numerous and relevant contributions to the progress in the field. Different longevity factors and pathways identified in yeast have then been shown to regulate molecular ageing in invertebrate and mammalian models. Currently the best candidates for anti-ageing drugs such as spermidine and resveratrol or anti-ageing interventions such as caloric restriction were first identified and explored in yeast. Yeasts have also been instrumental as models to study the cellular and molecular effects of proteins associated with age-related diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's or Alzheimer's diseases. In this chapter, a review of the advances on ageing and age-related diseases research in yeast models will be made. Particular focus will be placed on key longevity factors, ageing hallmarks and interventions that slow ageing, both yeast-specific and those that seem to be conserved in multicellular organisms. Their impact on the pathogenesis of age-related diseases will be also discussed.
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197
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Atakan HB, Cornaglia M, Mouchiroud L, Auwerx J, Gijs MAM. Automated high-content phenotyping from the first larval stage till the onset of adulthood of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 19:120-135. [PMID: 30484462 PMCID: PMC6309680 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used as a model for human biology. However, in vivo culturing platforms for C. elegans allowing high-content phenotyping during their life cycle in an automated fashion are lacking so far. Here, a multiplexed microfluidic platform for the rapid high-content phenotyping of populations of C. elegans down to single animal resolution is presented. Nematodes are (i) reversibly and regularly confined during their life inside tapered channels for imaging fluorescence signal expression and to measure their growth parameters, and (ii) allowed to freely move in microfluidic chambers, during which the swimming behavior was video-recorded. The obtained data sets are analyzed in an automated way and 19 phenotypic parameters are extracted. Our platform is employed for studying the effect of bacteria dilution, a form of dietary restriction (DR) in nematodes, on a worm model of Huntington's disease and demonstrates the influence of DR on disease regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Baris Atakan
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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198
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Parikh SM. Increased synthesis of a coenzyme linked to longevity can combat disease. Nature 2018; 563:332-333. [PMID: 30425355 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-07088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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199
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Chen YC, Jiang PH, Chen HM, Chen CH, Wang YT, Chen YJ, Yu CJ, Teng SC. Glucose intake hampers PKA-regulated HSP90 chaperone activity. eLife 2018; 7:39925. [PMID: 30516470 PMCID: PMC6281317 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an intricate phenomenon associated with the gradual loss of physiological functions, and both nutrient sensing and proteostasis control lifespan. Although multiple approaches have facilitated the identification of candidate genes that govern longevity, the molecular mechanisms that link aging pathways are still elusive. Here, we conducted a quantitative mass spectrometry screen and identified all phosphorylation/dephosphorylation sites on yeast proteins that significantly responded to calorie restriction, a well-established approach to extend lifespan. Functional screening of 135 potential regulators uncovered that Ids2 is activated by PP2C under CR and inactivated by PKA under glucose intake. ids2Δ or ids2 phosphomimetic cells displayed heat sensitivity and lifespan shortening. Ids2 serves as a co-chaperone to form a complex with Hsc82 or the redundant Hsp82, and phosphorylation impedes its association with chaperone HSP90. Thus, PP2C and PKA may orchestrate glucose sensing and protein folding to enable cells to maintain protein quality for sustained longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Heng Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ming Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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200
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Lei B, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Thapa AJ, Li W, Cai W, Deng Y. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0076248 promotes oncogenesis of glioma by sponging miR-181a to modulate SIRT1 expression. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6698-6708. [PMID: 30506951 PMCID: PMC6587862 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common primary malignancies of the central nervous system, which has aggressive clinical behavior and a poorer prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as mediators of gene expression, which can be sponged by circRNA provided with a closed circular structure. Dysregulations of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and miRs have been implicated in the development and progression of glioma. In the current study, we investigated the role of circular RNA hsa_circ_0076248 in mediating the oncogenesis of glioma by sponging miR‐181a to modulate silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression in vitro and in vivo. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of miR‐181a was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with normal brain tissues and normal gliocyte, respectively, and the expression of hsa_circ_0076248 and SIRT1 demonstrated the opposite. Bioinformatics analysis identified hsa_circ_0076248 could sponge miR‐181a, and miR‐181a could target the mRNA of SIRT1. Our results verified that downregulating hsa_circ_0076248 or upregulating miR‐181a could depress the proliferation and invasion of glioma in vitro and in vivo. The experiment also showed that downregulating hsa_circ_0076248 or upregulating miR‐181a could remarkably promote the temozolomide chemotherapy sensitivity. Furthermore, Western blot analysis testified that downregulating hsa_circ_0076248 or upregulating miR‐181a could promote the expression of p53 and SIRT1. In summary, our study sheds light on the regulatory mechanism of hsa_circ_0076248 in glioma growth and invasion via sponging miR‐181a, which downregulates the SIRT1 expression and also suggests that hsa_circ_0076248, miR‐181a, and SIRT1 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ashish Jung Thapa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangqing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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