151
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Reis MS, Montagna T, Mattos AG, Filippon S, Ladio AH, Marques ADC, Zechini AA, Peroni N, Mantovani A. Domesticated Landscapes in Araucaria Forests, Southern Brazil: A Multispecies Local Conservation-by-Use System. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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152
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Mensing SA, Schoolman EM, Tunno I, Noble PJ, Sagnotti L, Florindo F, Piovesan G. Historical ecology reveals landscape transformation coincident with cultural development in central Italy since the Roman Period. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2138. [PMID: 29391430 PMCID: PMC5794987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the direct role humans have had in changing the landscape requires the perspective of historical and archaeological sources, as well as climatic and ecologic processes, when interpreting paleoecological records. People directly impact land at the local scale and land use decisions are strongly influenced by local sociopolitical priorities that change through time. A complete picture of the potential drivers of past environmental change must include a detailed and integrated analysis of evolving sociopolitical priorities, climatic change and ecological processes. However, there are surprisingly few localities that possess high-quality historical, archeological and high-resolution paleoecologic datasets. We present a high resolution 2700-year pollen record from central Italy and interpret it in relation to archival documents and archaeological data to reconstruct the relationship between changing sociopolitical conditions, and their effect on the landscape. We found that: (1) abrupt environmental change was more closely linked to sociopolitical and demographic transformation than climate change; (2) landscape changes reflected the new sociopolitical priorities and persisted until the sociopolitical conditions shifted; (3) reorganization of new plant communities was very rapid, on the order of decades not centuries; and (4) legacies of forest management adopted by earlier societies continue to influence ecosystem services today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Mensing
- Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA.
| | | | - Irene Tunno
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Paula J Noble
- Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | | | - Fabio Florindo
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- Dendrology Lab, DAFNE Universita degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
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153
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Levis C, Flores BM, Moreira PA, Luize BG, Alves RP, Franco-Moraes J, Lins J, Konings E, Peña-Claros M, Bongers F, Costa FRC, Clement CR. How People Domesticated Amazonian Forests. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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154
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Albuquerque UP, Gonçalves PHS, Ferreira Júnior WS, Chaves LS, Oliveira RCDS, Silva TLLD, Santos GCD, Araújo EDL. Humans as niche constructors: Revisiting the concept of chronic anthropogenic disturbances in ecology. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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155
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Palace MW, McMichael CNH, Braswell BH, Hagen SC, Bush MB, Neves E, Tamanaha E, Herrick C, Frolking S. Ancient Amazonian populations left lasting impacts on forest structure. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Palace
- Earth Systems Research Center; Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire 03834 USA
- Department of Earth Science; College of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire 03834 USA
| | - C. N. H. McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; 904 Science Park 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B. H. Braswell
- Earth Systems Research Center; Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire 03834 USA
- Applied GeoSolutions; 55 Main Street, Suite 125 Newmarket New Hampshire 03857 USA
| | - S. C. Hagen
- Applied GeoSolutions; 55 Main Street, Suite 125 Newmarket New Hampshire 03857 USA
| | - M. B. Bush
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida Institute of Technology; 150 W. University Boulevard Melbourne Florida 32901 USA
| | - E. Neves
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 1466 Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 05508-070 Brazil
| | - E. Tamanaha
- Laboratório de Arqueologia; Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá; Estrada do Bexiga, 2.584, Bairro Fonte Boa Tefé Amazonas 69553-225 Brazil
| | - C. Herrick
- Earth Systems Research Center; Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire 03834 USA
| | - S. Frolking
- Earth Systems Research Center; Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire 03834 USA
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156
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Garbin ML, Saiter FZ, Carrijo TT, Peixoto AL. Breve histórico e classificação da vegetação capixaba. RODRIGUÉSIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201768521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O estado do Espírito Santo apresenta grande variedade de ecossistemas num território relativamente pequeno. A exuberância de suas florestas vem despertando o interesse de muitos naturalistas e viajantes desde o século XIX, os quais deixaram registros valiosos dos primeiros anos da ocupação das "Areas Prohibidas" a leste de Minas Gerais. O cultivo do café, um dos alicerces econômicos do estado, deu início à perda dessas florestas. Tais perdas alavancaram o movimento conservacionista e a pesquisa científica no estado. A biogeografia, riqueza de espécies e de processos ecológicos nos fragmentos que restaram no Espírito Santo ainda revelam surpresas. Dentro do domínio da Floresta Atlântica, o estado abriga diferentes tipos de vegetação: Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Floresta Ombrófila Aberta, Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Savanas, Formações Pioneiras e Refúgios Ecológicos. A descrição e classificação da vegetação do Espírito Santo ainda está inacabada tendo em vista as incertezas levantadas por alguns estudos. Também não existe um mapa da vegetação que contemple adequadamente a diversificada vegetação. A despeito de tais limitações, apresentamos descrições sucintas sobre os tipos de vegetação que vêm sendo reconhecidos na literatura moderna.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Z. Saiter
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Brazil
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157
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Moreira PA, Aguirre-Dugua X, Mariac C, Zekraoui L, Couderc M, Rodrigues DP, Casas A, Clement CR, Vigouroux Y. Diversity of Treegourd (Crescentia cujete) Suggests Introduction and Prehistoric Dispersal Routes into Amazonia. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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158
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Rossetto M, Ens EJ, Honings T, Wilson PD, Yap JYS, Costello O, Round ER, Bowern C. From Songlines to genomes: Prehistoric assisted migration of a rain forest tree by Australian Aboriginal people. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186663. [PMID: 29117184 PMCID: PMC5695580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehistoric human activities have contributed to the dispersal of many culturally important plants. The study of these traditional interactions can alter the way we perceive the natural distribution and dynamics of species and communities. Comprehensive research on native crops combining evolutionary and anthropological data is revealing how ancient human populations influenced their distribution. Although traditional diets also included a suite of non-cultivated plants that in some cases necessitated the development of culturally important technical advances such as the treatment of toxic seed, empirical evidence for their deliberate dispersal by prehistoric peoples remains limited. Here we integrate historic and biocultural research involving Aboriginal people, with chloroplast and nuclear genomic data to demonstrate Aboriginal-mediated dispersal of a non-cultivated rainforest tree. RESULTS We assembled new anthropological evidence of use and deliberate dispersal of Castanospermum australe (Fabaceae), a non-cultivated culturally important riparian tree that produces toxic but highly nutritious water-dispersed seed. We validated cultural evidence of recent human-mediated dispersal by revealing genomic homogeneity across extensively dissected habitat, multiple catchments and uneven topography in the southern range of this species. We excluded the potential contribution of other dispersal mechanisms based on the absence of suitable vectors and current distributional patterns at higher elevations and away from water courses, and by analyzing a comparative sample from northern Australia. CONCLUSIONS Innovative studies integrating evolutionary and anthropological data will continue to reveal the unexpected impact that prehistoric people have had on current vegetation patterns. A better understanding of how traditional practices shaped species' distribution and assembly will directly inform cultural heritage management strategies, challenge "natural" species distribution assumptions, and provide innovative baseline data for pro-active biodiversity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Rossetto
- National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Emilie J. Ens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thijs Honings
- National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biological Sciences, Leiden University, Sylviusweg, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Wilson
- National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jia-Yee S. Yap
- National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oliver Costello
- Aboriginal Heritage and Joint Management Team, Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erich R. Round
- Ancient Language Lab, School of Languages and Cultures, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Claire Bowern
- Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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159
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Cruz-Garcia GS. Management and Motivations to Manage “Wild” Food Plants. A Case Study in a Mestizo Village in the Amazon Deforestation Frontier. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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160
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McMichael CH, Feeley KJ, Dick CW, Piperno DR, Bush MB. Comment on "Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition". Science 2017; 358:358/6361/eaan8347. [PMID: 29051349 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Levis et al (Research Articles, 3 March 2017, p. 925) concluded that pre-Columbian tree domestication has shaped present-day Amazonian forest composition. The study, however, downplays five centuries of human influence following European arrival to the Americas. We show that the effects of post-Columbian activities in Amazonia are likely to have played a larger role than pre-Columbian ones in shaping the observed floristic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Dolores R Piperno
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.,Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark B Bush
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
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161
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Junqueira AB, Levis C, Bongers F, Peña-Claros M, Clement CR, Costa F, Ter Steege H. Response to Comment on "Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition". Science 2017; 358:358/6361/eaan8837. [PMID: 29051350 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan8837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
McMichael et al state that we overlooked the effects of post-Columbian human activities in shaping current floristic patterns in Amazonian forests. We formally show that post-Columbian human influences on Amazonian forests are indeed important, but they have played a smaller role when compared to the persistent effects of pre-Columbian human activities on current forest composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Braga Junqueira
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460-320, Brazil. .,Centre for Conservation and Sustainability Science (CSRio), Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontificial Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil. .,Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands
| | - Charles Roland Clement
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Flávia Costa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden 2300 RA, Netherlands.,Systems Ecology, Free University, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
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162
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Moulatlet GM, Zuquim G, Figueiredo FOG, Lehtonen S, Emilio T, Ruokolainen K, Tuomisto H. Using digital soil maps to infer edaphic affinities of plant species in Amazonia: Problems and prospects. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8463-8477. [PMID: 29075463 PMCID: PMC5648677 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonia combines semi‐continental size with difficult access, so both current ranges of species and their ability to cope with environmental change have to be inferred from sparse field data. Although efficient techniques for modeling species distributions on the basis of a small number of species occurrences exist, their success depends on the availability of relevant environmental data layers. Soil data are important in this context, because soil properties have been found to determine plant occurrence patterns in Amazonian lowlands at all spatial scales. Here we evaluate the potential for this purpose of three digital soil maps that are freely available online: SOTERLAC, HWSD, and SoilGrids. We first tested how well they reflect local soil cation concentration as documented with 1,500 widely distributed soil samples. We found that measured soil cation concentration differed by up to two orders of magnitude between sites mapped into the same soil class. The best map‐based predictor of local soil cation concentration was obtained with a regression model combining soil classes from HWSD with cation exchange capacity (CEC) from SoilGrids. Next, we evaluated to what degree the known edaphic affinities of thirteen plant species (as documented with field data from 1,200 of the soil sample sites) can be inferred from the soil maps. The species segregated clearly along the soil cation concentration gradient in the field, but only partially along the model‐estimated cation concentration gradient, and hardly at all along the mapped CEC gradient. The main problems reducing the predictive ability of the soil maps were insufficient spatial resolution and/or georeferencing errors combined with thematic inaccuracy and absence of the most relevant edaphic variables. Addressing these problems would provide better models of the edaphic environment for ecological studies in Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Zuquim
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland.,Programa de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade - PP BioInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Manaus AM Brazil
| | | | - Samuli Lehtonen
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland.,Biodiversity Unit University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA Manaus AM Brazil.,Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Royal Botanic Gardens Richmond London UK
| | - Kalle Ruokolainen
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Geography and Geology University of Turku Turku Finland
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163
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Frolking S, Hagen S, Braswell B, Milliman T, Herrick C, Peterson S, Roberts D, Keller M, Palace M. Evaluating multiple causes of persistent low microwave backscatter from Amazon forests after the 2005 drought. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183308. [PMID: 28873422 PMCID: PMC5584941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonia has experienced large-scale regional droughts that affect forest productivity and biomass stocks. Space-borne remote sensing provides basin-wide data on impacts of meteorological anomalies, an important complement to relatively limited ground observations across the Amazon’s vast and remote humid tropical forests. Morning overpass QuikScat Ku-band microwave backscatter from the forest canopy was anomalously low during the 2005 drought, relative to the full instrument record of 1999–2009, and low morning backscatter persisted for 2006–2009, after which the instrument failed. The persistent low backscatter has been suggested to be indicative of increased forest vulnerability to future drought. To better ascribe the cause of the low post-drought backscatter, we analyzed multiyear, gridded remote sensing data sets of precipitation, land surface temperature, forest cover and forest cover loss, and microwave backscatter over the 2005 drought region in the southwestern Amazon Basin (4°-12°S, 66°-76°W) and in adjacent 8°x10° regions to the north and east. We found moderate to weak correlations with the spatial distribution of persistent low backscatter for variables related to three groups of forest impacts: the 2005 drought itself, loss of forest cover, and warmer and drier dry seasons in the post-drought vs. the pre-drought years. However, these variables explained only about one quarter of the variability in depressed backscatter across the southwestern drought region. Our findings indicate that drought impact is a complex phenomenon and that better understanding can only come from more extensive ground data and/or analysis of frequent, spatially-comprehensive, high-resolution data or imagery before and after droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephen Hagen
- Applied GeoSolutions, Newmarket, NH, United States of America
| | - Bobby Braswell
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
- Applied GeoSolutions, Newmarket, NH, United States of America
| | - Tom Milliman
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
| | - Christina Herrick
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
| | - Seth Peterson
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Dar Roberts
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Keller
- USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michael Palace
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States of America
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164
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Roberts P, Hunt C, Arroyo-Kalin M, Evans D, Boivin N. The deep human prehistory of global tropical forests and its relevance for modern conservation. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17093. [PMID: 28770831 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant human impacts on tropical forests have been considered the preserve of recent societies, linked to large-scale deforestation, extensive and intensive agriculture, resource mining, livestock grazing and urban settlement. Cumulative archaeological evidence now demonstrates, however, that Homo sapiens has actively manipulated tropical forest ecologies for at least 45,000 years. It is clear that these millennia of impacts need to be taken into account when studying and conserving tropical forest ecosystems today. Nevertheless, archaeology has so far provided only limited practical insight into contemporary human-tropical forest interactions. Here, we review significant archaeological evidence for the impacts of past hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists and urban settlements on global tropical forests. We compare the challenges faced, as well as the solutions adopted, by these groups with those confronting present-day societies, which also rely on tropical forests for a variety of ecosystem services. We emphasize archaeology's importance not only in promoting natural and cultural heritage in tropical forests, but also in taking an active role to inform modern conservation and policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roberts
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Chris Hunt
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | | | - Damian Evans
- École franaise d'Extrême-Orient, 75116 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany
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165
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Further evidence for localized, short-term anthropogenic forest alterations across pre-Columbian Amazonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4118-E4119. [PMID: 28507146 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705585114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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166
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Crane NL, Nelson P, Abelson A, Precoda K, Rulmal J, Bernardi G, Paddack M. Atoll-scale patterns in coral reef community structure: Human signatures on Ulithi Atoll, Micronesia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177083. [PMID: 28489903 PMCID: PMC5425048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic relationship between reefs and the people who utilize them at a subsistence level is poorly understood. This paper characterizes atoll-scale patterns in shallow coral reef habitat and fish community structure, and correlates these with environmental characteristics and anthropogenic factors, critical to conservation efforts for the reefs and the people who depend on them. Hierarchical clustering analyses by site for benthic composition and fish community resulted in the same 3 major clusters: cluster 1-oceanic (close proximity to deep water) and uninhabited (low human impact); cluster 2-oceanic and inhabited (high human impact); and cluster 3-lagoonal (facing the inside of the lagoon) and inhabited (highest human impact). Distance from village, reef exposure to deep water and human population size had the greatest effect in predicting the fish and benthic community structure. Our study demonstrates a strong association between benthic and fish community structure and human use across the Ulithi Atoll (Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia) and confirms a pattern observed by local people that an 'opportunistic' scleractinian coral (Montipora sp.) is associated with more highly impacted reefs. Our findings suggest that small human populations (subsistence fishing) can nevertheless have considerable ecological impacts on reefs due, in part, to changes in fishing practices rather than overfishing per se, as well as larger global trends. Findings from this work can assist in building local capacity to manage reef resources across an atoll-wide scale, and illustrates the importance of anthropogenic impact even in small communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Crane
- Department of Biology, Cabrillo College, Aptos, California, United States of America
- Oceanic Society, Ross, California, United States of America
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Nelson
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- H. T. Harvey & Associates, Bldg D, Los Gatos, California, United States of America
| | - Avigdor Abelson
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Kristin Precoda
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Marine Studies Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Rulmal
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Ulithi Falalop Community Action Program, Yap, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Giacomo Bernardi
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Paddack
- One People One Reef, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Santa Barbara City College, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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167
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