151
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Juan Zepeda T, Jorge Morales S, Hugo Letelier A, Luis Delpiano M. [Bartonella henselae vertebral osteomyelitis: report of a case]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:53-8. [PMID: 26460082 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cat scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae, with unknown prevalence and incidence in the Chilean paediatric population. Regional lymphadenopathy is the most common presentation, while atypical forms constitute a diagnostic challenge. OBJECTIVE To report a case of CSD with osteomyelitis and present guidelines regarding treatment. CLINICAL CASE An eight year-old patient, with prolonged febrile illness, back pain and neck stiffness. Laboratory studies highlight positive IgG for Bartonella henselae. The abdominal ultrasound showed splenic micro-abscesses, and the MRI showing vertebral lesions suggestive of osteomyelitis. DISCUSSION The diagnosis of atypical forms requires a high rate of suspicion, as in this case, in which the patient manifested the musculoskeletal symptoms simultaneously with the febrile syndrome, which led us to study possible complications of the disease. Current knowledge of the treatment of atypical or complicated CSD is derived from the observation of case studies, rather than randomized trials. It is suggested that antibiotic therapy is analysed individually, with the help of a specialist. CONCLUSION The importance of high clinical suspicion are emphasised and discussed, as well presenting some treatment options based on the evidence from the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Juan Zepeda
- Programa de Especialización en Pediatría, Universidad de Chile, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago Chile, Chile.
| | - S Jorge Morales
- Interno de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - M Luis Delpiano
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile
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152
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Bright Red Papules in a HIV-Positive 20-Year-Old Man. Am J Dermatopathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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153
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Mullins KE, Hang J, Jiang J, Leguia M, Kasper MR, Ventosilla P, Maguiña C, Jarman RG, Blazes D, Richards AL. Description of Bartonella ancashensis sp. nov., isolated from the blood of two patients with verruga peruana. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:3339-3343. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel isolates of the genus Bartonella were recovered from the blood of two patients enrolled in a clinical trial for the treatment of chronic stage Bartonella bacilliformis infection (verruga peruana) in Caraz, Ancash, Peru. The isolates were initially characterized by sequencing a fragment of the gltA gene, and found to be disparate from B. bacilliformis. The isolates were further characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods, and found to be genetically identical to each other for the genes assessed, but distinct from any known species of the genus Bartonella, including the closest relative B. bacilliformis. Other characteristics of the isolates, including their morphology, microscopic and biochemical properties, and growth patterns, were consistent with members of the genus Bartonella. Based on these results, we conclude that these three isolates are members of a novel species of the genus Bartonella for which we propose the name Bartonella ancashensis sp. nov. (type strain 20.00T = ATCC BAA-2694T = DSM 29364T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Mullins
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jun Hang
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ju Jiang
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | | | - Palmira Ventosilla
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ciro Maguiña
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt-Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Richard G. Jarman
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - David Blazes
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Allen L. Richards
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
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154
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Kahloun R, Abroug N, Ksiaa I, Mahmoud A, Zeghidi H, Zaouali S, Khairallah M. Infectious optic neuropathies: a clinical update. Eye Brain 2015; 7:59-81. [PMID: 28539795 PMCID: PMC5398737 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s69173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forms of optic neuropathy causing visual impairment of varying severity have been reported in association with a wide variety of infectious agents. Proper clinical diagnosis of any of these infectious conditions is based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular findings. Diagnosis is confirmed by serologic testing and polymerase chain reaction in selected cases. Treatment of infectious optic neuropathies involves the use of specific anti-infectious drugs and corticosteroids to suppress the associated inflammatory reaction. The visual prognosis is generally good, but persistent severe vision loss with optic atrophy can occur. This review presents optic neuropathies caused by specific viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Kahloun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Abroug
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ksiaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anis Mahmoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Zeghidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Zaouali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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155
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Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, Barsic B, Lockhart PB, Gewitz MH, Levison ME, Bolger AF, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Fink AM, O'Gara P, Taubert KA. Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2015; 132:1435-86. [PMID: 26373316 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1851] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has become more complex with today's myriad healthcare-associated factors that predispose to infection. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in particular a more common staphylococcal origin, have affected outcomes, which have not improved despite medical and surgical advances. METHODS AND RESULTS This statement updates the 2005 iteration, both of which were developed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease of the Young. It includes an evidence-based system for diagnostic and treatment recommendations used by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for treatment recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Infective endocarditis is a complex disease, and patients with this disease generally require management by a team of physicians and allied health providers with a variety of areas of expertise. The recommendations provided in this document are intended to assist in the management of this uncommon but potentially deadly infection. The clinical variability and complexity in infective endocarditis, however, dictate that these recommendations be used to support and not supplant decisions in individual patient management.
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156
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Chin YT, Hasan R, Qamruddin A. 16S rRNA PCR for the diagnosis of culture-negative Bartonella quintana endocarditis: the importance of sample type. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33:185-6. [PMID: 25560036 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Qamruddin
- Department of Microbiology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
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157
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Simonton K, Rupar D. Progressive Cat Scratch Disease Despite Antimicrobial Therapy. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015; 4:e45-7. [PMID: 26407443 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Simonton
- Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | - David Rupar
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina
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158
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Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, Dulgheru R, El Khoury G, Erba PA, Iung B, Miro JM, Mulder BJ, Plonska-Gosciniak E, Price S, Roos-Hesselink J, Snygg-Martin U, Thuny F, Tornos Mas P, Vilacosta I, Zamorano JL. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J 2015; 36:3075-3128. [PMID: 26320109 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3089] [Impact Index Per Article: 343.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis
- Acute Kidney Injury/therapy
- Ambulatory Care
- Aneurysm, Infected/diagnosis
- Aneurysm, Infected/therapy
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques
- Critical Care
- Cross Infection/etiology
- Dentistry, Operative
- Diagnostic Imaging/methods
- Embolism/diagnosis
- Embolism/therapy
- Endocarditis/diagnosis
- Endocarditis/therapy
- Endocarditis, Non-Infective/diagnosis
- Endocarditis, Non-Infective/therapy
- Female
- Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use
- Heart Defects, Congenital
- Heart Failure/diagnosis
- Heart Failure/therapy
- Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis
- Heart Valve Diseases/therapy
- Humans
- Long-Term Care
- Microbiological Techniques
- Musculoskeletal Diseases/diagnosis
- Musculoskeletal Diseases/microbiology
- Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy
- Myocarditis/diagnosis
- Myocarditis/therapy
- Neoplasms/complications
- Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis
- Nervous System Diseases/microbiology
- Nervous System Diseases/therapy
- Patient Care Team
- Pericarditis/diagnosis
- Pericarditis/therapy
- Postoperative Complications/etiology
- Postoperative Complications/prevention & control
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/therapy
- Prognosis
- Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis
- Prosthesis-Related Infections/therapy
- Recurrence
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Splenic Diseases/diagnosis
- Splenic Diseases/therapy
- Thoracic Surgical Procedures
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159
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Dong Y, Huang J, Li G, Li L, Li W, Li X, Liu X, Liu Z, Lu Y, Ma A, Sun H, Wang H, Wen X, Xu D, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhao H, Zhou J, Zhu L, Committee Members:, Bai L, Cao K, Chen M, Chen M, Dai G, Ding W, Dong W, Fang Q, Fang W, Fu X, Gao W, Gao R, Ge J, Ge Z, Gu F, Guo Y, Han H, Hu D, Huang W, Huang L, Huang C, Huang D, Huo Y, Jin W, Ke Y, Lei H, Li X, Li Y, Li D, Li G, Li X, Li Z, Liang Y, Liao Y, Liu G, Ma A, Ma C, Ma D, Ma Y, Shen L, Sun J, Sun C, Sun Y, Tang Q, Wan Z, Wang H, Wang J, Wang S, Wang D, Wang G, Wang J, Wu Y, Wu P, Wu S, Wu X, Wu Z, Yang J, Yang T, Yang X, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye P, Yu B, Yuan F, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zhou X. Guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis in adults: The Task Force for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis in Adults of Chinese Society of Cardiology of Chinese Medical Association, and of the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology. Eur Heart J Suppl 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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160
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Cat-scratch disease: a wide spectrum of clinical pictures. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2015; 32:216-20. [PMID: 26161064 PMCID: PMC4495109 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.44014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Bartonella henselae. The wide spectrum of diseases connected with these bacteria varies from asymptomatic cases, to skin inflammation, fever of unknown origin, lymphadenopathy, eye disorders, encephalitis and endocarditis. The reservoirs of B. henselae are domestic animals like cats, guinea pigs, rabbits and occasionally dogs. Diagnosis is most often based on a history of exposure to cats and a serologic test with high titres of the immunoglobulin G antibody to B. henselae. Most cases of cat-scratch disease are self-limited and do not require antibiotic treatment. If an antibiotic is chosen, however, azithromycin has been shown to speed recovery.
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161
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Chaudhry A, Chaudhry M, Papadimitriou J, Drachenberg C. Bartonella henselaeinfection-associated vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis leading to renal allograft loss. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:411-7. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Chaudhry
- Department of General Surgery; Sinai Hospital of Baltimore; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - M.R. Chaudhry
- Department of Pathology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J.C. Papadimitriou
- Department of Pathology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - C.B. Drachenberg
- Department of Pathology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
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162
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King KY, Hicks MJ, Mazziotti MV, Eldin KW, Starke JR, Michael M. Persistent cat scratch disease requiring surgical excision in a patient with MPGN. Pediatrics 2015; 135:e1514-7. [PMID: 25963015 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 13-year-old immunosuppressed patient with unrelenting cat scratch disease despite 9 months of antibiotic therapy. The patient was being treated with mycophenolate and prednisone for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type 1) diagnosed 13 months before the onset of cat scratch disease. Cat scratch disease was suspected due to epitrochlear lymphadenitis and an inoculation papule on the ipsilateral thumb, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the use of acute and convalescent titers positive for Bartonella henselae. The patient experienced prolonged lymphadenitis despite azithromycin and rifampin therapy, and she developed a draining sinus tract ∼4 months after initial inoculation while receiving antibiotics. Acute exacerbation of the primary supratrochlear node prompted incision and drainage of the area, with no improvement in the disease course. Ultimately, excision of all affected nodes and the sinus tract 9 months after the initial diagnosis was required to achieve resolution. Bartonella was detected at a high level according to a polymerase chain reaction assay in the excised nodes. Persistent treatment with oral antibiotics may have prevented disseminated infection in this immunosuppressed patient. Surgical excision of affected nodes should be considered in patients with cat scratch disease that persists beyond 16 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mini Michael
- Renal Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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163
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Garnier C, Martin-Blondel G, Debuisson C, Dubois D, Debard A, Cuzin L, Massip P, Delobel P, Marchou B. Intra-nodal injection of gentamicin for the treatment of suppurated cat scratch disease's lymphadenitis. Infection 2015; 44:23-7. [PMID: 26001741 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cat scratch disease (CSD)'s lymphadenitis may have a protracted course with painful suppuration necessitating several needle aspirations or surgical drainage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of an intra-nodal injection of gentamicin add-on oral azithromycin treatment on the outcome of suppurated CSD's lymphadenitis. METHODS We performed a retrospective monocentric study including 51 consecutive patients diagnosed between Jan 2009 and Mar 2014 with suppurated CSD who had a positive PCR for Bartonella henselae DNA in pus collected from lymph node by needle aspiration, and who were treated with azithromycin. RESULTS Among them, 26/51 patients (51%) received oral azithromycin only, of whom 8 patients (31%) were cured and 18 patients (69%) had complications, while 25/51 patients (49%) received an intra-nodal injection of gentamicin add-on oral azithromycin, of whom 16 patients (64 %) were cured and 9 patients (36%) had complications. In univariate analysis, the combined treatment was the only variable related to cure without complications (64 versus 31%, p = 0.01), but this difference did not remain statistically significant in multivariate analysis (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 0.95-15.56, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Intra-nodal injection of gentamicin add-on oral azithromycin treatment might improve the outcome of patients with suppurated CSD's lymphadenitis, deserving further randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Garnier
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France. .,INSERM U1043-CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France. .,Université Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France.
| | - Cécile Debuisson
- Department of Paediatrics, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Dubois
- INSERM U1043-CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Department of Bacteriology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexa Debard
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Lise Cuzin
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Patrice Massip
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,Université Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Delobel
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,INSERM U1043-CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Marchou
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,Université Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
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164
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Macías A, Aguirre C, Bustamante A, Garcés C, Echeverri V, Díaz A. Cat scratch disease in Medellín, Colombia. Oxf Med Case Reports 2015; 2014:43-5. [PMID: 25988023 PMCID: PMC4369997 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omu018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is the most common zoonosis transmitted by household animals. There is limited data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of this disease in Colombia. The typical presentation includes subacute or chronic lymph node infection following inoculation of Bartonella henselae bacilli through a cat scratch. Cats have a B. henselae seroprevalence as high as 90%. Here, we report the case of a preschool boy from a rural area of Antioquia, Colombia, who presented with chronic lymphadenopathy in the right axilla. Other important infectious etiologies were ruled out, and confirmation was made with the Warthin Starry stain of a lymph node biopsy. We also discuss the most important aspects of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Aguirre
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Alberto Bustamante
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Carlos Garcés
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine , Universidad de Antioquia , Medellín , Colombia
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165
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Bieraugel K, Oehler D, NeSmith M, Chiovaro J. Cat got your spleen? Hepatosplenic Bartonella infection. Am J Med 2015; 128:246-9. [PMID: 25460524 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bieraugel
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Drew Oehler
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Meghan NeSmith
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joseph Chiovaro
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Department of Medicine, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR.
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166
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Orsag J, Flodr P, Melter O, Tkadlec J, Sternbersky J, Hruby M, Klicova A, Zamboch K, Krejci K, Zadrazil J. Cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis due toBartonella quintanain a renal transplant recipient. Transpl Int 2015; 28:626-31. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Orsag
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Flodr
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Oto Melter
- Department of Medical Microbiology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tkadlec
- Department of Medical Microbiology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sternbersky
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Hruby
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Anna Klicova
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Zamboch
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Karel Krejci
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; Palacky University and University Hospital; Olomouc Czech Republic
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167
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Pérez-Jacoiste Asín MA, Fernández-Ruiz M, González E, Manzano-Peña MT. [Disseminated infection due to Bartonella henselae in a kidney transplant recipient]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2015; 33:292-3. [PMID: 25665525 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Pérez-Jacoiste Asín
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España.
| | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España
| | - Esther González
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España
| | - María Teresa Manzano-Peña
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, España
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Pertzborn M, Butler AM. Progressive Unilateral Cervical Lymphadenopathy With Elevated LDH in a School-Aged Female. Glob Pediatr Health 2015; 2:2333794X15591564. [PMID: 27335963 PMCID: PMC4784595 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x15591564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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169
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Zhou Y, Yin G, Tan C, Liu Y. Cat scratch disease during infliximab therapy: a case report and literature review. Rheumatol Int 2014; 35:911-3. [PMID: 25547623 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cat scratch disease may occur during etanercept therapy, but there has been no report on infliximab-associated cat scratch disease. We report a case of a 23-year-old woman who developed right inguinal lymph node enlargement following a cat scratch. The patient had received infliximab therapy for spondyloarthropathy. She was successfully managed by discontinuing infliximab and by treatment with moxifloxacin and amikacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Rattanavong S, Fournier PE, Chu V, Frichitthavong K, Kesone P, Mayxay M, Mirabel M, Newton PN. Bartonella henselae endocarditis in Laos - 'the unsought will go undetected'. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3385. [PMID: 25503777 PMCID: PMC4263471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both endocarditis and Bartonella infections are neglected public health problems, especially in rural Asia. Bartonella endocarditis has been described from wealthier countries in Asia, Japan, Korea, Thailand and India but there are no reports from poorer countries, such as the Lao PDR (Laos), probably because people have neglected to look. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a retrospective (2006–2012), and subsequent prospective study (2012–2013), at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos, through liaison between the microbiology laboratory and the wards. Patients aged >1 year admitted with definite or possible endocarditis according to modified Duke criteria were included. In view of the strong suspicion of infective endocarditis, acute and convalescent sera from 30 patients with culture negative endocarditis were tested for antibodies to Brucella melitensis,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,Bartonella quintana,B. henselae,Coxiella burnetii and Legionella pneumophila. Western blot analysis using Bartonella species antigens enabled us to describe the first two Lao patients with known Bartonella henselae endocarditis. Conclusions/Significance We argue that it is likely that Bartonella endocarditis is neglected and more widespread than appreciated, as there are few laboratories in Asia able to make the diagnosis. Considering the high prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Asia, there is remarkably little evidence on the bacterial etiology of endocarditis. Most evidence is derived from wealthy countries and investigation of the aetiology and optimal management of endocarditis in low income countries has been neglected. Interest in Bartonella as neglected pathogens is emerging, and improved methods for the rapid diagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis are needed, as it is likely that proven Bartonella endocarditis can be treated with simpler and less expensive regimens than “conventional” endocarditis and multicenter trials to optimize treatment are required. More understanding is needed on the risk factors for Bartonella endocarditis and the importance of vectors and vector control. Infection of heart valves (endocarditis) with bacteria is an important condition, especially afflicting those with rheumatic heart disease, and has a high mortality if untreated. Most of the evidence for optimal antibiotic and surgical management comes from wealthy countries. There are no published data from poorer countries in SE Asia despite a high burden of rheumatic heart disease. We investigated the bacterial infections of heart valves in the Lao PDR (Laos) through heart ultrasound scans and analysis of patients' blood. We provide evidence of infection with the poorly understood bacteria Bartonella henselae (the cause of cat scratch disease) in two patients from Laos. We argue that it is likely that Bartonella endocarditis is more widespread than appreciated, as there are few laboratories in Asia able to make the diagnosis. This is important as it is likely that proven Bartonella endocarditis can be treated with simpler and less expensive regimens than “conventional” endocarditis. There have been great advances in the wealthy world in the diagnosis and treatment of endocarditis but these have not been assessed or implemented in poorer countries. More evidence on the causes and optimal management of endocarditis in low income countries is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaphet Rattanavong
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- URMITE, IHU Mediterranee-Infection, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Vang Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | | | - Pany Kesone
- Department of Cardiology, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Mirabel
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Paul N. Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Gajula V, Kamepalli R, Kalavakunta JK. A star in the eye: cat scratch neuroretinitis. Clin Case Rep 2014; 2:17. [PMID: 25356231 PMCID: PMC4184768 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Neuroretinitis is one of the atypical presentations of Cat scratch disease (CSD). Fundoscopy showed star pattern macular exudates. CSD should be considered in patients who present with blurry vision and typical fundoscopic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Gajula
- Michigan State University/Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies Kalamazoo, Michigan
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173
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García JC, Núñez MJ, Castro B, Fernández JM, Portillo A, Oteo JA. Hepatosplenic cat scratch disease in immunocompetent adults: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:267-279. [PMID: 25398062 PMCID: PMC4602414 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is the most frequent presentation of Bartonella henselae infection. It has a worldwide distribution and is associated with a previous history of scratch or bite from a cat or dog. CSD affects children and teenagers more often (80%) than adults, and it usually has a self-limiting clinical course. Atypical clinical course or systemic symptoms are described in 5%-20% of patients. Among them, hepatosplenic (HS) forms (abscess) have been described. The majority of published cases have affected children or immunosuppressed patients. Few cases of HS forms of CSD in immunocompetent adult hosts have been reported, and data about the management of this condition are scarce. Herein, we present 3 new cases of HS forms of CSD in immunocompetent adults and review 33 other cases retrieved from the literature. We propose an approach to clinical diagnosis and treatment with oral azithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna (JCG, MJN), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Galicia; Servicio de Medicina Interna (BC, JMF), Hospital Comarcal del Salnés, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Galicia; Servicio de Medicina Interna (AL), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Galicia; Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas (AP, JAO), Hospital San Pedro-CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Chomel BB. Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonoses of Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2014; 4:434-45. [PMID: 26480316 PMCID: PMC4494318 DOI: 10.3390/ani4030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dogs and cats have been sharing our environment for a long time and as pets they bring major psychological well-being to our modern urbanized society. However, they still can be a source of human infection by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Abstract Since the middle of the 20th century, pets are more frequently considered as “family members” within households. However, cats and dogs still can be a source of human infection by various zoonotic pathogens. Among emerging or re-emerging zoonoses, viral diseases, such as rabies (mainly from dog pet trade or travel abroad), but also feline cowpox and newly recognized noroviruses or rotaviruses or influenza viruses can sicken our pets and be transmitted to humans. Bacterial zoonoses include bacteria transmitted by bites or scratches, such as pasteurellosis or cat scratch disease, leading to severe clinical manifestations in people because of their age or immune status and also because of our closeness, not to say intimacy, with our pets. Cutaneous contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leptospira spp., and/or aerosolization of bacteria causing tuberculosis or kennel cough are also emerging/re-emerging pathogens that can be transmitted by our pets, as well as gastro-intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella or Campylobacter. Parasitic and fungal pathogens, such as echinococcosis, leishmaniasis, onchocercosis, or sporotrichosis, are also re-emerging or emerging pet related zoonoses. Common sense and good personal and pet hygiene are the key elements to prevent such a risk of zoonotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno B Chomel
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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175
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Angelakis E, Raoult D. Pathogenicity and treatment of Bartonella infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Minnick MF, Anderson BE, Lima A, Battisti JM, Lawyer PG, Birtles RJ. Oroya fever and verruga peruana: bartonelloses unique to South America. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2919. [PMID: 25032975 PMCID: PMC4102455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella bacilliformis is the bacterial agent of Carrión's disease and is presumed to be transmitted between humans by phlebotomine sand flies. Carrión's disease is endemic to high-altitude valleys of the South American Andes, and the first reported outbreak (1871) resulted in over 4,000 casualties. Since then, numerous outbreaks have been documented in endemic regions, and over the last two decades, outbreaks have occurred at atypical elevations, strongly suggesting that the area of endemicity is expanding. Approximately 1.7 million South Americans are estimated to be at risk in an area covering roughly 145,000 km2 of Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. Although disease manifestations vary, two disparate syndromes can occur independently or sequentially. The first, Oroya fever, occurs approximately 60 days following the bite of an infected sand fly, in which infection of nearly all erythrocytes results in an acute hemolytic anemia with attendant symptoms of fever, jaundice, and myalgia. This phase of Carrión's disease often includes secondary infections and is fatal in up to 88% of patients without antimicrobial intervention. The second syndrome, referred to as verruga peruana, describes the endothelial cell-derived, blood-filled tumors that develop on the surface of the skin. Verrugae are rarely fatal, but can bleed and scar the patient. Moreover, these persistently infected humans provide a reservoir for infecting sand flies and thus maintaining B. bacilliformis in nature. Here, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding this life-threatening, neglected bacterial pathogen and review its host-cell parasitism, molecular pathogenesis, phylogeny, sand fly vectors, diagnostics, and prospects for control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Minnick
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Burt E. Anderson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amorce Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - James M. Battisti
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Phillip G. Lawyer
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Birtles
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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Maalouly C, Cecere N, Wilmes D, Demoulin N, Morelle J. Fever and lymphadenitis in an immunocompromised patient. Acta Clin Belg 2014; 69:214-6. [PMID: 24820922 DOI: 10.1179/2295333714y.0000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Bartonella henselae infections are among the most common causes of fever and lymphadenopathies, but can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised hosts; early recognition of these infections is of paramount importance in immunocompromised patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Here we report the case of a renal transplant recipient who presented with fever, lymphadenopathies, and a splenic abscess secondary to Bartonella henselae infection, successfully treated with doxycycline. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We discuss the various clinical presentations of Bartonella henselae infections in immunocompromised patients and the available diagnostic tools for this potentially severe complication.
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178
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Setlakwe EL, Sweeney R, Engiles JB, Johnson AL. Identification of Bartonella henselae in the liver of a thoroughbred foal with severe suppurative cholangiohepatitis. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1341-5. [PMID: 24814868 PMCID: PMC4857942 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E L Setlakwe
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA
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179
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Poudel A, Lew J, Slayton W, Dharnidharka VR. Bartonella henselae infection inducing hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a kidney transplant recipient. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:E83-7. [PMID: 24829973 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella henselae (Bh) is the cause of cat-scratch fever. When infection is symptomatic, it typically presents with singular lymphadenitis and fever. Less commonly, the infection can become disseminated and cause endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and micro-abscesses in multiple sites including liver, spleen, eyes, and brain, especially in immunocompromised patients. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (Hlh) is a rare and severe multisystem disorder that may be triggered by infections. In one prior case, Bh, like other infections, has induced Hlh, an immune-mediated disease that can be characterized by septic-like presentation with persistent fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. In an immunocompromised transplant recipient, the onset of Hlh can be difficult to discern from a severe presentation of Bh. We report a case of criteria-proven secondary Hlh occurring after Bh infection in an 11-yr-old girl who was 13 months post-renal transplant. The patient developed multi-organ failure, and her severe clinical presentation required a thorough evaluation for infectious and non-infectious possibilities including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and rejection. Early recognition of Hlh allowed for better directed therapies, leading to recovery of the patient and resolution of both Bh and Hlh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Poudel
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida; College of Medicine and Shands Children`s Hospital; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Judy Lew
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida; College of Medicine and Shands Children`s Hospital; Gainesville FL USA
| | - William Slayton
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida; College of Medicine and Shands Children`s Hospital; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Vikas R. Dharnidharka
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Florida; College of Medicine and Shands Children`s Hospital; Gainesville FL USA
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180
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Follow guidance to individualize antibacterial regimens when treating infective endocarditis. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-013-0099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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181
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Blazes DL, Mullins K, Smoak BL, Jiang J, Canal E, Solorzano N, Hall E, Meza R, Maguina C, Myers T, Richards AL, Laughlin L. Novel Bartonella agent as cause of verruga peruana. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1111-4. [PMID: 23764047 PMCID: PMC3713980 DOI: 10.3201/eid1907.121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While studying chronic verruga peruana infections in Peru from 2003, we isolated a novel Bartonella agent, which we propose be named Candidatus Bartonella ancashi. This case reveals the inherent weakness of relying solely on clinical syndromes for diagnosis and underscores the need for a new diagnostic paradigm in developing settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Blazes
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20910, USA.
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Kilonback AC, Guly C, Bernatoniene J, Ramanan AV. Unilateral neuroretinitis secondary to Bartonella henselae infection. Arch Dis Child 2014; 99:70. [PMID: 24106074 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-304851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Catherine Kilonback
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, , Bristol, UK
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183
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Grossi O, Denoyel GA, Redon H, Caignon JM, Généreau T, de Faucal P. Challenges in the diagnosis of culture negative vertebral osteomyelitis in adults: Case of Bartonella henselae infection. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:671-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Im JH, Baek JH, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Chung MH, Kim M, Lee SM, Kang JS. First Case of Bartonella henselae Bacteremia in Korea. Infect Chemother 2013; 45:446-50. [PMID: 24475360 PMCID: PMC3902810 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2013.45.4.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae causes cat-scratch disease, bacteremia, and various focal infections. Despite the worldwide occurrence of B. henselae infections, reports in humans are rare in Korea. The clinical manifestation of all 5 previously reported cases was lymphadenopathy. Herein, we report a case of bacteremia in a woman who presented with prolonged fever. B. henselae was isolated from a blood specimen by cell culture. Conventional polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic space region confirmed the isolate to be B. henselae. The patient had no underlying immunocompromising conditions and no recent exposure to animals. She was successfully managed with a combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyoung Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Moon-Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Myoung Lee
- Translation Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Zapata HJ, Villanueva M, Shenoi S. Initial diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in a 56-year-old man with non-healing forearm lesion. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-201184. [PMID: 24248316 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old Hispanic man with no significant medical problems presented with a 2-month history of a non-healing right forearm lesion that progressed despite several courses of empiric antibiotics. The patient underwent incision and drainage. Warthin-Starry stain with immunohistochemistry testing diagnosed bacillary angiomatosis secondary to Bartonella quintana. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with HIV, with a CD4 count of 68 cells/mm(3), and a HIV viral load of 47, 914 copies/mL. The patient was treated with doxycycline and started on antiretroviral therapy. The lesion has resolved and he has had no recurrence after 16 months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Zapata
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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186
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Maxillofacial injuries due to animal bites. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2013; 14:142-53. [PMID: 26028828 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-013-0593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Animal bites are a significant public health problem, with the majority of bites coming from dogs, cats and humans. These may present as punctures, abrasions, tears, or avulsions. The force and relative bluntness of the teeth also increases the possibility of a crush injury with devitalized tissue .The clinical presentation and appropriate treatment of infected bite wounds vary according to the animal and causative organisms. These wounds have always been considered complex injuries contaminated with a unique polymicrobial inoculum. MATERIALS This article reviews animal bite wound incidence, bacteriology, risk factors for complications, evaluation components, recommended treatment and prevention based on advanced PUBMED search of the English language literature from the years 1970 to present. CONCLUSION As the bite wounds are frequently located on the face, an oral and maxillofacial surgeon needs to be familiar with the treatment of animal bites, pitfalls in management and to educate patients on ways to avoid future bite injuries. The management of animal bites is an evidence poor area and most recommendations are based on small case series, microbiological data and expert opinion. The main controversies include whether wounds should or should not undergo primary closure and the use of prophylactic antimicrobials.
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188
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Prutsky G, Domecq JP, Mori L, Bebko S, Matzumura M, Sabouni A, Shahrour A, Erwin PJ, Boyce TG, Montori VM, Malaga G, Murad MH. Treatment outcomes of human bartonellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e811-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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189
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[Preauricular lymphadenopathy related to Bartonella henselae]. Rev Med Interne 2013; 34:770-2. [PMID: 24080238 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cat scratch disease is characterized by adenitis with usually positive outcome. We reported two cases of cat scratch disease with preauricular involvement occurring in immunocompetent patients. OBSERVATIONS Observation 1: a 28-year-old man had a recent onset of left cervical swelling, with a peripheral facial paralysis and liver cytolysis. Serologies for EBV, viral hepatitis, CMV, HIV and toxoplasma were negative. Node excision biopsy suggested granulomatous lymphadenitis and Bartonella henselae PCR on lymph node was positive. With doxycyclin for 3 months, associated with rifampicin for 15 days, abnormal liver function disappeared and facial paralysis improved. Observation 2: a 17-year-old man had parotid swelling associated with right posterior cervical lymphadenopathies associated with fever and profuse sweating. A large right preauricular lymphadenopathy with necrotic remodeling was visible on the CT-scan. Lymph fluid B. henselae PCR was positive. Positive outcome occurs after surgical drainage and short azithromycin treatment. CONCLUSION Physicians should be aware of the rare preauricular localization of cat scratch disease and ask for contact with a cat. Parotid tumor localization, lymphoma or tuberculosis should be ruled out. Diagnosis is based on the B. henselae PCR. Outcome is often spontaneously positive but surgical treatment may be required.
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Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) occurs at a rate of approximately 0.9-6.2 per 100,000 people per year and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality despite advancements in antibiotic and surgical treatments. The general approach to the treatment of IE is initial clinical stabilization, early acquisition of blood cultures, and definitive medical and/or surgical treatment. Surgical consultation should be obtained early when indicated in order to determine the best treatment approach for each individual patient. Surgery is indicated in most cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, fungal endocarditis, and endocarditis associated with large vegetations (≥10 mm). Initial antibiotic therapy for IE should be targeted to the culprit microorganism; however, in some cases, empiric therapy must be initiated prior to definitive culture diagnosis. Empiric antibiotics should be targeted toward the most likely pathogens, including staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci species. Here we discuss the recommended antibiotic regimens for the most common causes of IE as indicated by the American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology. In 2008, the ACC/AHA published guideline updates on the treatment of valvular heart disease, which included a focused update on endocarditis prophylaxis. According to the most recent guidelines, the number of patients who require antibiotic prophylaxis has decreased substantially. Treatment of IE should be targeted toward the causative microorganism and must be based on the type and location of valve involved (native, prosthetic, left or right sided), the clinical status of the patient, and the likelihood for clinical success. This requires a collaborative effort from multiple medical specialties including infectious disease specialists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons.
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191
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Poulikakos P, Falagas ME. Aminoglycoside therapy in infectious diseases. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1585-97. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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192
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Lovis A, Clerc O, Lazor R, Jaton K, Greub G. Isolated mediastinal necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenopathy due to cat-scratch disease. Infection 2013; 42:153-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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193
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Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacteremia due to Bartonella quintana in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Case Rep Infect Dis 2013; 2013:694765. [PMID: 23710386 PMCID: PMC3655512 DOI: 10.1155/2013/694765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 63-year-old man treated with alemtuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia who developed multiple angiomatous papules and fever. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from a skin lesion and blood sample revealed Bartonella quintana as causative agent confirming the diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis with bacteremia. Treatment with doxycycline, initially in combination with gentamicin, led to complete resolution of the lesions. This case shows the importance of considering bacillary angiomatosis as a rare differential diagnosis of angiomatous lesions in the immunocompromised patient, particularly in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and following lymphocyte depleting treatments as alemtuzumab.
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Osório F, Pedrosa A, Azevedo F, Figueiredo P, Magina S. Cat-scratch disease during anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy: case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:e182-3. [PMID: 23557494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Osório
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Centro Hospitalar de São João EPE, Porto, PortugalDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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195
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Hemin-binding proteins as potent markers for serological diagnosis of infections with Bartonella quintana. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:620-6. [PMID: 23408526 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00717-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to distinguish infections with different Bartonella species using commercially available immunofluorescence (indirect immunofluorescent antibody [IFA]) assay kits. To identify appropriate proteins for serodiagnosis of Bartonella quintana infections, we investigated the antigenicity of B. quintana proteins using sera from homeless people with high B. quintana IgG titers in IFA assay. These sera reacted strongly to an outer membrane protein, hemin-binding protein D (HbpD). Further, serum from an endocarditis patient infected with B. quintana reacted to HbpB and HbpD. To locate the antigenic sites within the proteins, we generated deletion mutants of HbpB and HbpD. Amino acid residues 89 to 220 of HbpB and 151 to 200 of HbpD were identified as the minimum regions required for recognition by these sera. Several oligopeptides comprising parts of the minimum regions of HbpB and HbpD were synthesized, and their immunoreactivity with the above-mentioned sera was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum from the endocarditis patient reacted similarly to synthetic peptides HbpB2 (amino acid residues 144 to 173 of HbpB) and HbpD3 (151 to 200 residues of HbpD), while sera from the other subjects reacted to HbpD3. These results indicate that synthetic peptides HbpB2 and HbpD3 might be suitable for developing serological tools for differential diagnosis of B. quintana infections from other Bartonella infections.
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Maggi RG, Mozayeni BR, Pultorak EL, Hegarty BC, Bradley JM, Correa M, Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonella spp. bacteremia and rheumatic symptoms in patients from Lyme disease-endemic region. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 18:783-91. [PMID: 22516098 PMCID: PMC3358077 DOI: 10.3201/eid1805.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of Bartonella spp. was high, especially among patients with a history of Lyme disease. Bartonella spp. infection has been reported in association with an expanding spectrum of symptoms and lesions. Among 296 patients examined by a rheumatologist, prevalence of antibodies against Bartonella henselae, B. koehlerae, or B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (185 [62%]) and Bartonella spp. bacteremia (122 [41.1%]) was high. Conditions diagnosed before referral included Lyme disease (46.6%), arthralgia/arthritis (20.6%), chronic fatigue (19.6%), and fibromyalgia (6.1%). B. henselae bacteremia was significantly associated with prior referral to a neurologist, most often for blurred vision, subcortical neurologic deficits, or numbness in the extremities, whereas B. koehlerae bacteremia was associated with examination by an infectious disease physician. This cross-sectional study cannot establish a causal link between Bartonella spp. infection and the high frequency of neurologic symptoms, myalgia, joint pain, or progressive arthropathy in this population; however, the contribution of Bartonella spp. infection, if any, to these symptoms should be systematically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G Maggi
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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197
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Biswas S, Rolain JM. Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for identification of bacteria that are difficult to culture. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 92:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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198
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Zangwill KM. Cat Scratch Disease and Other Bartonella Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 764:159-66. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4726-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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199
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Berghoff W. Chronic Lyme Disease and Co-infections: Differential Diagnosis. Open Neurol J 2012; 6:158-78. [PMID: 23400696 PMCID: PMC3565243 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01206010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Lyme disease concurrent infections frequently occur. The clinical and pathological impact of co-infections was first recognized in the 1990th, i.e. approximately ten years after the discovery of Lyme disease. Their pathological synergism can exacerbate Lyme disease or induce similar disease manifestations. Co-infecting agents can be transmitted together with Borrelia burgdorferi by tick bite resulting in multiple infections but a fraction of co-infections occur independently of tick bite. Clinically relevant co-infections are caused by Bartonella species, Yersinia enterocolitica, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In contrast to the USA, human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and babesiosis are not of major importance in Europe. Infections caused by these pathogens in patients not infected by Borrelia burgdorferi can result in clinical symptoms similar to those occurring in Lyme disease. This applies particularly to infections caused by Bartonella henselae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chlamydia trachomatis primarily causes polyarthritis. Chlamydophila pneumoniae not only causes arthritis but also affects the nervous system and the heart, which renders the differential diagnosis difficult. The diagnosis is even more complex when co-infections occur in association with Lyme disease. Treatment recommendations are based on individual expert opinions. In antibiotic therapy, the use of third generation cephalosporins should only be considered in cases of Lyme disease. The same applies to carbapenems, which however are used occasionally in infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. For the remaining infections predominantly tetracyclines and macrolides are used. Quinolones are for alternative treatment, particularly gemifloxacin. For Bartonella henselae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae the combination with rifampicin is recommended. Erythromycin is the drug of choice for Campylobacter jejuni.
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Genome sequence of Bartonella rattaustraliani, a bacterium isolated from an Australian rat. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:7012. [PMID: 23209252 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01924-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella rattaustraliani is a facultative intracellular bacterium isolated from the blood of a Rattus sp. in Australia. The present study reports the draft genome of B. rattaustraliani strain AUST/NH4 (CSUR B609(T)).
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