151
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Scott DL, Coulton BL, Chapman JH, Bacon PA, Popert AJ. The long-term effects of treating rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON 1983; 17:79-85. [PMID: 6402590 PMCID: PMC5370976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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152
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153
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154
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Scott D, Scott D, Bacon P. Therapeutic progress--review VI. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY 1982; 7:217-29. [PMID: 6761367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1982.tb01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anti-rheumatic drugs used in rheumatoid arthritis fall into two distinct groups: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and second-line drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs give early symptomatic improvement and reduce the degree of acute inflammatory synovitis. Second-line drugs such as gold or D penicillamine exert an anti-inflammatory effect only after two to three months and act by suppressing disease activity: these reduce the ESR and other acute phase responses. However, the evidence that any of these drugs halt the progression of radiological changes or can be used as long-term agents to control the disease over a period of years is weak. The current use of anti-rheumatic drugs follows a general pattern with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used alone in patients with mild disease, whereas patients with severe disease also receive second-line drugs. As yet the long-term effect of this policy is not known. Cytotoxic drugs should be restricted to patients with severe disease who either fail to respond to conventional second-line drugs or have active extra-articular disease, particularly those with vasculitis.
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155
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Dixon JS. Biochemical and clinical changes in rheumatoid arthritis: their relation to the action of antirheumatoid drugs. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1982; 12:191-207. [PMID: 6101212 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(82)90060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Dixon
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Royal Bath Hospital, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England
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156
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Abstract
Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in 9 patients with childhood dermatomyositis. Four children were seen during clinical relapse and all had serum CRP levels less than 1 mg/l. In addition direct immunofluorescent staining of muscle biopsies from 4 patients showed no evidence of CRP deposition in muscle tissue. Such patients appear to be able to produce CRP in response to acute infections, and it is suggested therefore that the pathological process in childhood dermatomyositis may not induce a significant CRP response.
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157
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Fagan EA, Dyck RF, Maton PN, Hodgson HJ, Chadwick VS, Petrie A, Pepys MB. Serum levels of C-reactive protein in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Eur J Clin Invest 1982; 12:351-9. [PMID: 6814926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1982.tb02244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prospective measurements were made of serum C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in sixty-four patients with Crohn's disease and fifty with ulcerative colitis. The results were related to clinical assessment of disease activity. C-reactive protein levels were raised in both groups but were significantly higher in Crohn's disease than ulcerative colitis for all categories of disease severity: with mild disease the median and range of C-reactive protein concentration were 4, 0-65 mg/l in Crohn's disease v. 0, 0-15 mg/l in ulcerative colitis, P less than 0.01; in moderate disease the values were 15, 1-100 mg/l v. 3, 0-29 mg/l respectively, P less than 0.05 and in cases of severe disease, 85, 15-183 mg/l v. 12, 2-33 mg/l respectively, P less than 0.001. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was also higher in Crohn's disease but did not closely reflect disease activity in individual patients. C-reactive protein levels corresponded closely with clinical and pathological indices of relapse, remission and response to therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. The precise assay of serum C-reactive protein provides an objective criterion of inflammatory activity, which may be useful in the assessment, management and study of Crohn's disease.
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158
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Gwyther M, Schwarz H, Howard A, Ansell BM. C-reactive protein in juvenile chronic arthritis: an indicator of disease activity and possibly amyloidosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1982; 41:259-62. [PMID: 7092338 PMCID: PMC1000923 DOI: 10.1136/ard.41.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) was found to be particularly high early in the course of those cases of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) with a systemic onset, the mean level being 12 mg/dl (120 mg/l). It was also raised in cases with a polyarticular onset, mean level 6 mg/dl, while in cases with a pauciarticular onset it was associated with only a modest increase up to 1.5 mg/dl (15 mg/l). At the onset of disease there was a good correlation with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Regression of systemic disease was associated with a steady fall in C-reactive protein, but those patients who developed amyloidosis within 5 years from onset had persistently high values until cytotoxic therapy was introduced. Patients who developed amyloidosis later tended to have high CRP levels in the months or even years before diagnosis. In a few patients with polyarthritis the CRP appeared to reflect severe disease more closely than their relatively low ESR.
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159
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160
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Maury CP, Teppo AM, Wegelius O. Relationship between urinary sialylated saccharides, serum amyloid A protein, and C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1982; 41:268-71. [PMID: 7092339 PMCID: PMC1000925 DOI: 10.1136/ard.41.3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The urinary excretion of sialic-acid-containing oligosaccharides, total sialic acid, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) has been studied in 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Linear regression analysis revealed a close positive correlation between serum SAA and CRP levels in both RA (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001) and SLE (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001). The urinary excretion of sialyl lactose showed a positive correlation with the serum levels of SAA and CRP in RA (r = 0.45 and r = 0.45, respectively, p less than 0.01) but not in SLE (r = 0.05 and r = 0.10 respectively). Changes in serum total sialic acid levels paralleled those in CRP and SAA in RA as well as in SLE. Patients with very active RA had higher urinary sialyl oligosaccharide excretion (p less than 0.001), higher CRP levels (p less than 0.01), and higher SAA levels ( p less than 0.05) than those with moderately active disease.
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161
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Martin MF, Dieppe PA, Jones HE, Warren C, Whicher J, Kohn J. Serum concanavalin-A binding in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1982; 41:133-6. [PMID: 7073340 PMCID: PMC1000896 DOI: 10.1136/ard.41.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A nephelometric assay of concanavalin-A binding of serum acute phase proteins (con-A binding) has been used in cross-sectional and sequential studies of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Con-A binding correlated well with blood viscosity, C-reactive protein, and other individual acute phase reactants in patients with active RA. Twenty-four patients were treated for 6 months with D-penicillamine and assessed clinically and seriologically. Clinical improvement was accompanied by significant falls in both C-reactive protein and con-A binding, although the serological changes did not always occur in parallel in individual patients. The advantages of this simple, cheap assay of acute phase proteins are discussed.
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162
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Rafnsson V, Bengtsson C, Lurie M. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in women with different manifestations of joint disease. Scand J Rheumatol 1982; 11:87-95. [PMID: 7089505 DOI: 10.3109/03009748209098168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive population study of women aged 44-46 was carried out in Göteborg, Sweden in 1974-75. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the rate of high ESR values (defined as ESR greater than or equal to 30 mm) were higher in women with manifestations of joint diseases than in other women, the differences being statistically significant for women with swollen or deformed finger joints and symptoms from the wrists. Women with manifestations of active joint disease at the time of the examination had even higher ESR values, the differences being statistically significant also for women with symptoms from the finger joints. High ESR values were more common in women with a positive serological test for rheumatoid factor and joint manifestations indicating arthritis and osteoarthrosis. The "arthritis" and "osteoarthrosis" groups each included about one-third of the subjects with rheumatoid factor. It is concluded that although ESR values are moderately increased in subjects with different manifestations of joint disease, the vast majority of such subjects have ESR values less than 30 mm.
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163
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Abstract
Two new, rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassays for human C-reactive protein (CRP) have been established using antiserum coupled to magnetizable cellulose particles, which facilitate phase separation. A single antibody method, using solid phase anti-CRP, provides a sensitivity of 50 microgram/l with a 1-h incubation time and intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 10%. A double antibody method, using fluid phase rabbit anti-CRP serum and solid phase sheep anti-rabbit IgG serum, provides a sensitivity of 3 microgram/l with an overnight incubation and intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of 10%. Among 468 sera from normal adult volunteer blood donors the median CRP concentration was 800 microgram/l, interquartile range 340-1700 microgram/l and range 70-29,000 microgram/l. Ninety percent of samples contained less than 3 mg/l and 99% less than 10 mg/l. Low levels (14-650 microgram/l) of CRP were detected both in amniotic fluids and in cerebrospinal fluids.
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164
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Park JR, Jones JG, Hazleman BL. Relationship of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to acute phase proteins in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40:493-5. [PMID: 6171213 PMCID: PMC1000787 DOI: 10.1136/ard.40.5.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with other acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha(1) antitrypsin, orosomucoid, and haptoglobin) in 108 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and/or giant cell arteritis. There was good correlation between CRP and ESR, but the ESR was also found to have the highest correlation with disease activity. The additional measurement of CRP or other acute phase proteins may be of value in a minority of cases.
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165
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Lapadula G. Protein measurement of inflammation. (A statistical evaluation). LA RICERCA IN CLINICA E IN LABORATORIO 1981; 11:223-7. [PMID: 7291869 DOI: 10.1007/bf02890528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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166
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Jones VE, Jacoby RK, Wallington T, Holt P. Immune complexes in early arthritis. L Detection of immune complexes before rheumatoid arthritis is definite. Clin Exp Immunol 1981; 44:512-21. [PMID: 6976861 PMCID: PMC1537321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifty-three patients with early arthritis were studied longitudinally for up to 3 years. During this time, 24 developed sufficient features for definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to be diagnosed. The other (arthralgia patients) differed from the RA patients as, in the majority, C-reactive protein and ESR were normal and anti-nuclear antibodies or rheumatoid factors were rarely found. Moreover, in time their signs and symptoms improved or disappeared. Circulating immune complexes were detected in both groups of patients by the platelet aggregation test whereas complexes detected by abnormal Clq-binding activity were found mainly in the RA patients. Platelet-aggregating complexes were usually present in the first samples studied and disappeared in the arthralgia patients with recovery from their symptoms. In the RA patients, Clq-binding complexes appeared simultaneously or later than platelet-aggregating complexes but both tests were positive several months before RA could be diagnosed. These results suggest that immune complexes are one of the first immunological abnormalities to appear in patients with arthritis. Although the constituent antigen and antibody of complexes detected by either test are unknown, their possible nature is discussed.
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167
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Pickup ME, Dixon JS, Hallett C, Bird HA, Wright V. Plasma viscosity--a new appraisal of its use as an index of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40:272-5. [PMID: 7247471 PMCID: PMC1000761 DOI: 10.1136/ard.40.3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of the plasma viscosity (PV) test has been examined in relation to the more commonly used erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) estimations as a diagnostic aid in 120 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and as an index of improvement during subsequent specific antirheumatic drug treatment (60 outpatients). Correlation data based on 7 clinical variables suggest that PV estimations are at least as reliable as ESR and CRP in terms of diagnosis and as indices of improvement. The methodological advantages offered by the PV test lend support to its application in RA.
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168
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Abstract
The discovery of C-reactive protein (CRP) half a century ago led to the description of the acute-phase reaction which is a fundamental response of the body to injury. Recent work on the structure and function of CRP has revealed the existence of a unique plasma protein family, including CRP and serum amyloid P component (SAP). These proteins have been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. CRP binds specifically to a wide range of substances derived both from damaged autologous cells and from microorganisms. Complexed CRP can activate the complement system and, by virtue of its dramatically increased production in response to tissue injury, it probably acts primarily as a protective mechanism. However, in some circumstances CRP may also initiate or exacerbate inflammatory lesions. Clinical measurement of serum CRP is valuable as a screening test for organic disease and as a sensitive object index of disease activity and response to therapy in some inflammatory, infective, and ischaemic conditions. SAP closely resembles CRP in structure but not an acute-phase reactant in man. An apparently identical protein, amyloid P component (AP), is always found in amyloid deposits. AP is also found in normal tissues, as an integral constituent of vascular basement membranes and is located on the peripheral microfibrillar mantle of elastic fibres throughout the body.
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169
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170
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Amos RS, McConkey B. Non-invasive assessment of drug action in rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. Pharmacol Ther 1981; 14:477-92. [PMID: 7034006 DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(81)90039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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171
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Gullberg R. Evaluation of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1981; 38:31-4. [PMID: 7010576 DOI: 10.3109/03009748109096712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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172
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Abstract
A controlled study of C-reactive protein in patients with and without temporal arteritis was performed. C-reactive protein was elevated in 10 of 11 patients with biopsy-proven temporal arteritis before treatment. It was positive in 14 of 32 control patients with negative temporal artery biopsies. This difference is statistically significant. C-reactive protein was elevated in 6 to 9 (depending on the adequacy of therapy) of 34 patients with temporal arteritis after corticosteroids were started. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are positively correlated in untreated arteritis. Clinical correlation showed C-reactive protein was more sensitive than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in following the adequacy of corticosteroid dosages in temporal arteritis probably because many more noninflammatory factors influence erythrocyte sedimentation than influence C-reactive protein.
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173
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Sjöblom KG, Saxne T, Wollheim FA. Plasma levels of beta 2-microglobulin in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39:333-9. [PMID: 6159827 PMCID: PMC1000552 DOI: 10.1136/ard.39.4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple and inexpensive method is described for the determination of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) by enzyme-amplified single radial immunodiffusion. The values obtained with this method correlate well with those determined by means of a commerical RIA kit. Using the immunodiffusion method we have measured the plasma levels of beta 2-MG in 135 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal serum creatinine levels. 33% of the patients had increased concentrations of beta 2 MG, but the levels were found to correlate poorly with the values of several variables generally used as indices of the degree inflammatory activity in RA. Furthermore, in contrast to earlier claims to the contrary, beta 2-MG correlated positively with age. The value of beta 2-MG in plasma as an index of inflammatory activity in RA is questioned.
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174
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Pereira Da Silva JA, Elkon KB, Hughes GR, Dyck RF, Pepys MB. C-reactive protein levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: a classification criterion? ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1980; 23:770-1. [PMID: 7387742 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780230609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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175
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Wright V, Amos R. Do drugs change the course of rheumatoid arthritis? BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1980; 280:964-6. [PMID: 6106520 PMCID: PMC1601115 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.280.6219.964-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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176
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McConkey B, Amos RS, Billingham ME, Constable TJ, Crockson RA, Crockson AP, Forster PJ. Rheumatoid arthritis: effects of a new agent (ICI 55 897) on serum acute phase proteins and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39:18-21. [PMID: 6990881 PMCID: PMC1000463 DOI: 10.1136/ard.39.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with a new agent (ICI 55 897) in addition to basic therapy with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Five patients had the drug for less than 28 days; the remaining 29 were observed for periods up to a year. At 140 days, when all but 2 patients were in the study, there had been statistically significant improvement in clinical score, serum C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and plasma fibrinogen. Thereafter results continued to improve but were biased because some patients had stopped taking the drug. The final conclusion was that 17 patients had improved with 1 late relapse, and 15 had not responded. Adverse effects were trivial except in 2 instances: one patient had a transient unexplained rise in blood urea, another had a haematemesis. Neither effect could be attributed with certainty to the drug. ICI 55 897 has no intrinsic analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties. We suggest the findings of this study indicate that this agent, with low toxicity and the ability to lower acute-phase protein levels, may be an alternative to gold or penicillamine in the treatment of RA.
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177
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Cowling P, Ebringer R, Cawdell D, Ishii M, Ebringer A. C-reactive protein, ESR, and klebsiella in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39:45-9. [PMID: 7377858 PMCID: PMC1000468 DOI: 10.1136/ard.39.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Serum C reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured on 469 occasions in 149 patients with ankylosing spondylitis who had also been investigated for faecal carriage of klebsiella/enterobacter species on the same occasions. Raised values of CRP and ESR correlated with each other (P less than 0.001) as well as with clinically assessed active disease episodes (P less than 0.001). Patients with positive cultures for klebsiella were found to have higher mean values for CRP and ESR than those with negative cultures (P less than 0.025). CRP appears to be a useful marker of disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis.
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178
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Jones RR. C-Reactive Protein Estimation in Lupus Erythematosus. Med Chir Trans 1980; 73:143-4. [PMID: 7230190 PMCID: PMC1437335 DOI: 10.1177/014107688007300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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179
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Becker GJ, Waldburger M, Hughes GR, Pepys MB. Value of serum C-reactive protein measurement in the investigation of fever in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39:50-2. [PMID: 7377859 PMCID: PMC1000469 DOI: 10.1136/ard.39.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was higher when the disease was active than when it was inactive, but was only markedly raised in patients suffering from identifiable microbial infection. CRP levels greater than 60 mg/l suggest the presence of intercurrent infection and may therefore be a valuable aid to the differential diagnosis of pyrexia in SLE.
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180
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Child JA, Spati B, Illingworth S, Barnard D, Corbett S, Simmons AV, Stone J, Worthy TS, Cooper EH. Serum beta 2 microglobulin and C-reactive protein in the monitoring of lymphomas: findings in a multicenter study and experience in selected patients. Cancer 1980; 45:318-26. [PMID: 6153152 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19800115)45:2<318::aid-cncr2820450220>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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181
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Trautner K, Cooper EH, Haworth S, Ward AM. An evaluation of serum protein profiles in the long-term surveillance of prostatic cancer. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY 1980; 14:143-9. [PMID: 7209417 DOI: 10.3109/00365598009179552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal and vertical studies on prostatic cancer have confirmed that many forms of oestrogen therapy have a profound effect on the levels of several acute phase reactant proteins (APRP). This action overrides any response of the APRPs to a rising tumour load. However, serum C-Reactive protein and albumin levels appear to be independent of oestrogen control and their respective rise and fall is associated with tumour progression even when the patient is saturated with oestrogens.
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182
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Atkinson DC. Nonsteroidal acidic anti-inflammatory agents: do they constitute a single drug class? AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1979; 9:480-2. [PMID: 317571 DOI: 10.1007/bf01968115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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183
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Abstract
It is important to establish the diagnosis of temporal arteritis because the disease is treatable; treatment may prevent blindness and even death. Temporal arteritis usually occurs in people older than 51 years of age, although very rarely, histologically documented disease occurs in younger people. The onset may be occult, so that there are few findings. A multitude of signs and symptoms may occur such as fever, headaches, malaise, weight loss, anemia, stroke, cranial nerve palsies, polymyalgia rheumatica, aortitis and other large vessel involvement. The eye may suffer from ischemic optic neuropathy (anterior or posterior), central or cilio-retinal arterial occlusion, ophthalmic artery ischemia, or extraocular muscle palsies. An arterial biopsy showing giant cell arteritis establishes the diagnosis. However, a negative biopsy does not rule out the disease because of the occasional presence of skip areas. Arteriography has only rarely yielded a positive temporal artery biopsy when the initial biopsy done elsewhere was negative. As a diagnostic parameter, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is nonspecific, being elevated in diseases other than temporal arteritis and sometimes being falsely lowered by technical factors. Furthermore, the temporal artery biopsy is occasionally positive despite a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Treatment is aimed at relieving the patient's symptoms and normalizing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Because of the wide spectrum of clinical and laboratory finding in temporal arteritis, no one specific treatment regimen with systemic corticosteroids works for all patients. Temporal arteritis is a well known disease of the elderly which ir rarely fatal but results in significant visual morbidity (Hinzpeter & Naumann, 1976; Spencer & Hoyt, 1960). Since Hutchinson's (1890) description, more than a thousand articles have been written on the subject (Cohen & Smith, 1974). Despite this, many unanswered questions and controversies remain concerning the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of temporal arteritis. My goal is to review these questions and areas of controversy.
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184
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Walsh L, Davies P, McConkey B. Relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1979; 38:362-3. [PMID: 496450 PMCID: PMC1000372 DOI: 10.1136/ard.38.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were compared in 241 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There was a positive linear correlation between the 2 measurements with a high degree of variability. Neither age nor duration of RA had a detectable influence. The relationship between CRP and ESR was, however, altered by treatment with gold, penicillamine, or high doses of prednisone. It is suggested that serum CRP is the more sensitive measurement, but that CRP and ESR do not have identical clinical significance.
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185
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McConkey B, Davies P, Crockson RA, Crockson AP, Butler M, Constable TJ, Amos RS. Effects of gold, dapsone, and prednisone on serum C-reactive protein and haptoglobin and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1979; 38:141-4. [PMID: 109055 PMCID: PMC1000338 DOI: 10.1136/ard.38.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sequential measurements of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum haptoglobin (Hp), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were made in 209 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 78 of them were treated with gold, 71 with dapsone, and 60 with prednisone. The results were expressed as proportional changes in the measurements at 28-day intervals after treatment began. The period of study was 140 days. During treatment with gold and dapsone there were statistically significant gradual and progressive falls of similar magnitude in serum CRP and ESR. During treatment with prednisone serum CRP and ESR fell abruptly by 28 days and thereafter altered little. At 140 days prednisone had had the largest proportional effect on both measurements. During gold treatment the fall in serum Hp was similar to that of the ESR. In contrast, prednisone had little effect on Hp levels despite large falls in serum CRP and the ESR. Either prednisone stimulates Hp synthesis or the divergence is an expression of the difference in type of effect between gold and prednisone on RA. The effect of dapsone on serum Hp was large and progressive; it partly reflects haemolysis and, since the haemolysis was not progressive, partly improvement in the RA. The results show the relative efficacy of the drugs and suggest that dapsone may be a useful alternative treatment for RA.
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186
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Feigenbaum SL, Masi AT, Kaplan SB. Prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. A longitudinal study of newly diagnosed younger adult patients. Am J Med 1979; 66:377-84. [PMID: 433943 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(79)91055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The course of rheumatoid arthritis was analyzed in 50 newly-diagnosed adults followed prospectively for an average of over five years. Eighteen patients had no swelling and no erosion (outcome 1), 22 patients had swelling without erosion (outcome 2) and 10 patients had erosion (outcome 3). Computer-assisted data screening and multivariate analytic technics were employed to derive a simple index from entry data which correlated closely with the patients' subsequent articular course. The index included six entry items: positive rhematoid factor; two or more swollen upper extremity joints on examination (2 points each); history of Raynaud's-like symptoms; malaise or weakness at the onset of arthritis; white race and female sex (1 point each). This index was 80 per cent accurate over-all in classifying patients into the three mutually exclusive articular outcome categories. Zero to 2 points on entry predicted no swelling, 3 to 5 points swelling without erosion and 6 to 8 points the development of bony erosion. Although results must be qualified to this patient population in the early stages of disease, the analytic approaches developed promise to assist with a broad range of clinical research and medical care delivery problems.
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187
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188
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McConkey B, Amos RS, Butler EP, Crockson RA, Crockson AP, Walsh L. Salazopyrin in rheumatoid arthritis. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1978; 8:438-41. [PMID: 28650 DOI: 10.1007/bf01968673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After a 12-week preliminary period of observation 32 patients with consistently active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated for up to 22 weeks with salazopyrin. Seven patients could not tolerate the drug. The remaining 25 patients had a marked improvement in subjective clinical state and significant falls in serum C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate 6 weeks after treatment began. The improvement was maintained after 22 weeks. The results strongly suggest that further trials with this drug in RA are needed.
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189
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Whitehouse MW. Some chemical aspects of inflammation: a brief overview. AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1978; 8 Suppl 1:89-93. [PMID: 281927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1978.tb04793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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190
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Crockson AP, Crockson RA, McConkey B. C-reactive protein in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1978; 21:491. [PMID: 656165 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780210415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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191
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Pepys MB, Dash AC, Markham RE, Thomas HC, Williams BD, Petrie A. Comparative clinical study of protein SAP (amyloid P component) and C-reactive protein in serum. Clin Exp Immunol 1978; 32:119-24. [PMID: 668189 PMCID: PMC1541304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum concentration of protein SAP (amyloid P component) has been measured for the first time in a substantial series of normal individuals and patients with various diseases, and the results contrasted with the levels of the related protein C-reactive protein (CRP). The mean +/- s.d. concentration of protein SAP was 43 +/- 14 microgram/ml in seventy-six normal men, 33 +/- 10 microgram/ml in eighty-six normal women and 4 +/- 2 microgram/ml in thirty-six normal cord sera. Unlike CRP, whick is a major acute phase reactant, protein SAP was only slightly elevated in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases in which CRP was greatly increased. The level of protein SAP was significantly depressed in patients with hepatic disease, suggesting that its measurement might be of value in their management.
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192
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Mäkelä P, Haataja M. Soft tissue radiography for evaluating clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA RADIOLOGICA: DIAGNOSIS 1978; 19:389-400. [PMID: 676798 DOI: 10.1177/028418517801900214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The value of soft tissue radiography in assessing the activity of rheumatoid arthritis was investigated in 67 patients and correlated to the clinical activity of the disease. Soft tissue radiography using a technique for mammary radiography was combined with immersion. Radiologically demonstrated periarticular oedema was most closely correlated to clinical activity. A close correlation also existed between soft tissue radiographic lesions and 99Tcm accumulation in hands.
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193
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Wollheim FA, Hanson A, Laurell CB. Chloroquine treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Correlation of clinical response to plasma protein changes and chloroquine levels. Scand J Rheumatol 1978; 7:171-6. [PMID: 364636 DOI: 10.3109/03009747809095649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
15 patients with active RA were observed over a 3-month period after starting chloroquine treatment. Clinical condition, plasma levels of chloroquine and levels of 15 individual plasma proteins were checked monthly. Nine patients responded favourably to therapy, 6 failed to respond. The responders had lower initial CRP, orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin levels, whereas their IgA and IgM levels were slightly elevated. Significant reductions in the levels of CRP, haptoglobin, orosomucoid, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin occurred in the responder group of patients. Alfa1-antitrypsin, antichymotrypsin C3 and C4 levels within the normal range were frequently encountered despite other clear-cut signs of activity. The chloroquine levels did not differ between responders and non-responders, the mean concentrations being 1.04 and 1.6 micromol/l respectively. This study has also demonstrated that in selected cases, despite active joint disease, all acute phase proteins may be normal. Finally, it was obvious that chloroquine, even when inducing remission, only brought about a partial normalization of the plasma protein pattern.
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