151
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Nunes SC, Serpa J. Recycling the Interspecific Relations with Epithelial Cells: Bacteria and Cancer Metabolic Symbiosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:77-91. [PMID: 32130694 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several aspects of the human physiology are controlled by the microbiota that plays a key role in health and disease. In fact, microbial dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including several types of cancer such as colon, gastric, esophageal, pancreatic, laryngeal, breast and gallbladder carcinomas.Metabolic symbiosis between non-malignant cells and the resident microbita is crucial for the host homeostasis. However, cancer cells are able to repurpose the pre-existing metabolic symbiosis, being able to recycle those relations and also create novel metabolic symbiosis, leading to profound alterations on the local microenvironment.In here we will explore some of these symbiotic metabolic interactions between bacteria and non-malignant cells in two different contexts: colon and uterine cervix. The way malignant cells are able to recycle these normal interactions and also create novel types of symbiotic metabolic relations will also be discussed.The knowledge of these complex interactions and recycling mechanisms is of extreme importance for cancer treatment, as new therapeutic targets could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C Nunes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisbon, Portugal.
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152
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Song M, Chan AT, Sun J. Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:322-340. [PMID: 31586566 PMCID: PMC6957737 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have discovered associations between elements of the intestinal microbiome (including specific microbes, signaling pathways, and microbiota-related metabolites) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to the development of sporadic CRC or result from it. Changes in the intestinal microbiome can mediate or modify the effects of environmental factors on risk of CRC. Factors that affect risk of CRC also affect the intestinal microbiome, including overweight and obesity; physical activity; and dietary intake of fiber, whole grains, and red and processed meat. These factors alter microbiome structure and function, along with the metabolic and immune pathways that mediate CRC development. We review epidemiologic and laboratory evidence for the influence of the microbiome, diet, and environmental factors on CRC incidence and outcomes. Based on these data, features of the intestinal microbiome might be used for CRC screening and modified for chemoprevention and treatment. Integrated prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, Microbiology/Immunology, UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois.
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153
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Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:690-704. [PMID: 31554963 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of all new cancer cases globally. Located at close proximity to the colorectal epithelium, the gut microbiota comprises a large population of microorganisms that interact with host cells to regulate many physiological processes, such as energy harvest, metabolism and immune response. Sequencing studies have revealed microbial compositional and ecological changes in patients with CRC, whereas functional studies in animal models have pinpointed the roles of several bacteria in colorectal carcinogenesis, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and certain strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. These findings give new opportunities to take advantage of our knowledge on the gut microbiota for clinical applications, such as gut microbiota analysis as screening, prognostic or predictive biomarkers, or modulating microorganisms to prevent cancer, augment therapies and reduce adverse effects of treatment. This Review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the gut microbiota in colorectal neoplasia, including relevant mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential of utilizing the microbiota as CRC biomarkers, and the prospect for modulating the microbiota for CRC prevention or treatment. These scientific findings will pave the way to clinically translate the use of gut microbiota for CRC in the near future.
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154
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Shaikh FY, Gills JJ, Sears CL. Impact of the microbiome on checkpoint inhibitor treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:642-647. [PMID: 31597596 PMCID: PMC6838599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in multiple aspects of cancer development and treatment, specifically in response to checkpoint inhibitors. While checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment by producing durable anti-tumor responses, only a minority of patients respond to the available immunotherapy drugs and accurate, sensitive and specific microbiome predictors of response to treatment remain elusive. Additionally, the specific mechanisms linking the microbiome and host immunological responses remain unclear. In this review, we examine the evidence for the gut microbiome's association with anti-tumor responses to checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, we discuss the current evidence available from murine models seeking to explain the immunological mechanisms that may drive this process. While this work is promising in defining the impact of gut microbiota in cancer treatment, many unanswered questions indicate the need for additional human and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyza Y Shaikh
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA; Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joell J Gills
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA; Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, USA; Departments of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Departments of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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155
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Gut microbiota and cancer: How gut microbiota modulates activity, efficacy and toxicity of antitumoral therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 143:139-147. [PMID: 31634731 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Also, it modulates the activity, efficacy and toxicity of several chemotherapy agents, such as gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil, and target therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. More recently, accumulating data suggest that the composition of gut microbiota may also affect efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, the manipulation of gut microbiota through antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics or fecal transplantation has been investigating with the aim to improve efficacy and mitigate toxicity of anticancer drugs.
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156
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Carson TL, Little RB, Townsend S. Preliminary feasibility for recruiting and retaining black and white females to provide fecal samples for longitudinal research. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:43. [PMID: 31462930 PMCID: PMC6710875 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the associations between the gut microbiota and numerous health outcomes become more evident, it is important to conduct longitudinal microbiome research to advance the field beyond the identification of associations. It is also necessary to include individuals who have historically been underrepresented in biomedical research in longitudinal microbiome studies to better understand and eliminate racial/ethnic health disparities. This paper describes our experiences in recruiting and retaining participants for an ongoing, longitudinal microbiome study for which the main results will be reported at a later time. This article provides preliminary evidence of the feasibility of recruiting and retaining a racially diverse sample of females (97% completion for invited participants) for longitudinal microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Carson
- 1Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South MT 639, Birmingham, AL 35294-4410 USA.,2Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Rebecca B Little
- 3Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South MT 518K, Birmingham, AL 35294-4410 USA
| | - Sh'Nese Townsend
- 4Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South MT 518E, Birmingham, AL 35294-4410 USA
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157
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Verstraelen H. Of microbes and women: BRCA1, vaginal microbiota, and ovarian cancer. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20:1049-1051. [PMID: 31300206 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(19)30406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Verstraelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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