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Ding N, Li FH, Yao B, Mu YP, Zhao AZ. Reply to the comment. Gut 2020; 69:2259-2260. [PMID: 32276951 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Hong Li
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Ping Mu
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Allan Z Zhao
- The School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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152
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Tremellen K, Pearce K. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) as a potential cause of impaired spermatogenesis. Gut 2020; 69:2058-2059. [PMID: 32066624 PMCID: PMC7569372 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia .,Repromed Ltd, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karma Pearce
- University of South Australia Division of Health Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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153
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Medina-Reyes EI, Delgado-Buenrostro NL, Díaz-Urbina D, Rodríguez-Ibarra C, Déciga-Alcaraz A, González MI, Reyes JL, Villamar-Duque TE, Flores-Sánchez ML, Hernández-Pando R, Mancilla-Díaz JM, Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) induces anxiety, adenomas in colon and goblet cells hyperplasia in a regular diet model and microvesicular steatosis in a high fat diet model. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111786. [PMID: 33038453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) is a white additive widely used in solid and liquid food products. There is still debate about E171 toxic effects after oral consumption since this additive is deposited in colon, liver, spleen, testis and brain. The consumption of E171 commonly occurs with Western diets that are characterized by a high fat content. Thus, E171 could worsen adverse effects associated with a high fat diet (HFD) such as anxiety, colon diseases and testicular damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of E171 on anxiety-like behavior, colon, liver and testis and to analyze if the administration of a HFD could exacerbate adverse effects. E171 was administered at ~5 mg/kgbw by drinking water for 16 weeks and mice were fed with a Regular Diet or a HFD. E171 promoted anxiety, induced adenomas in colon, goblet cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia and mucins overexpression, but had no toxic effects on testicular tissue or spermatozoa in regular diet fed-mice. Additionally, E171 promoted microvesicular steatosis in liver in HFD fed-mice and the only HFD administration decreased the spermatozoa concentration and motility. In conclusion, E171 administration increases the number of adenomas in colon, induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia in goblet cells and microvesicular steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany I Medina-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Norma L Delgado-Buenrostro
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Díaz-Urbina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Ibarra
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Déciga-Alcaraz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol I González
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Tomás E Villamar-Duque
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Lo Flores-Sánchez
- Bioterio de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, CP 14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan M Mancilla-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Alimentación. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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154
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Marco-Jiménez F, Borrás S, Garcia-Dominguez X, D'Auria G, Vicente JS, Marin C. Roles of host genetics and sperm microbiota in reproductive success in healthy rabbit. Theriogenology 2020; 158:416-423. [PMID: 33039925 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of sperm microbiota and sperm quality have been described previously, recent studies provide evidence that female genital modifications triggered by seminal components could be of significant importance to identify some disturbances associated with fertility. So, sperm microbiota could play a key role in sperm quality, contributing to fertilisation. To understand how sperm microbiota diversity is influenced by the host genetics, the symbiotic bacteria in four inbred lines raised in the same animal facility and their effects on sperm quality and fertility were analysed. Forty healthy rabbits from four selected Spanish commercial lines were used in this research (three based on litter performance, designated A, V and LP, and one selected for daily body weight gain, called R). Significant variations in the seminal concentration, morphology and some motion parameters were found among inbred lines, but sperm motility and viability were similar among inbred lines. After mating, inbred lines selected for litter size had the same fertility rate, significantly higher than inbred line selected for body weight (82 ± 3.3%, 79 ± 3.5% and 89 ± 4.5% versus 61 ± 3.7%, for the A, V and LP vs R lines, respectively, p < 0.05). Bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes were identified in sperm microbiota. At genus level, the bacterial community composition in the sperm microbiota was influenced by host genetics. A total of 35, 16, 34, and 51 genera were accurately detected in the A, V, LP, and R lines, respectively. Moreover, Enhydrobacter, Ferruginibacter, Myroides Paracoccus, Rheinheimera, Tepidiphilus, Tetradesmus obliquus and Thauera genera were present only in the inbred lines selected for litter size. Moreover, the discriminant analysis revealed Lysinibacillus and Flavobacterium genera as potential biomarkers for fertility. Thus, these two genera may play a key role in fertility. Our results demonstrated the existence of a rabbit inbred line-specific variation in bacterial occurrence in sperm microbiota. Moreover, fertility differentials among inbred lines that were not predicted by routine semen analysis could be partly explained by the symbiotic state of the semen microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Marco-Jiménez
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Sara Borrás
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Ximo Garcia-Dominguez
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Servicio de Secuenciación y Bioinformática, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO-Salud Pública), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Salvador Vicente
- Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario S/n, 46113, Moncada, Spain.
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155
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Zhang X, Cui W, Wang K, Chen R, Chen M, Lan K, Wei Y, Pan C, Lan X. Chlorpyrifos inhibits sperm maturation and induces a decrease in mouse male fertility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109785. [PMID: 32798940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides, especially organophosphorus pesticides such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), play an important role in modern agriculture. Studies have shown that pesticide residues are an important cause of male reproductive injury in mammal. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive damage caused by CPF in male mice and investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were treated with CPF for 14, 70, and 80 days by intraperitoneal injection, intragastric administration, and dietary supplementation, respectively. Then, sperm from the cauda epididymidis was cultured in vitro to confirm the deleterious effects of CPF. RESULTS The in vivo results indicated that, after treatment with CPF by dietary supplementation and intraperitoneal injection, the expression of reproduction-related genes in the mouse testes was altered, although the mice were fertile and the testes presented no morphological abnormalities. Notably, mating experiments revealed that the fertility of male mice was decreased following CPF administration by gavage. Sperm motility within the cauda epididymidis declined significantly after CPF treatment, which was accompanied by a decrease in sperm density, upregulation of relative reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and downregulation of glutathione reductase activity. In vitro incubation experiments showed that sperm rapidly lost their capacity for linear movement; the relative ROS levels also increased significantly, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) showed a significant decrease. However, the integrity of the plasma membrane was not affected by CPF administration. CONCLUSIONS The above data indicated that exposure to CPF reduces sperm motility by disrupting mitochondrial function and increasing the level of oxidative stress during sperm maturation, thereby reducing the fecundity of male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenbo Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Kangshu Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yanpei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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156
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Zhang P, Liu J, Xiong B, Zhang C, Kang B, Gao Y, Li Z, Ge W, Cheng S, Hao Y, Shen W, Yu S, Chen L, Tang X, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Microbiota from alginate oligosaccharide-dosed mice successfully mitigated small intestinal mucositis. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:112. [PMID: 32711581 PMCID: PMC7382812 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence of cancer and intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics are causing worldwide concern. Many approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been used to minimize mucositis. However, it is still unknown whether FMT from a donor with beneficial gut microbiota results in more effective intestinal function in the recipient. Recently, we found that alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) benefit murine gut microbiota through increasing "beneficial" microbes to rescue busulfan induced mucositis. RESULTS In the current investigation, FMT from AOS-dosed mice improved small intestine function over FMT from control mice through the recovery of gene expression and an increase in the levels of cell junction proteins. FMT from AOS-dosed mice showed superior benefits over FMT from control mice on recipient gut microbiotas through an increase in "beneficial" microbes such as Leuconostocaceae and recovery in blood metabolome. Furthermore, the correlation of gut microbiota and blood metabolites suggested that the "beneficial" microbe Lactobacillales helped with the recovery of blood metabolites, while the "harmful" microbe Mycoplasmatales did not. CONCLUSION The data confirm our hypothesis that FMT from a donor with superior microbes leads to a more profound recovery of small intestinal function. We propose that gut microbiota from naturally produced AOS-treated donor may be used to prevent small intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics or other factors in recipients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- University Research Core, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohui Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Beining Kang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Gao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengkuan Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunfeng Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Urology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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157
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Diet and Nutritional Factors in Male (In)fertility-Underestimated Factors. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051400. [PMID: 32397485 PMCID: PMC7291266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In up to 50% of cases, infertility issues stem solely from the male. According to some data, the quality of human semen has deteriorated by 50%–60% over the last 40 years. A high-fat diet and obesity, resulting from an unhealthy lifestyle, affects the structure of spermatozoa, but also the development of offspring and their health in later stages of life. In obese individuals, disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are observed, as well as elevated oestrogen levels with a simultaneous decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Healthy dietary models clearly correlate with better sperm quality and a smaller risk of abnormalities in parameters such as sperm count, sperm concentration and motility, and lower sperm DNA fragmentation. Apart from mineral components such as zinc and selenium, the role of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins should be emphasized, since their action will be primarily based on the minimization of oxidative stress and the inflammation process. Additionally, the incorporation of carnitine supplements and coenzyme Q10 in therapeutic interventions also seems promising. Therefore, it is advisable to have a varied and balanced diet based on vegetables and fruit, fish and seafood, nuts, seeds, whole-grain products, poultry, and low-fat dairy products.
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158
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Ma J, Chen Q, Wang S, Ma R, Jing J, Yang Y, Feng Y, Zou Z, Zhang Y, Ge X, Xue T, Liang K, Cao S, Wang D, Chen L, Yao B. Mitochondria-related miR-574 reduces sperm ATP by targeting ND5 in aging males. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8321-8338. [PMID: 32381753 PMCID: PMC7244036 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Couples are delaying childbearing in recent decades. While women experience a notable decrease in oocyte production in their late thirties, the effect of advanced paternal age on reproduction is incompletely understood. Herein, we observed that numerous miRNAs, including miR-574, increased in the sperm of aging males, as indicated by high-throughput sequencing. We demonstrated that miR-574 was upregulated in the sperm of two aging mouse models and was related to inferior sperm motility as an adverse predictor. Moreover, we proved that miR-574 suppressed mitochondrial function and reduced cellular ATP production in GC2 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-574 regulated mitochondrial function by directly targeting mt-ND5. Our study revealed an important role of miR-574 in sperm function in aging males and provided a fresh view to comprehend the aging process in sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rujun Ma
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Jing
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuming Feng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichuan Zou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xie Ge
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongmin Xue
- Jinling Hospital Department Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuan Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Cao
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, China.,Jinling Hospital Department Reproductive Medical Center, Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
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