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IL-4/STAT6 signaling facilitates innate hematoma resolution and neurological recovery after hemorrhagic stroke in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32679-32690. [PMID: 33293423 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018497117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke affecting millions of people worldwide. Parenchymal hematoma triggers a series of reactions leading to primary and secondary brain injuries and permanent neurological deficits. Microglia and macrophages carry out hematoma clearance, thereby facilitating functional recovery after ICH. Here, we elucidate a pivotal role for the interleukin (IL)-4)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) axis in promoting long-term recovery in both blood- and collagenase-injection mouse models of ICH, through modulation of microglia/macrophage functions. In both ICH models, STAT6 was activated in microglia/macrophages (i.e., enhanced expression of phospho-STAT6 in Iba1+ cells). Intranasal delivery of IL-4 nanoparticles after ICH hastened STAT6 activation and facilitated hematoma resolution. IL-4 treatment improved long-term functional recovery in young and aged male and young female mice. In contrast, STAT6 knockout (KO) mice exhibited worse outcomes than WT mice in both ICH models and were less responsive to IL-4 treatment. The construction of bone marrow chimera mice demonstrated that STAT6 KO in either the CNS or periphery exacerbated ICH outcomes. STAT6 KO impaired the capacity of phagocytes to engulf red blood cells in the ICH brain and in primary cultures. Transcriptional analyses identified lower level of IL-1 receptor-like 1 (ST2) expression in microglia/macrophages of STAT6 KO mice after ICH. ST2 KO diminished the beneficial effects of IL-4 after ICH. Collectively, these data confirm the importance of IL-4/STAT6/ST2 signaling in hematoma resolution and functional recovery after ICH. Intranasal IL-4 treatment warrants further investigation as a clinically feasible therapy for ICH.
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152
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Buch S, Subramanian K, Jella PK, Chen Y, Wu Z, Shah K, Bernitsas E, Ge Y, Haacke EM. Revealing vascular abnormalities and measuring small vessel density in multiple sclerosis lesions using USPIO. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 29:102525. [PMID: 33338965 PMCID: PMC7750444 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, inflammatory, neuro-degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by a wide range of histopathological features including vascular abnormalities. In this study, an ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast agent, Ferumoxytol, was administered to induce an increase in susceptibility for both arteries and veins to help better reveal the cerebral microvasculature. The purpose of this work was to examine the presence of vascular abnormalities and vascular density in MS lesions using high-resolution susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). METHODS Six subjects with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS, age = 47.3 ± 11.8 years with 3 females and 3 males) and fourteen age-matched healthy controls were scanned at 3 T with SWI acquired before and after the infusion of Ferumoxytol. Composite data was generated by registering the FLAIR data to the high resolution SWI data in order to highlight the vascular information in MS lesions. Both the central vein sign (CVS) and, a new measure, the multiple vessel sign (MVS) were identified, along with any vascular abnormalities, in the lesions on pre- and post-contrast SWI-FLAIR fusion data. The small vessel density within the periventricular normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and the periventricular lesions were compared for all subjects. RESULTS Averaged across two independent raters, a total of 530 lesions were identified across all patients. The total number of lesions with vascularity on pre- and post-contrast data were 287 and 488, respectively. The lesions with abnormal vascular behavior were broken up into following categories: small lesions appearing only at the vessel boundary; dilated vessels within the lesions; and developmental venous angiomas. These vessel abnormalities observed within lesions increased from 55 on pre-contrast data to 153 on post-contrast data. Finally, across all the patients, the periventricular lesional vessel density was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the periventricular NAWM. CONCLUSIONS By inducing a super-paramagnetic susceptibility in the blood using Ferumoxytol, the vascular abnormalities in the RRMS patients were revealed and small vessel densities were obtained. This approach has the potential to monitor the venous vasculature present in MS lesions, catalogue their characteristics and compare the vascular structures spatially to the presence of lesions. These enhanced vascular features may provide new insight into the pathophysiology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Buch
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Pavan K Jella
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kamran Shah
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Yulin Ge
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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153
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Value of susceptibility-weighted imaging for the assessment of angle measurements reflecting hip morphology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20899. [PMID: 33262372 PMCID: PMC7708417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiographs are the clinical first line imaging modality for evaluating hip morphology and pathology. MRI offers additional information and is the method of choice to evaluate soft tissue, bone marrow and preradiographic signs of osteoarthritis. Radiographs are used to measure the most morphometric parameters. The aim of this study was to compare susceptibility weighted MRI (SWMR) with radiographs to evaluate hip morphology. 40 Patients were examined with standard MR-sequences, coronal SWMR and radiographs in anteroposterior pelvic view. Coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of both hips were automatically reconstructed on SWMR and T1weighted images. Sharp´s angle, Tönnis angle, lateral center–edge angle of Wiberg and caput-collum-diaphyseal angle were measured on coronal SWMR MIP-images, T1weighted MIP-images and radiographs. Measurements were compared by linear regression analysis and Bland-Altmann Plots, using radiographs as reference standard. Additionally, a ratio between the signal intensity of muscles and bone on SWMR and T1weighted MIP-images was calculated and compared between these two sequences. SWMR enables the reliable assessment of Sharp´s angle (SWMR: R2 = 0.80; T1weighted: R2 = 0.37), Tönnis angle (SWMR: R2 = 0.86; T1weighted: not measurable), lateral center–edge angle of Wiberg (SWMR: R2 = 0.88; T1weighted: R2 = 0.40) and caput-collum-diaphyseal angle (SWMR: R2 = 0.38; T1weighted: R2 = 0.18) compared to radiographs with a higher accuracy than conventional MR imaging. The ratio between the intensity of muscles and bone was significant higher on SWMR (2.00 and 2.02) than on T1weighted MIP-images (1.6 and 1.42; p < 0.001).
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154
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Tissue-Specific Ferritin- and GFP-Based Genetic Vectors Visualize Neurons by MRI in the Intact and Post-Ischemic Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238951. [PMID: 33255702 PMCID: PMC7728074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neurogenesis is considered to be a potential brain repair mechanism and is enhanced in stroke. It is difficult to reconstruct the neurogenesis process only from the histological sections taken from different animals at different stages of brain damage and restoration. Study of neurogenesis would greatly benefit from development of tissue-specific visualization probes. (2) Purpose: The study aimed to explore if overexpression of ferritin, a nontoxic iron-binding protein, under a doublecortin promoter can be used for non-invasive visualization of neurogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (3) Methods: Ferritin heavy chain (FerrH) was expressed in the adeno-associated viral backbone (AAV) under the doublecortin promoter (pDCX), specific for young neurons, in the viral construct AAV-pDCX-FerrH. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was used as an expression control (AAV-pDCX-eGFP). The viral vectors or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected intracerebrally into 18 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Three days before injection, rats underwent transient middle-cerebral-artery occlusion or sham operation. Animals were subjected to In vivo MRI study before surgery and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injection using a Bruker BioSpec 11.7 T scanner. Brain sections obtained on day 28 after injection were immunostained for ferritin, young (DCX) and mature (NeuN) neurons, and activated microglia/macrophages (CD68). Additionally, RT-PCR was performed to confirm ferritin expression. (4) Results: T2* images in post-ischemic brains of animals injected with AAV-pDCX-FerrH showed two distinct zones of MRI signal hypointensity in the ipsilesioned hemisphere starting from 14 days after viral injection—in the ischemic lesion and near the lateral ventricle and subventricular zone (SVZ). In sham-operated animals, only one zone of hypointensity near the lateral ventricle and SVZ was revealed. Immunochemistry showed that ferritin-expressing cells in ischemic lesions were macrophages (88.1%), while ferritin-expressing cells near the lateral ventricle in animals both after ischemia and sham operation were mostly mature (55.7% and 61.8%, respectively) and young (30.6% and 7.1%, respectively) neurons. RT-PCR confirmed upregulated expression of ferritin in the caudoputamen and corpus callosum. Surprisingly, in animals injected with AAV-pDCX-eGFP we similarly observed two zones of hypointensity on T2* images. Cellular studies also showed the presence of mature (81.5%) and young neurons (6.1%) near the lateral ventricle in both postischemic and sham-operated animals, while macrophages in ischemic lesions were ferritin-positive (98.2%). (5) Conclusion: Ferritin overexpression induced by injection of AAV-pDCX-FerrH was detected by MRI using T2*-weighted images, which was confirmed by immunochemistry showing ferritin in young and mature neurons. Expression of eGFP also caused a comparable reduced MR signal intensity in T2*-weighted images. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential and tissue-specific features of the use of eGFP and ferritin expression in MRI studies.
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Csapo R, Juras V, Heinzle B, Trattnig S, Fink C. Compositional MRI of the anterior cruciate ligament of professional alpine ski racers: preliminary report on seasonal changes and load sensitivity. Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:64. [PMID: 33230703 PMCID: PMC7683641 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-020-00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate potential changes in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) structure of alpine ski racers over the course of an entire season using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (T2* mapping). The dominant legs of three alpine ski racers were examined on a 3-T MR scanner four times at 3-month intervals. Multi-echo sequences for T2* maps, which were coregistered with high-resolution morphological sequences for reproducible definition of ACL regions of interest, were acquired. Means and standard deviations of T2* values from the central and femoral portion of the ACL were extracted and presented in a descriptive manner. T2* values were subject to seasonal changes, which were most pronounced in the ligament central region. Substantial increases (+ 41%) occurred between the measurements taken in January and April. A partial recovery of T2* (-19%) was observed in the July follow-up. The increased T2* times may reflect decreased stress tolerance and increased susceptibility for fatigue tears at the end of the competitive season. Further research in larger samples is required. The likeliness of ACL tears may depend on the precedent history of mechanical loading and vary in professional athletes over the course of the competitive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, ISAG, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, A-6060, Austria
| | - Vladimir Juras
- Highfield MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Highfield MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,CD Laboratory for Molecular Clinical MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Fink
- Research Unit for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, ISAG, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, A-6060, Austria.,Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria
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In vivo hypoxia characterization using blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging in a preclinical glioblastoma mouse model. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 76:52-60. [PMID: 33220448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia measurements can provide crucial information regarding tumor aggressiveness, however current preclinical approaches are limited. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has the potential to continuously monitor tumor pathophysiology (including hypoxia). The aim of this preliminary work was to develop and evaluate BOLD MRI followed by post-image analysis to identify regions of hypoxia in a murine glioblastoma (GBM) model. METHODS A murine orthotopic GBM model (GL261-luc2) was used and independent images were generated from multiple slices in four different mice. Image slices were randomized and split into training and validation cohorts. A 7 T MRI was used to acquire anatomical images using a fast-spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted sequence. BOLD images were taken with a T2*-weighted gradient echo (GRE) and an oxygen challenge. Thirteen images were evaluated in a training cohort to develop the MRI sequence and optimize post-image analysis. An in-house MATLAB code was used to evaluate MR images and generate hypoxia maps for a range of thresholding and ΔT2* values, which were compared against respective pimonidazole sections to optimize image processing parameters. The remaining (n = 6) images were used as a validation group. Following imaging, mice were injected with pimonidazole and collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). A test of correlation (Pearson's coefficient) and agreement (Bland-Altman plot) were conducted to evaluate the respective MRI slices and pimonidazole IHC sections. RESULTS For the training cohort, the optimized parameters of "thresholding" (20 ≤ T2* ≤ 35 ms) and ΔT2* (±4 ms) yielded a Pearson's correlation of 0.697. These parameters were applied to the validation cohort confirming a strong Pearson's correlation (0.749) when comparing the respective analyzed MR and pimonidazole images. CONCLUSION Our preliminary study supports the hypothesis that BOLD MRI is correlated with pimonidazole measurements of hypoxia in an orthotopic GBM mouse model. This technique has further potential to monitor hypoxia during tumor development and therapy.
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157
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Bulk M, Hegeman-Kleinn I, Kenkhuis B, Suidgeest E, van Roon-Mom W, Lewerenz J, van Duinen S, Ronen I, van der Weerd L. Pathological characterization of T2*-weighted MRI contrast in the striatum of Huntington's disease patients. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102498. [PMID: 33395988 PMCID: PMC7677121 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous MRI studies consistently reported iron accumulation within the striatum of patients with Huntington's disease (HD). However, the pattern and origin of iron accumulation is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the histopathological correlates of iron-sensitive ex vivo MRI contrast change in HD brains. To this end, T2*-weighted 7T MRI was performed on postmortem tissue of the striatum of three control subjects and 10 HD patients followed by histological examination. In addition, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material of three control subjects and 14 HD patients was selected for only histology to identify the cellular localization of iron using stainings for iron, myelin, microglia and astrocytes. As expected HD striata showed prominent atrophy. Compared to controls, the striatum of HD patients was in general more hypointense on T2*-weighted high-field MRI and showed a more intense histopathological staining for iron. In addition, T2*-weighted MRI identified large focal hypointensities within the striatum of HD patients. Upon histological examination, these large focal hypointensities frequently colocalized with enlarged perivascular spaces and iron was found within the vessel wall and reactive astrocytes. In conclusion, we show that the striatum of HD patients has a distinctive phenotype on T2*-weighted MRI compared to control subjects. On ex vivo MRI, these contrast changes are heavily biased by enlarged perivascular spaces from which it is currently unknown whether this is a fixation artefact or a disease specific observation. Clinically, the observation of iron within reactive astrocytes is of importance for the interpretation and understanding of the potential underlying mechanisms of T2*-weighted MRI results in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Bulk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Boyd Kenkhuis
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willeke van Roon-Mom
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sjoerd van Duinen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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158
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Abstract
The habenula plays an important role in brain reward circuitry and psychiatric conditions. While much work has been done on the function and structure of the habenula in animal models, in vivo imaging studies of the human habenula have been relatively scarce due to its small size, deep brain location, and lack of clear biomarkers for its heterogeneous substructure. In this paper, we report high-resolution (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.8 mm3) MRI of the human habenula with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 3 T. By analyzing 48 scan datasets collected from 21 healthy subjects, we found that magnetic susceptibility contrast is highly non-uniform within the habenula and across the subjects. In particular, we observed high prevalence of elevated susceptibility in the posterior subregion of the habenula. Correlation analysis between the susceptibility and the effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) indicated that localized susceptibility enhancement in the habenula is more associated with increased paramagnetic (such as iron) rather than decreased diamagnetic (such as myelin) sources. Our results suggest that high-resolution QSM could make a potentially useful tool for substructure-resolved in vivo habenula imaging, and provide a groundwork for the future development of magnetic susceptibility as a quantitative biomarker for human habenula studies.
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159
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Rudilosso S, Olivera M, Esteller D, Laredo C, Amaro S, Llull L, Renú A, Obach V, Vera V, Rodríguez A, Blasco J, López-Rueda A, Urra X, Chamorro Á. Susceptibility Vessel Sign in Deep Perforating Arteries in Patients with Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105415. [PMID: 33142246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) are considered an acute manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease. Paramagnetic signals in perforating arteries supplying RSSI may be detected on T2*-relaxation derived sequences on MRI and is defined as susceptibility vessel sign (SVS). We aimed to study the prevalence of SVS in patients with RSSI, and explore whether its identification is related to cerebral small vessel disease markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected patients with RSSI identified on MRI during admission from a single-center stroke registry. The main demographic and clinical features, including vascular risk factors, were collected. Radiological features of RSSI and cerebral small vessel disease [white matter hyperintensities in deep and periventricular regions, enlarged perivascular spaces, lacunae, microbleeds, and brain atrophy] were described using validated qualitative scores. The presence of SVS was assessed on T2*gradient-echo or other susceptibility-weighted imaging. We compared the clinical and radiological features of patients with or without SVS in uni- and multivariate models. RESULTS Out of 210 patients with an RSSI on an MRI, 35 (17%) showed SVS. The proportion of SVS+ patients was similar in different susceptibility imaging modalities (p=.64). Risk factor profiles and clinical course were similar in SVS+ and SVS- patients. SVS+ patients had a higher grade of deep white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy, more lacunae (p=.001, p=.034, p=.022, respectively), and a similar degree of the rest of radiological variables, compared to SVS- patients. In the multivariate analysis, the grade of deep white matter hyperintensities was the only independent factor associated with SVS [OR 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5-6.4)]. CONCLUSIONS SVS in patients with RSSI is uncommon and related to a higher grade of deep white matter hyperintensities. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the deposition of hemosiderin in the path of occluded perforating arteries are uncertain and might include endothelial dysfunction or embolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Rudilosso
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Olivera
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Esteller
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Laredo
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Amaro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Llull
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Renú
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Obach
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Vera
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blasco
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Rueda
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xabier Urra
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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160
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Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is a unique imaging modality, which provides accurate noninvasive tissue characterization. Various CMR sequences can be utilized to identify and quantify patterns of myocardial edema, fibrosis, and infiltrates, which are important determinants for diagnosis and prognostication of heart failure. This article describes available methods of tissue characterization imaging applied in CMR. The presence and patterns of abnormal tissue characterization are related to common etiologies of heart failure and the techniques employed to demonstrate this. CMR provides the opportunity to identify the etiology of heart failure based on the recognition of different patterns of myocardial abnormalities.
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161
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Demirkiran A, Everaars H, Amier RP, Beijnink C, Bom MJ, Götte MJW, van Loon RB, Selder JL, van Rossum AC, Nijveldt R. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for tissue characterization after acute myocardial injury. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 20:723-734. [PMID: 31131401 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual incidence of hospital admission for acute myocardial infarction lies between 90 and 312 per 100 000 inhabitants in Europe. Despite advances in patient care 1 year mortality after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains around 10%. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has emerged as a robust imaging modality for assessing patients after acute myocardial injury. In addition to accurate assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes, CMR offers the unique ability of visualization of myocardial injury through a variety of imaging techniques such as late gadolinium enhancement and T2-weighted imaging. Furthermore, new parametric mapping techniques allow accurate quantification of myocardial injury and are currently being exploited in large trials aiming to augment risk management and treatment of STEMI patients. Of interest, CMR enables the detection of microvascular injury (MVI) which occurs in approximately 40% of STEMI patients and is a major independent predictor of mortality and heart failure. In this article, we review traditional and novel CMR techniques used for myocardial tissue characterization after acute myocardial injury, including the detection and quantification of MVI. Moreover, we discuss clinical scenarios of acute myocardial injury in which the tissue characterization techniques can be applied and we provide proposed imaging protocols tailored to each scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Demirkiran
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Everaars
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel P Amier
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casper Beijnink
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel J Bom
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco J W Götte
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon B van Loon
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper L Selder
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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162
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Foltz MH, O'Leary RM, Reader D, Rudolph NL, Schlitter KA, Ellermann J, Johnson CP, Polly DW, Ellingson AM. Quantifying the effect of posterior spinal instrumentation on the MRI signal of adjacent intervertebral discs. Spine Deform 2020; 8:845-851. [PMID: 32449035 PMCID: PMC7541587 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo porcine imaging study. OBJECTIVES Quantitatively evaluate change in MRI signal at the discs caudal to spinal fusion instrumentation. Individuals who receive posterior spinal instrumentation are at risk of developing accelerated disc degeneration at adjacent levels. Degeneration is associated with a loss of biochemical composition and mechanical integrity of the disc, which can be noninvasively assessed through quantitative T2* (qT2*) MRI techniques. However, qT2* is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility introduced by metal. METHODS Nine ex vivo porcine lumbar specimens were imaged with 3 T MRI. Fast spin-echo T2-weighted (T2w) images and gradient-echo qT2* maps were acquired, both without and with posterior spinal fusion instrumentation. Average T2* relaxation times of the nuclei pulposi (NP) were measured at the adjacent and sub-adjacent discs and measurements were compared using t tests before and after instrumentation. The size of the signal void and metal artifact were determined (modified ASTM F2119-07) within the vertebral body and spinal cord for both MRI sequences. The relationship between T2* signal loss and distance from the instrumentation was evaluated using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS There was no significant difference between adjacent and sub-adjacent NP T2* relaxation time prior to instrumentation (p = 0.86). Following instrumentation, there was a significant decrease in the T2* relaxation time at the adjacent NP (average = 20%, p = 0.02), and no significant difference at the sub-adjacent NP (average = - 3%, p = 0.30). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between signal loss and distance to disc (r = - 0.61, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Spinal fusion instrumentation interferes with T2* relaxation time measurements at the adjacent disc but not at the sub-adjacent discs. However, there is sufficient signal at the adjacent disc to quantify changes in the T2* relaxation time following spinal fusion. Hence, baseline MRI scan following spinal fusion surgery are required to interpret and track changes in disc health at the caudal discs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Foltz
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert M O'Leary
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Diana Reader
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas L Rudolph
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Krista A Schlitter
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jutta Ellermann
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Casey P Johnson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David W Polly
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Arin M Ellingson
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Steidle G, Schick F. A new concept for improved quantitative analysis of reversible transverse relaxation in tissues with variable microscopic field distribution. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1493-1506. [PMID: 33000529 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The intravoxel distribution of the magnetic field strongly influences signal dephasing after RF excitation and the resulting signal decay in gradient echo-based MRI. In this work, several different field distribution models were applied and tested for analysis of microscopic field characteristics within pixels. THEORY A flexible model for improved pixel-wise characterization of the underlying field distribution is introduced. The proposed symmetric alpha-stable (SαS) distribution covers Lorentzian, Gaussian, and intermediate field distributions in a continuous way using a two-parametric (width and shape) function. METHODS The new model was applied on human brain, potatoes (homogeneous isotropic tissue), and stems of pineapple (anisotropic fibrous tissue). Effects of microscopic structure and background gradients on the shape and the widths of the microscopic field distribution were analyzed using gradient echo sampling of the spin echo and multigradient-echo sequences. Effects of non-Lorentzian shapes of microscopic field distributions on the results of common T 2 ∗ measurements with mono-exponential fitting of signal values were tested. RESULTS Many pixels of the examined objects showed field characteristics in between Lorentzian and Gaussian shapes. Microscopic field inhomogeneities caused by microscopic susceptibility effects and background gradients sometimes led to rather Gaussian than Lorentzian field distribution. In cases with nearly Gaussian field distribution, mono-exponential fitting of the signal decay resulted in different T 2 ∗ values, depending on the sampling points. CONCLUSIONS Using the concept of more flexible distributions for characterization of microscopic susceptibility effects in tissue provides better fitting of data and nearly sampling point-independent results than common T 2 ∗ measurements with mono-exponential fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Steidle
- Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Isaacs BR, Keuken MC, Alkemade A, Temel Y, Bazin PL, Forstmann BU. Methodological Considerations for Neuroimaging in Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3124. [PMID: 32992558 PMCID: PMC7600568 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is a neurosurgical intervention for Parkinson's disease patients who no longer appropriately respond to drug treatments. A small fraction of patients will fail to respond to DBS, develop psychiatric and cognitive side-effects, or incur surgery-related complications such as infections and hemorrhagic events. In these cases, DBS may require recalibration, reimplantation, or removal. These negative responses to treatment can partly be attributed to suboptimal pre-operative planning procedures via direct targeting through low-field and low-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One solution for increasing the success and efficacy of DBS is to optimize preoperative planning procedures via sophisticated neuroimaging techniques such as high-resolution MRI and higher field strengths to improve visualization of DBS targets and vasculature. We discuss targeting approaches, MRI acquisition, parameters, and post-acquisition analyses. Additionally, we highlight a number of approaches including the use of ultra-high field (UHF) MRI to overcome limitations of standard settings. There is a trade-off between spatial resolution, motion artifacts, and acquisition time, which could potentially be dissolved through the use of UHF-MRI. Image registration, correction, and post-processing techniques may require combined expertise of traditional radiologists, clinicians, and fundamental researchers. The optimization of pre-operative planning with MRI can therefore be best achieved through direct collaboration between researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany R. Isaacs
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.-L.B.); (B.U.F.)
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Max C. Keuken
- Municipality of Amsterdam, Services & Data, Cluster Social, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Anneke Alkemade
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.-L.B.); (B.U.F.)
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Experimental Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.-L.B.); (B.U.F.)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birte U. Forstmann
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (P.-L.B.); (B.U.F.)
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Greer MLC, Cytter-Kuint R, Pratt LT, Soboleski D, Focht G, Castro DA. Clinical-stage Approaches for Imaging Chronic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1509-1523. [PMID: 32946578 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of imaging-based indices developed for inflammatory bowel disease as research tools, objectively measuring ileocolonic and perianal activity and treatment response, has expanded in the past 2 decades. Created primarily to assess Crohn's disease (CD), there is increasing adoption of these indices into the clinical realm to guide patient care. This translation has been facilitated by validation in adult and pediatric populations, prompted by simplification of score calculations needed for practical application outside the research environment. The majority of these indices utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), specifically MR enterography (MRE) and pelvic MRI, and more recently ultrasound. This review explores validated indices by modality, anatomic site and indication, including for documentation of the presence and extent of CD, disease progression, complications, and treatment response, highlighting those in clinical use or with the potential to be. As well, it details index imaging features used to quantify chronic inflammatory activity, severity, and to lesser extent fibrosis, in addition to their reference standards and any modifications. Validation in the pediatric population of indices primarily developed in adult cohorts such as the Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRIA), the Simplified Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MARIAs), and the MRE global score (MEGS), together with newly developed pediatric-specific indices, are discussed. Indices that may be predictive of disease course and investigational techniques with the potential to provide future imaging biomarkers, such as multiparametric MRI, are also briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Louise C Greer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Li-Tal Pratt
- Pediatric Imaging Unit, Imaging Division, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Don Soboleski
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gili Focht
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Denise A Castro
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Barquero G, La Rosa F, Kebiri H, Lu PJ, Rahmanzadeh R, Weigel M, Fartaria MJ, Kober T, Théaudin M, Du Pasquier R, Sati P, Reich DS, Absinta M, Granziera C, Maggi P, Bach Cuadra M. RimNet: A deep 3D multimodal MRI architecture for paramagnetic rim lesion assessment in multiple sclerosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102412. [PMID: 32961401 PMCID: PMC7509077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In multiple sclerosis (MS), the presence of a paramagnetic rim at the edge of non-gadolinium-enhancing lesions indicates perilesional chronic inflammation. Patients featuring a higher paramagnetic rim lesion burden tend to have more aggressive disease. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture (RimNet) for automated detection of paramagnetic rim lesions in MS employing multiple magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Imaging data were acquired at 3 Tesla on three different scanners from two different centers, totaling 124 MS patients, and studied retrospectively. Paramagnetic rim lesion detection was independently assessed by two expert raters on T2*-phase images, yielding 462 rim-positive (rim+) and 4857 rim-negative (rim-) lesions. RimNet was designed using 3D patches centered on candidate lesions in 3D-EPI phase and 3D FLAIR as input to two network branches. The interconnection of branches at both the first network blocks and the last fully connected layers favors the extraction of low and high-level multimodal features, respectively. RimNet's performance was quantitatively evaluated against experts' evaluation from both lesion-wise and patient-wise perspectives. For the latter, patients were categorized based on a clinically relevant threshold of 4 rim+ lesions per patient. The individual prediction capabilities of the images were also explored and compared (DeLong test) by testing a CNN trained with one image as input (unimodal). RESULTS The unimodal exploration showed the superior performance of 3D-EPI phase and 3D-EPI magnitude images in the rim+/- classification task (AUC = 0.913 and 0.901), compared to the 3D FLAIR (AUC = 0.855, Ps < 0.0001). The proposed multimodal RimNet prototype clearly outperformed the best unimodal approach (AUC = 0.943, P < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity achieved by RimNet (70.6% and 94.9%, respectively) are comparable to those of experts at the lesion level. In the patient-wise analysis, RimNet performed with an accuracy of 89.5% and a Dice coefficient (or F1 score) of 83.5%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed prototype showed promising performance, supporting the usage of RimNet for speeding up and standardizing the paramagnetic rim lesions analysis in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Barquero
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco La Rosa
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hamza Kebiri
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Po-Jui Lu
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reza Rahmanzadeh
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Weigel
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mário João Fartaria
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Théaudin
- Department of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Department of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Sati
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Maggi
- Department of Neurology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meritxell Bach Cuadra
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Laboratory (MIAL), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ludwig KD, Johnson CP, Zbýň Š, Nowacki A, Marette S, Takahashi T, Macalena JA, Nelson BJ, Tompkins MA, Carlson CS, Ellermann JM. MRI evaluation of articular cartilage in patients with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD) using T2∗ mapping at 3T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1235-1244. [PMID: 32278071 PMCID: PMC8576840 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate articular cartilage by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2∗ mapping within the distal femur and proximal tibia in adolescents with juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (JOCD). DESIGN JOCD imaging studies acquired between August 2011 and February 2019 with clinical and T2∗ mapping MRI knee images were retrospectively collected and analyzed for 31 participants (9F/22M, 15.0 ± 3.8 years old) with JOCD lesions in the medial femoral condyle (MFC). In total, N = 32 knees with JOCD lesions and N = 14 control knees were assessed. Mean T2∗ values in four articular cartilage regions-of-interest (MFC, lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial tibia (MT), and lateral tibia (LT)) and lesion volume were measured and analyzed using Wilcoxon-rank-sum tests and Spearman correlation coefficients (R). RESULTS Mean ± standard error T2∗ differences observed between the lesion-sided MFC and the LFC in JOCD-affected knees (28.5 ± 0.9 95% confidence interval [26.8, 30.3] vs 26.3 ± 0.7 [24.8, 27.7] ms, P = 0.088) and between the affected- and control-knee MFC (28.5 ± 0.9 [26.8, 30.3] vs 28.5 ± 0.6 [27.1, 29.9] ms, P = 0.719) were nonsignificant. T2∗ was significantly increased in the lesion-sided MT vs the LT for the JOCD-affected knees (21.5 ± 0.7 [20.1, 22.9] vs 18.0 ± 0.7 [16.5, 19.5] ms, P = 0.002), but this same difference was also observed between the MT and LT in control knees (21.0 ± 0.6 [19.7, 22.3] vs 18.1 ± 1.1 [15.8, 20.4] ms, P = 0.037). There was no significant T2∗ difference between the affected- and control-knee MT (21.5 ± 0.7 [20.1, 22.9] vs 21.0 ± 0.6 [19.7, 22.3] ms, P = 0.905). T2∗ within the lesion-sided MFC was not correlated with patient age (R = 0.20, P = 0.28) or lesion volume (R = 0.06, P = 0.75). T2∗ values were slightly increased near lesions in later-stage JOCD subjects but without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS T2∗ relaxations times were not significantly different from control sites in the articular cartilage overlying JOCD lesions in the MFC or adjacent MT cartilage in early-stage JOCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai D. Ludwig
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Corresponding Author Info: Jutta M. Ellermann, MD, PhD, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6th St SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 53705-2275. Telephone: 612-626-2001.
| | - Casey P. Johnson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Štefan Zbýň
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda Nowacki
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shelly Marette
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Macalena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Marc A. Tompkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jutta M. Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Raudner M, Schreiner MM, Weber M, Juras V, Stelzeneder D, Windhager R, Trattnig S. Compositional magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the intervertebral disc: Axial vs sagittal T 2 mapping. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2057-2064. [PMID: 32293737 PMCID: PMC7496420 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess T2 values of the lumbar intervertebral discs in the axial and sagittal plane views and assess their respective interobserver reliability. The lumbar intervertebral discs of 23 symptomatic patients (11 female; 12 male; mean age, 44.1 ± 10.6; range, 24-64 years) were examined at 3T. Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed on axial and sagittal T2 maps by two independent observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was assessed for every ROI. The interobserver agreement was excellent for the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the sagittal (0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.926-0.968) and axial (0.921; 95% CI, 0.845-0.955) planes. The posterior 20% region showed a higher ICC in the axial vs the sagittal assessment (0.845; 95% CI, 0.704-0.911 vs 0.819; 95% CI, 0.744-0.873). The same was true for the posterior 10%, with the axial ROI showing a higher ICC (0.923; 95% CI, 0.865-0.953 vs 0.628; 95% CI, 0.495-0.732). The intraobserver agreement was excellent for every ROI except the sagittal 10% region, which showed good performance (0.869; 95% CI, 0.813-0.909). The sagittal nucleus pulposus was the best-performing ROI with regard to intra- and interobserver agreement in the T2 assessment of the lumbar intervertebral disc. However, the axial NP showed more stable agreements overall and across the value range. In addition, the annular analysis showed better inter- and intraobserver agreement in the axial plane view. Clinical significance: Based on the presented analysis, we highly recommend that further studies use axial T2 mapping due to the higher intra- and interreader agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Raudner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MOLIMA), High Field MR CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Markus M. Schreiner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Vladimir Juras
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MOLIMA), High Field MR CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - David Stelzeneder
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryHanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MOLIMA), High Field MR CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Tangchitphisut P, Srikaew N, Phongkitkarun S, Jaovisidha S, Tawonsawatruk T. Using iron sucrose-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 1.5 and 3 T MRI tracking: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04582. [PMID: 32775748 PMCID: PMC7398940 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate iron sucrose labeling in mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) tracking. Background Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is a promising strategy for promoting musculoskeletal repair. Methods Iron sucrose-labeled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IS-labeled ASCs) were tracked using T2-and T2∗-weighted sequences by 1.5 and 3 T MRI in an in vitro model. ASCs were isolated from cosmetic liposuction specimens. ASCs from passages 4-6 were labeled with iron sucrose (Venofer®) which was added to the cell culture medium. Pre- and post-iron sucrose labeled ASCs were evaluated for cell surface immunophenotypes. Cell viability as well as chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of IS-labeled-ASCs were evaluated. The IS-labeled ASCs were titrated into microtubes at 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 cells/ml/microtube and their intensities were determined by 1.5 and 3T MRI using T2-and T2∗-weighted sequences. Results The expression markers of IS-labeled ASCs from flow cytometry were equivalent to control. The mean cell viability was 97.73 ± 2.06%. Cell differentiations of IS-labeled ASCs were confirmed in each lineage using specific staining solutions. T2∗-weighted sequences (T2∗) were able to detect iron sucrose labeled-ASCs at a minimum of 1 × 105 cells/ml/microtube using 1.5 and 3T MRI, but the detection sensitivity was lower with T2-weighted sequences (T2). Conclusions Iron sucrose incubation is a safe alternative method for ASCs labeling and tracking using MRI following treatment. Clinicians and researchers should be able to visualize the location of ASCs engraftment without secondary surgical investigation involving tissue sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sith Phongkitkarun
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand
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170
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Weston P, Morales C, Dunning M, Parry A, Carrera I. Susceptibility weighted imaging at 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in dogs: Comparison with T2*-weighted gradient echo sequence and its clinical indications. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:566-576. [PMID: 32663373 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a high resolution, fully velocity-compensated, three-dimensional gradient echo (GE) MRI technique. In humans, SWI has been reported to be more sensitive than T2*-weighted GE sequences in the identification of both intracranial hemorrhage and intra-vascular deoxyhemoglobin. However, published clinical studies comparing SWI to T2*-weighted GE sequences in dogs are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, observational study was to compare SWI and T2*-weighted GE sequences in a group of dogs with intracranial disease. Medical records were searched for dogs that underwent a brain MRI examination that included T2*-weighted GE and SWI sequences. The presence and appearance of non-vascular and vascular signal voids observed on T2*-weighted GE and SWI were compared. Thirty-two dogs were included with the following diagnoses: presumed and confirmed intracranial neoplasia (27), cerebrovascular accidents (3), and trauma (2). Hemorrhagic lesions were significantly more conspicuous on SWI than T2*-weighted GE sequences (P < .0001). Venous structures were well defined in all SWI sequences, and poorly defined in all dogs on T2*-weighted GE. Susceptibility weighted imaging enabled identification of vascular abnormalities in 30 of 32 (93.8%) dogs, including: neovascularization in 19 of 32 (59.4%) dogs, displacement of perilesional veins in five of 32 (15.6%) dogs, and apparent dilation of perilesional veins in 10 of 32 (31.3%) dogs. Presence of neovascularization was significantly associated with T1-weighted post-contrast enhancement (P = .0184). Hemorrhagic lesions and venous structures were more conspicuous on SWI compared to T2*-weighted GE sequences. Authors recommend adding SWI to standard brain protocols in dogs for detecting hemorrhage and identifying venous abnormalities for lesion characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Dunning
- Willows Referral Centre, Solihull, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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171
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Utrera Pérez E, Santos Armentia E, Silva Priegue N, Villanueva Campos A, Jurado Basildo C. Should susceptibility-weighted imaging be included in the basic protocol for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain? RADIOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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172
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Utrera Pérez E, Santos Armentia E, Silva Priegue N, Villanueva Campos A, Jurado Basildo C. ¿Se debe incluir la secuencia de susceptibilidad magnética en el protocolo de resonancia magnética cerebral básico? RADIOLOGIA 2020; 62:320-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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173
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John F, Robinette NL, Amit-Yousif AJ, Bosnyák E, Barger GR, Shah KD, Mittal S, Juhász C. Multimodal Imaging of Nonenhancing Glioblastoma Regions. Mol Imaging 2020; 18:1536012119885222. [PMID: 31736437 PMCID: PMC6862774 DOI: 10.1177/1536012119885222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical glioblastoma treatment mostly focuses on the contrast-enhancing tumor mass. Amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) can detect additional, nonenhancing glioblastoma-infiltrated brain regions that are difficult to distinguish on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We combined MRI with perfusion imaging and amino acid PET to evaluate such nonenhancing glioblastoma regions. METHODS Structural MRI, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps from perfusion MRI, and α-[11C]-methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT)-PET images were analyzed in 20 patients with glioblastoma. The AMT uptake and rCBV (expressed as tumor to normal [T/N] ratios) were compared in nonenhancing tumor portions showing increased signal on T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR) images. RESULTS Thirteen (65%) tumors showed robust heterogeneity in nonenhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintense areas on AMT-PET, whereas the nonenhancing regions in the remaining 7 cases had homogeneous AMT uptake (low in 6, high in 1). AMT and rCBV T/N ratios showed only a moderate correlation in the nonenhancing regions (r = 0.41, P = .017), but regions with very low rCBV (<0.79 T/N ratio) had invariably low AMT uptake. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the metabolic and perfusion heterogeneity of nonenhancing T2/FLAIR hyperintense glioblastoma regions. Amino acid PET imaging of such regions can detect glioma-infiltrated brain for treatment targeting; however, very low rCBV values outside the contrast-enhancing tumor mass make increased AMT uptake in nonenhancing glioblastoma regions unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra John
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University and PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Natasha L Robinette
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alit J Amit-Yousif
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University and PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey R Barger
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Keval D Shah
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.,Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.,Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University and PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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174
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Abdelgawad MS, Aly RA. Value of susceptibility-weighted MR imaging (SWI) in the detection of developmental venous anomaly. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is probably the most common anomaly of the intracranial vasculature. DVAs consist of multiple, radially oriented dilated medullary veins that converge into a transcerebral vein. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a high spatial resolution 3D gradient-echo MRI sequence with phase post-processing that accentuates the paramagnetic properties of blood products such as deoxyhemoglobin, intracellular methemoglobin, and hemosiderin. Its high sensitivity to hemorrhagic particles by means of susceptibility dephasing effects within the veins allow for the accurate detection, grading, and monitoring of brain venous anomalies. In this review, we evaluated the prevalence of the brain DVAs identified by SWI in many patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast administration. All images were independently reviewed by two radiologists who were blinded to other MR imaging finding. It is hoped that as SWI becomes more widely available, it will provide additional diagnostic and prognostic information that will improve the care and outcome of patients with DVAs.
Results
A total of 29 DVAs were observed with its prevalence 2.8%. The DVA caputs had mostly deep localization in about 44.8% of our DVA cases. SWI proved excellent demonstration of DVAs with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were significantly higher than the other non-contrast MR sequences. On SWI, DVA is delineated as a signal void lesion with the normal cerebral veins.
Conclusion
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is valuable in the diagnosis of DVA and should be included in routine MR assessment of the brain.
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175
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Sumser K, Bellizzi GG, van Rhoon GC, Paulides MM. The Potential of Adjusting Water Bolus Liquid Properties for Economic and Precise MR Thermometry Guided Radiofrequency Hyperthermia. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102946. [PMID: 32456027 PMCID: PMC7288164 DOI: 10.3390/s20102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The potential of MR thermometry (MRT) fostered the development of MRI compatible radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia devices. Such device integration creates major technological challenges and a crucial point for image quality is the water bolus (WB). The WB is located between the patient body and external sources to both couple electromagnetic energy and to cool the patient skin. However, the WB causes MRT errors and unnecessarily large field of view. In this work, we studied making the WB MRI transparent by an optimal concentration of compounds capable of modifying T2* relaxation without an impact on the efficiency of RF heating. Three different T2* reducing compounds were investigated, namely CuSO4, MnCl2, and Fe3O4. First, electromagnetic properties and T2* relaxation rates at 1.5 T were measured. Next, through multi-physics simulations, the predicted effect on the RF-power deposition pattern was evaluated and MRT precision was experimentally assessed. Our results identified 5 mM Fe3O4 solution as optimal since it does not alter the RF-power level needed and improved MRT precision from 0.39 °C to 0.09 °C. MnCl2 showed a similar MRT improvement, but caused unacceptable RF-power losses. We conclude that adding Fe3O4 has significant potential to improve RF hyperthermia treatment monitoring under MR guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Sumser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gennaro G. Bellizzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Gerard C. van Rhoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Margarethus M. Paulides
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC—Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (G.G.B.); (G.C.v.R.); (M.M.P.)
- EM4C&C Laboratory, Center for Care & Cure Technology Eindhoven (C3Te), Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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176
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Snel GJH, van den Boomen M, Hernandez LM, Nguyen CT, Sosnovik DE, Velthuis BK, Slart RHJA, Borra RJH, Prakken NHJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance native T 2 and T 2* quantitative values for cardiomyopathies and heart transplantations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:34. [PMID: 32393281 PMCID: PMC7212597 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T2 and T2* mapping is currently limited as ranges for healthy and cardiac diseases are poorly defined. In this meta-analysis we aimed to determine the weighted mean of T2 and T2* mapping values in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), heart transplantation, non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) and hypertension, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) of each population with healthy controls. Additionally, the variation of mapping outcomes between studies was investigated. METHODS The PRISMA guidelines were followed after literature searches on PubMed and Embase. Studies reporting CMR T2 or T2* values measured in patients were included. The SMD was calculated using a random effects model and a meta-regression analysis was performed for populations with sufficient published data. RESULTS One hundred fifty-four studies, including 13,804 patient and 4392 control measurements, were included. T2 values were higher in patients with MI, heart transplantation, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myocarditis (SMD of 2.17, 1.05, 0.87, 1.39, 1.62, 1.95, 1.90 and 1.33, respectively, P < 0.01) compared with controls. T2 values in iron overload patients (SMD = - 0.54, P = 0.30) and Anderson-Fabry disease patients (SMD = 0.52, P = 0.17) did both not differ from controls. T2* values were lower in patients with MI and iron overload (SMD of - 1.99 and - 2.39, respectively, P < 0.01) compared with controls. T2* values in HCM patients (SMD = - 0.61, P = 0.22), DCM patients (SMD = - 0.54, P = 0.06) and hypertension patients (SMD = - 1.46, P = 0.10) did not differ from controls. Multiple CMR acquisition and patient demographic factors were assessed as significant covariates, thereby influencing the mapping outcomes and causing variation between studies. CONCLUSIONS The clinical utility of T2 and T2* mapping to distinguish affected myocardium in patients with cardiomyopathies or heart transplantation from healthy myocardium seemed to be confirmed based on this meta-analysis. Nevertheless, variation of mapping values between studies complicates comparison with external values and therefore require local healthy reference values to clinically interpret quantitative values. Furthermore, disease differentiation seems limited, since changes in T2 and T2* values of most cardiomyopathies are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J H Snel
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M van den Boomen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - L M Hernandez
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C T Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - D E Sosnovik
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-MIT, 7 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - B K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, University of Twente, Dienstweg 1, 7522 ND, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R J H Borra
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N H J Prakken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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177
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Despouy E, Curot J, Reddy L, Nowak LG, Deudon M, Sol JC, Lotterie JA, Denuelle M, Maziz A, Bergaud C, Thorpe SJ, Valton L, Barbeau EJ. Recording local field potential and neuronal activity with tetrodes in epileptic patients. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 341:108759. [PMID: 32389603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recordings with tetrodes have proven to be more effective in isolating single neuron spiking activity than with single microwires. However, tetrodes have never been used in humans. We report on the characteristics, safety, compatibility with clinical intracranial recordings in epileptic patients, and performance, of a new type of hybrid electrode equipped with tetrodes. NEW METHOD 240 standard clinical macroelectrodes and 102 hybrid electrodes were implanted in 28 patients. Hybrids (diameter 800 μm) are made of 6 or 9 macro-contacts and 2 or 3 tetrodes (diameter 70-80 μm). RESULTS No clinical complication or adverse event was associated with the hybrids. Impedance and noise of recordings were stable over time. The design enabled multiscale spatial analyses that revealed physiopathological events which were sometimes specific to one tetrode, but could not be recorded on the macro-contacts. After spike sorting, the single-unit yield was similar to other hybrid electrodes and was sometimes as high as >10 neurons per tetrode. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) This new hybrid electrode has a smaller diameter than other available hybrid electrodes. It provides novel spatial information due to the configuration of the tetrodes. The single-unit yield appears promising. CONCLUSIONS This new hybrid electrode is safe, easy to use, and works satisfactorily for conducting multi-scale seizure and physiological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Despouy
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France; DIXI Medical, Chaudefontaine F-25640 France
| | - Jonathan Curot
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France; Explorations Neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Leila Reddy
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France
| | - Lionel G Nowak
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France
| | - Martin Deudon
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Sol
- INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse F-31052, France; Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Jean-Albert Lotterie
- INSERM, U1214, TONIC, Toulouse Mind and Brain Institute, Toulouse F-31052, France; Radiochirurgie Stéréotaxique, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Marie Denuelle
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France; Explorations Neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Ali Maziz
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse F-31400, France
| | | | - Simon J Thorpe
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France
| | - Luc Valton
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France; Explorations Neurophysiologiques, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse F-31330, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CerCo, Toulouse F-31052, France.
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178
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van Dam LF, van Walderveen MAA, Kroft LJM, Kruyt ND, Wermer MJH, van Osch MJP, Huisman MV, Klok FA. Current imaging modalities for diagnosing cerebral vein thrombosis - A critical review. Thromb Res 2020; 189:132-139. [PMID: 32220779 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) is a rare presentation of venous thromboembolism. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential as delayed recognition and treatment may lead to permanent disability or even death. Since no validated diagnostic algorithms exist, the diagnosis of CVT mainly relies on neuroimaging. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the historical diagnostic standard for CVT, but is rarely used nowadays and replaced by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). High quality studies to evaluate the diagnostic test characteristics of state of the art imaging modalities are however unavailable to date. This review provides an overview of the best available evidence regarding the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for the diagnosis of CVT. Notably, available studies are observational, mostly small, outdated, and with a high risk of bias. Therefore, direct comparison between studies is difficult due to large diversity in study design, imaging method, reference standard, patient selection and sample size. In general, contrast-enhanced techniques are more accurate for the diagnosis of CVT then non-contrast-enhanced techniques. CT venography and MRI have been both reported to be adequate for establishing a final diagnosis of CVT, but choice of modality as used in clinical practice depends on availability, local preference and experience, as well as patient characteristics. Our review underlines the need for high-quality diagnostic studies comparing CT venography and MRI in specific settings, to improve clinical care and standardize clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette F van Dam
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Lucia J M Kroft
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nyika D Kruyt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Menno V Huisman
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frederikus A Klok
- Department of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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179
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Breuer K, Weick S, Ströhle SP, Breuer FA, Kleine P, Veldhoen S, Richter A, Lapa C, Flentje M, Polat B. Feasibility of 4D T2* quantification in the lung with oxygen gas challenge in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Phys Med 2020; 72:46-51. [PMID: 32200297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI is a non-invasive diagnostic method for assessing tissue oxygenation level, by changes in the transverse relaxation time T2*. 3D BOLD imaging of lung tumours is challenging, because respiratory motion can lead to significant image quality degradation. The purpose of this work was to explore the feasibility of a three dimensional (3D) Cartesian multi gradient echo (MGRE) sequence for T2* measurements of non-small cell lung tumours during free-breathing. A non-uniform quasi-random reordering of the pahse encoding lines that allocates more sampling points near the k-space origin resulting in efficient undersampling pattern for parallel imaging was combined with multi echo acquisition and self-gating. In a series of three patients 3D T2* maps of lung carcinomas were generated with isotropic spatial resolution and full tumour coverage at air inhalation and after hyperoxic gas challenge in arbitrary respiratory phases using the proposed self-gated MGRE acquisition. The changes in T2* on the inhalation of hyperoxic gas relative to air were quantified. Significant changes in T2* were observed following oxygen inhalation in the tumour (p < 0.02). Thus, the self-gated MGRE sequence can be used for assessment of BOLD signal with isotropic resolution and arbitrary respiratory phases in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Weick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Serge-Peer Ströhle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix A Breuer
- Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Imaging Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kleine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Veldhoen
- Department of Radiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Richter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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180
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Weber AM, Zhang Y, Kames C, Rauscher A. Myelin water imaging and R 2* mapping in neonates: Investigating R 2* dependence on myelin and fibre orientation in whole brain white matter. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4222. [PMID: 31846134 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
R2* relaxation provides a semiquantitative method of detecting myelin, iron and white matter fibre orientation angles. Compared with standard histogram-based analyses, angle-resolved analysis of R2* has previously been shown to substantially improve the detection of subtle differences in the brain between healthy siblings of subjects with multiple sclerosis and unrelated healthy controls. Neonates, who are born with very little myelin and iron, and an underdeveloped connectome, provide researchers with an opportunity to investigate whether R2* is intimately linked with fibre-angle or myelin content as it is in adults, which may in future studies be explored as a potential white matter developmental biomarker. Five healthy adult volunteers (mean age [±SD] = 31.2 [±8.3] years; three males) were recruited from Vancouver, Canada. Eight term neonates (mean age = 38.6 ± 1.2 weeks; five males) were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University neonatal ward. All subjects were scanned on identical 3 T Philips Achieva scanners equipped with an eight-channel SENSE head coil and underwent a multiecho gradient echo scan, a 32-direction DTI scan and a myelin water imaging scan. For both neonates and adults, bin-averaged R2* variation across the brain's white matter was found to be best explained by fibre orientation. For adults, this represented a difference in R2* values of 3.5 Hz from parallel to perpendicular fibres with respect to the main magnetic field. In neonates, the fibre orientation dependency displayed a cosine wave shape, with a small R2* range of 0.4 Hz. This minor relationship in neonates provides further evidence for the key role myelin probably plays in creating this fibre orientation dependence later in life, but suggests limited clinical application in newborn populations. Future studies should investigate fibre-orientation dependency in infants in the first 5 years, when substantial myelin development occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mark Weber
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Christian Kames
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Rauscher
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- UBC MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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181
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Watanabe T, Kanzaki Y, Yamauchi Y, Ito T, Nishida Y, Yamamura K, Komori T, Sohmiya K, Hoshiga M. Increased prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in patients with low left ventricular systolic function. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:384-390. [PMID: 31535200 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gradient-echo T2-star (T2*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive method to detect cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). The presence of CMBs was reported to be a marker of future cardiovascular mortality and is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors, use of antithrombotic drugs, and cognitive dysfunction. However, the relationship between cardiac function and CMBs remains unclear. We investigated the association between cardiac function and presence of CMBs in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This single-center retrospective study included a total of 424 participants (mean age 70 ± 12 years; men 286 (67%); mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 61% ± 12%] who underwent echocardiography and brain T2*-weighted MRI within 1 month without neurologic abnormality. CMBs were found in 118 (28%) patients. There was no significant relationship between CMBs and anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. LVEF was significantly lower in patients with CMBs than in those without CMBs (59% ± 13% vs. 62% ± 11%, P < 0.05). On multivariate logistic analysis, lower LVEF [odds ratio (OR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.00; P < 0.05] and age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.05; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with CMBs. The presence of CMBs was frequently observed in the patients with cardiovascular disease and was significantly associated with age and LVEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takahide Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishida
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Komori
- Department of Radiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Koichi Sohmiya
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hoshiga
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
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182
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Zhu X, Tang X, Lin H, Shi S, Xiong H, Zhou Q, Li A, Wang Q, Chen X, Gao J. A Fluorinated Ionic Liquid-Based Activatable 19F MRI Platform Detects Biological Targets. Chem 2020; 6:1134-1148. [PMID: 34084948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is a promising technique for in vivo molecular imaging and clinical diagnosis, benefiting from its negligible background and unlimited tissue penetration depth. However, the development of 19F probes with good water solubility and versatile functions for bioresponsive and practical applications remains a challenge. Here, we report fluorinated ion liquids (ILs) as a new type of fluorine agents and build a fluorinated ionic liquid-based activatable 19F MRI platform (FILAMP), which relies on the phase transition of ILs. Upon exposure to environmental stimulation, coating polymer dissolves or degrades to release the fluorinated ILs payload, which rapidly enhances 19F signal. This "turn-on" response is verified by the successful detection of biological targets (for example, dysregulated pH and MMP overexpression) at the cellular level and in mice, demonstrating the potential of FILAMP as a robust activatable 19F probe for diagnosis and monitoring of biological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xiaoxue Tang
- Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Saige Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hehe Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiaoyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinhao Gao
- Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Lead Contact
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183
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Singhrao K, Ruan D, Fu J, Gao Y, Chee G, Yang Y, King C, Hu P, Kishan AU, Lewis JH. Quantification of fiducial marker visibility for MRI-only prostate radiotherapy simulation. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:035015. [PMID: 31881546 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab65db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To objectively compare the suitability of MRI pulse sequences and commercially available fiducial markers (FMs) for MRI-only prostate radiotherapy simulation. Most FMs appear as small signal voids in MRI images making them difficult to differentiate from tissue heterogeneities such as calcifications. In this study we use quantitative metrics to objectively evaluate the visibility of FMs in 27 patients and an anthropomorphic phantom with a variety of standard clinical MRI pulse sequences and commercially available FMs. FM visibility was quantified using the local contrast-to-noise-ratio (lCNR), the difference between the 80th and 20th percentile iso-intensity FM volumes (V fall) and the largest iso-intensity volume that can be distinguished from background: apparent-marker-volume (AMV). A larger lCNR and AMV, and smaller V fall represents a more easily identifiable FM. The number of non-marker objects visualized by each pulse sequence was calculated using FM-derived template-matching. The FM-based target-registration-error (TRE) between each MRI and the planning-CT image was calculated. Fiducial marker visibility was rated by two medical physicists with over three years of experience examining MRI-only prostate simulation images. The rater's classification accuracy was quantified using the F 1 score, which is the harmonic mean of the rater's precision and recall. These quantitative metrics and human observer ratings were used to evaluate FM identifiability in images from nine subtypes of T 1-weighted, T 2-weighted and gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences in a 27-patient study. A phantom study was conducted to quantify the visibility of 8 commercially available FMs. In the patient study, the largest mean lCNR and AMV and, smallest normalized V fall were produced by the 3.0 T multiple-echo GRE pulse sequence (T 1-VIBE, 2° flip angle, 1.23 ms and 2.45 ms echo-times). This pulse sequence produced no false marker detections and TREs less than 2 mm in the left-right, anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal directions, respectively. Human observers rated the 1.23 ms echo-time GRE images with the best average marker visibility score of 100% and an F 1 score of 1. In the phantom study, the Gold-Anchor GA-200X-20-B (deployed in a folded configuration) produced the largest sequence averaged lCNR and AMV measurements at 16.1 and 16.7 mm3, respectively. Using quantitative visibility and distinguishability metrics and human observer ratings, the patient study demonstrated that multiple-echo GRE images produced the best gold FM visibility and distinguishability. The phantom study demonstrated that markers manufactured from platinum or iron-doped gold quantitatively produced superior visibility compared to their pure gold counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Singhrao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
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184
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Autocalibrated parallel imaging reconstruction with sampling pattern optimization for GRASE: APIR4GRASE. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 66:141-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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185
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de Paula WD, Rodrigues MP, Ferreira NMC, Passini VV, Melo-Silva CA. Noninvasive assessment of peripheral skeletal muscle weakness in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a pilot study with multiparametric MRI of the rectus femoris muscle. Multidiscip Respir Med 2020; 15:707. [PMID: 33282283 PMCID: PMC7686790 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of rectus femoris muscle between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and healthy volunteers. Methods Thirteen IPF patients with GAP Index stage II disease were subjected to pulmonary function tests, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), quadriceps femoris muscle strength measurement and MRI of the thigh at rest. At MRI, muscle cross-sectional areas, T2 and T2* relaxometry, and 3-point Dixon fat fraction were measured. The results were compared to those of eight healthy sedentary volunteers. Results IPF patients had significantly lower %predicted FVC, FEV1 and DLCO (p<0.001 for the three variables) and walked significantly less in the 6MWT (p=0.008). Mean quadriceps femoris muscle strength also was significantly lower in IPF patients (p=0.041). Rectus femoris muscle T2* measurements were significantly shorter in IPF patients (p=0.027). No significant intergroup difference was found regarding average muscle cross-sectional areas (p=0.790 for quadriceps and p=0.816 for rectus femoris) or rectus femoris fat fraction (p=0.901). Rectus femoris T2 values showed a non-significant trend to be shorter in IPF patients (p=0.055). Conclusions Our preliminary findings suggest that, besides disuse atrophy, other factors such as hypoxia (but not inflammation) may play a role in the peripheral skeletal muscle dysfunction observed in IPF patients. This might impact the rehabilitation strategies for IPF patients and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Palmeira Rodrigues
- Department of Pulmonology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brazil Institution where the work was done: Hospital Universitário de Brasília / Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nathali Mireise Costa Ferreira
- Department of Pulmonology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brazil Institution where the work was done: Hospital Universitário de Brasília / Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Viviane Vieira Passini
- Department of Pulmonology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brazil Institution where the work was done: Hospital Universitário de Brasília / Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Melo-Silva
- Department of Pulmonology, Brasilia University Hospital, University of Brasilia, Brazil Institution where the work was done: Hospital Universitário de Brasília / Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
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186
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Sobhani S, Rahmani F, Rahmani M, Askari M, Kompani F. Serum ferritin levels and irregular use of iron chelators predict liver iron load in patients with major beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study. Croat Med J 2020. [PMID: 31686454 PMCID: PMC6852133 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine whether serum ferritin, liver transaminases, and regularity and type of iron chelation protocol can be used to predict liver iron load as assessed by T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with beta thalassemia major (TM). Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted from March 1, 2014 to March 1, 2015, involved 90 patients with beta TM on regular packed red blood cell transfusion. Liver and cardiac iron load were evaluated with T2* MRI. Compliance with iron-chelating agents, deferoxamine or deferasirox, and regularity of their use, as well as serum ferritin and liver transaminase levels were assessed. Results Patients with high serum ferritin were 2.068 times (95% confidence interval 1.26-3.37) more likely to have higher liver or cardiac iron load. High serum aspartate aminotransferases and irregular use of iron chelating agents, but not their type, predicted higher cardiac iron load. In a multiple regression model, serum ferritin level was the only significant predictor of liver and myocardial iron load. Conclusions Higher serum ferritin strongly predicted the severity of cardiac and liver iron load. Irregular use of chelator drugs was associated with a higher risk of cardiac and liver iron load, regardless of the type of chelating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Farzad Kompani
- Farzad Kompani, Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Children's Medical Center, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran,
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187
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Menacho K, Abdel-Gadir A, Moon JC, Fernandes JL. T2* Mapping Techniques: Iron Overload Assessment and Other Potential Clinical Applications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2020; 27:439-451. [PMID: 31279448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T2* mapping techniques has evolved significantly since their introduction in the early 2000s and a significant amount of evidence has been gathered to support their clinical routine use for iron overload assessment. This article focuses on the most important aspects of how to perform T2* imaging, from acquisition, to postprocessing, to analyzing the data with clinical concentration. Newer techniques have made T2* mapping more robust and accurate, allowing a broader use of this technique for noncontrast ischemia imaging based on blood oxygen levels, in addition to evaluation of intramyocardial hemorrhage and microvascular obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Menacho
- Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 2nd Floor, King George V Block, West Smithfiled, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Amna Abdel-Gadir
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 2nd Floor, King George V Block, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - James C Moon
- The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, 2nd Floor, King George V Block, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Juliano Lara Fernandes
- Jose Michel Kalaf Research Institute, Radiologia Clinica de Campinas, Av Jose de Souza Campos 840, Campinas, São Paulo 13092-100, Brazil.
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188
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Zu Z, Janve V, Gore JC. Spin-lock imaging of intrinsic susceptibility gradients in tumors. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1587-1595. [PMID: 31883149 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that diffusion of water through intrinsic susceptibility gradients produces a dispersion of the spin-lattice relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R1 ρ ) over a low range of spin-locking amplitudes (0 < ω1 < 100 Hz), whereas at higher ω1 and high magnetic fields, a second dispersion arises due to chemical exchange. Here, we separated these different effects and evaluated their contributions in tumors. METHODS Maps of R1 ρ and its changes with locking field were acquired on intracranial 9-L tumor models. The R1 ρ changes due to diffusion ( R 1 ρ Diff ) were calculated by subtracting maps of R1 ρ at 100 Hz (R1 ρ [100 Hz]) from those at 0 Hz (R1 ρ [0 Hz]). The R1 ρ changes due to exchange ( R 1 ρ Ex ) were calculated by subtracting maps of R1 ρ at 5620 Hz (R1 ρ [5620 Hz]) from those of R1 ρ at 100 Hz (R1 ρ [100 Hz]). Measurements of vascular dimensions and spacing were performed ex vivo using 3D confocal microscopy. RESULTS The R1 ρ changes at low ω1 in tumors (5.24 ± 1.78 s-1 ) are substantially (p = 3.76 ) greater than those in normal tissues (1.36 ± 0.70 s-1 ), which we suggest are due to greater contributions from diffusion through susceptibility gradients. Tumor vessels were larger and spaced less closely compared with normal brain, which may be 1 factor contributing the susceptibility within 9-L tumors. The contrast between tumor and normal tissues for R 1 ρ Diff is larger than for R 1 ρ Ex and for the apparent R2w . CONCLUSION Images that are sensitive to the variations of spin-lock relaxation rates at low ω1 provide a novel form of contrast that reflects the heterogeneous nature of intrinsic variations within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vaibhav Janve
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Deparment of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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189
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Rossello X, Lopez-Ayala P, Fernández-Jiménez R, Oliver E, Galán-Arriola C, de Molina-Iracheta A, Agüero J, López GJ, Lobo-Gonzalez M, Vílchez-Tschischke JP, Fuster V, Sánchez-González J, Ibanez B. R2 prime (R2′) magnetic resonance imaging for post-myocardial infarction intramyocardial haemorrhage quantification. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 21:1031-1038. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
To assess whether R2* is more accurate than T2* for the detection of intramyocardial haemorrhage (IMH) and to evaluate whether T2′ (or R2′) is less affected by oedema than T2* (R2*), and thus more suitable for the accurate identification of post-myocardial infarction (MI) IMH.
Methods and results
Reperfused anterior MI was performed in 20 pigs, which were sacrificed at 120 min, 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days. At each time point, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T2- and T2*-mapping scans were recorded, and myocardial tissue samples were collected to quantify IMH and myocardial water content. After normalization by the number of red blood cells in remote tissue, histological IMH increased 5.2-fold, 10.7-fold, and 4.1-fold at Days 1, 4, and 7, respectively. The presence of IMH was correlated more strongly with R2* (r = 0.69; P = 0.013) than with T2* (r = −0.50; P = 0.085). The correlation with IMH was even stronger for R2′ (r = 0.72; P = 0.008). For myocardial oedema, the correlation was stronger for R2* (r = −0.63; P = 0.029) than for R2′ (r = −0.50; P = 0.100). Multivariate linear regressions confirmed that R2* values were significantly explained by both IMH and oedema, whereas R2′ values were mostly explained by histological IMH (P = 0.024) and were little influenced by myocardial oedema (P = 0.262).
Conclusion
Using CMR mapping with histological validation in a pig model of reperfused MI, R2′more accurately detected IMH and was less influenced by oedema than R2* (and T2*). Further studies are needed to elucidate whether R2′ is also better suited for the characterization of post-MI IMH in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Lopez-Ayala
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Oliver
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galán-Arriola
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio de Molina-Iracheta
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Agüero
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universtitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gonzalo J López
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Lobo-Gonzalez
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean Paul Vílchez-Tschischke
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario Ruber Juan Bravo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Borja Ibanez
- Translational Laboratory for Cardiovascular Imaging and Therapy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Matos J, Paparo F, Bacigalupo L, Cenderello G, Mussetto I, De Cesari M, Bernardi SP, Cevasco L, Forni GL, Cassola G, Rollandi GA. Noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment in chronic viral hepatitis C: agreement among 1D transient elastography, 2D shear wave elastography, and magnetic resonance elastography. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:4011-4021. [PMID: 31696266 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the agreement of one-dimensional transient elastography (1D-TE), two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in a consecutive cohort of patients affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to understand which patient-related factors are associated with disagreement. METHODS Ninety-one consecutive patients with current or previous chronic HCV infection were enrolled between March 2017 and September 2018. We assessed the correlation between stiffness measurements expressed in kilopascals (kPa). After converting kPa values in three groups of increasing fibrosis burden using validated cut-off values, we assessed the agreement among the different techniques. Factors influencing inter-modality disagreement were examined by employing multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients met the inclusion criteria and had reliable measurements by all stiffness imaging techniques. At the quantitative analysis, a strong correlation between stiffness measurements was found (Spearman's rho values ranging from 0.7 to 0.89 in all pairs of techniques). Complete concordance among MRE, 1D-TE, and 2D-SWE was found in 64.9% of patients, and the agreement was highest between MRE and 1D-TE, with κ value of 0.801. In only 2/77 patients (2.6%), there was complete disagreement. High body mass index (BMI) was the only factor significantly associated with inter-modality discordance. CONCLUSIONS MRE, 1D-TE, and 2D-SWE assigned the majority of patients to the same fibrosis group. The agreement was at least good, and there was a strong correlation between kPa values in all three pairs of techniques. Highest agreement was found between MRE and 1D-TE. High BMI was associated with discordance among the techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Matos
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.
- DISSAL - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paparo
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bacigalupo
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenderello
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mussetto
- DISSAL - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo De Cesari
- DISSAL - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Perugin Bernardi
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Cevasco
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Forni
- Unit of Microcitemia and Hereditary Anemias, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cassola
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Andrea Rollandi
- Unit of Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
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191
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Fiordelisi MF, Cavaliere C, Auletta L, Basso L, Salvatore M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111883. [PMID: 31698697 PMCID: PMC6912299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.
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192
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Liu J, van Gelderen P, de Zwart JA, Duyn JH. Reducing motion sensitivity in 3D high-resolution T 2*-weighted MRI by navigator-based motion and nonlinear magnetic field correction. Neuroimage 2019; 206:116332. [PMID: 31689535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T2*-weighted gradient echo (GRE) MRI at high field is uniquely sensitive to the magnetic properties of tissue and allows the study of brain and vascular anatomy at high spatial resolution. However, it is also sensitive to B0 field changes induced by head motion and physiological processes such as the respiratory cycle. Conventional motion correction techniques do not take these field changes into account, and consequently do not fully recover image quality in T2*-weighted MRI. Here, a novel approach was developed to address this by monitoring the B0 field with a volumetric EPI phase navigator. The navigator was acquired at a shorter echo time than that of the (higher resolution) T2*-weighted GRE imaging data and accelerated with parallel imaging for high temporal resolution. At 4 mm isotropic spatial resolution and 0.54 s temporal resolution, the accuracy for estimation of rotation and translation was better than 0.2° and 0.1 mm, respectively. The 10% and 90% percentiles of B0 measurement error using the navigator were -1.8 and 1.5 Hz at 7 T, respectively. A fast retrospective reconstruction algorithm correcting for both motion and nonlinear B0 changes was also developed. The navigator and reconstruction algorithm were evaluated in correcting motion-corrupted high-resolution T2*-weighted GRE MRI on healthy human subjects at 7 T. Excellent image quality was demonstrated with the proposed correction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Liu
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. BLDG. 10, RM. B1D-723, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1065, USA.
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. BLDG. 10, RM. B1D-723, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1065, USA
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. BLDG. 10, RM. B1D-723, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1065, USA
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. BLDG. 10, RM. B1D-723, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1065, USA
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193
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Kwack KS, Lee HD, Jeon SW, Lee HY, Park S. Comparison of proton density fat fraction, simultaneous R2*, and apparent diffusion coefficient for assessment of focal vertebral bone marrow lesions. Clin Radiol 2019; 75:123-130. [PMID: 31676038 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and simultaneous R2* for focal vertebral bone marrow lesion (VBML) assessment, compared with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-two spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations performed in 126 patients with focal VBMLs from March 2016 to November 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The lesions were divided into metastases and benign VBMLs. The protocol consisted of routine morphological MRI sequences, followed by complex-based chemical shift imaging (CSE)-MRI and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI with a 1.5 T system. PDFF, R2*, and the ADC values were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out to assess the diagnostic performance for differentiating metastases from focal benign VBMLs. RESULTS PDFF, R2*, and mean ADC values in metastases were significantly lower than those in benign VBMLs (p<0.05). The PDFF (area under the curve [AUC]= 0.968; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.932-0.988) showed a significantly larger AUC compared with R2* (AUC=0.670; 95% CI=0.599-0.736) and ADC (AUC=0.801; 95% CI=0.738-0.855). The optimal cut-off value of the PDFF for predicting metastases was 9%; this threshold corresponded to a sensitivity of 96.67%, specificity of 90.28%, and accuracy of 94.27%. CONCLUSION PDFF is significantly more accurate than ADC and R2* for differentiating focal benign VMBLs from metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-S Kwack
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Musculoskeletal Imaging Laboratory, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - H-D Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - S W Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Musculoskeletal Imaging Laboratory, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - H Y Lee
- Regional Clinical Trial Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Musculoskeletal Imaging Laboratory, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, South Korea.
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194
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Application of Color Transformation Techniques in Pediatric Spinal Cord MR Images: Typically Developing and Spinal Cord Injury Population. J Digit Imaging 2019; 31:543-552. [PMID: 29340936 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-017-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate an improved and reliable visualization method for pediatric spinal cord MR images in healthy subjects and patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 15 pediatric volunteers (10 healthy subjects and 5 subjects with cervical SCI) with a mean age of 11.41 years (range 8-16 years) were recruited and scanned using a 3.0T Siemens Verio MR scanner. T2-weighted axial images were acquired covering entire cervical spinal cord level C1 to C7. These gray-scale images were then converted to color images by using five different techniques including hue-saturation-value (HSV), rainbow, red-green-blue (RGB), and two enhanced RGB techniques using automated contrast stretching and intensity inhomogeneity correction. Performance of these techniques was scored visually by two neuroradiologists within three selected cervical spinal cord intervertebral disk levels (C2-C3, C4-C5, and C6-C7) and quantified using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the color images shows consistent improvement across all the healthy and SCI subjects over conventional gray-scale T2-weighted gradient echo (GRE) images. Inter-observer reliability test showed moderate to strong intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients in the proposed techniques (ICC > 0.73). The results suggest that the color images could be used for quantification and enhanced visualization of the spinal cord structures in addition to the conventional gray-scale images. This would immensely help towards improved delineation of the gray/white and CSF structures and further aid towards accurate manual or automatic drawings of region of interests (ROIs).
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195
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Kind J, Thiele CM. MRI and localised NMR spectroscopy of sessile droplets on hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces - Examination of the chemical composition during evaporation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 307:106579. [PMID: 31450187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation of droplets is a process important in many different areas of science, technology and also everyday life. The understanding of droplet evaporation of homogeneous and heterogeneous substance mixtures is important, for example, to explain the formation of coffee stains or to optimize the results in offset printing. For a detailed understanding of the evaporation of complex mixtures from structured surfaces, such as inks used in offset printing, a time-resolved analysis of the droplet composition is essential. Measurement of (local) concentrations may deepen the understanding of wetting phenomena and their connection with transport phenomena. Therefore, we demonstrate in this paper that magnetic resonance methods can be used to (a) image sessile droplets on structured surfaces and (b) investigate their composition in a time-resolved manner. First it is shown that water droplets on superhydrophobic, hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, despite the large liquid/gas interface, can be imaged well and without interfering artefacts using RARE. Further, the signals are examined in localised PRESS NMR spectra with respect to line shape and quantifiability. Finally, it is demonstrated that non-localised NMR spectra can be used to track the droplet composition during evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kind
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C M Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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196
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Waxholm Space atlas of the rat brain auditory system: Three-dimensional delineations based on structural and diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2019; 199:38-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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197
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Sandler SE, Fellows B, Mefford OT. Best Practices for Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14159-14169. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Sandler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Benjamin Fellows
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - O. Thompson Mefford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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198
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Mainenti PP, Stanzione A, Guarino S, Romeo V, Ugga L, Romano F, Storto G, Maurea S, Brunetti A. Colorectal cancer: Parametric evaluation of morphological, functional and molecular tomographic imaging. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5233-5256. [PMID: 31558870 PMCID: PMC6761241 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the leading causes of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Among the various tools at physicians’ disposal for the diagnostic management of the disease, tomographic imaging (e.g., CT, MRI, and hybrid PET imaging) is considered essential. The qualitative and subjective evaluation of tomographic images is the main approach used to obtain valuable clinical information, although this strategy suffers from both intrinsic and operator-dependent limitations. More recently, advanced imaging techniques have been developed with the aim of overcoming these issues. Such techniques, such as diffusion-weighted MRI and perfusion imaging, were designed for the “in vivo” evaluation of specific biological tissue features in order to describe them in terms of quantitative parameters, which could answer questions difficult to address with conventional imaging alone (e.g., questions related to tissue characterization and prognosis). Furthermore, it has been observed that a large amount of numerical and statistical information is buried inside tomographic images, resulting in their invisibility during conventional assessment. This information can be extracted and represented in terms of quantitative parameters through different processes (e.g., texture analysis). Numerous researchers have focused their work on the significance of these quantitative imaging parameters for the management of CRC patients. In this review, we aimed to focus on evidence reported in the academic literature regarding the application of parametric imaging to the diagnosis, staging and prognosis of CRC while discussing future perspectives and present limitations. While the transition from purely anatomical to quantitative tomographic imaging appears achievable for CRC diagnostics, some essential milestones, such as scanning and analysis standardization and the definition of robust cut-off values, must be achieved before quantitative tomographic imaging can be incorporated into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Paolo Mainenti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Council of Research (CNR), Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Stanzione
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guarino
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Valeria Romeo
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ugga
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture 85028, Italy
| | - Simone Maurea
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Naples 80131, Italy
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199
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Aghaeifar A, Zhou J, Heule R, Tabibian B, Schölkopf B, Jia F, Zaitsev M, Scheffler K. A 32‐channel multi‐coil setup optimized for human brain shimming at 9.4T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:749-764. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghaeifar
- High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
- IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Jiazheng Zhou
- High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
- IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Rahel Heule
- High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
| | - Behzad Tabibian
- Department of Empirical Inference Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Tuebingen Germany
| | - Bernhard Schölkopf
- Department of Empirical Inference Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Tuebingen Germany
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Faculty of Medicine Medical Center University of Freiburg University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Maxim Zaitsev
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics Faculty of Medicine Medical Center University of Freiburg University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Center Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tuebingen Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
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200
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Liang JJ, Lei L, Zeng YP, Xiao ZM. High signal-intensity abnormalities in susceptibility-weighted imaging for primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:842-847. [PMID: 30724645 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1576659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To identify the regularity of signal evolution of intracerebral hemorrhage on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) at different stages compared with T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a series of 365 patients who underwent T1WI, T2WI, and SWI examination simultaneously or sequentially in our hospital from January 2015 to May 2017. Two neuroradiologists assessed the images and discrepancies between their interpretations were resolved by consensus. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared and Kappa tests. Results: Of the 365 patients on SWI sequence, 94 were enrolled. SWI detected the cases at different stages; T1WI detected 89 cases and T2WI detected 91 cases. The signal intensity of intracerebral hemorrhage on SWI was significantly associated with T1WI imaging and T2WI (χ2 = 4.651; p < 0.05; χ2 = 26.396; p < 0.01, respectively), especially at the late subacute stage. There was moderate consistency between the signal intensity of intracerebral hemorrhage on T2WI and SWI (Kappa coefficient = 0.530). Conclusion: Intracerebral hemorrhage has a varied appearance on SWI, and the evolution of signal of intracerebral hemorrhage on SWI sequence is influenced by T1WI and T2WI. Hematoma detection should be closely combined with clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Liang
- a Department of Neurology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei Province , P. R. China
| | - Lu Lei
- a Department of Neurology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei Province , P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Zeng
- a Department of Neurology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei Province , P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Man Xiao
- a Department of Neurology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , Hubei Province , P. R. China
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