151
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Li Y, Yi J, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu J. Gaining insight into cellular cardiac physiology using single particle tracking. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 148:63-77. [PMID: 32871158 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single particle tracking (SPT) is a robust technique to monitor single-molecule behaviors in living cells directly. By this approach, we can uncover the potential biological significance of particle dynamics by statistically characterizing individual molecular behaviors. SPT provides valuable information at the single-molecule level, that could be obscured by simple averaging that is inherent to conventional ensemble measurements. Here, we give a brief introduction to SPT including the commonly used optical implementations, fluorescence labeling strategies, and data analysis methods. We then focus on how SPT has been harnessed to decipher myocardial function. In this context, SPT has provided novel insight into the lateral diffusion of signal receptors and ion channels, the dynamic organization of cardiac nanodomains, subunit composition and stoichiometry of cardiac ion channels, myosin movement along actin filaments, the kinetic features of transcription factors involved in cardiac remodeling, and the intercellular communication by nanotubes. Finally, we speculate on the prospects and challenges of applying SPT to future questions regarding cellular cardiac physiology using SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jing Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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152
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Arora M, Giuliani A, Curtin P. Biodynamic Interfaces Are Essential for Human–Environment Interactions. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000017. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York 10029 USA
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome 00161 Italy
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York 10029 USA
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153
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Beserra SS, Santos-Miranda A, Sarmento JO, Miranda VM, Roman-Campos D. Effects of amiodarone on rodent ventricular cardiomyocytes: Novel perspectives from a cellular model of Long QT Syndrome Type 3. Life Sci 2020; 255:117814. [PMID: 32439300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Amiodarone (AMIO) is currently used in medical practice to reverse ventricular tachycardia. Here we determine the effects of AMIO in the electromechanical properties of isolated left ventricle myocyte (LVM) from mice and guinea pig and in a cellular model of Long QT Syndrome Type 3 (LQTS-3) using anemone neurotoxin 2 (ATX II), which induces increase of late sodium current in LVM. MAIN METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS Using patch-clamp technique, fluorescence imaging to detect cellular Ca2+ transient and sarcomere detection systems we evaluate the effect of AMIO in healthy LVM. AMIO produced a significant reduction in the percentage of sarcomere shortening (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) in a range of pacing frequencies, however, without significant attenuation of Ca2+ transient. Also, 10 μM of AMIO caused the opposite effect on action potential repolarization of mouse and guinea pig LVM. When LVM from mouse and guinea pig were paced in a range of pacing frequencies and exposed to ATX (10 nM), AMIO (10 μM) was only able to abrogate electromechanical arrhythmias in LVM from guinea pig at lower pacing frequency. SIGNIFICANCE AMIO has negative inotropic effect with opposite effect on action potential waveform in mouse and guinea pig LVM. Furthermore, the antiarrhythmic action of AMIO in LQTS-3 is species and frequency-dependent, which indicates that AMIO may be beneficial for some types of arrhythmias related to late sodium current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Santos Beserra
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Oliveira Sarmento
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Martins Miranda
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicina, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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154
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Dashwood A, Cheesman E, Beard N, Haqqani H, Wong YW, Molenaar P. Understanding How Phosphorylation and Redox Modifications Regulate Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Activity to Produce an Arrhythmogenic Phenotype in Advanced Heart Failure. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:563-582. [PMID: 32832863 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic with significant mortality and morbidity. Despite current medications, 50% of individuals die within 5 years of diagnosis. Of these deaths, 30-50% will be a result of sudden cardiac death from ventricular arrhythmias. This review discusses two stress-induced mechanisms, phosphorylation from chronic β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) stimulation and thiol modifications from oxidative stress, and how they modulate the cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and foster an arrhythmogenic phenotype. Calcium (Ca2+) is the ubiquitous secondary messenger of excitation-contraction coupling and provides a common pathway for contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia genesis. In a healthy heart, Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by RyR2. The open probability of RyR2 is under the dynamic influence of co-proteins, ions, and kinases that are in strict balance to ensure normal physiological functioning. In HF, chronic β-AR activity and production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species provide two stress-induced mechanisms uncoupling RyR2 control, resulting in pathological diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. This increased cytosolic [Ca2+] promotes Ca2+ extrusion via the local Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, resulting in net sarcolemmal depolarization, delayed after depolarization and ventricular arrhythmia. Experimental models researching oxidative stress and phosphorylation have aimed to identify how post-translational modifications to the RyR2 macromolecular complex, and the associated Na+/Ca2+ cycling proteins, result in pathological Ca2+ handling and diastolic leak. However, the causative molecular changes remain controversial and undefined. Through understanding the molecular mechanisms that produce an arrhythmic phenotype, novel therapeutic targets to treat HF and prevent its malignant course can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dashwood
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cheesman
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Nicole Beard
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2617, Australia
| | - Haris Haqqani
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Yee Weng Wong
- Heart Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Cardio-Vascular Molecular & Therapeutics Translational Research Group, Northside Clinical School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4032, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
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155
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Skarsfeldt MA, Liin SI, Larsson HP, Bentzen BH. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived I Ks channel activators shorten the QT interval ex-vivo and in-vivo. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13471. [PMID: 32223014 PMCID: PMC8633721 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to assess the ability of natural and modified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to shorten QT interval in ex-vivo and in-vivo guinea pig hearts. METHODS The effect of one natural (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and three modified (linoleoyl glycine [Lin-GLY], docosahexaenoyl glycine [DHA-GLY], N-arachidonoyl taurine [N-AT]) PUFAs on ventricular action potential duration (APD) and QT interval was studied in a E4031 drug-induced long QT2 model of ex-vivo guinea pig hearts. The effect of DHA-GLY on QT interval was also studied in in-vivo guinea pig hearts upon intravenous administration. The effect of modified PUFAs on IKs was studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human KCNQ1 and KCNE1. RESULTS All tested PUFAs shortened ADP and QT interval in ex-vivo guinea pig hearts, however, with different ability in restoring baseline APD/QT interval with specific modified PUFAs being most efficacious. Despite comparable ability in activating the human KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel, Lin-GLY was not as effective in shortening APD/QT interval as DHA-GLY in ex-vivo hearts. By constructing a guinea pig-like KCNE1, we found Lin-GLY to induce less activating effect compared with DHA-GLY on human KCNQ1 co-expressed with guinea pig-like KCNE1. Docosahexaenoyl glycine was studied in more detail and was found to shorten QT interval in in-vivo guinea pig hearts. CONCLUSION Our results show that specific PUFAs shorten QT interval in guinea pig hearts. The tendency of modified PUFAs with pronounced IKs channel activating effect to better restore QT interval suggests that modifying PUFAs to target the IKs channel is a means to improve the QT-shortening effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Skarsfeldt
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hans P Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bo H Bentzen
- The Danish Arrhythmia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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156
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Arai S, Lloyd K, Takahashi T, Mammoto K, Miyazawa T, Tamura K, Kaneko T, Ishida K, Moriyama Y, Mitsui T. Dynamic Properties of Heart Fragments from Different Regions and Their Synchronization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E81. [PMID: 32751255 PMCID: PMC7552607 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic properties of the heart differ based on the regions that effectively circulate blood throughout the body with each heartbeat. These properties, including the inter-beat interval (IBI) of autonomous beat activity, are retained even in in vitro tissue fragments. However, details of beat dynamics have not been well analyzed, particularly at the sub-mm scale, although such dynamics of size are important for regenerative medicine and computational studies of the heart. We analyzed the beat dynamics in sub-mm tissue fragments from atria and ventricles of hearts obtained from chick embryos over a period of 40 h. The IBI and contraction speed differed by region and atrial fragments retained their values for a longer time. The major finding of this study is synchronization of these fragment pairs physically attached to each other. The probability of achieving this and the time required differ for regional pairs: atrium-atrium, ventricle-ventricle, or atrium-ventricle. Furthermore, the time required to achieve 1:1 synchronization does not depend on the proximity of initial IBI of paired fragments. Various interesting phenomena, such as 1:n synchronization and a reentrant-like beat sequence, are revealed during synchronization. Finally, our observation of fragment dynamics indicates that mechanical motion itself contributes to the synchronization of atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Arai
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kento Lloyd
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomonori Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kazuki Mammoto
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takashi Miyazawa
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kei Tamura
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan;
| | - Kentaro Ishida
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuuta Moriyama
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
| | - Toshiyuki Mitsui
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan; (S.A.); (K.L.); (T.T.); (K.M.); (T.M.); (K.T.); (K.I.); (Y.M.)
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157
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Lozano WM, Parra G, Arias-Mutis OJ, Zarzoso M. Exercise Training Protocols in Rabbits Applied in Cardiovascular Research. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081263. [PMID: 32722314 PMCID: PMC7459864 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several animal models have been used to understand the physiological adaptations produced by exercise training in the healthy and diseased cardiovascular system. Among those, the protocols for acute and chronic exercise in rabbits present several advantages compared to other large animal models. In addition, the rabbit model has important physiological similarities with humans. On the other hand, the design of the training protocol is a key factor to induce the physiological adaptations. Here, we review the different training protocols used in rabbits and the different physiological adaptations produced in the cardiovascular system, in normal and pathological conditions. Abstract Rabbit exercise protocols allow for the evaluation of physiological and biomechanical changes and responses to episodes of acute or chronic exercise. The observed physiological changes are normal responses to stress, that is, adaptive responses to maintain or restore homeostasis after acute exercise. Indeed, the rabbit model is advantageous since (a) it has important physiological similarities in terms of the functioning of multiple organ systems, and can quickly induce alterations in pathophysiological conditions that resemble those of humans, and (b) it allows the implementation of a low-cost model in comparison with other large animals. When designing an exercise training protocol for rabbits, it is important to consider variables such as race, gender, age and, especially, training parameters such as volume, intensity, or rest, among others, to determine the outcome of the research. Therefore, the objective of this review is to identify and analyze exercise training protocols in rabbits in different experimental applications and the various physiological adaptations that are presented, with special focus in cardiovascular adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson M. Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (W.M.L.); (G.P.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Germán Parra
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (W.M.L.); (G.P.); (O.J.A.-M.)
- INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Arias-Mutis
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (W.M.L.); (G.P.); (O.J.A.-M.)
- INCLIVA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-983-853
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158
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Liu Y, Xu X, Gao J, Naffaa MM, Liang H, Shi J, Wang HZ, Yang ND, Hou P, Zhao W, White KM, Kong W, Dou A, Cui A, Zhang G, Cohen IS, Zou X, Cui J. A PIP 2 substitute mediates voltage sensor-pore coupling in KCNQ activation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:385. [PMID: 32678288 PMCID: PMC7367283 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNQ family K+ channels (KCNQ1-5) in the heart, nerve, epithelium and ear require phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) for voltage dependent activation. While membrane lipids are known to regulate voltage sensor domain (VSD) activation and pore opening in voltage dependent gating, PIP2 was found to interact with KCNQ1 and mediate VSD-pore coupling. Here, we show that a compound CP1, identified in silico based on the structures of both KCNQ1 and PIP2, can substitute for PIP2 to mediate VSD-pore coupling. Both PIP2 and CP1 interact with residues amongst a cluster of amino acids critical for VSD-pore coupling. CP1 alters KCNQ channel function due to different interactions with KCNQ compared with PIP2. We also found that CP1 returned drug-induced action potential prolongation in ventricular myocytes to normal durations. These results reveal the structural basis of PIP2 regulation of KCNQ channels and indicate a potential approach for the development of anti-arrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Xianjin Xu
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Junyuan Gao
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Moawiah M. Naffaa
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Hongwu Liang
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Jingyi Shi
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Hong Zhan Wang
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Nien-Du Yang
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Panpan Hou
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Wenshan Zhao
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Kelli McFarland White
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Wenjuan Kong
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Alex Dou
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Amy Cui
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Guohui Zhang
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Ira S. Cohen
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Institute for Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Data Science & Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Jianmin Cui
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130 USA
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159
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Wacker C, Dams N, Schauer A, Ritzer A, Volk T, Wagner M. Region-specific mechanisms of corticosteroid-mediated inotropy in rat cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11604. [PMID: 32665640 PMCID: PMC7360564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional differences in ion channel activity in the heart control the sequence of repolarization and may contribute to differences in contraction. Corticosteroids such as aldosterone or corticosterone increase the L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL) in the heart via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Here, we investigate the differential impact of corticosteroid-mediated increase in ICaL on action potentials (AP), ion currents, intracellular Ca2+ handling and contractility in endo- and epicardial myocytes of the rat left ventricle. Dexamethasone led to a similar increase in ICaL in endocardial and epicardial myocytes, while the K+ currents Ito and IK were unaffected. However, AP duration (APD) and AP-induced Ca2+ influx (QCa) significantly increased exclusively in epicardial myocytes, thus abrogating the normal differences between the groups. Dexamethasone increased Ca2+ transients, contractility and SERCA activity in both regions, the latter possibly due to a decrease in total phospholamban (PLB) and an increase PLBpThr17. These results suggest that corticosteroids are powerful modulators of ICaL, Ca2+ transients and contractility in both endo- and epicardial myocytes, while APD and QCa are increased in epicardial myocytes only. This indicates that increased ICaL and SERCA activity rather than QCa are the primary drivers of contractility by adrenocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wacker
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niklas Dams
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schauer
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Ritzer
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tilmann Volk
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Physiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Abteilung für Rhythmologie, Herzzentrum Dresden, Fetscherstraße 76, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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160
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Brueske B, Sidhu MS, Schulman-Marcus J, Kashani KB, Barsness GW, Jentzer JC. Hyperkalemia Is Associated With Increased Mortality Among Unselected Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011814. [PMID: 30922150 PMCID: PMC6509722 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperkalemia has been associated with increased mortality in patients with myocardial infarction, but few data exist regarding hyperkalemia in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients. We hypothesize that hyperkalemia is associated with increased mortality in unselected CICU patients. Methods and Results We retrospectively reviewed a historical cohort of 9681 CICU patients admitted from January 2007 to December 2015. Hyperkalemia was defined as admission potassium ≥5.0 mEq/L and hypokalemia as admission potassium <3.5 mEq/L. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Postdischarge survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. The mean age of included patients was 67±15 years, with 36% females, and in‐hospital mortality was 9%. Hyperkalemia occurred in 1187 (12.3%) and hypokalemia occurred in 719 (7.4%) patients. Both patients with hyperkalemia (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.40–3.39; P<0.001) and patients with hypokalemia (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.85–2.88; P<0.001) were at increased risk of unadjusted in‐hospital mortality. After adjustment for illness severity and renal function, only patients with hyperkalemia demonstrated increased risk of in‐hospital death (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11–1.87; P=0.006). Among hospital survivors, only patients with hyperkalemia had lower postdischarge survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis (P<0.001). After adjustment for illness severity and renal function, hospital survivors with admission hyperkalemia remained at increased risk for postdischarge mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08–1.34; P<0.001). Conclusions Hyperkalemia on CICU admission is associated with higher in‐hospital and postdischarge mortality, independent of renal function and illness severity. These findings emphasize the importance of potassium abnormalities as a risk predictor in patients admitted to the CICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brueske
- 1 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Albany Medical Center Albany NY
| | - Mandeep S Sidhu
- 1 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Albany Medical Center Albany NY
| | | | - Kianoush B Kashani
- 2 Division of Nephrology & Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | | | - Jacob C Jentzer
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,4 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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161
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Tinaquero D, Crespo-García T, Utrilla RG, Nieto-Marín P, González-Guerra A, Rubio-Alarcón M, Cámara-Checa A, Dago M, Matamoros M, Pérez-Hernández M, Tamargo M, Cebrián J, Jalife J, Tamargo J, Bernal JA, Caballero R, Delpón E. The p.P888L SAP97 polymorphism increases the transient outward current (I to,f) and abbreviates the action potential duration and the QT interval. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10707. [PMID: 32612162 PMCID: PMC7329876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse-Associated Protein 97 (SAP97) is an anchoring protein that in cardiomyocytes targets to the membrane and regulates Na+ and K+ channels. Here we compared the electrophysiological effects of native (WT) and p.P888L SAP97, a common polymorphism. Currents were recorded in cardiomyocytes from mice trans-expressing human WT or p.P888L SAP97 and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-transfected cells. The duration of the action potentials and the QT interval were significantly shorter in p.P888L-SAP97 than in WT-SAP97 mice. Compared to WT, p.P888L SAP97 significantly increased the charge of the Ca-independent transient outward (Ito,f) current in cardiomyocytes and the charge crossing Kv4.3 channels in CHO cells by slowing Kv4.3 inactivation kinetics. Silencing or inhibiting Ca/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) abolished the p.P888L-induced Kv4.3 charge increase, which was also precluded in channels (p.S550A Kv4.3) in which the CaMKII-phosphorylation is prevented. Computational protein-protein docking predicted that p.P888L SAP97 is more likely to form a complex with CaMKII than WT. The Na+ current and the current generated by Kv1.5 channels increased similarly in WT-SAP97 and p.P888L-SAP97 cardiomyocytes, while the inward rectifier current increased in WT-SAP97 but not in p.P888L-SAP97 cardiomyocytes. The p.P888L SAP97 polymorphism increases the Ito,f, a CaMKII-dependent effect that may increase the risk of arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tinaquero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Crespo-García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel G Utrilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Nieto-Marín
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Rubio-Alarcón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabel Cámara-Checa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dago
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Matamoros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tamargo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Cebrián
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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162
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Richards JR. Mechanisms for the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Arrhythmia Associated With Phytogenic and Synthetic Cannabinoid Use. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 25:508-522. [PMID: 32588641 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420935743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytogenic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa and synthetic cannabinoids are commonly used substances for their recreational and medicinal properties. There are increasing reports of cardiotoxicity in close temporal association with cannabinoid use in patients with structurally normal hearts and absence of coronary arterial disease. Associated adverse events include myocardial ischemia, conduction abnormalities, arrhythmias, and sudden death. This review details the effects of phytogenic and synthetic cannabinoids on diverse receptors based on evidence from in vitro, human, and animal studies to establish a molecular basis for these deleterious clinical effects. The synergism between endocannabinoid dysregulation, cannabinoid receptor, and noncannabinoid receptor binding, and impact on cellular ion flux and coronary microvascular circulation is delineated. Pharmacogenetic factors placing certain patients at higher risk for cardiotoxicity are also correlated with the diverse effects of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Richards
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 70083University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, CA, USA
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163
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Baczkó I, Hornyik T, Brunner M, Koren G, Odening KE. Transgenic Rabbit Models in Proarrhythmia Research. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 32581808 PMCID: PMC7291951 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced proarrhythmia constitutes a potentially lethal side effect of various drugs. Most often, this proarrhythmia is mechanistically linked to the drug's potential to interact with repolarizing cardiac ion channels causing a prolongation of the QT interval in the ECG. Despite sophisticated screening approaches during drug development, reliable prediction of proarrhythmia remains very challenging. Although drug-induced long-QT-related proarrhythmia is often favored by conditions or diseases that impair the individual's repolarization reserve, most cellular, tissue, and whole animal model systems used for drug safety screening are based on normal, healthy models. In recent years, several transgenic rabbit models for different types of long QT syndromes (LQTS) with differences in the extent of impairment in repolarization reserve have been generated. These might be useful for screening/prediction of a drug's potential for long-QT-related proarrhythmia, particularly as different repolarizing cardiac ion channels are impaired in the different models. In this review, we summarize the electrophysiological characteristics of the available transgenic LQTS rabbit models, and the pharmacological proof-of-principle studies that have been performed with these models—highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of LQTS models for proarrhythmia research. In the end, we give an outlook on potential future directions and novel models.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hornyik
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Brunner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, St. Josefskrankenhaus, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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164
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Jansen HJ, Bohne LJ, Gillis AM, Rose RA. Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in acquired forms of cardiovascular disease. Heart Rhythm O2 2020; 1:147-159. [PMID: 34113869 PMCID: PMC8183954 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in common conditions and acquired forms of heart disease, including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. AF is also prevalent in aging. Although acquired heart disease is common in aging individuals, age is also an independent risk factor for AF. Importantly, not all individuals age at the same rate. Rather, individuals of the same chronological age can vary in health status from fit to frail. Frailty can be quantified using a frailty index, which can be used to assess heterogeneity in individuals of the same chronological age. AF is thought to occur in association with electrical remodeling due to changes in ion channel expression or function as well as structural remodeling due to fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, or adiposity. These forms of remodeling can lead to triggered activity and electrical re-entry, which are fundamental mechanisms of AF initiation and maintenance. Nevertheless, the underlying determinants of electrical and structural remodeling are distinct in different conditions and disease states. In this focused review, we consider the factors leading to atrial electrical and structural remodeling in human patients and animal models of acquired cardiovascular disease or associated risk factors. Our goal is to identify similarities and differences in the cellular and molecular bases for atrial electrical and structural remodeling in conditions including DM, hypertension, hypertrophy, heart failure, aging, and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey J Jansen
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Loryn J Bohne
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anne M Gillis
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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165
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Abstract
This review is focusing on the understanding of various factors and components governing and controlling the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias including (i) the role of various ion channel-related changes in the action potential (AP), (ii) electrocardiograms (ECGs), (iii) some important arrhythmogenic mediators of reperfusion, and pharmacological approaches to their attenuation. The transmembrane potential in myocardial cells is depending on the cellular concentrations of several ions including sodium, calcium, and potassium on both sides of the cell membrane and active or inactive stages of ion channels. The movements of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ via cell membranes produce various currents that provoke AP, determining the cardiac cycle and heart function. A specific channel has its own type of gate, and it is opening and closing under specific transmembrane voltage, ionic, or metabolic conditions. APs of sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and Purkinje cells determine the pacemaker activity (depolarization phase 4) of the heart, leading to the surface manifestation, registration, and evaluation of ECG waves in both animal models and humans. AP and ECG changes are key factors in arrhythmogenesis, and the analysis of these changes serve for the clarification of the mechanisms of antiarrhythmic drugs. The classification of antiarrhythmic drugs may be based on their electrophysiological properties emphasizing the connection between basic electrophysiological activities and antiarrhythmic properties. The review also summarizes some important mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium and permits an assessment of antiarrhythmic potential of drugs used for pharmacotherapy under experimental and clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Tosaki
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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166
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Schaumann EN, Tian B. Biological Interfaces, Modulation, and Sensing with Inorganic Nano-Bioelectronic Materials. SMALL METHODS 2020; 4:1900868. [PMID: 34295965 PMCID: PMC8294120 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201900868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The last several years have seen a large and increasing interest in scientific developments that combine methods and materials from nanotechnology with questions and applications in bioelectronics. This follows with a number of broader trends: the rapid increase in functionality for materials at the nanoscale; a growing recognition of the importance of electric fields in diverse physiological processes; and continuous improvements in technologies that are naturally complementary with bioelectronics, such as optogenetics. Here, a progress report is provided on several of the most exciting recent developments in this field. The three critical functions of biointerface formation, biological modulation, and biological sensing using newly developed nanoscale materials are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik N Schaumann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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167
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Brewer KR, Kuenze G, Vanoye CG, George AL, Meiler J, Sanders CR. Structures Illuminate Cardiac Ion Channel Functions in Health and in Long QT Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:550. [PMID: 32431610 PMCID: PMC7212895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac action potential is critical to the production of a synchronized heartbeat. This electrical impulse is governed by the intricate activity of cardiac ion channels, among them the cardiac voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels KCNQ1 and hERG as well as the voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel encoded by SCN5A. Each channel performs a highly distinct function, despite sharing a common topology and structural components. These three channels are also the primary proteins mutated in congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), a genetic condition that predisposes to cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death due to impaired repolarization of the action potential and has a particular proclivity for reentrant ventricular arrhythmias. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures of human KCNQ1 and hERG, along with the rat homolog of SCN5A and other mammalian sodium channels, provide atomic-level insight into the structure and function of these proteins that advance our understanding of their distinct functions in the cardiac action potential, as well as the molecular basis of LQTS. In this review, the gating, regulation, LQTS mechanisms, and pharmacological properties of KCNQ1, hERG, and SCN5A are discussed in light of these recent structural findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Brewer
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Georg Kuenze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carlos G. Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alfred L. George
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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168
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Imoto K, Aratani M, Koyama T, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Thrombospondin-4 induces prolongation of action potential duration in rat isolated ventricular myocytes. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:707-712. [PMID: 32249254 PMCID: PMC7324826 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4), a matricellular protein, is increased in the
heart tissue of various cardiac disease models. In dorsal root ganglion neurons, TSP-4
inhibits L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) activity. Although TSP-4 might be related
to the electrophysiological properties in heart, it remains to be clarified. The present
study aimed to clarify the effects of TSP-4 on action potential (AP), LTCC current
(ICaL) and voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel
current (IKv) in rat isolated ventricular myocytes by a patch
clamp technique. Ventricular myocytes were isolated from the heart of adult male Wistar
rats. The ventricular myocytes were treated with TSP-4 (5 nM) or its vehicle for 4 hr.
Then, whole-cell patch clamp technique was performed to measure AP (current-clamp mode)
and ICaL and IKv (voltage-clamp
mode). The mRNA expression of Kv channels was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase
chain reaction. TSP-4 had no effect on the resting membrane potential and peak amplitude
of AP. On the other hand, TSP-4 significantly prolonged AP duration (APD) at 50% and 90%
repolarization. TSP-4 significantly inhibited the peak amplitudes of
ICaL and IKv. TSP-4 had no
effect on mRNA expression of Kv channels (Kcna4, Kcna5,
Kcnb1, Kcnd2 and Kcnd3). The present
study for the first time demonstrated that TSP-4 prolongs APD in rat ventricular myocytes,
which is possibly mediated through the suppression of Kv channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Momoko Aratani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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169
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Bohannon BM, de la Cruz A, Wu X, Jowais JJ, Perez ME, Dykxhoorn DM, Liin SI, Larsson HP. Polyunsaturated fatty acid analogues differentially affect cardiac Na V, Ca V, and K V channels through unique mechanisms. eLife 2020; 9:51453. [PMID: 32207683 PMCID: PMC7159882 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac ventricular action potential depends on several voltage-gated ion channels, including NaV, CaV, and KV channels. Mutations in these channels can cause Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) which increases the risk for ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have emerged as potential therapeutics for LQTS because they are modulators of voltage-gated ion channels. Here we demonstrate that PUFA analogues vary in their selectivity for human voltage-gated ion channels involved in the ventricular action potential. The effects of specific PUFA analogues range from selective for a specific ion channel to broadly modulating cardiac ion channels from all three families (NaV, CaV, and KV). In addition, a PUFA analogue selective for the cardiac IKs channel (Kv7.1/KCNE1) is effective in shortening the cardiac action potential in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Our data suggest that PUFA analogues could potentially be developed as therapeutics for LQTS and cardiac arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana M Bohannon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Alicia de la Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Xiaoan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Jessica J Jowais
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Marta E Perez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Sara I Liin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - H Peter Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
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170
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Musa H, Marcou CA, Herron TJ, Makara MA, Tester DJ, O'Connell RP, Rosinski B, Guerrero-Serna G, Milstein ML, Monteiro da Rocha A, Ye D, Crotti L, Nesterenko VV, Castelletti S, Torchio M, Kotta MC, Dagradi F, Antzelevitch C, Mohler PJ, Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ, Anumonwo JM. Abnormal myocardial expression of SAP97 is associated with arrhythmogenic risk. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1357-H1370. [PMID: 32196358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00481.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97) is a scaffolding protein crucial for the functional expression of several cardiac ion channels and therefore proper cardiac excitability. Alterations in the functional expression of SAP97 can modify the ionic currents underlying the cardiac action potential and consequently confer susceptibility for arrhythmogenesis. In this study, we generated a murine model for inducible, cardiac-targeted Sap97 ablation to investigate arrhythmia susceptibility and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we sought to identify human SAP97 (DLG1) variants that were associated with inherited arrhythmogenic disease. The murine model of cardiac-specific Sap97 ablation demonstrated several ECG abnormalities, pronounced action potential prolongation subject to high incidence of arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations and notable alterations in the activity of the main cardiac ion channels. However, no DLG1 mutations were found in 40 unrelated cases of genetically elusive long QT syndrome (LQTS). Instead, we provide the first evidence implicating a gain of function in human DLG1 mutation resulting in an increase in Kv4.3 current (Ito) as a novel, potentially pathogenic substrate for Brugada syndrome (BrS). In conclusion, DLG1 joins a growing list of genes encoding ion channel interacting proteins (ChIPs) identified as potential channelopathy-susceptibility genes because of their ability to regulate the trafficking, targeting, and modulation of ion channels that are critical for the generation and propagation of the cardiac electrical impulse. Dysfunction in these critical components of cardiac excitability can potentially result in fatal cardiac disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The gene encoding SAP97 (DLG1) joins a growing list of genes encoding ion channel-interacting proteins (ChIPs) identified as potential channelopathy-susceptibility genes because of their ability to regulate the trafficking, targeting, and modulation of ion channels that are critical for the generation and propagation of the cardiac electrical impulse. In this study we provide the first data supporting DLG1-encoded SAP97's candidacy as a minor Brugada syndrome susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Musa
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cherisse A Marcou
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Todd J Herron
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael A Makara
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David J Tester
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ryan P O'Connell
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brad Rosinski
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michelle L Milstein
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - André Monteiro da Rocha
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Cardiovascular Regeneration Core Laboratory, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dan Ye
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lia Crotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Castelletti
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Torchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria-Christina Kotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dagradi
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Peter J Mohler
- Departments of Internal Medicine and of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Justus M Anumonwo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular) and of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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171
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Loss of insulin signaling may contribute to atrial fibrillation and atrial electrical remodeling in type 1 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7990-8000. [PMID: 32198206 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914853117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in diabetes mellitus (DM); however, the basis for this is unknown. This study investigated AF susceptibility and atrial electrophysiology in type 1 diabetic Akita mice using in vivo intracardiac electrophysiology, high-resolution optical mapping in atrial preparations, and patch clamping in isolated atrial myocytes. qPCR and western blotting were used to assess ion channel expression. Akita mice were highly susceptible to AF in association with increased P-wave duration and slowed atrial conduction velocity. In a second model of type 1 DM, mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) showed a similar increase in susceptibility to AF. Chronic insulin treatment reduced susceptibility and duration of AF and shortened P-wave duration in Akita mice. Atrial action potential (AP) morphology was altered in Akita mice due to a reduction in upstroke velocity and increases in AP duration. In Akita mice, atrial Na+ current (INa) and repolarizing K+ current (IK) carried by voltage gated K+ (Kv1.5) channels were reduced. The reduction in INa occurred in association with reduced expression of SCN5a and voltage gated Na+ (NaV1.5) channels as well as a shift in INa activation kinetics. Insulin potently and selectively increased INa in Akita mice without affecting IK Chronic insulin treatment increased INa in association with increased expression of NaV1.5. Acute insulin also increased INa, although to a smaller extent, due to enhanced insulin signaling via phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3). Our study reveals a critical, selective role for insulin in regulating atrial INa, which impacts susceptibility to AF in type 1 DM.
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172
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Liu Z, Jia Y, Song L, Tian Y, Zhang P, Zhang P, Cao Z, Ma J. Antiarrhythmic effect of crotonoside by regulating sodium and calcium channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Life Sci 2020; 244:117333. [PMID: 31962132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Detect the antiarrhythmic effect of crotonoside (Cro). MAIN METHODS We used whole-cell patch-clamp techniques to detect the effects of Cro on action potentials (APs) and transmembrane ion currents in isolated rabbit left ventricular myocytes. We also verified the effect of Cro on ventricular arrhythmias caused by aconitine in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Cro reduced the maximum depolarization velocity (Vmax) of APs and shortened the action potential duration (APD) in a concentration-dependent manner, but it had no significant effect on the resting membrane potential (RMP) or action potential amplitude (APA). It also inhibited the peak sodium current (INa) and L-type calcium current (ICaL) in a concentration-dependent manner with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 192 μmol/L and 159 μmol/L, respectively. However, Cro had no significant effects on the inward rectifier potassium current (IK1) or rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). Sea anemone toxin II (ATX II) increased the late sodium current (INaL), but Cro abolished this effect. Moreover, Cro significantly abolished ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and high extracellular Ca2+ concentration (3.6 mmol/L)-induced delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). We also verified that Cro effectively delayed the onset time and reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias caused by aconitine in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE These results revealed that Cro effectively inhibits INa, INaL, and ICaL in ventricular myocytes. Cro has antiarrhythmic potential and thus deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipei Liu
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuzhong Jia
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lv Song
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Youjia Tian
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jihua Ma
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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173
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Huang CLH, Wu L, Jeevaratnam K, Lei M. Update on antiarrhythmic drug pharmacology. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:579-592. [PMID: 31930579 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a major public health problem. Pharmacological intervention remains mainstay to their clinical management. This, in turn, depends upon systematic drug classification schemes relating their molecular, cellular, and systems effects to clinical indications and therapeutic actions. This approach was first pioneered in the 1960s Vaughan-Williams classification. Subsequent progress in cardiac electrophysiological understanding led to a lag between the fundamental science and its clinical translation, partly addressed by The working group of the European Society of Cardiology (1991), which, however, did not emerge with formal classifications. We here utilize the recent Revised Oxford Classification Scheme to review antiarrhythmic drug pharmacology. We survey drugs and therapeutic targets offered by the more recently characterized ion channels, transporters, receptors, intracellular Ca2+ handling, and cell signaling molecules. These are organized into their strategic roles in cardiac electrophysiological function. Following analysis of the arrhythmic process itself, we consider (a) pharmacological agents directly targeting membrane function, particularly the Na+ and K+ ion channels underlying depolarizing and repolarizing events in the cardiac action potential. (b) We also consider agents that modify autonomic activity that, in turn, affects both the membrane and (c) the Ca2+ homeostatic and excitation-contraction coupling processes linking membrane excitation to contractile activation. Finally, we consider (d) drugs acting on more upstream energetic and structural remodeling processes currently the subject of clinical trials. Such systematic correlations of drug actions and arrhythmic mechanisms at different molecular to systems levels of cardiac function will facilitate current and future antiarrhythmic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L-H Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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174
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Korevaar PA, Kaplan CN, Grinthal A, Rust RM, Aizenberg J. Non-equilibrium signal integration in hydrogels. Nat Commun 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 31959819 PMCID: PMC6971035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that perform complex chemical signal processing are ubiquitous in living systems. Their synthetic analogs would transform developments in biomedicine, catalysis, and many other areas. By drawing inspiration from biological signaling dynamics, we show how simple hydrogels have a previously untapped capacity for non-equilibrium chemical signal processing and integration. Using a common polyacrylic acid hydrogel, with divalent cations and acid as representative stimuli, we demonstrate the emergence of non-monotonic osmosis-driven spikes and waves of expansion/contraction, as well as traveling color waves. These distinct responses emerge from different combinations of rates and sequences of arriving stimuli. A non-equilibrium continuum theory we developed quantitatively captures the non-monotonic osmosis-driven deformation waves and determines the onset of their emergence in terms of the input parameters. These results suggest that simple hydrogels, already built into numerous systems, have a much larger sensing space than currently employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Korevaar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - C Nadir Kaplan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Alison Grinthal
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Reanne M Rust
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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175
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Pourrier M, Fedida D. The Emergence of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) as a Platform to Model Arrhythmogenic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020657. [PMID: 31963859 PMCID: PMC7013748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for improved in vitro models of inherited cardiac diseases to better understand basic cellular and molecular mechanisms and advance drug development. Most of these diseases are associated with arrhythmias, as a result of mutations in ion channel or ion channel-modulatory proteins. Thus far, the electrophysiological phenotype of these mutations has been typically studied using transgenic animal models and heterologous expression systems. Although they have played a major role in advancing the understanding of the pathophysiology of arrhythmogenesis, more physiological and predictive preclinical models are necessary to optimize the treatment strategy for individual patients. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have generated much interest as an alternative tool to model arrhythmogenic diseases. They provide a unique opportunity to recapitulate the native-like environment required for mutated proteins to reproduce the human cellular disease phenotype. However, it is also important to recognize the limitations of this technology, specifically their fetal electrophysiological phenotype, which differentiates them from adult human myocytes. In this review, we provide an overview of the major inherited arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases modeled using hiPSC-CMs and for which the cellular disease phenotype has been somewhat characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pourrier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
- IonsGate Preclinical Services Inc., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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176
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Asfaw TN, Tyan L, Glukhov AV, Bondarenko VE. A compartmentalized mathematical model of mouse atrial myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H485-H507. [PMID: 31951471 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00460.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various experimental mouse models are extensively used to research human diseases, including atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac rhythm disorder. Despite this, there are no comprehensive mathematical models that describe the complex behavior of the action potential and [Ca2+]i transients in mouse atrial myocytes. Here, we develop a novel compartmentalized mathematical model of mouse atrial myocytes that combines the action potential, [Ca2+]i dynamics, and β-adrenergic signaling cascade for a subpopulation of right atrial myocytes with developed transverse-axial tubule system. The model consists of three compartments related to β-adrenergic signaling (caveolae, extracaveolae, and cytosol) and employs local control of Ca2+ release. It also simulates ionic mechanisms of action potential generation and describes atrial-specific Ca2+ handling as well as frequency dependences of the action potential and [Ca2+]i transients. The model showed that the T-type Ca2+ current significantly affects the later stage of the action potential, with little effect on [Ca2+]i transients. The block of the small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current leads to a prolongation of the action potential at high intracellular Ca2+. Simulation results obtained from the atrial model cells were compared with those from ventricular myocytes. The developed model represents a useful tool to study complex electrical properties in the mouse atria and could be applied to enhance the understanding of atrial physiology and arrhythmogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new compartmentalized mathematical model of mouse right atrial myocytes was developed. The model simulated action potential and Ca2+ dynamics at baseline and after stimulation of the β-adrenergic signaling system. Simulations showed that the T-type Ca2+ current markedly prolonged the later stage of atrial action potential repolarization, with a minor effect on [Ca2+]i transients. The small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current block resulted in prolongation of the action potential only at the relatively high intracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Negash Asfaw
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leonid Tyan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vladimir E Bondarenko
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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177
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Li Q, Zhai Z, Li J. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are potential ion channel modifiers associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172920. [PMID: 31935396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stable electrical activity in cardiac myocytes is the basis of maintaining normal myocardial systolic and diastolic function. Cardiac ionic currents and their associated regulatory proteins are crucial to myocyte excitability and heart function. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are intracellular noncanonical fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that are incapable of activating FGF receptors. The main functions of FHFs are to regulate ion channels and influence excitability, which are processes involved in sustaining normal cardiac function. In addition to their regulatory effect on ion channels, FHFs can be regulators of cardiac hypertrophic signaling and alter signaling pathways, including the protein kinase, NF<kappa>B, and p53 pathways, which are related to the pathological processes of heart diseases. This review emphasizes FHF-mediated regulation of cardiac excitability and the association of FHFs with cardiac arrhythmias and explores the idea that abnormal FHFs may be an unrecognized cause of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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178
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Becker N, Horváth A, De Boer T, Fabbri A, Grad C, Fertig N, George M, Obergrussberger A. Automated Dynamic Clamp for Simulation of I
K1
in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes in Real Time Using Patchliner Dynamite
8. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 88:e70. [DOI: 10.1002/cpph.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teun De Boer
- Department of Medical PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Alan Fabbri
- Department of Medical PhysiologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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179
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Zhao Z, Ruan S, Ma X, Feng Q, Xie Z, Nie Z, Fan P, Qian M, He X, Wu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X. Challenges Faced with Small Molecular Modulators of Potassium Current Channel Isoform Kv1.5. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E10. [PMID: 31861703 PMCID: PMC7022446 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5, which mediates the cardiac ultra-rapid delayed-rectifier (IKur) current in human cells, has a crucial role in atrial fibrillation. Therefore, the design of selective Kv1.5 modulators is essential for the treatment of pathophysiological conditions involving Kv1.5 activity. This review summarizes the progress of molecular structures and the functionality of different types of Kv1.5 modulators, with a focus on clinical cardiovascular drugs and a number of active natural products, through a summarization of 96 compounds currently widely used. Furthermore, we also discuss the contributions of Kv1.5 and the regulation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of synthetic Kv1.5 inhibitors in human pathophysiology. SAR analysis is regarded as a useful strategy in structural elucidation, as it relates to the characteristics that improve compounds targeting Kv1.5. Herein, we present previous studies regarding the structural, pharmacological, and SAR information of the Kv1.5 modulator, through which we can assist in identifying and designing potent and specific Kv1.5 inhibitors in the treatment of diseases involving Kv1.5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Songsong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhuosong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhuang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Peinan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Mingcheng Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519041, China;
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 8232, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China; (Z.Z.); (S.R.); (X.M.); (Q.F.); (Z.X.); (Z.N.); (P.F.); (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Pharmacy, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
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180
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Tse G, Lee S, Gong M, Mililis P, Asvestas D, Bazoukis G, Roever L, Jeevaratnam K, Hothi SS, Li KHC, Liu T, Letsas KP. Restitution metrics in Brugada syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2019; 57:319-327. [PMID: 31836966 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-019-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an ion channelopathy that predisposes affected subjects to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) and sudden cardiac death. Restitution analysis has been examined in BrS patients but not all studies have reported significant differences between BrS patients and controls. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the different restitution indices used in BrS. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched until April 7, 2019, identifying 20 and 27 studies. RESULTS A total of ten studies involving 178 BrS (mean age 38 years old, 63% male) and 102 controls (mean age 31 years old, 42% male) were included in this systematic review. Pacing was carried out at the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT)/right ventricular apex (RPA) (n = 4), RPA (n = 4), or right atrium (RA) (n = 1). Basic cycle lengths of 400 (n = 4), 500 (n = 2), 600 (n = 6) and 750 ms (n = 1) were used. Recording methods include electrograms (n = 4), monophasic action potentials (n = 5), and electrocardiograms (n = 1). Signals were obtained from the RVOT (n = 8), RVA (n = 3), RA (n = 1), or the body surface (n = 1). The maximum restitution slope for endocardial repolarization at the RVOT was 0.87 for BrS patients (n = 5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-1.07) compared with 0.74 in control subjects (n = 4; 95% CI 0.42-1.06), with a significant mean difference of 0.40 (n = 4; 95% CI 0.11-0.69; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Steeper endocardial repolarization restitution slopes are found in BrS patients compared with controls at baseline. Restitution analysis can provide important information for risk stratification in BrS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sharen Lee
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Panagiotis Mililis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Asvestas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Bazoukis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sandeep S Hothi
- Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ka Hou Christien Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
| | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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181
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The membrane protein KCNQ1 potassium ion channel: Functional diversity and current structural insights. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183148. [PMID: 31825788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels play crucial roles in cellular biology, physiology, and communication including sensory perception. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels execute their function by sensor activation, pore-coupling, and pore opening leading to K+ conductance. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review focuses on a voltage-gated K+ ion channel KCNQ1 (Kv 7.1). Firstly, discussing its positioning in the human ion chanome, and the role of KCNQ1 in the multitude of cellular processes. Next, we discuss the overall channel architecture and current structural insights on KCNQ1. Finally, the gating mechanism involving members of the KCNE family and its interaction with non-KCNE partners. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS KCNQ1 executes its important physiological functions via interacting with KCNE1 and non-KCNE1 proteins/molecules: calmodulin, PIP2, PKA. Although, KCNQ1 has been studied in great detail, several aspects of the channel structure and function still remain unexplored. This review emphasizes the structural and biophysical studies of KCNQ1, its interaction with KCNE1 and non-KCNE1 proteins and focuses on several seminal findings showing the role of VSD and the pore domain in the channel activation and gating properties. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE KCNQ1 mutations can result in channel defects and lead to several diseases including atrial fibrillation and long QT syndrome. Therefore, a thorough structure-function understanding of this channel complex is essential to understand its role in both normal and disease biology. Moreover, unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this channel complex will help to find therapeutic strategies for several diseases.
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182
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Liin SI, Yazdi S, Ramentol R, Barro-Soria R, Larsson HP. Mechanisms Underlying the Dual Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Analogs on Kv7.1. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2908-2918. [PMID: 30208316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) analogs represent a new class of potential anti-arrhythmic KV7.1 and KV7.1+KCNE1 channel activators. In this study, we describe dual independent activating effects of negatively charged PUFA analogs on KV7.1 and KV7.1+KCNE1 that are dependent on discrete channel motifs. PUFA analogs are critically dependent on K326 in S6 of KV7.1 to increase the maximum conductance and critically dependent on specific S4 arginines in KV7.1 to shift the voltage dependence of channel opening toward negative voltages. Our findings provide insights into how KV7.1+KCNE1 activators may interact electrostatically both with the pore domain and the voltage-sensing domain to augment channel activity. We believe that the molecular understanding of how PUFA analogs induce dual independent activating effects is an important step toward the development of effective anti-arrhythmic drugs that target KV7.1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Liin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Samira Yazdi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rosamary Ramentol
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rene Barro-Soria
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - H Peter Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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183
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Joviano-Santos JV, Santos-Miranda A, Joca HC, Cruz JS, Ferreira AJ. Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) has cellular and in vivo antiarrhythmic effects. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:213-219. [PMID: 31643111 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an anti-protozoan compound that has been previously reported to increase the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus increase Angiotensin-(1-7) production, leading to cardioprotection against post-myocardial infarction dysfunction and structural remodelling. Moreover, DIZE is able to ameliorate morpho-functional changes after myocardial infarction by enhancing ACE2 activity, thus increasing Angiotensin-(1-7) production (a benefic peptide of the renin-angiotensin system). However, despite the improvement in cardiac function/structure, little is known about DIZE effects on arrhythmia suppression, contraction/excitable aspects of the heart and importantly its mechanisms of action. Thus, our aim was to test the acute effect of DIZE cardioprotection at the specific level of potential antiarrhythmic effects and modulation in excitation-contraction coupling. For this, we performed in vitro and in vivo techniques for arrhythmia induction followed by an acute administration of DIZE. For the first time, we described that DIZE can reduce arrhythmias which is explained by modulation of cardiomyocyte contraction and excitability. Such effects were independent of Mas receptor and nitric oxide release. Development of a new DIZE-based approach to ameliorate myocardial contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction requires further investigation; however, DIZE may provide the basis for a future beneficial therapy to post-myocardial infarction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto C Joca
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas, Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson J Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas, Gerais, Brazil
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184
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Sattler SM, Skibsbye L, Linz D, Lubberding AF, Tfelt-Hansen J, Jespersen T. Ventricular Arrhythmias in First Acute Myocardial Infarction: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Interventions in Large Animal Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:158. [PMID: 31750317 PMCID: PMC6848060 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmia and subsequent sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most frequent causes of death in humans. Lethal ventricular arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation (VF) prior to hospitalization have been reported to occur in more than 10% of all AMI cases and survival in these patients is poor. Identification of risk factors and mechanisms for VF following AMI as well as implementing new risk stratification models and therapeutic approaches is therefore an important step to reduce mortality in people with high cardiovascular risk. Studying spontaneous VF following AMI in humans is challenging as it often occurs unexpectedly in a low risk subgroup. Large animal models of AMI can help to bridge this knowledge gap and are utilized to investigate occurrence of arrhythmias, involved mechanisms and therapeutic options. Comparable anatomy and physiology allow for this translational approach. Through experimental focus, using state-of-the-art technologies, including refined electrical mapping equipment and novel pharmacological investigations, valuable insights into arrhythmia mechanisms and possible interventions for arrhythmia-induced SCD during the early phase of AMI are now beginning to emerge. This review describes large experimental animal models of AMI with focus on first AMI-associated ventricular arrhythmias. In this context, epidemiology of first AMI, arrhythmogenic mechanisms and various potential therapeutic pharmacological targets will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Michael Sattler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Medical Department I, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lasse Skibsbye
- Department of Exploratory Toxicology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dominik Linz
- Medical Department III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anniek Frederike Lubberding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Jespersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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185
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Potekhina VM, Averina OA, Razumov AA, Kuzmin VS, Rozenshtraukh LV. The local repolarization heterogeneity in the murine pulmonary veins myocardium contributes to the spatial distribution of the adrenergically induced ectopic foci. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1041-1055. [PMID: 31724110 PMCID: PMC10717041 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An atrial tachyarrhythmias is predominantly triggered by a proarrhythmic activity originate from the pulmonary veins (PV) myocardial sleeves; sympathetic or adrenergic stimulation facilitates PV proarrhythmia. In the present study the electrophysiological inhomogeneity, spatiotemporal characteristics of the adrenergically induced ectopic firing and sympathetic nerves distribution have been investigated in a murine PV myocardium to clarify mechanisms of adrenergic PV ectopy. Electrically paced murine PV demonstrate atrial-like pattern of conduction and atrial-like action potentials (AP) with longest duration in the mouth of PV. The application of norepinephrine (NE), agonists of α- and β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) or intracardiac nerves stimulation induced spontaneous AP in a form of periodical bursts or continuous firing. NE- or ARs agonists-induced SAP originated from unifocal ectopic foci with predominant localization in the region surrounding PV mouth, but not in the distal portions of a murine PV myocardium. A higher level of catecholamine content and catecholamine fiber network density was revealed in the PV myocardial sleeves relative to LA appendage. However, no significant local variation of catecholamine content and fiber density was observed in the murine PV. In conclusion, PV mouth region appear to be a most susceptible to adrenergic proarrhythmia in mice. Intrinsic spatial heterogeneity of AP duration can be considered as a factor influencing localization of the ectopic foci in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O A Averina
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Razumov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Rozenshtraukh
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medicine Research Cardiological Complex, Moscow, Russia
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186
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Martinez-Mateu L, Saiz J, Aromolaran AS. Differential Modulation of IK and ICa,L Channels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Guinea Pig Atria. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1212. [PMID: 31607952 PMCID: PMC6773813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity mechanisms that make atrial tissue vulnerable to arrhythmia are poorly understood. Voltage-dependent potassium (IK, IKur, and IK1) and L-type calcium currents (ICa,L) are electrically relevant and represent key substrates for modulation in obesity. We investigated whether electrical remodeling produced by high-fat diet (HFD) alone or in concert with acute atrial stimulation were different. Electrophysiology was used to assess atrial electrical function after short-term HFD-feeding in guinea pigs. HFD atria displayed spontaneous beats, increased IK (IKr + IKs) and decreased ICa,L densities. Only with pacing did a reduction in IKur and increased IK1 phenotype emerge, leading to a further shortening of action potential duration. Computer modeling studies further indicate that the measured changes in potassium and calcium current densities contribute prominently to shortened atrial action potential duration in human heart. Our data are the first to show that multiple mechanisms (shortened action potential duration, early afterdepolarizations and increased incidence of spontaneous beats) may underlie initiation of supraventricular arrhythmias in obese guinea pig hearts. These results offer different mechanistic insights with implications for obese patients harboring supraventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Mateu
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Saiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Metabolism Research Group, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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187
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Garg P, Garg V, Shrestha R, Sanguinetti MC, Kamp TJ, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Cardiac Channelopathies: A Primer for Non-Electrophysiologists. Circ Res 2019; 123:224-243. [PMID: 29976690 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.311209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Life threatening ventricular arrhythmias leading to sudden cardiac death are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In the absence of structural heart disease, these arrhythmias, especially in the younger population, are often an outcome of genetic defects in specialized membrane proteins called ion channels. In the heart, exceptionally well-orchestrated activity of a diversity of ion channels mediates the cardiac action potential. Alterations in either the function or expression of these channels can disrupt the configuration of the action potential, leading to abnormal electrical activity of the heart that can sometimes initiate an arrhythmia. Understanding the pathophysiology of inherited arrhythmias can be challenging because of the complexity of the disorder and lack of appropriate cellular and in vivo models. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell technology have provided remarkable progress in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of ion channel disorders or channelopathies by modeling these complex arrhythmia syndromes in vitro in a dish. To fully realize the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in elucidating the mechanistic basis and complex pathophysiology of channelopathies, it is crucial to have a basic knowledge of cardiac myocyte electrophysiology. In this review, we will discuss the role of the various ion channels in cardiac electrophysiology and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of arrhythmias, highlighting the promise of human induced pluripotent stem cell-cardiomyocytes as a model for investigating inherited arrhythmia syndromes and testing antiarrhythmic strategies. Overall, this review aims to provide a basic understanding of the electrical activity of the heart and related channelopathies, especially to clinicians or research scientists in the cardiovascular field with limited electrophysiology background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Garg
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.).,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.)
| | - Vivek Garg
- Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco (V.G.)
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.).,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.).,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.)
| | | | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison (T.J.K.)
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.) .,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.).,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (P.G., R.S., J.C.W.)
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188
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Wu KC, Bhondoekhan F, Haberlen SA, Ashikaga H, Brown TT, Budoff MJ, D'Souza G, Magnani JW, Kingsley LA, Palella FJ, Margolick JB, Martínez-Maza O, Altekruse SF, Soliman EZ, Post WS. Associations between QT interval subcomponents, HIV serostatus, and inflammation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2019; 25:e12705. [PMID: 31538387 PMCID: PMC7358816 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The total QT interval comprises both ventricular depolarization and repolarization currents. Understanding how HIV serostatus and other risk factors influence specific QT interval subcomponents could improve our mechanistic understanding of arrhythmias. Methods Twelve‐lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were acquired in 774 HIV‐infected (HIV+) and 652 HIV‐uninfected (HIV−) men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Individual QT subcomponent intervals were analyzed: R‐onset to R‐peak, R‐peak to R‐end, JT segment, T‐onset to T‐peak, and T‐peak to T‐end. Using multivariable linear regressions, we investigated associations between HIV serostatus and covariates, including serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and each QT subcomponent. Results After adjustment for demographics and risk factors, HIV+ versus HIV− men differed only in repolarization phase durations with longer T‐onset to T‐peak by 2.3 ms (95% CI 0–4.5, p < .05) and T‐peak to T‐end by 1.6 ms (95% CI 0.3–2.9, p < .05). Adjusting for inflammation attenuated the strength and significance of the relationship between HIV serostatus and repolarization. The highest tertile of IL‐6 was associated with a 7.3 ms (95% CI 3.2–11.5, p < .01) longer T‐onset to T‐peak. Age, race, body mass index, alcohol use, and left ventricular hypertrophy were each associated with up to 2.2–12.5 ms longer T‐wave subcomponents. Conclusions HIV seropositivity, in combination with additional risk factors including increased systemic inflammation, is associated with longer T‐wave subcomponents. These findings could suggest mechanisms by which the ventricular repolarization phase is lengthened and thereby contribute to increased arrhythmic risk in men living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fiona Bhondoekhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sabina A Haberlen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hiroshi Ashikaga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd T Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gypsyamber D'Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jared W Magnani
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, and the Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence A Kingsley
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank J Palella
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sean F Altekruse
- Epidemiology Branch, Prevention and Population Sciences Program, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Cardiology Section, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention and Department of Medicine, Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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189
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Colunga S, Padrón R, García-Iglesias D, Rubín JM, Pérez D, Del Valle R, Avanzas P, Morís C, Calvo D. The QT Interval Dynamic in a Human Experimental Model of Controlled Heart Rate and QRS Widening. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091417. [PMID: 31505725 PMCID: PMC6780531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: there is increasing interest for computing corrected QT intervals in patients with prolonged depolarization. We aimed to analyze the effect of prolonged QRS in the QT and in the diagnostic accuracy of frequency-correction. Methods and Results: in 28 patients admitted for self-expanding aortic valve implantation, sequential pacing was performed in the AAI mode in two different phases: before and immediately after the release of the prosthesis. We evaluated the accuracy of the Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham and Hodges formulas with the reference of the QT at 60 bpm (QTc/deviation). The widening of the QRS was the main contributor to the QT prolongation (Pearson 0.79; CI95%: 0.75-0.84). Prolongation in other intervals (ST segment and T-wave) significantly contribute in the higher frequency range (p < 0.05). The Bazett's formula displayed the highest QTc/deviation, while Framingham and Hodges retrieved the lowest QTc/deviation and the best fit (p < 0.001). In addition, the Bazett's formula displayed the highest correlation between variations in the QTc/deviation and the widening of the QRS (Pearson coefficient -0.54; p < 0.001) in comparison with the Fridericia, Framingham and Hodges formulas (-0.51, -0.37 and -0.38 respectively; p < 0.001). There was also a linear effect of the heart rate in the QTc/deviation obtained with the Bazett's formula (p = 0.015), not observed for other formulas. Conclusions: The prolonged depolarization of the ventricles introduces direct and linear prolongation in the QT interval, but also a non-linear distortion in cardiac repolarization that contributes for QT prolongation at the higher frequency range. The Bazett's formula displays significantly higher sensitivity to prolongation of ECG intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Colunga
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Remigio Padrón
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Daniel García-Iglesias
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Rubín
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Diego Pérez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Raquel Del Valle
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - César Morís
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - David Calvo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
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190
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Souza DSD, Menezes-Filho JERD, Santos-Miranda A, Jesus ICGD, Silva Neto JA, Guatimosim S, Cruz JS, Vasconcelos CMLD. Calcium overload-induced arrhythmia is suppressed by farnesol in rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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191
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Meisel E, Tobelaim W, Dvir M, Haitin Y, Peretz A, Attali B. Inactivation gating of Kv7.1 channels does not involve concerted cooperative subunit interactions. Channels (Austin) 2019; 12:89-99. [PMID: 29451064 PMCID: PMC5972808 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2018.1441649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation is an intrinsic property of numerous voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels and can occur by N-type or/and C-type mechanisms. N-type inactivation is a fast, voltage independent process, coupled to activation, with each inactivation particle of a tetrameric channel acting independently. In N-type inactivation, a single inactivation particle is necessary and sufficient to occlude the pore. C-type inactivation is a slower process, involving the outermost region of the pore and is mediated by a concerted, highly cooperative interaction between all four subunits. Inactivation of Kv7.1 channels does not exhibit the hallmarks of N- and C-type inactivation. Inactivation of WT Kv7.1 channels can be revealed by hooked tail currents that reflects the recovery from a fast and voltage-independent inactivation process. However, several Kv7.1 mutants such as the pore mutant L273F generate an additional voltage-dependent slow inactivation. The subunit interactions during this slow inactivation gating remain unexplored. The goal of the present study was to study the nature of subunit interactions along Kv7.1 inactivation gating, using concatenated tetrameric Kv7.1 channel and introducing sequentially into each of the four subunits the slow inactivating pore mutation L273F. Incorporating an incremental number of inactivating mutant subunits did not affect the inactivation kinetics but slowed down the recovery kinetics from inactivation. Results indicate that Kv7.1 inactivation gating is not compatible with a concerted cooperative process. Instead, adding an inactivating subunit L273F into the Kv7.1 tetramer incrementally stabilizes the inactivated state, which suggests that like for activation gating, Kv7.1 slow inactivation gating is not a concerted process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshcar Meisel
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - William Tobelaim
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Meidan Dvir
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Yoni Haitin
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Asher Peretz
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Bernard Attali
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , the Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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192
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Chinyere IR, Hutchinson M, Moukabary T, Lancaster J, Goldman S, Juneman E. Monophasic action potential amplitude for substrate mapping. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H667-H673. [PMID: 31347917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00225.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although radiofrequency ablation has revolutionized the management of tachyarrhythmias, the rate of arrhythmia recurrence is a large drawback. Successful substrate identification is paramount to abolishing arrhythmia, and bipolar voltage electrogram's narrow field of view can be further reduced for increased sensitivity. In this report, we perform cardiac mapping with monophasic action potential (MAP) amplitude. We hypothesize that MAP amplitude (MAPA) will provide more accurate infarct sizes than other mapping modalities via increased sensitivity to distinguish healthy myocardium from scar tissue. Using the left coronary artery ligation Sprague-Dawley rat model of ischemic heart failure, we investigate the accuracy of in vivo ventricular epicardial maps derived from MAPA, MAP duration to 90% repolarization (MAPD90), unipolar voltage amplitude (UVA), and bipolar voltage amplitude (BVA) compared with gold standard histopathological measurement of infarct size. Numerical analysis reveals discrimination of healthy myocardium versus scar tissue using MAPD90 (P = 0.0158) and UVA (P < 0.001, n = 21). MAPA and BVA decreased between healthy and border tissue (P = 0.0218 and 0.0015, respectively) and border and scar tissue (P = 0.0037 and 0.0094, respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, BVA mapping performed most accurately regarding quantifying infarct size. MAPA mapping may have high spatial resolution for myocardial tissue characterization but was quantitatively less accurate than other mapping methods at determining infarct size. BVA mapping's superior utility has been reinforced, supporting its use in translational research and clinical electrophysiology laboratories. MAPA may hold potential value for precisely distinguishing healthy myocardium, border zone, and scar tissue in diseases of disseminated fibrosis such as atrial fibrillation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Monophasic action potential mapping in a clinically relevant model of heart failure with potential implications for atrial fibrillation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,MD/PhD Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mathew Hutchinson
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Cardiology, Banner-University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | | | - Steven Goldman
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Elizabeth Juneman
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Division of Cardiology, Banner-University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
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193
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Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Rodriguez de Yurre A, Argenziano M, Escobar AL, Ramos-Franco J. Transmural Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Contractility at the Intact Heart Level. Front Physiol 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 31333477 PMCID: PMC6616252 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cardiac excitability and contractility depends on when Ca2+ influx occurs during the ventricular action potential (AP). In mammals, it is accepted that Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channels occurs during AP phase 2. However, in murine models, experimental evidence shows Ca2+ influx takes place during phase 1. Interestingly, Ca2+ influx that activates contraction is highly regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Indeed, autonomic regulation exerts multiple effects on Ca2+ handling and cardiac electrophysiology. In this paper, we explore autonomic regulation in endocardial and epicardial layers of intact beating mice hearts to evaluate their role on cardiac excitability and contractility. We hypothesize that in mouse cardiac ventricles the influx of Ca2+ that triggers excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) does not occur during phase 2. Using pulsed local field fluorescence microscopy and loose patch photolysis, we show sympathetic stimulation by isoproterenol increased the amplitude of Ca2+ transients in both layers. This increase in contractility was driven by an increase in amplitude and duration of the L-type Ca2+ current during phase 1. Interestingly, the β-adrenergic increase of Ca2+ influx slowed the repolarization of phase 1, suggesting a competition between Ca2+ and K+ currents during this phase. In addition, cAMP activated L-type Ca2+ currents before SR Ca2+ release activated the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger currents, indicating Cav1.2 channels are the initial target of PKA phosphorylation. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation by carbachol did not have a substantial effect on amplitude and kinetics of endocardial and epicardial Ca2+ transients. However, carbachol transiently decreased the duration of the AP late phase 2 repolarization. The carbachol-induced shortening of phase 2 did not have a considerable effect on ventricular pressure and systolic Ca2+ dynamics. Interestingly, blockade of muscarinic receptors by atropine prolonged the duration of phase 2 indicating that, in isolated hearts, there is an intrinsic release of acetylcholine. In addition, the acceleration of repolarization induced by carbachol was blocked by the acetylcholine-mediated K+ current inhibition. Our results reveal the transmural ramifications of autonomic regulation in intact mice hearts and support our hypothesis that Ca2+ influx that triggers ECC occurs in AP phase 1 and not in phase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ainhoa Rodriguez de Yurre
- Laboratorio de Cardio Inmunologia, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Argenziano
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ariel L Escobar
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Josefina Ramos-Franco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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194
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Wang Y, Zhu R, Tung L. Contribution of potassium channels to action potential repolarization of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2780-2794. [PMID: 31074016 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The electrophysiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have not yet been characterized in a syncytial context. This study systematically characterized the contributions of different repolarizing potassium currents in human embryonic stem cell-derived CMs (hESC-CMs) during long-term culture as cell monolayers. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The H9 hESC line was differentiated to CMs and plated to form confluent cell monolayers. Optical mapping was used to record the action potentials (APs) and conduction velocity (CV) during electrophysiological and pharmacological experiments. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the presence and expression levels of ion channel subunits. KEY RESULTS Long-term culture of hESC-CMs led to shortened AP duration (APD), faster repolarization rate, and increased CV. Selective block of IKr , IKs , IK1 , and IKur significantly affected AP repolarization and APD in a concentration- and culture time-dependent manner. Baseline variations in APD led to either positive or negative APD dependence of drug response. Chromanol 293B produced greater relative AP prolongation in mid- and late-stage cultures, while DPO-1 had more effect in early-stage cultures. CV in cell monolayers in early- and late-stage cultures was most susceptible to slowing by E-4031 and BaCl2 respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IKr , IKs , IK1 , and IKur all play an essential role in the regulation of APD and CV in hESC-CMs. During time in culture, increased expression of IKr and IK1 helps to accelerate repolarization, shorten APD, and increase CV. We identified a new pro-arrhythmic parameter, positive APD dependence of ion channel block, which can increase APD and repolarization gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renjun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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195
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He S, Wen Q, O’Shea C, Mu-u-min R, Kou K, Grassam-Rowe A, Liu Y, Fan Z, Tan X, Ou X, Camelliti P, Pavlovic D, Lei M. A Protocol for Transverse Cardiac Slicing and Optical Mapping in Murine Heart. Front Physiol 2019; 10:755. [PMID: 31293436 PMCID: PMC6603341 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thin living tissue slices have recently emerged as a new tissue model for cardiac electrophysiological research. Slices can be produced from human cardiac tissue, in addition to small and large mammalian hearts, representing a powerful in vitro model system for preclinical and translational heart research. In the present protocol, we describe a detailed mouse heart transverse slicing and optical imaging methodology. The use of this technology for high-throughput optical imaging allows study of electrophysiology of murine hearts in an organotypic pseudo two-dimensional model. The slices are cut at right angles to the long axis of the heart, permitting robust interrogation of transmembrane potential (Vm) and calcium transients (CaT) throughout the entire heart with exceptional regional precision. This approach enables the use of a series of slices prepared from the ventricles to measure Vm and CaT with high temporal and spatial resolution, allowing (i) comparison of successive slices which form a stack representing the original geometry of the heart; (ii) profiling of transmural and regional gradients in Vm and CaT in the ventricle; (iii) characterization of transmural and regional profiles of action potential and CaT alternans under stress (e.g., high frequency pacing or β-adrenergic stimulation) or pathological conditions (e.g., hypertrophy). Thus, the protocol described here provides a powerful platform for innovative research on electrical and calcium handling heterogeneity within the heart. It can be also combined with optogenetic technology to carry out optical stimulation; aiding studies of cellular Vm and CaT in a cell type specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Q. Wen
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C. O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Mu-u-min
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K. Kou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - A. Grassam-Rowe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Z. Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - X. Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - X. Ou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - P. Camelliti
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - D. Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M. Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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196
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Kodirov SA. Tale of tail current. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 150:78-97. [PMID: 31238048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The largest biomass of channel proteins is located in unicellular organisms and bacteria that have no organs. However, orchestrated bidirectional ionic currents across the cell membrane via the channels are important for the functioning of organs of organisms, and equally concern both fauna or flora. Several ion channels are activated in the course of action potentials. One of the hallmarks of voltage-dependent channels is a 'tail current' - deactivation as observed after prior and sufficient activation predominantly at more depolarized potentials e.g. for Kv while upon hyperpolarization for HCN α subunits. Tail current also reflects the timing of channel closure that is initiated upon termination of stimuli. Finally, deactivation of currents during repolarization could be a selective estimate for given channel as in case of HERG, if dedicated long and more depolarized 'tail pulse' is used. Since from a holding potential of e.g. -70 mV are often a family of outward K+ currents comprising IA and IK are simultaneously activated in native cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodikdjon A Kodirov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, I. P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Emotions' Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
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197
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Perissinotti L, Guo J, Kudaibergenova M, Lees-Miller J, Ol'khovich M, Sharapova A, Perlovich GL, Muruve DA, Gerull B, Noskov SY, Duff HJ. The Pore-Lipid Interface: Role of Amino-Acid Determinants of Lipophilic Access by Ivabradine to the hERG1 Pore Domain. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:259-271. [PMID: 31182542 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac electrical activity is a common side effect caused by unintended block of the promiscuous drug target human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG1), the pore-forming domain of the delayed rectifier K+ channel in the heart. hERG1 block leads to a prolongation of the QT interval, a phase of the cardiac cycle that underlies myocyte repolarization detectable on the electrocardiogram. Even newly released drugs such as heart-rate lowering agent ivabradine block the rapid delayed rectifier current IKr, prolong action potential duration, and induce potentially lethal arrhythmia known as torsades de pointes. In this study, we describe a critical drug-binding pocket located at the lateral pore surface facing the cellular membrane. Mutations of the conserved M651 residue alter ivabradine-induced block but not by the common hERG1 blocker dofetilide. As revealed by molecular dynamics simulations, binding of ivabradine to a lipophilic pore access site is coupled to a state-dependent reorientation of aromatic residues F557 and F656 in the S5 and S6 helices. We show that the M651 mutation impedes state-dependent dynamics of F557 and F656 aromatic cassettes at the protein-lipid interface, which has a potential to disrupt drug-induced block of the channel. This fundamentally new mechanism coupling the channel dynamics and small-molecule access from the membrane into the hERG1 intracavitary site provides a simple rationale for the well established state-dependence of drug blockade. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The drug interference with the function of the cardiac hERG channels represents one of the major sources of drug-induced heart disturbances. We found a novel and a critical drug-binding pocket adjacent to a lipid-facing surface of the hERG1 channel, which furthers our molecular understanding of drug-induced QT syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perissinotti
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Jiqing Guo
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Meruyert Kudaibergenova
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - James Lees-Miller
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Marina Ol'khovich
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Angelica Sharapova
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - German L Perlovich
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Sergei Yu Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
| | - Henry J Duff
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (L.P., M.K., S.Y.N.); Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta (J.G., J.-L.M., H.J.D.) and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases (D.A.M.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, Russian Federation (M.O., A.S., G.L.P.); Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (B.G.); and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (B.G.)
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198
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Kapoor A, Lee D, Zhu L, Soliman EZ, Grove ML, Boerwinkle E, Arking DE, Chakravarti A. Multiple SCN5A variant enhancers modulate its cardiac gene expression and the QT interval. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10636-10645. [PMID: 31068470 PMCID: PMC6561183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808734116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rationale for genome-wide association study (GWAS) results is sequence variation in cis-regulatory elements (CREs) modulating a target gene's expression as the major cause of trait variation. To understand the complete molecular landscape of one of these GWAS loci, we performed in vitro reporter screens in cardiomyocyte cell lines for CREs overlapping nearly all common variants associated with any of five independent QT interval (QTi)-associated GWAS hits at the SCN5A-SCN10A locus. We identified 13 causal CRE variants using allelic reporter activity, cardiomyocyte nuclear extract-based binding assays, overlap with human cardiac tissue DNaseI hypersensitive regions, and predicted impact of sequence variants on DNaseI sensitivity. Our analyses identified at least one high-confidence causal CRE variant for each of the five sentinel hits that could collectively predict SCN5A cardiac gene expression and QTi association. Although all 13 variants could explain SCN5A gene expression, the highest statistical significance was obtained with seven variants (inclusive of the five above). Thus, multiple, causal, mutually associated CRE variants can underlie GWAS signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kapoor
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030;
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Luke Zhu
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Megan L Grove
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Aravinda Chakravarti
- Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016;
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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199
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Reduced hybrid/complex N-glycosylation disrupts cardiac electrical signaling and calcium handling in a model of dilated cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:13-23. [PMID: 31071333 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the third most common cause of heart failure, with ~70% of DCM cases considered idiopathic. We showed recently, through genetic ablation of the MGAT1 gene, which encodes an essential glycosyltransferase (GlcNAcT1), that prevention of cardiomyocyte hybrid/complex N-glycosylation was sufficient to cause DCM that led to heart failure and early death. Our findings are consistent with increasing evidence suggesting a link between aberrant glycosylation and heart diseases of acquired and congenital etiologies. However, the mechanisms by which changes in glycosylation contribute to disease onset and progression remain largely unknown. Activity and gating of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels (Nav and Kv respectively) play pivotal roles in the initiation, shaping and conduction of cardiomyocyte action potentials (APs) and aberrant channel activity was shown to contribute to cardiac disease. We and others showed that glycosylation can impact Nav and Kv function; therefore, here, we investigated the effects of reduced cardiomyocyte hybrid/complex N-glycosylation on channel activity to investigate whether chronic aberrant channel function can contribute to DCM. Ventricular cardiomyocytes from MGAT1 deficient (MGAT1KO) mice display prolonged APs and pacing-induced aberrant early re-activation that can be attributed to, at least in part, a significant reduction in Kv expression and activity that worsens over time suggesting heart disease-related remodeling. MGAT1KO Nav demonstrate no change in expression or maximal conductance but show depolarizing shifts in voltage-dependent gating. Together, the changes in MGAT1KO Nav and Kv function likely contribute to observed anomalous electrocardiograms and Ca2+ handling. These findings provide insight into mechanisms by which altered glycosylation contributes to DCM through changes in Nav and Kv activity that impact conduction, Ca2+ handling and contraction. The MGAT1KO can also serve as a useful model to study the effects of aberrant electrical signaling on cardiac function and the remodeling events that can occur with heart disease progression.
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200
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Ross GR, Rizvi F, Emelyanova L, Tajik AJ, Jahangir A. Prolonged post-differentiation culture influences the expression and biophysics of Na + and Ca 2+ channels in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ventricular-like cardiomyocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:59-66. [PMID: 31041505 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been reported in various domains from induction methods to utilities of somatic cell pluripotent reprogramming. However, one of the major struggles facing the research field of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived target cells is the lack of consistency in observations. This could be due to variety of reasons including varied culture periods post-differentiation. The cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from iPSCs are commonly studied and proposed to be utilized in the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia initiative for drug safety screening. As the influence of varied culture periods on the electrophysiological properties of iPSC-CMs is not clearly known, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we compared two groups of differentiated ventricular-like iPSC-CMs that are cultured for 10 to 15 days (D10-15) and more than 30 days (≥ D30) both under current and voltage clamps. The prolonged culture imparts increased excitability with high-frequency spontaneous action potentials, robust increase in the magnitude of peak Na+ current density, relatively shallow inactivation kinetics of Na+ channels, faster recovery from inactivation, and augmented Ca2+ current density. Quantitative real-time PCR studies of α-subunit transcripts showed enhanced mRNA expression of SCN1A, SCN5A Na+ channel subtypes, and CACNA1C, CACNA1G, and CACNA1I Ca2+ channel subtypes, in ≥ D30 group. Conclusively, the prolonged culture of differentiated iPSC-CMs affects the excitability, single-cell electrophysiological properties, and ion channel expressions. Therefore, following standard periods of culture across research studies while utilizing ventricular-like iPSC-CMs for in vitro health/disease modeling to study cellular functional mechanisms or test high-throughput drugs' efficacy and toxicity becomes crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracious R Ross
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA.
| | - Farhan Rizvi
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA
| | - Larisa Emelyanova
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53215, USA
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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