151
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The Effect of Habitual Fat Intake, IL6 Polymorphism, and Different Diet Strategies on Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women with Central Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071557. [PMID: 31295854 PMCID: PMC6682886 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that habitual fat intake, the IL6 genotype, the Mediterranean diet or the central European diet for 16 weeks affect biomarkers of inflammation in centrally obese postmenopausal women, was tested in a randomized controlled trial. Dietary intake was assessed using a three-day food diary. Lipid parameters were measured using a Beckman Coulter AU analyzer. Transcription of TNF and IL6 genes was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using real-time PCR. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6) were measured with ELISA. rs1800795 polymorphism of IL6 was analyzed using hydrolyzing probes. Higher energy intake from fat was associated with higher IL6 levels (p < 0.05). Significantly (p < 0.01) lower total cholesterol (T-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were observed in the GG IL6 rs1800795 genotype group. Both diets significantly (p < 0.001) decreased TNFα concentrations. Neither IL6 gene transcription levels nor blood IL6 concentrations were affected by them. Our findings confirm that habitual fat intake may affect inflammation. The rs1800795 IL6 polymorphism alone did not significantly affect body weight or body composition in aimed group, but C-allele carriers had higher levels of T-C and LDL-C. This polymorphism did not affect inflammation. Both diets may lead to a decrease in TNFα concentration.
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152
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Arpón A, Milagro FI, Ramos-Lopez O, Mansego ML, Riezu-Boj JI, Martínez JA. Methylome-Wide Association Study in Peripheral White Blood Cells Focusing on Central Obesity and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E444. [PMID: 31212707 PMCID: PMC6627499 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic signatures such as DNA methylation may be associated with specific obesity traits in different tissues. The onset and development of some obesity-related complications are often linked to visceral fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to explore DNA methylation levels in peripheral white blood cells to identify epigenetic methylation marks associated with waist circumference (WC). DNA methylation levels were assessed using Infinium Human Methylation 450K and MethylationEPIC beadchip (Illumina) to search for putative associations with WC values of 473 participants from the Methyl Epigenome Network Association (MENA) project. Statistical analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were employed for assessing the relationship between methylation and WC. A total of 669 CpGs were statistically associated with WC (FDR < 0.05, slope ≥ |0.1|). From these CpGs, 375 CpGs evidenced a differential methylation pattern between females with WC ≤ 88 and > 88 cm, and 95 CpGs between males with WC ≤ 102 and > 102 cm. These differentially methylated CpGs are located in genes related to inflammation and obesity according to IPA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the top four significant differentially methylated CpGs separated by sex discriminated individuals with presence or absence of abdominal fat. ROC curves of all the CpGs from females and one CpG from males were validated in an independent sample (n = 161). These methylation results add further insights about the relationships between obesity, adiposity-associated comorbidities, and DNA methylation where inflammation processes may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arpón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Maria L Mansego
- Department of Bioinformatics, Making Genetics S.L., 31002, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1,31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA), IMDEA Food, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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153
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Khodarahmi M, Jafarabadi MA, Moludi J, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of soy on serum hs-CRP. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:996-1011. [PMID: 30314925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The results of studies about the effect of soy products on serum highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) are inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was to investigate the effect of soy products intake on serum hs-CRP concentration. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to December 2016 without language restrictions. Random-effect model was used for quantitative data synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included in our analyses. A meta-analysis revealed a non-significant reduction in serum hs-CRP concentrations following soy products consumption, -0.19 (mg/L) (95% CI: -0.49 to 0.09; I2 = 95.6%). Subgroup analyses suggested that natural soya products may reduce plasma levels of CRP by -0.18 mg/L (95% CI: -0.28 to -0.08; I2: 11.6) in comparison to other source of isoflavones (soya extracts, supplements). Moreover, the effect was stronger among subjects with baseline hs-CRP concentrations of less than 2.52 mg/L, -0.15 (95% CI: -0.27 to -0.02; I2: 34.6). A meta-regression analysis revealed that dosage of isoflavones seems to be a strong predictor of the effect of soya on serum hs-CRP levels. CONCLUSION Present review of RCTs published up to December 2016 did not provide strong evidence regarding the beneficial effect of soya products consumption on blood hs-CRP concentrations. However, it appears that natural soya products may reduce plasma levels of hs-CRP in comparison to other source of isoflavones. Large and well-designed studies are recommended to confirm this conclusion. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018069371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Khodarahmi
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (RCEBM), Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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154
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Neves CVB, Mambrini JVDM, Torres KCL, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV. Association of metabolic syndrome with inflammatory markers in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00129918. [PMID: 30916180 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the cutoff points for inflammatory markers that best discriminate the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. Baseline data were used from the elderly cohort in the city of Bambuí, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The target exposure was presence of metabolic syndrome, defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criterion, and the outcomes included the following inflammatory markers: cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 e TNF), chemokines (CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL2, CXCL10, and CCL5), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Definition of the cutoff points for the inflammatory markers was based on the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) method. The associations between these markers and metabolic syndrome were estimated by logistic regression models, obtaining odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, considering adjustment for confounding factors. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 49.1%, and IL-1β, IL-12, and TNF levels were not associated statistically with this exposure. After adjustment, presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with higher IL-6 and CRP levels and lower CXCL8 and CCL5. Significant associations were also observed with intermediate serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels. The combination of markers also showed a significant and consistent association with metabolic syndrome. In addition to demonstrating an association between metabolic syndrome and a wide range of biomarkers (some not previously described in the literature), the results highlight that this association occurs at much lower levels than previously demonstrated, suggesting that metabolic syndrome plays an important role in the inflammatory profile of the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio Viana Peixoto
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.,Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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155
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Lohman MC, Resciniti NV, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Hébert JR. Obesity, Dietary inflammation, and Frailty among Older Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 38:18-32. [PMID: 30849025 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2018.1552226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge related to the relationship between obesity and frailty is limited. This study aimed to investigate associations between obesity, dietary inflammation, and frailty among older adults. Study data came from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2014) examinations of adults age ≥60 years (n = 7182). Dietary inflammatory potential was determined using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) derived from 24-h dietary recall. We analyzed independent and joint associations of obesity and DII with frailty to evaluate interaction. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that both obesity (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.68, 2.99) and moderately pro-inflammatory DII (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.58) were independently associated with greater frailty prevalence. A negative multiplicative interaction between obesity and highest pro-inflammatory diet also was found (adjusted odds in non-obese and obese were 2.07 and 2.37, respectively; p = 0.046). Results indicate the importance of considering obesity and dietary inflammatory potential when screening for frailty or developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Lohman
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Nicholas V Resciniti
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,c College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations, LLC , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations, LLC , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - James R Hébert
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d Connecting Health Innovations, LLC , Columbia , SC , USA
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156
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Munasinghe LL, Ekwaru JP, Mastroeni MF, Mastroeni SSBS, Veugelers PJ. The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with elevated serum ferritin levels in normal weight, overweight and obese Canadians. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213260. [PMID: 30845159 PMCID: PMC6405102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the growing body of literature suggesting a beneficial effect of vitamin D on inflammatory response, we hypothesized that vitamin D affects serum ferritin (SF), a biomarker of inflammation. The objective of the present study is to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with elevated SF concentrations indicative of inflammation as no earlier study has done so. Data from 5550 Canadian adults who participated in the 2012/2013 and the 2014/2015 Canadian Health Measures Surveys were analysed. We observed that 9.4% of Canadian adults have elevated SF concentrations and that 35.6% were vitamin D insufficient. Among Canadians with under/normal body weights, those with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L relative to those with serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, were substantially less at risk for elevated SF concentrations (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.89; p = 0.034). We did not observe this association for overweight and obese Canadians. Canadians of older age, non-white ethnicity, males, those with income above $100,000, those who consumed alcohol, and those with high total cholesterol concentrations and elevated blood pressures were more likely to have elevated SF concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L is likely to provoke anti-inflammatory benefits, but intervention studies that achieve high 25(OH)D concentrations and with long follow up are needed to establish the role of vitamin D on SF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John P. Ekwaru
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco F. Mastroeni
- Post-graduation Program in Health and Environment, University of Joinville Region, Joinville, Brazil
| | | | - Paul J. Veugelers
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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157
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Duarte GBS, Reis BZ, Rogero MM, Vargas-Mendez E, Júnior FB, Cercato C, Cozzolino SMF. Consumption of Brazil nuts with high selenium levels increased inflammation biomarkers in obese women: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:162-168. [PMID: 31026738 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased inflammatory response is an important factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. The mineral selenium (Se), of which one of the main food sources is the Brazil nut, has important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions through the action of selenoproteins. Thus, the evaluation of the influence of this micronutrient in this context is of great relevance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Brazil nut intake with high Se concentrations on inflammatory biomarkers and its relation to Se status in obese women. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out with 55 women recruited at Clinical Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients were randomly assigned to either the Brazil nut group (BN) or the control group (CO) and followed up for 2 mo. The BN group consumed 1 unit/d of Brazil nuts (∼ 1261 μg/Se); the CO group did not receive any intervention. At baseline and after 2 mo, analysis of biochemical parameters related to Se status, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers were performed. RESULTS At baseline, both groups did not present Se deficiency. In the BN group, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in all Se biomarkers and in gene expression of several proinflammatory parameters (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4) were observed after the intervention period. No changes were observed for the CO group. CONCLUSION Although there were no changes in plasma inflammatory biomarkers levels, a significant increase in gene expression may be an indication of a proinflammatory stimulus in obesity, induced by the consumption of Brazil nuts with high Se levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Biude Silva Duarte
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Zavarize Reis
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP, Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Vargas-Mendez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Cercato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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158
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Erriah M, Pabreja K, Fricker M, Baines KJ, Donnelly LE, Bylund J, Karlsson A, Simpson JL. Galectin-3 enhances monocyte-derived macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic granulocytes in asthma. Respir Res 2019; 20:1. [PMID: 30606211 PMCID: PMC6318889 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 is a 32 kDa protein secreted by macrophages involved in processes such as cell activation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Galectin-3 has previously been shown to improve the ability of airway macrophages to ingest apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be of interest in non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) which is also characterised by impaired efferocytosis. It was hypothesised that the addition of exogenous galectin-3 to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) derived from donors with NEA would enhance their ability to engulf apoptotic granulocytes. METHODS Eligible non-smoking adults with asthma (n = 19), including 7 with NEA and healthy controls (n = 10) underwent a clinical assessment, venepuncture and sputum induction. MDMs were co-cultured with apoptotic granulocytes isolated from healthy donors with or without exogenous recombinant galectin-3 (50 μg/mL) and efferocytosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Galectin-3 expression and localisation in MDMs was visualised by immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence microscopy. Galectin-3, interleukin (IL)-6 and CXCL8 secretion were measured in cell culture supernatants by ELISA and cytometric bead array. RESULTS Baseline efferocytosis (mean (±standard deviation)) was lower in participants with asthma (33.2 (±17.7)%) compared with healthy controls (45.3 (±15.9)%; p = 0.081). Efferocytosis did not differ between the participants with eosinophilic asthma (EA) (31.4 (±19.2)%) and NEA (28.7 (±21.5)%; p = 0.748). Addition of galectin-3 significantly improved efferocytosis in asthma, particularly in NEA (37.8 (±18.1)%) compared with baseline (30.4 (±19.7)%; p = 0.012). Efferocytosis was not associated with any of the clinical outcomes but was negatively correlated with sputum macrophage numbers (Spearman r = - 0.671; p = 0.017). Galectin-3 was diffusely distributed in most MDMs but formed punctate structures in 5% of MDMs. MDM galectin-3 secretion was lower in asthma (9.99 (2.67, 15.48) ng/mL) compared with the healthy controls (20.72 (11.28, 27.89) ng/mL; p = 0.044) while IL-6 and CXCL8 levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 modulates macrophage function in asthma, indicating a potential role for galectin-3 to reverse impaired efferocytosis in NEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Erriah
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kavita Pabreja
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fricker
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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159
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an overview of the mechanisms of obesity and its relation to cardiovascular risks, describing the available treatment options to manage this condition. MAIN BODY The pathogenesis of obesity includes the balance between calories consumed and energy expenditure followed by the maintenance of body weight. Diet, physical activity, environmental, behavioral and physiological factors are part of the complex process of weight loss, since there are several hormones and peptides involved in regulation of appetite, eating behavior and energy expenditure. The cardiovascular complications associated to obesity are also driven by processes involving hormones and peptides and which include inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, coronary calcification, activation of coagulation, renin angiotensin or the sympathetic nervous systems. Pharmacological treatments are often needed to insure weight loss and weight maintenance as adjuncts to diet and physical activity in people with obesity and overweight patients. CONCLUSION To accomplish satisfactory goals, patients and physicians seek for weight loss, weight maintenance and improvement of the risk factors associated to this condition, especially cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Cercato
- Grupo de Obesidade e Síndrome Metabólica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F. A. Fonseca
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Loefgren 1350, São Paulo, SP CEP 04040-001 Brazil
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160
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Shang C, Sun W, Wang C, Wang X, Zhu H, Wang L, Yang H, Wang X, Gong F, Pan H. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Morbidly Obese and Normal Weight Chinese Women. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:2302753. [PMID: 31929791 PMCID: PMC6935805 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2302753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a central role in the balance of energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentially expressed proteins in VAT between morbidly obese (BMI >35 kg/m2) and normal weight Chinese women. METHOD Nine morbidly obese women and 8 normal weight women as controls were enrolled. Abdominal VAT was excised and analyzed by label-free one-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (1D-LC-MS/MS). Differentially expressed VAT proteins were further analyzed with Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Masson's trichrome staining and CD68 immunohistochemical staining of VAT were conducted in all subjects. RESULT A total of 124 differentially expressed proteins were found with a ≥2-fold difference. Forty-one proteins were upregulated, and 83 proteins were downregulated in obese individuals. These altered VAT proteins were involved in the attenuation of the liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling pathway and the activation of the acute-phase response process. Three proteins (ACSL1, HADH, and UCHL1) were validated by western blotting using the same set of VAT samples from 6 morbidly obese and 7 normal weight patients, and the results indicated that the magnitude and direction of the protein changes were in accordance with the proteomic analysis. Masson's trichrome staining and CD68 immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there was much more collagen fiber deposition and CD68-positive macrophages in the VAT of morbidly obese patients, suggesting extensive fiber deposition and macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSION A number of differentially expressed proteins were identified in VAT between morbidly obese and normal weight Chinese females. These differential proteins could be potential candidates in addressing the role of VAT in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Toledo RCL, Brito LF, Caetano MMM, Nakajima VM, da Silva BP, Soares FEDF, Martino HSD, de Queiroz JH. Acute treatment with Mangifera indica L. leaf extract attenuates liver inflammation in rats fed a cafeteria diet. Food Funct 2019; 10:4861-4867. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00651f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the acute anti-inflammatory activity of Mangifera indica L. leaf extract and mangiferin in the liver of rats fed a cafeteria diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vânia Mayumi Nakajima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- School of Nutrition
- Federal University Fluminense – UFF
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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Huang KT, Hsu LW, Chen KD, Kung CP, Goto S, Chen CL. Decreased PEDF Expression Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation through the Up-Regulation of CD36. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123992. [PMID: 30544997 PMCID: PMC6321369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a tightly regulated cellular process that involves the action of multiple signaling pathways. Characterization of regulators that are associated with adipose development is crucial to understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity and other metabolic disorders. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted glycoprotein that was first described as a neurotrophic factor. The role of PEDF in lipid metabolism was established when adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a major triglyceride hydrolase, was characterized as its binding partner. In this study, we investigated the downstream effects of PEDF on adipogenic differentiation using rat adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) and the mouse pre-adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. Knocking down PEDF in differentiating cells resulted in elevated levels of ATGL and CD36, as well as other adipogenic markers, with a concomitant increase in adipocyte number. CD36, a scavenger receptor for a variety of ligands, regulated proliferation and lipogenic gene expression during adipogenesis. The CD36 increase due to PEDF down-regulation might be a result of elevated PPARγ. We further demonstrated that PEDF expression was regulated by dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid that is widely used for adipogenesis at the transcriptional level. Taken together, our findings highlight that PEDF negatively regulates adipogenesis through the regulation of various signaling intermediates, and it may play a crucial role in lipid metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Pin Kung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Fukuoka Institute of Occupational Health, Fukuoka 815-0081, Japan.
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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Metataxonomic Analysis of Individuals at BMI Extremes and Monozygotic Twins Discordant for BMI. Twin Res Hum Genet 2018; 21:203-213. [PMID: 29792248 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be associated with a number of host phenotypes, including obesity and a number of obesity-associated phenotypes. This study is aimed at further understanding and describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity-associated measurements obtained from human participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS Here, we utilize genetically informative study designs, including a four-corners design (extremes of genetic risk for BMI and of observed BMI; N = 50) and the BMI monozygotic (MZ) discordant twin pair design (N = 30), in order to help delineate the role of host genetics and the gut microbiota in the development of obesity. RESULTS Our results highlight a negative association between BMI and alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. The low genetic risk/high BMI group of individuals had a lower gut microbiota alpha diversity when compared to the other three groups. Although the difference in alpha diversity between the lean and heavy groups of the BMI-discordant MZ twin design did not achieve significance, this difference was observed to be in the expected direction, with the heavier participants having a lower average alpha diversity. We have also identified nine OTUs observed to be associated with either a leaner or heavier phenotype, with enrichment for OTUs classified to the Ruminococcaceae and Oxalobacteraceae taxonomic families. CONCLUSION Our study presents evidence of a relationship between BMI and alpha diversity of the gut microbiota. In addition to these findings, a number of OTUs were found to be significantly associated with host BMI. These findings may highlight separate subtypes of obesity, one driven by genetic factors, the other more heavily influenced by environmental factors.
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Ciebiera M, Włodarczyk M, Zgliczyńska M, Łukaszuk K, Męczekalski B, Kobierzycki C, Łoziński T, Jakiel G. The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor α in the Biology of Uterine Fibroids and the Related Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3869. [PMID: 30518097 PMCID: PMC6321234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. The incidence of UFs has been estimated at 25⁻80% depending on selected population. The pathophysiology of UFs remains poorly understood. The transformation of smooth muscle cells of the uterus into abnormal, immortal cells, capable of clonal division, is the main component of all pathways leading to UF tumor formation and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is believed to be one of the key factors in this field. TNF-α is a cell signaling protein involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines responsible for the acute phase reaction. This publication presents current data about the role of tumor necrosis factor α in the biology of UFs and the related symptoms. TNF-α is an extremely important cytokine associated with the biology of UFs, UF-related symptoms and complaints. Its concentration has been proven to be elevated in women with clinically symptomatic UFs. The presented data suggest the presence of an "inflammation-like" state in women with UFs where TNF-α is a potent inflammation inducer. The origin of numerous symptoms reported by women with UFs can be traced back to the TNF-α influence. Nevertheless, our knowledge on this subject remains limited and TNF-α dependent pathways in UF pathophysiology should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zgliczyńska
- Students' Scientific Association at the I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Błażej Męczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-513 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Łoziński
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Pro-Familia Hospital, 35-001 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Jakiel
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland.
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El-Ashmawy NE, Al-Ashmawy GM, Kamel AA. Docosahexaenoic acid-flurbiprofen combination ameliorates metaflammation in rats fed on high-carbohydrate high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:233-241. [PMID: 30396081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Potential benefits of combining docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid with flurbiprofen (Flu), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in ameliorating obesity remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of DHA and Flu, either alone or in combination, against obesity-induced metaflammation and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal diet (ND) group, high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHFD) control group, DHA group (HCHFD + 200 mg/kg DHA), Flu group (HCHFD + 10 mg/kg Flu), and DHA + Flu group (HCHFD + DHA + Flu). Treatments were administered orally daily for 8 consecutive weeks, parallel with the start of diets. RESULTS Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and TGs were significantly reduced in DHA, Flu, and DHA + Flu treated groups, while HDL-C concentrations were significantly elevated in the same groups, compared to HCHFD control group. Only Flu and DHA + Flu groups showed a significant decrease in plasma levels of leptin, TC, and LDL-C, relative to HCHFD control group. Concentrations of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) and resolvin D1 (RvD1) in epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) were significantly increased in the three treated groups, compared with HCHFD control group. Expression of AMPK-α1 subunit in EAT was significantly increased, whereas expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was significantly decreased in EAT of the three treated groups, relative to HCHFD control group. CONCLUSIONS Docosahexaenoic acid-flurbiprofen combination showed an ameliorative effect on obesity-associated metaflammation and its consequences in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Postal Code: 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ghada M Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Postal Code: 31527, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Postal Code: 31527, Egypt.
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El Kassas GM, Shehata MA, El Wakeel MA, Amer AF, Elzaree FA, Darwish MK, Amer MF. Role of Procalcitonin As an Inflammatory Marker in a Sample of Egyptian Children with Simple Obesity. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1349-1353. [PMID: 30159055 PMCID: PMC6108804 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a multifactorial disease, associated with metabolic disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation. Procalcitonin (PCT) is well known as a biomarker of infection, and systemic inflammation. Recently, it has potential as a marker for chronic low-grade inflammation. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the role of serum PCT as an inflammatory biomarker in the diagnosis of obesity-related low-grade inflammation. METHOD: In this case-control study, 50 obese and 35 normal weight children and adolescents aged 5–15 years were enrolled. Anthropometric parameters were measured in all subjects. Blood samples were collected for measurement of lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin, high sensitivity-CRP (Hs-CRP) and serum procalcitonin. Serum (PCT) levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Obese participants had higher concentrations of serum PCT, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, glucose and Hs-CRP than control group. On correlation analysis, procalcitonin had significant positive correlation with (BMI) z-score (P = 0.02), insulin (P = 0.00), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.006), Hs-CRP (P = 0.02), total cholesterol (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.00) in obese group. CONCLUSION: The increased serum procalcitonin concentrations were closely related to measures of adiposity, Hs-CRP and insulin resistance, suggesting that PCT may be an excellent biomarker for obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal A Shehata
- Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed F Amer
- Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Elzaree
- Department of Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa K Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Amer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Falalyeyeva TM, Leschenko IV, Beregova TV, Lazarenko LM, Savchuk OM, Sichel LM, Tsyryuk OI, Vovk TB, Spivak MY. Probiotic strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria alter pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in rats with monosodium glutamate-induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:17-25. [PMID: 29975824 DOI: 10.15407/fz63.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280, Bifidobacterium animalis VKL, B. animalis VKB on the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in Wistar male rats with monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity. It was established that neonatal administration of MSG to rats leads to increasing levels of the interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-12, and to decreasing ofthe IL-4, IL-10 and tumor growthfactor (TGF)-β levels in the bloodserum. After administration of the B. animalis VKL - B. animalis VKB - L. casei IMV B-7280 composition to obese rats the level of the IL-lP in blood serum wasn't differ from that in the obese rats, that didn't receive of the probiotic bacteria. But there was no statistically signifcant difference comparing with intact rats. The level of the IL-12B p4O in blood serum was decreased under influence of the B. animalis VKL - B. animalis VKB - L. casei IMV B-7280 composition (18.9%, p < 0.05) and B. animalis VKL (10.5%, p < 0.05) compared with obese rats, not receiving probiotic bacteria, but remained higher than in intact animals. After administration to obese rats ofthe B. animalis VKL - B. animalis VKB - L. casei IMV B-7280 composition the levels ofthe IL-4, IL- 10 and TGF-β increased in blood serum comparing with obese rats, not receiving probiotic bacteria. The level of the IL-10 also increased under influence of the B. animalis VKB, and IL-4 - under influence of the L. casei IMVB-7280. Our results suggest that these probiotic bacteria and probiotic composition are able to down-regulation the inflammation in rats with MSG-induced obesity but the strongest anti-inflammatory effects have probiotic composition. The ability of lactobacilli and bifdobacteria to alter the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines production, opens perspectives to create new treatments for obesity and metabolic syndrome based on probiotics.
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169
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Panchal SK, Bliss E, Brown L. Capsaicin in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:E630. [PMID: 29772784 PMCID: PMC5986509 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the major active constituent of chilli, is an agonist on transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is present on many metabolically active tissues, making it a potentially relevant target for metabolic interventions. Insulin resistance and obesity, being the major components of metabolic syndrome, increase the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In vitro and pre-clinical studies have established the effectiveness of low-dose dietary capsaicin in attenuating metabolic disorders. These responses of capsaicin are mediated through activation of TRPV1, which can then modulate processes such as browning of adipocytes, and activation of metabolic modulators including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Modulation of these pathways by capsaicin can increase fat oxidation, improve insulin sensitivity, decrease body fat, and improve heart and liver function. Identifying suitable ways of administering capsaicin at an effective dose would warrant its clinical use through the activation of TRPV1. This review highlights the mechanistic options to improve metabolic syndrome with capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Edward Bliss
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
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Abstract
Proinflammatory reaction by the body occurs acutely in response to injury that is considered primarily beneficial. However, sustained proinflammatory cytokines observed with chronic pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and arthritis are detrimental and in many cases is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have long been implicated in cardiovascular risk and considered to be a major underlying cause for heart failure (HF). The failure of the anti-TNFα therapy for HF indicates our elusive understanding on the dichotomous role of proinflammatory cytokines on acutely beneficial effects versus long-term deleterious effects. Despite these well-described observations, less is known about the mechanistic underpinnings of proinflammatory cytokines especially TNFα in pathogenesis of HF. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of an active cross-talk between the TNFα receptor signaling and G-protein-coupled receptors such as β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Given that βARs are the key regulators of cardiac function, the review will discuss the current state of understanding on the role of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in regulating βAR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maradumane L Mohan
- *Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; and †Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Changes in Cholinesterase Activity in Blood of Adolescent with Metabolic Syndrome after Supplementation with Extract from Aronia melanocarpa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5670145. [PMID: 29780825 PMCID: PMC5892303 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5670145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are growing problems among children and adolescents. There are no reports of changes in the activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome especially after supplementation with extract from Aronia melanocarpa. Materials studied included plasma and erythrocytes isolated from peripheral blood of patients with MetS and healthy subjects. We have estimated the following parameters: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, lipid peroxidation and lipids levels in plasma, and erythrocytes membrane. In patients with MetS, a significant increase in AChE and BChE activity, higher LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, and lower HDL-cholesterol level were observed. Supplementation with A. melanocarpa extract resulted in mild but statistically significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol levels and caused an increase in HDL-cholesterol level and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in plasma patients with MetS. Additionally, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and cholesterol level and a decrease in AChE activity in the erythrocyte membranes after supplementation with A. melanocarpa were noted. Summarizing, an increase in AChE and BChE activity and disruption of lipid metabolism in patients with MetS were observed. After supplementation of MetS patients with A. melanocarpa extract, a decrease in AChE activity and oxidative stress was noted.
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Lötzerich H. The inflammation paradox: Why are Tsimane protected against Western diseases while Westerners are not? F1000Res 2018; 7:252. [PMID: 31448076 PMCID: PMC6685450 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14052.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We here describe two apparent paradoxes concerning high CRP levels and NCD risk. One has emerged from observational studies in the Amazon region showing that the indigenous Tsimane in Bolivia appear protected against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases despite increased inflammatory markers. These findings stand in contrast to Western societies, where an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that low-grade-inflammation is the driver of NCDs. The second paradox has emerged from two field studies (Eifel studies) conducted in 2013 and 2014 with Westerners who returned to a simulated Palaeolithic lifestyle in a National park for 4 days. We had detected elevated inflammation markers, despite otherwise anti-inflammatory effects of these interventions as indicated by metabolic blood parameters. We here propose three hypotheses for this second inflammatory paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Freire IV, Casotti CA, Ribeiro ÍJS, Silva JRD, Barbosa AAL, Pereira R. Daily sodium intake influences the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and hypertension in older adults. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:541-550. [PMID: 29521003 PMCID: PMC8031090 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has been widely reported as being associated with hypertension; however, most studies do not consider environmental/behavioral factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism, environmental/behavioral factors, and hypertension in community-dwelling elderly individuals. All community-dwelling older adults from Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil, were invited to take part in this study. After exclusions, 234 elderly participants were submitted to a data collection, which included sociodemographics, lifestyle and health status questionnaires, clinical assessment, and blood withdrawal. From the blood samples, the gene polymorphism was identified through polymerase chain reaction and patients grouped as II or D allele carriers (ID and DD genotypes). Hypertension was defined by self-report of the condition and confirmed by antihypertensive drug treatment. Chi-square test was used to identify differences in the proportions distributed between groups of each dependent variable (ie, genotype, diagnosis of hypertension, and blood pressure state from medicated patients with hypertension). The prevalence of hypertension was 59.3% and was associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity, but not with angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism. However, carriers of the II genotype, a salt-sensitivity genotype, exhibited a significantly greater estimated sodium intake. In addition, among medicated elderly patients with hypertension, II genotype carriers exhibited poor blood pressure control, despite similar antihypertensive drug treatment in D allele carriers, while exhibiting a greater estimated sodium intake. Our results provide new evidence regarding the interaction of genetic and environmental/behavioral factors in the genesis of hypertension among elderly patients, as well as in blood pressure control in medicated elderly patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivna V. Freire
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing & HealthState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
- Department of Biological SciencesIntegrative Physiology Research CenterState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
- Human Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
| | - Cezar A. Casotti
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing & HealthState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
| | - Ícaro J. S. Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing & HealthState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
- Department of Biological SciencesIntegrative Physiology Research CenterState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
| | - Jonas R. D. Silva
- Department of Biological SciencesIntegrative Physiology Research CenterState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
| | - Ana A. L. Barbosa
- Human Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing & HealthState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
- Department of Biological SciencesIntegrative Physiology Research CenterState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
- Human Genetics LaboratoryDepartment of Biological SciencesState University of Southwest Bahia (UESB)JequieBABrazil
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Okamoto M, Ito R, Taira K, Ikeda T. High IL-1α Production Was Induced in the WBN/Kob- Leprfa Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model and Inhibited by Syphacia Muris Infection. Helminthologia 2018; 55:12-20. [PMID: 31662623 PMCID: PMC6799528 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel WBN/Kob-Leprfa (fa/fa) congenic rat strain is considered a useful rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accumulating findings suggest that low-grade inflammation is a causative factor in T2DM and that circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines are associated with insulin resistance. However, inflammatory cytokine profiles and their correlations with T2DM development/ progression in fa/fa rats have not been studied. In this study, we found that the fa/fa rats had considerably high plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1α. Abundant cecal IL-1α mRNA expression and cecal inflammation with infiltrating IL-1α-producing macrophages was observed in fa/fa rats. Bone marrow derived macrophages from fa/fa rats expressed high levels of IL-1α upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Furthermore, Syphacia muris infection, which delays the onset of T2DM, reduced both plasma and cecal IL-1α levels in fa/fa rats. These results suggest that macrophage infiltration and IL-1α secretion comprise an important part of T2DM development and that S. muris infection inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in fa/fa rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - R Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - K Taira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Zbiciak-Nylec M, Wcisło-Dziadecka D, Kasprzyk M, Kulig A, Laszczak J, Noworyta M, Adamus S, Brzezińska-Wcisło L, Rogala B, Brzoza Z. Overweight and obesity may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:525-528. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Zbiciak-Nylec
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine in Katowice; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - D. Wcisło-Dziadecka
- Department of Skin Structural Studies; Chair of Cosmetology; School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - M. Kasprzyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - A. Kulig
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - J. Laszczak
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - M. Noworyta
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - S. Adamus
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - L. Brzezińska-Wcisło
- Department of Dermatology; School of Medicine in Katowice; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - B. Rogala
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Z. Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze; Medical University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
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176
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Mohd Nor NS, Saimin H, Rahman T, Abdul Razak S, Mohd Nasir N, Ismail Z, Mohd Nawawi H. Comparable Enhanced Prothrombogenesis in Simple Central Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. J Obes 2018; 2018:8508549. [PMID: 29785305 PMCID: PMC5892226 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8508549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited data comparing prothrombogenic or fibrinolysis biomarkers (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) simultaneously in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MS), simple central obesity without MS (COB) and normal controls (NC). We investigated the concentrations of fibrinolysis biomarkers in subjects with MS, COB and NC. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 503 drug naive subjects (163 males, aged 30-65 years old (mean age ± SD = 47.4 ± 8.3 years)) divided into MS, COB and NC groups. COB was defined as central obesity (waist circumference (WC) males ≥90 cm, females ≥80 cm) in the absence of MS according to the International Diabetes Federation 2006. Fasting blood levels of tPA and PAI-1were analyzed. RESULTS MS and COB had significantly higher concentration of all biomarkers compared to NC. The MS group had significantly higher concentration of tPA and PAI-1 compared to COB. WC and HDL-c had significant correlation with all biomarkers (tPA p < 0.001, PAI-1 p < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose and diastolic blood pressure were independent predictors after correcting for confounding factors. CONCLUSION Central obesity with or without MS both demonstrated enhanced prothrombogenesis. This suggests that simple obesity possibly increases the risk of coronary artery disease in part, via increased susceptibility to thrombogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shafina Mohd Nor
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Saimin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thuhairah Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraya Abdul Razak
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadzimah Mohd Nasir
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaliha Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah Mohd Nawawi
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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177
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Chong ETJ, Kuok SSE, Lee PC. Risk association, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analyses of FASN rs4246445, rs2229425, rs2228305 and rs2229422 polymorphisms in overweight and obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 8:159-165. [PMID: 30211075 PMCID: PMC6128978 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2018.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is commonly linked up with several life-threatening diseases. This study aims to investigate the association of fatty acid synthase (FASN) rs4246445, rs2229425, rs2228305, and rs2229422 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of overweight and obesity in the Malaysian population. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 1030 individuals who were grouped into normal, overweight, and obese categories. Blood biochemistry test and lipid profiling were performed and genomic DNA was extracted. Genotyping was performed using hydrolysis probes and odd ratio with 95% CI was calculated for risk association analysis. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes analyses were carried out using SHEsis software. Results: We found that the hemoglobin and white blood cell counts were significantly high in the obese subjects. There is a lack of evidence to link the FASN SNPs with the risk of overweight and obesity in the population. All 4 SNPs were seemed to be in linkage equilibrium. Five common haplotypes were identified in this study but none of them was significantly associated with overweight and obesity in the population. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a lack of evidence to associate the FASN rs4246445, rs2229425, rs2228305, and rs2229422 SNPs with the risk of overweight and obesity in the Malaysian population. All 4 SNPs were independent of each other and not all identified haplotypes were significantly associated with overweight and obesity in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shawn Shi Erh Kuok
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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178
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Ding Y, Lin H, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wong FY, Sun YV, Marconi VC, He N. Hypertension in HIV-Infected Adults Compared with Similar but Uninfected Adults in China: Body Mass Index-Dependent Effects of Nadir CD4 Count. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:1117-1125. [PMID: 28562067 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a growing problem in the HIV population. The relationship between low nadir CD4 count and hypertension in the HIV-infected population has been reported. However, the effect of nadir CD4 on hypertension due to a different body mass index (BMI) is yet to be fully elucidated. In this cross-sectional study, 345 HIV-infected participants aged ≥40 years were recruited. They were frequency matched and compared with age, sex, and education with HIV-uninfected adults (n = 345). Hypertension prevalence was lower in HIV-infected than in HIV-uninfected participants (23.8% vs. 31.9%; p = .011), but this association was not significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Among HIV-infected individuals, older age, overweight, with a family history of cardiovascular diseases, and nadir CD4 count <50 cells/μl were independently associated with hypertension. Stratifying individuals with BMI category revealed that nadir CD4 count-regardless if it was operationalized as a dichotomous variable (<50 cells/μl) or continuous variable-was found to be associated with hypertension among individuals who were underweight and obese, but not among those who were normal weight and overweight. Among HIV-uninfected individuals, older age and having a waist circumference above cutoff were significantly associated with hypertension. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that the association of nadir CD4 and hypertension is observed in underweight and obese HIV-infected patients. While these results suggest that the relationship between nadir CD4 count and hypertension might be mediated by body weight, future longitudinal studies will be needed to validate the findings, including its causal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiang Lin
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou City, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank Y. Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Na He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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179
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Iqbal F, Baker WS, Khan MI, Thukuntla S, McKinney KH, Abate N, Tuvdendorj D. Current and future therapies for addressing the effects of inflammation on HDL cholesterol metabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3986-4006. [PMID: 28326542 PMCID: PMC5660004 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammatory processes arising from metabolic abnormalities are known to precipitate the development of CVD. Several metabolic and inflammatory markers have been proposed for predicting the progression of CVD, including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). For ~50 years, HDL-C has been considered as the atheroprotective 'good' cholesterol because of its strong inverse association with the progression of CVD. Thus, interventions to increase the concentration of HDL-C have been successfully tested in animals; however, clinical trials were unable to confirm the cardiovascular benefits of pharmaceutical interventions aimed at increasing HDL-C levels. Based on these data, the significance of HDL-C in the prevention of CVD has been called into question. Fundamental in vitro and animal studies suggest that HDL-C functionality, rather than HDL-C concentration, is important for the CVD-preventive qualities of HDL-C. Our current review of the literature positively demonstrates the negative impact of systemic and tissue (i.e. adipose tissue) inflammation in the healthy metabolism and function of HDL-C. Our survey indicates that HDL-C may be a good marker of adipose tissue health, independently of its atheroprotective associations. We summarize the current findings on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to either prevent HDL-C clearance or improve the function and production of HDL-C particles. It is evident that the therapeutic agents currently available may not provide the optimal strategy for altering HDL-C metabolism and function, and thus, further research is required to supplement this mechanistic approach for preventing the progression of CVD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Iqbal
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Wendy S Baker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Madiha I Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Shwetha Thukuntla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Kevin H McKinney
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Demidmaa Tuvdendorj
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
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180
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans' primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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181
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Freese J, Klement RJ, Ruiz-Núñez B, Schwarz S, Lötzerich H. The sedentary (r)evolution: Have we lost our metabolic flexibility? F1000Res 2017; 6:1787. [PMID: 29225776 PMCID: PMC5710317 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12724.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of evolution, up until the agricultural revolution, environmental fluctuations forced the human species to develop a flexible metabolism in order to adapt its energy needs to various climate, seasonal and vegetation conditions. Metabolic flexibility safeguarded human survival independent of food availability. In modern times, humans switched their primal lifestyle towards a constant availability of energy-dense, yet often nutrient-deficient, foods, persistent psycho-emotional stressors and a lack of exercise. As a result, humans progressively gain metabolic disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer´s disease, wherever the sedentary lifestyle spreads in the world. For more than 2.5 million years, our capability to store fat for times of food shortage was an outstanding survival advantage. Nowadays, the same survival strategy in a completely altered surrounding is responsible for a constant accumulation of body fat. In this article, we argue that the metabolic disease epidemic is largely based on a deficit in metabolic flexibility. We hypothesize that the modern energetic inflexibility, typically displayed by symptoms of neuroglycopenia, can be reversed by re-cultivating suppressed metabolic programs, which became obsolete in an affluent environment, particularly the ability to easily switch to ketone body and fat oxidation. In a simplified model, the basic metabolic programs of humans’ primal hunter-gatherer lifestyle are opposed to the current sedentary lifestyle. Those metabolic programs, which are chronically neglected in modern surroundings, are identified and conclusions for the prevention of chronic metabolic diseases are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Freese
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Rainer Johannes Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, 97422, Germany
| | - Begoña Ruiz-Núñez
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Schwarz
- University College Physiotherapy Thim van der Laan,, Landquart, 7302, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Lötzerich
- Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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182
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Obesity, Physical Fitness and Inflammation in the Elderly. Geriatrics (Basel) 2017; 2:geriatrics2040030. [PMID: 31011040 PMCID: PMC6371162 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the elderly, obesity is paradoxically associated with a lower mortality risk. Thus, this study describes fitness levels by Body Mass Index (BMI) category and the associations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Vitamin D levels with muscle strength, in community-dwelling older adults. A cross-sectional study, with 1338 subjects having mean age of 78.3 years, were assessed in anthropometrics, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In a sub-sample, blood samples were collected and objective markers of inflammation were provided: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Vitamin D (25(OH) D). Obese women (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) showed significantly better results for grip strength than normal weight group (BMI between 18.5–24.9 kg/m2): 22.3 (7.0) vs. 20.0 (6.8); p = 0.002. After adjustment, higher levels of hs-CRP were an independent predictor of lower levels of grip strength (β = −0.213, 95% CI: −0.424; −0.002) and Vitamin D levels were positively associated with higher levels of muscle strength (β = 0.098, 95% CI: 0.008–0.189). The multivariate analysis found a significant and positive association between 25(OH) D and grip strength: (β = 0.098, 95% CI: 0.008–0.189). A positive pattern of higher levels of absolute strength among obese older subjects could have an important impact on morbidity and mortality risk, through the inverse association with acute inflammation and an increase in Vitamin D profile.
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183
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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184
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Sri Devi S, Ashokkumar N. Citral, a Monoterpene Inhibits Adipogenesis Through Modulation of Adipogenic Transcription Factors in 3T3-L1 Cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 33:414-421. [PMID: 30319187 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered as a major global human health problem which significantly increases the risk for development of type 2 diabetes. Citral, a bioactive compound widely found in a variety of foods that are consumed daily. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of citral against adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. The mouse fibroblast 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes using adipogenic cocktail (5 g/ml insulin, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine and 10 M dexamethasone). Differentiation of adipocytes was evaluated by assessing triglyceride accumulation assay and cell viability by MTT assay. The PI3K/AKT signaling, adipogenic specific transcription factors (PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS and CPD) and inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1) were analyzed by western blotting and reverse transcriptase PCR in differentiated 3T3-L1 cell lines. In this study, triglyceride accumulation was increased in adipogenic cocktail induced 3T3-L1 cells, whereas treatment of citral significantly decreased levels of triglyceride accumulation in concentration dependent manner. Further, MTT assay shows that there was no reduction of cell viability during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The differentiated 3T3-L1 cell significantly increases the expression of PI3K/AKT, adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS and CPD) and inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1). Conversely, cells were treated with citral significantly suppress the expression of PI3K/AKT, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS, CPD, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 in dose dependent manner. Thus, citral exhibits beneficial effects to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the modulation of adipogenic transcription factors and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Sri Devi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608 002 India
| | - Natarajan Ashokkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 608 002 India
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185
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Park CH, Shin MR, An BK, Joh HW, Lee JC, Roh SS, Yokozawa T. Heat-Processed Scutellariae Radix Protects Hepatic Inflammation through the Amelioration of Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1233-1252. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice. Scutellariae Radix heat-processed at 160[Formula: see text]C or 180[Formula: see text]C was orally administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for three days before the intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the effects were compared with those of vehicle-treated LPS administered to control mice. The administration of Scutellariae Radix decreased the elevated serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite/nitrate, peroxynitrite, and hepatic functional parameters, and reduced the increased ROS in the liver. The augmented expressions of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation-related proteins, phospho-p38, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-[Formula: see text] B p65, activator protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text], and IL-6, were downregulated by the heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the increased hepatocellular damage in the liver of LPS-treated mice improved with the administration of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Overall, the ameliorative effects of Scutellariae Radix were superior to those when heat-processed at 180[Formula: see text]C. Our results indicate that heat-processed Scutellariae Radix acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver of mice with LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 369-873, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kwan An
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Joh
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Cheon Lee
- Jeollanamdo Development Institute for Korean Traditional Medicine, Jeollanamdo 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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186
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Weingarten JA, Bellner L, Peterson SJ, Zaw M, Chadha P, Singh SP, Abraham NG. The association of NOV/CCN3 with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): preliminary evidence of a novel biomarker in OSA. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0029/hmbci-2017-0029.xml. [PMID: 28862983 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a strong association with cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, although the mechanism driving this association is not well established. NOV/CCN3, a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein, may play a mechanistic and/or prognostic role in these associations. We hypothesized that patients with OSA, which primarily affects obese individuals, will have increased levels of NOV, and that NOV can serve as a biomarker in patients to predict OSA as well as metabolic and cardiac risk. Ten morbidly obese and 10 healthy lean subjects underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) and clinical evaluation. Blood samples were analyzed for NOV levels, adiponectin and IL-6. OSA was found in nine obese subjects and three lean subjects. NOV levels were significantly higher in the OSA vs. no OSA group (2.1 ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 ± 0.8, p < 0.03). NOV levels were significantly higher in the obese vs. lean group (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.2-fold change, p < 0.03). Among lean subjects, NOV levels were significantly higher in the OSA vs. no OSA group (2.1 ± 0.9 vs. 1.0 ± 0.4, p < 0.05). NOV and AHI were positively correlated (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.033). IL-6 and adiponectin differences in obese vs. lean and OSA vs. no OSA were consistent with an inflammatory phenotype in obese subjects and OSA subjects. NOV is a novel biomarker of the presence and severity of OSA and a potential marker of future cardiovascular and metabolic disease in OSA patients.
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187
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Pergoli L, Cantone L, Favero C, Angelici L, Iodice S, Pinatel E, Hoxha M, Dioni L, Letizia M, Albetti B, Tarantini L, Rota F, Bertazzi PA, Tirelli AS, Dolo V, Cattaneo A, Vigna L, Battaglia C, Carugno M, Bonzini M, Pesatori AC, Bollati V. Extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNA release after short-term exposure to particulate matter is associated with increased coagulation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 28899404 PMCID: PMC5594543 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and increased coagulation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain unknown. Obesity may increase susceptibility to the adverse effects of PM exposure, exacerbating the effects on cardiovascular diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which travel in body fluids and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) between tissues, might play an important role in PM-induced cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine whether the levels of PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) are associated with changes in fibrinogen levels, EV release, and the miRNA content of EVs (EV-miRNAs), investigating 1630 overweight/obese subjects from the SPHERE Study. RESULTS Short-term exposure to PM10 (Day before blood drawing) was associated with an increased release of EVs quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, especially EVs derived from monocyte/macrophage components (CD14+) and platelets (CD61+) which were characterized by flow cytometry. We first profiled miRNAs of 883 subjects by the QuantStudio™ 12 K Flex Real Time PCR System and the top 40 EV-miRNAs were validated through custom miRNA plates. Nine EV-miRNAs (let-7c-5p; miR-106a-5p; miR-143-3p; miR-185-5p; miR-218-5p; miR-331-3p; miR-642-5p; miR-652-3p; miR-99b-5p) were downregulated in response to PM10 exposure and exhibited putative roles in cardiovascular disease, as highlighted by integrated network analysis. PM10 exposure was significantly associated with elevated fibrinogen levels, and five of the nine downregulated EV-miRNAs were mediators between PM10 exposure and fibrinogen levels. CONCLUSIONS Research on EVs opens a new path to the investigation of the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure. EVs have the potential to act both as markers of PM susceptibility and as potential molecular mechanism in the chain of events connecting PM exposure to increased coagulation, which is frequently linked to exposure and CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pergoli
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cantone
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Angelici
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Pinatel
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Dioni
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Letizia
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albetti
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Tarantini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rota
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Amedea Silvia Tirelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonzini
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Milan, Italy.
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188
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Kvehaugen AS, Aasbrenn M, Farup PG. Anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are associated with body fat mass and systemic inflammation, but not with dietary yeast consumption: a cross-sectional study. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:28. [PMID: 28725447 PMCID: PMC5512824 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baker's/brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to improve growth performance in animals. In humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is among the most commonly detected fungi in fecal samples and likely originates from food. Recently, an association between anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and obesity in humans was suggested, but the cause of the elevated ASCA levels is not clear. Our aim was to study ASCA in morbidly obese subjects and explore potential associations with anthropometrics, diet, co-morbidities and biomarkers of inflammation and gut permeability. METHODS Subjects with morbid obesity referred to a specialized hospital unit were included. Diet and clinical data were recorded with self-administered questionnaires. Main dietary sources of baker's/brewer's yeast (e.g. bread and beer) were used as a proxy for the intake of yeast. Laboratory analyses included ASCA, serum zonulin (reflecting gut permeability), C-reactive protein and a routine haematological and biochemical screening. RESULTS One-hundred-and-forty subjects; 109 (78%) female, 98 with dietary records, mean age 43 years and BMI 42 kg/m2 were included. The number of ASCA positive subjects was 31 (22%) for IgG, 4 (2.9%) for IgA and 3 (2.1%) for IgM. Age, body fat mass and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in IgG-positive compared to IgG-negative subjects (P < 0.05). A borderline significant association was found between elevated zonulin and ASCA IgG-positivity (P = 0.06). No association was found between yeast-containing food and ASCA IgG-positivity, or between yeast-containing food and fat mass. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that ASCA IgG-positivity may be linked to the generalized inflammation commonly seen with increased adiposity, but not to dietary yeast intake. Other potential causes for the raised ASCA IgG concentrations, such as genetic predisposition, deviations in the gut microbiota and cross-reactivity of ASCA with other antigens, were not explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Stine Kvehaugen
- Department of Surgery, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kyrre Greppsgate 11, 2819 Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Martin Aasbrenn
- Department of Surgery, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kyrre Greppsgate 11, 2819 Gjøvik, Norway
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per G. Farup
- Unit for Applied Clinical Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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189
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Adiponectin, interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in overweight/obese Indian children. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:848-850. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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190
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Wang H, Li J, Gai Z, Kullak-Ublick GA, Liu Z. TNF-α Deficiency Prevents Renal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:416-427. [PMID: 28683439 DOI: 10.1159/000478869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Obese patients and experimental animals exhibit high levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, the role of TNF-α in the pathophysiologic process in obesity induced kidney damage is still unknown. METHODS We used TNF-α deficient mice and wild-type (WT) C57/BJ6 mice controls to study the effect of TNF-α on inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney by the model of high-fat diet (HFD) and primary isolated mouse renal proximal tubule cells treated with a mixture of free fatty acids (FFA). RESULTS Compared with the chow diet group, HFD-fed WT mice had higher urinary albumin and increased levels of renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the kidney. These changes were co-related with increased expression of TNF-α in the kidney and were attenuated by TNF-α deficiency. In vitro, accumulation of intracellular lipids induced TNF-α expression and oxidative stress in FFA treated primary proximal tubule cells. However, TNF-α inhibition with siRNA or TNF-α deficiency decreased the lipid induced oxidative stress in these cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TNF-α plays an important role in the HFD induced kidney damage, and targeting TNF-α and/or its receptors could be a promising therapeutic regimen for progressive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zewei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng, China
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191
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Westergaard N, Gehring U, Slama R, Pedersen M. Ambient air pollution and low birth weight - are some women more vulnerable than others? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 104:146-154. [PMID: 28390661 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ambient air pollution is controllable, and it is one of the greatest environmental threats to human health. Studies conducted worldwide have provided evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy enhances the risk of low birth weight at term (TLBW, <2500g among infants born ≥37 completed weeks of gestation), a maker of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and suggest that some subgroups of pregnant women who are smoking, of low or high body-mass index (BMI), low socioeconomic status (SES) or asthma are more vulnerable towards the effect of ambient air pollution. The aim of this commentary is to review the published literature on the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW regarding increased vulnerability for the above-mentioned subgroups. RESULTS Although more than fifty epidemiological studies have examined the associations between ambient air pollution and TLBW to date, we only identified six studies that examined the potential effect modification of the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW by the above listed maternal risk factors. Two studies assessed effect modification caused by smoking on the association between ambient air pollution and TLBW. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for TLBW associated with exposure to ambient air pollution were in one study higher among women who smoked during pregnancy, as compared to the OR of non-smoking women, while in the other study the association was in the opposite direction. The association of ambient air pollution and TLBW were higher among women characterized by extreme BMI (two studies) and low SES compared to non-obese women or women of higher SES (four studies), respectively. Only one study reported the estimated effects among asthmatic and non-asthmatic women and no statistically significant effect modification was evident for the risk of TLBW associated with ambient air pollution. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The current epidemiologic evidence is scarce, but suggests that pregnant women who are smoking, being underweight, overweight/obese or having lower SES are a vulnerable subpopulation when exposed to ambient air pollution, with and increased risk of having a child with TLBW. The limited evidence precludes for definitive conclusions and further studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Westergaard
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rémy Slama
- INSERM/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes Joint Research Center, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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192
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Liaqat A. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: Role in Development of Insulin Resistance and Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:105-110. [PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and development of insulin resistance are characterized by multi-stimuli factors notably glucolipotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), epigenetic factors, activation of various transcriptional mediated pathways along with the augmented levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among the various pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is one the most important pro-inflammatory mediator that is critically involved in the development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of T2DM. TNF-α is mainly produced in adipocytes and/or peripheral tissues, and induces tissue-specific inflammation through the involvement of generation of ROS and activation of various transcriptional mediated pathways. The raised level of TNF-α induces insulin resistance in adipocytes and peripheral tissues by impairing the insulin signaling through serine phosphorylation that leads to the development of T2DM. Anti-TNF-α treatment strategies have been developed to reduce the incidence of insulin resistance and development of T2DM. In this article, we have briefly described how TNF-α plays crucial role to induce insulin resistance and pathogenesis of T2DM. To block the inflammatory responses by blocking TNF-α and TNF-α signaling may be an effective strategy for the treatment of insulin resistance and T2DM. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 105-110, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamira Liaqat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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193
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Ogassawara TB, Joaquim A, Coelho CP, Bernardi MM, Teodorov E, Martins MFM, Kirsten TB, Bonamin LV, Dossa PD, Viebig LB, Bondan EF. Food deprivation in F0 generation and hypercaloric diet in F1 generation reduce F2 generation astrogliosis in several brain areas after immune challenge. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28641987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effects of maternal food restriction during gestation in F0 generation followed by hypercaloric diet (HD) during puberty in F1 generation (F1HD) were investigated on astrocyte behavior of F2 generation. Also, the astrocyte behavior, after an immune challenge, was examined by the immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in several brain areas. METHODS The body weight gain (BW) during development and in postnatal day (PND) 90-95, the retroperitoneal fat weight (RPF), and the size of larger and smaller adipocytes in the F1 generation were assessed to observe the effects of HD in female rats. The BW, RPF weight and size of smaller and larger adipocytes was also measured to evaluate the transgenerational effects of F0 and F1 diets on F2 generation, treated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). KEY FINDINGS The F1HD group exhibited a higher BW gain than the F1 treated with normocaloric diet (ND, group F1ND), from weaning to PND65. In the frontal/parietal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamic arcuate/periventricular nuclei, molecular/granular layers of the cerebellum areas, excepting the pons, GFAP expression was greater in F1HD group relative to F1ND group. A reduced GFAP expression was observed in both groups born from F1 generation fed with HD (groups F2HDS and F2HDLPS) in relation to F2 generation born from dams fed with ND (groups F2NDS and F2NDLPS), independently of LPS challenge. SIGNIFICANCE These data show an attenuation of LPS effect on GFAP expression, probably by a transgenerational effect of both maternal food deprivation in F0 generation and HD in F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ogassawara
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - A Joaquim
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - C P Coelho
- Graduate Program of Animal Medicine and Welfare, University of Santo Amaro, Rua Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340, São Paulo, SP 04829-900, Brazil
| | - M M Bernardi
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - E Teodorov
- Mathematics, Computing and Cognition Center, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, SP 09210, Brazil
| | - M F M Martins
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - T B Kirsten
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - L V Bonamin
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - P D Dossa
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - L B Viebig
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
| | - E F Bondan
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, UNIP, Rua Dr. Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP 04026-002, Brazil
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194
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Duranti S, Ferrario C, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017. [PMID: 28638490 PMCID: PMC5473000 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that metabolic disorders, such as obesity, are closely linked to lifestyle and diet. Recently, the central role played by the intestinal microbiota in human metabolism and in progression of metabolic disorders has become evident. In this context, animal studies and human trials have demonstrated that alterations of the intestinal microbiota towards enhanced energy harvest is a characteristic of the obese phenotype. Many publications, involving both animal studies and clinical trials, have reported on the successful exploitation of probiotics and prebiotics to treat obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these observed anti-obesity effects of probiotics and prebiotic therapies are still obscure. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss the intricate relationship of various factors, including diet, gut microbiota, and host genetics, that are believed to impact on the development of obesity, and to understand how modulation of the gut microbiota with dietary intervention may alleviate obesity-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Duranti
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferrario
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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195
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Loo EXL, Goh A, Aris IBM, Teoh OH, Shek LPC, Lee BW, Chan YH, Tint MT, Soh SE, Saw SM, Gluckman P, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Yap F, Kramer MS, Van Bever H, Lee YS. Effects of infant weight gain on subsequent allergic outcomes in the first 3 years of life. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:134. [PMID: 28576134 PMCID: PMC5457600 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between early weight gain and later allergic outcomes has not been well studied. We examined the relation between weight gain and the subsequent development of allergic outcomes in the first 36 months of life in a Singapore birth cohort. Methods In repeated visits in the first 15 months, we measured infant weight and administered questionnaires ascertaining allergic outcomes. At ages 18 and 36 months, we administered skin prick tests (SPTs) to inhalant and food allergens. Results At 18 months, 13.5% had a positive SPT, 3.5% had wheeze and a positive SPT, 3.9% had rhinitis and a positive SPT, and 6.1% had eczema and a positive SPT. Higher weight gain from 6 to 9 months, 9 to 12 months and 12 to 15 months were independently associated with a reduced risk of developing a positive SPT at 18 months (p-trend ≤0.03). At 36 months, 23.5% had a positive SPT, 11.9% had wheeze and a positive SPT, 12.2% rhinitis and a positive SPT, and 11.5% eczema and a positive SPT. Higher weight gain from 12 to 15 months was associated with a reduced risk of developing a positive SPT at 36 months (p-trend <0.01). No significant associations were observed between weight gain in any period and wheeze, rhinitis or eczema combined with a positive SPT at 18 or 36 months. Conclusion Higher weight gain in the first 15 months of life was associated with a reduced risk of allergen sensitization, but not with combinations of allergic symptoms. Trial registration NCT01174875 Registered 1 July 2010, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-017-0890-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Xiu-Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Anne Goh
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergy service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin Bin Mohd Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Oon Hoe Teoh
- Department of Paediatrics, Respiratory Service Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Shu-E Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Hugo Van Bever
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore. .,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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196
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Sciriha A, Lungaro-Mifsud S, Bonello A, Agius T, Scerri J, Ellul B, Fenech A, Camilleri L, Montefort S. Systemic inflammation in COPD is not influenced by pulmonary rehabilitation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2017.1332682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Sciriha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Tonio Agius
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Josianne Scerri
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Bridget Ellul
- Department of Medicine, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Anthony Fenech
- Department of Medicine, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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197
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Serum inflammatory markers and colorectal cancer risk and survival. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1358-1365. [PMID: 28376082 PMCID: PMC5482738 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation has been linked with development of some cancers. We investigated systemic inflammation in relation to colorectal cancer incidence and subsequent survival using common serum inflammatory markers Design: A cohort of men and women aged 20 years and older in greater Stockholm area with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin measured between 1986 and 1999 were included (n=325 599). A subset of these had baseline measurements of haptoglobin and leukocytes. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to assess risk of colorectal cancer by levels of inflammatory markers, adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by circulating glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Overall and CRC-specific death following diagnosis were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 4764 individuals were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. A positive association between haptoglobin and colorectal cancer incidence was found (hazard ratio (HR): 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06–1.28). A positive association was also observed with leukocytes (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.03–1.42). No evidence of association was noted between CRP and colorectal cancer risk. Higher risks of all-cause death were seen with haptoglobin and leukocytes levels. Higher haptoglobin levels were linked with an increased risk of colorectal cancer death (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41). Conclusions: Prediagnostic systemic inflammation may impact colorectal cancer incidence and survival; therefore, prompting investigations linking inflammatory pathways preceding colorectal cancer with disease severity and progression.
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198
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk Kucukseymen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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199
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High-normal levels of hs-CRP predict the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver in healthy men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172666. [PMID: 28234943 PMCID: PMC5325306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a follow-up study to address whether high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels within the normal range can predict the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in healthy male subjects. Among15347 male workers between 30 and 59 years old who received annual health check-ups in 2002, a NAFLD-free cohort of 4,138 was followed through December 2009. Alcohol consumption was assessed with a questionnaire. At each visit, abdominal ultrasonography was performed to identify fatty liver disease. The COX proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the relationship between hs-CRP and incident NAFLD. During the follow-up period, 28.8% (1191 of 4138) of participants developed NAFLD. The hazard ratios of NAFLD were increased by hs-CRP categories within the normal range in the non-adjusted model and age-adjusted model. After adjusting for age, exercise, smoking, BMI, systolic BP, triglyceride, and fasting glucose, these incidences were only increased between the lowest and the highest hs-CRP categories. The risk for NAFLD increased as the hs-CRP level increased (p< 0.001). As the hs-CRP level increased within the healthy cohort, the risk of developing NAFLD increased. This trend remained true even if the hs-CRP level remained within the normal range. hs-CRP can be used as a predictor of NAFLD, as well as other obesity-associated diseases. Therefore, individuals with higher hs-CRP levels (even within the normal range) may require appropriate follow-up and management to prevent NAFLD development.
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200
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Ilinčić B, Stokić E, Stošić Z, Kojić NE, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Isenovic ER. Vitamin D status and circulating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in non-diabetic obese individuals: a pilot study. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:53-60. [PMID: 28144255 PMCID: PMC5206365 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.61812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and inadequate vitamin D status are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the associations between vitamin D status (i.e. serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)), biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (i.e. serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin)), inflammatory markers (i.e. high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen) and cardiometabolic risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) non-diabetic adults (mean age: 36.2 ±5.4 years) without pre-existing cardiovascular abnormalities and 25 clinically healthy, normal weight and age-matched individuals were included. Anthropometric parameters, markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, and serum levels of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were assessed in all subjects. RESULTS The mean serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the obese group than in controls (33.5 ±15.2 vs. 60.1 ±23.1 nmol/l; p < 0.001). In the obese group, sE-selectin (36.4 (32.1-47.2) vs. 32.4 (24.6-35.5) ng/ml, p < 0.05) and hsCRP (6.0 ±3.4 vs. 3.5 ±1.0 mg/l, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in individuals with lower than median vitamin D levels (i.e. 31 nmol/l) compared with those with higher vitamin D levels. In multivariable linear regression analysis, hsCRP (β = -0.43; p < 0.001) and sE-selectin (β = -0.30; p = 0.03) were independently and significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels may be related to increased levels of biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in obese non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Ilinčić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edita Stokić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zoran Stošić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nevena Eremić Kojić
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Radiobiology, Institute Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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