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Ponsford JR, Taira K. P62 Some unintended consequences of neonicotinoid insecticide use. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Okamoto M, Ito R, Taira K, Ikeda T. High IL-1α Production Was Induced in the WBN/Kob- Leprfa Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model and Inhibited by Syphacia Muris Infection. Helminthologia 2018; 55:12-20. [PMID: 31662623 PMCID: PMC6799528 DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel WBN/Kob-Leprfa (fa/fa) congenic rat strain is considered a useful rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accumulating findings suggest that low-grade inflammation is a causative factor in T2DM and that circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines are associated with insulin resistance. However, inflammatory cytokine profiles and their correlations with T2DM development/ progression in fa/fa rats have not been studied. In this study, we found that the fa/fa rats had considerably high plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1α. Abundant cecal IL-1α mRNA expression and cecal inflammation with infiltrating IL-1α-producing macrophages was observed in fa/fa rats. Bone marrow derived macrophages from fa/fa rats expressed high levels of IL-1α upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Furthermore, Syphacia muris infection, which delays the onset of T2DM, reduced both plasma and cecal IL-1α levels in fa/fa rats. These results suggest that macrophage infiltration and IL-1α secretion comprise an important part of T2DM development and that S. muris infection inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in fa/fa rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - R Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - K Taira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Kainaga M, Ohtomo G, Taira K, Tanaka M, Kubota A, Hamada M, Sakuishi K, Hayashi T, Shimizu J, Tsuji S. A rare clinical presentation of neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) accompanied with spinal cord atrophy: A case report. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kadoya M, Taira K, Ikenaga C, Uchio N, Kubota A, Mimori T, Kaida K, Tsuji S, Shimizu J. Evaluation for the clinical significance of cancer-association in anti-SRP antibody-positive myopathy. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ikenaga C, Masato K, Uchio N, Taira K, Kubota A, Tsuji S, Shimizu J. Usefulness of cytoplasmic 5’ - nucleotidase 1A autoantibodies for the diagnosis of inclusion body myositis. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Unuma A, Kadoya M, Hida A, Taira K, Uchio N, Ikenaga C, Kubota A, Tsuji S, Shimizu J. Analysis of the risk of cancer among myositis patients without anti-TIF1-γ OR –HMGCR antibodies. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yamada S, Yamashita H, Taira K, Hida A, Arai N, Shimizu J, Miyaji Y, Sonoo M, Yashima A, Takahashi Y, Kaneko H. A case of inclusion body myositis complicated by microscopic polyangiitis. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 47:243-245. [PMID: 28726537 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1334815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamada
- a Division of Rheumatic Diseases , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - H Yamashita
- a Division of Rheumatic Diseases , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - K Taira
- b Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - A Hida
- c Division of Neurology , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - N Arai
- c Division of Neurology , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - J Shimizu
- b Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Y Miyaji
- d Department of Neurology , Teikyo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - M Sonoo
- d Department of Neurology , Teikyo University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - A Yashima
- a Division of Rheumatic Diseases , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- a Division of Rheumatic Diseases , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - H Kaneko
- a Division of Rheumatic Diseases , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Yamazaki K, Nagase M, Tamagawa H, Ueda S, Tamura T, Murata K, Eguchi Nakajima T, Baba E, Tsuda M, Moriwaki T, Esaki T, Tsuji Y, Muro K, Taira K, Denda T, Funai S, Shinozaki K, Yamashita H, Sugimoto N, Okuno T, Nishina T, Umeki M, Kurimoto T, Takayama T, Tsuji A, Yoshida M, Hosokawa A, Shibata Y, Suyama K, Okabe M, Suzuki K, Seki N, Kawakami K, Sato M, Fujikawa K, Hirashima T, Shimura T, Taku K, Otsuji T, Tamura F, Shinozaki E, Nakashima K, Hara H, Tsushima T, Ando M, Morita S, Boku N, Hyodo I. Randomized phase III study of bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI and bevacizumab plus mFOLFOX6 as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (WJOG4407G). Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1539-46. [PMID: 27177863 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOLFIRI and FOLFOX have shown equivalent efficacy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), but their comparative effectiveness is unknown when combined with bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS WJOG4407G was a randomized, open-label, phase III trial conducted in Japan. Patients with previously untreated mCRC were randomized 1:1 to receive either FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab (FOLFIRI + Bev) or mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab (mFOLFOX6 + Bev), stratified by institution, adjuvant chemotherapy, and liver-limited disease. The primary end point was non-inferiority of FOLFIRI + Bev to mFOLFOX6 + Bev in progression-free survival (PFS), with an expected hazard ratio (HR) of 0.9 and non-inferiority margin of 1.25 (power 0.85, one-sided α-error 0.025). The secondary end points were response rate (RR), overall survival (OS), safety, and quality of life (QoL) during 18 months. This trial is registered to the University Hospital Medical Information Network, number UMIN000001396. RESULTS Among 402 patients enrolled from September 2008 to January 2012, 395 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. The median PFS for FOLFIRI + Bev (n = 197) and mFOLFOX6 + Bev (n = 198) were 12.1 and 10.7 months, respectively [HR, 0.905; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.723-1.133; P = 0.003 for non-inferiority]. The median OS for FOLFIRI + Bev and mFOLFOX6 + Bev were 31.4 and 30.1 months, respectively (HR, 0.990; 95% CI 0.785-1.249). The best overall RRs were 64% for FOLFIRI + Bev and 62% for mFOLFOX6 + Bev. The common grade 3 or higher adverse events were leukopenia (11% in FOLFIRI + Bev/5% in mFOLFOX6 + Bev), neutropenia (46%/35%), diarrhea (9%/5%), febrile neutropenia (5%/2%), peripheral neuropathy (0%/22%), and venous thromboembolism (6%/2%). The QoL assessed by FACT-C (TOI-PFC) and FACT/GOG-Ntx was favorable for FOLFIRI + Bev during 18 months. CONCLUSION FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab was non-inferior for PFS, compared with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab, as the first-line systemic treatment for mCRC. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER UMIN000001396.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka
| | - M Nagase
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke
| | - H Tamagawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka
| | - S Ueda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Higashiosaka
| | - T Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nara Hospital Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Ikoma
| | - K Murata
- Department of Surgery, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita
| | - T Eguchi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | - E Baba
- Department of Comprehensive Clinical Oncology, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka
| | - M Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi
| | - T Moriwaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba
| | - T Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka
| | - Y Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo
| | - K Muro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya
| | - K Taira
- Clinical Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka
| | - T Denda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba
| | - S Funai
- Department of Surgery, Sakai Hospital Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Sakai
| | - K Shinozaki
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - H Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama Medical Center, Okayama
| | - N Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka
| | - T Okuno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe
| | - T Nishina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matuyama
| | - M Umeki
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo Prefectural Awaji Medical Center, Sumoto
| | - T Kurimoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nagoya Kyoritsu Hospital, Nagoya
| | - T Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima
| | - A Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kochi Health Sciences Center, Kochi
| | - M Yoshida
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College Hospital, Takatsuki
| | - A Hosokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama
| | - Y Shibata
- Department of Chemotherapy, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki
| | - K Suyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo
| | - M Okabe
- Department of Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki
| | - K Suzuki
- Department of gastroenterology, Kushiro City General Hospital, Kushiro
| | - N Seki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - K Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Muroran City General Hospital, Muroran
| | - M Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ryuugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ryugasaki
| | - K Fujikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo
| | - T Hirashima
- Department of Thoracic Malignancy, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Habikino
| | - T Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - K Taku
- Division of Medical Oncology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka
| | - T Otsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongo Hospital, Yamatotakada
| | - F Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kumamoto Regional Medical Center, Kumamoto
| | - E Shinozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo
| | - K Nakashima
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki
| | - H Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama
| | - T Tsushima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka
| | - M Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya
| | - S Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Boku
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki
| | - I Hyodo
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba
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Nemoto O, Furue M, Nakagawa H, Shiramoto M, Hanada R, Matsuki S, Imayama S, Kato M, Hasebe I, Taira K, Yamamoto M, Mihara R, Kabashima K, Ruzicka T, Hanifin J, Kumagai Y. The first trial of CIM331, a humanized antihuman interleukin-31 receptor A antibody, in healthy volunteers and patients with atopic dermatitis to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a single dose in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:296-304. [PMID: 26409172 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine interleukin-31 (IL-31) is considered to be responsible for the development of pruritus in humans. At present, no available evidence has been provided on the safety and efficacy of blocking the IL-31 signal in humans for the amelioration of pruritus in atopic dermatitis (AD). CIM331 is a humanized antihuman IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) monoclonal antibody, which binds to IL-31RA to inhibit subsequent IL-31 signalling. OBJECTIVES To assess the tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of CIM331 in healthy Japanese and white volunteers, and Japanese patients with AD. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I/Ib study, CIM331 was administered in a single subcutaneous dose. The primary outcomes were safety and tolerability; the exploratory analysis was efficacy. RESULTS No deaths, serious adverse events (AEs) or discontinuations due to AEs were reported in any part of the study. No dose-dependent increase in the incidence of AEs occurred in any part of the study. In healthy volunteers, all AEs occurred once in the placebo groups, and increased creatine phosphokinase was more common in the CIM331 groups. In patients with AD, CIM331 reduced pruritus visual analogue scale score to about -50% at week 4 with CIM331 compared with -20% with placebo. CIM331 increased sleep efficiency and decreased the use of hydrocortisone butyrate. CONCLUSIONS A single subcutaneous administration of CIM331 was well tolerated in healthy volunteers and patients with AD. It decreased pruritus, sleep disturbance and topical use of hydrocortisone. CIM331 may become a novel therapeutic option for AD by inhibiting IL-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nemoto
- Kojinkai, Kita13-Jo Naika-Hifuka Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Shiramoto
- Medical Co. LTA Hakata Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - R Hanada
- Medical Co. LTA Sumida Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Matsuki
- Medical Co. LTA Kyushu Clinical Pharmacology Research Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Imayama
- Medical Co. LTA Kyushu Clinical Pharmacology Research Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Kato
- Kojinkai, Kita13-Jo Naika-Hifuka Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - I Hasebe
- Kojinkai, Kita13-Jo Naika-Hifuka Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Taira
- Medical Co. LTA Kyushu Clinical Pharmacology Research Clinic, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Yamamoto
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Mihara
- Translational Clinical Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hanifin
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - Y Kumagai
- Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato Clinical Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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Abstract
Summary
Syphacia muris is a ubiquitous nematode parasite and common contaminant of laboratory rats. A lthough S. muris infection is considered symptomless, it has some effects on the host’s immunity and therefore can interfere with experimental settings and interrupt final results. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the alteration within the host’s immunity remain unclear because of the absence of information about mRNA expressed in this parasite. In this study we performed the transcriptome profiling of S. muris by next-generation sequencing. After de novo assembly and annotation, 14,821 contigs were found to have a sequence homology with any nematode sequence. Gene ontology analysis showed that the majority of the expressed genes are involved in cellular process, binding, and catalytic activity. Although the rate of expressed genes involved in the immune system was low, we found candidate genes that might be involved in the alteration within the host’s immunity by regulating the host’s innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - K. Taira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - R. Ito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - F. Asai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Abstract
Baylisascaris potosis causes larva migrans in animals. The present study evaluated the prevalence of B. potosis in captive kinkajous ( Potos flavus ) and the ability of milbemycin to treat natural infections of B. potosis in 2 female wild-caught kinkajous. In 2012, fecal samples were collected from 16 kinkajous in 6 zoological gardens and 29 imported captive kinkajous from 4 pet traders in Japan. Although all samples from zoological gardens were negative, 8 kinkajous from traders were positive for Baylisascaris eggs, at least 4 of which were wild caught in the Republic of Guyana. No associated human illness was reported from any of the facilities. The 2 infected kinkajous received a single oral administration of Milbemycin® A Tablets, which delivers 0.69-0.89 mg/kg milbemycin oxime. Fecal examinations on days 14 and 30 were negative for Baylisascaris eggs. These results demonstrated that milbemycin oxime has possible anthelmintic efficacy against Baylisascaris roundworms in captive kinkajous. We conclude that Baylisascaris infections are highly prevalent in wild-caught kinkajous in Japan and that most of the infected kinkajous were imported from the Republic of Guyana.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tokiwa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - H Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - K Taira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Y Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Y Une
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Monzen S, Mariya Y, Nakamura A, Kawamura C, Taira K, Chiba M, Takai Y. Cytogenetic dosimetry by micronucleus assay using peripheral blood cells is modified by thyroid hormones. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:321-325. [PMID: 25948836 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a convenient and easy method of radiation biodosimetry that uses peripheral blood (PB) cells. However, for micronuclei (MN) frequency induced by ionising radiation, a dose-response relationship in abnormal condition, such as in cancer patients, has not been assessed. To clarify the difference between the dose-response curve generated by the CBMN assay in conditions when thyroid hormone levels were normal and during thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) prior to (131)I treatment, 12 thyroid cancer patients who underwent thyroidectomy were studied. The collected PB mononuclear cells were exposed to 0.5-3.0 Gy X-ray irradiation. Under normal conditions, dose dependency and independency of MN frequency were observed in 92 % and 8 %, respectively. In contrast, during THW, the number of patients who showed dose independency significantly increased to 42 % in comparison with control. Furthermore, a higher concentration of serum thyroglobulin in dose-independent patients was observed. These results suggest that MN frequency in cytogenetic dosimetry is affected by thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monzen
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Y Mariya
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - A Nakamura
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - C Kawamura
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - K Taira
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - M Chiba
- Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Division of Medical Life Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Y Takai
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Japan
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Taira K, Yazawa R, Watanabe A, Ishikawa Y, Okamoto M, Takahashi A, Asai F. Syphacia muris infection delays the onset of hyperglycemia in WBN/Kob-Lepr
fa rats, a new type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Helminthologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders and its continuous global increase is due to factors as population growth, urbanization, aging, and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity. The effect of pinworm infection on the development of hyperglycemia was examined in WBN/K-Lepf (fa/fa) rats, a new model of the obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with pancreatitis. The rats were orally administered Syphacia muris eggs (infected group) and distilled water (control group). Hyperglycemia onset in the infected group was significantly delayed compared to the control group. Neither body weight nor intake of food and water were affected by S. muris infection. This study demonstrated that S. muris infection delayed the onset of T2DM in fa/fa rats and suggested that elucidation of the underlying mechanism and relevant pathways in the helminth-mediated protection may lead to the development of a new strategy to prevent diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Taira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University. 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - R. Yazawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - A. Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Y. Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - M. Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - A. Takahashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University. 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - F. Asai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
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Abstract
The present study evaluated the pathogenicity of Baylisascaris potosis, a newly described ascarid nematode, in Mongolian gerbils. Gerbils were infected with varying doses of either B. potosis or Baylisascaris transfuga embryonated eggs (100, 1,000, and 4,000) for 30 days postinfection (pi). Baylisascaris potosis-infected gerbils showed no clinical signs of disease; however, gerbils exposed to 1,000 and 4,000 B. transfuga eggs showed severe neurologic signs at 22-29 days and 14-15 days pi, respectively. Histopathologic examination revealed larvae and lesions in the intestine, lung, liver, and muscles of B. potosis-infected gerbils, but not in the brain, whereas B. transfuga larvae were found only in the brain and muscle. These results indicate that B. potosis larvae migrate through numerous organs and are associated with visceral larva migrans in gerbils, but less frequently migrate to the nervous system in gerbils than does B. transfuga .
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tokiwa
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Sugimoto N, Yoshida M, Taira K, Tokunaga Y, Miyake Y, Hata T, Shimokawa T, Sakai D, Kurokawa Y, Furukawa H. Phase II Study of Panitumumab + IRI for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Wild KRAS, Resistant to IRI (OGSG1001). Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt459.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Daga H, Kinbara S, Katsushima U, Okada H, Tsuya A, Taira K, Tokunaga S, Nakao M, Yoshida T, Takeda K. Randomized Phase III Trial of Aprepitant Compared with Dexamethasone for Emesis Induced by Carboplatin. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt459.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Daga H, Okada H, Taira K, Tokunaga S, Takeda K, Miyamoto N, Hattori M, Tamiya M, Kobayashi M, Okamoto N, Sasada S, Suzuki H, Morishita N, Matsuura Y, Hirashima T. Periodic Measurement of N-Telopeptides of Type I Collogen in Serum (SNTX) for Early Diagnosis of Bone Metastasis in Patients with Lung Cancer. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Tamiya M, Tokunaga S, Okada H, Taira K, Daga H, Morishita N, Suzuki H, Okamoto N, Takeda K, Hirashima T. Usefulness of Serial Measurement of Serum N-Telopeptides of Type I Collogen (NTX) in Patients with Lung Cancer who Developed Bone Metastasis: A Prospective Study. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ogawa K, Takahashi K, Asato Y, Yamamoto Y, Taira K, Matori S, Iraha S, Yagi N, Yogi A, Haranaga S, Fujita J, Uezato H, Murayama S. Treatment and prognosis of angiosarcoma of the scalp and face: a retrospective analysis of 48 patients. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:e1127-33. [PMID: 22806620 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/31655219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyse the treatment results of clinically localised angiosarcoma of the scalp and face. METHODS The records of 48 patients who were treated between 1987 and 2009 were reviewed. single modality or a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy were administered. The median follow-up of all 48 patients was 13.7 months (range 2.5-105.9 months). RESULTS At the time of analysis, 45 of 48 patients (93.8%) had disease recurrences, and the lung was the most frequent site for recurrence (37 patients). In multivariate analysis, performance status (PS) and number of tumours were significant predictors of lung-metastasis-free (LMF) rate. For patients with multifocal tumours, chemotherapy use significantly decreased the LMF rate (p=0.0072). The 2-year actuarial overall survival (OS), progression-free survival and local control rates in all 48 patients were 22.1%, 10.7% and 46.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, PS, number of tumours, surgery and radiotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS. Patients treated with both surgery and radiotherapy (2-year OS: 45.8%) had a significantly more favourable OS (p<0.0001) than patients treated with either surgery or radiotherapy (2-year OS: 11.1%) and patients treated with neither surgery nor radiotherapy (2-year OS: 0%). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that PS and number of tumours were significant predictors for developing lung metastases. Our results also indicated that PS, number of tumours, surgery use and radiotherapy use were independent prognostic factors for OS. Multimodal treatments including surgery and radiotherapy were effective in improving OS for patients with these tumours. Advances in knowledge Multimodal treatments including surgery and radiotherapy are effective in improving overall survival for patients with angiosarcoma of the scalp and face.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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Iwasa S, Goto M, Yasui H, Nishina T, Takahari D, Nakayama N, Taira K, Kusaba H, Fuse N, Hironaka S, Shimada Y, Nakajima TE. Multicenter Feasibility Study of Combination Therapy with Fluorouracil, Leucovorin and Paclitaxel (FLTAX) for Peritoneal Disseminated Gastric Cancer with Massive Ascites or Inadequate Oral Intake. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:787-93. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Yamashiro K, Taira K, Nakajima M, Okuyama D, Azuma M, Takeda H, Suzuki H, Jotoku H, Watanabe K, Takahashi M, Taguchi K, Tamura M. Tissue rinse liquid-based cytology: a feasible tool for the intraoperative pathological evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Cytopathology 2011; 23:263-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Okada H, Tamiya M, Tokunaga S, Daga H, Taira K, Kobayashi S, Tanaka A, Miyamoto N, Hattori M, Kobayashi M, Okamoto N, Sasada S, Suzuki H, Morishita N, Matsuura Y, Hirashima T, Takeda K. Diagnosis of bone metastasis in patients with lung cancer using urinary and serum collagen type I telopeptide (NTx). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e18044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yamashiro K, Tagami M, Azuma K, Nakamura A, Kato O, Taira K, Azuma M, Takeda H, Suzuki H. Cytodiagnosis through use of a z-axis video by volunteer observers: a promising tool for external quality assessment. Cytopathology 2011; 22:88-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takiuchi H, Yasui H, Nishina T, Takahari D, Nakayama N, Taira K, Kusaba H, Fuse N, Hironaka S, Nakajima TE. Multicenter feasibility study of 5-FU, leucovorin, plus paclitaxel (FLTAX) for peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer with massive ascites or inadequate oral intake. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
119 Background: Oral fluoropyrimidine plus cisplatin is widely used as a standard treatment for advanced gastric cancer, but patients (pts) with severe peritoneal metastasis often cannot tolerate this regimen. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (LV), plus paclitaxel (PTX) for peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer with massive ascites or inadequate oral intake. Methods: Peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer with massive ascites or inadequate oral intake were enrolled in Part I (Level 1 (n=6): 5-FU bolus/l- LV div 2hr/PTX div 1hr = 500/250/60, Level 2 (n=6): 600/250/80 mg/m2 (day1, 8, 15, q4w) to determine dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and recommended dose (RD). In Part II (n=19), primary endpoint was completion rate of 2 cycles to evaluate the feasibility of this regimen at RD level. Results: One of Level 1 pts had DLT with grade 4 gastrointestinal perforation. Two of Level 2 pts had DLT (grade 3 febrile neutropenia and grade 3 infection with normal neutrophils) and treatment-related death (TRD) was observed in one patient due to pneumonia with grade 4 neutropenia. The RD was determined to be Level 1. Twenty-five patients were enrolled at RD level: first-line/second-line=18/7, performance status 0/1/2=1/19/5. The completion rate of 2 cycles was 92% and objective response rate of ascites was 45%. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed in 12% (febrile neutropenia in 8%). Five patients out of 7 second-line patients died within 30 days after last administration of FLTAX (TRD: 1 and disease progression: 4). Conclusions: RD of FLTAX regimen was 5-FU/l-LV/PTX=500/250/60 mg/m2. This regimen was feasible as the first-line treatment against peritoneal disseminated gastric cancer patients with massive ascites or inadequate oral intake. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Takiuchi
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Yasui
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Nishina
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Takahari
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Nakayama
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Taira
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Kusaba
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Fuse
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Hironaka
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. E. Nakajima
- Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan; Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; The Tokyo Cooperative Oncology Group, Tokyo, Japan; Osaka City General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan; Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan; National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Fujino A, Watanabe T, Taira K, Ashikawa K. MS347 ELEVATION OF INTERLEUKIN 6 ASSOCIATED REDUCTION OF LIPOPROTEIN(a) PREDICTS RESTENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PERFORMED SUCCESSFUL PRIMARY PTCA. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hori M, Shinada T, Taira K, Shimamoto N, Tanii T, Endo T, Ohdomari I. Performance enhancement of semiconductor devices by control of discrete dopant distribution. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:365205. [PMID: 19687545 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/36/365205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As semiconductor devices are scaled down to the nanometre level, random dopant fluctuation in the conducting channel caused by the small number of dopant atoms will significantly affect device performance. We fabricated semiconductor devices with random discrete dopant distribution in the drain side and then evaluated how well we could control the drain current of the devices. The results showed that the drain current in devices with the dopant distribution in the drain side was several per cent higher than that in devices with the dopant distribution in the source side. We believe that this increase in current is caused by the suppression of injection velocity degradation in the source side. The capability to control the location of individual dopant atoms enhances drain current and, therefore, the performance of nanodevices. Accurately controlling both the amount and the positioning of dopant atoms is critical for the advancement of true nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hori
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 165-8555, Japan
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Nakafusa J, Narisawa Y, Shinogi T, Taira K, Tanaka T, Inoue T, Misago N. Changes in the number of Merkel cells with the hair cycle in hair discs on rat back skin. Br J Dermatol 2007; 155:883-9. [PMID: 17034514 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hair discs are known to contain a large number of Merkel cells and are ideal for investigating Merkel cell biology. Hair follicles, which are important elements of hair discs, undergo unique cyclical morphological and biological changes. OBJECTIVES To define the relationships between the number and the morphology of Merkel cells within the hair disc in association with the hair cycle on rat back skin. METHODS Merkel cells in hair discs were observed three-dimensionally using immunohistochemistry. Epidermal sheets were incubated with monoclonal murine antibody to CK20. As a result, Merkel cells in hair discs were clearly demonstrated as whole shapes and were counted under a light microscope. RESULTS Merkel cells in hair discs increased during the early to middle phase of anagen and decreased during the middle phase of anagen to catagen and telogen in perinatal and postnatal rat back skin. We observed the morphological variation of Merkel cells in hair discs of rat back skin, and consequently divided them into two subtypes at the light microscopic level: the oval type and the dendritic type. The number of oval-type Merkel cells was not markedly affected by the hair cycle. In contrast, the number of dendritic-type Merkel cells markedly changed with the hair cycle. CONCLUSIONS This difference of the hair cycle dependency between oval and dendritic-type Merkel cells suggests some functional differences, such as a secretory function, related to the hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nakafusa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga City 849-8501, Japan.
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Sakamoto S, Taira K, Egawa H, Takada Y. Cytomegalovirus infection with perineal pain after living donor liver transplantation: report of four cases. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:37-41. [PMID: 17313470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2006.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on 4 adult cases of presumptive cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease with perineal pain after living donor liver transplantation. Patients presented with severe perineal pain without any other symptoms related to CMV infection, except pyrexia. All patients had an episode of acute cellular rejection (ACR) before the onset of perineal pain, and 1 patient needed OKT3 therapy. The severe perineal pain was not well controlled with medication, and 1 patient needed epidural anesthesia. In the first 3 patients, pp65 CMV antigenemia (pp65CMV-Ag) test results were positive and intravenous administration of ganciclovir (GCV) therapy was initiated. In the last patient, GCV therapy was preemptively administered before a positive pp65CMV-Ag test result was confirmed. After administration of GCV, the pain gradually disappeared and all patients had negative pp65CMV-Ag test results. In conclusion, unusual perineal pain can be a symptom related to CMV infection. CMV infection needs to be kept in mind when a liver transplant recipient has severe perineal pain, especially after receiving treatment for ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakamoto
- Department of Transplantation & Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Mizuno T, Nagao M, Yamada Y, Narikiyo M, Ueno M, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Nakajima Y. Small interfering RNA expression vector targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha inhibits tumor growth in hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:131-40. [PMID: 16096651 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinomas are hypovascular tumors that can proliferate under hypoxic conditions. Recent reports have demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1alpha) plays an important role in the survival of these cancers. Given these findings, the inhibition of the HIF1alpha pathway might prove to be a powerful tool in the treatment of these cancers. To inhibit HIF1alpha expression, we used small interference RNA (siRNA) expression vectors in this study. The transient transfection of siRNA expression vectors significantly reduced both HIF1alpha mRNA levels (13% of control) and protein levels (41% of control) and significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines (P<0.05). VEGF, Glut1, and aldorase A expressions were also significantly reduced by transfection with these vectors (P<0.05), and we found that these vectors induced apoptosis but not cell cycle arrest. In a subcutaneous tumor model using nude mice, transfected MIA PaCa-2 cells, stably expressing siRNAs, barely formed tumors compared to control (P<0.05). This study thus demonstrates the usefulness of siRNA expression vector in targeting HIF1alpha and points to a potential clinical role in the treatment of pancreatic and hepatobiliary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-city, Nara, Japan
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Watanabe T, Sudoh M, Miyagishi M, Akashi H, Arai M, Inoue K, Taira K, Yoshiba M, Kohara M. Intracellular-diced dsRNA has enhanced efficacy for silencing HCV RNA and overcomes variation in the viral genotype. Gene Ther 2006; 13:883-92. [PMID: 16496015 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to inhibit viral replication in mammalian cells and therefore could be a powerful new antiviral therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) may be effective for RNAi, but there are some technical problems that must be solved in each case, for example, predicting the effective siRNA target site and targeting heterogeneous sequences in a virus population. We show here that diced siRNA generated from long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is highly effective for inducing RNAi in HuH-7 cells harboring hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicons and can overcome variations in the HCV genotype. However, in mammalian cells, long dsRNA induced an interferon response and caused cell death. Here we describe an improvement of this method, U6 promoter-driven expression of long hairpin-RNA with multiple point mutations in the sense strand. This can efficiently silence HCV RNA replication and HCV protein expression without triggering the interferon response or cell death normally caused by dsRNA. In conclusion, intracellular-diced dsRNA efficiently induces RNAi, and, despite the high rate of mutation in HCV, it should be a feasible therapeutic strategy for silencing HCV RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Watanabe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
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Odani H, Uchikura M, Taira K, Kurata M. Transport and solution of gases and vapors in styrene-butadiene block copolymers: Absorption and desorption of n-hexane vapor. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348008213127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Odani
- a Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji , Kyoto-fu, 611, Japan
| | - M. Uchikura
- a Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji , Kyoto-fu, 611, Japan
| | - K. Taira
- a Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji , Kyoto-fu, 611, Japan
| | - M. Kurata
- a Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji , Kyoto-fu, 611, Japan
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Suyama E, Iyo M, Taira K. siRNAs generated by recombinant human Dicer induce specific and significant but target site-independent gene silencing in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:2153. [PMID: 16670428 PMCID: PMC1456332 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fujino A, Watanabe T, Taira K, Ashikawa K, Maruyama Y. Tu-P10:478 Acute elevation of interleukin6 with reduction of lipoprotein(A) predicts restenosis of angioplasty. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Rapid progress in the sequencing of the genomes of model organisms, such as the mouse, rat, nematode, fly, and Arabidopsis, as well as the human genome, has provided abundant sequence information, but functions of long stretches of these genomes remain to be determined. RNA-based technologies hold promise as tools that allow us to identify the specific functions of portions of these genomes. In particular, catalytic RNAs, known also as ribozymes, can be engineered for optimization of their activities in the intracellular environment. The introduction of a library of active ribozymes into cells, with subsequent screening for phenotypic changes, can be used for the rapid identification ofa gene function. Ribozyme technology complements another RNA-based tool for the determination of gene function, which is based on libraries of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
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Yasuda T, Hirata K, Ishida T, Kojima Y, Tanaka H, Okada T, Taira K, Yokoyama M. Th-P15:27 Simvastatin inhibits LPS-induced LDL uptake through suppression of EL expression in macrophages. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)81987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nakamura M, Taira K, Ohno A, Taira M, Sakugawa H, Takahashi K, Mishiro S. Hepatitis E virus isolates of genotype 4 recovered from wild boars in the Iriomote Island, Okinawa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2957/kanzo.47.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taki M, Sawata SY, Taira K. Specific N-terminal biotinylation of a protein in vitro by a chemically modified tRNA(fmet) can support the native activity of the translated protein. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 92:149-53. [PMID: 16233075 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.92.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2001] [Accepted: 05/23/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biotinylation of a protein generally involves chemical modification of a translated protein. Using this methodology, however, biotinylation at a specific position remains difficult. We investigated whether it would be possible to use an Escherichia coli initiator tRNA(fmet) aminoacylated with methionine biotinylated at the alpha-amino group to introduce a biotin tag specifically at the N terminus. We report here that a biotin tag could be incorporated into the green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the N-terminal site, in the presence of an E. coli initiator tRNA(fmet) aminoacylated with methionine biotinylated at the alpha-amino group. The biotinylated GFP was purified by simple monomeric streptavidin-agarose affinity column chromatography. Based on the total amount of GFP molecules, the purification yield and the biotin labelling efficiency of this system were approximately 7% and 10-20%, respectively, according to the densitometric analysis of Western blots. Judging from the results of a fluorescence imaging experiment, almost all the purified GFP molecules retained the native fluorescence activity. Importantly, the present results support the hypothesis that the E. coli initiator tRNA(fmet) aminoacylated with a relatively large substituent can be recognized by an E. coli ribosome and adequately placed at the P site to initiate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Huber R, Wojtkowski M, Taira K, Fujimoto J, Hsu K. Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT imaging: design and scaling principles. Opt Express 2005; 13:3513-28. [PMID: 19495256 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.003513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-speed, frequency swept, 1300 nm laser source for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT with Fourier domain/swept-source detection. The laser uses a fiber coupled, semiconductor amplifier and a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter. We present scaling principles which predict the maximum frequency sweep speed and trade offs in output power, noise and instantaneous linewidth performance. The use of an amplification stage for increasing output power and for spectral shaping is discussed in detail. The laser generates ~45 mW instantaneous peak power at 20 kHz sweep rates with a tuning range of ~120 nm full width. In frequency domain reflectometry and OCT applications the frequency swept laser achieves 108 dB sensitivity and ~10 mum axial resolution in tissue. We also present a fast algorithm for real time calibration of the fringe signal to equally spaced sampling in frequency for high speed OCT image preview.
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Sumimoto H, Yamagata S, Shimizu A, Miyoshi H, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Kawakami Y. Gene therapy for human small-cell lung carcinoma by inactivation of Skp-2 with virally mediated RNA interference. Gene Ther 2005; 12:95-100. [PMID: 15385954 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increase of Skp-2, which is involved in the degradation of cell cycle regulators including p27Kip1, p21 and c-myc, is one of the important mechanisms for dysregulation of cell cycles in various cancers. We applied RNA interference (RNAi) for Skp-2 by using HIV-lentiviral or adenoviral vectors for a human small-cell lung carcinoma cell line with increased Skp-2 to evaluate RNAi strategy for cancer gene therapy. HIV-lentivirus-mediated RNAi for Skp-2 resulted in efficient inhibition of the in vitro cell growth of cancer cells with increased Skp-2 through the increase of p27Kip1 and p21, but no significant effect on the growth of cells without high Skp-2 expression. Furthermore, intratumoral administration of adenovirus siRNA vector for Skp-2 efficiently inhibited growth of established subcutaneous tumor on NOD/SCID mice. These results indicate that the Skp-2 RNAi may be a useful strategy for gene therapy of cancers with high Skp-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sumimoto
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Han CJ, Taira K, Yu X, Shen HM. [Nutritional status survey in 200 of the Korean and Han nationality elderly in Yanji]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2005; 34:112-4. [PMID: 15862041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the nutritional status and dietary intake of the Korean and Han nationality elderly in Yanji. METHODS We selected 200 of the Korean and Han nationality adults aged 60 and older and measured their blood pressure. Dietary survey was performed with 24-hour dietary recall method. RESULTS (1) The daily average intake of energy surpassed recommended nutrient intake (RNI) value in male and amounted RNI in women. In the male, Breakfast energy intake ratio was significantly lower and supper energy intake ratio was significantly higher than female. Supper energy intake in male with hypertension was significantly higher than normal blood pressure. (2) The daily average intake of fat in the Korean was significantly lower than in Han nationality (P < 0.01), and also was lower than RNI value. The daily average intake of carbohydrate in the Korean was significantly higher than in Han nationality (P < 0.01). (3) The daily average intake of protein exceed RNI value in the Korean male and was slightly lower than RNI value in Han male and both nationality women. The daily average intake of protein in the Korean males was significantly higher than in Han males (P < 0.01). The ratio of good protein was 35%-45% and bean protein exceed 15%. (4) The daily average intakes of calcium and vitamin A were only half RNI value and vitamin B2 lower than RNI values. CONCLUSION The consumption of some nutrients among the Korean and Han nationality is inequality. The daily intake of calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B2 in elderly is seriously inadequate. Distribution of three meal energy is irrational and the high ratio of supper energy in male relates to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ji Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133000, China.
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Kaur K, Rani G, Widodo N, Nagpal A, Taira K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Evaluation of the anti-proliferative and anti-oxidative activities of leaf extract from in vivo and in vitro raised Ashwagandha. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:2015-20. [PMID: 15500938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is used in Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda and is believed to have a variety of health promoting effects. Molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying these effects have not been studied. We tried to characterize various activities of leaf extract of Ashwagandha (Lash) raised in the field and in the laboratory. We found that the Lash from field-raised plants has a significant anti-proliferative activity in human tumorigenic cells. However, it did not impart any protection against the oxidative damage caused by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide to human tumor cells suggesting that it can be used as an anti-tumor, but not as an anti-oxidant, substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaur
- Cell Proliferation Research Team, Gene Function Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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Abstract
Mouse and human cells have most frequently been used for studies that have led to the elucidation of various molecular pathways involved in senescence. The ARF-p53 pathway has been assigned as one of the major protagonists in these phenomena. ARF is an alternative reading frame protein encoded along with p16INK4A by the INK4a locus on human chromosome 9p21 and the corresponding locus on mouse chromosome 4. Whereas the mouse ARF (p19ARF) consists of 169 amino acids, the human ARF (p14ARF) consists of 132 amino acids, truncated at the C-terminus. Molecular studies on the regulation of ARF activity by its binding partners have revealed that mouse ARF protein, but not human ARF protein, interacts with a cytoplasmic protein, Pex19p. This interaction of mouse ARF with Pex19p results in its milder p53 activation function in mouse cells as compared to human cells and thus accounts, at least in part, for the weaker tumor surveillance and frequent immortalization of mouse cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wadhwa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Miyagawa S, Tanaka M, Okamoto S, Ishihara T, Nakajima M, Taira K, Yoshioka A, Asada H. Autoimmune thyroid disease in anti-Ro/SS-A-positive children with annular erythema: report of two cases. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150:1005-8. [PMID: 15149517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Ro/SS-A-associated recurrent annular erythema is a rare disorder, and represents a cutaneous manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We report two childhood cases complicated with autoimmune thyroid disease, one with Graves' disease and the other with autoimmune thyroiditis. Both children were positive for anti-Ro/SS-A and anti-La/SS-B antibodies. One patient was lacking clinical SS with objective evidence of salivary gland involvement, while the other was diagnosed with primary SS. Our observation suggests that autoimmune thyroid disease in the subset of anti-Ro/SS-A-positive children with annular erythema might occur with similar frequency to that in adult primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Nara 634-8522, Japan. sachikom@naramedu-ac-jp
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Taira K, Saeed I, Permin A, Kapel CMO. Zoonotic risk of Toxocara canis infection through consumption of pig or poultry viscera. Vet Parasitol 2004; 121:115-24. [PMID: 15110409 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2003] [Revised: 12/30/2003] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The potential zoonotic risk of Toxocara canis infections from consumption of swine or poultry viscera containing larvae was assessed using a pig model. Two groups of six pigs were fed either fresh swine viscera (group FS) or poultry viscera (FP) containing around 3500 Toxocara larvae. Another two groups of six pigs were fed swine viscera (PS) or poultry viscera (PP) preserved at 4 degrees C for 1 week. All pigs were necropsied 14 days after the exposure. Liver white spots were counted and T. canis specific IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. Larval burdens were assessed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, brain, tongue, and eyes. All recipient pigs exhibited several white spots on the liver surface and detectable antibody levels. Larvae were recovered predominantly from the lungs, but also from the mesenteric lymph nodes and the liver, a few larvae were found in the brain and tongue of the pigs. Two larvae were found in the eyes of two pigs in group FS. Mean percentages of total larval recoveries in groups FS, FP, PS, and PP were 75.3, 63.6, 42.6, and 18.8%, respectively. Significantly higher numbers of larvae were recovered from pigs given swine viscera than pigs given poultry viscera. The preservation at 4 degrees C for 1 week caused a significant reduction in the larval infectivity overall, nevertheless, the recoveries remained substantial. The fact that larvae migrating in swine or poultry organs and tissues have high infectivity in pigs even after preservation at 4 degrees C for 1 week, suggests that human infection with T. canis might easily occur following consumption of raw or undercooked dishes, either fresh or refrigerated, prepared from swine or poultry organs and tissues harbouring T. canis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taira
- Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
The population dynamics of Toxocara canis in pigs, and their immune response to a primary and a challenge infection, were studied by parasitological, haematological and serological parameters. Seventy pigs were divided into 4 groups; 35 pigs received a primary infection (group A), 15 pigs received both a primary and a challenge infection (group B), 15 pigs received the challenge infection only (group C), and 5 pigs served as helminth-free controls (group NC). A dose of 50,000 eggs was administered for the primary infection (day 0) and a dose of 10,000 eggs was given for the challenge infection (day 28). On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 p.i., 5 pigs of group A, and on days 35, 42 and 49 p.i., 5 pigs from each of groups A, B and C were necropsied. Numbers of recovered larvae varied widely among the 5 pigs of each group on all days of necropsy. Toxocara canis larvae were recovered predominantly from the lungs; migration of larvae to other organs or tissues from the lungs was restricted. In group A, the larval burden in the lungs peaked on day 14 p.i., and the larval densities decreased significantly over time. Thereafter, the majority of larvae were recovered from the lungs until the end of the experiment (day 49 p.i.). A few larvae were found in the muscles and brain until day 42 p.i., and 2 larvae were found in the eyes of 2 pigs on day 35 p.i. There was little evidence of protective immunity to a challenge infection in this experiment. The eosinophil levels tended not to increase in pigs receiving a challenge infection, in contrast to the challenge control pigs. The fact that T. canis larvae migrate and persist in the tissues of pigs for more than 1 month suggests a zoonotic risk in infected pigs. The relevance of these data to the population biology and immunology of porcine and human toxocarosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taira
- Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
Ribozymes are RNA molecules with enzymatic activity that can cleave target RNA molecules in a sequence specific manner. To date, various types of ribozyme have been constructed to cleave other RNAs and such trans-acting ribozymes include hammerhead, hairpin and HDV ribozymes. External guide sequence (EGS) can also induce the suppression of a gene-expression by taking advantage of cellular RNase P. Here we compared the activities of various functional RNA cleavers both in vitro and in vivo. The first purpose of this comparison was intended to determine the best ribozyme motif with the highest activity in cells. The second purpose is to know the correlation between the activities of ribozymes in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that the intrinsic cleavage activity of ribozymes is not the sole determinant that is responsible for the activity of a ribozyme in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Takeda H, Kawasaki H, Taira K. Functional analysis of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax using hammerhead ribozymes. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2003:169-70. [PMID: 12903322 DOI: 10.1093/nass/44.1.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A pro-apoptotic protein Bax is a Bcl-2 family member and forms homodimers and also heterodimerizes with death antagonists, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. To elucidate the detail of function of Bax in cells, we constructed a hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the Bax mRNA. The level of Bax protein in Hela-K cells expressing Bax-ribozyme was decreased compared with that of wild type Hela-K cells. Therefore, the Bax-ribozyme should be useful for the future investigations of the details of apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takeda
- National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (NAIR), Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, Japan
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Hwang J, Fauzi H, Fukuda K, Sekiya S, Kakiuchi N, Taira K, Kusakabe I, Nishikawa S. Analysis of aptamer binding site for HCV-NS3 protease by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 2003:253-4. [PMID: 12903364 DOI: 10.1093/nass/44.1.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multifunctional protein and possesses protease, nucleotide triphosphatase and helicase activities. The N-terminal domain of NS3 (amino acids 1027-1218; delta NS3) has a trypsin-like protease activity and is essential for processing of viral polyprotein. Accordingly it is a potential target for anti-HCV drugs and we isolated RNA aptamers (Kd = 10 nM, Ki = 100 nM) using in vitro selection strategy. To study the interaction between delta NS3 and its aptamer, we applied alanine scanning mutagenesis and constructed seven mutant proteins at positive amino acid residues on the surface of delta NS3. Binding and inhibitory activities of the NS3 aptamer against mutant proteins were kinetically analyzed. These results clarified that especially Arg161 and Arg130 are important for interaction with the NS3 aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hwang
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, AIST, Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba
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