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Hermanto FE, Warsito W, Rifa'i M, Widodo N. Understanding hypocholesterolemic activity of soy isoflavones: Completing the puzzle through computational simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9931-9937. [PMID: 36443895 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypocholesterolemic activity of soy isoflavones has been studied, but the exact mechanism underlying the activity remains unclear. This study reveals the proposed mechanism of the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy isoflavones by computational simulations. Daidzin, Glycitin, Genistin, Daidzein, Glycitein, Genistein, Glyceollin I, Glyceollin II, and Glyceollin III were selected to be analyzed their interaction with 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase (HMGCR) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2) as key factors in cholesterol biosynthesis as well as Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) as a common target for hypercholesterolemia. Protein-isoflavones interaction was analyzed using AutoDock. According to binding energy calculations, a total of five out of those nine isoflavones, including Glycitin, Genistin, Genistein, Glyceollin II, and Glyceollin III, were favored to be a HMGCR inhibitor but not with SREBP2 and PCSK9. Those isoflavones were then compared with Simvastatin as known inhibitor of HMGCR. Isoflavone with binding energy lower than Simvastatin then directed to molecular dynamics using YASARA and headed into toxicity estimations. Almost all of those isoflavones could bind with HMGCR with better stability than Simvastatin according to molecular dynamics simulations. Toxicity prediction filtered two out of the five isoflavones mentioned earlier as the proper candidate to be an HMGCR inhibitor. Those isoflavones were Genistin and Genistein. In summary, the hypocholesterolemic activity of soy isoflavones may occur by blocking the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feri Eko Hermanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Warsito Warsito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Essential Oil Institute, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Biosystem Study Center, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Biosystem Study Center, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Budaya TN, Permatasari HK, Widodo N, Prawiro SR. The Evolution of Polyclonal Antibody from Specific Epitope 47kDA for Detection of Bladder Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3155-3164. [PMID: 37774067 PMCID: PMC10762744 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.9.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study will identify specific epitopes from the 47kDa protein as the basis for making polyclonal antibodies to increasing sensitivity and specificity of 47kDa protein as bladder cancer biomarkers. METHOD The 47kDa protein epitope prediction was carried out using the in-silico method. The epitope with the highest and the lowest value was immunized to the mice for four weeks and was harvested at the fifth weeks. The antibody was tested with the patient's urine using western blotting. Total of 186 participants including in this study. For the first stage (antibody confirmation test) test we have 18 participants, for the second stage (1st antibody diagnosis test) we have 72 participants and for the third stage (2nd antibody diagnosis test) we have 96 participants, consist of total 64 BC patients 48 of healthy individuals and 74 participants with the other diseases. RESULTS Some epitopes from the sequenced protein are candidates for immunization, in the chain 108'-136' (with lowest Bepipred score: 0.53) named as peptide1 and chain 42'-56' (with highest bepipred score: 0.58) named as peptide2. In western blotting test, both antibodies showed detection at 47kDa. When examined with western blot using urine from BC patients, urine from other cancer patients (prostate, kidney, ureter, rectal, breast), and healthy persons, both antibodies were found to only express 47kDa in urine from BC patients. The diagnostic tests showed high sensitivity (91.67%) and specificity (94.44%) inAb2 in predicting bladder cancer. CONCLUSSION The evolution of the polyclonal antibody made from specific epitopes is proven to express specifically on bladder cancer patients and have high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Nur Budaya
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - N Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Sumarno Reto Prawiro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
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Laksono RM, Kalim H, Rohman MS, Widodo N, Ahmad MR, Halim W. Erratum: Pulsed Radiofrequency Decreases pERK and Affects Intracellular Ca 2+ Influx, Cytosolic ATP Level, and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in the Sensitized Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Induced by N-Methyl D-Aspartate [Corrigendum]. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2131-2132. [PMID: 37361427 PMCID: PMC10290465 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s425900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S409658.].
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Laksono RM, Kalim H, Rohman MS, Widodo N, Ahmad MR, Halim W. Pulsed Radiofrequency Decreases pERK and Affects Intracellular Ca 2+ Influx, Cytosolic ATP Level, and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in the Sensitized Dorsal Root Ganglion Neuron Induced by N-Methyl D-Aspartate. J Pain Res 2023; 16:1697-1711. [PMID: 37252110 PMCID: PMC10216856 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s409658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanism of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in chronic pain management is not fully understood. Chronic pain involves the activation of specific N-Methyl D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) to induce central sensitization. This study aims to determine the effect of PRF on central sensitization biomarker phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), Ca2+ influx, cytosolic ATP level, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of the sensitized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron following NMDAR activation. Methods This study is a true experimental in-vitro study on a sensitized DRG neuron induced with 80 µM NMDA. There are six treatment groups including control, NMDA 80 µM, Ketamine 100 µM, PRF 2Hz, NMDA 80 µM + PRF 2 Hz, and NMDA 80 µM + PRF 2 Hz + ketamine 100 µM. We use PRF 2 Hz 20 ms for 360 seconds. Statistical analysis was performed using the One-Way ANOVA and the Pearson correlation test with α=5%. Results In the sensitized DRG neuron, there is a significant elevation of pERK. There is a strong correlation between Ca2+, cytosolic ATP level, and Δψm with pERK intensity (p<0.05). PRF treatment decreases pERK intensity from 108.48 ± 16.95 AU to 38.57 ± 5.20 AU (p<0.05). PRF exposure to sensitized neurons also exhibits a Ca2+ influx, but still lower than in the unexposed neuron. PRF exposure in sensitized neurons has a higher cytosolic ATP level (0.0458 ± 0.0010 mM) than in the unexposed sensitized neuron (0.0198 ± 0.0004 mM) (p<0.05). PRF also decreases Δψm in the sensitized neuron from 109.24 ± 6.43 AU to 33.21 ± 1.769 AU (p<0.05). Conclusion PRF mechanisms related to DRG neuron sensitization are by decreasing pERK, altering Ca2+ influx, increasing cytosolic ATP level, and decreasing Δψm which is associated with neuron sensitization following NMDAR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ristiawan Muji Laksono
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Handono Kalim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ramli Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Willy Halim
- Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Yurina V, Rahayu Adianingsih O, Widodo N. Oral and intranasal immunization with food-grade recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing high conserved region of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein triggers mice's immunity responses. Vaccine X 2023; 13:100265. [PMID: 36712897 PMCID: PMC9869617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic began at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread throughout the world. Vaccination is still the most effective method of prevention of pathogenic infections, including viral infections. However, there is little evidence that vaccination can protect against SARS-CoV-2 virus for a long time. Thus, regular re-vaccination is necessary to control COVID-19. Vaccination by injection is invasive, and is one of the reasons people refuse to get re-vaccinated. Therefore, we developed a less invasive vaccine based on oral or nasal administration. The gene encoding the high conserved region (HCR) spike protein was inserted into pNZ8149 and expressed in L.lactis NZ3900. Mice were immunized at 3-week intervals with oral or nasal routes. Anti-SARS-CoV2 spike antibody (IgG and IgA) level were measured using ELISA method before and after treatment. Plasma cells population in lymph were analyzed using flowcytometry and the CD4 + and CD8 + cells in lymph and intestine were analyzed using immunofluorescence method. The results of nasal and oral administration in experimental animals showed that L.lactis carrying the HCR gene could induce a humoral immune response, as indicated by increased levels of IgG and IgA against SARS-CoV-2 (IgG/IgA-SARS-CoV-2). The plasma cell population after nasal and oral vaccination in mice were significantly different with control group (p < 0.05). The CD4 + and CD8 + cells in intestine were significantly higher in orally immunized group mice than control group. The CD8 + cells in lymph were significantly higher in intranasal immunized group mice than control group. Our data demonstrate L.lactis expressing spike protein can be developed into a less invasive alternative to nasal and oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Yurina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia,Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Wargasetia TL, Ratnawati H, Widodo N, Widyananda MH. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sea Cucumber ( Holothuria scabra) Active Compounds against KEAP1 and iNOS Protein. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322221149613. [PMID: 36688185 PMCID: PMC9850421 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221149613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have a role in the development of various diseases. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with many proteins, including Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (KEAP1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins. The active compounds contained in Holothuria scabra have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sea cucumber's active compounds by targeting KEAP1 and iNOS proteins. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of H. scabra extract were measured spectrophotometrically. The 3-dimensional (3D) structures of sea cucumber's active compounds and proteins were obtained from the PubChem and Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB) databases. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina software. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using Yet Another Scientific Artificial Reality Application (YASARA) software with environmental parameters according to the cell's physiological conditions. The membrane permeability test was performed using the PerMM web server. The methanol extract of H. scabra had a weak antioxidant activity against DPPH and strong activity against NO radical. Scabraside and holothurinoside G had the most negative binding affinity values when interacting with the active site of KEAP1 and iNOS proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations also showed that both compounds were stable when interacting with KEAP1 and iNOS. However, scabraside and holothurinoside G were difficult to penetrate the cell plasma membrane, which is seen from the high energy transfer value in the lipid acyl chain region of phospholipids. Scabraside and holothurinoside G are predicted to act as antioxidants and anti-inflammations, but in their implementation to in vitro and in vivo study, it is necessary to have liposomes or nanoparticles, or other delivery methods to help these 2 compounds enter the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Liliana Wargasetia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas
Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Bandung, Indonesia,Teresa Liliana Wargasetia, Faculty of
Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University),
Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas
Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of
Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Widyananda MH, Wicaksono ST, Rahmawati K, Puspitarini S, Ulfa SM, Jatmiko YD, Masruri M, Widodo N. A Potential Anticancer Mechanism of Finger Root ( Boesenbergia rotunda) Extracts against a Breast Cancer Cell Line. Scientifica (Cairo) 2022; 2022:9130252. [PMID: 36106139 PMCID: PMC9467824 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer women suffer from worldwide in 2020 and the 4th leading cause of cancer death. Boesenbergia rotunda is an herb with high potential as an anticancer agent. This study explores the potential bioactive compounds in B. rotunda as anti-breast cancer agents using in silico and in vitro approaches. The in silico study was used for active compound analysis, selection of anticancer compound candidates, prediction of target protein, functional annotation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation, respectively. The in vitro study was conducted by measurement toxicity, rhodamine 123, and apoptosis assays on T47D cells. Based on the KNApSAcK database, B. rotunda contained 20 metabolites, which are dominated by chalcone and flavonoid groups. Seven of them were predicted to have anticancer activity, namely, sakuranetin, cardamonin, alpinetin, 2S-pinocembrin, 7.4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavanone, 5.6-dehydrokawain, and pinostrobin chalcone. These compounds targeted proteins related to cancer progression pathways such as the PI3K/Akt, FOXO, JAK/STAT, and estrogen signaling pathways. Therefore, these compounds are predicted to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells through their interactions with MMP12, MMP13, CDK4, JAK3, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and KCNA3. Anticancer activity of B. rotunda through in vitro study confirmed that B. rotunda extract is strong cytotoxic and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines. This study concludes that Boesenbergia rotunda has potency as an anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Septian Tri Wicaksono
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Rahmawati
- Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sapti Puspitarini
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Siti Mariyah Ulfa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Masruri Masruri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Widodo N, Puspitarini S, Widyananda MH, Alamsyah A, Wicaksono ST, Masruri M, Jatmiko YD. Anticancer activity of Caesalpinia sappan by downregulating mitochondrial genes in A549 lung cancer cell line. F1000Res 2022; 11:169. [PMID: 36128561 PMCID: PMC9468624 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.76187.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The standardization and mechanism of action of
Caesalpinia sappan as an anticancer agent are still lacking. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of
C,sappan extract as an anticancer agent. Methods: This study was conducted using the A549 lung cancer cell line to understand the mechanism of action of
C. sappan extract as an anticancer agent. The cytotoxicity activity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, protein-related apoptosis (i.e., BCL-2and BAX protein) assays, and RNA sequencing were performed level were measured. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and phenolics of
C.sappan were also assessed. Results:C.sappan has strong antioxidant activity (22.14 ± 0.93 ppm) total flavonoid content of (529.3 ± 4.56 mgQE/g), and phenolics content of (923.37 ± 5 mgGAE/g). The
C.sappan ethanol extract inhibited cancer cell growth and arrested at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, inducing apoptosis by increasing BAX/BCL-2 protein ratio in A549 lung cancer cell line. Furthermore, results from RNA sequencing analysis showed that
C.sappan ethanol extract caused downregulation of genes acting on mitochondrial function including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and respiration. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that
C.sappan has the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sapti Puspitarini
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Adzral Alamsyah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Septian Tri Wicaksono
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Masruri Masruri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Dwi Jatmiko
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Wargasetia TL, Ratnawati H, Widodo N. Sea Cucumber Compounds Targeting NF-κB in Cancer Treatment. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221091740. [PMID: 35462875 PMCID: PMC9019350 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221091740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and the leading cause of death in many countries. It remains challenging to find anticancer treatments that work efficiently for varying types of cancer cells. Several studies revealed that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a family of dimeric transcription factors that induce tumor promotion, progression, and therapeutic resistance, providing evidence that NF-kB may be a promising target for cancer drugs. Some research has found that sea cucumber biocompounds have anticancer properties, but further research is essential to confirm anticancer targets. This manuscript discusses the mechanisms of anticancer targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by sea cucumber-derived compounds. Additional database analysis showed the protein targeted by the compounds involved in several pathways related to the NF-κB network. Moreover, SwissADME predicted druglikeliness properties of the active compounds of sea cucumber. The discussion is expected to provide new insight into the promising potential of these marine natural products for the treatment of many different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Liliana Wargasetia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha (Maranatha Christian University), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
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Widodo N, Puspitarini S, Widyananda MH, Alamsyah A, Wicaksono ST, Masruri M, Jatmiko YD. Anticancer activity of Caesalpinia sappan by downregulating mitochondrial genes in A549 lung cancer cell line. F1000Res 2022; 11:169. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.76187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The standardization and mechanism of action of Caesalpinia sappan as an anticancer agent are still lacking. This study aimed to understand the mechanism of action of C,sappan extract as an anticancer agent. Methods: This study was conducted using the A549 lung cancer cell line to understand the mechanism of action of C. sappan extract as an anticancer agent. The cytotoxicity activity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, protein-related apoptosis (i.e., BCL-2and BAX protein) assays, and RNA sequencing were performed level were measured. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and phenolics of C.sappan were also assessed. Results: C.sappan has strong antioxidant activity (22.14 ± 0.93 ppm) total flavonoid content of (529.3 ± 4.56 mgQE/g), and phenolics content of (923.37 ± 5 mgGAE/g). The C.sappan ethanol extract inhibited cancer cell growth and arrested at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, inducing apoptosis by increasing BAX/BCL-2 protein ratio in A549 lung cancer cell line. Furthermore, results from RNA sequencing analysis showed that C.sappan ethanol extract caused downregulation of genes acting on mitochondrial function including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and respiration. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that C.sappan has the ability to inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in A549 cells.
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Christina YI, Rifa’i M, Widodo N, Djati MS. The combination of Elephantopus scaber and Phaleria macrocarpa leaves extract promotes anticancer activity via downregulation of ER-α, Nrf2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022; 13:100674. [PMID: 36502785 PMCID: PMC9950941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elephantopus scaber and Phaleria macrocarpa have recently been interested as novel anticancer agents. However, there was no scientific evaluation of the anticancer effect of both plant combinations. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential anticancer effects of combined E. scaber and P. macrocarpa leaves extract on human breast cancer cells lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS T47D cells were treated with the combination of E. scaber and each part of P. macrocarpa (leaves/EL, mesocarp/EM, seed/ES and pericarp/EP). T47D cells were then exposed to three ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 1:2) of the best combination for 24, 48, and 72 h. The cell viability of T47D and TIG-1 cells was assessed using WST-1 assay. The apoptotic hallmarks were determined using FITC Annexin V-PI staining and DNA fragmentation assay. The cell proliferation and cell cycle profiles were analyzed using CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) and Propidium iodide-flowcytometry assays. The relative number of p-ERα, p-Nrf2, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were assessed using flow cytometry. The molecular docking analysis was also performed to confirm the mechanism of the extract in silico. RESULTS The combination of E. scaber and P. macrocarpa leaves (EL) possessed strong cytotoxic activity (p < 0.05) than other combination groups and cisplatin. EL showed selective killing only to T47D cells. EL at a ratio of 2:1 potentially suppressed the cell viability and cell division, induced apoptosis, and arrested the cell cycle of T47D cells by triple inhibiting the p-Nrf2, p-ERα, and p-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that the possible mechanism of EL to reduce T47D cell growth was by inhibiting ERα and Nrf2-complex, resulting in the reduction in the crosstalk effect of Nrf2, ERα and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. CONCLUSION The combination of leaf extracts from E. scaber and P. macrocarpa caused cell death in breast cancer cells T47D and not in normal cells TIG-1; hence has the potential to show anticancer efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Ika Christina
- Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa’i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Sasmito Djati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia.
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Laksono RM, Kalim H, Rohman MS, Widodo N, Ahmad MR. Serine racemase interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors antagonist reveals potential alternative target of chronic pain treatment: Molecular docking study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:232-237. [PMID: 35935687 PMCID: PMC9355058 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_72_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine racemase (SR) catalyzes L-serine racemization to activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). NMDAR activation is associated with the progression of acute-to-chronic neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate NMDAR antagonist interactions with SR to obtain potential chronic pain target therapy. Several NMDAR antagonist drugs were obtained from the drug bank, and malonate was used as a control inhibitor. Ligands were prepared using the open babel feature on PyRx. The SR structure was obtained from Protein data bank (PDB) (3l6B) and then docked with ligands using the AutoDock Vina. Haloperidol had a lower binding affinity than malonate and other ligands. Ethanol had the highest binding affinity than other drugs but could bind to the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding domain. Haloperidol is bound to reface that function for reprotonation in racemization reaction to produce D-serine. Halothane bond with Arg135 residues aligned negatively charged substrates to be reprotonated properly by reface. Tramadol is bound to amino acid residues in the triple serine loop, which determines the direction of the SR reaction. Several NMDAR antagonists such as haloperidol, halothane, ethanol, and tramadol bind to SR in the specific binding site. It reveals that SR potentially becomes an alternative target for chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ristiawan Muji Laksono
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ristiawan Muji Laksono, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang, Jl. Jaksa Agung Suprapto no. 2 Malang, East Java, Indonesia. E-mail:
| | - Handono Kalim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Ramli Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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13
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Wuryandari MRE, Atho'illah MF, Laili RD, Fatmawati S, Widodo N, Widjajanto E, Rifa'i M. Lactobacillus plantarum FNCC 0137 fermented red Moringa oleifera exhibits protective effects in mice challenged with Salmonella typhi via TLR3/TLR4 inhibition and down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100531. [PMID: 34903438 PMCID: PMC8728064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella typhi is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium that threatens health. S. typhi infection exacerbated the antibiotic resistance problem that needs alternative strategies. Moringa oleifera possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. However, there is a lack of information about the pharmacological value of red M. oleifera. The fermentation of red M. oleifera leaves extract (RMOL) is expected to add to its nutritional value. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate non-fermented RMOL (NRMOL) and fermented RMOL (FRMOL) effects on S. typhi infection in mice. Materials and methods Female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The treatment groups were orally administered with NRMOL or FRMOL at doses 14, 42, and 84 mg/kg BW during the 28 days experimental period. Then S. typhi was introduced to mice through intraperitoneal injection except in the healthy groups. The NRMOL or FRMOL administration was continued for the next seven days. Cells that expressed CD11b+ TLR3+, CD11b+TLR4+, CD11b+IL-6+, CD11b+IL-17+, CD11b+TNF-a+, and CD4+CD25+CD62L+ were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Our result suggested that NRMOL and FRMOL extracts significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the expression of CD11b+TLR3+, CD11b+TLR4+, CD11b+IL-6+, CD11b+IL-17+, and CD11b+TNF-α+ subsets. In contrast, NRMOL and FRMOL extracts significantly increased (p < 0.05) the expression of CD4+CD25+CD62L+ subsets. NRMOL at dose 14 and 42 mg/kg BW was more effective compared to FRMOL in reducing the expression of CD11b+TLR3+, CD11b+TLR4+, and CD11b+TNF-α+ subsets. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that NRMOL and FRMOL extracts could be promising agents for protection against S. typhi infection via modulation of TLR3/TLR4, regulatory T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mm Riyaniarti Estri Wuryandari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Technology and Health Management, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, 64114, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Dzariyani Laili
- Department of Nutrition, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Hang Tuah Surabaya, 60244, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Fatmawati
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Center of Biosystem Study, LPPM of Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Edi Widjajanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Center of Biosystem Study, LPPM of Brawijaya University, 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.
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14
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Ratnawati DE, Marjono M, Widodo N. PSO-ELM with Modified Acceleration Coefficients for Classifying the Active Compound. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893616666210515141605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The classification of active compounds based on their function using machine
learning is essential for predicting the function of new active compounds quickly. These classification
results are beneficial to accelerate the work of laboratory assistants in identifying the
function of active compounds. In this study, an active compound is represented by the Simplified
Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) code.
Objective:
This paper proposes a modified acceleration coefficient to improve the PSO-ELM performance
for predicting the function of the SMILES code.
Method:
The research uses a machine-learning algorithm that is a combination of the Particle
Swarm Optimization and Extreme Learning Machine (PSO-ELM). ELM is used to classify the
SMILES code, while PSO is used to optimize ELM parameters, i.e., weight, bias, and the number
of hidden neurons. The important parameters that significantly influence the PSO performance are
acceleration coefficients. The acceleration coefficients, that are modified Sigmoid-Based Acceleration
Coefficient (SBAC), are introduced and compared with seven other acceleration coefficients.
Results:
The experimental results show that the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Area Under
the Curve (AUC) of the proposed acceleration coefficients outperform all other acceleration coefficients.
The increased accuracy of the proposed can reach up to 2.64%, 5.84%, 7.93%, 8.44%, and
16.29% for Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision tree, AdaBoost, MLP Classifier, and Gaussian
Naïve Bayes algorithms, respectively.
Conclusion:
The acceleration coefficients affect the prediction accuracy of the SMILES code classification.
The proposed acceleration coefficients improve the performance of the PSO-ELM for
predicting the function of the SMILES code.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjono Marjono
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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15
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Muflikhah L, Widodo N, Mahmudy WF, Solimun. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Disease Using Hybrid Hierarchical k-Means Clustering and SVM Algorithm. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615999200626185251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious disease and is the third main
cause of death in the world. Hepatitis B virus infection can lead to HCC. The virus introduces
genetic material into the host, damages DNA, and interferes with the activity of the apoptotic and
tumor suppressors to trigger the formation of an oncogene. However, most of these cases are
discovered after cancer enters stage three or four.
Objective:
Early detection of HCC through machine learning algorithm approach using data set:
DNA sequence of HBx HepB virus.
Methods:
The research method used is the development of a Support Vector Machine classifier
algorithm for carcinoma detection. The large data volume and unbalance data distribution in class
can decrease the accuracy rate and sensitivity. Therefore, this paper proposed a hybrid of
Hierarchical k-Means clustering and SVM algorithms to detect HCC disease using HBx DNA
sequences. In this method, the SVM algorithm was applied in each cluster using the Hierarchical k-
Means method.
Results:
The experimental result showed an accuracy rate of 97.18%, a sensitivity of 98.9%, and
AUC of 0.918. This means the performance was increased to 9.52%, 95.3%, and 0.4 above the
conventional SVM method.
Conclusion:
Detection of HCC can be applied using the SVM algorithm based on clustering. The
proposed method, by hybrid hierarchical k-Means and SVM, increased the performance of
classification results for the detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailil Muflikhah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy
- Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Solimun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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16
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Wargasetia TL, Ratnawati H, Widodo N, Widyananda MH. Bioinformatics Study of Sea Cucumber Peptides as Antibreast Cancer Through Inhibiting the Activity of Overexpressed Protein (EGFR, PI3K, AKT1, and CDK4). Cancer Inform 2021; 20:11769351211031864. [PMID: 34345161 PMCID: PMC8283226 DOI: 10.1177/11769351211031864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women globally. The overexpressed proteins, including EGFR, PI3K, AKT1, and CDK4, have a role in the growth of breast cancer cells. The 3D peptide structure of sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa was modeled and then docked with EGFR, PI3K, AKT1, and CDK4 proteins using AutoDock Vina software. The docking result, which has the best binding affinity value, is continued with molecular dynamics simulation. The docking results showed that all peptides bind to the active sites of the four proteins. WPPNYQW and YDWRF peptides bind to proteins with lower binding affinity values than positive controls. The four proteins were in a stable state when complexed with the WPPNYQW peptide, which was seen from the RMSD and RMSF value. PI3K-YDWRF and AKT1-YDWRF complexes are stable, characterized by high RMSD values and increased volatility in several amino acids. WPPNYQW peptide has high potential as an antibreast cancer agent because it binds to the active sites of the four proteins with low binding affinity values and stable interactions. Meanwhile, the YDWRF peptide interacts with the four proteins with low binding affinity values, but the interaction is only stable on PI3K and AKT1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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17
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Rachmawati E, Sargowo D, Rohman MS, Widodo N, Kalsum U. miR-155-5p predictive role to decelerate foam cell atherosclerosis through CD36, VAV3, and SOCS1 pathway. Noncoding RNA Res 2021; 6:59-69. [PMID: 33869908 PMCID: PMC8027696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that play a significant role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis through post-transcriptional regulation. In the present work, a bioinformatic analysis using TargetScan and miRdB databases was performed to identify the miRNAs targeting three genes involved in foam cell atherosclerosis (CD36, Vav3, and SOCS1). A total number of three hundred and sixty-seven miRNAs were recognized and only miR-155-5p was selected for further evaluation based on Venn analysis. Another objective of this study was to evaluate the biological process and regulatory network of miR-155-5p associated with foam cell atherosclerosis using DIANA, DAVID, Cytoscape, and STRING tools. Additionally, the comprehensive literature review was performed to prove the miR-155-5p function in foam cell atherosclerosis. miR-155-5p might be related with ox-LDL uptake and endocytosis in macrophage cell by targeting CD36 and Vav3 genes which was showed from the KEGG pathways hsa04979, hsa04666, hsa04145 H, hsa04810, and GO:0099632, GO:0060100, GO:0010743, GO:001745. Furthermore, miR-155-5p was also predicted to increase the cholesterol efflux from macrophage by inhibit SOCS1 expression based on KEGG pathway hsa04120. Eleven original studies were included in the review and strongly suggest the role of miR-155-5p in foam cell atherosclerosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermin Rachmawati
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
| | - Djanggan Sargowo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - M. Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Umi Kalsum
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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18
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells have a variety of functions such as the control of blood coagulation, vascular permeability, and tone regulation, as well as quiesce of immune cells. Endothelial dysfunction is a cardiovascular events predictor, which is considered the initial stage in atherosclerosis development. It is characterized by alterations in endothelium functions due to imbalanced vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, procoagulant and anticoagulant mediators, as well as growth inhibitor and promotor substances. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the primary polyphenol in coffee and some fruits. It has many health-promoting properties, especially in the cardiovascular system. Many studies investigated the efficacy and mechanism of this compound in vascular health. CGA has several vascular benefits such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-hypertensive. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of CGA in vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifetika Lukitasari
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Adi Nugroho
- Department of Herbal Medicine, Cardiovascular research group, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
| | - Nur Ida Panca Nugrahini
- Department Agricultural Product Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, East java, +62, Indonesia
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19
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Kholilah T, Widodo N, Kurniawan N. in silico Study Reveals Potential Docking Sites of δ 2-isoxazolines derivates for Inhibiting Russell’s Viper PLA2 Toxin. J Trop Life Science 2021. [DOI: 10.11594/jtls.11.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom phospholipase A2s (svPLA2s) has been known as the most abundant component and predominant cause of Russell’s viper envenomation. Limitation to serum therapy and considerable pharmacological interest led the researcher to synthesized multi-toxic PLA2 inhibitors, δ2-isoxazolines derivate. Although δ2- isoxazolines derivate already proved inhibitor activity in Group II svPLA2 with known IC50, their mechanism of action remains unveiled. Our recent study investigated their inhibitory activity via molecular docking. The virtual screening revealed that the ligand with diverse structures tied to the relatively same active site region. The result sheds light on the significance of His48 and Asp49 as part of the pro-inflammatory eliciting region. ADME analysis was also performed to filter and identify the best potential inhibitor acceptable for human use. This moiety leads to finding a better therapeutic strategy of svPLA2 inhibitors both as an alternative to serum anti-venom treatment.
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20
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Adharini WI, Nilamsari RV, Lestari ND, Widodo N, Rifa'i M. Immunomodulatory Effects of Formulation of Channa micropeltes and Moringa oleifera through Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Regulation in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Pharm Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Isnia Adharini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Ruri Vivian Nilamsari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Noviana Dwi Lestari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
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21
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Lukitasari M, Nugroho DA, Rohman MS, Widodo N, Farmawati A, Hastuti P. Beneficial effects of green coffee and green tea extract combination on metabolic syndrome improvement by affecting AMPK and PPAR-α gene expression. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2020; 11:81-85. [PMID: 32587821 PMCID: PMC7305783 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_116_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of green coffee and green tea extract on metabolic syndrome. To explore green coffee and green tea extract combination effect on metabolic profile and blood pressure improvement through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) gene expression modulation. Experimental laboratory research with pre- and post-control group design. Twenty-five metabolic syndrome rats model were grouped into five groups (n = 5): standard control (normal), metabolic syndrome (SM), green coffee extract (GC), green tea extract (GT), and combination green coffee and green tea extract (CM). The extract was given during 9 weeks. Serum glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and systolic blood pressure level were analyzed before and after the extract administration. At the end of the study, PPAR-α and AMPK-α2 gene were analyzed. Independent t-test. CM group had significantly higher PPAR-α, and AMPK-α2 gene expression compared to those of SM, GC, and GT group. Green coffee and green tea extract combination administration improved metabolic profile and blood pressure on metabolic syndrome through affecting PPAR-α and AMPK-α2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifetika Lukitasari
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Adi Nugroho
- Departement of Herbal Medicine, Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Departement of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Departement of Biology Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Arta Farmawati
- Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pramudji Hastuti
- Departement of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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22
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Amalia R, Mintaroem K, Enggar Fitri L, Widodo N, Sujuti H. The Effect of C680T GPR43 Gene Variations to Its Interaction with Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. RJLS 2019. [DOI: 10.21776/ub.rjls.2019.006.01.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Wargasetia TL, Permana S, Widodo N. Potential use of compounds from sea cucumbers as MDM2 and CXCR4 inhibitors to control cancer cell growth. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2985-2991. [PMID: 30250516 PMCID: PMC6144067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ineffectiveness of cancer therapy may originate in the incompatibility of the treatment with various mutations in the cancer cells. Finding novel anticancer treatments that work efficiently for varying types of cancer cells remains challenging. Previous studies have identified that compounds in sea cucumbers are capable of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. However, information on the underlying mechanisms controlling cancer cell growth at a molecular level remains limited. The current study analyzed the potential of colochiroside A, ds-echinoside A, philinopside E, sphingosine and stichoposide C as inhibitors for anticancer target proteins, including mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Inhibition of MDM2 triggers apoptosis through regulation of tumor protein 53 and CXCR4 inhibition may prevent cancer cell proliferation and growth by affecting the Janus kinase 2/3 signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway and protein tyrosine kinase 2. The results of a binding affinity analysis using molecular docking revealed that philinopside E and ds-echinoside A may inhibit MDM2 and CXCR4. The data suggested that these active compounds may be promising inhibitors of cell growth by binding to two targets simultaneously. Furthermore, stichoposide C and colochiroside A were predicted to inhibit CXCR4. Additional research is needed to validate the in vitro activity of the aforementioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofy Permana
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
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Wargasetia T, Widodo N. PO-408 Methanol extract of holothuria scabra inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in T47D breast cancer cells. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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25
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Abdul Manan FM, Attan N, Widodo N, Aboul-Enein HY, Wahab RA. Rhizomucor miehei lipase immobilized on reinforced chitosan–chitin nanowhiskers support for synthesis of eugenyl benzoate. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:92-102. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1405021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Myra Abdul Manan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Nursyafreena Attan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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Lukitasari M, Nugroho DA, Widodo N. Chlorogenic Acid: The Conceivable Chemosensitizer Leading to Cancer Growth Suppression. J Evid Based Integr Med 2018; 23:2515690X18789628. [PMID: 30051721 PMCID: PMC6073821 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x18789628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New paradigm in cancer pathogenesis revealed that microenvironmental conditions significantly contribute to cancer. Hence, Warburg stated that cancer is a metabolic disease. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a polyphenol that is found abundantly in coffee. This compound has proven ability in ameliorating some metabolic diseases through various pathways. This article will elaborate the potency of CGA as a chemosensitizer in suppressing tumor growth through a metabolic pathway. AMPK pathway is the main cell metabolic pathway that is activated by CGA in some studies. Moreover, CGA inhibited EGFR/PI3K/mTOR, HIF, VEGF pathways and MAPK/ERK pathway that may suppress tumor cell growth. Furthermore, CGA induced intracellular DNA damage and topoisomerase I- and II-DNA complexes formation that plays a key role in apoptosis. Conclusively, based on the ability of CGA in activate and inhibit some important pathways in cancer metabolism, it may act as a chemosensitizing agent leading to cancer growth suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifetika Lukitasari
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Adi Nugroho
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Brawijaya Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Putri JF, Widodo N, Sakamoto K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Induction of senescence in cancer cells by 5′-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine: Bioinformatics and experimental insights to its targets. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 70:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wadhwa R, Priyandoko D, Gao R, Widodo N, Nigam N, Li L, Ahn HM, Yun CO, Ando N, Mahe C, Kaul SC. Stress chaperone mortalin regulates human melanogenesis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:631-44. [PMID: 27056733 PMCID: PMC4907994 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify the cellular factors involved in human melanogenesis, we carried out shRNA-mediated loss-of-function screening in conjunction with induction of melanogenesis by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) in human melanoma cells using biochemical and visual assays. Gene targets of the shRNAs (that caused loss of OAG-induced melanogenesis) and their pathways, as determined by bioinformatics, revealed involvement of proteins that regulate cell stress response, mitochondrial functions, proliferation, and apoptosis. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the mitochondrial stress chaperone mortalin is crucial for melanogenesis. Upregulation of mortalin was closely associated with melanogenesis in in vitro cell-based assays and clinical samples of keloids with hyperpigmentation. Furthermore, its knockdown resulted in compromised melanogenesis. The data proposed mortalin as an important protein that may be targeted to manipulate pigmentation for cosmetic and related disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Didik Priyandoko
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ran Gao
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nashi Widodo
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nupur Nigam
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Ling Li
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hyo Min Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Nobuhiro Ando
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Mahe
- KK Chanel Research and Technology Development Laboratory, 1-1-5, Yamate, Funabashi-Chiba, 273-0045, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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Inayah A, Rahayu S, Widodo N, Prasdini WA. A new nucleotide variant G1358A potentially change growth differentiation factor 9 profile that may affect the reproduction performance of Friesian Holstein cattle. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Na Y, Kaul SC, Ryu J, Lee JS, Ahn HM, Kaul Z, Kalra RS, Li L, Widodo N, Yun CO, Wadhwa R. Stress Chaperone Mortalin Contributes to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2754-2765. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fatchiyah F, Hardiyanti F, Widodo N. Selective Inhibition on RAGE-binding AGEs Required by Bioactive Peptide Alpha-S2 Case in Protein from Goat Ethawah Breed Milk: Study of Biological Modeling. Acta Inform Med 2015; 23:90-6. [PMID: 26005274 PMCID: PMC4429993 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2015.23.90-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) play a pivotal role in the development various degenerative diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Different studies have been done to employ AGEs as drug targets for the diseases therapy. In previous study, we have found bioactive peptide from Ethawah goat milk for anti-diabetic that may work through inhibition of AGE receptor function. However, the mechanism of bioactive peptides inhibits AGE- AGE receptor (RAGE) bonding still not clear yet. Therefore we investigated the inhibition mechanism by calculate the potential energy binding among the peptides, AGEs and RAGE using molecular docking system. Methods: Modeling 3D-structure was predicted by SWISS-MODEL web server. The virtual interaction was analyzed by docking system using HEX 8.0, Pymol and Discovery Studio 4.0 software. Results: this study showed that AGEs (Argypirimidine, Imidazole, Pentosidine and Pyrraline) bind to C-domain of RAGE. The total energy binding of RAGE with Argypirimidine, Imidazole, Pentosidine and Pyrraline were 378.35kJ/mol, -74.57kJ/mol, -301.25kJ/mol and -400.72kJ/mol, respectively. We have found three peptides among eight peptides from Ethawah goat milk, which are able bind to C-domain of RAGE, there are CSN1S2 f41-47, CSN1S2 f182-189, and CSN1S2 f214-221. The CSN1S22 f41-47 at arginine residue 47 interacts with proline162, leusine163 and leusine158 of RAGE. The total binding energy between CSN1S2 f41-47, CSN1S2 f182-189, and CSN1S2 f214-221 with RAGE were -378.35 kJ/mol, -359.97kJ/mol, -356.78 kJ/mol, respectively. Total binding energy and binding pattern indicated that RAGE more prefer bind with peptide and block AGE bind to functional site of RAGE. Further analysis showed that complex peptide-RAGE shifted binding site of AGE on function domain RAGE. Conclusion: This study suggested that the peptides from Ethawah goat milk may act as an inhibitor of AGEs-RAGE interaction that impaired signal transduction cascade at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatchiyah Fatchiyah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferlany Hardiyanti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang, 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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Rifa'i M, Widodo N. Significance of propolis administration for homeostasis of CD4(+)CD25(+) immunoregulatory T cells controlling hyperglycemia. Springerplus 2014; 3:526. [PMID: 25279317 PMCID: PMC4179640 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of ethanolic soluble derivative of propolis (EEP) extract on immunological function in diabetic mouse models with the aim of highlighting the role of regulatory T cell, the change of cell surface molecule, and in vivo productions of IFN-γ. Murine models of diabetes mellitus (DM) were created by injecting normal mice with S961 peptide. Normal BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with peptide S961 300 mg/kg body weight (BW) twice a day for eight days. On day 15, the spleen was isolated; then, cell surface molecules and regulatory T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The histopathological changes were monitored in the liver of treated and control mice. Afterward, we tested the ability of propolis as an immunomodulator that initiate normality metabolism and homeostasis. The propolis decreased blood sugar levels and increased the number of naïve T cells expressing CD62L molecule by suppressing the development of effector cells in diabetic mice. However, the propolis stimulated development of effector cells, which was indicated by increasing the number of CD4+CD25+ T cells in normal mice. Moreover, the propolis increased the production of IFN-γ in normal mice, whereas in mouse models of diabetes mellitus propolis tends to suppress the production of IFN-γ. The histological analysis of the liver shows that at a dose of 50–200 mg/kg BW propolis does not show a toxic effect so that the dose is categorized safe. Therefore, the ethanolic soluble derivative of propolis (EEP) extract warrant for further exploited as an antidiabetic agent that safe for human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang, 65145 Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran, Malang, 65145 Indonesia
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Susianti H, Handono K, Purnomo BB, Widodo N, Gunawan A, Kalim H. Changes to signal peptide and the level of transforming growth factor- β1 due to T869C polymorphism of TGF β1 associated with lupus renal fibrosis. Springerplus 2014; 3:514. [PMID: 25279306 PMCID: PMC4179638 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a serious manifestation of lupus that can lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Fibrosis is the main feature of ESRD, and it is likely influenced by Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 (TGFβ1). The T869C gene polymorphism of TGFβ1 is assumed to change the signal peptide, that has potential to interfere the urine production and renal protein expression of TGFβ1. The influence of T869C gene polymorphism on TGFβ1 production and renal fibrosis was evaluated in this study. Subjects were 45 patients LN with renal fibrosis and 45 participants without renal fibrosis as control, that were recruited from 2011 to 2013.Their urinary TGFβ1 levels and TGFβ1 gene polymorphisms were examined. All lupus patients underwent renal biopsy to assess their protein expression of TGFβ1 in the renal tissue by immunohistochemistry and their renal fibrosis by morphometry and chronicity index. Changes in the signal peptide interaction with Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and translocon of endoplasmic reticulum were analyzed by Bioinformatics. Levels of urinary and protein expression of TGFβ1 increased in the LN with renal fibrosis group. There were significant differences in levels of urinary TGFβ1 in T, C allele and TT, TC, CC genotypes between case and control groups. Furthermore, patients with C allele are 3.86 times more at risk of renal fibrosis than T allele. The C allele encodes proline, which stabilizes the interaction of the TGFβ1 signal peptide with SRP and translocon, resulting in elevation of TGFβ1 secretion. Our results indicated that T869C gene polymorphism of TGFβ1 changes the signal peptide, that contributes to the production of urinary TGFβ1 and affects renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Susianti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Kusworini Handono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Basuki B Purnomo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Atma Gunawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Handono Kalim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
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Lukitasari M, Putri JF, Choiriyah M, Rohman MS, Widodo N. Genetic Variant of C-5312T Can Change Binding Pattern of Sp1 to Renin Enhancer that are Very Likely to Affect Renin Gene Expression. Bioinformation 2014; 9:1010-2. [PMID: 24497727 PMCID: PMC3910356 DOI: 10.6026/97320630091010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin distal enhancer plays a pivotal role in renin gene expression, and the genetic variants C-5312T of renin enhancer can affect renin gene transcription level. However, the mechanism associated with the transcription level changes remains unknown. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the possible role of distal enhancer in regulating the expression of renin gene. Single nucleotide polymorphism in renin distal enhancer was identified in 34 hypertensive patients by automatic sequencing. The data showed that the renin enhancer from the patients have genetic variants C-5312T or C-5312T SNP. Hence, the functionality of the renin enhancer and influence of the genetic variants C-5312T on binding to Sp1 is studied. These results from the binding study suggested that Sp1 binds to the DNA in GC rich region. Thus, the genetic variant C-5312T has changed the binding pattern of Sp1 to renin enhancer. This is likely to influence Sp1 activity to stimulate the expression of renin gene. The binding of Sp1 to the cis-element will enhance transcription of renin gene. Thus, polymorphism within C-5312T might contribute to the reduction of renin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mifetika Lukitasari
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Jayarani F Putri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Muladefi Choiriyah
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Saifur Rohman
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University-Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Gao R, Yu Y, Inoue A, Widodo N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) promotes tumor metastasis by induction of genes involved in extracellular matrix, cell movement, and angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15046-56. [PMID: 23564449 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.466136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and still awaits effective therapies. Rapid industrialization has contributed to increase in incidence of cancer. One of the reasons why most of the cancers fail therapy is due to their metastatic property. Hence identification of factors leading to metastasis is highly important to design effective and novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In our earlier study (Inoue, A., Sawata, S. Y., Taira, K., and Wadhwa, R. (2007) Loss-of-function screening by randomized intracellular antibodies: identification of hnRNP-K as a potential target for metastasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 8983-8988), we had reported that the involvement of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) in metastasis. Here, we established hnRNP-K-overexpressing and -underexpressing derivative cell lines and examined their proliferation and metastatic properties in vitro and in vivo. Whereas hnRNP-K compromised cells showed delayed tumor growth, its overexpression resulted in enhanced malignancy and metastasis. Molecular basis of the hnRNP-K induced malignant and metastatic phenotypes was dissected by cDNA microarray and pathway analyses. We found that the hnRNP-K regulates extracellular matrix, cell motility, and angiogenesis pathways. Involvement of the selected genes (Cck, Mmp-3, Ptgs2, and Ctgf) and pathways was validated by gene-specific expression analysis. Our results demonstrated that the hnRNP-K is a potential target for metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Gao
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City 305-8562, Japan
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Mahrus, Sumitro SB, Utomo DH, Sartimbul A, Toha AH, Widodo N. Genetic relationship of Sardinella lemuru from lombok strait with fish rich in omega-3 fatty acid. Bioinformation 2012; 8:1271-6. [PMID: 23275733 PMCID: PMC3532013 DOI: 10.6026/97320630081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lombok Strait has abundance of Sardine, Sardinella lemuru, which contains such high amount of omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3).
However, the genetic relationship of S. lemuru with other commercial fish rich in omega-3 has not been widely studied yet. Studies
on genetic proximity of S. lemuru with the other marine fish using 12S rRNA gene is very important in order to obtain genetic
information of the Sardine to develop an appropriate strategy for future conservation of the fish in Lombok Strait. The aim of this
study was to find out the genetic relationship of Sardinella lemuru living in Lombok Strait with the economically valuable fish and
its correlation with omega-3 production. Sardinella lemuru were collected from Lombok Strait, the phylogenetic tree was done based
on 12S rRNA gene through a neighbor-joining method to identify the relationship of Sardines and fish rich in omega-3 fatty acid.
The phylogenetic tree showed that Sardinella lemuru is similar to Sardinella aurita and has a close similarity with Sardinella
maderensis. However, the relationship did not correspond to omega-3 production. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested
that the production of omega-3 is not specifically based on the proximity of the species, but it is more associated with conserved
domain of Δ6-desaturase. Nevertheless, detailed mechanisms still need to be elucidated.
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Sitompul LS, Widodo N, Djati MS, Utomo DH. Epitope mapping of gp350/220 conserved domain of epstein barr virus to develop nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) vaccine. Bioinformation 2012; 8:479-82. [PMID: 22715303 PMCID: PMC3374359 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells that caused by many factors, one of which is the viral infection of EBV (Epstein Barr Virus). The standard treatments to cure NPC still have not been encouraging. The prevention through vaccination is an effective way to stop the disease. However, EBV vaccine being able to cover all variants of virus is still not available yet. Therefore, we identified the conserved region of glycoprotein 350/220 of EBV which has immunogenic and antigenic properties. The glycoprotein 350/220 is viral surface protein responsible to bind CR2 receptor, mediated EBV to enter the host cell. The conserved domain is crucial for EBV in infecting host cells. Further, by blocking CR2 binding domain of gp350/220 using antibody will inhibit EBV's spreading, and provoke an immune system to eliminate the virus in a patient. Glycoprotein 350/220 from all variants of Epstein-Barr virus was retrieved from NCBI. The conserved domain of gp350/220 was identified by aligning the protein sequences and structures. The polymorphic structure was used as a template for docking analysis to identify the resemblance of amino acid from polymorphic variants of gp350/220 that binds CR2. The epitope mapping of gp350/220 was done by Discotope BepiPred method. The result revealed that the conserved region of gp350/220 was predicted to have an epitope, QNPVYLIPETVPYIKWDNC residue, and it does not have any similarities to the human's cell surface protein. Therefore, it can be used as a reference to develop vaccine to prevent NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loly Sabrina Sitompul
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Academy of Health Analyst, Jayapura University of Science and Technology, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - M Sasmito Djati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Didik H Utomo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Utomo DH, Widodo N, Rifa'i M. Identifications small molecules inhibitor of p53-mortalin complex for cancer drug using virtual screening. Bioinformation 2012; 8:426-9. [PMID: 22715313 PMCID: PMC3374373 DOI: 10.6026/97320630008426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin was over expressed in tumor cells and bind to p53 protein. This interaction was suggested to promote sequestration of
p53 in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its nuclear activity. The p53 is a tumor suppressor that is essential for the prevention of
cancer development and loss of p53 function is one of the early events in immortalization of human cells. Therefore, abrogation
p53-mortalin interaction using small molecule is guaranteed stop cancer cell grow. However study interaction of p53-mortalin, and
its inhibition using small molecule is still challenging because specific site of mortalin that bind to p53, vice versa, is still debatable.
This study has aims to analyze the p53-binding site of mortalin using molecular docking and to screen drug-like compounds that
have potential as inhibitors of p53-mortalin interaction using virtual screening. The result showed that the lowest energy binding of
p53-mortalin complex is -31.89 kcal/mol, and p53 protein bind to substrate binding domain of mortalin (THR433; VAL435;
LEU436; LEU437; PRO442; ILE558; LYS555). Furthermore, the p53-binding domain of mortalin was used as receptor to screen 9000
drug-like compounds from ZINC database using molecular docking program Auto Dock Vina in PyRx 0.8 (Virtual Screening
Tools). Here, we have identified three drug-like compounds that are ZINC01019934, ZINC00624418 and ZINC00664532 adequate to
interrupt stability of p53-mortalin complex that warrant for anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didik H Utomo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Grover A, Priyandoko D, Gao R, Shandilya A, Widodo N, Bisaria VS, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Sundar D. Withanone binds to mortalin and abrogates mortalin-p53 complex: computational and experimental evidence. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 44:496-504. [PMID: 22155302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mortalin binds to p53 tumor suppressor protein and sequesters it in the cytoplasm. This results in an inhibition of the transcriptional activation and control of centrosome duplication functions of p53, thus contributing to human carcinogenesis. Abrogation of mortalin-p53 interaction and reactivation of p53 function could be a valid proposition for cancer therapy. In the present study, we first investigated in silico the interaction of withanone, a withanolide with anticancer activity, with mortalin. We found that withanone could bind to mortalin in a region, earlier predicted critical for binding to p53. Cationic rhodacyanine dye, MKT-077 has also shown to bind the same region and kill cancer cells selectively. We report the molecular dynamic simulations revealing the thermodynamic and structural stability of the withanone-mortalin complexes. We also demonstrate the experimental evidence of abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex by withanone resulting in nuclear translocation and functional reactivation of p53 in human cancer cells. The present study establishes a molecular interaction basis that could be used for screening and development of anticancer drugs with low toxicity to normal cells. Accurate knowledge of the 3D structure of mortalin would further enhance the potential of such analyses to understand the molecular basis of mortalin biology and mortalin based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Grover
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Widodo N, Priyandoko D, Shah N, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC. Selective killing of cancer cells by Ashwagandha leaf extract and its component Withanone involves ROS signaling. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13536. [PMID: 20975835 PMCID: PMC2958829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ashwagandha is a popular Ayurvedic herb used in Indian traditional home medicine. It has been assigned a variety of health-promoting effects of which the mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported the selective killing of cancer cells by leaf extract of Ashwagandha (i-Extract) and its purified component Withanone. In the present study, we investigated its mechanism by loss-of-function screening (abrogation of i-Extract induced cancer cell killing) of the cellular targets and gene pathways. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Randomized ribozyme library was introduced into cancer cells prior to the treatment with i-Extract. Ribozymes were recovered from cells that survived the i-Extract treatment. Gene targets of the selected ribozymes (as predicted by database search) were analyzed by bioinformatics and pathway analyses. The targets were validated for their role in i-Extract induced selective killing of cancer cells by biochemical and molecular assays. Fifteen gene-targets were identified and were investigated for their role in specific cancer cell killing activity of i-Extract and its two major components (Withaferin A and Withanone) by undertaking the shRNA-mediated gene silencing approach. Bioinformatics on the selected gene-targets revealed the involvement of p53, apoptosis and insulin/IGF signaling pathways linked to the ROS signaling. We examined the involvement of ROS-signaling components (ROS levels, DNA damage, mitochondrial structure and membrane potential) and demonstrate that the selective killing of cancer cells is mediated by induction of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Ashwagandha leaf extract and Withanone cause selective killing of cancer cells by induction of ROS-signaling and hence are potential reagents that could be recruited for ROS-mediated cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashi Widodo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Didik Priyandoko
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Navjot Shah
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (SCK); (RW)
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (SCK); (RW)
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Widodo N, Shah N, Priyandoko D, Ishii T, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Deceleration of Senescence in Normal Human Fibroblasts by Withanone Extracted From Ashwagandha Leaves. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1031-8. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cheung CTY, Hasan MK, Widodo N, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. CARF: an emerging regulator of p53 tumor suppressor and senescence pathway. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 130:18-23. [PMID: 18555516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Replicative senescence, a major outcome of normal cells with finite lifespan, is a widely accepted in vitro model for ageing studies. Limited repair and defense mechanisms of normal cells, in addition to DNA alterations and oncogene inductions under stress, are believed to result in senescence as a protective mechanism to prevent undesirable proliferation of cells. The ARF/p53/p21(cip1/waf1) tumor suppression pathway acts as a molecular sensor and regulator of cellular stress, senescence, and immortalization. Understanding the molecular regulation of this pathway by intrinsic and extrinsic signals is extremely important to address unsolved questions in senescence and cancer. CARF was first discovered as a binding partner of ARF and has since been shown to have both ARF-dependent and -independent functions that converge to regulate p53 pathway. CARF directly binds to p53 and HDM2, and functions in a negative feedback pathway. Whereas CARF transcriptionally represses HDM2 to increase p53 activity, HDM2 in return degrades CARF. Thus, CARF may act as a novel key regulator of the p53 pathway at multiple checkpoints. The aim of this article is to discuss the current knowledge about functions of CARF and its impact on p53 pathway in regulation of senescence and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline T Y Cheung
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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Deocaris CC, Widodo N, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC. Merger of ayurveda and tissue culture-based functional genomics: inspirations from systems biology. J Transl Med 2008; 6:14. [PMID: 18348714 PMCID: PMC2311278 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda is one of the ancient systems of health care of Indian origin. Roughly translated into "Knowledge of life", it is based on the use of natural herbs and herb products for therapeutic measures to boost physical, mental, social and spiritual harmony and improve quality of life. Although sheltered with long history and high trust, ayurveda principles have not entered laboratories and only a handful of studies have identified pure components and molecular pathways for its life-enhancing effects. In the post-genomic era, genome-wide functional screenings for targets for diseases is the most recent and practical approach. We illustrate here the merger of ayurveda and functional genomics in a systems biology scenario that reveals the pathway analysis of crude and active components and inspire ayurveda practice for health benefits, disease prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custer C Deocaris
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
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Deocaris CC, Widodo N, Ishii T, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Functional significance of minor structural and expression changes in stress chaperone mortalin. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1119:165-75. [PMID: 18056964 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1404.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mortalin is one of the highly conserved heat-shock chaperones. Some of the established features of mortalin include its various subcellular localizations, multiple binding partners, and differential subcellular distribution in normal and immortal cells. It inhibits nuclear translocation, transcriptional activation, and control of centrosome-duplication functions of p53. It also functions as an adaptive protein in a variety of stress-response mechanisms and contributes to human carcinogenesis. Interestingly, minor alterations in its structure and level of expression may lead to drastic biological consequences (for example, Myelodysplastic syndrome and old age pathologies, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). Besides being validated as a reliable target for cancer therapy, mortalin also warrants attention from the perspectives of management of old-age diseases and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custer C Deocaris
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Widodo N, Kaur K, Shrestha BG, Takagi Y, Ishii T, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC. Selective killing of cancer cells by leaf extract of Ashwagandha: identification of a tumor-inhibitory factor and the first molecular insights to its effect. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2298-306. [PMID: 17404115 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ashwagandha is regarded as a wonder shrub of India and is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine and health tonics that claim its variety of health-promoting effects. Surprisingly, these claims are not well supported by adequate studies, and the molecular mechanisms of its action remain largely unexplored to date. We undertook a study to identify and characterize the antitumor activity of the leaf extract of ashwagandha. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Selective tumor-inhibitory activity of the leaf extract (i-Extract) was identified by in vivo tumor formation assays in nude mice and by in vitro growth assays of normal and human transformed cells. To investigate the cellular targets of i-Extract, we adopted a gene silencing approach using a selected small hairpin RNA library and found that p53 is required for the killing activity of i-Extract. RESULTS By molecular analysis of p53 function in normal and a variety of tumor cells, we found that it is selectively activated in tumor cells, causing either their growth arrest or apoptosis. By fractionation, purification, and structural analysis of the i-Extract constituents, we have identified its p53-activating tumor-inhibiting factor as with a none. CONCLUSION We provide the first molecular evidence that the leaf extract of ashwagandha selectively kills tumor cells and, thus, is a natural source for safe anticancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashi Widodo
- Research Institute for Cell Engineering, GENE Therapeutics, Inc., National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi, Tsukuba, Japan
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Widodo N, Deocaris CC, Kaur K, Hasan K, Yaguchi T, Yamasaki K, Sugihara T, Ishii T, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC. Stress chaperones, mortalin, and pex19p mediate 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine-induced senescence of cancer cells by DNA methylation-independent pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:246-55. [PMID: 17389721 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA demethylating agents are used to reverse epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors in cancer therapeutics. Understanding of the molecular and cellular factors involved in DNA demethylation-induced gene desilencing and senescence is still limited. We have tested the involvement of two stress chaperones, Pex19p and mortalin, in 5-Aza-2' deoxycytidine (5AZA-dC; DNA demethylating agent)-induced senescence. We found that the cells overexpressing these chaperones were highly sensitive to 5AZA-dC, and their partial silencing eliminated 5AZA-dC-induced senescence in human osteosarcoma cells. We demonstrate that these chaperones modulate the demethylation and chromatin remodeling-dependent (as accessed by p16(INK4A) expression) and remodeling-independent (such as activation of tumor suppressor p53 pathway) senescence response of cells. Furthermore, we found the direct interactions of 5AZA-dC with these chaperones that may alter their functions. We conclude that both mortalin and Pex19p are important mediators, prognostic indicators, and tailoring tools for 5AZA-dC-induced senescence in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashi Widodo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Deocaris CC, Widodo N, Shrestha BG, Kaur K, Ohtaka M, Yamasaki K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Mortalin sensitizes human cancer cells to MKT-077-induced senescence. Cancer Lett 2007; 252:259-69. [PMID: 17306926 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mortalin is a chaperone protein that functions in many cellular processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis, intracellular trafficking, cell proliferation and signaling. Its upregulation in many human cancers makes it a candidate target for therapeutic intervention by small molecule drugs. In continuation to our earlier studies showing mortalin as a cellular target of MKT-077, a mitochondrion-seeking delocalized cationic dye that causes selective death of cancer cells, in this work, we report that MKT-077 binds to the nucleotide-binding domain of mortalin, causes tertiary structural changes in the protein, inactivates its chaperone function, and induces senescence in human tumor cell lines. Interestingly, in tumor cells with elevated level of mortalin expression, fairly low drug doses were sufficient to induce senescence. Guided by molecular screening for mortalin in tumor cells, our results led to the idea that working at low doses of the drug could be an alternative senescence-inducing cancer therapeutic strategy that could, in theory, avoid renal toxicities responsible for the abortion of MKT-077 clinical trials. Our work may likely translate to a re-appraisal of the therapeutic benefits of low doses of several classes of anti-tumor drugs, even of those that had been discontinued due to adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Custer C Deocaris
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8562, Japan
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Wadhwa R, Deocaris CC, Widodo N, Taira K, Kaul SC. Imminent approaches towards molecular interventions in ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:481-90. [PMID: 15722107 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 09/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is an innate feature of living organisms. Sensational progress in its molecular understanding in the last decade has culminated into a highly complex picture. Emerging from this complexity are the distinctive roles of some of the tumor suppressor pathways including p53 and pRB in maintenance of senescence phenotype, and telomere maintaining pathways in its escape. We discuss here the current scenario of molecular ageing and the use of modern approaches for its intervention in culture system, at least. Many of the tools we describe here are the newly emergent functional RNA tools that are proved to be fruitful in decoding the human genome. These post-genomic technologies will help us in the discovery of gene targets for interventions aiming to improve the quality at later years of life beyond their mere algebraic extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Wadhwa
- Gene Function Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Science City 305-8562, Japan
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Kaur K, Rani G, Widodo N, Nagpal A, Taira K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Evaluation of the anti-proliferative and anti-oxidative activities of leaf extract from in vivo and in vitro raised Ashwagandha. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:2015-20. [PMID: 15500938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is used in Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda and is believed to have a variety of health promoting effects. Molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying these effects have not been studied. We tried to characterize various activities of leaf extract of Ashwagandha (Lash) raised in the field and in the laboratory. We found that the Lash from field-raised plants has a significant anti-proliferative activity in human tumorigenic cells. However, it did not impart any protection against the oxidative damage caused by high glucose and hydrogen peroxide to human tumor cells suggesting that it can be used as an anti-tumor, but not as an anti-oxidant, substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kaur
- Cell Proliferation Research Team, Gene Function Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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