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Bauer NC, Yang A, Wang X, Zhou Y, Klibanski A, Soberman RJ. A cross-nearest neighbor/Monte Carlo algorithm for single-molecule localization microscopy defines interactions between p53, Mdm2, and MEG3. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100540. [PMID: 33722609 PMCID: PMC8038948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, such as MEG3, are defined by their interactions with other RNAs and proteins. These interactions, in turn, are shaped by their subcellular localization and temporal context. Therefore, it is important to be able to analyze the relationships of lncRNAs while preserving cellular architecture. The ability of MEG3 to suppress cell proliferation led to its recognition as a tumor suppressor. MEG3 has been proposed to activate p53 by disrupting the interaction of p53 with mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2). To test this mechanism in the native cellular context, we employed two-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, a single-molecule localization microscopy technique, to detect and quantify the localizations of p53, Mdm2, and MEG3 in U2OS cells. We developed a new cross-nearest neighbor/Monte Carlo algorithm to quantify the association of these molecules. Proof of concept for our method was obtained by examining the association between FKBP1A and mTOR, MEG3 and p53, and Mdm2 and p53. In contrast to previous models, our data support a model in which MEG3 modulates p53 independently of the interaction with Mdm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Bauer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anli Yang
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Roy J Soberman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States.
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Hou TC, Wu PS, Huang WY, Yang YT, Tan KT, Liu SH, Chen YJ, Chen SJ, Su YW. Over expression of CDK4 and MDM2 in a patient with recurrent ALK-negative mediastinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19577. [PMID: 32195970 PMCID: PMC7220190 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The diagnosis of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) remains challenging because of their morphological resemblance with spindle cell sarcoma with myofibroblastic characteristics. PATIENT CONCERNS A 69-year-old female patient presented with loco-regional recurrent IMT several times within 8 years after primary treatment and neck lymph node metastasis 3.5 years after last recurrence. DIAGNOSIS The primary, recurrence, and lymph node metastasis lesions were diagnosed as ALK-negative IMTs based on the histopathological features. INTERVENTIONS Biopsy samples were obtained during repeated surgeries and evaluated for genomic alterations during first and recurrent presentations. The evaluation was done using pathway-driven massive parallel sequencing, and genomic alterations between primary and recurrent tumors were compared. OUTCOMES Copy number gains and overexpression of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were observed in the primary lesion, and additional gene amplification of Discoidin Domain Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (DDR2), Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex II subunit C (SDHC), and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) Q720H were found in the recurrent tumors. Metastases to the neck lymph node were observed 3.5 years after recurrence. LESSONS Our results indicated genetic evolution in a microscopically benign condition and highlighted the importance of molecular characterization of fibro-inflammatory lesions of uncertain malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui Branch, New Taipei City
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying-Wen Su
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wargasetia TL, Permana S, Widodo N. Potential use of compounds from sea cucumbers as MDM2 and CXCR4 inhibitors to control cancer cell growth. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2985-2991. [PMID: 30250516 PMCID: PMC6144067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ineffectiveness of cancer therapy may originate in the incompatibility of the treatment with various mutations in the cancer cells. Finding novel anticancer treatments that work efficiently for varying types of cancer cells remains challenging. Previous studies have identified that compounds in sea cucumbers are capable of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. However, information on the underlying mechanisms controlling cancer cell growth at a molecular level remains limited. The current study analyzed the potential of colochiroside A, ds-echinoside A, philinopside E, sphingosine and stichoposide C as inhibitors for anticancer target proteins, including mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). Inhibition of MDM2 triggers apoptosis through regulation of tumor protein 53 and CXCR4 inhibition may prevent cancer cell proliferation and growth by affecting the Janus kinase 2/3 signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway and protein tyrosine kinase 2. The results of a binding affinity analysis using molecular docking revealed that philinopside E and ds-echinoside A may inhibit MDM2 and CXCR4. The data suggested that these active compounds may be promising inhibitors of cell growth by binding to two targets simultaneously. Furthermore, stichoposide C and colochiroside A were predicted to inhibit CXCR4. Additional research is needed to validate the in vitro activity of the aforementioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofy Permana
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Nashi Widodo
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
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Miyazaki M, Aoki M, Oba S, Sakata T, Nakagawa T, Nabeshima K. A rare case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the sinonasal cavity: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:539-542. [PMID: 29046788 PMCID: PMC5639279 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is an uncommon histopathological presentation of sinonasal tumors, comprising ~15% of all cases; liposarcoma is particularly uncommon. An analysis of the available medical literature revealed no prior reports of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) of the sinonasal cavity. This case report presents a rare case of DDLPS of the sinonasal cavity. A 40-year old six-week pregnant female was admitted with a left nasal obstruction. Endoscopic evaluation of the left nasal cavity revealed a polypoid lesion. A computed tomography scan indicated a mass invading the left nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoid sinus with focal destruction of the surrounding bone. A biopsy of the tumor was performed and hematoxylin and eosin staining of the tissue sections revealed proliferation of atypical and pleomorphic spindle cells with enlarged or elongated hyperchromatic nuclei and occasional vacuolated cytoplasm arranged in short interlacing fascicles or storiform structures, accompanied by tumor necrosis. These findings were consistent with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cyclin dependent kinase 4, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and adipophilin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed amplification of the MDM2 gene. Recently, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma without areas of well-differentiated liposarcoma but with MDM2 amplification is regarded as conventional DDLPS. In the present case, the tumor was diagnosed as a DDLPS due to the results of histopathological, immunohistochemical and FISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Satoru Oba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Sakata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Mizuno S, Ishizaki T, Kadowaki M, Akai M, Shiozaki K, Iguchi M, Oikawa T, Nakagawa K, Osanai K, Toga H, Gomez-Arroyo J, Kraskauskas D, Cool CD, Bogaard HJ, Voelkel NF. p53 Signaling Pathway Polymorphisms Associated With Emphysematous Changes in Patients With COPD. Chest 2017; 152:58-69. [PMID: 28315337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p53 signaling pathway may be important for the pathogenesis of emphysematous changes in the lungs of smokers. Polymorphism of p53 at codon 72 is known to affect apoptotic effector proteins, and the polymorphism of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)309 is known to increase MDM2 expression. The aim of this study was to assess polymorphisms of the p53 and MDM2 genes in smokers and confirm the role of SNPs in these genes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. METHODS This study included 365 patients with a smoking history, and the polymorphisms of p53 and MDM2 genes were identified. The degree of pulmonary emphysema was determined by means of CT scanning. SNPs, MDM2 mRNA, and p53 protein levels were assessed in human lung tissues from smokers. Plasmids encoding p53 and MDM2 SNPs were used to transfect human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) with or without cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and the effects on cell proliferation and MDM2 promoter activity were measured. RESULTS The polymorphisms of the p53 and MDM2 genes were associated with emphysematous changes in the lung and were also associated with p53 protein and MDM2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue samples. Transfection with a p53 gene-coding plasmid regulated HLF proliferation, and the analysis of P2 promoter activity in MDM2 SNP309-coding HLFs showed the promoter activity was altered by CSE. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that p53 and MDM2 gene polymorphisms are associated with apoptotic signaling and smoking-related emphysematous changes in lungs from smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Ishizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Kadowaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Akai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kohei Shiozaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaharu Iguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taku Oikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ken Nakagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Osanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Toga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Donatas Kraskauskas
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Carlyne D Cool
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Lung Tissue Repository Consortium Repository, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Norbert F Voelkel
- Victoria Johnson Center for Obstructive Lung Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Chen B, Longtine MS, Nelson DM. Punicalagin, a polyphenol in pomegranate juice, downregulates p53 and attenuates hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cultured human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1274-80. [PMID: 24085032 PMCID: PMC3840214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00218.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with placental dysfunction and suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. Therapeutic interventions to limit placental injury from oxidative stress are lacking. Punicalagin is an ellagitannin and a potent antioxidant in pomegranate juice. We showed that both pomegranate juice and punicalagin decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured syncytiotrophoblasts. p53 is involved in the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in trophoblasts. We now test the hypothesis that punicalagin limits trophoblast injury in vitro by regulating the levels of p53. We examined the expression of p53, mouse double minute 2 homolog, p21, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α, and selected members of the B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family of proteins in cultured syncytiotrophoblasts exposed to ≤1% oxygen in the absence or presence of punicalagin. We found that punicalagin attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis in syncytiotrophoblasts, as quantified by levels of cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase. This protective effect was in part mediated by reduced p53 activity shown by decreased expression of p21, lower HIF1α expression, and limited activity of caspases 9 and 3. There was no change in expression of proteins in the BCL2 family, which are also important in apoptosis. The data support a role for downregulation of p53 in the protection of human trophoblasts by punicalagin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Zerenturk EJ, Sharpe LJ, Ikonen E, Brown AJ. Desmosterol and DHCR24: unexpected new directions for a terminal step in cholesterol synthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:666-80. [PMID: 24095826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
3β-Hydroxysterol Δ(24)-reductase (DHCR24) catalyzes the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol. This ultimate step of cholesterol biosynthesis appears to be remarkable in its diverse functions and the number of diseases it is implicated in from vascular disease to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to cancer to Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the present knowledge on the DHCR24 gene, sterol Δ(24)-reductase protein and the regulation of both. In addition, the functions of desmosterol, DHCR24 and their roles in human diseases are discussed. It is apparent that DHCR24 exerts more complex effects than what would be expected based on the enzymatic activity of sterol Δ(24)-reduction alone, such as its influence in modulating oxidative stress. Increasing information about DHCR24 membrane association, processing, enzymatic regulation and interaction partners will provide further fundamental insights into DHCR24 and its many and varied biological roles.
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Frau M, Feo F, Pascale RM. Pleiotropic effects of methionine adenosyltransferases deregulation as determinants of liver cancer progression and prognosis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:830-41. [PMID: 23665184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of liver-specific MAT1A gene, encoding S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesizing isozymes MATI/III, and upregulation of widely expressed MAT2A, encoding MATII isozyme, known as MAT1A:MAT2A switch, occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Being inhibited by its reaction product, MATII isoform upregulation cannot compensate for MATI/III decrease. Therefore, MAT1A:MAT2A switch contributes to decrease in SAM level in rodent and human hepatocarcinogenesis. SAM administration to carcinogen-treated rats prevents hepatocarcinogenesis, whereas MAT1A-KO mice, characterized by chronic SAM deficiency, exhibit macrovesicular steatosis, mononuclear cell infiltration in periportal areas, and HCC development. This review focuses upon the pleiotropic changes, induced by MAT1A/MAT2A switch, associated with HCC development. Epigenetic control of MATs expression occurs at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In HCC cells, MAT1A/MAT2A switch is associated with global DNA hypomethylation, decrease in DNA repair, genomic instability, and signaling deregulation including c-MYC overexpression, rise in polyamine synthesis, upregulation of RAS/ERK, IKK/NF-kB, PI3K/AKT, and LKB1/AMPK axis. Furthermore, decrease in MAT1A expression and SAM levels results in increased HCC cell proliferation, cell survival, and microvascularization. All of these changes are reversed by SAM treatment in vivo or forced MAT1A overexpression or MAT2A inhibition in cultured HCC cells. In human HCC, MAT1A:MAT2A and MATI/III:MATII ratios correlate negatively with cell proliferation and genomic instability, and positively with apoptosis and global DNA methylation. This suggests that SAM decrease and MATs deregulation represent potential therapeutic targets for HCC. Finally, MATI/III:MATII ratio strongly predicts patients' survival length suggesting that MAT1A:MAT2A expression ratio is a putative prognostic marker for human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Frau
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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