151
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Tsai KW, Hu LY, Chen TW, Li SC, Ho MR, Yu SY, Tu YT, Chen WS, Lam HC. Emerging role of microRNAs in modulating endothelin-1 expression in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:485-93. [PMID: 25394359 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a small 21-amino acid peptide that is known to exert diverse biological effects on a wide variety of tissues and cell types through its own receptors. The ET-1-ETRA axis is frequently dysfunctional in numerous types of carcinomas, and contributes to the promotion of cell growth and migration. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a critical role in carcinogenesis through mRNA degradation or the translational inhibition of cancer-associated protein-coding genes. However, the role of ET-1 and the relationship between ET-1 and miRNAs in gastric cancer remain unknown. Results of the analysis of the database of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that ET-1 is significantly overexpressed in gastric cancer cells when compared with its expression in adjacent normal cells. Exogenous ET-1 significantly enhanced gastric cancer cell proliferation, implying that ET-1 plays an oncogenic role in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. Using a luciferase reporter assay we showed that 18 miRNA candidates had a significant silencing effect on ET-1 expression by up to 20% in HEK293T cells. Among them, 5 miRNAs (miR-1, miR-101, miR-125A, miR-144 and let-7c) were shown to be involved in ET-1 silencing through post-transcriptional modulation in gastric cancer. Our data also revealed that DNA hypermethylation contributes to the silenced miR-1 expression in gastric cancer cells. The ectopic expression of miR-1 significantly inhibited AGS cell proliferation by suppressing ET-1 expression. Overall, our study revealed that ET-1 overexpression may be due to DNA hypermethylation resulting in the silencing of miR-1 expression in gastric cancer cells. In addition, we identified several miRNAs as potential modulators for ET-1 in gastric cancer, which may be used as targets for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ling-Yueh Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shou-Yu Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Ting Tu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Shone Chen
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hing-Chung Lam
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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152
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Masood Y, Kqueen CY, Rajadurai P. Role of miRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 15:183-97. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.978294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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153
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Katoh M. Cardio-miRNAs and onco-miRNAs: circulating miRNA-based diagnostics for non-cancerous and cancerous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:61. [PMID: 25364765 PMCID: PMC4207049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that primarily repress target mRNAs. Here, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 were selected as representative cardio-miRs that are upregulated in human heart failure. To bridge the gap between miRNA studies in cardiology and oncology, the targets and functions of these miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases and cancers will be reviewed. ACVR1B, BCL2, BIM, eNOS, FGFR3, JPH2, MEN1, MYC, p16, and ST7L are miR-24 targets that have been experimentally validated in human cells. ARID3B, BAK1, BCL2, BMPR1B, ERBB2, FGFR2, IL6R, MUC1, SITR7, Smoothened, STAT3, TET2, and TP53 are representative miR-125b targets. ACVR2A, BCL2, CCND1, E2F3, GLUT3, MYB, RAF1, VEGF, WEE1, and WNT7A are representative miR-195 targets. BCL2L2, ß-catenin, BIM, CADM1, EZH2, FGFR1, NRAS, PTEN, TP53, and TWIST1 are representative miR-214 targets. miR-125b is a good cardio-miR that protects cardiomyocytes; miR-195 is a bad cardio-miR that elicits cardiomyopathy and heart failure; miR-24 and miR-214 are bi-functional cardio-miRs. By contrast, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 function as oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs in a cancer (sub)type-dependent manner. Circulating miR-24 is elevated in diabetes, breast cancer and lung cancer. Circulating miR-195 is elevated in acute myocardial infarction, breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Circulating miR-125b and miR-214 are elevated in some cancers. Cardio-miRs and onco-miRs bear some similarities in functions and circulation profiles. miRNAs regulate WNT, FGF, Hedgehog and other signaling cascades that are involved in orchestration of embryogenesis and homeostasis as well as pathogenesis of human diseases. Because circulating miRNA profiles are modulated by genetic and environmental factors and are dysregulated by genetic and epigenetic alterations in somatic cells, circulating miRNA association studies (CMASs) within several thousands of cases each for common non-cancerous diseases and major cancers are necessary for miRNA-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center Tokyo, Japan
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154
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Wang S, Zhang R, Claret FX, Yang H. Involvement of microRNA-24 and DNA methylation in resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3163-74. [PMID: 25319395 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating in the epithelium. Radiotherapy is the standard therapy, but tumor resistance to this treatment reduces the 5-year patient survival rate dramatically. Studies are urgently needed to elucidate the mechanism of NPC radioresistance. Epigenetics--particularly microRNAs (miRNA) and DNA methylation--plays an important role in carcinogenesis and oncotherapy. We used qRT-PCR analysis and identified an miRNA signature from differentially expressed miRNAs. Our objectives were to identify the role of miR24 in NPC tumorigenesis and radioresistance and to identify the mechanisms by which miR24 is regulated. We found that miR24 inhibited NPC cell growth, promoted cell apoptosis, and suppressed the growth of NPC xenografts. We showed that miR24 was significantly downregulated in recurrent NPC tissues. When combined with irradiation, miR24 acted as a radiosensitizer in NPC cells. One of the miR24 precursors was embedded in a CpG island. Aberrant DNA methylation was involved in NPC response to radiotherapy, which linked inactivation of miR24 through hypermethylation of its precursor promoter with NPC radioresistance. Treating NPC cells with the DNA-hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine compensated for the reduced miR24 expression. Together, our findings showed that miR24 was negatively regulated by hypermethylation of its precursor promoter in NPC radioresistance. Our findings defined a central role for miR24 as a tumor-suppressive miRNA in NPC and suggested its use in novel strategies for treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Huiling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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155
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Li Y, Xu Z, Li B, Zhang Z, Luo H, Wang Y, Lu Z, Wu X. Epigenetic silencing of miRNA-9 is correlated with promoter-proximal CpG island hypermethylation in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2576-86. [PMID: 25270964 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of protein-coding tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by CpG island hypermethylation is a common occurrence in gastric cancer (GC). Here, we examine if tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) are silenced in a similar manner. Real-time quantitative PCR (RTQ-PCR) was employed to investigate the expression level of four candidate miRNAs in GC tissues (n=30) and cell lines. Basing on RTQ-PCR results and bioinformatics approach, miR-9 was chosen for further study on epigenetic regulation. Bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR (BSP) was performed to assess the methylation status of miR-9 in GC tissues. In both GC cell lines and animal models, demethylation was performed either by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) or by siRNA targeting DNMT1. We also analyzed the relationship between miRNAs and several clinicopathological features. Candidate miRNAs (miR-9, miR-433, miR-19b, and miR-370) were found strongly downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Their expression was increased following 5-AZA-CdR treatment. CpG island methylation of miR-9 was significantly higher in GC tissues compared to normal controls. After two demethylation treatments, miR-9 methylation degree was significantly decreased and miR-9 expression was ob-viously restored in GC cells and animal models. Deregulation of miR-9 was positively correlated with tumor lesion size. Three other miRNAs, miR-19b, miR-433, and miR-370 were assοciated with lymph node metastasis, decreased curvature, and poorly differentiated carcinoma. miR-19b and miR-433 were positively correlated with male gender. Of four candidate miRNAs downregulated in GC, miR-9 is epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Surgery, The First People Hospital, Jiangbei, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
| | - Hongchun Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhu Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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156
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Tan Y, Ge G, Pan T, Wen D, Chen L, Yu X, Zhou X, Gan J. A serum microRNA panel as potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma related with hepatitis B virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107986. [PMID: 25238238 PMCID: PMC4169601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of new high-sensitivity and high-specificity markers for HCC are essential. We aimed to identify serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers to be used in diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We investigated serum miRNA expression in (261 HCC patients, 233 cirrhosis patients, and 173 healthy controls), recruited between August 2010 and June 2013. An initial screening of miRNA expression by Illumina sequencing was performed using serum samples pooled from HCC patients and controls. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of selected miRNAs. A logistic regression model was constructed using a training cohort (n = 357) and then validated using an independent cohort (n = 241). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the use of the biomarkers for disease diagnosis. RESULTS We identified 8 miRNAs (hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-433-3p, hsa-miR-1228-5p, hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, and hsa-miR-26a-5p) and constructed an miRNA set that provided high diagnostic accuracy for HCC (AUC = 0.887 and 0.879 for training and validation sets, respectively). The miRNAs could also be used to differentiate HCC patients from healthy (AUC = 0.893) and cirrhosis (AUC = 0.892) patients. CONCLUSIONS We identified a serum of miRNA panel that has considerable clinical value in HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Tan
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guohong Ge
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tengli Pan
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Danfeng Wen
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuejun Yu
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinbei Zhou
- Department of Hepatosis, The Third Hospital of Zhenjiang Affiliated Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianhe Gan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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157
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Xie KL, Zhang YG, Liu J, Zeng Y, Wu H. MicroRNAs associated with HBV infection and HBV-related HCC. Theranostics 2014; 4:1176-92. [PMID: 25285167 PMCID: PMC4183996 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global problem and a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). microRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a group of small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression at the posttranslational level, thereby participating in fundamental biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of miRNAs in HBV infection, the recently identified mechanism underlying dysregulation of miRNAs in HBV-associated HCC, and their association with hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the recent advances in the use of circulating miRNAs in the early diagnosis of HCC as well as therapies based on these aberrantly expressed miRNAs.
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158
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MicroRNAs in liver cancer: a model for investigating pathogenesis and novel therapeutic approaches. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:46-57. [PMID: 25190143 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large class of short RNAs (e.g., 20-24 nucleotides in length), whose main function is to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. Their importance in tumorigenesis has been demonstrated over the past decade, and correspondingly, they have emerged as potential therapeutic molecules and targets. Liver cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases worldwide, and it currently has a poor prognosis owing to largely ineffective therapeutic options. Liver cancer is also an excellent model for testing miRNA-based therapy approaches as it can be easily targeted with the systemic delivery of oligonucleotides. In recent years, the role of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been established with molecular studies and the development of animal models. These studies have also provided the basis for evaluating the therapeutic potential of miRNAs, or anti-miRNAs. In general, the safety of miRNAs has been proven and antitumor activity has been observed. Moreover, because of the absence or presence of mild side effects, the prophylactic use of miRNA-based approaches may be foreseen.
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159
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Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY. The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 2014; 5:673-91. [PMID: 24916440 PMCID: PMC4145080 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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160
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Zhao Q, Zhang B, Shao Y, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang Z, Shu Y, Guo R. Correlation between the expression levels of miR-1 and PIK3CA in non-small-cell lung cancer and their relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis. Future Oncol 2014; 10:49-57. [PMID: 24328409 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relationship between the expression levels of miR-1 and PIK3CA in resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and clinical characteristics and prognosis. MATERIALS & METHODS Levels of miR-1 and PIK3CA in cancerous and normal tissues obtained from 55 patients with NSCLC were measured by real-time PCR and western blot assays, and their associations with clinicopathological features were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 69.1% of the NSCLC tissue samples showed low miR-1 expression (p < 0.05) and 70.9% showed high PIK3CA expression (p < 0.05). Patients with low miR-1 expression and those with high PIK3CA expression had significantly higher incidences of lymph node metastases and postoperative recurrences within 1 year after surgery than those with moderate miR-1 expression and moderate PIK3CA expression (p < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSION Low expression of miR-1 and overexpression of PIK3CA in NSCLC tissues may be useful predictors of lymph node metastasis and postoperative recurrence in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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161
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He DX, Gu XT, Jiang L, Jin J, Ma X. A methylation-based regulatory network for microRNA 320a in chemoresistant breast cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:536-47. [PMID: 25159093 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the overexpression of transient receptor potential channel C5 (TRPC5) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c3 (NFATC3) are essential for cancer chemoresistance, but how TRPC5 and NFATC3 are regulated was still unclear. In this study, microRNA 320a (miR-320a) was found to be down-regulated in chemoresistant cancer cells. MiR-320a directly targeted TRPC5 and NFATC3, and down-regulation of miR-320a triggered TRPC5 and NFATC3 overexpression. In chemoresistant cells, down-regulation of miR-320a was associated with regulation by methylation, which implicated promoter methylation of the miR-320a coding sequence. Furthermore, the transcription factor v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS-1), which inhibited miR-320a expression, was activated in chemoresistant cancer cells; such activation was associated with hypomethylation of the ETS-1 promoter. Lastly, the down-regulation of miR-320a and high expression of TRPC5, NFATC3, and ETS-1 were verified in clinically chemoresistant samples. Low expression of MiR-320a was also found to be a significant unfavorable predictor for clinic outcome. In conclusion, miR-320a is a mediator of chemoresistance by targeting TRPC5 and NFATC3. Expression of miR-320a is regulated by methylation of its promoter and that of ETS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (D.X.H.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics (X.T.G., L.J., J.J., X.M.), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ting Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (D.X.H.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics (X.T.G., L.J., J.J., X.M.), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (D.X.H.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics (X.T.G., L.J., J.J., X.M.), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (D.X.H.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics (X.T.G., L.J., J.J., X.M.), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (D.X.H.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics (X.T.G., L.J., J.J., X.M.), Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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162
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Truini A, Coco S, Alama A, Genova C, Sini C, Dal Bello MG, Barletta G, Rijavec E, Burrafato G, Boccardo F, Grossi F. Role of microRNAs in malignant mesothelioma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2865-78. [PMID: 24562347 PMCID: PMC11114034 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor, mainly derived from the pleura, which is predominantly associated with exposure to asbestos fibers. The prognosis of MM patients is particularly severe, with a median survival of approximately 9-12 months and latency between exposure and diagnosis ranging from 20-50 years (median 30 years). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that tumor aggressiveness is associated with genome and gene expression abnormalities; therefore, several studies have recently focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in MM tumorigenesis. miRNAs are small non-protein coding single-stranded RNAs (17-22 nucleotides) involved in numerous cellular processes that negatively regulate gene expression by modulating the expression of downstream target genes. miRNAs are often deregulated in cancer; in particular, the differential miRNA expression profiles of MM cells compared to unaffected mesothelial cells have suggested potential roles of miRNAs as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in MM oncogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of MM carcinogenesis was evaluated through the analysis of the published miRNA expression data. The roles of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic factors for potential therapeutic strategies will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Truini
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy,
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163
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miRNomes of haematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells identify miR-30b as a regulator of Notch1. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2903. [PMID: 24309499 PMCID: PMC3863901 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical to initiate the immune response and maintain tolerance, depending on different status and subsets. The expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various DC subsets and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which generate DCs, remain to be fully identified. Here we examine miRNomes of mouse bone marrow HSCs, immature DCs, mature DCs and IL-10/NO-producing regulatory DCs by deep sequencing. We identify numerous stage-specific miRNAs and histone modification in HSCs and DCs at different differentiation stages. miR-30b, significantly upregulated via a TGF-beta/Smad3-mediated epigenetic pathway in regulatory DCs, can target Notch1 to promote IL-10 and NO production, suggesting that miR-30b is a negative regulator of immune response. We also identify miRNomes of in vivo counterparts of mature DCs and regulatory DCs and systematically compare them with DCs cultured in vitro. These results provide a resource for studying roles of miRNAs in stem cell biology, development and functional regulation of DC subsets.
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164
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Anwar SL, Lehmann U. DNA methylation, microRNAs, and their crosstalk as potential biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7894-7913. [PMID: 24976726 PMCID: PMC4069317 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been identified as a major characteristic in human cancers. Advances in the field of epigenetics have contributed significantly in refining our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation. DNA methylation and microRNA expression are epigenetic mechanisms that are widely altered in human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Both DNA methylation and microRNA expression patterns are regulated in developmental stage specific-, cell type specific- and tissue-specific manner. The aberrations are inferred in the maintenance of cancer stem cells and in clonal cell evolution during carcinogenesis. The availability of genome-wide technologies for DNA methylation and microRNA profiling has revolutionized the field of epigenetics and led to the discovery of a number of epigenetically silenced microRNAs in cancerous cells and primary tissues. Dysregulation of these microRNAs affects several key signalling pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis suggesting that modulation of DNA methylation and/or microRNA expression can serve as new therapeutic targets for HCC. Accumulative evidence shows that aberrant DNA methylation of certain microRNA genes is an event specifically found in HCC which correlates with unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, it can potentially serve as a biomarker for detection as well as for prognosis, monitoring and predicting therapeutic responses in HCC.
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165
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Jiang C, Chen H, Shao L, Wang Q. MicroRNA-1 functions as a potential tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma by targeting Med1 and Med31. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1249-56. [PMID: 24969180 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) has been shown to function as a critical gene regulator in multiple types of cancers. However, the role of miR-1 in osteosarcoma has not been totally clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-1 on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism. We found that miR-1 was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines. Restoration of miR-1 significantly suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation by inhibiting cell cycle progression. Mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1) and 31 (Med31) were validated as targets of miR-1 in osteosarcoma by luciferase reporter assay. Downregulation of Med1 and Med31 suppressed the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells, and overexpression of Med1 and Med31 abrogated the effects of miR-1 on cell proliferation. Furthermore, both miR-1 and knockdown of Med1 or Med31 reduced the expression of met proto-oncogene (MET) and blocked the downstream signaling of MET responding to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that Med1 and Med31 serve as potential gene therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma and miR-1 may prove to be a promising agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qiaojie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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166
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Guerrero-Bosagna C, Weeks S, Skinner MK. Identification of genomic features in environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inherited sperm epimutations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100194. [PMID: 24937757 PMCID: PMC4061094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of environmental toxicants have been shown to induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and phenotypic variation. The process involves exposure of a gestating female and the developing fetus to environmental factors that promote permanent alterations in the epigenetic programming of the germline. The molecular aspects of the phenomenon involve epigenetic modifications (epimutations) in the germline (e.g. sperm) that are transmitted to subsequent generations. The current study integrates previously described experimental epigenomic transgenerational data and web-based bioinformatic analyses to identify genomic features associated with these transgenerationally transmitted epimutations. A previously identified genomic feature associated with these epimutations is a low CpG density (<12/100bp). The current observations suggest the transgenerational differential DNA methylation regions (DMR) in sperm contain unique consensus DNA sequence motifs, zinc finger motifs and G-quadruplex sequences. Interaction of molecular factors with these sequences could alter chromatin structure and accessibility of proteins with DNA methyltransferases to alter de novo DNA methylation patterns. G-quadruplex regions can promote the opening of the chromatin that may influence the action of DNA methyltransferases, or factors interacting with them, for the establishment of epigenetic marks. Zinc finger binding factors can also promote this chromatin remodeling and influence the expression of non-coding RNA. The current study identified genomic features associated with sperm epimutations that may explain in part how these sites become susceptible for transgenerational programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Biology and Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Shelby Weeks
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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167
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Liu M, Jiang L, Guan XY. The genetic and epigenetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a recent update. Protein Cell 2014. [PMID: 24916440 DOI: 10.1007/s13238- 014-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent human malignancies worldwide with very poor prognosis. It is generally accepted that the progression of HCC is a long-term process with accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations, which further lead to the activation of critical oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. HCC is characterized with multiple cancer hallmarks including their ability to proliferate, anti-apoptosis, invade, metastasis, as well as the emerging features such as stem cell properties and energy metabolic switch. The irreversible alterations at genetic level could be detected as early as in the pre-neoplastic stages and accumulate during cancer progression. Thus, they might account for the cancer initiating steps and further malignant transformation. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic alterations can affect the cancer transcriptome more extensively. Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modification, miRNAs, RNA editing, and lncRNAs might result in disrupted gene regulation networks and substantially contribute to HCC progression. In this review, the genetic and epigenetic alterations which significantly contribute to the malignant capabilities of HCC will be updated and summarized in detail. Further characterization of those critical molecular events might better elucidate the pathogenesis of HCC and provide novel therapeutic targets for treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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168
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Li X, Yang W, Lou L, Chen Y, Wu S, Ding G. microRNA: a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1099-107. [PMID: 24390674 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-3006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs constitute a novel class of small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. Aberrant miRNA expression has been implicated in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well-documented that miRNAs function as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in the development and progression of HCC. Additionally, substantial evidence suggests that unique miRNA signatures can serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. Interestingly, certain subsets of miRNAs have also been identified as potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, YiWu Central Hospital, Zhejiang, 322000, China,
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169
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The role of micro-RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: from molecular biology to treatment. Molecules 2014; 19:6393-406. [PMID: 24853455 PMCID: PMC6271763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. microRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved small non-coding RNA that negatively regulate gene expression and protein translation. Recent evidences have shown that they are involved in many biological processes, from development and cell-cycle regulation to apoptosis. miRNAs can behave as tumor suppressor or promoter of oncogenesis depending on the cellular function of their targets. Moreover, they are frequently dysregulated in HCC. In this review we summarize the latest findings of miRNAs regulation in HCC and their role as potentially diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. We highlight development of miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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170
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Role of microRNA-1 in human cancer and its therapeutic potentials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:428371. [PMID: 24949449 PMCID: PMC4052501 DOI: 10.1155/2014/428371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the mechanisms of human cancer development are not fully understood, evidence of microRNA (miRNA, miR) dysregulation has been reported in many human diseases, including cancer. miRs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the specific region of gene mRNAs, resulting in downregulation of gene expression. Not only are certain miRs consistently dysregulated across many cancers, but they also play critical roles in many aspects of cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies from our group and others revealed that miR-1 is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer. Through targeting multiple oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, miR-1 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene that represses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and promotes apoptosis by ectopic expression. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the aberrant expression and functional significance of miR-1 in human cancers and emphasize its significant values for therapeutic potentials.
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171
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Suspène R, Caval V, Henry M, Bouzidi MS, Wain-Hobson S, Vartanian JP. Erroneous identification of APOBEC3-edited chromosomal DNA in cancer genomics. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2615-22. [PMID: 24691422 PMCID: PMC4021520 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The revolution in cancer genomics shows that the dominant mutations are CG->TA transitions. The sources of these mutations are probably two host cell cytidine deaminases APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B. The former in particular can access nuclear DNA and monotonously introduce phenomenal numbers of C->T mutations in the signature 5'TpC context. These can be copied as G->A transitions in the 5'GpA context. METHODS DNA hypermutated by an APOBEC3 enzyme can be recovered by a technique called 3DPCR, which stands for differential DNA denaturation PCR. This method exploits the fact that APOBEC3-edited DNA is richer in A+T compared with the reference. We explore explicitly 3DPCR error using cloned DNA. RESULTS Here we show that the technique has a higher error rate compared with standard PCR and can generate DNA strands containing both C->T and G->A mutations in a 5'GpCpR context. Sequences with similar traits have been recovered from human tumour DNA using 3DPCR. CONCLUSIONS Differential DNA denaturation PCR cannot be used to identify fixed C->T transitions in cancer genomes. Presently, the overall mutation frequency is ∼10(4)-10(5) base substitutions per cancer genome, or 0.003-0.03 kb(-1). By contrast, the 3DPCR error rate is of the order of 4-20 kb(-1) owing to constant selection for AT DNA and PCR-mediated recombination. Accordingly, sequences recovered by 3DPCR harbouring mixed C->T and G->A mutations associated with the 5'GpC represent artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Suspène
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - V Caval
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - M Henry
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - M S Bouzidi
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - S Wain-Hobson
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - J-P Vartanian
- Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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172
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Abstract
A growing number of studies in recent years have highlighted the importance of molecular nutrition as a potential determinant of health and disease. In particular, the ability of micronutrients to regulate the final expression of gene products via modulation of transcription and translation is now being recognised. Modulation of microRNA (miRNA) by nutrients is one pathway by which nutrition may mediate gene expression. miRNA, a class of non-coding RNA, can directly regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. In addition, miRNA are able to indirectly influence gene expression potential at the transcriptional level via modulation of the function of components of the epigenetic machinery (DNA methylation and histone modifications). These mechanisms interact to form a complex, bi-directional regulatory circuit modulating gene expression. Disease-specific miRNA profiles have been identified in multiple disease states, including those with known dietary risk factors. Therefore, the role that nutritional components, in particular, vitamins and minerals, play in the modulation of miRNA profiles, and consequently health and disease, is increasingly being investigated, and as such is a timely subject for review. The recently posited potential for viable exogenous miRNA to enter human blood circulation from food sources adds another interesting dimension to the potential for dietary miRNA to contribute to gene modulation.
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173
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Duan Z, Shen J, Yang X, Yang P, Osaka E, Choy E, Cote G, Harmon D, Zhang Y, Nielsen GP, Spentzos D, Mankin H, Hornicek F. Prognostic significance of miRNA-1 (miR-1) expression in patients with chordoma. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:695-701. [PMID: 24501096 PMCID: PMC4049352 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reliable prognostic biomarkers for chordoma have not yet been established. Recent studies revealed that expression of miRNA-1 (miR-1) is frequently downregulated in several cancer types including chordoma. The goal of this follow-up study is to investigate the expression of miR-1 as a prognostic biomarker and further confirm the functional role of miR-1 in chordoma cell growth and proliferation. We determined the relative expression levels of miR-1 and Met in chordoma tissue samples and correlated those to clinical variables. The results showed that miR-1 was downregulated in 93.7% of chordoma tissues and expression was inversely correlated with Met expression. miR-1 expression levels also correlated with clinical prognosis. To characterize and confirm the functional role of miR-1 in the growth and proliferation of chordoma cells, miR-1 precursors were stably transfected into chordoma cell lines UCH-1 and CH-22. Cell Proliferation Assay and MTT were used to evaluate cell growth and proliferation. Restoring expression of miR-1 precursor decreased cell growth and proliferation in UCH-1 and CH-22 cells. These results indicate that suppressed miR-1 expression in chordoma may in part be a driver for tumor growth, and that miR-1 has potential to serve as prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chordoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jacson Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Pei Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Eiji Osaka
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Gregory Cote
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - David Harmon
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liu Hua Qiao Hospital, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - G. Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sarcoma Program, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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174
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Ectopic expression of micro-RNA-1, 21 and 125a in peripheral blood immune cells is associated with chronic HBV infection. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4833-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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175
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Jiménez-Wences H, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Fernández-Tilapa G. Human papilloma virus, DNA methylation and microRNA expression in cervical cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2467-76. [PMID: 24737381 PMCID: PMC4055305 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease caused by genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that affect gene expression. The progression from precursor lesions to invasive cervical cancer is influenced by persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, which induces changes in the host genome and epigenome. Epigenetic alterations, such as aberrant miRNA expression and changes in DNA methylation status, favor the expression of oncogenes and the silencing of tumor-suppressor genes. Given that some miRNA genes can be regulated through epigenetic mechanisms, it has been proposed that alterations in the methylation status of miRNA promoters could be the driving mechanism behind their aberrant expression in cervical cancer. For these reasons, we assessed the relationship among HPV infection, cellular DNA methylation and miRNA expression. We conclude that alterations in the methylation status of protein-coding genes and various miRNA genes are influenced by HPV infection, the viral genotype, the physical state of the viral DNA, and viral oncogenic risk. Furthermore, HPV induces deregulation of miRNA expression, particularly at loci near fragile sites. This deregulation occurs through the E6 and E7 proteins, which target miRNA transcription factors such as p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Jiménez-Wences
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Academic Unit of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Colonia Haciendita, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, Mexico
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, Cerrada los Pinos y Caminera, Colonia Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Academic Unit of Biological Chemical Sciences, Guerrero Autonomous University, Colonia Haciendita, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39070, Mexico
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176
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Letelier P, García P, Leal P, Álvarez H, Ili C, López J, Castillo J, Brebi P, Roa JC. miR-1 and miR-145 act as tumor suppressor microRNAs in gallbladder cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:1849-67. [PMID: 24966896 PMCID: PMC4069933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of miRNA-based therapeutics represents a new strategy in cancer treatment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the differential expression of microRNAs in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and to assess the functional role of miR-1 and miR-145 in GBC cell behavior. A profile of miRNA expression was determined using DharmaconTM microarray technology. Differential expression of five microRNAs was validated by TaqMan reverse transcription quantitative-PCR in a separate cohort of 8 tumors and 3 non-cancerous samples. Then, we explored the functional role of miR-1 and miR-145 in tumor cell behavior by ectopic in vitro expression in the GBC NOZ cell line. Several miRNAs were found to be aberrantly expressed in GBC; most of these showed a significantly decreased expression compared to non-neoplastic tissues (Q value<0.05). The differential expression of 7 selected miRNAs was confirmed by real time PCR. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the most deregulated miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133, miR-143 and miR-145) collectively targeted a number of genes belonging to signaling pathways such as TGF-β, ErbB3, WNT and VEGF, and those regulating cell motility or adhesion. The ectopic expression of miR-1 and miR-145 in NOZ cells significantly inhibited cell viability and colony formation (P<0.01) and reduced gene expression of VEGF-A and AXL. This study represents the first investigation of the miRNA expression profile in gallbladder cancer, and our findings showed that several miRNAs are deregulated in this neoplasm. In vitro functional assays suggest that miR-1 and miR-145 act as tumor suppressor microRNAs in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Letelier
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-CEGIN), Universidad de La FronteraManuel Montt 112, Postal Code 4781176, Temuco, Chile
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de TemucoManuel Montt 56, Postal Code 4813302, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePortugal 61, Postal Code 8330034, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-CEGIN), Universidad de La FronteraManuel Montt 112, Postal Code 4781176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Héctor Álvarez
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Ili
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-CEGIN), Universidad de La FronteraManuel Montt 112, Postal Code 4781176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime López
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-CEGIN), Universidad de La FronteraManuel Montt 112, Postal Code 4781176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jonathan Castillo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-CEGIN), Universidad de La FronteraManuel Montt 112, Postal Code 4781176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-CEGIN), Universidad de La FronteraManuel Montt 112, Postal Code 4781176, Temuco, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChilePortugal 61, Postal Code 8330034, Santiago, Chile
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177
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MicroRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: carcinogenesis, progression, and therapeutic target. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:486407. [PMID: 24800233 PMCID: PMC3996893 DOI: 10.1155/2014/486407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of death from cancer, with dismal outcomes and an increasing incidence worldwide. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistep process that progresses from chronic hepatitis through cirrhosis and/or dysplastic nodule to HCC. However, the detailed molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate the translation of many genes, have emerged as key factors involved in several biological processes, including development, differentiation, and cell proliferation. Recent studies have uncovered the contribution of miRNAs to the cancer pathogenesis, as they can behave as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. In addition, other studies have demonstrated their potential values in the clinical management of HCC patients as some miRNAs may be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the roles of miRNAs in carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. We also discuss the potential application of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and their potential roles in the intervention of HCC.
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178
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Hornby RJ, Starkey Lewis P, Dear J, Goldring C, Park BK. MicroRNAs as potential circulating biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury: key current and future issues for translation to humans. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:349-62. [PMID: 24694030 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.904201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common form of adverse drug reaction seen within the clinic. Sensitive, specific and non-invasive biomarkers of liver toxicity are required to help diagnose hepatotoxicity and also to identify safety liabilities during drug development. Limitations exist in the current gold standard DILI biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase is not liver-specific and therefore gives rise to false-positive signals. Interest has grown in the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers of DILI. Some miRNAs display remarkable organ specificity, can be measured sensitively and are stable in a wide range of biofluids. However, little is currently known about the mechanisms through which miRNAs are released from cells. Furthermore, a clinically suitable method to measure miRNAs has not yet been developed. This review aims to highlight the current research surrounding these markers and areas in which further work is required to establish these markers within clinical and pre-clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert James Hornby
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Sherrington Buildings, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
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179
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Xie K, Liu J, Chen J, Dong J, Ma H, Liu Y, Hu Z. Methylation-associated silencing of microRNA-34b in hepatocellular carcinoma cancer. Gene 2014; 543:101-7. [PMID: 24704024 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes in human cancers including HCC. Previous studies have identified miR-34 family as an important component of the tumor suppressor network during carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the methylation status of miR-34 family in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The methylation frequencies of miR-34a and miR-34b/c were 72.1% (31/43) and 79.1% (34/43) in HCC tissues, which were significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05), respectively. The results were validated by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of miR-34a and miR-34b was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of miR-34b was inversely correlated to CpG island methylation in tumor tissues, but not for miR-34a. In summary, our results suggest that DNA methylation may be involved in the inactivation of miR-34b in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipeng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- Tumor Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226361, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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180
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Pang F, Zha R, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen D, Zhang Z, Chen T, Yao M, Gu J, He X. MiR-525-3p enhances the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells by downregulating ZNF395. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90867. [PMID: 24599008 PMCID: PMC3944804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of leading causes of cancer-related deaths. A deeper mechanistic understanding of liver cancer could lead to the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. In our previous work, we screened 646 miRNAs and identified 11 that regulate liver cancer cell migration. The current study shows that miR-525-3p is frequently up-regulated in liver cancer tissues, and enhanced expression of miR-525-3p can promote liver cancer cell migration and invasion. Zinc finger protein 395 (ZNF395) is the direct functional target gene for miR-525-3p, and it is frequently down-regulated in liver cancer tissues. High expression of ZNF395 can significantly inhibit while knockdown of ZNF395 expression can markedly enhance the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells, suggesting that ZNF395 suppresses metastasis in liver cancer. Down-regulation of ZNF395 can mediate miR-525-3p induced liver cancer cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, miR-525-3p promotes liver cancer cell migration and invasion by directly targeting ZNF395, and the fact that miR-525-3p and ZNF395 both play important roles in liver cancer progression makes them potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruopeng Zha
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ming Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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181
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Islam M, Datta J, Lang JC, Teknos TN. Down regulation of RhoC by microRNA-138 results in de-activation of FAK, Src and Erk1/2 signaling pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:448-56. [PMID: 24565984 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RhoC a pro-metastatic oncogene is constitutively active in many head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. MicroRNA-138 which possesses a documented tumor suppressor function can bind to the 3'UTR of RhoC mRNA and inhibit its activity. We hypothesize that miR-138 can inhibit the function of RhoC and consequently the activation of downstream target molecules involve in the signaling cascade. For this reason we investigated the role of miR-138 in HNSCC. METHODS In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the role of miR-138 in HNSCC cell lines and in primary tumors obtained from HNSCC patients. Real time RT-PCR, Western blot, cell motility, invasion and colony formation assays were performed according to standard procedures. RESULTS Data obtained by G-LISA and real time PCR shows an inverse correlation between RhoC expression and miR-138 in HNSCC cell lines. Additionally, we obtained a similar pattern of RhoC and miR-138 expression in primary tumors from HNSCC patients. Over expression of miR-138 in HNSCC lines showed down regulation of RhoC, as well as a decrease in cell motility, invasion colony and stress fiber formation. Furthermore, a significant down regulation was observed for FAK, Src and Erk(1/2) upon miR-138 overexpression. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that the inhibition of RhoC can be achieved by over expressing miR-138, which further attenuates the downstream signaling cascade leading to cancer progression and survival. Moreover, this study for the first time shows that down regulation of FAK, Src and Erk(1/2) by miR-138 overexpression is due to inhibition of RhoC in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozaffarul Islam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jharna Datta
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James C Lang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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182
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Hu W, Wang T, Xu J, Li H. MicroRNA mediates DNA methylation of target genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:676-81. [PMID: 24508262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small RNAs represented by microRNA (miRNA) plays important roles in plant development and responds to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previous studies have placed special emphasis on gene-repression mediated by miRNA. In this work, the DNA methylation pattern of microRNA genes (MIRs) was interrogated. Full-length cDNA and EST were used to confirm the entity of pri-miRNA. In parallel, miRNA in 24 nucleotides (nt) was pooled to detect chromatin modification effect by using bisulfite sequencing data. 97 MIRs were supported by full-length cDNA and 30 more were hit by EST. Notably, methylation levels of conserved MIRs were significantly lower than the non-conserved at all contexts (CG, CHG, and CHH). Additionally, a substantial part of 24-nt miRNA was able to induce target site methylation, providing a broader perspective for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Tingzhang Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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183
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Pallante P, Battista S, Pierantoni GM, Fusco A. Deregulation of microRNA expression in thyroid neoplasias. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:88-101. [PMID: 24247220 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of powerful gene expression regulators. Acting at the post-transcriptional level, miRNAs modulate the expression of at least one-third of the mRNAs that are encoded by the human genome. The expression of a single gene can be regulated by several miRNAs, and every miRNA has more than one target gene. Thus, the miRNA regulatory circuit, which affects essential cellular functions, is of enormous complexity. Moreover, a fundamental role for miRNAs has been determined in the onset and progression of human cancers. Here, we summarize the main alterations in miRNA expression that have been identified in thyroid neoplasias and examine the mechanisms through which miRNA deregulation might promote thyroid cell transformation. We also discuss how the emerging knowledge on miRNA deregulation could be harnessed for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Battista
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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184
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Zheng XL. Myocardin and smooth muscle differentiation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 543:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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185
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Akkiz H. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2014; 4:45-50. [PMID: 29264318 PMCID: PMC5736955 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent epidemiological data have demonstrated that liver cancer incidence is continuously rising and will continue to do so for more than a decade, not only South Africa and Mainland China but also in North America and Europe. Molecular profiling of changes in gene expression has improved our understanding of the HCC mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that function to modulate protein expression. This control allows for fine-tuning of the cellular phenotype, including regulation of proliferation, cell signaling and apoptosis. Recently, investigators have demonstrated decreased or increased expression of particular miRNAs in hepatobiliary cancer cells. Many studies have highlighted the role of miRNA in physiological processes and cancer development. Several studies have reported that some miRNAs may play a role in the development and progression of HCC. Recent investigations have suggested that the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA genes, their processing machinery and target binding sites affect cancer risk, treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. This review will discuss the emerging critical role of miRNAs in hepatocarcinogenesis, HCC progression and clinical outcome. How to cite this article: Akkiz H. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2014;4(1):45-50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Akkiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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186
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Yu QQ, Wu H, Huang X, Shen H, Shu YQ, Zhang B, Xiang CC, Yu SM, Guo RH, Chen L. MiR-1 targets PIK3CA and inhibits tumorigenic properties of A549 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:155-61. [PMID: 24486107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small endogenous RNAs that play important roles in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including malignancy. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the underlying mechanisms by which it suppresses tumorigenesis in NSCLC are largely unknown. We investigated whether phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) was a novel target of miR-1 in the NSCLC cell line A549, and the mechanism of miR-1 inhibition of the tumorigenic properties of A549 cells is discussed. The influence of miR-1 on A549 cells was studied by transfection with miR-1 mimics or inhibitor. MiR-1 overexpression led to downregulation of PIK3CA protein, but not mRNA by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-1 targeted PIK3CA directly. PIK3CA downregulation by miR-1 mimics led to a significant reduction of phosphorylated Akt and survivin protein, the downstream targets of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell proliferation was studied using a cell counting kit. Migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The results were that miR-1 upregulation inhibited A549 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings indicate that miR-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by regulating PIK3CA through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Increasing miR-1 expression may provide a novel approach for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yong-Qian Shu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Xiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shao-Min Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ren-Hua Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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187
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Xu Y, Zheng M, Merritt RE, Shrager JB, Wakelee HA, Kratzke RA, Hoang CD. miR-1 induces growth arrest and apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma. Chest 2014; 144:1632-1643. [PMID: 23828229 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated microRNA expression profiles of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) specimens to identify novel microRNA that are potentially involved in the oncogenic transformation of human pleural cells. METHODS microRNA microarray transcriptional profiling studies of 25 MPM primary tumors were performed. We used normal pleural tissue from an unmatched patient cohort as normal comparators. To confirm microarray data, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Representative cell lines H513 and H2052 were used in functional analyses of miR-1. RESULTS In addition to several novel MPM-associated microRNAs, we observed that the expression level of miR-1 was significantly lower in tumors as compared with normal pleural specimens. Subsequently, pre-miR of miR-1 was introduced into MPM cell lines to overexpress this microRNA. Phenotypic changes of these altered cells were assayed. The cellular proliferation rate was significantly inhibited after overexpression of miR-1. Early and late apoptosis was increased markedly in miR-1-transfected cell lines. Taken together, these data suggested that overexpression of miR-1 induced apoptosis in these MPM cell lines, acting as a tumor suppressor. We confirmed our observations by assessing in the transduced MPM cells cell cycle-related, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic genes, which all showed coordinated, significant changes characteristic of the apoptotic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation and validation of our microRNA database of MPM may elucidate previously unrecognized molecular pathways and/or mechanisms by identifying novel microRNAs that are involved in malignant transformation. Our study has now found miR-1 to be one of these MPM-associated microRNAs, with potential pathogenic and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Anesthesia, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert E Merritt
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplant, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA.
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188
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Lu JW, Liao CY, Yang WY, Lin YM, Jin SLC, Wang HD, Yuh CH. Overexpression of endothelin 1 triggers hepatocarcinogenesis in zebrafish and promotes cell proliferation and migration through the AKT pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85318. [PMID: 24416389 PMCID: PMC3885696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis commonly involves the gradual progression from hepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis, and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Endothelin 1 (Edn1) has been identified as a gene that is significantly up-regulated in HBx-induced HCC in mice. In this study, we further investigated the role of edn1 in hepatocarcinogenesis using a transgenic zebrafish model and a cell culture system. Liver-specific edn1 expression caused steatosis, fibrosis, glycogen accumulation, bile duct dilation, hyperplasia, and HCC in zebrafish. Overexpression of EDN1 in 293T cells enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration in in vitro and xenotransplantation assays and was accompanied with up-regulation of several cell cycle/proliferation- and migration-specific genes. Furthermore, expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway-related mediators, such as spliced XBP1, ATF6, IRE1, and PERK, was also up-regulated at both the RNA and protein levels. In the presence of an EDN1 inhibitor or an AKT inhibitor, these increases were diminished and the EDN1-induced migration ability also was disappeared, suggesting that the EDN1 effects act through activation of the AKT pathway to enhance the UPR and subsequently activate the expression of downstream genes. Additionally, p-AKT is enhanced in the edn1 transgenic fish compared to the GFP-mCherry control. The micro RNA miR-1 was found to inhibit the expression of EDN1. We also observed an inverse correlation between EDN1 and miR-1 expression in HCC patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that EDN1 plays an important role in HCC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and is regulated by miR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Wei Lu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liao
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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189
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Abstract
In the past decade, considerable effort has been made in elucidating the mechanism underlying the high level of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. While some recent studies have attempted to address this issue, the potential role of microRNAs in this process has not been explored until recently. These studies have demonstrated involvement of just five deregulated miRNAs in glucose metabolism in hepatocarcinogenesis. This review discusses the metabolic significance of these miRNAs in hepatoceullular carcinoma, their targets in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and pentose phosphate pathways, and provides an insight into the therapeutic potential of targeting specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K. Reyes
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- †Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tasneem Motiwala
- †Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- ‡Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Samson T. Jacob
- †Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- ‡Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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190
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Frau M, Feo CF, Feo F, Pascale RM. New insights on the role of epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2014; 1:65-83. [PMID: 27508177 PMCID: PMC4918272 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s44506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence assigns to epigenetic mechanisms heritable differences in gene function that come into being during cell development or via the effect of environmental factors. Epigenetic deregulation is strongly involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It includes changes in methionine metabolism, promoter hypermethylation, or increased proteasomal degradation of oncosuppressors, as well as posttranscriptional deregulation by microRNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) binding proteins. Alterations in the methylation of the promoter of methyl adenosyltransferase MAT1A and MAT2A genes in HCC result in decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels, global DNA hypomethylation, and deregulation of signal transduction pathways linked to methionine metabolism and methyl adenosyltransferases activity. Changes in S-adenosylmethionine levels may also depend on MAT1A mRNA destabilization associated with MAT2A mRNA stabilization by specific proteins. Decrease in MAT1A expression has also been attributed to miRNA upregulation in HCC. A complex deregulation of miRNAs is also strongly involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, with up-regulation of different miRNAs targeting oncosuppressor genes and down-regulation of miRNAs targeting genes involved in cell-cycle and signal transduction control. Oncosuppressor gene down-regulation in HCC is also induced by promoter hypermethylation or posttranslational deregulation, leading to proteasomal degradation. The role of epigenetic changes in hepatocarcinogenesis has recently suggested new promising therapeutic approaches for HCC on the basis of the administration of methylating agents, inhibition of methyl adenosyltransferases, and restoration of the expression of tumor-suppressor miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Frau
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudio F Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rosa M Pascale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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191
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Saito Y, Hibino S, Saito H. Alterations of epigenetics and microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:31-42. [PMID: 23617364 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNA (miRNA) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in HCC is generally mediated by DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoters and histone modifications such as histone deacetylation, methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and tri-methylation of H3K27. Chromatin-modifying drugs such as DNA methylation inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown clinical promise for cancer therapy. miRNA are small non-coding RNA that regulate expression of various target genes. Specific miRNA are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during hepatocarcinogenesis. We and other groups have demonstrated that important tumor suppressor miRNA are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in human malignancies including HCC. Restoring the expression of tumor suppressor miRNA by inhibitors of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase may be a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Saito
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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192
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Bronisz A, Wang Y, Nowicki MO, Peruzzi P, Ansari K, Ogawa D, Balaj L, De Rienzo G, Mineo M, Nakano I, Ostrowski MC, Hochberg F, Weissleder R, Lawler SE, Chiocca EA, Godlewski J. Extracellular vesicles modulate the glioblastoma microenvironment via a tumor suppression signaling network directed by miR-1. Cancer Res 2013; 74:738-750. [PMID: 24310399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication in cancer, including by conveying tumor-promoting microRNAs between cells, but their regulation is poorly understood. In this study, we report the findings of a comparative microRNA profiling and functional analysis in human glioblastoma that identifies miR-1 as an orchestrator of extracellular vesicle function and glioblastoma growth and invasion. Ectopic expression of miR-1 in glioblastoma cells blocked in vivo growth, neovascularization, and invasiveness. These effects were associated with a role for miR-1 in intercellular communication in the microenvironment mediated by extracellular vesicles released by cancer stem-like glioblastoma cells. An extracellular vesicle-dependent phenotype defined by glioblastoma invasion, neurosphere growth, and endothelial tube formation was mitigated by loading miR-1 into glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles. Protein cargo in extracellular vesicles was characterized to learn how miR-1 directed extracellular vesicle function. The mRNA encoding Annexin A2 (ANXA2), one of the most abundant proteins in glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles, was found to be a direct target of miR-1 control. In addition, extracellular vesicle-derived miR-1 along with other ANXA2 extracellular vesicle networking partners targeted multiple pro-oncogenic signals in cells within the glioblastoma microenvironment. Together, our results showed how extracellular vesicle signaling promotes the malignant character of glioblastoma and how ectopic expression of miR-1 can mitigate this character, with possible implications for how to develop a unique miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bronisz
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michal O Nowicki
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Khairul Ansari
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogawa
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Gianluca De Rienzo
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marco Mineo
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fred Hochberg
- Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Neuroscience Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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193
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Regulation of microRNAs by epigenetics and their interplay involved in cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:96. [PMID: 24261995 PMCID: PMC3874662 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Similar to protein-coding genes, miRNAs are also susceptible to epigenetic modulation. Although numerous miRNAs have been shown to be affected by DNA methylation, the regulatory mechanism of histone modification on miRNA is not adequately understood. EZH2 and HDACs were recently identified as critical histone modifiers of deregulated miRNAs in cancer and can be recruited to a miRNA promoter by transcription factors such as MYC. Because miRNAs can modulate epigenetic architecture and can be regulated by epigenetic alteration, they could reasonably play an important role in mediating the crosstalk between epigenetic regulators. The complicated network between miRNAs and epigenetic machineries underlies the epigenetic–miRNA regulatory pathway, which is important in monitoring gene expression profiles. Regulation of miRNAs by inducing epigenetic changes reveals promising avenues for the design of innovative strategies in the fight against human cancer.
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194
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Roles of microRNAs in the hepatitis B virus infection and related diseases. Viruses 2013; 5:2690-703. [PMID: 24212236 PMCID: PMC3856410 DOI: 10.3390/v5112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small enveloped DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. HBV can cause acute and persistent infection which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the main cellular events. The dysregulation of their expression has been linked to the development of the cancer as well as to viral interference. This chapter will describe the involvement of miRNAs in the case of HBV infection and their implication in the development of the HBV-related diseases.
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195
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Qin J, Xu Y, Li X, Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang G, Chen L. Effects of lentiviral-mediated Foxp1 and Foxq1 RNAi on the hepatocarcinoma cell. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 96:1-8. [PMID: 24211718 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foxp1 and Foxq1 are two multifunctional molecules of "forkhead box (Fox)" family. The objective of this paper was to construct the lentiviral vectors expressing RNA interference (RNAi) against Foxp1 or Foxq1 genes, and the effects of both vectors with two RNAis on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of 7721 hepatocarcinoma cell line were evaluated. Six target sequences against human Foxp1/Foxq1 mRNA were designed respectively and six pairs of their corresponding double-strand DNA oligo (siRNA) were synthesized prior to being transfected into 7721 cells with lipo2000, then a most efficient siRNA were selected to be subcloned into pLL3.7-GFP/Lenti plasmids. These plasmids were transfected into 293T cells to package lentiviral particles for subsequent transfection into 7721 cells after their sequences were confirmed. The expression of Foxp1and Foxq1 genes in the transfected cells were identified by real-time PCR. The migration, infiltration, viability and apoptosis of the transfected cells were assessed by wound healing assay, Transwell assay, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Sequencing results showed that lentiviral vectors contained Foxp1 or Foxq1 gene. After being transfected into 7721 cells, Foxp1 and Foxq1 expression were significantly down-regulated by siRNA-823 and siRNA-834. The migration and infiltration ability, and the viability of 7721 cells transfected with two siRNAs were significantly suppressed; flow cytometry assay exhibited the apoptosis rate of transfected 7721 cells with the lentivirus RNAi vector of Foxp1 or Foxq1 was increased. All the results showed that the lentivirus RNAi vectors of Foxp1 and Foxq1 were able to inhibit the expression of Foxp1 and Foxq1 in 7721 cells efficiently, and the down-regulation of either Foxp1 or Foxq1 resulted in suppression of migration, infiltration and viability of 7721 cells and an increase in cell apoptosis. Our data indicated that both Foxp1 and Foxq1 genes played an oncogenic role in hepatocarcinoma cells, which proposed the two genes as new therapeutic targets for the cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuyin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaming Zhou
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guilan Wang
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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196
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Köberle V, Kronenberger B, Pleli T, Trojan J, Imelmann E, Peveling-Oberhag J, Welker MW, Elhendawy M, Zeuzem S, Piiper A, Waidmann O. Serum microRNA-1 and microRNA-122 are prognostic markers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3442-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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197
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Zhang X, Hou J, Lu M. Regulation of hepatitis B virus replication by epigenetic mechanisms and microRNAs. Front Genet 2013; 4:202. [PMID: 24133502 PMCID: PMC3796260 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome forms a covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome that persists in the nucleus of virus-infected hepatocytes. HBV cccDNA serves as the template for viral mRNA synthesis and is subject to epigenetic regulation by several mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, were also directly connected to the epigenetic machinery through a regulatory loop. Epigenetic modifications have been shown to affect miRNA expression, and a sub-group of miRNAs (defined as epi-miRNAs) can directly target effectors of the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on the epigenetic mechanisms controlling HBV cccDNA function, primarily focusing on the epi-miRNA functions operating in HBV replication. Investigation of the epigenetic regulation of HBV replication may help to discover novel potential therapeutic targets for drug development with the goal to eradicate the HBV cccDNA pool in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhang
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China ; Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg Essen Essen, Germany
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198
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Wang J, Liu D, Liang X, Gao L, Yue X, Yang Y, Ma C, Liu J. Construction of a recombinant eukaryotic human ZHX1 gene expression plasmid and the role of ZHX1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1531-6. [PMID: 24064680 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-fingers and homeoboxes protein 1 (ZHX1) consists of 873 amino acid residues, is localized in the cell nucleus and appears to act as a transcriptional repressor. Previous studies have shown that ZHX1 interacts with nuclear factor Y subunit α (NF-YA), DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 3B and ZHX2, all of which are involved in tumorigenesis. However, the exact role of ZHX1 in tumorigenesis remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the human ZHX1 (hZHX1) gene and to investigate the biological activities of ZHX1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR) was used to amplify the N- and C-terminal fragments (ZHX1‑N and ZHX1‑C, respectively) of the hZHX1 gene. The two PCR fragments were cloned into the pEASY-T1 vector and subcloned into the pcDNA3 plasmid to generate a recombinant pcDNA3‑ZHX1 plasmid. Following identification by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing, the recombinant pcDNA3‑ZHX1 plasmid was transfected into SMMC-7721 cells. The level of ZHX1 expression was detected by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell growth curve assays were used to evaluate the effect of ZHX1 on cell proliferation. Moreover, the differential expression of ZHX1 between cancer and adjacent cirrhotic liver tissue was investigated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed the successful construction of the recombinant plasmid, pcDNA3‑ZHX1. qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that ZHX1 was efficiently expressed in SMMC-7721 cells and overexpression of ZHX1 may inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells. In addition, reduced ZHX1 expression is widespread among cancer tissues from HCC patients. In conclusion, a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid, pcDNA3‑ZHX1, was successfully constructed. In addition, the current results indicate that a low expression of ZHX1 may be responsible for hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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199
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Mayanil CS. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of neural crest induction during neurulation. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:361-72. [PMID: 24051984 DOI: 10.1159/000354749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurulation is one of the many important events in mammalian development. It is the stage of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos during which the neural tube is transformed into the primitive structures that will later develop into the central nervous system. Recent transcriptome analysis during neurulation and early organogenesis in humans and mice has identified the global dynamics of gene expression changes across developmental time. This has revealed a richer understanding of gene regulation and provides hints at the transcriptional regulatory networks that underlie these processes. Similarly, epigenome analysis, which collectively constitutes histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and other structural features associated with gene regulation, has given a renewed appreciation to the subtle mechanisms involving the process of neurulation. More specifically, the histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM6B have recently been shown to be key histone H3K4 and H3K27 modifiers that regulate neural crest specification and neural tube closure. Additionally, miRNAs have recently been shown to influence transcription of genes directly or by altering the levels of epigenetic modifiers and thus regulate gene expression. This mini review briefly summarizes the literature, highlighting the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of key genes involved in neural crest induction and neural crest specification by transcription factors and miRNAs. Understanding how these mechanisms work individually and in clusters will shed light on pathways in the context of diseases associated with neural crest cell derivatives such as melanoma, cardiovascular defects and neuronal craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
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200
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Greene CM, Varley RB, Lawless MW. MicroRNAs and liver cancer associated with iron overload: Therapeutic targets unravelled. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5212-5226. [PMID: 23983424 PMCID: PMC3752555 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i32.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a global disease that is on the increase. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for most primary liver cancers and has a notably low survival rate, largely attributable to late diagnosis, resistance to treatment, tumour recurrence and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are regulatory RNAs that modulate protein synthesis. miRNAs are involved in several biological and pathological processes including the development and progression of HCC. Given the poor outcomes with current HCC treatments, miRNAs represent an important new target for therapeutic intervention. Several studies have demonstrated their role in HCC development and progression. While many risk factors underlie the development of HCC, one process commonly altered is iron homeostasis. Iron overload occurs in several liver diseases associated with the development of HCC including Hepatitis C infection and the importance of miRNAs in iron homeostasis and hepatic iron overload is well characterised. Aberrant miRNA expression in hepatic fibrosis and injury response have been reported, as have dysregulated miRNA expression patterns affecting cell cycle progression, evasion of apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. In 2009, miR-26a delivery was shown to prevent HCC progression, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Several studies have since investigated the clinical potential of other miRNAs with one drug, Miravirsen, currently in phase II clinical trials. miRNAs also have potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC and to evaluate treatment efficacy. Ongoing studies and clinical trials suggest miRNA-based treatments and diagnostic methods will have novel clinical applications for HCC in the coming years, yielding improved HCC survival rates and patient outcomes.
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