151
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Austin SA, Katusic ZS. Partial loss of endothelial nitric oxide leads to increased cerebrovascular beta amyloid. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:392-403. [PMID: 30614363 PMCID: PMC7370614 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18822474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is present in over half of the elderly population and in 80-90% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. CAA is defined by the deposition of beta amyloid (Aβ) in small cerebral arteries and capillaries. Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with an increased incidence of CAA. We utilized 18-month-old endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) heterozygous knockout (+/-) mice, a clinically relevant model of endothelial dysfunction, to examine the role of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) in vascular Aβ accumulation. eNOS+/- mice had significantly higher vascular levels of Aβ40 (P < 0.05). Aβ42 was not detected. There was no difference in Aβ in brain tissue. Amyloid precursor protein and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 protein levels were unaltered, while levels of the α-secretase enzyme, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10, were significantly lower in eNOS + /- microvascular tissue (P < 0.05). Insulin degrading enzyme and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 were significantly increased in eNOS+/- microvascular tissue, most likely an adaptive response to locally higher Aβ concentrations. Lastly, catalase and CuZn superoxide dismutase were significantly elevated in eNOS+/- microvascular tissue (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate decreased availability of endothelial NO leads to increased cerebrovascular concentration of Aβ along with compensatory mechanisms to protect the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Austin
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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152
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Gonzalez AM, Trexler ET. Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Humans: A Review of the Current Literature. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1480-1495. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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153
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Shimokawa H, Godo S. Nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization mediated by hydrogen peroxide in health and disease. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:92-101. [PMID: 31846200 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium plays crucial roles in modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), including vasodilator prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors. Thus, endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, the contribution of EDRFs to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation varies in a distinct vessel size-dependent manner; NO mainly mediates vasodilatation of relatively large, conduit vessels (eg epicardial coronary arteries), while EDH factors in small resistance vessels (eg coronary microvessels). Endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a physiological signalling molecule serving as one of the major EDH factors especially in microcirculations and has gained increasing attention in view of its emerging relevance for cardiovascular diseases. In the clinical settings, therapeutic approaches targeting NO (eg NO donors) or non-specific elimination of reactive oxygen species (eg antioxidant supplements) are disappointingly ineffective for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, in which endothelial dysfunction and coronary microvascular dysfunction are substantially involved. These lines of evidence indicate the potential importance of the physiological balance between NO and H2 O2 /EDH factor. Further characterization and better understanding of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations are important to develop novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine. In this MiniReview, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the emerging regulatory roles of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in the cardiovascular system, with a special reference to the two major EDRFs, NO and H2 O2 /EDH factor, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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154
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Radulović S, Gottschalk B, Hörl G, Zardoya-Laguardia P, Schilcher I, Hallström S, Vujić N, Schmidt K, Trieb M, Graier WF, Malli R, Kratky D, Marsche G, Frank S. Endothelial lipase increases eNOS activating capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158612. [PMID: 31923467 PMCID: PMC7116681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) changes structural and functional properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is a relevant modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, but the effect of EL on HDL induced eNOS-activation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the impact of EL-modified HDL (EL-HDL) on eNOS activity, subcellular trafficking, and eNOS- dependent vasorelaxation. EL-HDL and empty virus (EV)-HDL as control were isolated from human serum incubated with EL-overexpressing or EV infected HepG2 cells. EL-HDL exhibited higher capacity to induce eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS activity in EA.hy 926 cells, as well as eNOS-dependent vasorelaxation of mouse aortic rings compared to control HDL. As revealed by confocal and structured illumination-microscopy EL-HDL-driven induction of eNOS was accompanied by an increased eNOS-GFP targeting to the plasma membrane and a lower eNOS-GFP colocalization with Golgi and mitochondria. Widefield microscopy of filipin stained cells revealed that EL-HDL lowered cellular free cholesterol (FC) and as found by thin-layer chromatography increased cellular cholesterol ester (CE) content. Additionally, cholesterol efflux capacity, acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and HDL particle uptake were comparable between EL-HDL and control HDL. In conclusion, EL increases eNOS activating capacity of HDL, a phenomenon accompanied by an enrichment of the plasma membrane eNOS pool, a decreased cell membrane FC and increased cellular CE content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Radulović
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pablo Zardoya-Laguardia
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Irene Schilcher
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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155
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Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: Accumulated Evidence From Observational Studies. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:327-334.e3. [PMID: 31902718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal diabetes mellitus (including pre-existing and gestational diabetes mellitus) is linked with adverse infant outcomes. However, the question of whether maternal diabetes increases the risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is unclear. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize clinical evidence to determine the association between maternal diabetes mellitus and PPHN. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies according to predefined criteria. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using fixed effects modelling. RESULTS In all, we included 7 unique studies with aggregated data on 2 million individuals and >5,000 cases of PPHN. Maternal diabetes was significantly associated with a higher risk of PPHN (risk ratio [RR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.51). Both case-control and cohort studies exhibited that the presence of maternal diabetes increased the risk of PPHN (case-control: RR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.79; cohort: RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.50). By omitting 1 study at a time, sensitivity analysis made sure that no individual study was entirely responsible for the combined results. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diabetes was associated with increased risk of PPHN. For babies with refractory hypoxemia, with mothers with diabetes, PPHN should be taken into consideration in clinical practice.
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156
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Joutel A. Prospects for Diminishing the Impact of Nonamyloid Small-Vessel Diseases of the Brain. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 60:437-456. [PMID: 31425001 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small-vessel diseases (SVDs) of the brain are involved in about one-fourth of ischemic strokes and a vast majority of intracerebral hemorrhages and are responsible for nearly half of dementia cases in the elderly. SVDs are a heavy burden for society, a burden that is expected to increase further in the absence of significant therapeutic advances, given the aging population. Here, we provide a critical appraisal of currently available therapeutic approaches for nonamyloid sporadic SVDs that are largely based on targeting modifiable risk factors. We review what is known about the pathogenic mechanisms of vascular risk factor-related SVDs and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most frequent hereditary SVD, and elaborate on two mechanism-based therapeutic approaches worth exploring in sporadic SVD and CADASIL. We conclude by discussing opportunities and challenges that need to be tackled if efforts to achieve significant therapeutic advances for these diseases are to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Joutel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, INSERM UMR1266, Paris Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France; .,DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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157
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Gupta RM, Libby P, Barton M. Linking regulation of nitric oxide to endothelin-1: The Yin and Yang of vascular tone in the atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 2020; 292:201-203. [PMID: 31810569 PMCID: PMC7447109 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat M Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Andreas Grüntzig Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland.
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158
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Greaney JL, Dillon GA, Saunders EFH, Alexander LM. Peripheral microvascular serotoninergic signaling is dysregulated in young adults with major depressive disorder. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:100-107. [PMID: 31751182 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00603.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the brain serotonergic system is implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Serotonin is also a vasoactive signaling molecule, the effects of which are modulated by both nitric oxide (NO) and the serotonin transporter [the primary target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)]. Despite its role in the neurobiology of depression, serotoninergic signaling mechanisms in the microvasculature of adults with MDD are unknown. We hypothesized that 1) cutaneous microvascular responsiveness to serotonin would be attenuated in MDD and mediated by reductions in both 2) NO-dependent and 3) serotonin reuptake-dependent mechanisms. In 12 adults with MDD (nonmedicated) and 12 nondepressed adults, red cell flux (laser-Doppler flowmetry) was measured during graded intradermal microdialysis perfusion of 1) serotonin (10-10 to 10-1 mol/L) alone and in combination with a nonselective NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 15 mmol/L) and the SSRI paroxetine (10 μmol/L); and 2) paroxetine (n = 6; 10-9 to 10-2 M) alone and in combination with l-NAME. Serotonin-induced vasodilation was preserved in MDD. The NO-dependent component of serotonin-induced vasodilation was not different between groups. Paroxetine augmented vasodilatory responsiveness to serotonin via NO-dependent mechanisms in both groups; however, the magnitude was blunted in MDD. The NO contribution to direct paroxetine-induced vasodilation was also reduced in adults with MDD. Collectively, these preliminary data suggest that cutaneous microvascular serotoninergic signaling is dysregulated in adults with MDD and mediated by NO-dependent and serotonin reuptake-dependent mechanisms, providing initial mechanistic insight to the purported vasculoprotective effect of chronic SSRI treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cutaneous microvascular vasodilatory responsiveness to serotonin was preserved in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the contribution of serotonin reuptake-dependent mechanisms to serotonin-induced dilation was reduced in MDD. Direct perfusion of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine elicited vasodilation that is partially mediated by nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanisms, but these responses were blunted in MDD, reflective of a diminished contribution of NO to the direct effects of a SSRI on the cutaneous microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Greaney
- Noll Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Gabrielle A Dillon
- Noll Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Erika F H Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Noll Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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159
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Li B, Cheng X, Guan ZY, Li SY, Huo T, Cheng G, Fan YH, Zhou FS, Deng QH. Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric nitrooxylation of β-keto esters/amides with a benziodoxole-derived nitrooxy transfer reagent. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric nitrooxylation to afford a series of α-nitrooxy β-keto esters/amides in high yields and with low to moderate enantioselectivities has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Guan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Si-Yuan Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Huo
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Fan
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Fang-Shuai Zhou
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Deng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Shanghai Normal University
- Shanghai 200234
- P. R. China
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160
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Basic Concepts of the Microcirculation. Microcirculation 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28199-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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161
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Abstract
The microcirculation maintains tissue homeostasis through local regulation of blood flow and oxygen delivery. Perturbations in microvascular function are characteristic of several diseases and may be early indicators of pathological changes in the cardiovascular system and in parenchymal tissue function. These changes are often mediated by various reactive oxygen species and linked to disruptions in pathways such as vasodilation or angiogenesis. This overview compiles recent advances relating to redox regulation of the microcirculation by adopting both cellular and functional perspectives. Findings from a variety of vascular beds and models are integrated to describe common effects of different reactive species on microvascular function. Gaps in understanding and areas for further research are outlined. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:229-260, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Kadlec
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine-Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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162
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Khan M, Dhammu TS, Qiao F, Kumar P, Singh AK, Singh I. S-Nitrosoglutathione Mimics the Beneficial Activity of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Derived Nitric Oxide in a Mouse Model of Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104470. [PMID: 31680031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nitric oxide (NO)-producing activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a significant role in maintaining endothelial function and protecting against the stroke injury. However, the activity of the eNOS enzyme and the metabolism of major NO metabolite S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are dysregulated after stroke, causing endothelial dysfunction. We investigated whether an administration of exogenous of GSNO or enhancing the level of endogenous GSNO protects against neurovascular injury in wild-type (WT) and eNOS-null (endothelial dysfunction) mouse models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR). METHODS Transient cerebral ischemic injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 minutes in male adult WT and eNOS null mice. GSNO (0.1 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) or N6022 (GSNO reductase inhibitor, 5.0 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) was administered 30 minutes before MCAO in preinjury and at the reperfusion in postinjury studies. Brain infarctions, edema, and neurobehavioral functions were evaluated at 24 hours after the reperfusion. RESULTS eNOS-null mice had a higher degree (P< .05) of injury than WT. Pre- or postinjury treatment with either GSNO or N6022 significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological and sensorimotor function in both WT and eNOS-null mice. CONCLUSION Reduced brain infarctions and edema, and improved neurobehavioral functions by pre- or postinjury GSNO treatment of eNOS knock out mice indicate that GSNO can attenuate IR injury, likely by mimicking the eNOS-derived NO-dependent anti-ischemic and anti-inflammatory functions. Neurovascular protection by GSNO/N6022 in both pre- and postischemic injury groups support GSNO as a promising drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of stroke injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
| | - Tajinder S Dhammu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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163
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- University of Zürich and Andreas Grüntzig Foundation Zürich Switzerland
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Roma Italy
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164
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Boulanger CM, Baretella O, Blaise G, Bond RA, Cai Y, Chan CKY, Chataigneau T, Chen MJ, Chen H, Cheng Y, Clement DL, Cohen RA, Collis M, Danser AHJ, de Mey J, Detremmerie CMS, Duprez D, Feletou M, Flavahan N, Gao Y, Guo Y, Hoeffner U, Houston DS, Huang IB, Huang Y, Iliano S, Junquero D, Katusic ZS, Komori K, Lee MYK, Leung SWS, Li Z, Liang SC, Liu JTC, Luscher TF, Michel F, Miller VM, Mombouli JV, Morrison K, Muldoon SM, O'Rourke S, Perrault L, Quignard JF, Rusch NJ, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Schini-Kerth V, Shen K, Shi Y, Song E, Sun KWY, Taddei S, Tang EHC, Tuncer M, van den Ende R, Vedernikov Y, Verbeuren TJ, Webb C, Weigert A, Wong KHK, Xu C, Yang K, Ying F, Zellers T, Zhao Y, Zou Q, Shimokawa H. Tribute to Paul M. Vanhoutte, MD, PhD (1940-2019). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2445-2447. [PMID: 31770032 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yin Cai
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jo de Mey
- University of Southern Denmark (J.D.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yumeng Guo
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Ute Hoeffner
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Gröbenzell, Germany (U.H.)
| | | | | | - Yu Huang
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC (I.B.H., Y.H., F.Y.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Y K Lee
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Susan W S Leung
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.L.)
| | - Sophie Chaofan Liang
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Jacky Tsz Chiu Liu
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Thomas F Luscher
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, London, United Kingdom (T.F.L.)
| | - Frederic Michel
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.M.)
| | | | | | - Keith Morrison
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland (K.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy J Rusch
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (N.J.R.)
| | | | | | - Kaikai Shen
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China (K.S.)
| | - Yi Shi
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, China (Y.S.)
| | - Erfei Song
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (E.S.)
| | - Kiwi W Y Sun
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | | | - Eva Hoi Ching Tang
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Weigert
- Hospital S. Cruz, University of Lisbon, Portugal (A.W.)
| | - Kenneth H K Wong
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
| | - Cheng Xu
- Shenzhen University, China (C.X.)
| | | | - Fan Ying
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC (I.B.H., Y.H., F.Y.)
| | - Thomas Zellers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (T.Z.)
| | - Yingzi Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Qian Zou
- University of Hong Kong, PRC (Y. Cai, H.C., Y. Cheng, Y. Guo, M.Y.K.L., S.W.S.L., S.C.L., J.T.C.L., K.W.Y.S., E.H.C.T., K.H.K.W., Q.Z.)
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165
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Shimokawa H, Nagao T, Komori K. Tribute to Paul M. Vanhoutte, MD, PhD - 1940-2019. Circ J 2019; 83:2391-2393. [PMID: 31656271 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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166
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Chen H, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Vascular adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase: Enhancer, brake or both? Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 127:81-91. [PMID: 31671245 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), expressed/present ubiquitously in the body, contributes to metabolic regulation. In the vasculature, activation of AMPK is associated with several beneficial biological effects including enhancement of vasodilatation, reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of inflammatory reactions. The vascular protective effects of certain anti-diabetic (metformin and sitagliptin) or lipid-lowering (simvastatin and fenofibrate) therapeutic agents, of active components of Chinese medicinal herbs (resveratrol and berberine) and of pharmacological agents (AICAR, A769662 and PT1) have been attributed to the activation of AMPK (in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and/or perivascular adipocytes), independently of changes in the metabolic profile (eg glucose tolerance and/or plasma lipoprotein levels), leading to improved endothelium-derived nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation and attenuated endothelium-derived cyclooxygenase-dependent vasoconstriction. By contrast, endothelial AMPK activation with pharmacological agents or by genetic modification is associated with reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations in small blood vessels and elevated systolic blood pressure. Indeed, AMPK activators inhibit endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-type relaxations in superior mesenteric arteries, partly by inhibiting endothelial calcium-activated potassium channel signalling. Therefore, AMPK activation is not necessarily beneficial in terms of endothelial function. The contribution of endothelial AMPK in the regulation of vascular tone, in particular in the microvasculature where EDH plays a more important role, remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Michel Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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167
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, London, UK.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Heart House-Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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168
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Zhu F, Zhou C, Wen Z, Wang DW. DDAH1 promoter -396 4N insertion variant is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a gender-dependent manner. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1011. [PMID: 31733101 PMCID: PMC6978400 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases, making it a contributing factor for diabetes. Endogenous ADMA is hydrolyzed by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), and a DDAH1 promoter ‐396 4N deletion/insertion polymorphism (DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT) regulates its transcriptional activity. This study aimed to explore the association between this polymorphism and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods In a case–control study, all participants were genotyped for this polymorphism within two sets of populations (discovery: 1,227 T2DM patients and 1,339 controls; replication: 1,190 patients and 1,651 controls). The disease association was assessed by a unconditional logistic regression model. Homeostasis model assessment calculations were conducted among different genotypes. Results We identified that DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT insertion allele was significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM (discovery: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.128–1.687, p = .002; replication: OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.007–1.504, p = .043). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was increased in participants carrying Ins/Ins alleles (p = .0452). Interestingly, the insertion allele increased the risk of T2DM in males but not in females (male discovery: OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.141–2.047, p = .004; replication: OR = 1.439, 95% CI = 1.083–1.911, p = .012; female discovery: OR = 1.218, 95% CI = 0.913–1.626, p = .18; replication: OR = 1.161, 95% CI = 0.871–1.548, p = .308). Conclusion The DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT insertion allele is associated with increased risk of T2DM in a gender‐dependent manner, affects males but not females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasheng Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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169
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John CM, Khaddaj Mallat R, Mishra RC, George G, Singh V, Turnbull JD, Umeshappa CS, Kendrick DJ, Kim T, Fauzi FM, Visser F, Fedak PWM, Wulff H, Braun AP. SKA-31, an activator of Ca 2+-activated K + channels, improves cardiovascular function in aging. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104539. [PMID: 31707036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and is associated with complex structural and functional alterations in the vasculature, such as endothelial dysfunction. Small- and intermediate-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, respectively) are prominently expressed in the vascular endothelium, and pharmacological activators of these channels induce robust vasodilation upon acute exposure in isolated arteries and intact animals. However, the effects of prolonged in vivo administration of such compounds are unknown. In our study, we hypothesized that such treatment would ameliorate aging-related cardiovascular deficits. Aged (∼18 months) male Sprague Dawley rats were treated daily with either vehicle or the KCa channel activator SKA-31 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection; n = 6/group) for 8 weeks, followed by echocardiography, arterial pressure myography, immune cell and plasma cytokine characterization, and tissue histology. Our results show that SKA-31 administration improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reduced agonist-induced vascular contractility, and prevented the aging-associated declines in cardiac ejection fraction, stroke volume and fractional shortening, and further improved the expression of endothelial KCa channels and associated cell signalling components to levels similar to those observed in young male rats (∼5 months at end of study). SKA-31 administration did not promote pro-inflammatory changes in either T cell populations or plasma cytokines/chemokines, and we observed no overt tissue histopathology in heart, kidney, aorta, brain, liver and spleen. SKA-31 treatment in young rats had little to no effect on vascular reactivity, select protein expression, tissue histology, plasma cytokines/chemokines or immune cell properties. Collectively, these data demonstrate that administration of the KCa channel activator SKA-31 improved aging-related cardiovascular function, without adversely affecting the immune system or promoting tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cini Mathew John
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rayan Khaddaj Mallat
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Ramesh C Mishra
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Grace George
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jeannine D Turnbull
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Channakeshava S Umeshappa
- Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Dylan J Kendrick
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Taeyeob Kim
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Fazlin M Fauzi
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
| | - Frank Visser
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Heike Wulff
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
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170
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Leo CH, Ng HH, Marshall SA, Jelinic M, Rupasinghe T, Qin C, Roessner U, Ritchie RH, Tare M, Parry LJ. Relaxin reduces endothelium-derived vasoconstriction in hypertension: Revealing new therapeutic insights. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:217-233. [PMID: 31479151 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelium-derived vasoconstriction is a hallmark of vascular dysfunction in hypertension. In some cases, an overproduction of endothelium-derived prostacyclin (PGI2 ) can cause contraction rather than relaxation. Relaxin is well known for its vasoprotective actions, but the possibility that this peptide could also reverse endothelium-derived vasoconstriction has never been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that short-term relaxin treatment mitigates endothelium-derived vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were subcutaneously infused with either vehicle (20 mmol·L-1 sodium acetate) or relaxin (13.3 μg·kg-1 ·hr-1 ) using osmotic minipumps for 3 days. Vascular reactivity to the endothelium-dependent agonist ACh was assessed in vitro by wire myography. Quantitative PCR and LC-MS were used to identify changes in gene expression of prostanoid pathways and PG production, respectively. KEY RESULTS Relaxin treatment ameliorated hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction by increasing NO-dependent relaxation and reducing endothelium-dependent contraction. Notably, short-term relaxin treatment up-regulated mesenteric PGI2 receptor (IP) expression, permitting PGI2 -IP-mediated vasorelaxation. In the aorta, reversal of contraction was accompanied by suppression of the hypertension-induced increase in prostanoid-producing enzymes and reduction in PGI2 -evoked contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Relaxin has region-dependent vasoprotective actions in hypertension. Specifically, relaxin has distinct effects on endothelium-derived contracting factors and their associated vasoconstrictor pathways in mesenteric arteries and the aorta. Taken together, these observations reveal the potential of relaxin as a new therapeutic agent for vascular disorders that are associated with endothelium-derived vasoconstriction including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huei Leo
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marianne Tare
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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171
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Engineer A, Saiyin T, Greco ER, Feng Q. Say NO to ROS: Their Roles in Embryonic Heart Development and Pathogenesis of Congenital Heart Defects in Maternal Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100436. [PMID: 31581464 PMCID: PMC6826639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most prevalent and serious birth defect, occurring in 1% of all live births. Pregestational maternal diabetes is a known risk factor for the development of CHDs, elevating the risk in the child by more than four-fold. As the prevalence of diabetes rapidly rises among women of childbearing age, there is a need to investigate the mechanisms and potential preventative strategies for these defects. In experimental animal models of pregestational diabetes induced-CHDs, upwards of 50% of offspring display congenital malformations of the heart, including septal, valvular, and outflow tract defects. Specifically, the imbalance of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling is a major driver of the development of CHDs in offspring of mice with pregestational diabetes. NO from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is crucial to cardiogenesis, regulating various cellular and molecular processes. In fact, deficiency in eNOS results in CHDs and coronary artery malformation. Embryonic hearts from diabetic dams exhibit eNOS uncoupling and oxidative stress. Maternal treatment with sapropterin, a cofactor of eNOS, and antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and glutathione as well as maternal exercise have been shown to improve eNOS function, reduce oxidative stress, and lower the incidence CHDs in the offspring of mice with pregestational diabetes. This review summarizes recent data on pregestational diabetes-induced CHDs, and offers insights into the important roles of NO and ROS in embryonic heart development and pathogenesis of CHDs in maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Engineer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Tana Saiyin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth R Greco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Alruwaili N, Kandhi S, Sun D, Wolin MS. Metabolism and Redox in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:752-769. [PMID: 30403147 PMCID: PMC6708269 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: This review considers how some systems controlling pulmonary vascular function are potentially regulated by redox processes to examine how and why conditions such as prolonged hypoxia, pathological mediators, and other factors promoting vascular remodeling contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Aspects of vascular remodeling induction mechanisms described are associated with shifts in glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and increased cytosolic NADPH generation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, increased glycolysis generation of cytosolic NADH and lactate, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with superoxide dismutase-2 depletion, changes in reactive oxygen species and iron metabolism, and redox signaling. Future Directions: The regulation and impact of hypoxia-inducible factor and the function of cGMP-dependent and redox regulation of protein kinase G are considered for their potential roles as key sensors and coordinators of redox and metabolic processes controlling the progression of vascular pathophysiology in PH, and how modulating aspects of metabolic and redox regulatory systems potentially function in beneficial therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alruwaili
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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173
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Jiang S, Wang X, Wei J, Zhang G, Zhang J, Xie P, Xu L, Wang L, Zhao L, Li L, Wilcox CS, Chen J, Lai EY, Liu R. NaHCO 3 Dilates Mouse Afferent Arteriole Via Na +/HCO 3- Cotransporters NBCs. Hypertension 2019; 74:1104-1112. [PMID: 31522618 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sodium bicarbonate has long been used to treat chronic kidney disease. It has been demonstrated to slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease patient; however, the mechanisms are not completely understood. We hypothesized that NaHCO3 dilates afferent arterioles (Af-Art) by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) release mediated by the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC) contributing to the elevation in glomerular filtration rate. Isolated microperfused mouse renal Af-Art, preconstricted with norepinephrine (1 µmol/L), dilated 45±2% (n=6, P<0.05) in response to NaHCO3 (44 mmol/L). Whereas, NaCl solution containing the same Na+ concentration was not effective. The mRNA for NBCn1 and NBCe1 were detected in microdissected Af-Art using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The Af-Art intracellular pH measured with 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6) carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester increased significantly by 0.29±0.02 (n=6; P<0.05) in the presence of NaHCO3, which was blunted by N-cyanosulphonamide compound (S0859) that is an inhibitor of the NBC family. After clamping the intracellular pH with 10 μM nigericin, changing the bath solution pH from 7.4 to 7.8 still dilates the Af-Art by 53±4% (n=7; P<0.005) and increases NO generation by 22±3% (n=7; P<0.005). Both pH-induced NO generation and vasodilation were blocked by L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester. NaHCO3 increased NO generation in Af-Art by 19±4% (n=5; P<0.005) and elevated glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice by 36% (233 versus 318 ul/min; n=9-10; P<0.0001). S0859 and L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester blocked NaHCO3-induced increases in NO generation and vasodilation. We conclude that NBCn1 and NBCe1 are expressed in Af-Art and that NaHCO3 dilates Af-Art via NBCs mediated by NO that increases the glomerular filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.).,Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (X.W.)
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Peng Xie
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa (L.X.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (L.Z., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (L.Z., E.Y.L.)
| | - Lingli Li
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., C.S.W.)
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Hypertension Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC (L.L., C.S.W.)
| | - Jianghua Chen
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.)
| | - En Yin Lai
- From Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (S.J., G.Z., P.X., L.Z., L.L., J.C., E.Y.L.).,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, China (L.Z., E.Y.L.).,Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (L.Z., E.Y.L.)
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa (S.J., X.W., J.W., G.Z., J.Z., L.W., R.L.)
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174
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Ying L, Li N, He Z, Zeng X, Nan Y, Chen J, Miao P, Ying Y, Lin W, Zhao X, Lu L, Chen M, Cen W, Guo T, Li X, Huang Z, Wang Y. Fibroblast growth factor 21 Ameliorates diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction in mouse aorta via activation of the CaMKK2/AMPKα signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:665. [PMID: 31511499 PMCID: PMC6739326 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction initiates and exacerbates hypertension, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications in diabetic mellitus. FGF21 is a hormone that mediates a number of beneficial effects relevant to metabolic disorders and their associated complications. Nevertheless, it remains unclear as to whether FGF21 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the effect of FGF21 on endothelial function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We found that FGF21 reduced hyperglycemia and ameliorated insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice, an effect that was totally lost in type 1 diabetic mice. However, FGF21 activated AMPKα, suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aorta in both types, suggesting a mechanism that is independent of its glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects. In vitro, we identified a direct action of FGF21 on endothelial cells of the aorta, in which it bounds to FGF receptors to alleviate impaired endothelial function challenged with high glucose. Furthermore, the CaMKK2-AMPKα signaling pathway was activated to suppress oxidative stress. Apart from its anti-oxidative capacity, FGF21 activated eNOS to dilate the aorta via CaMKK2/AMPKα activation. Our data suggest expanded potential uses of FGF21 for the treatment of vascular diseases in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ying
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyue He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, 629000, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Nan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiantong Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peipei Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Second People's Hospital of Pingyang, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunyun Ying
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital & School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengke Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital & School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Cen
- The First Affiliated Hospital & School of the First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tonglin Guo
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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175
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Higashi Y. Coffee and Endothelial Function: A Coffee Paradox? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092104. [PMID: 31487926 PMCID: PMC6770186 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a popular beverage throughout the world. Coffee contains various chemical compounds (e.g., caffeine, chlorogenic acids, hydroxyhydroquinone, kahweol, cafestol, and complex chemical mixtures). Caffeine is also the most widely consumed pharmacological substance in the world and is included in various beverages (e.g., coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks), products containing chocolate, and drugs. The effects of coffee and caffeine on cardiovascular diseases remain controversial. It is well known that there are J-curve-type or U-curve-type associations of coffee consumption with cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction and stroke. However, there is little information on the direct and indirect effects of coffee consumption on endothelial function in humans. It is likely that the coffee paradox or caffeine paradox exists the association of coffee intake with cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular outcomes, and endothelial function. This review focusses on the effects of coffee and caffeine on endothelial function from molecular mechanisms to clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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176
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Ottolini M, Hong K, Sonkusare SK. Calcium signals that determine vascular resistance. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1448. [PMID: 30884210 PMCID: PMC6688910 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small arteries in the body control vascular resistance, and therefore, blood pressure and blood flow. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls respond to various stimuli by altering the vascular resistance on a moment to moment basis. Smooth muscle cells can directly influence arterial diameter by contracting or relaxing, whereas endothelial cells that line the inner walls of the arteries modulate the contractile state of surrounding smooth muscle cells. Cytosolic calcium is a key driver of endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions. Cytosolic calcium can be increased either by calcium release from intracellular stores through IP3 or ryanodine receptors, or the influx of extracellular calcium through ion channels at the cell membrane. Depending on the cell type, spatial localization, source of a calcium signal, and the calcium-sensitive target activated, a particular calcium signal can dilate or constrict the arteries. Calcium signals in the vasculature can be classified into several types based on their source, kinetics, and spatial and temporal properties. The calcium signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle and endothelial cells have been extensively studied in the native or freshly isolated cells, therefore, this review is limited to the discussions of studies in native or freshly isolated cells. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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177
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Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Hypoxic augmentation: The tale of a strange contraction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 127:59-66. [PMID: 31310708 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost fifty years ago, experiments on isolated veins showed that acute hypoxia augments venoconstrictor responses in vitro and that such facilitation relied on anaerobic glycolysis. Over the years, this phenomenon was extended to a number of arterial preparations of different species and revisited, from a mechanistic point of view, with the successive demonstration that it depends on calcium handling in the vascular smooth muscle cells, is endothelium-dependent and requires the production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). However, rather than the vasodilator cyclic nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), its canonical product, the latter enzyme produces 3',5'-cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) instead during acute hypoxia; this non-canonical cyclic nucleotide facilitates the contractile process in the vascular smooth muscle cells. This 'biased' activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase appears to involve stimulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1). The exact interactions between hypoxia, anaerobic metabolism and NQO-1 leading to biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Michel Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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178
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L-arginine and Arginase Products Potentiate Dexmedetomidine-induced Contractions in the Rat Aorta. Anesthesiology 2019; 128:564-573. [PMID: 29251642 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The α2-adrenergic sedative/anesthetic agent dexmedetomidine exerts biphasic effects on isolated arteries, causing endothelium-dependent relaxations at concentrations at or below 30 nM, followed by contractions at higher concentrations. L-arginine is a common substrate of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and arginases. This study was designed to investigate the role of L-arginine in modulating the overall vascular response to dexmedetomidine. METHODS Isometric tension was measured in isolated aortic rings of Sprague Dawley rats. Cumulative concentrations of dexmedetomidine (10 nM to 10 μM) were added to quiescent rings (with and without endothelium) after previous incubation with vehicle, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), prazosin (α1-adrenergic antagonist), rauwolscine (α2-adrenergic antagonist), L-arginine, (S)-(2-boronethyl)-L-cysteine hydrochloride (arginase inhibitor), N-hydroxy-L-arginine (arginase inhibitor), urea and/or ornithine. In some preparations, immunofluorescent staining, immunoblotting, or measurement of urea content were performed. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine did not contract control rings with endothelium but evoked concentration-dependent increases in tension in such rings treated with L-NAME (Emax 50 ± 4%) or after endothelium-removal (Emax 74 ± 5%; N = 7 to 12). Exogenous L-arginine augmented the dexmedetomidine-induced contractions in the presence of L-NAME (Emax 75 ± 3%). This potentiation was abolished by (S)-(2-boronethyl)-L-cysteine hydrochloride (Emax 16 ± 4%) and N-hydroxy-L-arginine (Emax 18 ± 4%). Either urea or ornithine, the downstream arginase products, had a similar potentiating effect as L-arginine. Immunoassay measurements demonstrated an upregulation of arginase I by L-arginine treatment in the presence of L-NAME (N = 4). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that when vascular nitric oxide homeostasis is impaired, the potentiation of the vasoconstrictor effect of dexmedetomidine by L-arginine depends on arginase activity and the production of urea and ornithine.
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179
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Chen H, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Acute activation of endothelial AMPK surprisingly inhibits endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization-like relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2905-2921. [PMID: 31116877 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations (EDHs) contribute to the regulation of peripheral resistance. They are initiated through opening of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa ); the potassium ions released then diffuse to the underlying smooth muscle cells, causing hyperpolarization and thus relaxation. The present study aimed to examine whether or not AMPK modulates EDH-like relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Arterial rings were isolated for isometric tension recording. AMPK activity and protein level were measured by ELISA and western blotting respectively. KEY RESULTS The AMPK activator, AICAR, reduced ACh-induced EDH-like relaxations and increased AMPK activity in preparations with endothelium; these responses were prevented by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. AICAR inhibited relaxations induced by SKA-31 (opener of endothelial KCa ) but did not affect potassium-induced, hyperpolarization-attributable relaxations or increase AMPK activity in preparations without endothelium. A769662, another AMPK activator, not only caused a similar inhibition of relaxations to ACh and SKA-31 in preparations with endothelium but also inhibited hyperpolarization-attributable relaxations and augmented AMPK activity in rings without endothelium. Protein levels of total AMPKα, AMPKα1, or AMPKβ1/2 were comparable between preparations with and without endothelium. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of endothelial AMPK, by either AICAR or A769662, acutely inhibits EDH-like relaxations of rat mesenteric arteries. Furthermore, A769662 inhibits signalling downstream of smooth muscle hyperpolarization. In view of the major blunting effect of AMPK activation on EDH-like relaxations, caution should be applied when administering therapeutic agents that activate AMPK in patients with endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced production and/or bioavailability of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Susan W S Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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180
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The endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor: Contributions to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107387. [PMID: 31271793 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death for both men and women. The observation that premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular disease relative to age-matched men, and that this protection is lost with menopause, has led to extensive study of the role of sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular basis for sex differences in cardiovascular disease is still not fully understood, limiting the ability to tailor therapies to male and female patients. Therefore, there is a growing need to investigate molecular pathways outside of traditional sex hormone signaling to fully understand sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence points to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a steroid hormone receptor activated by the adrenal hormone aldosterone, as one such mediator of cardiovascular disease risk, potentially serving as a sex-dependent link between cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Enhanced activation of the MR by aldosterone is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence implicates the MR specifically within the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels in mediating some of the sex differences observed in cardiovascular pathology. This review summarizes the available clinical and preclinical literature concerning the role of the MR in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure, with a special emphasis on sex differences in the role of endothelial-specific MR in these pathologies. The available data regarding the molecular mechanisms by which endothelial-specific MR may contribute to sex differences in cardiovascular disease is also summarized. A paradigm emerges from synthesis of the literature in which endothelial-specific MR regulates vascular function in a sex-dependent manner in response to cardiovascular risk factors to contribute to disease. Limitations in this field include the relative paucity of women in clinical trials and, until recently, the nearly exclusive use of male animals in preclinical investigations. Enhanced understanding of the sex-specific roles of endothelial MR could lead to novel mechanistic insights underlying sex differences in cardiovascular disease incidence and outcomes and could identify additional therapeutic targets to effectively treat cardiovascular disease in men and women.
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181
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Balcilar C, Ozakca-Gunduz I, Altan VM. Contributions of Rho-kinase and AMP-related kinase signaling pathways to responses mediated by endothelium-derived contracting factors in diabetic rat aorta. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:600-610. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced endothelial damage leads to vascular dysfunction. The current study investigated the effects of short-term (4-week) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on responses mediated by endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs) as well as possible contributions of Rho-kinase and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The effects of STZ-diabetes on vascular function were examined in isolated thoracic aorta preparations of 30-week-old rats (n = 27). The diabetes-associated changes in vascular function were studied with calcium ionophore A23187, acetylcholine, Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 ((R)-(+)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride), and AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside). The phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, AMPK, and phospholamban and the protein levels of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCKII) were measured in aortic preparations. Although the acetylcholine-mediated relaxation responses were preserved in 4-week STZ-induced diabetes, the increased activation of the Rho-kinase pathway was demonstrated via twofold enhancement in A23187-mediated contractile responses and significantly augmented protein levels of ROCKII. The AICAR-activated AMPK-mediated relaxation response was also augmented ∼4-fold in diabetic rats, without any alteration in phospholamban phosphorylation; further, this relaxation response suppressed A23187-mediated contraction in both groups. Diabetic rats showed an increase in AICAR-induced AMPK-mediated vasorelaxation and a 2.5-fold elevation of phosphorylated AMPK levels. These results indicate a possible compensation between hyperglycemia-induced endothelium-dependent hypercontractility and AMPK-mediated vasorelaxation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cennet Balcilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Isil Ozakca-Gunduz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - V. Melih Altan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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182
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Cheng D, Talib J, Stanley CP, Rashid I, Michaëlsson E, Lindstedt EL, Croft KD, Kettle AJ, Maghzal GJ, Stocker R. Inhibition of MPO (Myeloperoxidase) Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1448-1457. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Inflammation-driven endothelial dysfunction initiates and contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis, and MPO (myeloperoxidase) has been implicated as a potential culprit. On release by circulating phagocytes, MPO is thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction by limiting NO bioavailability via formation of reactive oxidants including hypochlorous acid. However, it remains largely untested whether specific pharmacological inhibition of MPO attenuates endothelial dysfunction. We, therefore, tested the ability of a mechanism-based MPO inhibitor, AZM198, to inhibit endothelial dysfunction in models of vascular inflammation.
Approach and Results—
Three models of inflammation were used: femoral cuff, the tandem stenosis model of plaque rupture in
Apoe
−/−
mice, and C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet as a model of insulin resistance. Endothelial dysfunction was observed in all 3 models, and oral administration of AZM198 significantly improved endothelial function in the femoral cuff and tandem stenosis models only. Improvement in endothelial function was associated with decreased arterial MPO activity, determined by the in vivo conversion of hydroethidine to 2-chloroethidium, without affecting circulating inflammatory cytokines or arterial MPO content. Mechanistic studies in
Mpo
−/−
mice confirmed the contribution of MPO to endothelial dysfunction and revealed oxidation of sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase) as the underlying cause of the observed limited NO bioavailability.
Conclusions—
Pharmacological inhibition of MPO is a potential strategy to limit endothelial dysfunction in vascular inflammation.
Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cheng
- From the Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., I.R., G.J.M., R.S.)
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., R.S.)
| | - Jihan Talib
- From the Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., I.R., G.J.M., R.S.)
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., R.S.)
| | - Christopher P. Stanley
- From the Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., I.R., G.J.M., R.S.)
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., R.S.)
| | - Imran Rashid
- From the Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., I.R., G.J.M., R.S.)
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (E.M., E.-L.L.)
| | - Eva-Lotte Lindstedt
- Bioscience Heart Failure, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (E.M., E.-L.L.)
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Perth (K.D.C.)
| | - Anthony J. Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand (A.J.K.)
| | - Ghassan J. Maghzal
- From the Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., I.R., G.J.M., R.S.)
| | - Roland Stocker
- From the Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, NSW, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., I.R., G.J.M., R.S.)
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Australia (D.C., J.T., C.P.S., R.S.)
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183
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Payen D. Inhaled nitric oxide for safer use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier infusion (HBOC): A new indication? J Crit Care 2019; 51:217-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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184
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Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:120-136. [PMID: 31153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomotor tone during the progression towards brain stem death. The second lesson is that, by having different cellular sources, regulatory mechanisms on synthesis and degradation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and downstream signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species should not be regarded as a singular moiety. The third lesson is that well-defined differential roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress with distinct regulatory mechanisms in the RVLM during neurogenic hypertension and brain stem death clearly denote that they are not interchangeable phenomena with unified cellular actions. Special attention must be paid to their beneficial or detrimental roles under a specific disease or a particular time-window of that disease. The fourth lesson is that, to be successful, future antioxidant therapies against neurogenic hypertension must take into consideration the much more complicated picture than that presented in this review on the generation, maintenance, regulation or modulation of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. The identification that the progression towards brain stem death entails a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM may open a new vista for therapeutic intervention to slow down this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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185
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Ryu B, Jiang Y, Jang JT, Jeon YJ, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Improved Blood Circulation in Diet-Induced Obese and Diet-Induced Hypertension Mouse Models. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E272. [PMID: 31071969 PMCID: PMC6562948 DOI: 10.3390/md17050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood circulation disorders, such as hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, are not easily cured by dietary supplements, but they can be mitigated. Although Ecklonia cava extract (ECE), as dietary supplements, are associated with improving the conditions, there are not many studies verifying the same. In this study, the beneficial effect of ECE and leaf of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), which is a well-known dietary supplement, were first confirmed in a diet induced-obese model. Afterwards, 4 phlorotannins were isolated from ECE, and their inhibitory effects on vascular cell dysfunction were validated. Pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) was selected to be orally administered in two mice models: the diet induced obese model and diet induced hypertension model. After four weeks of administration, the blood pressure of all mice was measured, after which they were subsequently sacrificed. PPB was found to significantly improve blood circulation, including a reduction of adhesion molecule expression, endothelial cell (EC) death, excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, blood pressure, and lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Based on the excellent efficacy in diet-induced mouse models of obese and hypertension, our results demonstrate that PPB is a valuable active compound from among the phlorotannins that were isolated and it has the potential to be used in functional foods for improving the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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186
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Vanhoutte PM. Endothelial muscarinic M 3 -receptors: A Σ-target? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13273. [PMID: 30848554 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Technologies, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
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187
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Zhao Y, Ge J, Li X, Guo Q, Zhu Y, Song J, Zhang L, Ding S, Yang X, Li R. Vasodilatory effect of formaldehyde via the NO/cGMP pathway and the regulation of expression of K ATP, BK Ca and L-type Ca 2+ channels. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:55-64. [PMID: 30974163 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA), a well-known toxic gas molecule similar to nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is widely produced endogenously via numerous biochemical pathways, and has a number of physiological roles in the biosystem. We attempted to investigate the vasorelaxant effects of FA and their underlying mechanisms. We found that FA induced vasorelaxant effects on rat aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. The NO/cyclic guanosine 5' monophosphate (cGMP) pathway was up-regulated when the rat aortas were treated with FA. The expression of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel subunits α and β of the rat aortas was increased by FA. Similarly, the levels of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunits Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 were also up-regulated when the rat aortas were incubated with FA. In contrast, levels of the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) subunits, Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, decreased dramatically with increasing concentrations of FA. We demonstrated that the regulation of FA on vascular contractility may be via the up-regulation of the NO/cGMP pathway and the modulation of ion channels, including the upregulated expression of the KATP and BKCa channels and the inhibited expression of LTCCs. Further study is needed to explore the in-depth mechanisms of FA induced vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jing Ge
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Qing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China; School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Shumao Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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188
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Gaynullina DK, Schubert R, Tarasova OS. Changes in Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production in Systemic Vessels during Early Ontogenesis-A Key Mechanism for the Perinatal Adaptation of the Circulatory System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061421. [PMID: 30901816 PMCID: PMC6472151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced in the wall of blood vessels is necessary for the regulation of vascular tone to ensure an adequate blood supply of organs and tissues. In this review, we present evidence that the functioning of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) changes considerably during postnatal maturation. Alterations in NO-ergic vasoregulation in early ontogeny vary between vascular beds and correlate with the functional reorganization of a particular organ. Importantly, the anticontractile effect of NO can be an important mechanism responsible for the protectively low blood pressure in the immature circulatory system. The activity of eNOS is regulated by a number of hormones, including thyroid hormones which are key regulators of the perinatal developmental processes. Maternal thyroid hormone deficiency suppresses the anticontractile effect of NO at perinatal age. Such alterations disturb perinatal cardiovascular homeostasis and lead to delayed occurring cardiovascular pathologies in adulthood. The newly discovered role of thyroid hormones may have broad implications in cardiovascular medicine, considering the extremely high prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism in human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina K Gaynullina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
- Department of Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Olga S Tarasova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation-Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123007, Russia.
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189
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Jansson L, Carlsson PO. Pancreatic Blood Flow with Special Emphasis on Blood Perfusion of the Islets of Langerhans. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:799-837. [PMID: 30892693 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets are more richly vascularized than the exocrine pancreas, and possess a 5- to 10-fold higher basal and stimulated blood flow, which is separately regulated. This is reflected in the vascular anatomy of the pancreas where islets have separate arterioles. There is also an insulo-acinar portal system, where numerous venules connect each islet to the acinar capillaries. Both islets and acini possess strong metabolic regulation of their blood perfusion. Of particular importance, especially in the islets, is adenosine and ATP/ADP. Basal and stimulated blood flow is modified by local endothelial mediators, the nervous system as well as gastrointestinal hormones. Normally the responses to the nervous system, especially the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, are fairly similar in endocrine and exocrine parts. The islets seem to be more sensitive to the effects of endothelial mediators, especially nitric oxide, which is a permissive factor to maintain the high basal islet blood flow. The gastrointestinal hormones with pancreatic effects mainly influence the exocrine pancreatic blood flow, whereas islets are less affected. A notable exception is incretin hormones and adipokines, which preferentially affect islet vasculature. Islet hormones can influence both exocrine and endocrine blood vessels, and these complex effects are discussed. Secondary changes in pancreatic and islet blood flow occur during several conditions. To what extent changes in blood perfusion may affect the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases is discussed. Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute pancreatitis are conditions where we think there is evidence that blood flow may contribute to disease manifestations. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:799-837, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Jansson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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190
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Effects of watermelon powder supplementation on colitis in high-fat diet-fed and dextran sodium sulfate-treated rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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191
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Murga C, Arcones AC, Cruces-Sande M, Briones AM, Salaices M, Mayor F. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30837878 PMCID: PMC6390810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a central signaling node involved in the modulation of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also displaying regulatory functions in other cell signaling routes. GRK2 levels and activity have been reported to be enhanced in patients or in preclinical models of several relevant pathological situations, such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance conditions, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to contribute to disease progression by a variety of mechanisms related to its multifunctional roles. Therefore, targeting GRK2 by different strategies emerges as a potentially relevant approach to treat cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or NAFLD, pathological conditions which are frequently interconnected and present as co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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192
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NF-κB-responsive miR-155 induces functional impairment of vascular smooth muscle cells by downregulating soluble guanylyl cyclase. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 30765689 PMCID: PMC6376011 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in maintaining vascular function. Inflammation-mediated VSMC dysfunction leads to atherosclerotic intimal hyperplasia and preeclamptic hypertension; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. We analyzed the expression levels of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in cultured VSMCs, mouse vessels, and clinical specimens and then assessed its role in VSMC function. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) elevated miR-155 biogenesis in cultured VSMCs and vessel segments, which was prevented by NF-κB inhibition. MiR-155 expression was also increased in high-fat diet-fed ApoE−/− mice and in patients with atherosclerosis and preeclampsia. The miR-155 levels were inversely correlated with soluble guanylyl cyclase β1 (sGCβ1) expression and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cGMP production through targeting the sGCβ1 transcript. TNF-α-induced miR-155 caused VSMC phenotypic switching, which was confirmed by the downregulation of VSMC-specific marker genes, suppression of cell proliferation and migration, alterations in cell morphology, and NO-induced vasorelaxation. These events were mitigated by miR-155 inhibition. Moreover, TNF-α did not cause VSMC phenotypic modulation and limit NO-induced vasodilation in aortic vessels of miR-155−/− mice. These findings suggest that NF-κB-induced miR-155 impairs the VSMC contractile phenotype and NO-mediated vasorelaxation by downregulating sGCβ1 expression. These data suggest that NF-κB-responsive miR-155 is a novel negative regulator of VSMC functions by impairing the sGC/cGMP pathway, which is essential for maintaining the VSMC contractile phenotype and vasorelaxation, offering a new therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis and preeclampsia. The overexpression of a microRNA molecule adversely affects the functioning of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and may contribute to the development of artherosclerosis and preeclampsia. The interactions between VSMCs and the cells lining blood vessels (endothelium) are crucial for maintaining the healthy phenotype and relaxation of blood vessels. Disruption to these interactions via inflammation, for example, can trigger serious vascular diseases. Young-Myeong Kim at Kangwon National University, Chungcheon, South Korea, and co-workers demonstrated that expression levels of a microRNA-155 are elevated in patients with artherosclerosis and preeclampsia, while an enzyme found in VSMCs called soluble guanylyl cyclase is considerably reduced. Using human and mice tissues, the team showed that miR-155 impairs the contractile phenotype and relaxation of VSMCs by reducing guanylyl cyclase expression. Their findings may inform new therapies for vascular diseases.
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193
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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194
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrite-stimulated Gastric Formation of S-nitrosothiols As An Antihypertensive Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:431-443. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180816120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is usually associated with deficient nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and therefore stimulating NO activity is an important antihypertensive strategy. Recently, many studies have shown that both nitrite and nitrate anions are not simple products of NO metabolism and indeed may be reduced back to NO. While enzymes with nitrite-reductase activity capable of generating NO from nitrite may contribute to antihypertensive effects of nitrite, another mechanism involving the generation of NO-related species in the stomach from nitrite has been validated. Under the acidic conditions of the stomach, nitrite generates NO-related species that form S-nitrosothiols. Conversely, drugs that increase gastric pH may impair the gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols, which may mediate antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite or nitrate. Therefore, it is now becoming clear that promoting gastric formation of S-nitrosothiols may result in effective antihypertensive responses, and this mechanism opens a window of opportunity in the therapy of hypertension. In this review, we discuss the recent studies supporting the gastric generation of S-nitrosothiols as a potential antihypertensive mechanism of oral nitrite. We also highlight some drugs that increase S-nitrosothiols bioavailability, which may also improve the responses to nitrite/nitrate therapy. This new approach may result in increased nitrosation of critical pharmacological receptors and enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which tend to respond less to their activators resulting in lower blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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195
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Cogolludo A, Villamor E, Perez-Vizcaino F, Moreno L. Ceramide and Regulation of Vascular Tone. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020411. [PMID: 30669371 PMCID: PMC6359388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to playing a role as a structural component of cellular membranes, ceramide is now clearly recognized as a bioactive lipid implicated in a variety of physiological functions. This review aims to provide updated information on the role of ceramide in the regulation of vascular tone. Ceramide may induce vasodilator or vasoconstrictor effects by interacting with several signaling pathways in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. There is a clear, albeit complex, interaction between ceramide and redox signaling. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate different ceramide generating pathways and, conversely, ceramide is known to increase ROS production. In recent years, ceramide has emerged as a novel key player in oxygen sensing in vascular cells and mediating vascular responses of crucial physiological relevance such as hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) or normoxic ductus arteriosus constriction. Likewise, a growing body of evidence over the last years suggests that exaggerated production of vascular ceramide may have detrimental effects in a number of pathological processes including cardiovascular and lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Cogolludo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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196
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Acute Exposure to Indoxyl Sulfate Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020338. [PMID: 30650577 PMCID: PMC6359309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota are emerging as potential contributors to the regulation of host homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota associated with increased intestinal permeability facilitates the passage of endotoxins and other microbial products, including indoxyl sulfate in the circulation. Although an emerging body of evidence has suggested that indoxyl sulfate is a key substance for the development of chronic kidney disease, few studies have investigated the direct association of indoxyl sulfate with vascular function. We hypothesized that indoxyl sulfate adversely affects vascular function. Aortas isolated from male Wistar rat were examined in the presence or absence of indoxyl sulfate to assess the vascular function, including vasorelaxation and vasocontraction. Indoxyl sulfate (vs. vehicle) (1) decreased vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) but not by sodium nitroprusside; (2) had no significant alterations of noradrenaline-induced vasocontraction in the absence and presence of endothelium; (3) decreased adenylyl cyclase activator (forskolin)-induced vasorelaxation, while such a difference was eliminated by endothelial denudation; and (4) decreased vasorelaxations induced by calcium ionophore (A23187) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 agonist (GSK1016790A). The indoxyl sulfate-induced decrease in the vasorelaxations induced by ACh and A23187 increased by cell-permeant superoxide dismutase or by organic anion transporter inhibitor. However, apocynin, an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, had no effects on vasorelaxations induced by ACh, A23187, forskolin, and GSK1016790A in the presence of indoxyl sulfate. These results suggest that indoxyl sulfate directly affects the vascular function, particularly, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and this effect may be attributable to increased oxidative stress after cell transportion via organic anion transporter, and such increased oxidative stress may not be attributable to activation of NADPH oxidase activation.
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197
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Tawa M, Yano Y, Yamanaka M, Sawano T, Iesaki K, Murata Y, Tanaka R, Nakagawa K, Ohkita M, Matsumura Y. Effects of Beet Juice Supplementation on Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:216-222. [PMID: 30265283 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, attention has been focused on the cardiovascular protective effects of beet juice (BJ) with high amounts of nitrate. In this study, we examined the effect of BJ supplementation in a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS MCT (60 mg/kg) was subcutaneously administered to rats, and BJ (prepared by dissolving BJ powder at a concentration of 1 g/l or 10 g/l in drinking water) supplementation was started from the day of, 1 week before, and 2 weeks after MCT injection. Saline-injected rats given drinking water were used as controls. RESULTS Low-dose BJ supplementation starting from the day of MCT injection exerted protective effects on the MCT-induced elevation of right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling, without causing a significant increase in plasma nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels. On the other hand, such beneficial effects were not observed with high-dose BJ supplementation, although the NOx levels were slightly higher than those in the low-dose group. In addition, low-dose BJ supplementation starting from 1 week before MCT injection did not improve PH symptoms, as described above. Furthermore, low-dose BJ supplementation starting from 2 weeks after MCT injection was ineffective against functional and morphological alterations in pulmonary circulation associated with MCT-induced PH. CONCLUSIONS Habitual ingestion of a suitable amount of BJ could be a potential option for preventing PH. However, beneficial effects cannot be expected when PH has developed to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Yano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misaki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kana Iesaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ohkita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pathological Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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198
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Hwang CL, Bishop J, Ching J, Elokda A, da Silva ALG, Laddu D, Phillips SA. Precision Measurements to Assess Baseline Status and Efficacy of Healthy Living Medicine. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 62:55-59. [PMID: 30610884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine recently has gained popularity, calling for more individualized approaches to prevent and/or reduce chronic-disease risk and to reduce non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Encompassed under Precision medicine initiatives is the concept of healthy living medicine (HLM), which emphasizes the promotion of lifestyle and behavioral practices including physical activity and healthy dietary pattern. Precision measurements have the potential to improve the understanding of how risk factors influence disease trajectory, and further inform on how to precisely tailor clinical strategies to manage risk factors to prevent disease manifestation, and refine therapies according the patient's demographic, environment, and disease etiology. The purpose of this review is to summarize the application of established and emerging measurements that may be used in HLM to manage and optimize care in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Bishop
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jerry Ching
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Elokda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, United States of America
| | - Andréa Lúcia Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Physical Education and Health, Physiotherapy` Course at University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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199
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Rippe C, Albinsson S, Guron G, Nilsson H, Swärd K. Targeting transcriptional control of soluble guanylyl cyclase via NOTCH for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13094. [PMID: 29754438 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is an effector enzyme of nitric oxide (NO). Recent work has unravelled how levels of this enzyme are controlled, and highlighted a role in vascular disease. We provide a timely summary of available knowledge on transcriptional regulation of sGC, including influences from the NOTCH signalling pathway and genetic variants. It is speculated that hypertension-induced repression of sGC starts a vicious circle that can be initiated by periods of stress, diet or genetic factors, and a key tenet is that reduction in sGC further raises blood pressure. The idea that dysregulation of sGC contributes to syndromes caused by defective NOTCH signalling is advanced, and we discuss drug repositioning for vascular disease prevention. The advantage of targeting sGC expression rather than activity is also considered. It is argued that transcriptional inputs on sGC arise from interactions with other cells, the extracellular matrix and microRNAs (miRNAs), and concluded that the promise of sGC as a target for prevention of cardiovascular disease has increased in recent time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - S. Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - G. Guron
- Department of Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - H. Nilsson
- Department of Physiology; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - K. Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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200
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Araujo TLS, Venturini G, Moretti AIS, Tanaka LY, Pereira AC, Laurindo FRM. Cell-surface HSP70 associates with thrombomodulin in endothelial cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:273-282. [PMID: 30645756 PMCID: PMC6363626 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-00964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) is crucial for proteostasis and displays cell-protective effects. Meanwhile, enhanced levels of cell-surface (cs) and secreted HSP70 paradoxically associate with pathologic cardiovascular conditions. However, mechanisms regulating csHSP70 pool are unknown. We hypothesized that total and csHSP70 expressions are modulated by hemodynamic forces, major contributors to endothelial pathophysiology. We also investigated whether thrombomodulin, a crucial thromboresistance cell-surface protein, is a csHSP70 target. We used proteomic/western analysis, confocal microscopy, and cs-biotinylation to analyze the pattern and specific characteristics of intracellular and csHSP70. HSP70 interaction with thrombomodulin was investigated by confocal colocalization, en face immunofluorescence, proximity assay, and immunoprecipitation. Thrombomodulin activity was assessed by measured protein C activation two-step assay. Our results show that csHSP70 pool in endothelial cells (EC) exhibits a peculiar cluster-like pattern and undergoes enhanced expression by physiological arterial-level laminar shear stress. Conversely, total and csHSP70 expressions were diminished under low shear stress, a known proatherogenic hemodynamic pattern. Furthermore, total HSP70 levels were decreased in aortic arch (associated with proatherogenic turbulent flow) compared with thoracic aorta (associated with atheroprotective laminar flow). Importantly, csHSP70 co-localized with thrombomodulin in cultured EC and aorta endothelium; proximity ligation assays and immunoprecipitation confirmed their physical interaction in EC. Remarkably, immunoneutralization of csHSP70 enhanced thrombomodulin activity in EC and aorta ex vivo. Overall, proatherogenic hemodynamic forces promote reduced total HSP70 expression, which might implicate in disturbed proteostasis; meanwhile, the associated decrease in cs-HSP70 pool associates with thromboresistance signaling. Cell-surface HSP70 (csHSP70) expression regulation and csHSP70 targets in vascular cells are unknown. We showed that HSP70 levels are shear stress-modulated and decreased under proatherogenic conditions. Remarkably, csHSP70 binds thrombomodulin and inhibits its activity in endothelial cells. This mechanism can potentially explain some deleterious effects previously associated with high extracellular HSP70 levels, as csHSP70 potentially could restrict thromboresistance and support thrombosis/inflammation in stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís L S Araujo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Venturini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana I S Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo, Brazil
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