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Yuan K, Orcholski ME, Panaroni C, Shuffle EM, Huang NF, Jiang X, Tian W, Vladar EK, Wang L, Nicolls MR, Wu JY, de Jesus Perez VA. Activation of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway is required for pericyte recruitment during pulmonary angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 185:69-84. [PMID: 25447046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are perivascular cells localized to capillaries that promote vessel maturation, and their absence can contribute to vessel loss. Whether impaired endothelial-pericyte interaction contributes to small vessel loss in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unclear. Using 3G5-specific, immunoglobulin G-coated magnetic beads, we isolated pericytes from the lungs of healthy subjects and PAH patients, followed by lineage validation. PAH pericytes seeded with healthy pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells failed to associate with endothelial tubes, resulting in smaller vascular networks compared to those with healthy pericytes. After the demonstration of abnormal polarization toward endothelium via live-imaging and wound-healing studies, we screened PAH pericytes for abnormalities in the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which has been shown to regulate cell motility and polarity in the pulmonary vasculature. PAH pericytes had reduced expression of frizzled 7 (Fzd7) and cdc42, genes crucial for Wnt/PCP activation. With simultaneous knockdown of Fzd7 and cdc42 in healthy pericytes in vitro and in a murine model of angiogenesis, motility and polarization toward pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were reduced, whereas with restoration of both genes in PAH pericytes, endothelial-pericyte association was improved, with larger vascular networks. These studies suggest that the motility and polarity of pericytes during pulmonary angiogenesis are regulated by Wnt/PCP activation, which can be targeted to prevent vessel loss in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mark E Orcholski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology & Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eric M Shuffle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Wen Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Pathology, Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lingli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology & Metabolism, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Vinicio A de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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152
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Vaillancourt M, Ruffenach G, Meloche J, Bonnet S. Adaptation and remodelling of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2014; 31:407-15. [PMID: 25630876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodelling of pulmonary arteries caused by a proliferation/apoptosis imbalance within the vascular wall. This pathological phenotype seems to be triggered by different environmental stress and injury events such as increased inflammation, DNA damage, and epigenetic deregulation. It appears that one of the first hit to occur is endothelial cells (ECs) injury and apoptosis, which leads to paracrine signalling to other ECs, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and fibroblasts. These signals promote a phenotypic change of surviving ECs by disturbing different signalling pathways leading to sustained vasoconstriction, proproliferative and antiapoptotic phenotype, deregulated angiogenesis, and formation of plexiform lesions. EC signalling also recruits proinflammatory cells, leading to pulmonary infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, sustaining the inflammatory environment and autoimmune response. Finally, EC signalling promotes proliferative and antiapoptotic PAH-PASMC phenotypes, which acquire migratory capacities, resulting in increased vascular wall thickness and muscularization of small pulmonary arterioles. Adaptation and remodelling of pulmonary circulation also involves epigenetic components, such as microRNA deregulation, DNA methylation, and histone modification. This review will focus on the different cellular and epigenetic aspects including EC stress response, molecular mechanisms contributing to PAH-PASMC and PAEC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as epigenetic control involved in adaptation and remodelling of the pulmonary circulation in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Vaillancourt
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégoire Ruffenach
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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153
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Kim J, Hwangbo C, Hu X, Kang Y, Papangeli I, Mehrotra D, Park H, Ju H, McLean DL, Comhair SA, Erzurum SC, Chun HJ. Restoration of impaired endothelial myocyte enhancer factor 2 function rescues pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2014; 131:190-9. [PMID: 25336633 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the pulmonary arterioles, characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular failure. The cause of PAH is complex, but aberrant proliferation of the pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is thought to play an important role in its pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms of transcriptional gene regulation involved in pulmonary vascular homeostasis can provide key insights into potential therapeutic strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that the activity of the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is significantly impaired in the PAECs derived from subjects with PAH. We identified MEF2 as the key cis-acting factor that regulates expression of a number of transcriptional targets involved in pulmonary vascular homeostasis, including microRNAs 424 and 503, connexins 37, and 40, and Krűppel Like Factors 2 and 4, which were found to be significantly decreased in PAH PAECs. The impaired MEF2 activity in PAH PAECs was mediated by excess nuclear accumulation of 2 class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) that inhibit its function, namely HDAC4 and HDAC5. Selective, pharmacological inhibition of class IIa HDACs led to restoration of MEF2 activity in PAECs, as demonstrated by increased expression of its transcriptional targets, decreased cell migration and proliferation, and rescue of experimental pulmonary hypertension models. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that strategies to augment MEF2 activity hold potential therapeutic value in PAH. Moreover, we identify selective HDAC IIa inhibition as a viable alternative approach to avoid the potential adverse effects of broad spectrum HDAC inhibition in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Kim
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Yujung Kang
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Irinna Papangeli
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Devi Mehrotra
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Hyekyung Park
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Hyekyung Ju
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Danielle L McLean
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Suzy A Comhair
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.)
| | - Hyung J Chun
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.K., C.H., X.H., Y.K., I.P., D.M., H.P., H.J., D.L.M., H.J.C.); the Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea (J.K.); and the Department of Pathobiology, The Lerner Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (S.A.C., S.C.E.).
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154
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Marriott S, Baskir RS, Gaskill C, Menon S, Carrier EJ, Williams J, Talati M, Helm K, Alford CE, Kropski JA, Loyd J, Wheeler L, Johnson J, Austin E, Nozik-Grayck E, Meyrick B, West JD, Klemm DJ, Majka SM. ABCG2pos lung mesenchymal stem cells are a novel pericyte subpopulation that contributes to fibrotic remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C684-98. [PMID: 25122876 PMCID: PMC4200000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00114.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genesis of myofibroblasts is obligatory for the development of pathology in many adult lung diseases. Adult lung tissue contains a population of perivascular ABCG2(pos) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that are precursors of myofibroblasts and distinct from NG2 pericytes. We hypothesized that these MSC participate in deleterious remodeling associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and associated hypertension (PH). To test this hypothesis, resident lung MSC were quantified in lung samples from control subjects and PF patients. ABCG2(pos) cell numbers were decreased in human PF and interstitial lung disease compared with control samples. Genetic labeling of lung MSC in mice enabled determination of terminal lineage and localization of ABCG2 cells following intratracheal administration of bleomycin to elicit fibrotic lung injury. Fourteen days following bleomycin injury enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled lung MSC-derived cells were increased in number and localized to interstitial areas of fibrotic and microvessel remodeling. Finally, gene expression analysis was evaluated to define the response of MSC to bleomycin injury in vivo using ABCG2(pos) MSC isolated during the inflammatory phase postinjury and in vitro bleomycin or transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated cells. MSC responded to bleomycin treatment in vivo with a profibrotic gene program that was not recapitulated in vitro with bleomycin treatment. However, TGF-β1 treatment induced the appearance of a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in vitro. Additionally, when exposed to the profibrotic stimulus, TGF-β1, ABCG2, and NG2 pericytes demonstrated distinct responses. Our data highlight ABCG2(pos) lung MSC as a novel cell population that contributes to detrimental myofibroblast-mediated remodeling during PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shennea Marriott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Rubin S Baskir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Christa Gaskill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Kochi and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Erica J Carrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Janice Williams
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Electron Microscopy-Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megha Talati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Karen Helm
- Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine E Alford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James Loyd
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Lisa Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - Joyce Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Barbara Meyrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse
| | - James D West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- Department of Pediatrics or Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Pulmonary Circulation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennesse;
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155
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Chen PY, Qin L, Tellides G, Simons M. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is a key inhibitor of TGFβ signaling in the endothelium. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra90. [PMID: 25249657 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal vascular homeostasis can lead to increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells and deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in neointima formation, which contributes to vascular lumen narrowing, a pathology that underlies diseases including transplant vasculopathy, the recurrence of stenosis, and atherosclerosis. Growth of neointima is in part due to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-driven process, which leads to increased numbers of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix. We reported that endothelial cell-specific knockout of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) led to activation of TGFβ signaling and development of EndMT in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, EndMT in human diseased vasculature correlated with decreased abundance of FGFR1. These findings identify FGFR1 as the key regulator of TGFβ signaling and EndMT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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156
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Rabinovitch M, Guignabert C, Humbert M, Nicolls MR. Inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circ Res 2014; 115:165-75. [PMID: 24951765 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes an expanding body of knowledge indicating that failure to resolve inflammation and altered immune processes underlie the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The chemokines and cytokines implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension that could form a biomarker platform are discussed. Pre-clinical studies that provide the basis for dysregulated immunity in animal models of the disease are reviewed. In addition, we present therapies that target inflammatory/immune mechanisms that are currently enrolling patients, and discuss others in development. We show how genetic and metabolic abnormalities are inextricably linked to dysregulated immunity and adverse remodeling in the pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rabinovitch
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.).
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Marc Humbert
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- From the Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Pediatrics (M.R.) and Department of Medicine (M.R.N.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; INSERM UMR_S 999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson and Université Paris-Sud, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre (C.G., M.H.); and AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, France (M.H.)
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157
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Rowley JE, Johnson JR. Pericytes in chronic lung disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:178-88. [PMID: 25034005 DOI: 10.1159/000365051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mesenchymal cells embedded within the abluminal surface of the endothelium of microvessels such as capillaries, pre-capillary arterioles, post-capillary and collecting venules, where they maintain microvascular homeostasis and participate in angiogenesis. In addition to their roles in supporting the vasculature and facilitating leukocyte extravasation, pericytes have been recently investigated as a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their capacity to differentiate into numerous cell types including the classic MSC triad, i.e. osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Other studies in models of fibrotic inflammatory disease of the lung have demonstrated a vital role of pericytes in myofibroblast activation, collagen deposition and microvascular remodelling, which are hallmark features of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. Further studies into the mechanisms of the pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition and migration to fibrotic foci will hopefully clarify the role of these cells in chronic lung disease and confirm the importance of pericytes in human fibrotic pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Rowley
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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158
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (E.A.F.); and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (J.M.M.)
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