151
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The role of metabolism and tunneling nanotube-mediated intercellular mitochondria exchange in cancer drug resistance. Biochem J 2018; 475:2305-2328. [PMID: 30064989 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communications play a major role in tissue homeostasis. In pathologies such as cancer, cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are newly discovered long-range intercellular connections that allow the exchange between cells of various cargos, ranging from ions to whole organelles such as mitochondria. TNT-transferred mitochondria were shown to change the metabolism and functional properties of recipient cells as reported for both normal and cancer cells. Metabolic plasticity is now considered a hallmark of cancer as it notably plays a pivotal role in drug resistance. The acquisition of cancer drug resistance was also associated to TNT-mediated mitochondria transfer, a finding that relates to the role of mitochondria as a hub for many metabolic pathways. In this review, we first give a brief overview of the various mechanisms of drug resistance and of the cellular communication means at play in the TME, with a special focus on the recently discovered TNTs. We further describe recent studies highlighting the role of the TNT-transferred mitochondria in acquired cancer cell drug resistance. We also present how changes in metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate and lipid metabolism, are linked to cancer cell resistance to therapy. Finally, we provide examples of novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria and cell metabolism as a way to circumvent cancer cell drug resistance.
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152
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Understanding the Role of Dysfunctional and Healthy Mitochondria in Stroke Pathology and Its Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072127. [PMID: 30037107 PMCID: PMC6073421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major cause of death and disability in the United States and around the world. Solid safety and efficacy profiles of novel stroke therapeutics have been generated in the laboratory, but most failed in clinical trials. Investigations into the pathology and treatment of the disease remain a key research endeavor in advancing scientific understanding and clinical applications. In particular, cell-based regenerative medicine, specifically stem cell transplantation, may hold promise as a stroke therapy, because grafted cells and their components may recapitulate the growth and function of the neurovascular unit, which arguably represents the alpha and omega of stroke brain pathology and recovery. Recent evidence has implicated mitochondria, organelles with a central role in energy metabolism and stress response, in stroke progression. Recognizing that stem cells offer a source of healthy mitochondria—one that is potentially transferrable into ischemic cells—may provide a new therapeutic tool. To this end, deciphering cellular and molecular processes underlying dysfunctional mitochondria may reveal innovative strategies for stroke therapy. Here, we review recent studies capturing the intimate participation of mitochondrial impairment in stroke pathology, and showcase promising methods of healthy mitochondria transfer into ischemic cells to critically evaluate the potential of mitochondria-based stem cell therapy for stroke patients.
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153
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Hough KP, Trevor JL, Strenkowski JG, Wang Y, Chacko BK, Tousif S, Chanda D, Steele C, Antony VB, Dokland T, Ouyang X, Zhang J, Duncan SR, Thannickal VJ, Darley-Usmar VM, Deshane JS. Exosomal transfer of mitochondria from airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells to T cells. Redox Biol 2018; 18:54-64. [PMID: 29986209 PMCID: PMC6031096 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation involving both innate and adaptive immune cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Intercellular communication is essential for driving and resolving inflammatory responses in asthma. Emerging studies suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes facilitate this process. In this report, we have used a range of approaches to show that EVs contain markers of mitochondria derived from donor cells which are capable of sustaining a membrane potential. Further, we propose that these participate in intercellular communication within the airways of human subjects with asthma. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of both healthy volunteers and asthmatics contain EVs with encapsulated mitochondria; however, the % HLA-DR+ EVs containing mitochondria and the levels of mitochondrial DNA within EVs were significantly higher in asthmatics. Furthermore, mitochondria are present in exosomes derived from the pro-inflammatory HLA-DR+ subsets of airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRCs), which are known regulators of T cell responses in asthma. Exosomes tagged with MitoTracker Green, or derived from MDRCs transduced with CellLight Mitochondrial GFP were found in recipient peripheral T cells using a co-culture system, supporting direct exosome-mediated cell-cell transfer. Importantly, exosomally transferred mitochondria co-localize with the mitochondrial network and generate reactive oxygen species within recipient T cells. These findings support a potential novel mechanism of cell-cell communication involving exosomal transfer of mitochondria and the bioenergetic and/or redox regulation of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Hough
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer L Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John G Strenkowski
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Balu K Chacko
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chad Steele
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Terje Dokland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xiaosen Ouyang
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Steven R Duncan
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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154
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Vats K, Pravalika K, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Kumar A, Wang X, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Stroke: Implications of Stem Cell Therapy. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 10:10.1007/s12975-018-0642-y. [PMID: 29926383 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating condition which is also the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the benefits and promises shown by numerous neuroprotective agents in animal stroke models, their clinical translation has not been a complete success. Hence, search for treatment options have directed researchers towards utilising stem cells. Mitochondria has a major involvement in the pathophysiology of stroke and a number of other conditions. Stem cells have shown the ability to transfer mitochondria to the damaged cells and to help revive cell energetics in the recipient cell. The present review discusses how stem cells could be employed to protect neurons and mitochondria in stroke and also the various mechanisms involved in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department or Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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155
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Mitochondrial therapy promotes regeneration of injured hippocampal neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3001-3012. [PMID: 29913215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inhibitory microenvironment and reduced intrinsic growth capacity of neurons, neuronal regeneration of central nervous system remains challenging. Neurons are highly energy demanding and require sufficient mitochondria to support cellular activities. In response to stimuli, mitochondria undergo fusion/fission cycles to adapt to environment. It is thus logical to hypothesize that the plasticity of mitochondrial dynamics is required for neuronal regeneration. In this study, we examined the role of mitochondrial dynamics during regeneration of rat hippocampal neurons. Quantitative analysis showed that injury induced mitochondrial fission. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, we tested the possibility that the mitochondrial therapy may promote neuronal regeneration. Supplying freshly isolated mitochondria to the injured hippocampal neurons not only significantly increased neurite re-growth but also restored membrane potential of injured hippocampal neurons. Together, our findings support the importance of mitochondrial dynamics during regeneration of injured hippocampal neurons and highlight the therapeutic prospect of mitochondria to the injured central nervous system.
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156
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Kruk DMLW, Heijink IH, Slebos DJ, Timens W, Ten Hacken NH. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Regenerate Emphysema: On the Horizon? Respiration 2018; 96:148-158. [PMID: 29719298 DOI: 10.1159/000488149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that play a pivotal role in various phases of lung development and lung homeostasis, and potentially also lung regeneration. MSCs do not only self-renew and differentiate into renew tissues, but also have anti-inflammatory and paracrine properties to reduce damage and to support tissue regeneration, constituting a promising cell-based treatment strategy for the repair of damaged alveolar tissue in emphysema. This review discusses the current state of the art regarding the potential of MSCs for the treatment of emphysema. The optimism regarding this treatment strategy is supported by promising results from animal models. Still, there are considerable challenges before effective stem cell treatment can be realized in emphysema patients. It is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from the available animal studies, as different models, dosage protocols, administration routes, and sources of MSCs have been used with different measures of effectiveness. Moreover, the regrowth potential of differentiated tissues and organs differs between species. Essential questions about MSC engraftment, retention, and survival have not been sufficiently addressed in a systematic manner. Few human studies have investigated MSC treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, demonstrating short-term safety but no convincing benefits on clinical outcomes. Possible explanations for the lack of beneficial effects on clinical outcomes could be the source (bone marrow), route, dosage, frequency of administration, and delivery (lack of a bioactive scaffold). This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the (pre)clinical studies on MSC effects in emphysema and discuss the current challenges regarding the optimal use of MSCs for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M L W Kruk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H Ten Hacken
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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157
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Li X, Michaeloudes C, Zhang Y, Wiegman CH, Adcock IM, Lian Q, Mak JCW, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1634-1645.e5. [PMID: 28911970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to inflammation and remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mesenchymal stem cells protect against lung damage in animal models of COPD. It is unknown whether these effects occur through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in airway cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) on oxidative stress-induce mitochondrial dysfunction in human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro and in mouse lungs in vivo. METHODS ASMCs were cocultured with iPSC-MSCs in the presence of cigarette smoke medium (CSM), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and apoptosis were measured. Conditioned medium from iPSC-MSCs and transwell cocultures were used to detect any paracrine effects. The effect of systemic injection of iPSC-MSCs on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in ozone-exposed mice was also investigated. RESULTS Coculture of iPSC-MSCs with ASMCs attenuated CSM-induced mitochondrial ROS, apoptosis, and ΔΨm loss in ASMCs. iPSC-MSC-conditioned medium or transwell cocultures with iPSC-MSCs reduced CSM-induced mitochondrial ROS but not ΔΨm or apoptosis in ASMCs. Mitochondrial transfer from iPSC-MSCs to ASMCs was observed after direct coculture and was enhanced by CSM. iPSC-MSCs attenuated ozone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation in mouse lungs. CONCLUSION iPSC-MSCs offered protection against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human ASMCs and in mouse lungs while reducing airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. These effects are, at least in part, dependent on cell-cell contact, which allows for mitochondrial transfer, and paracrine regulation. Therefore iPSC-MSCs show promise as a therapy for oxidative stress-dependent lung diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Coen H Wiegman
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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158
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Wang J, Li H, Yao Y, Zhao T, Chen YY, Shen YL, Wang LL, Zhu Y. Stem cell-derived mitochondria transplantation: a novel strategy and the challenges for the treatment of tissue injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 29653590 PMCID: PMC5899391 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage of mitochondria in the initial period of tissue injury aggravates the severity of injury. Restoration of mitochondria dysfunction and mitochondrial-based therapeutics represent a potentially effective therapeutic strategy. Recently, mitochondrial transfer from stem cells has been demonstrated to play a significant role in rescuing injured tissues. The possible mechanisms of mitochondria released from stem cells, the pathways of mitochondria transfer between the donor stem cells and recipient cells, and the internalization of mitochondria into recipient cells are discussed. Moreover, a novel strategy for tissue injury based on the concept of stem cell-derived mitochondrial transplantation is pointed out, and the advantages and challenges are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Heyangzi Li
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue-Liang Shen
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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159
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Broekman W, Khedoe PPSJ, Schepers K, Roelofs H, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS. Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Thorax 2018; 73:565-574. [PMID: 29653970 PMCID: PMC5969341 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD is characterised by tissue destruction and inflammation. Given the lack of curative treatments and the progressive nature of the disease, new treatments for COPD are highly relevant. In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. These properties of MSCs provided a rationale to investigate their potential for treatment of a variety of diseases, including COPD. Preclinical models support the hypothesis that MSCs may have clinical efficacy in COPD. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of MSC treatment, thus far they have not provided evidence for MSC efficacy in the treatment of COPD. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Broekman
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Padmini P S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Schepers
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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160
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p66Shc Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Dependent on PKC Activation in Airway Epithelial Cells Induced by Cigarette Smoke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5837123. [PMID: 29849902 PMCID: PMC5925171 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5837123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial mitochondrial injury plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The p66Shc adaptor protein is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, little is known about the effect of p66Shc on airway epithelial damage in the development of COPD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the roles of p66Shc and its upstream regulators in the mitochondrial injury of airway epithelial cells (Beas-2b) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Our present study revealed that CSE increased p66Shc expression and its mitochondrial translocation in concentration and time-dependent manners in airway epithelial cells. And p66Shc siRNA significantly attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury when airway epithelial cells were stimulated with 7.5% CSE. The total and phosphorylated expression of PKCβ and PKCδ was significantly increased associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury when airway epithelial cells were exposed to 7.5% CSE. The pretreatments with pharmacological inhibitors of PKCβ and PKCδ could notably suppress p66Shc phosphorylation and its mitochondrial translocation and protect the mitochondria and cells against oxidative damage when airway epithelial cells were incubated with 7.5% CSE. These data suggest that a novel PKCβ/δ-p66Shc signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD and other oxidative stress-associated pulmonary diseases and provide a potential therapeutic target for these diseases.
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161
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Intercellular transfer of mitochondria rescues virus-induced cell death but facilitates cell-to-cell spreading of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virology 2018; 517:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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162
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Paliwal S, Chaudhuri R, Agrawal A, Mohanty S. Regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells through mitochondrial transfer. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:31. [PMID: 29602309 PMCID: PMC5877369 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an upsurge in studies demonstrating mitochondrial transfer as one of the emerging mechanisms through which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regenerate and repair damaged cells or tissues. It has been found to play a critical role in healing several diseases related to brain injury, cardiac myopathies, muscle sepsis, lung disorders and acute respiratory disorders. Several studies have shown that various mechanisms are involved in mitochondrial transfer that includes tunnel tube formation, micro vesicle formation, gap junctions, cell fusion and others modes of transfer. Few studies have investigated the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial transfer, primarily comprising of signaling pathways involved in tunnel tube formation that facilitates tunnel tube formation for movement of mitochondria from one cell to another. Various stress signals such as release of damaged mitochondria, mtDNA and mitochondrial products along with elevated reactive oxygen species levels trigger the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to recipient cells. However, extensive cell signaling pathways that lead to mitochondrial transfer from healthy cells are still under investigation and the changes that contribute to restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics in recipient cells remain largely elusive. In this review, we have discussed the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to neighboring stressed cells, and how this aids in cellular repair and regeneration of different organs such as lung, heart, eye, brain and kidney. The potential scope of mitochondrial transfer in providing novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of various pathophysiological conditions has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Paliwal
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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163
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Delivery of exogenous mitochondria via centrifugation enhances cellular metabolic function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3330. [PMID: 29463809 PMCID: PMC5820364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in the maintenance of cell growth and function, and have been investigated as therapeutic targets in various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that direct mitochondrial transfer can restore cellular functions of cells with inherited or acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. However, previous mitochondrial transfer methods are inefficient and time-consuming. Here, we developed a simple and easy mitochondrial transfer protocol using centrifugation, which can be applied to any cell type. By our simple centrifugation method, we found that the isolated mitochondria could be successfully transferred into target cells, including mitochondrial DNA-deleted Rho0 cells and dexamethasone-treated atrophic muscle cells. We found that mitochondrial transfer normalised ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, and the oxygen consumption rate of the target cells. Furthermore, delivery of intact mitochondria blocked the AMPK/FoxO3/Atrogene pathway underlying muscle atrophy in atrophic muscle cells. Taken together, this simple and rapid mitochondrial transfer method can be used to treat mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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164
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De la Rosa MB, Kozik EM, Sakaguchi DS. Adult Stem Cell-Based Strategies for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:41-71. [PMID: 30151648 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) occur as the result of sudden trauma and can lead to life-long disability, reduced quality of life, and heavy economic and social burdens. Although the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has the intrinsic capacity to regenerate and regrow axons to a certain extent, current treatments frequently show incomplete recovery with poor functional outcomes, particularly for large PNI. Many surgical procedures are available to halt the propagation of nerve damage, and the choice of a procedure depends on the extent of the injury. In particular, recovery from large PNI gaps is difficult to achieve without any therapeutic intervention or some form of tissue/cell-based therapy. Autologous nerve grafting, considered the "gold standard" is often implemented for treatment of gap formation type PNI. Although these surgical procedures provide many benefits, there are still considerable limitations associated with such procedures as donor site morbidity, neuroma formation, fascicle mismatch, and scarring. To overcome such restrictions, researchers have explored various avenues to improve post-surgical outcomes. The most commonly studied methods include: cell transplantation, growth factor delivery to stimulate regenerating axons and implanting nerve guidance conduits containing replacement cells at the site of injury. Replacement cells which offer maximum benefits for the treatment of PNI, are Schwann cells (SCs), which are the peripheral glial cells and in part responsible for clearing out debris from the site of injury. Additionally, they release growth factors to stimulate myelination and axonal regeneration. Both primary SCs and genetically modified SCs enhance nerve regeneration in animal models; however, there is no good source for extracting SCs and the only method to obtain SCs is by sacrificing a healthy nerve. To overcome such challenges, various cell types have been investigated and reported to enhance nerve regeneration.In this review, we have focused on cell-based strategies aimed to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, in particular the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells are preferred due to benefits such as autologous transplantation, routine isolation procedures, and paracrine and immunomodulatory properties. Mesenchymal stem cells have been transplanted at the site of injury either directly in their native form (undifferentiated) or in a SC-like form (transdifferentiated) and have been shown to significantly enhance nerve regeneration. In addition to transdifferentiated MSCs, some studies have also transplanted ex-vivo genetically modified MSCs that hypersecrete growth factors to improve neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metzere Bierlein De la Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Veterinary Specialty Center, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA
| | - Emily M Kozik
- Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Donald S Sakaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Biology Program, Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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165
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Strategies to enhance paracrine potency of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in intractable neonatal disorders. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:214-222. [PMID: 28972960 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation represents the next breakthrough in the treatment of currently intractable and devastating neonatal disorders with complex multifactorial etiologies, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Absent engraftment and direct differentiation of transplanted MSCs, and the "hit-and-run" therapeutic effects of these MSCs suggest that their pleiotropic protection might be attributable to paracrine activity via the secretion of various biologic factors rather than to regenerative activity. The transplanted MSCs, therefore, exert their therapeutic effects not by acting as "stem cells," but rather by acting as "paracrine factors factory." The MSCs sense the microenvironment of the injury site and secrete various paracrine factors that serve several reparative functions, including antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antifibrotic, and/or antibacterial effects in response to environmental cues to enhance regeneration of the damaged tissue. Therefore, the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs might be dependent on their paracrine potency. In this review, we focus on recent investigations that elucidate the specifically regulated paracrine mechanisms of MSCs by injury type and discuss potential strategies to enhance paracrine potency, and thus therapeutic efficacy, of transplanted MSCs, including determining the appropriate source and preconditioning strategy for MSCs and the route and timing of their administration.
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166
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Popkov VA, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Jankauskas SS, Zorov SD, Andrianova NV, Babenko VA, Zorov DB. Bacterial therapy and mitochondrial therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1549-1556. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917120148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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167
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Lian Q, Zhang Y, Liang X, Gao F, Tse HF. Directed Differentiation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1416:289-98. [PMID: 27236679 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess great potential to generate a wide range of cell types including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, bone, cartilage, and lipid cells. This protocol describes in detail how to perform highly efficient, lineage-specific differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with an MSCs fate. The approach uses a clinically compliant protocol with chemically defined media, feeder-free conditions, and a CD105 positive and CD24 negative selection to achieve a single cell-based MSCs derivation from differentiating human pluripotent cells in approximately 20 days. Cells generated with this protocol express typical MSCs surface markers and undergo adipogenesis, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis similar to adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). Nonetheless, compared with adult BM-MSCs, iPSC-MSCs display a higher proliferative capacity, up to 120 passages, without obvious loss of self-renewal potential and constitutively express MSCs surface antigens. MSCs generated with this protocol have numerous applications, including expansion to large scale cell numbers for tissue engineering and the development of cellular therapeutics. This approach has been used to rescue limb ischemia, allergic disorders, and cigarette smoke-induced lung damage and to model mesenchymal and vascular disorders of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhou Lian
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, F/503, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, F/503, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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168
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Morrison TJ, Jackson MV, Cunningham EK, Kissenpfennig A, McAuley DF, O'Kane CM, Krasnodembskaya AD. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modulate Macrophages in Clinically Relevant Lung Injury Models by Extracellular Vesicle Mitochondrial Transfer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:1275-1286. [PMID: 28598224 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0170oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for a cell-based therapy. However, the mechanisms of MSCs' effects in ARDS are not well understood. In this study, we focused on the paracrine effect of MSCs on macrophage polarization and the role of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated mitochondrial transfer. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of human MSCs on macrophage function in the ARDS environment and to elucidate the mechanisms of these effects. METHODS Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were studied in noncontact coculture with human MSCs when stimulated with LPS or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with ARDS. Murine alveolar macrophages (AMs) were cultured ex vivo with/without human MSC-derived EVs before adoptive transfer to LPS-injured mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS MSCs suppressed cytokine production, increased M2 macrophage marker expression, and augmented phagocytic capacity of human MDMs stimulated with LPS or ARDS BALF. These effects were partially mediated by CD44-expressing EVs. Adoptive transfer of AMs pretreated with MSC-derived EVs reduced inflammation and lung injury in LPS-injured mice. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation in MDMs prevented the modulatory effects of MSCs. Generating dysfunctional mitochondria in MSCs using rhodamine 6G pretreatment also abrogated these effects. CONCLUSIONS In the ARDS environment, MSCs promote an antiinflammatory and highly phagocytic macrophage phenotype through EV-mediated mitochondrial transfer. MSC-induced changes in macrophage phenotype critically depend on enhancement of macrophage oxidative phosphorylation. AMs treated with MSC-derived EVs ameliorate lung injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Morrison
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Megan V Jackson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Erin K Cunningham
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D Krasnodembskaya
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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169
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Singh B, Modica-Napolitano JS, Singh KK. Defining the momiome: Promiscuous information transfer by mobile mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:1-17. [PMID: 28502611 PMCID: PMC5681893 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex intracellular organelles that have long been identified as the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells because of the central role they play in oxidative metabolism. A resurgence of interest in the study of mitochondria during the past decade has revealed that mitochondria also play key roles in cell signaling, proliferation, cell metabolism and cell death, and that genetic and/or metabolic alterations in mitochondria contribute to a number of diseases, including cancer. Mitochondria have been identified as signaling organelles, capable of mediating bidirectional intracellular information transfer: anterograde (from nucleus to mitochondria) and retrograde (from mitochondria to nucleus). More recently, evidence is now building that the role of mitochondria extends to intercellular communication as well, and that the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and even whole mitochondria are indeed mobile and can mediate information transfer between cells. We define this promiscuous information transfer function of mitochondria and mtDNA as "momiome" to include all mobile functions of mitochondria and the mitochondrial genome. Herein, we review the "momiome" and explore its role in cancer development, progression, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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170
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Berridge MV, Herst PM, Rowe MR, Schneider R, McConnell MJ. Mitochondrial transfer between cells: Methodological constraints in cell culture and animal models. Anal Biochem 2017; 552:75-80. [PMID: 29158129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the recently discovered phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has gained momentum since it was first described in cell culture systems more than a decade ago. Mitochondria-targeting fluorescent dyes have been repurposed and are now widely used in these studies and in acute disease models, sometimes without due consideration of their limitations, while vectors containing mitochondrially-imported fluorescent proteins have complemented the use of mitochondria-targeting dyes. Genetic approaches that use mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms have also been used in some in vitro studies and in tumor models and are particularly useful where mtDNA is damaged or deleted. These approaches can also be used to study the long-term consequences of mitochondrial transfer such as in bone marrow and organ transplantation and in tumour biology where inherent mitochondrial damage is often a key feature. As research on intercellular mitochondrial transfer moves from cell culture into animal models and human diseases it will be important to understand the limitations of the various techniques in order to apply appropriate methodologies to address physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Berridge
- Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.
| | - P M Herst
- Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - M R Rowe
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - R Schneider
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - M J McConnell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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171
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Janczewski AM, Wojtkiewicz J, Malinowska E, Doboszyńska A. Can Youthful Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton's Jelly Bring a Breath of Fresh Air for COPD? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112449. [PMID: 29156550 PMCID: PMC5713416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality, projected to become the 3rd cause of disease mortality worldwide by 2020. COPD is characterized by persistent and not fully reversible airflow limitation that is usually progressive and is associated with an abnormal chronic inflammatory response of the lung to noxious agents including cigarette smoke. Currently available therapeutic strategies aim to ease COPD symptoms but cannot prevent its progress or regenerate physiological lung structure or function. The urgently needed new approaches for the treatment of COPD include stem cell therapies among which transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy because of the unique properties of these cells. The present review discusses the main biological properties of WJ-MSCs pertinent to their potential application for the treatment of COPD in the context of COPD pathomechanisms with emphasis on chronic immune inflammatory processes that play key roles in the development and progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej M Janczewski
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Jagiellońska 78, 10-357 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Foundation for the Nerve Cells Regeneration, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Malinowska
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Jagiellońska 78, 10-357 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Doboszyńska
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Jagiellońska 78, 10-357 Olsztyn, Poland.
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172
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Shafa M, Ionescu LI, Vadivel A, Collins JJP, Xu L, Zhong S, Kang M, de Caen G, Daneshmand M, Shi J, Fu KZ, Qi A, Wang Y, Ellis J, Stanford WL, Thébaud B. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitor and alveolar epithelial cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:108-125. [PMID: 29056548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease characterized by disrupted lung growth, is the most common complication in extreme premature infants. BPD leads to persistent pulmonary disease later in life. Alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), a subset of which represent distal lung progenitor cells (LPCs), promote normal lung growth and repair. AEC2 depletion may contribute to persistent lung injury in BPD. We hypothesized that induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived AECs prevent lung damage in experimental oxygen-induced BPD. METHODS Mouse AECs (mAECs), miPSCs/mouse embryonic stem sells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs), human (h)iPSCs, hiPSC-derived LPCs and hiPSC-derived AECs were delivered intratracheally to hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Cells were pre-labeled with a red fluorescent dye for in vivo tracking. RESULTS Airway delivery of primary mAECs and undifferentiated murine pluripotent cells prevented hyperoxia-induced impairment in lung function and alveolar growth in neonatal mice. Similar to hUCMSC therapy, undifferentiated hiPSCs also preserved lung function and alveolar growth in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal NOD/SCID mice. Long-term assessment of hiPSC administration revealed local teratoma formation and cellular infiltration in various organs. To develop a clinically relevant cell therapy, we used a highly efficient method to differentiate hiPSCs into a homogenous population of AEC2s. Airway delivery of hiPSC-derived AEC2s and hiPSC-derived LPCs, improved lung function and structure and resulted in long-term engraftment without evidence of tumor formation. CONCLUSIONS hiPSC-derived AEC2 therapy appears effective and safe in this model and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic option for BPD and other lung diseases characterized by AEC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafa
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Arul Vadivel
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer J P Collins
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liqun Xu
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève de Caen
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jenny Shi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Katherine Z Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew Qi
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James Ellis
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada.
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173
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Ariazi J, Benowitz A, De Biasi V, Den Boer ML, Cherqui S, Cui H, Douillet N, Eugenin EA, Favre D, Goodman S, Gousset K, Hanein D, Israel DI, Kimura S, Kirkpatrick RB, Kuhn N, Jeong C, Lou E, Mailliard R, Maio S, Okafo G, Osswald M, Pasquier J, Polak R, Pradel G, de Rooij B, Schaeffer P, Skeberdis VA, Smith IF, Tanveer A, Volkmann N, Wu Z, Zurzolo C. Tunneling Nanotubes and Gap Junctions-Their Role in Long-Range Intercellular Communication during Development, Health, and Disease Conditions. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:333. [PMID: 29089870 PMCID: PMC5651011 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the organization, coordination, and development of cellular networks and multi-cellular systems. Intercellular communication is mediated by soluble factors (including growth factors, neurotransmitters, and cytokines/chemokines), gap junctions, exosomes and recently described tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). It is unknown whether a combination of these communication mechanisms such as TNTs and gap junctions may be important, but further research is required. TNTs are long cytoplasmic bridges that enable long-range, directed communication between connected cells. The proposed functions of TNTs are diverse and not well understood but have been shown to include the cell-to-cell transfer of vesicles, organelles, electrical stimuli and small molecules. However, the exact role of TNTs and gap junctions for intercellular communication and their impact on disease is still uncertain and thus, the subject of much debate. The combined data from numerous laboratories indicate that some TNT mediate a long-range gap junctional communication to coordinate metabolism and signaling, in relation to infectious, genetic, metabolic, cancer, and age-related diseases. This review aims to describe the current knowledge, challenges and future perspectives to characterize and explore this new intercellular communication system and to design TNT-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monique L Den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Cherqui
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Haifeng Cui
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | | | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - David Favre
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Spencer Goodman
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karine Gousset
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Math, California State University, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Nastaran Kuhn
- Division of Cancer Biology, Physical Sciences-Oncology Network, Cancer Tissue Engineering Collaborative Research Program, Program Director, Structural Biology and Molecular Applications Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Claire Jeong
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Robbie Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Maio
- GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, United States
| | | | - Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Roel Polak
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bob de Rooij
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Vytenis A Skeberdis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ian F Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ahmad Tanveer
- Section of Intracellular Trafficking and Neurovirology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Niels Volkmann
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unit of Membrane Trafficking and Pathogenesis, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
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174
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Antunes MA, Lapa E Silva JR, Rocco PR. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in COPD: from bench to bedside. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3017-3027. [PMID: 29081655 PMCID: PMC5652911 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s146671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is the most frequent chronic respiratory disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The major risk factor for COPD development is cigarette smoke, and the most efficient treatment for COPD is smoking cessation. However, even after smoking cessation, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress may persist and continue contributing to disease progression. Although current therapies for COPD (primarily based on anti-inflammatory agents) contribute to the reduction of airway obstruction and minimize COPD exacerbations, none can avoid disease progression or reduce mortality. Within this context, recent advances in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy have made this approach a strong candidate for clinical use in the treatment of several pulmonary diseases. MSCs can be readily harvested from diverse tissues and expanded with high efficiency, and have strong immunosuppressive properties. Preclinical studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes of MSCs therapy for lung disorders, including emphysema. These findings instigated research groups to assess the impact of MSCs in human COPD/emphysema, but clinical results have fallen short of expectations. However, MSCs have demonstrated a good adjuvant role in the clinical scenario. Trials that used MSCs combined with another, primary treatment (eg, endobronchial valves) found that patients derived greater benefit in pulmonary function tests and/or quality of life reports, as well as reductions in systemic markers of inflammation. The present review summarizes and describes the more recent preclinical studies that have been published about MSC therapy for COPD/emphysema and discusses what has already been applied about MSCs treatment in COPD patients in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Lapa E Silva
- Institute of Thoracic Medicine, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rm Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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175
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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent adriamycin nephropathy in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103640-103656. [PMID: 29262590 PMCID: PMC5732756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPS-MSCs) are emerging as attractive options for use in cell replacement therapy, but their effect in kidney diseases remains unknown. Here, we showed that intravenous injection of iPS-MSCs protect against renal function loss in both short-term and long-term models of adriamycin nephropathy (AN). In the short-term AN model, iPS-MSCs conferred a substantial anti-apoptotic effect on tubular cells, associated with a downregulation of Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio and an upregulation of survivin expression. In vitro, conditioned medium from iPS-MSCs (iPSMSC-CM) significantly limited albumin-induced tubular apoptosis and enhanced tubular proliferation, accompanied by a reduced expression of tubular Bax and an elevated expression of Bcl2 and survivin. Oxidative stress was markedly attenuated by iPS-MSCs both in AN mice and in protein-overloaded tubular cells. In the long-term AN model, repeated injections of iPS-MSCs significantly inhibited tubulointerstitial fibrosis and reduced intrarenal deposition of collagen I, collagen IV and αSMA. Modulation of the hedgehog signaling pathway contributed to the anti-fibrotic effect of iPS-MSCs in chronic AN. Finally, we detected that most of the infused iPS-MSCs were entrapped in the lungs. In conclusion, our data support a beneficial role of iPS-MSCs in both acute and chronic AN.
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176
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Farahnak S, McGovern TK, Kim R, O'Sullivan M, Chen B, Lee M, Yoshie H, Wang A, Jang J, Al Heialy S, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Is a Determinant of CD4 T Cell-Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Communication through Membrane Conduits. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3086-3093. [PMID: 28924004 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Activated CD4 T cells connect to airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in vitro via lymphocyte-derived membrane conduits (LMCs) structurally similar to membrane nanotubes with unknown intercellular signals triggering their formation. We examined the structure and function of CD4 T cell-derived LMCs, and we established a role for ASMC-derived basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2b) and FGF receptor (FGFR)1 in LMC formation. Blocking FGF2b's synthesis and FGFR1 function reduced LMC formation. Mitochondrial flux from ASMCs to T cells was partially FGF2b and FGFR1 dependent. LMC formation by CD4 T cells and mitochondrial transfer from ASMCs was increased in the presence of asthmatic ASMCs that expressed more mRNA for FGF2b compared with normal ASMCs. These observations identify ASMC-derived FGF2b as a factor needed for LMC formation by CD4 T cells, affecting intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Farahnak
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Rachael Kim
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Michael O'Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Brian Chen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Minhyoung Lee
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Haruka Yoshie
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Anna Wang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Joyce Jang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; and .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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177
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Abstract
The claudin family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins is essential for tight junction formation and regulation of paracellular transport between epithelial cells. Claudins also play a role in apical-basal cell polarity, cell adhesion and link the tight junction to the actin cytoskeleton to exert effects on cell shape. The function of claudins in paracellular transport has been extensively studied through loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies in cell lines and in animal models, however, their role in morphogenesis has been less appreciated. In this review, we will highlight the importance of claudins during morphogenesis by specifically focusing on their critical functions in generating epithelial tubes, lumens, and tubular networks during organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda I Baumholtz
- a Department of Human Genetics , McGill University , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,b The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Indra R Gupta
- a Department of Human Genetics , McGill University , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,b The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,c Department of Pediatrics , McGill University , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Aimee K Ryan
- a Department of Human Genetics , McGill University , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,b The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,c Department of Pediatrics , McGill University , Montréal , Québec , Canada
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178
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Raik S, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S. Insights into cell-free therapeutic approach: Role of stem cell "soup-ernatant". Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:104-118. [PMID: 28321921 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current advances in medicine have revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine dramatically with newly evolved therapies for repair or replacement of degenerating or injured tissues. Stem cells (SCs) can be harvested from different sources for clinical therapeutics, which include fetal tissues, umbilical cord blood, embryos, and adult tissues. SCs can be isolated and differentiated into desired lineages for tissue regeneration and cell replacement therapy. However, several loopholes need to be addressed properly before this can be extended for large-scale therapeutic application. These include a careful approach for patient safety during SC treatments and tolerance of recipients. SC treatments are associated with a number of risk factors and require successful integration and survival of transplanted cells in the desired microenvironment with concurrent tissue regeneration. Recent studies have focused on developing alternatives that can replace the cell-based therapy using paracrine factors. The development of stem "cell free" therapies can be devoted mainly to the use of soluble factors (secretome), extracellular vesicles, and mitochondrial transfer. The present review emphasizes on the paradigms related to the use of SC-based therapeutics and the potential applications of a cell-free approach as an alternative to cell-based therapy in the area of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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179
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Liang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Yeung SC, Zhen Z, Ip MSM, Tse HF, Lian Q, Mak JCW. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Cigarette Smoke-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:501. [PMID: 28804458 PMCID: PMC5532447 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong relationship between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been well-documented, but the mechanisms by which smoking increases CVD risk appear to be multifactorial and incompletely understood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as an important candidate for cell-based therapy in CVD. We hypothesized that MSCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC-MSCs) or bone marrow (BM-MSCs) might alleviate cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cardiac injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BM-MSCs or iPSC-MSCs on CS-induced changes in serum and cardiac lipid profiles, oxidative stress and inflammation as well as cardiac function in a rat model of passive smoking. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected for exposure to either sham air (SA) as control or 4% CS for 1 h per day for 56 days. On day 29 and 43, human adult BM-MSCs, iPSC-MSCs or PBS were administered intravenously to CS-exposed rats. Results from echocardiography, serum and cardiac lipid profiles, cardiac antioxidant capacity, cardiac pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cardiac morphological changes were evaluated at the end of treatment. iPSC-MSC-treated group showed a greater effect in the improvement of CS-induced cardiac dysfunction over BM-MSCs-treated group as shown by increased percentage left ventricular ejection fraction and percentage fractional shortening, in line with the greater reversal of cardiac lipid abnormality. In addition, iPSC-MSCs administration attenuated CS-induced elevation of cardiac pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as restoration of anti-inflammatory cytokines and anti-oxidative markers, leading to ameliorate cardiac morphological abnormalities. These data suggest that iPSC-MSCs on one hand may restore CS-induced cardiac lipid abnormality and on the other hand may attenuate cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation via inhibition of CS-induced NF-κB activation, leading to improvement of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Thus, iPSC-MSCs may be a promising candidate in cell-based therapy to prevent cardiac complications in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Chun Yeung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zhe Zhen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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180
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Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Popkov VA, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Zorov SD, Jankauskas SS, Babenko VA, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Intercellular Signalling Cross-Talk: To Kill, To Heal and To Rejuvenate. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 26:648-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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181
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Mao F, Tu Q, Wang L, Chu F, Li X, Li HS, Xu W. Mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38008-38021. [PMID: 28402942 PMCID: PMC5514968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells that facilitate tissue regeneration through mechanisms involving self-renewal and differentiation, supporting angiogenesis and tissue cell survival, and limiting inflammation. MSCs were originally identified and expanded in long-term cultures of cells from bone marrow and other organs; and their native identity was recently confined into pericytes and adventitial cells in vascularized tissue. The multipotency, as well as the trophic and immunosuppressive effects, of MSCs have prompted the rapid development of clinical applications for many diseases involving tissue inflammation and immune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Although standard criteria have been established to define MSCs, their therapeutic efficacy has varied significantly among studies due to their natural heterogenicity. Thus, understanding the biological and immunological features of MSCs is critical to standardize and optimize MSCs-based therapy. In this review, we highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSCs-mediated tissue repair and immunosuppression. We also provide an update on the current development of MSCs-based clinical trials, with a detailed discussion of MSC-based cell therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fuliang Chu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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182
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Cell Connections by Tunneling Nanotubes: Effects of Mitochondrial Trafficking on Target Cell Metabolism, Homeostasis, and Response to Therapy. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6917941. [PMID: 28659978 PMCID: PMC5474251 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6917941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communications play a major role in tissue homeostasis and responses to external cues. Novel structures for this communication have recently been described. These tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) consist of thin-extended membrane protrusions that connect cells together. TNTs allow the cell-to-cell transfer of various cellular components, including proteins, RNAs, viruses, and organelles, such as mitochondria. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both naturally present and recruited to many different tissues where their interaction with resident cells via secreted factors has been largely documented. Their immunosuppressive and repairing capacities constitute the basis for many current clinical trials. MSCs recruited to the tumor microenvironment also play an important role in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. MSCs are now the focus of intense scrutiny due to their capacity to form TNTs and transfer mitochondria to target cells, either in normal physiological or in pathological conditions, leading to changes in cell energy metabolism and functions, as described in this review.
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183
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Mahrouf-Yorgov M, Augeul L, Da Silva CC, Jourdan M, Rigolet M, Manin S, Ferrera R, Ovize M, Henry A, Guguin A, Meningaud JP, Dubois-Randé JL, Motterlini R, Foresti R, Rodriguez AM. Mesenchymal stem cells sense mitochondria released from damaged cells as danger signals to activate their rescue properties. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1224-1238. [PMID: 28524859 PMCID: PMC5520168 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protect tissues against cell death induced by ischemia/reperfusion insults. This therapeutic effect seems to be controlled by physiological cues released by the local microenvironment following injury. Recent lines of evidence indicate that MSC can communicate with their microenvironment through bidirectional exchanges of mitochondria. In particular, in vitro and in vivo studies report that MSCs rescue injured cells through delivery of their own mitochondria. However, the role of mitochondria conveyed from somatic cells to MSC remains unknown. By using a co-culture system consisting of MSC and distressed somatic cells such as cardiomyocytes or endothelial cells, we showed that mitochondria from suffering cells acted as danger-signaling organelles that triggered the anti-apoptotic function of MSC. We demonstrated that foreign somatic-derived mitochondria were engulfed and degraded by MSC, leading to induction of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. As a result, the capacity of MSC to donate their mitochondria to injured cells to combat oxidative stress injury was enhanced. We found that similar mechanisms - activation of autophagy, HO-1 and mitochondrial biogenesis - occurred after exposure of MSC to exogenous mitochondria isolated from somatic cells, strengthening the idea that somatic mitochondria alert MSC of a danger situation and subsequently promote an adaptive reparative response. In addition, the cascade of events triggered by the transfer of somatic mitochondria into MSC was recapitulated in a model of myocardial infarction in vivo. Specifically, MSC engrafted into infarcted hearts of mice reduced damage, upregulated HO-1 and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, while inhibition of mitophagy or HO-1 failed to protect against cardiac apoptosis. In conclusion, our study reveals a new facet about the role of mitochondria released from dying cells as a key environmental cue that controls the cytoprotective function of MSC and opens novel avenues to improve the effectiveness of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mahrouf-Yorgov
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 955 Team 12, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Augeul
- INSERM UMR-1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rockefeller, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- INSERM UMR-1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rockefeller, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Jourdan
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 955 Team 12, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Rigolet
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM U955 Team 10, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Manin
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 955 Team 12, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - René Ferrera
- INSERM UMR-1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rockefeller, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- INSERM UMR-1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine, Rockefeller, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Cardiovasculaires and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Henry
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM U955, Plateforme de Cytométrie en flux, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Guguin
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM U955, Plateforme de Cytométrie en flux, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Meningaud
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et Maxillo-Faciale, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,Fédération de Cardiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor-A. Chenevier, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 955 Team 12, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 955 Team 12, Créteil, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Rodriguez
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, Créteil, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité 955 Team 12, Créteil, Paris, France
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184
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Jackson MV, Krasnodembskaya AD. Analysis of Mitochondrial Transfer in Direct Co-cultures of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages (MDM) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2255. [PMID: 28534038 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are adult stem cells which have been shown to improve survival, enhance bacterial clearance and alleviate inflammation in pre-clinical models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. These diseases are characterised by uncontrolled inflammation often underpinned by bacterial infection. The mechanisms of MSC immunomodulatory effects are not fully understood yet. We sought to investigate MSC cell contact-dependent communication with alveolar macrophages (AM), professional phagocytes which play an important role in the lung inflammatory responses and anti-bacterial defence. With the use of a basic direct co-culture system, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry we visualised and effectively quantified MSC mitochondrial transfer to AM through tunnelling nanotubes (TNT). To model the human AM, primary monocytes were isolated from human donor blood and differentiated into macrophages (monocyte derived macrophages, MDM) in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), thus allowing adaptation of an AM-like phenotype (de Almeida et al., 2000; Guilliams et al., 2013). Human bone-marrow derived MSC, were labelled with mitochondria-specific fluorescent stain, washed extensively, seeded into the tissue culture plate with MDMs at the ratio of 1:20 (MSC/MDM) and co-cultured for 24 h. TNT formation and mitochondrial transfer were visualised by confocal microscopy and semi-quantified by flow cytometry. By using the method we described here we established that MSC use TNTs as the means to transfer mitochondria to macrophages. Further studies demonstrated that mitochondrial transfer enhances macrophage oxidative phosphorylation and phagocytosis. When TNT formation was blocked by cytochalasin B, MSC effect on macrophage phagocytosis was completely abrogated. This is the first study to demonstrate TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer from MSC to innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan V Jackson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Anna D Krasnodembskaya
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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185
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Human mesenchymal stromal cells exert HGF dependent cytoprotective effects in a human relevant pre-clinical model of COPD. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38207. [PMID: 27922052 PMCID: PMC5138599 DOI: 10.1038/srep38207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory and tissue reparative properties, which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as COPD. This study examined the mechanisms by which human MSCs protect against elastase induced emphysema. Using a novel human relevant pre-clinical model of emphysema the efficacy of human MSC therapy and optimal cell dose were investigated. Protective effects were examined in the lung through histological examination. Further in vivo experiments examined the reparative abilities of MSCs after tissue damage was established and the role played by soluble factors secreted by MSCs. The mechanism of MSC action was determined in using shRNA gene knockdown. Human MSC therapy and MSC conditioned media exerted significant cytoprotective effects when administered early at the onset of the disease. These protective effects were due to significant anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, mediated in part through MSC production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). When MSC administration was delayed, significant protection of the lung architecture was observed but this was less extensive. MSC cell therapy was more effective than MSC conditioned medium in this emphysema model.
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186
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Jiang D, Gao F, Zhang Y, Wong DSH, Li Q, Tse HF, Xu G, Yu Z, Lian Q. Mitochondrial transfer of mesenchymal stem cells effectively protects corneal epithelial cells from mitochondrial damage. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2467. [PMID: 27831562 PMCID: PMC5260876 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can donate mitochondria to airway epithelial cells and rescue mitochondrial damage in lung injury. We sought to determine whether MSCs could donate mitochondria and protect against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the cornea. Co-culturing of MSCs and corneal epithelial cells (CECs) indicated that the efficiency of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to CECs was enhanced by Rotenone (Rot)-induced oxidative stress. The efficient mitochondrial transfer was associated with increased formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) between MSCs and CECs, tubular connections that allowed direct intercellular communication. Separation of MSCs and CECs by a transwell culture system revealed no mitochiondrial transfer from MSCs to CECs and mitochondrial function was impaired when CECs were exposed to Rot challenge. CECs with or without mitochondrial transfer from MSCs displayed a distinct survival capacity and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Mechanistically, increased filopodia outgrowth in CECs for TNT formation was associated with oxidative inflammation-activated NFκB/TNFαip2 signaling pathways that could be attenuated by reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Furthermore, MSCs grown on a decellularized porcine corneal scaffold were transplanted onto an alkali-injured eye in a rabbit model. Enhanced corneal wound healing was evident following healthy MSC scaffold transplantation. And transferred mitochondria was detected in corneal epithelium. In conclusion, mitochondrial transfer from MSCs provides novel protection for the cornea against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage. This therapeutic strategy may prove relevant for a broad range of mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Sai Hung Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goufeng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Medical Implantable Devices, 12 Yuyan Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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187
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Torralba D, Baixauli F, Sánchez-Madrid F. Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:107. [PMID: 27734015 PMCID: PMC5039171 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate multiple cell processes, including calcium signaling, apoptosis and cell metabolism. Mitochondria contain their own circular genome encoding selected subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Recent findings reveal that, in addition to being maternally inherited, mitochondria can traverse cell boundaries and thus be horizontally transferred between cells. Although, the physiological relevance of this phenomenon is still under debate, mitochondria uptake rescues mitochondrial respiration defects in recipient cells and regulates signaling, proliferation or chemotherapy resistance in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we outline the pathophysiological consequences of horizontal mitochondrial transfer and offer a perspective on the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating their intercellular transmission, including tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, cellular fusion, and GAP junctions. The physiological relevance of mitochondrial transfer and the potential therapeutic application of this exchange for treating mitochondrial-related diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torralba
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Signaling and Inflammation Program, Centro Nacional Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
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188
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Li X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Cui Y, Yeung SC, Ip MSM, Tse HF, Lian Q, Mak JCW. iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells exert SCF-dependent recovery of cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in airway cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:265-277. [PMID: 27641240 PMCID: PMC5264148 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potential cell‐based therapy for pulmonary emphysema in animal models. Our previous study demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived MSCs (iPSC‐MSCs) were superior over bone marrow–derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) in attenuating cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced airspace enlargement possibly through mitochondrial transfer. This study further investigated the effects of iPSC‐MSCs on inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation in a CS‐exposed rat model and examined the effects of the secreted paracrine factor from MSCs as another possible mechanism in an in vitro model of bronchial epithelial cells. Rats were exposed to 4% CS for 1 hr daily for 56 days. At days 29 and 43, human iPSC‐MSCs or BM‐MSCs were administered intravenously. We observed significant attenuation of CS‐induced elevation of circulating 8‐isoprostane and cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant‐1 after iPSC‐MSC treatment. In line, a superior capacity of iPSC‐MSCs was also observed in ameliorating CS‐induced infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in lung sections over BM‐MSCs. In support, the conditioned medium (CdM) from iPSC‐MSCs ameliorated CS medium‐induced apoptosis/proliferation imbalance of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Conditioned medium from iPSC‐MSCs contained higher level of stem cell factor (SCF) than that from BM‐MSCs. Deprivation of SCF from iPSC‐MSC‐derived CdM led to a reduction in anti‐apoptotic and pro‐proliferative capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that iPSC‐MSCs may possess anti‐apoptotic/pro‐proliferative capacity in the in vivo and in vitro models of CS‐induced airway cell injury partly through paracrine secretion of SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuting Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze C Yeung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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189
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Zhang Y, Yu Z, Jiang D, Liang X, Liao S, Zhang Z, Yue W, Li X, Chiu SM, Chai YH, Liang Y, Chow Y, Han S, Xu A, Tse HF, Lian Q. iPSC-MSCs with High Intrinsic MIRO1 and Sensitivity to TNF-α Yield Efficacious Mitochondrial Transfer to Rescue Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:749-763. [PMID: 27641650 PMCID: PMC5063626 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can donate mitochondria and rescue anthracycline-induced cardiomyocyte (CM) damage, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We determined that the superior efficiency of mitochondrial transfer by human induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) is due to high expression of intrinsic Rho GTPase 1 (MIRO1). Further, due to a higher level of TNFαIP2 expression, iPSC-MSCs are more responsive to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced tunneling nanotube (TNT) formation for mitochondrial transfer to CMs, which is regulated via the TNF-α/NF-κB/TNFαIP2 signaling pathway. Inhibition of TNFαIP2 or MIRO1 in iPSC-MSCs reduced the efficiency of mitochondrial transfer and decreased CMs protection. Compared with BM-MSCs, transplantation of iPSC-MSCs into a mouse model of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy resulted in more human mitochondrial retention and bioenergetic preservation in heart tissue. Efficacious transfer of mitochondria from iPSC-MSCs to CMs, due to higher MIRO1 expression and responsiveness to TNF-α-induced nanotube formation, effectively attenuates anthracycline-induced CM damage. Functional mitochondrial transfer of iPSC-MSCs attenuates Dox-induced cardiomyopathy High intrinsic Miro1 in iPSC-MSCs contributes to efficacious mitochondrial transfer iPSC-MSCs are highly responsive to TNF-α-induced tunneling nanotube formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Zhang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoting Liang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Songyan Liao
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wensheng Yue
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin-Ming Chiu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuet-Hung Chai
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yenyen Chow
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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190
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Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media ameliorate diabetic endothelial dysfunction by improving mitochondrial bioenergetics via the Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2181-2198. [PMID: 27613156 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vasculopathy is a major complication of diabetes. Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis due to oxidative stress are a critical causal factor for diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Sirt1, an NAD+-dependent enzyme, is known to play an important protective role through deacetylation of many substrates involved in oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has emerged as a promising cell-free therapy due to the trophic actions of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted molecules. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of MSC-CMs in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, focusing on the Sirt1 signalling pathway and the relevance to mitochondrial function. We found that high glucose-stimulated MSC-CM attenuated several glucotoxicity-induced processes, oxidative stress and apoptosis of endothelial cells of the human umbilical vein. MSC-CM perfusion in diabetic rats ameliorated compromised aortic vasodilatation and alleviated oxidative stress in aortas. We further demonstrated that these effects were dependent on improved mitochondrial function and up-regulation of Sirt1 expression. MSC-CMs activated the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), leading to direct interaction between Akt and Sirt1, and subsequently enhanced Sirt1 expression. In addition, both MSC-CM and Sirt1 activation could increase the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α), as well as increase the mRNA expression of its downstream, mitochondrial, biogenesis-related genes. This indirect regulation was mediated by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Overall our findings indicated that MSC-CM had protective effects on endothelial cells, with respect to glucotoxicity, by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt/Sirt1 pathway, and Sirt1 potentiated mitochondrial biogenesis, through the Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway.
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191
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Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosion of research directed toward better understanding of the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) function during rescue and repair of injured organs and tissues. In addition to delineating cell–cell signaling and molecular controls for MSC differentiation, the field has made particular progress in defining several other mechanisms through which administered MSCs can promote tissue rescue/repair. These include: 1) paracrine activity that involves secretion of proteins/peptides and hormones; 2) transfer of mitochondria by way of tunneling nanotubes or microvesicles; and 3) transfer of exosomes or microvesicles containing RNA and other molecules. Improved understanding of MSC function holds great promise for the application of cell therapy and also for the development of powerful cell-derived therapeutics for regenerative medicine. Focusing on these three mechanisms, we discuss MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and fibrosis and review recent progress with MSC-based or MSC-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Spees
- University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Ste 2, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA.
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, 206 Olsen Blvd., Room 228, MS1114, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A & M University College of Medicine, 206 Olsen Blvd., Room 228, MS1114, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
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192
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Sinclair KA, Yerkovich ST, Hopkins PMA, Chambers DC. Characterization of intercellular communication and mitochondrial donation by mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the human lung. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:91. [PMID: 27406134 PMCID: PMC4942965 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of repairing wounded lung epithelial cells by donating cytoplasmic material and mitochondria. Recently, we characterized two populations of human lung-derived mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from digested parenchymal lung tissue (LT-MSCs) from healthy individuals or from lung transplant recipients’ bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL-MSCs). The aim of this study was to determine whether LT-MSCs and BAL-MSCs are also capable of donating cytoplasmic content and mitochondria to lung epithelial cells. Methods Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial transfer was assessed by co-culturing BEAS2B epithelial cells with Calcein AM or Mitotracker Green FM-labelled MSCs. Transfer was then measured by flow cytometry and validated by fluorescent microscopy. Molecular inhibitors were used to determine the contribution of microtubules/tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs, cytochalasin D), gap junctions (carbenoxolone), connexin-43 (gap26) and microvesicles (dynasore). Results F-actin microtubules/TNTs extending from BM-MSCs, LT-MSCs and BAL-MSCs to bronchial epithelial cells formed within 45 minutes of co-culturing cells. Each MSC population transferred a similar volume of cytoplasmic content to epithelial cells. Inhibiting microtubule/TNTs, gap junction formation and microvesicle endocytosis abrogated the transfer of cytoplasmic material from BM-MSCs, LT-MSCs and BAL-MSCs to epithelial cells. In contrast, blocking connexin-43 gap junction formation had no effect on cytoplasmic transfer. All MSC populations donated mitochondria to bronchial epithelial cells with similar efficiency. Mitochondrial transfer was reduced in all co-cultures after microtubule/TNT or endocytosis inhibition. Gap junction formation inhibition reduced mitochondrial transfer in BM-MSC and BAL-MSC co-cultures but had no effect on transfer in LT-MSC co-cultures. Connexin-43 inhibition did not impact mitochondrial transfer. Finally, bronchial epithelial cells were incapable of donating cytoplasmic content or mitochondria to any MSC population. Conclusion Similar to their bone marrow counterparts, LT-MSCs and BAL-MSCs can donate cytoplasmic content and mitochondria to bronchial epithelial cells via multiple mechanisms. Given that BM-MSCs utilize these mechanisms to mediate the repair of damaged bronchial epithelial cells, both LT-MSCs and BAL-MSCs will probably function similarly. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0354-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Andrew Sinclair
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD, 4032, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Terase Yerkovich
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD, 4032, Australia
| | - Peter Mark-Anthony Hopkins
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD, 4032, Australia
| | - Daniel Charles Chambers
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, Ground Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, QLD, 4032, Australia
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193
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Sinclair KA, Yerkovich ST, Chen T, McQualter JL, Hopkins PMA, Wells CA, Chambers DC. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are Readily Recoverable from Lung Tissue, but not the Alveolar Space, in Healthy Humans. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2548-2558. [PMID: 27352824 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stromal support is critical for lung homeostasis and the maintenance of an effective epithelial barrier. Despite this, previous studies have found a positive association between the number of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the alveolar compartment and human lung diseases associated with epithelial dysfunction. We hypothesised that bronchoalveolar lavage derived MSCs (BAL-MSCs) are dysfunctional and distinct from resident lung tissue MSCs (LT-MSCs). In this study, we comprehensively interrogated the phenotype and transcriptome of human BAL-MSCs and LT-MSCs. We found that MSCs were rarely recoverable from the alveolar space in healthy humans, but could be readily isolated from lung transplant recipients by bronchoalveolar lavage. BAL-MSCs exhibited a CD90Hi , CD73Hi , CD45Neg , CD105Lo immunophenotype and were bipotent, lacking adipogenic potential. In contrast, MSCs were readily recoverable from healthy human lung tissue and were CD90Hi or Lo , CD73Hi , CD45Neg , CD105Int and had full tri-lineage potential. Transcriptional profiling of the two populations confirmed their status as bona fide MSCs and revealed a high degree of similarity between each other and the archetypal bone-marrow MSC. 105 genes were differentially expressed; 76 of which were increased in BAL-MSCs including genes involved in fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. Finally, we found the fibroblast markers collagen 1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in BAL-MSCs. Our data suggests that in healthy humans, lung MSCs reside within the tissue, but in disease can differentiate to acquire a profibrotic phenotype and migrate from their in-tissue niche into the alveolar space. Stem Cells 2016;34:2548-2558.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sinclair
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - S T Yerkovich
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T Chen
- The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J L McQualter
- Lung and Regenerative Medical Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - P M-A Hopkins
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C A Wells
- The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D C Chambers
- School of Medicine, The Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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194
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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195
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Rowlands DJ. Mitochondria dysfunction: A novel therapeutic target in pathological lung remodeling or bystander? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:96-105. [PMID: 27373853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The renascence in mitochondrial research has fueled breakthroughs in our understanding of mitochondrial biology identifying major roles in biological processes ranging from cellular oxygen sensing and regulation of intracellular calcium levels through to initiation of apoptosis or a shift in cell phenotype. Chronic respiratory diseases are no exception to the resurgent interest in mitochondrial biology. Microscopic observations of lungs from patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD show accumulation of dysmorphic mitochondria and provide the first evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in diseased lungs. Recent mechanistic insights have established links between mitochondrial dysfunction or aberrant biogenesis and the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases through playing a causative role in structural remodeling of the lung. The aim here is to discuss the case for a mitochondrial basis of lung remodeling in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. The present article will focus on the question of whether currently available data supports mitochondrial mechanisms as a viable point of therapeutic intervention in respiratory diseases and suggestions for future avenues of research in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Rowlands
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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196
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Yue L, Yao H. Mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammatory responses and cellular senescence: pathogenesis and pharmacological targets for chronic lung diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2305-18. [PMID: 27189175 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, which couple the various cellular processes that regulate metabolism, cell proliferation and survival. Environmental stress can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic changes including reduced mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, as well as mitophagy impairment, which leads to increased ROS, inflammatory responses and cellular senescence. Oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular senescence all have important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In this review, we discuss the current state on how mitochondrial dysfunction affects inflammatory responses and cellular senescence, the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and the potential of mitochondrial transfer and replacement as treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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197
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Mitochondrial function in hypoxic ischemic injury and influence of aging. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:92-116. [PMID: 27321753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a major target in hypoxic/ischemic injury. Mitochondrial impairment increases with age leading to dysregulation of molecular pathways linked to mitochondria. The perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular energetics worsens outcome following hypoxic-ischemic insults in elderly individuals. In response to acute injury conditions, cellular machinery relies on rapid adaptations by modulating posttranslational modifications. Therefore, post-translational regulation of molecular mediators such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α), c-MYC, SIRT1 and AMPK play a critical role in the control of the glycolytic-mitochondrial energy axis in response to hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The deficiency of oxygen and nutrients leads to decreased energetic reliance on mitochondria, promoting glycolysis. The combination of pseudohypoxia, declining autophagy, and dysregulation of stress responses with aging adds to impaired host response to hypoxic-ischemic injury. Furthermore, intermitochondrial signal propagation and tissue wide oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism in response to oxidative stress are emerging as vital to cellular energetics. Recently reported intercellular transport of mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes also play a role in the response to and treatments for ischemic injury. In this review we attempt to provide an overview of some of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapies involved in the alteration of cellular energetics with aging and injury with a neurobiological perspective.
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Liu X, Fang Q, Kim H. Preclinical Studies of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Administration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157099. [PMID: 27280283 PMCID: PMC4900582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been pre-clinically utilized in the treatment of a variety of kinds of diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the current study was to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the published pre-clinical studies of MSC administration in the treatment of COPD in animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search of electronic databases was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 3). The pooled Hedges's g with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was adopted to assess the effect size. Random effect model was used due to the heterogeneity between the studies. A total of 20 eligible studies were included in the current systematic review. The overall meta-analysis showed that MSC administration was significantly in favor of attenuating acute lung injury (Hedges's g = -2.325 ± 0.145 with 95% CI: -2.609 ~ -2.040, P < 0.001 for mean linear intercept, MLI; Hedges's g = -3.488 ± 0.504 with 95% CI: -4.476 ~ -2.501, P < 0.001 for TUNEL staining), stimulating lung tissue repair (Hedges's g = 3.249 ± 0.586 with 95% CI: 2.103~ 4.394, P < 0.001) and improving lung function (Hedges's g = 2.053 ± 0.408 with 95% CI: 1.253 ~ 2.854, P< 0.001). The mechanism of MSC therapy in COPD is through ameliorating airway inflammation (Hedges's g = -2.956 ± 0.371 with 95% CI: -3.683 ~ -2.229, P< 0.001) and stimulating cytokine synthesis that involves lung tissue repair (Hedges's g = 3.103 ± 0.734 with 95% CI: 1.664 ~ 4.541, P< 0.001). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a promising role for MSCs in COPD treatment. Although the COPD models may not truly mimic COPD patients, these pre-clinical studies demonstrate that MSC hold promise in the treatment of chronic lung diseases including COPD. The mechanisms of MSCs role in preclinical COPD treatment may be associated with attenuating airway inflammation as well as stimulating lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijung Kim
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, WonKwang University, Sanbon Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sinha P, Islam MN, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya J. Intercellular mitochondrial transfer: bioenergetic crosstalk between cells. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:97-101. [PMID: 27235808 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial transfer from donor cells to cells of injured tissues is a promising cell-based therapy for effectively bringing about recovery of tissue bioenergetics. Here, we review recent studies on intercellular mitochondrial transfer in organs and cells. We also review studies that shed light on our current understanding of the known mechanisms and conditions that lead to intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mohammad N Islam
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sunita Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jahar Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Abstract
Human mitochondria produce ATP and metabolites to support development and maintain cellular homeostasis. Mitochondria harbor multiple copies of a maternally inherited, non-nuclear genome (mtDNA) that encodes for 13 subunit proteins of the respiratory chain. Mutations in mtDNA occur mainly in the 24 non-coding genes, with specific mutations implicated in early death, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. A significant barrier to new insights in mitochondrial biology and clinical applications for mtDNA disorders is our general inability to manipulate the mtDNA sequence. Microinjection, cytoplasmic fusion, nucleic acid import strategies, targeted endonucleases, and newer approaches, which include the transfer of genomic DNA, somatic cell reprogramming, and a photothermal nanoblade, attempt to change the mtDNA sequence in target cells with varying efficiencies and limitations. Here, we discuss the current state of manipulating mammalian mtDNA and provide an outlook for mitochondrial reverse genetics, which could further enable mitochondrial research and therapies for mtDNA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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