151
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules found to have major regulatory roles in many biological processes. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in knowledge of the role of miRNAs in fracture healing and bone repair. A search of the published literature was performed (using the PubMed database) to include all relevant studies published in English. These studies were then reviewed and the results condensed into this review paper. MiRNAs have now been shown to have significant alterations in expression levels in bone tissue in the presence of fractures. This is thought to be related to the process of fracture healing through effects on osteoblasts and bone growth factors. These small molecules are also detectable in the circulation where their expression appears to be altered by the presence of fractures. Although further research is required in this area, miRNAs may present an opportunity for future clinical applications in fracture management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Nugent
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Merlin Park Hospital, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.
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152
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Chen YS, Guo Q, Guo LJ, Liu T, Wu XP, Lin ZY, He HB, Jiang TJ. GDF8 inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:500-508. [PMID: 28074479 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF8), also called myostatin, is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β super-family. As a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, GDF8 is also associated with bone metabolism. However, the function of GDF8 in bone metabolism is not fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the role of GDF8 in bone metabolism, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that GDF8 had a negative regulatory effect on primary mouse osteoblasts, and promoted receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant GDF8 repressed bone formation and accelerated bone resorption in mice. Furthermore, treatment of aged mice with a GDF8 neutralizing antibody stimulated new bone formation and prevented bone resorption. Thus, our study showed that GDF8 plays a significant regulatory role in bone formation and bone resorption, thus providing a potential therapeutic pathway for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Si Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Gerontology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Juan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Ping Wu
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Bo He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tie-Jian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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153
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Yang M, Li CJ, Sun X, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Su T, Tu ML, Peng H, Lu Q, Liu Q, He HB, Jiang TJ, Lei MX, Wan M, Cao X, Luo XH. MiR-497∼195 cluster regulates angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis by maintaining endothelial Notch and HIF-1α activity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16003. [PMID: 28685750 PMCID: PMC5504303 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific bone vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31hiEmcnhi), is identified as coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The abundance of type CD31hiEmcnhi vessels decrease during ageing. Here we show that expression of the miR-497∼195 cluster is high in CD31hiEmcnhi endothelium but gradually decreases during ageing. Mice with depletion of miR-497∼195 in endothelial cells show fewer CD31hiEmcnhi vessels and lower bone mass. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of miR-497∼195 in murine endothelium alleviates age-related reduction of type CD31hiEmcnhi vessels and bone loss. miR-497∼195 cluster maintains the endothelial Notch activity and HIF-1α stability via targeting F-box and WD-40 domain protein (Fbxw7) and Prolyl 4-hydroxylase possessing a transmembrane domain (P4HTM) respectively. Notably, endothelialium-specific activation of miR-195 by intravenous injection of aptamer-agomiR-195 stimulates CD31hiEmcnhi vessel and bone formation in aged mice. Together, our study indicates that miR-497∼195 regulates angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis. H-type endothelium, defined by the high expression of CD31 and endomucin, is found in the bone where it promotes angiogenesis and osteogensis. Here Yang et al. show that the miR-497∼195 cluster regulates the generation and maintenance of the H-type endothelium by controlling the levels of Notch regulator Fbxw7 and the HIF regulator P4HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Man-Li Tu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hong-Bo He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Tie-Jian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Min-Xiang Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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154
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The multiple therapeutic applications of miRNAs for bone regenerative medicine. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1084-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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155
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Zhai Y, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Cross-talk of MicroRNA and hydrogen sulfide: A novel therapeutic approach for bone diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:1073-1084. [PMID: 28618652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis requires a balance between the bone formation of osteoblasts and bone resorption of osteoclasts to maintain ideal bone mass and bone quality. An imbalance in bone remodeling processes results in bone metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, has attracted the focus of many researchers due to its multiple physiological functions. It has been implicated in anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, angiogenic, cytoprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. H2S has also been shown to exert osteoprotective activity through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which H2S mitigates bone diseases are not completely understood. Experimental evidence suggests that H2S may regulate signaling pathways by directly influencing a gene in the cascade or interacting with some other gasotransmitter (carbon monoxide or nitric oxide) or both. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression by targeting, binding and suppressing mRNAs; thus controlling cell fate. Certainly, bone remodeling is also regulated by miRNAs expression and has been reported in many studies. MicroRNAs also regulate H2S biosynthesis. The inter-regulation of microRNAs and H2S opens a new possibility for exploring the H2S-microRNA crosstalk in bone diseases. However, the relationship between miRNAs, bone development, and H2S is still not well explained. This review focuses on miRNAs and their roles in regulating bone remodeling and possible mechanisms behind H2S mediated bone loss inhibition, H2S-miRNAs crosstalk in relation to the pathophysiology of bone remodeling, and future perspectives for miRNA-H2S as a therapeutic agent for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Zhai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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156
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Tu M, Tang J, He H, Cheng P, Chen C. MiR-142-5p promotes bone repair by maintaining osteoblast activity. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:255-264. [PMID: 27085967 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating bone regeneration and remodeling. However, the pathophysiological roles of microRNAs in bone repair remain unclear. Here we identify a significant upregulation of miR-142-5p correlated with active osteoblastogenesis during the bone healing process. In vitro, miR-142-5p promoted osteoblast activity and matrix mineralization by targeting the gene encoding WW-domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1. We also found that the expression of miR-142-5p in the callus of aged mice was lower than that in the callus of young mice and directly correlated with the age-related delay in bone healing. Furthermore, treatment with agomir-142-5p in the fracture areas stimulated osteoblast activity which repaired the bone fractures in aged mice. Thus, our study revealed that miR-142-5p plays a crucial role in healing fractures by maintaining osteoblast activity, and provided a new molecular target therapeutic strategy for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Tu
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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157
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding single-stranded RNAs that have emerged as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, with an essential role in vertebrate development and different biological processes. This review highlights the recent advances in the function of miRNAs and their roles in bone remodeling and bone diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (∼22 nt), noncoding single-stranded RNAs that have emerged as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. They are essential for vertebrate development and play critical roles in different biological processes related to cell differentiation, activity, metabolism, and apoptosis. A rising number of experimental reports now indicate that miRNAs contribute to every step of osteogenesis and bone homeostasis, from embryonic skeletal development to maintenance of adult bone tissue, by regulating the growth, differentiation, and activity of different cell systems inside and outside the skeleton. Importantly, emerging information from animal studies suggests that targeting miRNAs might become an attractive and new therapeutic approach for osteoporosis or other skeletal diseases, even though there are still major concerns related to potential off target effects and the need of efficient delivery methods in vivo. Moreover, besides their recognized effects at the cellular level, evidence is also gathering that miRNAs are excreted and can circulate in the blood or other body fluids with potential paracrine or endocrine functions. Thus, they could represent suitable candidates for becoming sensitive disease biomarkers in different pathologic conditions, including skeletal disorders. Despite these promising perspectives more work remains to be done until miRNAs can serve as robust therapeutic targets or established diagnostic tools for precision medicine in skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - S Bianciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - D Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Age Related Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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158
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Liu K, Jing Y, Zhang W, Fu X, Zhao H, Zhou X, Tao Y, Yang H, Zhang Y, Zen K, Zhang C, Li D, Shi Q. Silencing miR-106b accelerates osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and rescues against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by targeting BMP2. Bone 2017; 97:130-138. [PMID: 28108317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious health problem worldwide. MicroRNA is a post-transcriptional regulator of gene expression by either promoting mRNA degradation or interfering with mRNA translation of specific target genes. It plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Here, we first demonstrated that miR-106b (miR-106b-5p) negatively regulated osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Then, we found that miR-106b expression increased in C57BL/6 mice with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), and that silencing of miR-106b signaling protected mice against GIOP through promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. At last, we showed that miR-106b inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation partly through directly targeting bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) both in vitro and in the GIOP model. Together, our findings have identified the role and mechanism of miR-106b in negatively regulating osteogenesis. Inhibition of miR-106b might be a potential new strategy for treating osteoporosis and bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Ying Jing
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Xuejie Fu
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Xichao Zhou
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Yunxia Tao
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Donghai Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, No.163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Qin Shi
- Orthopedic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, No.188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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159
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Cheng XG, Li K, Ou SX, Tang GY, Wang QQ, Wang C, Wang L, Tian W. Heterogeneity in Spinal Bone Mineral Density Among Young Adults From Three Eastern Provincial Capital Cities in Mainland China. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:198-204. [PMID: 27140902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study compares spinal volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) with spinal areal bone mineral density (aBMD) among young adults from 3 eastern provincial capital cities in Mainland China. A total of 416 young adults (age range: 20-40 yr) from 3 eastern provincial capital cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou) in Mainland China were recruited in this study. From each subject, the vBMD of the lumbar spine was measured by the Mindways quantitative computed tomography system. Moreover, the aBMD of the lumbar spine, measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was extracted from a previous multicenter large-scale study, and the 420 participants were matched by age, gender, height, weight, as well as geographic territory. The vBMD and the aBMD values were further compared and analyzed. Generally, the bone mineral density (BMD) results were significantly different among participants from the 3 cities (p <0.05). Specifically, both vBMD and aBMD values of participants from Beijing were significantly different from those from Guangzhou (p <0.05). Additionally, a statistically significant difference in aBMD values was also found between participants from Beijing and Shanghai (p <0.05). However, no significant differences were found between participants from Shanghai and Guangzhou in terms of the aBMD and vBMD values (p1 > 0.05 and p2 > 0.05). Interestingly, the overall mean vBMD value was 5.9% greater in women than those in men for all the 3 cities (p <0.001). This study demonstrated an overall heterogeneity in spinal BMD among young adults from 3 eastern provincial capital cities in Mainland China. Specifically, the taller and heavier young adults from the northern part of China have smaller spinal vBMD but higher spinal aBMD values than those who were shorter and lighter from the southern part of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Guang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Xing Ou
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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160
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Kureel J, John AA, Dixit M, Singh D. MicroRNA-467g inhibits new bone regeneration by targeting Ihh/Runx-2 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:35-43. [PMID: 28163186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important post transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play critical role in osteoblast differentiation. In this study we report miR-467g, an uncharacterized novel miRNA, in regulation of osteoblast functions. Over-expression of miR-467g inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Target prediction analysis tools and experimental validation by luciferase 3' UTR reporter assay identified Runx-2 as a direct target of miR-467g. Over expression of miR-467g in osteoblasts down regulated Runx-2 and Ihh signaling components. Furthermore, silencing of miR-467g was done to see its role in Ihh and Runx-2 mediated bone healing and regeneration in a drill hole injury model in BALB/c mice. Silencing of miR-467g led to significant increase in new bone regeneration and Ihh and Runx-2 localization at injury site in a day dependent manner. In conclusion, miR-467g negatively regulates osteogenesis by targeting Ihh/Runx-2 signaling. We, thus, propose that therapeutic approaches targeting miR-467g could be useful in enhancing the new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Aijaz A John
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India.
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161
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Cai L, Li F, Lou Y, Xu N, Kang Y, Yang H. MicroRNA-221 is involved in the regulation of osteoporosis through regulates RUNX2 protein expression and osteoblast differentiation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:126-135. [PMID: 28123639 PMCID: PMC5250709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) has emerged as important factors in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. This study aimed to determine whether miR-221 is involved in the regulation of osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from fresh femoral neck trabecular bone from women undergoing hip replacement due to either osteoporotic fracture (OP group, n = 12) or osteoarthritis in the absence of osteoporosis (Control group, n = 12). Gene expression was quantified using TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR assays and protein production was determined by western blot analysis. The role of miR-221 in osteoblast differentiation was identified by gain or loss function experiment. MiRNA targets were identified using bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MiR-221 was down-regulated in the osteoporotic samples compared with non-osteoporotic controls, and decreased in a C2C12 cell model of osteogenic differentiation. Overexpression of miR-221 resulted in a decrease in the osteogenic potential, as indicated by the reduced expression levels of key osteoblast markers, including osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen, type I, α 1 (COL1A1), whereas inhibition of miR-221 promoted the activity of OC, ALP and COL1A1. Then bioinformatic analysis identified potential target sites of the miR-221 located in the 3' untranslated regions of RUNX2. Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR-221 inhibited RUNX2 gene expression. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-221. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of RUNX2 significantly attenuated the effect of miR-221 on osteoblast markers providing strong evidence that miR-221 mediated the osteoblast differentiation by targeting RUNX2. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data implied that miR-221 played an important part in osteoporosis through regulating RUNX2 expression and osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinquan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
| | - Yulei Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 201805, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
| | - Fengning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 201805, China
| | - Yi Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 201805, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 201805, China
| | - Yifan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 201805, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
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162
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Liu J, Li D, Dang L, Liang C, Guo B, Lu C, He X, Cheung HYS, He B, Liu B, Li F, Lu J, Wang L, Shaikh AB, Jiang F, Lu C, Peng S, Zhang Z, Zhang BT, Pan X, Xiao L, Lu A, Zhang G. Osteoclastic miR-214 targets TRAF3 to contribute to osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40487. [PMID: 28071724 PMCID: PMC5223164 DOI: 10.1038/srep40487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of osteoclastic miRNAs in regulating osteolytic bone metastasis (OBM) of breast cancer is still underexplored. Here, we examined the expression profiles of osteoclastogenic miRNAs in human bone specimens and identified that miR-214-3p was significantly upregulated in breast cancer patients with OBM. Consistently, we found increased miR-214-3p within osteoclasts, which was associated with the elevated bone resorption, during the development of OBM in human breast cancer xenografted nude mice (BCX). Furthermore, genetic ablation of osteoclastic miR-214-3p in nude mice prevent the development of OBM. Conditioned medium from MDA-MB-231 cells dramatically stimulated miR-214-3p expression to promote osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, a series of in vitro study showed that miR-214-3p directly targeted Traf3 to promote osteoclast activity and bone-resorbing activity. In addition, osteoclast-specific miR-214-3p knock-in mice showed remarkably increased bone resorption when compared to the littermate controls, which was attenuated after osteoclast-targeted treatment with Traf3 3'UTR-containing plasmid. In BCX nude mice, osteoclast-targeted antagomir-214-3p delivery could recover the TRAF3 protein expression and attenuate the development of OBM, respectively. Collectively, inhibition of osteoclastic miR-214-3p may be a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients with OBM. Meanwhile, the intraosseous TRAF3 could be a promising biomarker for evaluation of the treatment response of antagomir-214-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Defang Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery in Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine &Translational Science, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Dang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery in Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine &Translational Science, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hilda Y S Cheung
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery in Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine &Translational Science, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing He
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Atik Badshah Shaikh
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Changwei Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen People's Hospital, Ji Nan University Second College of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zongkang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Bao'an Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University &Shenzhen 8th People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Guanghua Integrtive Medicine Hospital/Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery in Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine &Translational Science, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Guanghua Integrtive Medicine Hospital/Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone &Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery in Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine &Translational Science, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Guanghua Integrtive Medicine Hospital/Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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163
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Suttamanatwong S. MicroRNAs in bone development and their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials in osteoporosis. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:90-102. [PMID: 26963177 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2016.1139580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. miRNAs play an important role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression via translational repression and targeting messenger RNA for degradation. In vivo and in vitro evidence has established the importance of miRNAs in physiology and developmental processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. miRNA dysregulation is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, and degenerative diseases. An increasing number of miRNAs have been found to play an important role in bone homeostasis. In this review, the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of bone formation and resorption as well as miRNAs that regulate key transcription factors of osteogenesis are discussed. A special emphasis is given to miRNAs whose direct targets have been identified. The miRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and their therapeutic potential are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Suttamanatwong
- a Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
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164
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Chen H, Ji X, She F, Gao Y, Tang P. miR-628-3p regulates osteoblast differentiation by targeting RUNX2: Possible role in atrophic non-union. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:279-286. [PMID: 28035362 PMCID: PMC5358698 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrophic non-union is a serious complication of fractures. The underlying biological mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are not yet completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a type of endogenous small non-coding RNA, which participate in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. In this study, differentially expressed miRNAs were screened in patients with atrophic nonunion. In total, 4 miRNAs (miR-149*, miR-221, miR-628-3p and miR-654-5p) were upregulated and 7 miRNAs (let-7b*, miR-220b, miR-513a-3p, miR-551a, miR-576-5p, miR-1236 and kshv-miR-K12-6-5p) were downregulated at the fracture sites in patients with atrophic non-union. Among the upregulated miRNAs, miR-628-3p and miR-654-5p expression was found to be persistently decreased during osteoblast differentiation, indicating their possible inhibitory effect on osteogenesis. Gain-of-function experiment demonstrated that miR-628-3p, but not miR-654-5p, attenuated osteoblast differentiation. Further, in silico analysis revealed that runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), the master transcript factor for osteoblast differentiation, was the target of miR-628-3p, which had two binding site-condense regions in the 3′ untranslated region. The exact binding site of miR-628-3p was further identified with luciferase reporter assay. In addition, the overexpression of miR-628-3p appeared to be associated with the suppression of RUNX2 expression at both the mRNA and protein level, suggesting that miR-628-3p inhibits osteoblast differentiation via RUNX2. On the whole, the findings of this study provide evidence of the upregulation of miR-628-3p in patients with atrophic non-union and that miR-628-3p may exert an inhibitory effect on osteogenesis via the suppression of its target gene, RUNX2. The study provides valuable insight into the pathogenesis of atrophic non-union and suggests new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Wukesong, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Wukesong, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fei She
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (304 Hospital), Haidian, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Wukesong, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), Wukesong, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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165
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Liu PK, Liu CH. Epigenetics of amphetamine-induced sensitization: HDAC5 expression and microRNA in neural remodeling. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:90. [PMID: 27931227 PMCID: PMC5146867 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities modify chromatin structure and play a role in learning and memory during developmental processes. Studies of adult mice suggest HDACs are involved in neural network remodeling in brain repair, but its function in drug addiction is less understood. We aimed to examine in vivo HDAC5 expression in a preclinical model of amphetamine-induced sensitization (AIS) of behavior. We generated specific contrast agents to measure HDAC5 levels by in vivo molecular contrast-enhanced (MCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in amphetamine-naïve mice as well as in mice with AIS. To validate the MRI results we used ex vivo methods including in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and transmision electron microscopy. METHODS We compared the expression of HDAC5 mRNA in an acute exposure paradigm (in which animals experienced a single drug exposure [A1]) and in a chronic-abstinence-challenge paradigm (in which animals were exposed to the drug once every other day for seven doses, then underwent 2 weeks of abstinence followed by a challenge dose [A7WA]). Control groups for each of these exposure paradigms were given saline. To delineate how HDAC5 expression was related to AIS, we compared the expression of HDAC5 mRNA at sequences where no known microRNA (miR) binds (hdac5AS2) and at sequences where miR-2861 is known to bind (miD2861). We synthesized and labeled phosphorothioated oligonucleic acids (sODN) of hdac5AS2 or miD2861 linked to superparamagentic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), and generated HDAC5-specific contrast agents (30 ± 20 nm, diameter) for MCE MRI; the same sequences were used for primers for TaqMan® analysis (RT-qPCR) in ex vivo validation. In addition, we used subtraction R2* maps to identify regional HDAC5 expression. RESULTS Naïve C57black6 mice that experience acute exposure to amphetamine (4 mg/kg, by injection intraperitoneally) show expression of both total and phosphorylated (S259) HDAC5 antigens in GFAP+ and GFAP- cells, but the appearance of these cells was attenuated in the chronic paradigm. We found that MCE MRI reports HDAC5 mRNA with precision in physiological conditions because the HDAC5 mRNA copy number reported by TaqMan analysis was positively correlated (with a linear coefficient of 1.0) to the ΔR2* values (the frequency of signal reduction above background, 1/s) measured by MRI. We observed SPION-mid2861 as electron dense nanoparticles (EDNs) of less than 30 nm in the nucleus of the neurons, macrophages, and microglia, but not in glia and endothelia. We found no preferential distribution in any particular type of neural cells, but observed scattered EDNs of 60-150 nm (dia) in lysosomes. In the acute paradigm, mice pretreated with miD2861 (1.2 mmol/kg, i.p./icv) exhibited AIS similar to that exibited by mice in the chronic exposure group, which exhibited null response to mid2861 pretreatment. Moreover, SPION-miD2861 identified enhanced HDAC5 expression in the lateral septum and the striatum after amphetamine, where we found neurprogenitor cells coexpressing NeuN and GFAP. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that miD2681 targets HDAC5 mRNA with precision similar to that of RT-PCR. Our MCE MRI detects RNA-bound nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo, and ex vivo validation methods confirm that EDNs do not accumulate in any particular cell type. As HDAC5 expression may help nullify AIS and identify progenitor cells, the precise delivery of miD2861 may serve as a vehicle for monitoring network remodeling with target specificity and signal sensitivity after drug exposure that identifies brain repair processes in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip K Liu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Contrast-Enhanced MRI Laboratory at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, CNY149 (2301) Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Christina H Liu
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Contrast-Enhanced MRI Laboratory at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and the Harvard Medical School, CNY149 (2301) Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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166
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Hip geometry to predict femoral neck fracture: Only neck width has significant association. APOLLO MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apme.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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167
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Heilmeier U, Hackl M, Skalicky S, Weilner S, Schroeder F, Vierlinger K, Patsch JM, Baum T, Oberbauer E, Lobach I, Burghardt AJ, Schwartz AV, Grillari J, Link TM. Serum miRNA Signatures Are Indicative of Skeletal Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Type 2 Diabetes and Influence Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:2173-2192. [PMID: 27345526 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Standard DXA measurements, including Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) scores, have shown limitations in assessing fracture risk in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), underscoring the need for novel biomarkers and suggesting that other pathomechanisms may drive diabetic bone fragility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are secreted into the circulation from cells of various tissues proportional to local disease severity and were recently found to be crucial to bone homeostasis and T2D. Here, we studied, if and which circulating miRNAs or combinations of miRNAs can discriminate best fracture status in a well-characterized study of diabetic bone disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis (n = 80 postmenopausal women). We then tested the most discriminative and most frequent miRNAs in vitro. Using miRNA-qPCR-arrays, we showed that 48 miRNAs can differentiate fracture status in T2D women and that several combinations of four miRNAs can discriminate diabetes-related fractures with high specificity and sensitivity (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values [AUCs], 0.92 to 0.96; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98). For the osteoporotic study arm, 23 miRNAs were fracture-indicative and potential combinations of four miRNAs showed AUCs from 0.97 to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.93 to 1.00). Because a role in bone homeostasis for those miRNAs that were most discriminative and most present among all miRNA combinations had not been described, we performed in vitro functional studies in human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to investigate the effect of miR-550a-5p, miR-188-3p, and miR-382-3p on osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and cell proliferation. We found that miR-382-3p significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation (p < 0.001), whereas miR-550a-5p inhibited this process (p < 0.001). Both miRNAs, miR-382-3p and miR-550a-5p, impaired adipogenic differentiation, whereas miR-188-3p did not exert an effect on adipogenesis. None of the miRNAs affected significantly cell proliferation. Our data suggest for the first time that miRNAs are linked to fragility fractures in T2D postmenopausal women and should be further investigated for their diagnostic potential and their detailed function in diabetic bone. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Heilmeier
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fabian Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina M Patsch
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Baum
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eleni Oberbauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Forschungszentrum für Traumatologie der Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Burghardt
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Link
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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168
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He K, Hu J, Yu H, Wang L, Tang F, Gu J, Ge L, Wang H, Li S, Hu P, Jin Y. Serine/Threonine Kinase 40 (Stk40) Functions as a Novel Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:351-360. [PMID: 27899448 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation is a precisely coordinated process, and the molecular mechanism regulating the process remains incompletely understood. Here we report the identification of serine/threonine kinase 40 (Stk40) as a novel positive regulator of skeletal myoblast differentiation in culture and fetal skeletal muscle formation in vivo We show that the expression level of Stk40 increases during skeletal muscle differentiation. Down-regulation and overexpression of Stk40 significantly decreases and increases myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, respectively. In vivo, the number of myofibers and expression levels of myogenic markers are reduced in the fetal muscle of Stk40 knockout mice, indicating impaired fetal skeletal muscle formation. Mechanistically, Stk40 controls the protein level of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) to maintain transcriptional activities of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), a family of transcription factor important for skeletal myogenesis. Silencing of HDAC5 expression rescues the reduced myogenic gene expression caused by Stk40 deficiency. Together, our study reveals that Stk40 is required for fetal skeletal muscle development and provides molecular insights into the control of the HDAC5-MEF2 axis in skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Hu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongyao Yu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lina Wang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Tang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Laixiang Ge
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongye Wang
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Li
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Hu
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Jin
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China, .,the Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
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169
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Yuan Y, Zhang L, Tong X, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Guo J, Lei L, Chen X, Tickner J, Xu J, Zou J. Mechanical Stress Regulates Bone Metabolism Through MicroRNAs. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1239-1245. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; the University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Tong
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jianming Guo
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Le Lei
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of Sports Science; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; the University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; the University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology; Shanghai University of Sport; Shanghai P. R. China
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170
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Budak F, Bal SH, Tezcan G, Guvenc F, Akalin EH, Goral G, Deniz G, Oral HB. MicroRNA Expression Patterns of CD8+ T Cells in Acute and Chronic Brucellosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165138. [PMID: 27824867 PMCID: PMC5100978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although our knowledge about Brucella virulence factors and the host response increase rapidly, the mechanisms of immune evasion by the pathogen and causes of chronic disease are still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the immunological factors which belong to CD8+ T cells and their roles in the transition of brucellosis from acute to chronic infection. Using miRNA microarray, more than 2000 miRNAs were screened in CD8+ T cells of patients with acute or chronic brucellosis and healthy controls that were sorted from peripheral blood with flow cytometry and validated through qRT-PCR. Findings were evaluated using GeneSpring GX (Agilent) 13.0 software and KEGG pathway analysis. Expression of two miRNAs were determined to display a significant fold change in chronic group when compared with acute or control groups. Both miRNAs (miR-126-5p and miR-4753-3p) were decreased (p <0.05 or fold change > 2). These miRNAs have the potential to be the regulators of CD8+ T cell-related marker genes for chronic brucellosis infections. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes are involved in MAPK signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, endocytosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesion indicating their potential roles in chronic brucellosis and its progression. It is the first study of miRNA expression analysis of human CD8+ T cells to clarify the mechanism of inveteracy in brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Budak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - S. Haldun Bal
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Tezcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Furkan Guvenc
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - E. Halis Akalin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Guher Goral
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H. Barbaros Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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171
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Li SS, Gu JM, Yu WJ, He JW, Fu WZ, Zhang ZL. Seven novel and six de novo PHEX gene mutations in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1703-1714. [PMID: 27840894 PMCID: PMC5117772 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidase on the X chromosome (PHEX) have been identified as a cause of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH; OMIM 307800). In the present study, we enrolled 43 patients from 18 unrelated families clinically diagnosed with hypophosphatemic rickets and 250 healthy controls. For each available individual, all 22 exons with their exon-intron boundaries of the PHEX gene were directly sequenced. The levels of serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were measured as well. Sequencing analysis detected 17 different PHEX gene mutations, and 7 of these were identified as novel: 3 missense mutations, including c.304G>A (p.Gly102Arg) in exon 3, c.229T>C (p.Cys77Arg) in exon 3 and c.824T>C (p.Leu275Pro) in exon 7; 2 deletion mutations, including c.528delT (p.Glu177LysfsX44) in exon 5 and c.1234delA (p.Ser412ValfsX12) in exon 11; and 2 alternative splicing mutations, including c.436_436+1delAG in intron 4 at splicing donor sites and c.1483-1G>C in intron 13 at splicing acceptor sites. Moreover, 6 mutations were proven to be de novo in 6 sporadic cases and the probands were all females. No mutations were found in the 250 healthy controls. The serum levels of FGF23 varied widely among the patients with XLH, and no significant difference was found when compared with those of the healthy controls. On the whole, the findings of this study provide new insight into the spectrum of PHEX mutations and provide potential evidence of a critical domain in PHEX protein. In addition, the finding of an overlap of the serum FGF23 levels between the patients with XLH and the healthy controls indicates its limited diagnostic value in XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Mei Gu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jia Yu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Wei He
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhen Fu
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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172
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Liu Y, Zhang XL, Chen L, Lin X, Xiong D, Xu F, Yuan LQ, Liao EY. Epigenetic mechanisms of bone regeneration and homeostasis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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173
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Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Wu J, Guo J, Zou D, Chen B, Sun Z, Shen C, Zou J. The roles of exercise in bone remodeling and in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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174
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Lu Q, Tu ML, Li CJ, Zhang L, Jiang TJ, Liu T, Luo XH. GDF11 Inhibits Bone Formation by Activating Smad2/3 in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:500-509. [PMID: 27395058 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0173-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. Recent studies confirmed that GDF11 plays an important role in regulating the regeneration of brain, skeletal muscle, and heart during aging; however, its role in bone metabolism remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of GDF11 on bone metabolism, including bone formation and bone resorption, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that GDF11 inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Mechanistically, GDF11 repressed Runx2 expression by inducing SMAD2/3 phosphorylation during osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of GDF11 inhibited bone formation and accelerated age-related bone loss in mice. Our results also showed that GDF11 had no effect on osteoclast differentiation or bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo. These results provide a further rationale for the therapeutic targeting of GDF11 for the treatment of age-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Man-Li Tu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Jian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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175
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Jin M, Song S, Guo L, Jiang T, Lin ZY. Increased serum GDF11 concentration is associated with a high prevalence of osteoporosis in elderly native Chinese women. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:1145-1147. [PMID: 27557752 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Jin
- Department of Orthopedics; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Endocrinology; The Heji Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shumin Song
- Department of Endocrinology; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Tiejian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
| | - Zhang-Yuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics; The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan China
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176
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Wan Z, Li J, Liu L, Zhang X. CKIP-1 knockout offsets osteoporosis induced by simulated microgravity. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:140-148. [PMID: 27666961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Casein kinase 2-interacting protein 1 (CKIP-1) is a negative regulator for bone formation. CKIP-1 knockout (KO) mice are very important for research on countermeasures to bone loss induced by space microgravity. Under simulated microgravity, the bone metabolism of CKIP-1 KO mice was different than that of wild-type (WT) mice. Many experiments all showed that the KO mice had significantly enhanced ossification in the tail suspension conditions, and the differences were closely related to the time the mice were exposed to the microgravity environment. Our results reveal the effect of CKIP-1 on the regulation of bone metabolism and osteogenesis in vivo and the ability of this gene to offset osteoporosis, and they suggest an approach to the treatment of osteoporosis induced by microgravity in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Logistical College of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China; Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiangsong Wang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongming Wan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Logistical College of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Logistical College of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Logistical College of People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xizheng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Science, Tianjin, China.
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177
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Hackl M, Heilmeier U, Weilner S, Grillari J. Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for bone diseases - Complex signatures for multifactorial diseases? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:83-95. [PMID: 26525415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential tools in clinical research and practice. Useful biomarkers must combine good measurability, validated association with biological processes or outcomes, and should support clinical decision making if used in clinical practice. Several types of validated biomarkers have been reported in the context of bone diseases. However, because these biomarkers face certain limitations there is an interest in the identification of novel biomarkers for bone diseases, specifically in those that are tightly linked to the disease pathology leading to increased fracture-risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most abundant RNA species to be found in cell-free blood. Encapsulated within microvesicles or bound to proteins, circulating miRNAs are remarkably stable analytes that can be measured using gold-standard technologies such as quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR). Nevertheless, the analysis of circulating miRNAs faces several pre-analytical as well as analytical challenges. From a biological view, there is accumulating evidence that miRNAs play essential roles in the regulation of various biological processes including bone homeostasis. Moreover, specific changes in miRNA transcription levels or miRNA secretory levels have been linked to the development and progression of certain bone diseases. Only recently, results from circulating miRNAs analysis in patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis and fragility fractures have been reported. By comparing these findings to studies on circulating miRNAs in cellular senescence and aging or muscle physiology and sarcopenia, several overlaps were observed. This suggests that signatures observed during osteoporosis might not be specific to the pathophysiology in bone, but rather integrate information from several tissue types. Despite these promising first data, more work remains to be done until circulating miRNAs can serve as established and robust diagnostic tools for bone diseases in clinical research, clinical routine and in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Heilmeier
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Johannes Grillari
- Evercyte GmbH, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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178
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Gong K, Qu B, Liao D, Liu D, Wang C, Zhou J, Pan X. MiR-132 regulates osteogenic differentiation via downregulating Sirtuin1 in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ–dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:260-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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179
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miR-23a/b regulates the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Res 2016; 4:16022. [PMID: 27606130 PMCID: PMC4996037 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related osteoporosis is associated with the reduced capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts instead of adipocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms that decide the fate of BMSCs remain unclear. In our study, microRNA-23a, and microRNA-23b (miR-23a/b) were found to be markedly downregulated in BMSCs of aged mice and humans. The overexpression of miR-23a/b in BMSCs promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas the inhibition of miR-23a/b increased adipogenic differentiation. Transmembrane protein 64 (Tmem64), which has expression levels inversely related to those of miR-23a/b in aged and young mice, was identified as a major target of miR-23a/b during BMSC differentiation. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-23a/b has a critical role in the regulation of mesenchymal lineage differentiation through the suppression of Tmem64.
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180
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Marini F, Cianferotti L, Brandi ML. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Bone Biology and Osteoporosis: Can They Drive Therapeutic Choices? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081329. [PMID: 27529237 PMCID: PMC5000726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex multifactorial disorder of the skeleton. Genetic factors are important in determining peak bone mass and structure, as well as the predisposition to bone deterioration and fragility fractures. Nonetheless, genetic factors alone are not sufficient to explain osteoporosis development and fragility fracture occurrence. Indeed, epigenetic factors, representing a link between individual genetic aspects and environmental influences, are also strongly suspected to be involved in bone biology and osteoporosis. Recently, alterations in epigenetic mechanisms and their activity have been associated with aging. Also, bone metabolism has been demonstrated to be under the control of epigenetic mechanisms. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), the master transcription factor of osteoblast differentiation, has been shown to be regulated by histone deacetylases and microRNAs (miRNAs). Some miRNAs were also proven to have key roles in the regulation of Wnt signalling in osteoblastogenesis, and to be important for the positive or negative regulation of both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. Exogenous and environmental stimuli, influencing the functionality of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, may contribute to the development of osteoporosis and other bone disorders, in synergy with genetic determinants. The progressive understanding of roles of epigenetic mechanisms in normal bone metabolism and in multifactorial bone disorders will be very helpful for a better comprehension of disease pathogenesis and translation of this information into clinical practice. A deep understanding of these mechanisms could help in the future tailoring of proper individual treatments, according to precision medicine's principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence and Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence and Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence and Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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181
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Seeliger C, Balmayor ER, van Griensven M. miRNAs Related to Skeletal Diseases. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1261-81. [PMID: 27418331 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs as non-coding, short, double-stranded RNA segments are important for cellular biological functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. miRNAs mainly contribute to the inhibition of important protein translations through their cleavage or direct repression of target messenger RNAs expressions. In the last decade, miRNAs got in the focus of interest with new publications on miRNAs in the context of different diseases. For many types of cancer or myocardial damage, typical signatures of local or systemically circulating miRNAs have already been described. However, little is known about miRNA expressions and their molecular effect in skeletal diseases. An overview of published studies reporting miRNAs detection linked with skeletal diseases was conducted. All regulated miRNAs were summarized and their molecular interactions were illustrated. This review summarizes the involvement and interaction of miRNAs in different skeletal diseases. Thereby, 59 miRNAs were described to be deregulated in tissue, cells, or in the circulation of osteoarthritis (OA), 23 miRNAs deregulated in osteoporosis, and 107 miRNAs deregulated in osteosarcoma (OS). The molecular influences of miRNAs regarding OA, osteoporosis, and OS were illustrated. Specific miRNA signatures for skeletal diseases are described in the literature. Some overlapped, but also unique ones for each disease exist. These miRNAs may present useful targets for the development of new therapeutic approaches and are candidates for diagnostic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Seeliger
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich , Munich, Germany
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182
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Guo ZW, Xie C, Yang JR, Li JH, Yang JH, Zheng L. MtiBase: a database for decoding microRNA target sites located within CDS and 5'UTR regions from CLIP-Seq and expression profile datasets. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2015:bav102. [PMID: 26490638 PMCID: PMC4614282 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Previous studies on miRNA functions mainly focused on their target sites in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs. However, increasing evidence has revealed that miRNAs can also induce mRNA degradation and mediate translational repression via complementary interactions with the coding sequence (CDS) and 5'UTR of mRNAs. In this study, we developed a novel database, MtiBase, to facilitate the comprehensive exploration of CDS- and 5'UTR-located miRNA target sites identified from cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-Seq) datasets and to uncover their regulatory effects on mRNA stability and translation from expression profile datasets. By integrating 61 Argonaute protein-binding CLIP-Seq datasets and miRNA target sites predicted by five commonly used programs, we identified approximately 4 400 000 CDS-located and 470 000 5'UTR-located miRNA target sites. Moreover, we evaluated the regulatory effects of miRNAs on mRNA stability and translation using the data from 222 gene expression profiles, and 28 ribosome-protected fragment sequencing, and six pulsed stable isotope labeling with amino acids in culture. Finally, the effects of SNPs on the functions of miRNA target sites were systematically evaluated. Our study provides a useful tool for functional studies of miRNAs in regulating physiology and pathology. Database URL: http://mtibase.sysu.edu.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol
| | - Chen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Rong Yang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and
| | - Jun-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol
| | - Jian-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,
| | - Limin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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183
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MicroRNAs in regulation of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:229-238. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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184
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Lee WY, Li N, Lin S, Wang B, Lan HY, Li G. miRNA-29b improves bone healing in mouse fracture model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:97-107. [PMID: 27113026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of miRNAs regulates bone remodeling and their levels in circulation were associated with bone fracture, however no miRNAs have yet been shown to improve fracture healing directly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-29b-3p on mice femoral fracture healing through site-specific delivery with microbubble-ultrasound system. miR-29b-3p promoted osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as indicated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Alizarin red S staining. Animal study showed that single injection of miR-29b-3p at week 2 post fracture improved healing outcome as indicated by significant decrease of callus width and area with radiographic analysis without causing significant weight loss. Static bone histomorphometry analysis showed that miR-29b-3p increased bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) measurement showed increased BV/TV of high density bone and bone mineral density (BMD) of the callus. 3 point bending mechanical test showed improved relative stiffness. However, repeated injection of miR-29b-3p at weeks 2 and 3 did not result in additive therapeutic outcome, and caused increased total tissue volume and reduced BMD of the callus. This is the first report showing significant therapeutic effect of miR-29b-3p on femoral fracture healing through site-specific delivery with microbubble-ultrasound system. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to refine the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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185
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Liu X, Xu H, Kou J, Wang Q, Zheng X, Yu T. MiR-9 promotes osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting DKK1 gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:939-46. [PMID: 27393149 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miR-9 and its mechanism on the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to study gene expression. Assay of Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were used to examine osteoblast differentiation. Transfection of miR-9 mimics or lent-shmiR-9 was used to modulate the level of miR-9 in C2C12. Overexpression of miR-9 in C2C12 cells stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast mineralization, as well as the expression of osteoblast marker genes Col I, Ocn and Bsp. Gene silencing of miR-9 in C2C12 resulted in the suppression of alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast mineralization, as well as the expression of Col I, Ocn and Bsp. DKK1 mRNA was not affected by miR-9 overexpression, however, DKK1 protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, DKK1 3'-UTR mediated transcriptional luciferase activity was also significantly suppressed by miR-9 overexpression. DKK1 mRNA was not affected by miR-9 gene silencing, however, DKK1 protein was significantly stimulated. Moreover, DKK1 3'-UTR mediated transcriptional luciferase activity was significantly stimulated by miR-9 gene silencing, and suppressed by miR-9 overexpression, however, DKK1 3'-UTR mutant mediated luciferase activity was unaffected. The siRNA derived gene silencing of DKK1 blocked the inhibiting effect of shmiR-9 on the expression of alkaline phosphatase; and blocked the inhibiting effect of shmiR-9 on the expression of ColI, Ocn and Bsp. MiR-9 promotes osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal cell C2C12 by suppressing the gene expression of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianqiang Kou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Qingdao Central Blood Station, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiujun Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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186
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Shen G, Ren H, Qiu T, Liang D, Xie B, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Yang Z, Jiang X. Implications of the Interaction Between miRNAs and Autophagy in Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:1-12. [PMID: 26922423 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Imbalances between bone formation and resorption are the primary cause of osteoporosis. However, currently, a detailed molecular mechanism of osteoporosis is not available. Autophagy is the conserved process characterized by degrading and recycling aggregated proteins, intracellular pathogens, and damaged organelles. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel regulatory factors that play important roles in numerous cellular processes, including autophagy, through the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Conversely, autophagy plays a role in the regulation of miRNA homeostasis. Recent advances have revealed that both autophagy and miRNAs are involved in the maintenance of bone homoeostasis, whereas the role of the interaction of miRNAs with autophagy in osteoporosis remains unclear. In this paper, we review previous reports on autophagy, miRNAs, and their interaction in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyang Shen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Bo Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhensong Yao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhidong Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Laboratory Affiliated to National Key Discipline of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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187
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miR-2861 acts as a tumor suppressor via targeting EGFR/AKT2/CCND1 pathway in cervical cancer induced by human papillomavirus virus 16 E6. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28968. [PMID: 27364926 PMCID: PMC4929448 DOI: 10.1038/srep28968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus viruses (HPVs) is a casual factor for cervical cancer and its precursors, and the abnormal constitutive expression of viral oncoprotein E6 is a key event during the malignant transformation. Here, we performed miRNA microarray to identify changes of miRNAs following ectopic HPV16 E6 overexpression in HEK293T cells and found miR-2861 was greatly decreased in both HEK293T and HaCaT cells expressing HPV16 E6 compared to vector control. Further, we demonstrated a biological link among HPV16 E6, miR-2861, EGFR, AKT2, and CCND1 in cervical cancer cells. We showed that miR-2861 was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and negatively correlated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR-2861 suppressed cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion and enhanced apoptosis. Subsequent investigation revealed that EGFR, AKT2, and CCND1 were all the direct targets of miR-2861. Importantly, silencing EGFR, AKT2, and/or CCND1 recapitulated the cellular effects seen upon miR-2861 overexpression. Restoration of EGFR, AKT2, and/or CCND1 counteracted the effects of miR-2861 expression. Thus, we identified a new pathway employing miR-2861, EGFR, AKT2, and CCND1 that may mediate HPV16 E6 induced initiation and progression of cervical cancer.
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188
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Chen Y, Guo Q, Zhang M, Song S, Quan T, Zhao T, Li H, Guo L, Jiang T, Wang G. Relationship of serum GDF11 levels with bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal Chinese women. Bone Res 2016; 4:16012. [PMID: 27408764 PMCID: PMC4923943 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is an important circulating factor that regulates aging. However, the role of GDF11 in bone metabolism remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between serum GDF11 level, bone mass, and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal Chinese women. Serum GDF11 level, bone turnover biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined in 169 postmenopausal Chinese women (47-78 years old). GDF11 serum levels increased with aging. There were negative correlations between GDF11 and BMD at the various skeletal sites. After adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI), the correlations remained statistically significant. In the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, age or years since menopause, BMI, GDF11, and estradiol were independent predictors of BMD. A significant negative correlation between GDF11 and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) was identified and remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI. No significant correlation was noted between cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX) and GDF11. In conclusion, GDF11 is an independent negative predictor of BMD and correlates with a biomarker of bone formation, BAP, in postmenopausal Chinese women. GDF11 potentially exerts a negative effect on bone mass by regulating bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Chen
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua, China
| | - Shumin Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | - Lijuan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Tiejian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha, China
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189
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Mencía Castaño I, Curtin CM, Duffy GP, O'Brien FJ. Next generation bone tissue engineering: non-viral miR-133a inhibition using collagen-nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds rapidly enhances osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27941. [PMID: 27297802 PMCID: PMC4906381 DOI: 10.1038/srep27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts are the second most transplanted materials worldwide at a global cost to healthcare systems valued over $30 billion every year. The influence of microRNAs in the regenerative capacity of stem cells offers vast therapeutic potential towards bone grafting; however their efficient delivery to the target site remains a major challenge. This study describes how the functionalisation of porous collagen-nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds with miR-133a inhibiting complexes, delivered using non-viral nHA particles, enhanced human mesenchymal stem cell-mediated osteogenesis through the novel focus on a key activator of osteogenesis, Runx2. This study showed enhanced Runx2 and osteocalcin expression, as well as increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, thus demonstrating a further enhanced therapeutic potential of a biomaterial previously optimised for bone repair applications. The promising features of this platform offer potential for a myriad of applications beyond bone repair and tissue engineering, thus presenting a new paradigm for microRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mencía Castaño
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI &TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI &TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI &TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI &TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland
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190
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Wang T, Yin H, Wang J, Li Z, Wei H, Liu Z, Wu Z, Yan W, Liu T, Song D, Yang X, Huang Q, Zhou W, Xiao J. MicroRNA-106b inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis by targeting RANKL in giant cell tumor of bone. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18980-96. [PMID: 26053181 PMCID: PMC4662469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone consists of three major cell types: giant cells, monocytic cells, and stromal cells. From microarray analysis, we found that miR-106b was down-regulated in GCT clinical samples and further determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, the expression of novel potential target of miR-106b, RANKL, was elevated in GCT along with previously determined targets in other tumors such as IL-8, MMP2 and TWIST. In a RANKL 3′UTR luciferase reporter assays, agomiR-106b repressed the luciferase activity and the effect was eliminated when the targeting site in the reporter was mutated, suggesting a direct regulation of miR-106b on RANKL mRNA. Moreover, overexpression of miR-106b in GCTSCs through TALEN-mediated site-specific knockin clearly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. By grafting the GCT onto the chick CAM, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of miR-106b on RANKL expression and giant cell formation. Furthermore, in an OVX mouse model, silencing of miR-106b increased RANKL protein expression and promoted bone resorption, while up-regulation of miR-106b inhibited bone resorption. These results suggest that miR-106b is a novel suppressor of osteolysis by targeting RANKL and some other cytokines, which indicates that miR-106b may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenxi Li
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi'an Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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191
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Qi Z, Liu W, Lu J. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on bone remodeling: Roles of bone-derived cytokines and microRNAs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:131-139. [PMID: 27179638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is highly dynamic and complex in response to mechanical loading, such as exercise. In this review, we concluded that a number of individual factors are disturbing the clinical effects of exercise on bone remodeling. We updated the progress made on the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in response to mechanical loading, hoping to provide a theoretical basis to improve bone metabolism with exercise. Increasing evidences indicate that bone is not only a structural scaffold but also an endocrine organ, which secretes osteocalcin and FGF23. Both of them have been known as a circulating hormone to promote insulin sensitivity and reduce body fat mass. The effects of exercise on these bone-derived cytokines provide a better understanding of how exercise-induced "osteokine" affects the whole-body homeostasis. Additionally, we discussed recent studies highlighting the post-transcriptional regulation of microRNAs in bone remodeling. We focus on the involvement of the microRNAs in osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, and suggest that microRNAs may be critical for exercise-induced bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weina Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention (East China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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192
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Martin E, Qureshi A, Dasa V, Freitas M, Gimble J, Davis T. MicroRNA regulation of stem cell differentiation and diseases of the bone and adipose tissue: Perspectives on miRNA biogenesis and cellular transcriptome. Biochimie 2016; 124:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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193
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Luo J, Ding H, Liu S, Amer S, Xie L, Lyv W, Su W, Li M, Sun Q, Dai J, He H. Identification of miRNomes reveals ssc-miR-30d-R_1 as a potential therapeutic target for PRRS viral infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24854. [PMID: 27117627 PMCID: PMC4846818 DOI: 10.1038/srep24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is known to cause reproductive disorders, such as abortion, in pregnant sows as well as immunosuppressive respiratory complications, leading to severe respiratory tract infections in young pigs. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the miRNomes in mock- and virus-infected pig lungs was carried out. We found that highly expressed ssc-miR-30d-R_1 was decreased in infected lungs, and reduced levels were significantly correlated with infection by PRRSV. Moreover, ssc-miR-30d-R_1 was shown to target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and to suppress the production of immune cytokines through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. ssc-miR-30d-R_1 significantly reduced viral infections and pathological changes in pig lungs in vivo. Our current study reveals the miRNomes of PRRSV-infected pig lungs and indicates that ssc-miR-30d-R_1 is potential therapeutic agent for controlling PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medicine Sciences, Beijing, 100850, P.R China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, P.R China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310051, P.R China
| | - Said Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafr El sheikh University, Kafr El sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, P.R China
| | - Wenting Lyv
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Wen Su
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Qinmiao Sun
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
| | - Hongxuan He
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R China
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194
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Ozkul Y, Galderisi U. The Impact of Epigenetics on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2393-401. [PMID: 26960183 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in epigenetic marks are known to be important regulatory factors in stem cell fate determination and differentiation. In the past years, the investigation of the epigenetic regulation of stem cell biology has largely focused on embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Contrarily, less is known about the epigenetic control of gene expression during differentiation of adult stem cells (AdSCs). Among AdSCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most investigated stem cell population because of their enormous potential for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In this review, we analyze the main studies addressing the epigenetic changes in MSC landscape during in vitro cultivation and replicative senescence, as well as follow osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte differentiation. In these studies, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and miRNA expression are among the most investigated phenomena. We describe also epigenetic changes that are associated with in vitro MSC trans-differentiation. Although at the at initial stage, the epigenetics of MSCs promise to have profound implications for stem cell basic and applied research. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2393-2401, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Ozkul
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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195
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Papaioannou G. miRNAs in Bone Development. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:427-34. [PMID: 27019617 PMCID: PMC4765530 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150817202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is a multistage process during which mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo proliferation and differentiation and subsequently give rise to bone and cartilage forming cells. Each step is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling molecules. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that miRNAs play significant roles in skeletal development. Identifying their functions may give insights into the treatment of developmental disorders of the skeleton. This review summarizes miRNAs that have been shown to participate in various stages of skeletal development by targeting crucial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Papaioannou
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1101, 50 Blossom Street, Boston MA, 02114, USA
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196
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Nakasa T, Yoshizuka M, Andry Usman M, Elbadry Mahmoud E, Ochi M. MicroRNAs and Bone Regeneration. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:441-52. [PMID: 27019619 PMCID: PMC4765532 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150817213630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone has multiple functions, both morphologically and physiologically, and it frequently features in the pathological condition, including fracture and osteoporosis. For bone regeneration therapy, the regulation of osteoblast differentiation is important. MicroRNA (miRNA)s are short noncoding RNA which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs play an important role not only in a variety of other cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis but also in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Recently, miRNAs have been known to participate in osteoblast differentiation by regulating several signaling pathways including transcription
factors. New insight into the mechanism during osteogenes is affected by miRNAs has been gained. Moreover, therapeutic trials for bone diseases including osteoporosis, fracture and bone defects targeting miRNAs have been examined in animal models. MiRNA therapy will enable development of a bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yoshizuka
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Muhammad Andry Usman
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Elhussein Elbadry Mahmoud
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Ochi
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 734-8551, Japan
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197
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The Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Bone Remodeling and Perspectives as Biomarkers in Osteoporosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1652417. [PMID: 27073801 PMCID: PMC4814634 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1652417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in many cellular and molecular activities and played important roles in many biological and pathological processes, such as tissue formation, cancer development, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it has been reported that microRNAs can modulate the differentiation and activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the key cells that are involved in bone remodeling process. Meanwhile, the results from our and other research groups showed that the expression profiles of microRNAs in the serum and bone tissues are significantly different in postmenopausal women with or without fractures compared to the control. Therefore, it can be postulated that microRNAs might play important roles in bone remodeling and that they are very likely to be involved in the pathological process of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this review, we will present the updated research on the regulatory roles of microRNAs in osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the expression profiles of microRNAs in osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture patients. The perspective of serum microRNAs as novel biomarkers in bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis has also been discussed.
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Dou C, Li N, Ding N, Liu C, Yang X, Kang F, Cao Z, Quan H, Hou T, Xu J, Dong S. HDAC2 regulates FoxO1 during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C780-7. [PMID: 26962001 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00351.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bone-resorbing osteoclast (OC) is essential for bone homeostasis, yet deregulation of OCs contributes to diseases such as osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a key positive regulator during receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) showed increased HDAC2 expression during osteoclastogenesis. HDAC2 overexpression enhanced, whereas HDAC2 deletion suppressed osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption using lentivirus infection. Mechanistically, upon RANKL activation, HDAC2 activated Akt; Akt directly phosphorylates and abrogates Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), which is a negative regulator during osteoclastogenesis through reducing reactive oxygen species. HDAC2 deletion in BMMs resulted in decreased Akt activation and increased FoxO1 activity during osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, HDAC2 activates Akt thus suppresses FoxO1 transcription results in enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Our data imply the potential value of HDAC2 as a new target in regulating osteoclast differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Xiaochao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Hongyu Quan
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Tianyong Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
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199
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Dole NS, Delany AM. MicroRNA variants as genetic determinants of bone mass. Bone 2016; 84:57-68. [PMID: 26723575 PMCID: PMC4755870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant genetic variants that contribute to the heritability of bone mass. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are key post-transcriptional regulators that modulate the differentiation and function of skeletal cells by targeting multiple genes in the same or distinct signaling pathways. SNPs in miRNA genes and miRNA binding sites can alter miRNA abundance and mRNA targeting. This review describes the potential impact of miRNA-related SNPs on skeletal phenotype. Although many associations between SNPs and bone mass have been described, this review is limited to gene variants for which a function has been experimentally validated. SNPs in miRNA genes (miR-SNPs) that impair miRNA processing and alter the abundance of mature miRNA are discussed for miR-146a, miR-125a, miR-196a, miR-149 and miR-27a. SNPs in miRNA targeting sites (miR-TS-SNPs) that alter miRNA binding are described for the bone remodeling genes bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1 (Bmpr1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), osteonectin (Sparc) and histone deacetylase 5 (Hdac5). The review highlights two aspects of miRNA-associated SNPs: the mechanism for altering miRNA mediated gene regulation and the potential of miR-associated SNPs to alter osteoblast, osteoclast or chondrocyte differentiation and function. Given the polygenic nature of skeletal diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, validating the function of additional miRNA-associated SNPs has the potential to enhance our understanding of the genetic determinants of bone mass and predisposition to selected skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Anne M Delany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Wang N, Zhou Z, Wu T, Liu W, Yin P, Pan C, Yu X. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation upregulates microRNA-150-3p and inhibits osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells by targeting β-catenin. Open Biol 2016; 6:150258. [PMID: 26935950 PMCID: PMC4821240 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although systemic or local inflammation, commonly featured by cytokine activation, is implicated in patients with bone loss, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. As microRNAs (miR), a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in essential physiological processes, have been found in bone cells, we aimed to investigate the role of miR for modulating osteogenesis in inflammatory milieu using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Induced by proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, miR-150-3p was identified as a key player in suppressing osteogenic differentiation through downregulating β-catenin, a transcriptional co-activator promoting bone formation. TNF-α treatment increased the levels of miR-150-3p, which directly targeted the 3'-UTR of β-catenin mRNA and in turn repressed its expression. In addition, we observed that miR-150-3p expression was increased by TNF-α via IKK-dependent NF-κB signalling. There are three putative NF-κB binding sites in the promoter region of miR-150, and we identified -686 region as the major NF-κB binding site for stimulation of miR-150 expression by TNF-α. Finally, the osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs was inhibited by either miR-150-3p overexpression or TNF-α treatment, which was prevented by anti-miR-150-3p oligonucleotides. Taken together, our data suggested that miR-150-3p integrated inflammation signalling and osteogenic differentiation and may contribute to the inhibition effects of inflammation on bone formation, thus expanding the pathophysiological functions of microRNAs in bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Department of Emergency, the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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