151
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Basu A, Ramamoorthi G, Albert G, Gallen C, Beyer A, Snyder C, Koski G, Disis ML, Czerniecki BJ, Kodumudi K. Differentiation and Regulation of T H Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669474. [PMID: 34012451 PMCID: PMC8126720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets of TH cells in the tumor which are critical for activation of anti-tumor response either directly by themselves or by stimulating cytotoxic T cell activity. However, presence of immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic TH subsets in the tumor milieu further contributes to the complexity of regulation of TH cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the multifaceted positive and negative effects of TH cells, with an emphasis on regulation of different TH cell subtypes by various immune cells, and how a delicate balance of contradictory signals can influence overall success of cancer immunotherapy. We focus on the regulatory network that encompasses dendritic cell-induced activation of CD4+ TH1 cells and subsequent priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, along with intersecting anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic TH2 cell activity. We further discuss how other tumor infiltrating immune cells such as immunostimulatory TH9 and Tfh cells, immunosuppressive Treg cells, and the duality of TH17 function contribute to tip the balance of anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH responses in the tumor. We highlight the developing knowledge of CD4+ TH1 immune response against neoantigens/oncodrivers, impact of current immunotherapy strategies on CD4+ TH1 immunity, and how opposing action of TH cell subtypes can be explored further to amplify immunotherapy success in patients. Understanding the nuances of CD4+ TH cells regulation and the molecular framework undergirding the balancing act between anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH subtypes is critical for rational designing of immunotherapies that can bypass therapeutic escape to maximize the potential of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Albert
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Corey Gallen
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amber Beyer
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Colin Snyder
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gary Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mary L Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Breast Cancer Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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152
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Chuang TC, Wu K, Lin YY, Kuo HP, Kao MC, Wang V, Hsu SC, Lee SL. Dual down-regulation of EGFR and ErbB2 by berberine contributes to suppression of migration and invasion of human ovarian cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:737-747. [PMID: 33325633 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of EGFR and/or ErbB2 occurs frequently in ovarian cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of berberine on human ovarian cancer cells with different levels of EGFR and/or ErbB2. We found that berberine reduced the motility and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Berberine depleted both EGFR and ErbB2 in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, berberine suppressed the activation of the EGFR and ErbB2 downstream targets cyclin D1, MMPs, and VEGF by down-regulating the EGFR-ErbB2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The berberine-mediated inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity could be rescued by co-treatment with EGF. Finally, we demonstrated that berberine induced ErbB2 depletion through ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. In conclusion, the suppressive effects of berberine on the ovarian cancer cells that differ in the expression of EGFR and ErbB2 may be mediated by the dual depletion of EGFR and/or ErbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuohui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Peng Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vinchi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang Ning, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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153
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Moy B, Oliveira M, Saura C, Gradishar W, Kim SB, Brufsky A, Hurvitz SA, Ryvo L, Fagnani D, Kalmadi S, Silverman P, Delaloge S, Alarcon J, Kwong A, Lee KS, Ang PCS, Ow SGW, Chu SC, Bryce R, Keyvanjah K, Bebchuk J, Zhang B, Oestreicher N, Bose R, Chan N. Neratinib + capecitabine sustains health-related quality of life in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and ≥ 2 prior HER2-directed regimens. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:449-458. [PMID: 33909203 PMCID: PMC8260518 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) from the NALA phase 3 study. METHODS In NALA (NCT01808573), patients were randomized 1:1 to neratinib + capecitabine (N + C) or lapatinib + capecitabine (L + C). HRQoL was assessed using seven prespecified scores from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality Of Life Questionnaire core module (QLQ-C30) and breast cancer-specific questionnaire (QLQ-BR23) at baseline and every 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics summarized scores over time, mixed models evaluated differences between treatment arms, and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess time to deterioration in HRQoL scores of ≥ 10 points. RESULTS Of the 621 patients randomized in NALA, patients were included in the HRQoL analysis if they completed baseline and at least one follow-up questionnaire. The summary, global health status, physical functioning, fatigue, constipation, and systemic therapy side effects scores were stable over time with no persistent differences between treatment groups. There were no differences in time to deterioration (TTD) for the QLQ-C30 summary score between treatment arms; the hazard ratio (HR) for N + C vs. L + C was 0.94 (95% CI 0.63-1.40). Only the diarrhea score worsened significantly more in the N + C arm as compared to the L + C arm, and this remained over time (HR for TTD for N + C vs. L + C was 1.71 [95% CI 1.32-2.23]). CONCLUSION In NALA, patients treated with N + C maintained their global HRQoL over time, despite a worsening of the diarrhea-related scores. These results may help guide optimal treatment selection for HER2-positive MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Moy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Mafalda Oliveira
- Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Saura
- Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William Gradishar
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Adam Brufsky
- Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sara A Hurvitz
- University of California Los Angeles/Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Larisa Ryvo
- Assuta Ashdod Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Daniele Fagnani
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Di Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | | | - Paula Silverman
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Jesus Alarcon
- Servicio de Oncologia, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- Puma Biotechnology Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ron Bose
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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154
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Elamir A, Ajith S, Sawaftah NA, Abuwatfa W, Mukhopadhyay D, Paul V, Al-Sayah MH, Awad N, Husseini GA. Ultrasound-triggered herceptin liposomes for breast cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7545. [PMID: 33824356 PMCID: PMC8024284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of liposomes with monoclonal antibodies is a potential strategy to increase the specificity of liposomes and reduce the side-effects associated with chemotherapeutic agents. The active targeting of the Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2), which is overexpressed in HER2 positive breast cancer cells, can be achieved by coating liposomes with an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. In this study, we synthesized calcein and Doxorubicin-loaded immunoliposomes functionalized with the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab (TRA). Both liposomes were characterized for their size, phospholipid content and antibody conjugation. Exposing the liposomes to low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS) triggered drug release which increased with the increase in power density. Trastuzumab conjugation resulted in enhancing the sensitivity of the liposomes to LFUS. Compared to the control liposomes, TRA-liposomes showed higher cellular toxicity and higher drug uptake by the HER2 + cell line (SKBR3) which was further improved following sonication with LFUS. Combining immunoliposomes with LFUS is a promising technique in the field of targeted drug delivery that can enhance efficiency and reduce the cytotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Elamir
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Saniha Ajith
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nour Al Sawaftah
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Waad Abuwatfa
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Debasmita Mukhopadhyay
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Vinod Paul
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Sayah
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, PO. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nahid Awad
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- grid.411365.40000 0001 2218 0143Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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155
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Perez J, Garrigós L, Gion M, Jänne PA, Shitara K, Siena S, Cortés J. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and beyond. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:811-824. [PMID: 33759669 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1890710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the substantial improvements made in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies since the approval of trastuzumab more than 20 years ago, there is still considerable unmet need in patients with HER2-expressing breast cancer (BC) and other solid tumors. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a newer antibody-drug conjugate approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC) and is under active investigation in other solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and HER2-low tumors. AREAS COVERED The current treatment and investigational landscape of HER2-positive and HER2-low metastatic BC (mBC) and the preclinical and clinical trials investigating T-DXd. To identify relevant literature, a search was performed on English-language publications and congress abstracts. EXPERT OPINION T-DXd is likely to become the standard of care for second-line treatment of HER2-positive mBC, and it may play a role in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive and triple-negative mBC with HER2-low expression. Because it was recently approved in the United States and Japan to treat HER2-positive metastatic GC, it holds promise for the treatment of other HER2-positive solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and HER2-low BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Perez
- International Breast Cancer Center, Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Garrigós
- International Breast Cancer Center, Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gion
- Quironsalud Group, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Niguarda Cancer Center Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Cortés
- International Breast Cancer Center, Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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156
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McNamara KL, Caswell-Jin JL, Joshi R, Ma Z, Kotler E, Bean GR, Kriner M, Zhou Z, Hoang M, Beechem J, Zoeller J, Press MF, Slamon DJ, Hurvitz SA, Curtis C. Spatial proteomic characterization of HER2-positive breast tumors through neoadjuvant therapy predicts response. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:400-413. [PMID: 34966897 PMCID: PMC8713949 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The addition of HER2-targeted agents to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has dramatically improved pathological complete response (pCR) rates in early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer. Nonetheless, up to 50% of patients have residual disease after treatment, while others are likely overtreated. Here, we performed multiplex spatial proteomic characterization of 122 samples from 57 HER2-positive breast tumors from the neoadjuvant TRIO-US B07 clinical trial sampled pre-treatment, after 14-21 d of HER2-targeted therapy and at surgery. We demonstrated that proteomic changes after a single cycle of HER2-targeted therapy aids the identification of tumors that ultimately undergo pCR, outperforming pre-treatment measures or transcriptomic changes. We further developed and validated a classifier that robustly predicted pCR using a single marker, CD45, measured on treatment, and showed that CD45-positive cell counts measured via conventional immunohistochemistry perform comparably. These results demonstrate robust biomarkers that can be used to enable the stratification of sensitive tumors early during neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapy, with implications for tailoring subsequent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. McNamara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Caswell-Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rohan Joshi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ma
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eran Kotler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory R. Bean
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Zoey Zhou
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Zoeller
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F. Press
- Department of Pathology Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis J. Slamon
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara A. Hurvitz
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Curtis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.C.
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157
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Rinne SS, Orlova A, Tolmachev V. PET and SPECT Imaging of the EGFR Family (RTK Class I) in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073663. [PMID: 33915894 PMCID: PMC8036874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR-family, other designations: HER family, RTK Class I) is strongly linked to oncogenic transformation. Its members are frequently overexpressed in cancer and have become attractive targets for cancer therapy. To ensure effective patient care, potential responders to HER-targeted therapy need to be identified. Radionuclide molecular imaging can be a key asset for the detection of overexpression of EGFR-family members. It meets the need for repeatable whole-body assessment of the molecular disease profile, solving problems of heterogeneity and expression alterations over time. Tracer development is a multifactorial process. The optimal tracer design depends on the application and the particular challenges of the molecular target (target expression in tumors, endogenous expression in healthy tissue, accessibility). We have herein summarized the recent preclinical and clinical data on agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) imaging of EGFR-family receptors in oncology. Antibody-based tracers are still extensively investigated. However, their dominance starts to be challenged by a number of tracers based on different classes of targeting proteins. Among these, engineered scaffold proteins (ESP) and single domain antibodies (sdAb) show highly encouraging results in clinical studies marking a noticeable trend towards the use of smaller sized agents for HER imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-704-250-782
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158
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Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Rojas Llimpe FL, Di Fabio F, De Biase D, Rihawi K. Novel HER2-Directed Treatments in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: AnotHER Paradigm Shift? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071664. [PMID: 33916206 PMCID: PMC8036476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed and/or amplified in approximately 15-20% of gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) patients. In 2010, the landmark ToGA trial established the combination of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line standard of care for HER2-positive GC patients with advanced disease. However, subsequent studies on HER2 targeted therapies in this setting failed to meet their primary endpoints, and not all HER2-positive GC patients benefit from targeted approaches. More recently, novel HER2-directed treatments have been investigated, including trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-Dxd); following the results of the DESTINY-Gastric01 study, T-Dxd received its first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval on 15 January 2021 for the treatment of adults with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic GC who have received a prior trastuzumab-based regimen. In this review, we discuss the current HER2-targeted treatments for GC in the advanced disease setting, mainly focusing on emerging new treatments and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dalia Ricci
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic & Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiola Lorena Rojas Llimpe
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
| | - Francesca Di Fabio
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Karim Rihawi
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (F.L.R.L.); (F.D.F.); (K.R.)
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159
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Degu A, Yussuf A. Treatment outcomes among human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer patients: A systematic review. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:1468-1476. [PMID: 33789525 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211005530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) positive breast cancers is rapidly rising worldwide. Although there have been many studies on HER 2 breast cancer treatment and management in recent years, there is a lack of comprehensive reports on the treatment outcomes and disparities within the available literature. Hence, this review aimed to determine the treatment outcomes and their associated factors among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. METHODS A computer-based systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar databases of articles published from 2000 to 2020. The following key terms (HER 2 positive breast cancer, predictor, determinant, associated factor) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms (breast neoplasms, treatment outcome, and risk factors) were used to search the English language published articles. RESULTS In most studies, trastuzumab was the most commonly used treatment regimen used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Generally, most of the studies (15 studies) showed that the overall survival outcome was relatively higher after treatment among HER2 positive breast cancer patients. Nonetheless, two studies showed that the absence of significant change in the overall survival despite adequate treatment was given to the study participants. In addition, three studies demonstrated a partial response after treating HER2-positive breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION Generally, the overall survival outcome was relatively higher after treatment among HER2 positive breast cancer patients. The addition of trastuzumab in most of the studies has shown improvement in the overall survival and the disease-free survival rate of the study patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Degu
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 54663United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Asha Yussuf
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 54663United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
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160
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Sanz-Moreno A, Palomeras S, Pedersen K, Morancho B, Pascual T, Galván P, Benítez S, Gomez-Miragaya J, Ciscar M, Jimenez M, Pernas S, Petit A, Soler-Monsó MT, Viñas G, Alsaleem M, Rakha EA, Green AR, Santamaria PG, Mulder C, Lemeer S, Arribas J, Prat A, Puig T, Gonzalez-Suarez E. RANK signaling increases after anti-HER2 therapy contributing to the emergence of resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:42. [PMID: 33785053 PMCID: PMC8008631 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 15-20% of primary breast cancers are characterized by HER2 protein overexpression and/or HER2 gene amplification. Despite the successful development of anti-HER2 drugs, intrinsic and acquired resistance represents a major hurdle. This study was performed to analyze the RANK pathway contribution in HER2-positive breast cancer and anti-HER2 therapy resistance. METHODS RANK and RANKL protein expression was assessed in samples from HER2-positive breast cancer patients resistant to anti-HER2 therapy and treatment-naive patients. RANK and RANKL gene expression was analyzed in paired samples from patients treated with neoadjuvant dual HER2-blockade (lapatinib and trastuzumab) from the SOLTI-1114 PAMELA trial. Additionally, HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines were used to modulate RANK expression and analyze in vitro the contribution of RANK signaling to anti-HER2 resistance and downstream signaling. RESULTS RANK and RANKL proteins are more frequently detected in HER2-positive tumors that have acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapies than in treatment-naive ones. RANK (but not RANKL) gene expression increased after dual anti-HER2 neoadjuvant therapy in the cohort from the SOLTI-1114 PAMELA trial. Results in HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines recapitulate the clinical observations, with increased RANK expression observed after short-term treatment with the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib or dual anti-HER2 therapy and in lapatinib-resistant cells. After RANKL stimulation, lapatinib-resistant cells show increased NF-κB activation compared to their sensitive counterparts, confirming the enhanced functionality of the RANK pathway in anti-HER2-resistant breast cancer. Overactivation of the RANK signaling pathway enhances ERK and NF-κB signaling and increases lapatinib resistance in different HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, whereas RANK loss sensitizes lapatinib-resistant cells to the drug. Our results indicate that ErbB signaling is required for RANK/RANKL-driven activation of ERK in several HER2-positive cell lines. In contrast, lapatinib is not able to counteract the NF-κB activation elicited after RANKL treatment in RANK-overexpressing cells. Finally, we show that RANK binds to HER2 in breast cancer cells and that enhanced RANK pathway activation alters HER2 phosphorylation status. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a physical and functional link between RANK and HER2 signaling in breast cancer and demonstrate that increased RANK signaling may contribute to the development of lapatinib resistance through NF-κB activation. Whether HER2-positive breast cancer patients with tumoral RANK expression might benefit from dual HER2 and RANK inhibition therapy remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sanz-Moreno
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Present Address: German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, HMGU, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Sonia Palomeras
- New Therapeutics Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Kim Pedersen
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Pascual
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Galván
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Benítez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Gomez-Miragaya
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Present Address: Department of Biomedicine, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Ciscar
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jimenez
- Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Pernas
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), University Hospital of Bellvitge IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Petit
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), University Hospital of Bellvitge IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Soler-Monsó
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), University Hospital of Bellvitge IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Viñas
- New Therapeutics Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Patricia G Santamaria
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celine Mulder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Bijvoet Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Lemeer
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Bijvoet Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutics Targets Lab (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Eva Gonzalez-Suarez
- Oncobell, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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161
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Schick J, Ritchie RP, Restini C. Breast Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarkers: Past, Present, and Future Approaches. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2021; 15:1178223421995854. [PMID: 33994789 PMCID: PMC8100889 DOI: 10.1177/1178223421995854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second-most common cancer. An estimated 281 550 new cases of invasive BC will be diagnosed in women in the United States, and about 43 600 will die during 2021. Continual research has shed light on all disease areas, including tumor classification and biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis. As research investigations evolve, new classes of drugs are emerging with potential benefits in BC treatment that are covered in this manuscript. The initial sections present updated classification and terminology used for diagnosis and prognosis, which leads to the following topics, discussing the past and present treatments available for BC. Our review will generate interest in exploring the complexity of the cell cycle and its association with cancer biology as part of the plethora of target factors toward developing newer drugs and effective therapeutic management of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Schick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
| | - Raquel P Ritchie
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolina Restini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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162
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Liu L, Yang A, Luo W, Liu H, Liu X, Zhao W. Ultrasensitive detection of cyclin D1 by a self-enhanced ECL immunosensor based on Bi 2S 3 quantum dots. Analyst 2021; 146:2057-2064. [PMID: 33538277 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth sulfide quantum dots (Bi2S3 QDs), which have excellent optical and thermoelectric properties, represent a green and non-toxic semiconductor material that has been widely used in catalysis and photoelectric conversion devices. At present, research on this material has gradually expanded into the biological field. Herein, the biomineralization method mediated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) was utilized to synthesize Bi2S3 QDs with monodispersity, excellent colloidal stability, and good biocompatibility. This is the first study on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) characteristics of Bi2S3 QDs and related ECL mechanisms in detail. In addition, on the basis of Bi2S3 QDs, an ECL immunosensor was used for the ultrasensitive measurement of cyclin D1 (CCND1). The composite material, namely Au@Cu-Bi2S3 QDs was used as a high-sensitivity ECL probe, in which AuNPs were connected with Bi2S3 QDs through a copper(ii) ion bridge. PDA-AgNPs made of dopamine (DA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were utilized as a carrier for fixing the primary antibody (Ab1), ultimately presenting a relatively wide detection range of 10 fg mL-1-1 μg mL-1. Moreover, quite a low detection limit (6.34 fg mL-1) was also obtained for an assay of CCND1. Results indicated that the immunosensor can provide a potential platform with fine stability and creditable reproducibility for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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163
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Torres-Martinez Z, Delgado Y, Ferrer-Acosta Y, Suarez-Arroyo IJ, Joaquín-Ovalle FM, Delinois LJ, Griebenow K. Key genes and drug delivery systems to improve the efficiency of chemotherapy. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:163-191. [PMID: 34142021 PMCID: PMC8208690 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells can develop resistance to anticancer drugs, thereby becoming tolerant to treatment through different mechanisms. The biological mechanisms leading to the generation of anticancer treatment resistance include alterations in transmembrane proteins, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, alterations in target molecules, and genetic responses, among others. The most common anti-cancer drugs reported to develop resistance to cancer cells include cisplatin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and fluorouracil. These anticancer drugs have different mechanisms of action, and specific cancer types can be affected by different genes. The development of drug resistance is a cellular response which uses differential gene expression, to enable adaptation and survival of the cell to diverse threatening environmental agents. In this review, we briefly look at the key regulatory genes, their expression, as well as the responses and regulation of cancer cells when exposed to anticancer drugs, along with the incorporation of alternative nanocarriers as treatments to overcome anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zally Torres-Martinez
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Biochemistry & Pharmacology Department, San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, PR 00726, USA
| | - Yancy Ferrer-Acosta
- Neuroscience Department, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | | | - Freisa M Joaquín-Ovalle
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Louis J Delinois
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Chemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico- Rio Piedras campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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164
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Dong C, Wu J, Chen Y, Nie J, Chen C. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Causes Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628690. [PMID: 33790792 PMCID: PMC8005514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy decrease rate of disease recurrence in most breast cancer patients, many patients exhibit acquired resistance. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is associated with drug resistance and cancer progression. Currently, a number of drugs targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR are being investigated in clinical trials by combining them with standard therapies to overcome acquired resistance in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the critical role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in drug resistance, the development of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, and strategies to overcome acquired resistance to standard therapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Department of the Third Breast Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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165
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Validation and comparison of Breast Graded Prognostic Assessment scores in patients with breast cancer and brain metastases. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1761-1768. [PMID: 33704689 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain metastases (BM) occur in 15-35% of patients with metastatic breast cancer, conferring poor prognosis and impairing quality of life. Clinical scores have been developed to classify patients according to their prognosis. We aimed to check the utility of the Breast Graded Prognostic Assessment (B-GPA) and its modified version (mB-GPA) and compare them in routine clinical practice. METHODS This is an ambispective study including all patients with breast cancer BM treated in a single cancer comprehensive center. We analyzed the overall survival (OS) from BM diagnosis until death. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used in the analyses. ROC curves were performed to compare both scores. RESULTS We included 169 patients; median age was 50 years. HER2-positive and triple negative patients were 33.7% and 20.7%, respectively. At the last follow-up, 90% of the patients had died. Median OS was 12 months (95% confidence interval 8.0-16.0 months). OS was worse in patients with > 3 BM and in patients with triple negative subtype. CONCLUSIONS In our series, we confirm that B-GPA and mB-GPA scores correlated with prognosis. ROC curves showed that B-GPA and mB-GPA have similar prognostic capabilities, slightly in favor of mB-GPA.
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166
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Feng Q, Ren Y, Hou A, Guo J, Mao Z, Liu S, Wang B, Bai Z, Hou X. MicroRNA-130a Increases and Predicts Cardiotoxicity during Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Positive Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2021; 24:153-163. [PMID: 33818020 PMCID: PMC8090801 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the changes in microRNA-130a (miR-130a) and its correlation with cardiotoxicity during epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel plus trastuzumab (EC-D+T) adjuvant chemotherapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive (HER2⁺) breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 72 HER2⁺ breast cancer patients who underwent resection and were scheduled to receive EC-D+T adjuvant therapy were consecutively enrolled. The expression of miR-130a and cardiotoxicity (defined as any of the following situations: 1) absolute decline of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 10% and LVEF < 53%; 2) heart failure; 3) acute coronary artery syndromes; and 4) fatal arrhythmia) were assessed every 3 months throughout the 15-month EC-D+T treatment. RESULTS The accumulating cardiotoxicity rate was 12 (16.7%), of which the incidence of heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, life-threatening arrhythmias, ΔLVEF ≥ 10%, and LVEF < 53% was 0 (0.0%), 1 (1.4%), 0 (0.0%), and 12 (16.7%), respectively. Baseline miR-130a expression was negatively correlated with LVEF (%) and positively correlated with cardiac troponin I. The expression of miR-130a gradually increased in both cardiotoxicity and non-cardiotoxicity patients during EC-D+T treatment, while the increment of miR-130a was more obvious in cardiotoxicity patients compared with non-cardiotoxicity patients. Further logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that miR-130a was an independent predictive factor for increased cardiotoxicity risk. CONCLUSION MiR-130a increases constantly and predicts high cardiotoxicity risk during EC-D+T adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2⁺ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Yanbin Ren
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China.
| | - Aijun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Zhezhe Mao
- Second Ward of Respiratory Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Office of Quality Management, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Zhichao Bai
- Department of Cardiology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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167
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Eiger D, Agostinetto E, Saúde-Conde R, de Azambuja E. The Exciting New Field of HER2-Low Breast Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1015. [PMID: 33804398 PMCID: PMC7957750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) characterization, going through clinical research and regulatory approval of HER2-targeted therapies, much has elapsed and is still unfolding. Hitherto, only breast cancer (BC) patients with HER2 immunohistochemistry 3+ or with HER2 gene fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) amplification (a.k.a., HER2-positive BC) have benefited from anti-HER2 agents. In recent years, however, much of the research effort has been expanded, with positive outcomes being reached for formerly known HER2-negative BC that yet express HER2 to some degree (HER2 immunohistochemistry 1+ or 2+, but FISH negative) and are currently being classified as HER2-low BC for the purpose of trial enrollment. In this sense, our aim is to review the body of evidence of HER2-low BC that led to the study of first-generation anti-HER2 agents, like trastuzumab, and how they have failed to achieve any clinical applicability in this setting. In addition, we review new data that is leading to the growing success of the new generation of drugs, especially the promising HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugates. A narrative review is also performed regarding the rationale behind the consolidated and ongoing clinical trials studying anti-HER2 agents in combination with unrelated agents, such as immunotherapy, endocrine therapy, and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Hopefully, all this ongoing research effort will be able to extend the survival benefits seen with anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive disease, at least to some degree, to the greater proportion of patients with HER2-low BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eiger
- Academic Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, L’Universite Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.E.); (E.A.); (R.S.-C.)
| | - Elisa Agostinetto
- Academic Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, L’Universite Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.E.); (E.A.); (R.S.-C.)
- Medical Oncology and Haematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Saúde-Conde
- Academic Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, L’Universite Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.E.); (E.A.); (R.S.-C.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Academic Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, L’Universite Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1000 Brussels, Belgium; (D.E.); (E.A.); (R.S.-C.)
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168
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Zhang Z, Dong L, Zhao C, Zheng P, Zhang X, Xu J. Vaccinia virus-based vector against infectious diseases and tumors. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1578-1585. [PMID: 33606578 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1840887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus was used to prevent smallpox. After the World Health Organization declared smallpox extinct, vaccinia virus has been explored for the development of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases. It also finds a new place in oncolytic therapy. Here we provide a brief review of the history, current status, and future prospect of vaccinia virus-based vaccine and oncolytic virus. New advancements, including a single vaccine targeting multiple viruses, strategies of arming vaccinia viruses to enhance anti-tumor activity, the promise and challenge of combining vaccinia-based virotherapy with immunotherapy, are discussed as special focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter& Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Dong
- Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter& Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter& Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter& Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter& Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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169
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Arsenic hexoxide has differential effects on cell proliferation and genome-wide gene expression in human primary mammary epithelial and MCF7 cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3761. [PMID: 33580144 PMCID: PMC7881197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is reportedly a biphasic inorganic compound for its toxicity and anticancer effects in humans. Recent studies have shown that certain arsenic compounds including arsenic hexoxide (AS4O6; hereafter, AS6) induce programmed cell death and cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells and murine cancer models. However, the mechanisms by which AS6 suppresses cancer cells are incompletely understood. In this study, we report the mechanisms of AS6 through transcriptome analyses. In particular, the cytotoxicity and global gene expression regulation by AS6 were compared in human normal and cancer breast epithelial cells. Using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses, differentially expressed genes in significantly affected biological pathways in these cell types were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting assays. Our data show markedly differential effects of AS6 on cytotoxicity and gene expression in human mammary epithelial normal cells (HUMEC) and Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF7), a human mammary epithelial cancer cell line. AS6 selectively arrests cell growth and induces cell death in MCF7 cells without affecting the growth of HUMEC in a dose-dependent manner. AS6 alters the transcription of a large number of genes in MCF7 cells, but much fewer genes in HUMEC. Importantly, we found that the cell proliferation, cell cycle, and DNA repair pathways are significantly suppressed whereas cellular stress response and apoptotic pathways increase in AS6-treated MCF7 cells. Together, we provide the first evidence of differential effects of AS6 on normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells, suggesting that AS6 at moderate concentrations induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulating genome-wide gene expression, leading to compromised DNA repair and increased genome instability selectively in human breast cancer cells.
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170
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Ashok Kumar P, Paulraj S, Wang D, Huang D, Sivapiragasam A. Associated factors and outcomes of delaying adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by biologic subtypes: a National Cancer Database study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2447-2458. [PMID: 33517468 PMCID: PMC7847714 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have evaluated the role of delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in breast cancer (BC), but the results have remained controversial and an optimal time has not been defined. Our aim was to determine the effect of time to starting AC from the date of surgery on survival of BC patients, based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods A total of 332,927 Stage I–III BC patients who received AC from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed. We included all ER, PR and HER2 statuses and excluded patients with stage 4 and stage 0 (DCIS) disease. The cohort was divided into five groups based on the time of initiating AC from the date of the most definitive surgery i.e., ≤ 30 days, 31–60 days, 61–90 days, 91–120 days and > 120 days. They were further divided into five subgroups based on the receptor status. Results Hazard ratio (HR) estimates and Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis shows that starting AC by 31–60 days shows the best survival outcome in all the subtypes, except in hormone positive/HER2 negative BC in which 31–60 days and 61–90 days have similar outcomes. Conclusions After surgery for BC, it takes around 4–6 weeks to begin AC and delay in initiating the same leads to poor outcomes. Our results are particularly significant in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), similar to prior studies showing a benefit to starting AC as early as possible after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ashok Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Shweta Paulraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Danning Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Abirami Sivapiragasam
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
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171
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Application of Tucatinib and Trastuzumab: Dual Anti HER2 Therapy Against HER2 Positive Breast Cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 36:124-125. [PMID: 33505137 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00863-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Synergism in action of tucatinib and trastumab is reported in breast cancer management. However, its molecular basis is yet to be determined. In this context we attempted to provide an explanation at the molecular level by performing in silico experimentation and coupling its result with already available published observations. Our study will provide basis for planning further experimental study for unravelling the truth.
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172
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Ng S, Sabel MS, Hughes TM, Chang AE, Dossett LA, Jeruss JS. Impact of Breast Cancer Pretreatment Nodal Burden and Disease Subtype on Axillary Surgical Management. J Surg Res 2021; 261:67-73. [PMID: 33421795 PMCID: PMC10166071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of clinically node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has progressed with the potential to avoid the morbidity of axillary lymph node dissection in patients with complete response to therapy. This study addresses the impact of pretreatment nodal burden and tumor subtype on axillary pathologic complete response (AXpCR) in patients treated with NAC to better inform axillary surgical management. METHODS A prospective database was reviewed to identify clinically node-positive patients who underwent NAC followed by axillary lymph node dissection. Patients were stratified in accordance with abnormal nodal burden on pretreatment axillary imaging defined as low (1-2 nodes) or high (≥3 nodes), and biologic subtype defined by hormone receptor (HR+, HR-) and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) status. The primary outcome was AXpCR. RESULTS AXpCR was 43% in the study population. There was no difference in AXpCR between low and high nodal burden groups (44% versus 42%, P = 0.87). Subtype correlated to AXpCR (P < 0.001) with the highest rate (78%) in the HR-/HER2+ group. Overall, HER2+ patients had a significantly higher AXpCR than HER2- subtypes (66% versus 28% P < 0.001). HR and HER2 status were also predictive of AXpCR when comparing patient, tumor, and treatment variables. CONCLUSIONS Biologic subtype better correlated with rates of AXpCR than nodal burden alone with the highest rates of AXpCR in HER2+ patients. Consideration of tumor biology is more informative than nodal burden when evaluating options for axillary management after NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael S Sabel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tasha M Hughes
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alfred E Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lesly A Dossett
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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173
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Appleman LJ. Multifactorial, Biomarker-Based Predictive Models for Immunotherapy Response Enter the Arena. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:7-8. [PMID: 32516413 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard J Appleman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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174
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175
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Tarantino P, Morganti S, Uliano J, Giugliano F, Crimini E, Curigliano G. Margetuximab for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:127-133. [PMID: 33238772 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1856812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No specific standard treatment is currently recommended for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (BC) patients progressing to dual HER2 blockade and to trastuzumab emtansine (TDM-1). However, several novel anti-HER2 agents are emerging and rapidly revolutionizing this setting. Among these, the FC-engineered monoclonal antibody margetuximab has recently demonstrated to slightly improve progression-free survival (PFS) compared with trastuzumab, when combined with chemotherapy for pretreated HER2-positive advanced BC. AREAS COVERED The present review article recapitulates the clinical development of margetuximab, critically discussing its implications in the current landscape of BC treatment algorithms. EXPERT OPINION The clinical role of Margetuximab can only be interpreted in view of the rapidly evolving treatment landscape for pretreated HER2-positive advanced BC. Indeed, the recently approved anti-HER2 agents tucatinib and trastuzumab deruxtecan currently represent appealing options for the post-TDM1 setting, while margetuximab may have a role after progression to the abovementioned agents, in case of a future approval. Regardless of its clinical uptake, it should be noted that the development of margetuximab has relevantly improved our biological understanding of HER2-positive BC, highlighting the implication of patient's genotype in determining treatment outcomes, as well as the relevance of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in the context of HER2-blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tarantino
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Uliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giugliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Crimini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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176
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Wen LP, Cien LK, Xin H, Yee ANJ, Lee NJ, Gorain B, Amin MCIM, Pichika MR. Folic Acid Conjugated Nanocarriers for Efficient Targetability and Promising Anticancer Efficacy for Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review of Recent Updates. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5365-5379. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200721000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest cause of cancer deaths among Women. It is known to be
caused due to mutations in certain receptors, viz. estrogens or progesterones. The most frequently used conventional
treatment strategies against BC include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and partial or entire mastectomy,
however, these strategies are often associated with multiple adverse effects, thus reducing patient compliance.
Advancement of nanotechnology in the medical application has been made to enhance the therapeutic
effectiveness with a significant reduction in the unintended side-effects associated with incorporated anticancer
drugs against cancer. The surface engineering technology of the nanocarriers is more pronounced in delivering
the therapeutics specifically to target cells. Consequently, folic acid, a small molecular ligand for the folate receptor
overexpressed cells, has shown immense response in treating BC cells. Folic acid conjugated nanocarriers
have shown remarkable efficiency in targeting overexpressed folate receptors on the surface of BC cells.
Binding of these target-specific folate-conjugated nanocarriers substantially improves the internalization of chemotherapeutics
in BC cells, without much exposing the other parts of the body. Simultaneously, these folate--
conjugated nanocarriers provide imaging for regular monitoring of targeted drug delivery systems and their responses
to an anticancer therapy. Therefore, this review demonstrates the potential of folate-conjugated nanotherapeutics
for the treatment and theranostic approaches against BC along with the significant challenges to anticancer
therapy, and the prospective insights into the clinical importance and effectiveness of folate conjugate
nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Pei Wen
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ling Kah Cien
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ho Xin
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alvina Ng Jia Yee
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ng Joo Lee
- Undergraduate, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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177
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Bonucci C, Tober N, Palloni A, Frega G, Brandi G. Experimental HER2- targeted therapies for biliary tract cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 30:389-399. [PMID: 33218269 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1854724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) constitute a heterogeneous group of poor-prognosis solid tumors with limited treatment options. In the last decade, global efforts have tried to identify therapeutic targets by genomic profiling of BTC, unveiling several genetic aberrations that could play a prognostic and/or a predictive role in these malignancies.Areas covered: In this review, we will present an overview regarding the role of HER2 targeted therapies in BTC, with a particular focus on clinical studies carried out in this field to date and ongoing trials. A literature search was conducted in August 2020 of Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane library and Scopus databases for published preclinical and clinical studies; moreover, abstract of international cancer meetings (AACR, ASCO, and ESMO) were reviewed.Expert opinion: Despite recent advances in medical oncology, the overall survival of BTC patients remains low and there is an urgent need for novel and more effective treatments. Although HER2 blockade has been suggested to induce durable tumor responses in selected subjects with BTC, controversial results have been reported so far and data from ongoing prospective clinical trials are awaited to further clarify the role of anti-HER2 therapies in BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonucci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nastassja Tober
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Division of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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178
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Hull MA, Rees CJ, Sharp L, Koo S. A risk-stratified approach to colorectal cancer prevention and diagnosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:773-780. [PMID: 33067592 PMCID: PMC7562765 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Population screening and endoscopic surveillance are used widely to prevent the development of and death from colorectal cancer (CRC). However, CRC remains a major cause of cancer mortality and the increasing burden of endoscopic investigations threatens to overwhelm some health services. This Perspective describes the rationale for and approach to improved risk stratification and decision-making for CRC prevention and diagnosis. Limitations of current approaches will be discussed using the UK as an example of the challenges faced by a particular health-care system, followed by discussion of novel risk biomarker utilization. We explore how risk stratification will be advantageous to current health-care providers and users, enabling more efficient use of limited colonoscopy resources. We discuss risk stratification in the setting of population screening as well as the surveillance of high-risk groups and investigation of symptomatic patients. We also address challenges in the development and validation of risk stratification tools and identify key research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hull
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Colin J Rees
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Sara Koo
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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179
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Riecke K, Witzel I. Targeting the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family in Breast Cancer beyond HER2. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 15:579-585. [PMID: 33447231 PMCID: PMC7768135 DOI: 10.1159/000510998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the dichotomous definition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive versus HER2-negative disease undergoing a change through inclusion of the identification of the "HER2-low" category, for which new therapeutic compounds in the form of potent antibody drug conjugates (ADC) may be effective. In addition, resistance to HER2-directed targets has become a clinical challenge and, therefore, strategies to bypass the HER2 receptor are of high interest. These are new HER2 ADCs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as tucatinib or neratinib. The underlying mechanisms of resistance to anti-HER2 therapies and compensatory pathways are complex and a wide range of mechanisms of resistance may coexist in the same cell. Therefore, the combined treatment with agents that interact with HER2-associated downstream signaling pathways like the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and the serine/threonine kinases AKT and mTOR might overcome HER2 resistance. In addition, targeting other members of the HER family is a promising approach to improve outcomes in breast cancer patients. This review gives an overview of treatment strategies in targeting HER2 and other members of the HER family, not only in HER2-positive breast cancer, but also in HER2-low expressing tumors, and of approaches to overcome HER2 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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180
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Yang K, Yang JQ, Luo SH, Mei WJ, Lin JY, Zhan JQ, Wang ZY. Synthesis of N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives and their biological evaluation in vitro and in vivo activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104518. [PMID: 33303210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of (E)-N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives have been rationally designed and efficiently synthesized by one-pot reaction with good yields for the first time. This green approach with wide substrate range and good selectivity can be achieved at room temperature in a short time in the presence of metal-free catalyst. The cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines of all newly obtained compounds have been evaluated by MTT assay. Among them, compound 5 k exhibits high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with an IC50 value of 14.35 μM. The cytotoxic mechanism may involve G2/M phase arrest pathway, which is probably caused by activating DNA damage. Comet test and immunofluorescence results show that compound 5 k can induce DNA damage in time- and dose-dependent manner. Importantly, 5 k also can effectively inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and angiogenesis in the zebrafish xenograft model. It is potential to further develop N-2(5H)-furanonyl sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives as potent drugs for breast cancer treatment with higher cytotoxic activity by modifying the structure of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Jian-Qiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
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181
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Daks AA, Fedorova OA, Shuvalov OY, Parfenev SE, Barlev NA. The Role of ERBB2/HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Receptor in the Regulation of Cell Death. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1277-1287. [PMID: 33202212 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2), also known as ERBB2, CD340, and Neu protooncogene, is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF) family. Members of the ERBB family, including HER2, activate molecular cascades that stimulate proliferation and migration of cancer cells, as well as their resistance to the anticancer therapy. These proteins are often overexpressed and/or mutated in various cancer types and represent promising targets for the anti-cancer therapy. Currently, anti-HER2 drugs have been approved for the treatment of several types of solid tumors. HER2-specific therapy includes monoclonal antibodies and low-molecular weight inhibitors of tyrosine kinase receptors, such as lapatinib, neratinib, and pyrotinib. In addition to the activation of molecular pathways responsible for cell proliferation and survival under stress conditions, HER2 directly regulates programmed cell death. Here, we review the studies focused on the involvement of HER2 in various signaling pathways and its role in the regulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - O A Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - O Y Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - S E Parfenev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194064, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
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182
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Lokuhetty MDS, Wijesinghe HD, Damen JAAG, Lee T, White VA, Cree IA, Indave BI. Prognostic value of the androgen receptor in addition to the established hormone receptors and HER2 status for predicting survival in women with early breast cancer. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menaka Dilani S Lokuhetty
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification; International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC/WHO); Lyon France
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Colombo; Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - Harshima D Wijesinghe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Colombo; Colombo Sri Lanka
| | - Johanna AAG Damen
- Cochrane Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Teresa Lee
- Communications Group; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization; Lyon France
| | - Valerie A White
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification; International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC/WHO); Lyon France
| | - Ian A Cree
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification; International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC/WHO); Lyon France
| | - Blanca Iciar Indave
- WHO Classification of Tumours Group, Section of Evidence Synthesis and Classification; International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC/WHO); Lyon France
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183
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Thanopoulou E, Khader L, Caira M, Wardley A, Ettl J, Miglietta F, Neven P, Guarneri V. Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive (HR+/HER2+) Breast Cancer: A Review of the Current Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3317. [PMID: 33182657 PMCID: PMC7696181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enormous advances have been made in the understanding and treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer (HER2+ BC) in the last 30 years that have resulted in survival gains for affected patients. A growing body of evidence suggests that hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2+ BC and HR-negative (HR-)/HER2+ BC are biologically different, with complex molecular bidirectional crosstalk between the estrogen receptor and HER2 pathway potentially affecting sensitivity to both HER2-targeted and endocrine therapy in patients with HR+/HER2+ BC. Subgroup analyses from trials enrolling patients with HER2+ BC and the results of clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate therapy in patients with HR+/HER2+ BC are helping to guide treatment decisions. In this context, encouraging results with strategies aimed at delaying or reversing drug resistance, including extended adjuvant therapy and the addition of drugs targeting alternative pathways, such as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors, have recently emerged. We have reached the point where tailoring the treatment according to risk and biology has become the paradigm in early BC. However, further clinical trials are needed that integrate translational research principles and identify and consider specific patient subgroups and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Thanopoulou
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK;
| | - Leila Khader
- Eli Lilly Italia S.p.A., 50019 Comune di Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (L.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Morena Caira
- Eli Lilly Italia S.p.A., 50019 Comune di Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (L.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrew Wardley
- The NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility at The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK;
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Federica Miglietta
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Rizzo A, Tavolari S, Ricci AD, Frega G, Palloni A, Relli V, Salati M, Fenocchio E, Massa A, Aglietta M, Brandi G. Molecular Features and Targeted Therapies in Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Promises and Failures. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3256. [PMID: 33158162 PMCID: PMC7694193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) include a heterogenous group of aggressive malignancies with limited therapeutic options. According to their anatomical location, these hepatobiliary tumors are usually classified into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), and gallbladder cancer (GBC). Unfortunately, BTCs are often diagnosed when already metastatic, and although the advent of genomic sequencing has led to a deeper understanding of iCCA pathogenesis, very little data are currently available about the molecular landscape of eCCA. Moreover, despite novel systemic treatments emerging in BTC, the grim prognosis of eCCA patients has not changed in the past decade, and no targeted therapies have been approved so far. The aim of the current review is to provide an overview regarding molecular features and potential targeted therapies in eCCA, together with novel therapeutic approaches and future directions of translational and clinical research on this highly aggressive disease that poses many unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (G.B.)
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
- Center of Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (G.B.)
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (G.B.)
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (G.B.)
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
| | - Valeria Relli
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
- Center of Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy;
- PhD Program Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fenocchio
- Multidisciplinary Outpatient Oncology Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy;
| | - Annamaria Massa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; (A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142 km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; (A.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.R.); (G.F.); (A.P.); (G.B.)
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (S.T.); (V.R.)
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185
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Zabaleta ME, Forbes-Hernández TY, Simal-Gandara J, Quiles JL, Cianciosi D, Bullon B, Giampieri F, Battino M. Effect of polyphenols on HER2-positive breast cancer and related miRNAs: Epigenomic regulation. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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186
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Ji D, Shen W, Zhang J, Cao J, Li W, Lam LH, Wu F, Wang B, Li Z, Sun G, Hu X, Chen SC. A phase I study of pharmacokinetics of trastuzumab emtansine in Chinese patients with locally advanced inoperable or metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer who have received prior trastuzumab-based therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22886. [PMID: 33126339 PMCID: PMC7598804 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that retains the antitumor effects of trastuzumab while also delivering the cytotoxic antimicrotubule agent, DM1, directly to tumor cells that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of T-DM1 has been well characterized in Western, Asian, and Japanese patients; this single-center, phase I study (NCT03153163) examined the PK of T-DM1 and safety specifically in Chinese patients. METHODS Patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane, received open-label T-DM1 at 3.6 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Serum T-DM1 and total trastuzumab, and plasma DM1 were evaluated, and PK parameters were calculated using standard noncompartmental approaches. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed, and immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring antidrug antibodies to T-DM1. RESULTS Among 11 Chinese patients, mean (±standard deviation) PK parameters (maximum serum concentration, 77.6 ± 17.4 μg/mL; clearance 11.0 ± 2.6 mL/d/kg; terminal half-life 3.8 ± 1.0 days) were similar to those previously reported in Western and Japanese patients. One patient transiently developed antidrug antibodies, which did not appear to influence safety or PK. T-DM1 was generally well tolerated. Grade 3-4 AEs occurred in 7 patients (63.6%) and serious AEs occurred in 4 patients (36.4%). Platelet count decrease was the most common all-grade AE (10/11; 90.9%), grade 3-4 AE (5/11; 45.5%), and serious AE (3/11; 27.3%), but did not appear to be associated with any clinically significant bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS T-DM1 PK in Chinese patients was consistent with those in global and Asian populations, supporting its use in patients with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer following progression on trastuzumab and a taxane. The safety profile of T-DM1 was consistent with prior experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ji
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junning Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisa H. Lam
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Roche (China) Holding Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zao Li
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guofang Sun
- Roche (China) Holding Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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187
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Dees S, Ganesan R, Singh S, Grewal IS. Emerging CAR-T Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:2409-2421. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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BeLow M, Osipo C. Notch Signaling in Breast Cancer: A Role in Drug Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102204. [PMID: 33003540 PMCID: PMC7601482 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided into unique molecular subtypes based on protein expression of the Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and/or the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2. Therapeutic approaches are designed to inhibit these overexpressed receptors either by endocrine therapy, targeted therapies, or combinations with cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, a significant percentage of breast cancers are inherently resistant or acquire resistance to therapies, and mechanisms that promote resistance remain poorly understood. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that regulates cell fate, including survival and self-renewal of stem cells, proliferation, or differentiation. Deregulation of Notch signaling promotes resistance to targeted or cytotoxic therapies by enriching of a small population of resistant cells, referred to as breast cancer stem cells, within the bulk tumor; enhancing stem-like features during the process of de-differentiation of tumor cells; or promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting the Notch pathway can prevent or reverse resistance through reduction or elimination of breast cancer stem cells. However, Notch inhibitors have yet to be clinically approved for the treatment of breast cancer, mainly due to dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of Notch-mediated resistance in breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells, and various methods of targeting Notch through γ-secretase inhibitors, Notch signaling biologics, or transcriptional inhibitors. We also discuss future plans for identification of novel Notch-targeted therapies, in order to reduce toxicity and improve outcomes for women with resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenna BeLow
- Integrated Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA;
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Integrated Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60513, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-708-327-2372
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189
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Dobre EG, Dinescu S, Costache M. Connecting the Missing Dots: ncRNAs as Critical Regulators of Therapeutic Susceptibility in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2698. [PMID: 32967267 PMCID: PMC7565380 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether acquired or de novo, drug resistance remains a significant hurdle in achieving therapeutic success in breast cancer (BC). Thus, there is an urge to find reliable biomarkers that will help in predicting the therapeutic response. Stable and easily accessible molecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regarded as valuable prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets since they act as crucial regulators of the various mechanisms involved in BC drug resistance. Here, we reviewed the current literature on ncRNAs as mediators of resistance to systemic therapies in BC. Interestingly, upon integrating data results from individual studies, we concluded that miR-221, miR-222, miR-451, Urothelial Carcinoma Associated 1 (UCA1), and Growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) are strong candidates as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets since they are regulating multiple drug resistance phenotypes in BC. However, further research around their clinical implications is needed to validate and integrate them into therapeutic applications. Therefore, we believe that our review may provide relevant evidence for the selection of novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for BC and will serve as a foundation for future translational research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- AMS Genetic Lab, 030882 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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190
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Jensen SG, Thomas PE, Christensen IJ, Balslev E, Hansen A, Høgdall E. Evaluation of analytical accuracy of HER2 status in patients with breast cancer: Comparison of HER2 GPA with HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH. APMIS 2020; 128:573-582. [PMID: 32860265 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene status and overexpression, occurring in ~ 13.6% of primary breast cancers, is essential for identifying patients likely to benefit from biological treatment. In this method of evaluation study, we tested and compared the HER2 gene-protein assay (GPA) with routine HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The GPA was evaluated using 67 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) HER2 equivoval IHC (2+) breast cancer tissue samples. Overall, agreement between GPA silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and FISH was 91.9% (57/62). Regression analysis revealed slightly higher, but non-significant difference in HER2/chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP17) ratio for GPA as compared to FISH (p = 0.074). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.94 and Spearman´s rank correlation coefficients of 0.93 (p < 0.0001) for FISH and GPA SISH suggested strong inter-observer association for methods with one observer counting on average 0.23 significant higher for GPA SISH (p = 0.014). Intra-observer IHC method reproducibility was 52.6% (κ = 0.3122, p = 0.004) and 79.7% (κ = 0.6428, p = 0.9197), suggesting fair significant and substantial non-significant difference between tests for reviewers. Inter-observer reproducibility for IHC methods was 53%. While inter-observer reproducibility for experienced IHC interpretation suggested significant differences (κ = 0.3636, p = 0.0332), unexperienced interpretation of IHC GPA suggested fair non-significant difference between reviewers (κ = 0.3101, p = 0.0747). Using FISH as reference, the diagnostic indices for GPA SISH were as follows: sensitivity 100%, specificity 95% and accuracy 92%. Inaccuracy between tests was in 80% of cases due to ISH categorization as equivocal by one of the methods. IHC results highlight that it may be beneficial with a method for simultaneously visualization of HER2 gene and protein status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Alastair Hansen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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191
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Watanuki R, Shimomura A, Yazaki S, Noda-Narita S, Sumiyoshi-Okuma H, Nishikawa T, Tanioka M, Sudo K, Shimoi T, Noguchi E, Yonemori K, Tamura K. Survival outcomes in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive metastatic breast cancer administered a therapy following trastuzumab emtansine treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22331. [PMID: 32957402 PMCID: PMC7505390 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) has been widely used in Japan to treat patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who were previously administered trastuzumab and a taxane. However, there is no information about the treatment outcomes after exposure to T-DM1 in Japanese patients with HER2-positive MBC. In this study, we aimed to describe the survival outcomes of patients with HER2-positive MBC who received a treatment following T-DM1 and clarify the predictive factors of their prognosis.We retrospectively identified patients with HER2-positive MBC who received T-DM1 between April 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, at the National Cancer Center Hospital, and focused on the population that received another line of therapy following T-DM1 discontinuation.Thirty patients were available for the outcome analysis. Median progression-free survival (PFS) of the first subsequent therapy was 6.0 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.1-6.4], whereas the median overall survival (OS) from the first subsequent therapy was 20.6 months (95% CI 13.5 months to not reached). We divided the patients into 2 groups according to their PFS with T-DM1 treatment and compared their PFS with the subsequent therapy. The results revealed a significant difference in the median PFS with the first subsequent treatment between patients with the PFS of less than and more than 3 months [5.1 (95% CI 1.7-6.2) vs 6.2 (95% CI 4.0-11.3) months, P = .03].This is the first study to evaluate the survival outcomes of post-T-DM1 therapy in Japanese patients with HER2-positive MBC. A short PFS with T-DM1 might affect the PFS with a treatment after T-DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rurina Watanuki
- Department of Breast Surgery
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Shimomura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Global Health and Medicine
| | - Shu Yazaki
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Shoko Noda-Narita
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
- Clinical Trial Management Section, Research Management Division, Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tadaaki Nishikawa
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Maki Tanioka
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Tatsunori Shimoi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Emi Noguchi
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
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192
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Ciruelos E, Villagrasa P, Pascual T, Oliveira M, Pernas S, Paré L, Escrivá-de-Romaní S, Manso L, Adamo B, Martínez E, Cortés J, Vazquez S, Perelló A, Garau I, Melé M, Martínez N, Montaño A, Bermejo B, Morales S, Echarri MJ, Vega E, González-Farré B, Martínez D, Galván P, Canes J, Nuciforo P, Gonzalez X, Prat A. Palbociclib and Trastuzumab in HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: Results from the Phase II SOLTI-1303 PATRICIA Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5820-5829. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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193
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Development and biological assessment of MMAE-trastuzumab antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Breast Cancer 2020; 28:216-225. [PMID: 32889587 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 (HER2), is a therapeutic option used for the treatment of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. The primary purpose of the present study was to establish a trastuzumab-based antibody drug conjugate (ADC) to enhance the biopharmaceutical profile of trastuzumab. METHODS In this study, trastuzumab was linked to the microtubule-disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) through a peptide linker. Following conjugation, MMAE-trastuzumab ADCs were characterized using SDS-PAGE, UV/VIS, and cell-based ELISA. The inhibitory effects of the ADCs were measured on MDA-MB-453 (HER2-positive cells) and HEK-293 (HER2-negative cells) using in vitro cell cytotoxicity and colony formation assays. RESULTS Our findings showed that approximately 3.4 MMAE payloads were conjugated to trastuzumab. MMAE-trastuzumab ADCs produced six bands, including H2L2, H2L, HL, H2, H, and L in non-reducing SDS-PAGE. The conjugates exhibited the same binding ability to MDA-MB-453 as unconjugated trastuzumab. The MTT assay showed a significant improvement in the trastuzumab activity following MMAE conjugation, representing a higher antitumor activity as compared with unconjugated trastuzumab. Furthermore, ADCs were capable of potentially inhibiting colony formation in HER2-positive cells, as compared with trastuzumab. CONCLUSION MMAE-trastuzumab ADCs represent a promising therapeutic strategy to treat HER2-positive breast cancer.
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194
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Choong GM, Cullen GD, O'Sullivan CC. Evolving standards of care and new challenges in the management of HER2-positive breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2020; 70:355-374. [PMID: 32813307 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) has rapidly evolved over the last 20 years. Major advances have led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of 7 HER2-targeted therapies for the treatment of early-stage and/or advanced-stage disease. Although oncologic outcomes continue to improve, most patients with advanced HER2-positive BC ultimately die of their disease because of primary or acquired resistance to therapy, and patients with HER2-positive early BC who have residual invasive disease after preoperative systemic therapy are at a higher risk of distant recurrence and death. The concept of treatment de-escalation and escalation is increasingly important to optimally tailor therapy for patients with HER2-positive BC and is a major focus of the current review. Research efforts in this regard are discussed as well as updates regarding the evolving standard of care in the (neo)adjuvant and metastatic settings, including the use of novel combination therapies. The authors also briefly discuss ongoing challenges in the management of HER2-positive BC (eg, intrinsic vs acquired drug resistance, the identification of predictive biomarkers, the integration of imaging techniques to guide clinical practice), and the treatment of HER2-positive brain metastases. Research aimed at superseding these challenges will be imperative to ensure continued progress in the management of HER2-positive BC going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M Choong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Grace D Cullen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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195
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Stepula E, Wang XP, Srivastav S, König M, Levermann J, Kasimir-Bauer S, Schlücker S. 6-Color/1-Target Immuno-SERS Microscopy on the Same Single Cancer Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32321-32327. [PMID: 32573192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent clinical need for multicolor imaging of single cancer cells (no ensemble averaging) for identifying heterogenous expression of predictive biomarkers. Specifically, the comprehensive characterization of single disseminated tumor cells (sDTCs) responsible for metastatic relapse is the key to personalized therapy for patients. Current bioimaging methods lack the necessary multicolor capacity and suffer from background/autofluorescence. Both these central limitations can be overcome by immuno-SERS microscopy using SERS nanotags conjugated to antibodies. Here, we demonstrate the proof of concept for 6-color iSERS microscopy on the same single cancer cell. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the most prominent breast cancer marker, is localized on the membrane of single SkBr-3 cells, which overexpress HER2 and are an accepted model for sDTCs in breast cancer. This work paves the way for future multicolor/multitarget imaging for characterizing heterogeneous protein expression at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Stepula
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Supriya Srivastav
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Janina Levermann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5, Essen 45141, Germany
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196
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Zervantonakis IK, Poskus MD, Scott AL, Selfors LM, Lin JR, Dillon DA, Pathania S, Sorger PK, Mills GB, Brugge JS. Fibroblast-tumor cell signaling limits HER2 kinase therapy response via activation of MTOR and antiapoptotic pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16500-16508. [PMID: 32601199 PMCID: PMC7368275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000648117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the implementation of multiple HER2-targeted therapies, patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer ultimately develop drug resistance. Stromal fibroblasts represent an abundant cell type in the tumor microenvironment and have been linked to poor outcomes and drug resistance. Here, we show that fibroblasts counteract the cytotoxic effects of HER2 kinase-targeted therapy in a subset of HER2+ breast cancer cell lines and allow cancer cells to proliferate in the presence of the HER2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib. Fibroblasts from primary breast tumors, normal breast tissue, and lung tissue have similar protective effects on tumor cells via paracrine factors. This fibroblast-mediated reduction in drug sensitivity involves increased expression of antiapoptotic proteins and sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway, despite inhibition of the HER2 and the RAS-ERK pathways in tumor cells. HER2 therapy sensitivity is restored in the fibroblast cocultures by combination treatment with inhibitors of MTOR or the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-XL and MCL-1. Expression of activated AKT in tumor cells recapitulates the effects of fibroblasts resulting in sustained MTOR signaling and poor lapatinib response. Lapatinib sensitivity was not altered by fibroblasts in tumor cells that exhibited sustained MTOR signaling due to a strong gain-of-function PI3KCA mutation. These findings indicate that in addition to tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms that cause constitutive PI3K/AKT/MTOR pathway activation, secreted factors from fibroblasts can maintain this pathway in the context of HER2 inhibition. Our integrated proteomic-phenotypic approach presents a strategy for the discovery of protective mechanisms in fibroblast-rich tumors and the design of rational combination therapies to restore drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis K Zervantonakis
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Matthew D Poskus
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Alexis L Scott
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shailja Pathania
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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197
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Barfield RM, Kim YC, Chuprakov S, Zhang F, Bauzon M, Ogunkoya AO, Yeo D, Hickle C, Pegram MD, Rabuka D, Drake PM. A Novel HER2-targeted Antibody-drug Conjugate Offers the Possibility of Clinical Dosing at Trastuzumab-equivalent Exposure Levels. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1866-1874. [PMID: 32651200 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab and the related ADC, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), both target HER2-overexpressing cells. Together, these drugs have treatment indications in both early-stage and metastatic settings for HER2+ breast cancer. T-DM1 retains the antibody functionalities of trastuzumab and adds the potency of a cytotoxic maytansine payload. Interestingly, in the clinic, T-DM1 cannot always replace the use of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy administered together as single agents. We hypothesize that this failure may be due, in part, to the limited systemic exposure achieved by T-DM1 relative to trastuzumab because of toxicity-related dosing constraints on the ADC. We have developed a trastuzumab-based ADC site specifically conjugated to maytansine through a noncleavable linker. This construct, termed CAT-01-106, has a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 1.8, approximately half the average DAR of T-DM1, which comprises a mixture of antibodies variously conjugated with DARs ranging from 0 to 8. The high DAR species present in T-DM1 contribute to its toxicity and limit its clinical dose. CAT-01-106 showed superior in vivo efficacy compared with T-DM1 at equal payload dosing and was equally or better tolerated compared with T-DM1 at equal payload dosing up to 120 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats and 60 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. CAT-01-106 also showed improved pharmacokinetics in rats relative to T-DM1, with 40% higher ADC exposure levels. Together, the data suggest that CAT-01-106 may be sufficiently tolerable to enable clinical dosing at trastuzumab-equivalent exposure levels, combining the functions of both the antibody and the payload in one drug and potentially improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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198
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Costa B, Amorim I, Gärtner F, Vale N. Understanding Breast cancer: from conventional therapies to repurposed drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105401. [PMID: 32504806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is considered a developed country disease. Moreover, is a heterogenous disease, existing different types and stages of breast cancer development, therefore, better understanding of cancer biology, helps to improve the development of therapies. The conventional treatments accessible after diagnosis, have the main goal of controlling the disease, by improving survival. In more advance stages the aim is to prolong life and symptom palliation care. Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are the main options available, which must be adapted to each person individually. However, patients are developing resistance to the conventional therapies. This resistance is due to alterations in important regulatory pathways such as PI3K/AKt/mTOR, this pathway contributes to trastuzumab resistance, a reference drug to treat breast cancer. Therefore, is proposed the repurposing of drugs, instead of developing drugs de novo, for example, to seek new medical treatments within the drugs available, to be used in breast cancer treatment. Providing safe and tolerable treatments to patients, and new insights to efficacy and efficiency of breast cancer treatments. The economic and social burden of cancer is enormous so it must be taken measures to relieve this burden and to ensure continued access to therapies to all patients. In this review we focus on how conventional therapies against breast cancer are leading to resistance, by reviewing those mechanisms and discussing the efficacy of repurposed drugs to fight breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo 228, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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199
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Liu M, Luo C, Dong J, Guo J, Luo Q, Ye C, Guo Z. CircRNA_103809 Suppresses the Proliferation and Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells by Sponging MicroRNA-532-3p (miR-532-3p). Front Genet 2020; 11:485. [PMID: 32499818 PMCID: PMC7243809 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has become one of the most serious disease threatening mankind health in the world. Accumulating studies indicated that circRNAs played an important role in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer, however, the roles of circRNA_103809 in breast cancer progression remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the potential role and regulatory mechanism of circRNA_103809 in the development of breast cancer. Firstly, the expression level of circRNA_103809 and microRNA-532-3p (miR-532-3p) in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues were detected with the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, the cell proliferation ability, metastasis ability and related pathways were identified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and western blot, respectively. Furthermore, the connection between circRNA_103809 and miR-532-3p was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Then, our data showed that circRNA_103809 was down-regulated in breast cancer tissues in contrast to adjacent non-tumor tissues, and the relative expression level of circRNA_103809 was closely associated with distant metastasis size, TNM stage, HER-2 status and overall survival time. In addition, our in vitro assays showed that the overexpression of circRNA_103809 could significantly inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, then suppress breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis ability. Moreover, we also found that the antitumor effect induced by circRNA_103809 could be reversed with the addition of miR-532-3p mimics. Taken together, this study showed that circRNA_103809 could inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer by sponging miR-532-3p, and circRNA_103809 might be a prospective target of breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Liu
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Luo
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Dong
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Guo
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Ye
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoze Guo
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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200
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Rybchenko VS, Balabashin DS, Panina AA, Solopova ON, Yakimov SA, Aliev TK, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Production of the Extracellular Part of the ErbB2 Receptor for the Study of Immunobiologicals. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202003019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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