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Prins CA, de Oliveira FL, de Mello Coelho V, Dos Santos Ribeiro EB, de Almeida JS, Silva NMB, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB. Galectin-3 absence alters lymphocytes populations dynamics behavior and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114785. [PMID: 38670250 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results from various mechanisms that damage the nervous tissue and the blood-brain barrier, leading to sensory and motor function loss below the injury site. Unfortunately, current therapeutic approaches for SCI have limited efficacy in improving patients outcomes. Galectin-3, a protein whose expression increases after SCI, influences the neuroinflammatory response by favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and microglia, while inhibiting pro-regenerative M2 macrophages and microglia, which are crucial for inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration. Previous studies with Galectin-3 knock-out mice demonstrated enhanced motor recovery after SCI. The M1/M2 balance is strongly influenced by the predominant lymphocytic profiles (Th1, Th2, T Reg, Th17) and cytokines and chemokines released at the lesion site. The present study aimed to investigate how the absence of galectin-3 impacts the adaptive immune system cell population dynamics in various lymphoid spaces following a low thoracic spinal cord compression injury (T9-T10) using a 30 g vascular clip for one minute. It also aimed to assess its influence on the functional outcome in wild-type (WT)and Galectin-3 knock-out (GALNEG) mice. Histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin and Luxol Fast Blue staining revealed that WT and GALNEG animals exhibit similar spinal cord morphology. The absence of galectin-3 does not affect the common neuroanatomy shared between the groups prompting us to analyze outcomes between both groups. Following our crush model, both groups lost motor and sensory functions below the lesion level. During a 42-day period, GALNEG mice demonstrated superior locomotor recovery in the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) gait analysis and enhanced motor coordination performance in the ladder rung walk test (LRW) compared to WT mice. GALNEG mice also exhibited better sensory recovery, and their electrophysiological parameters suggested a higher number of functional axons with faster nerve conduction. Seven days after injury, flow cytometry of thymus, spleen, and blood revealed an increased number of T Reg and Th2 cells, accompanied by a decrease in Th1 and Th17 cells in GALNEG mice. Immunohistochemistry conducted on the same day exhibited an increased number of Th2 and T Reg cells around the GALNEG's spinal cord lesion site. At 42-day dpi immunohistochemistry analyses displayed reduced astrogliosis and greater axon preservation in GALNEG's spinal cord seem as a reduction of GFAP immunostaining and an increase in NFH immunostaining, respectively. In conclusion, GALNEG mice exhibited better functional recovery attributed to the milder pro-inflammatory influence, compensated by a higher quantity of T Reg and Th2 cells. These findings suggest that galectin-3 plays a crucial role in the immune response after spinal cord injury and could be a potential target for clinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Andrade Prins
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Leite de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria de Mello Coelho
- Laboratório de lmunofisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Bezerra Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva de Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moraes Bechelli Silva
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Clementina Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Marques-Piubelli ML, Navarrete J, Ledesma DA, Hudgens CW, Lazcano RN, Alani A, Huen A, Duvic M, Nagarajan P, Aung PP, Wistuba II, Curry JL, Miranda RN, Torres-Cabala CA. Differential Upregulation of Th1/Th17-Associated Proteins and PD-L1 in Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides. Cells 2024; 13:419. [PMID: 38474383 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous Mycosis Fungoides (GMF) is a rare form of mycosis fungoides (MF) characterized by a granulomatous infiltrate associated with the neoplastic lymphoid population and is considered to have a worse prognosis compared with regular MF. The upregulation of the T helper (Th) axis, especially Th17, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory/infectious granulomatous cutaneous diseases, but its role in GMF is still not elucidated to date. In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of Th1 (Tbet), Th2 (GATA-3), Th17 (RORγT), T regulatory (Foxp3), and immune checkpoint (IC) (PD-1 and PD-L1) markers in a cohort of patients with GMF and MF with large cell transformation (MFLCT). Skin biopsies from 49 patients (28 GMF and 21 MFLCT) were studied. Patients with GMF were associated with early clinical stage (p = 0.036) and lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.042). An increased percentage of cells positive for Tbet (p = 0.017), RORγT (p = 0.001), and PD-L1 (p = 0.011) was also observed among the GMF specimens, while a stronger PD-1 intensity was detected in cases of MFLCT. In this cohort, LCT, RORγT < 10%, Foxp3 < 10%, age, and advanced stage were associated with worse overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis. GMF demonstrated Th1 (cellular response) and Th17 (autoimmunity) phenotype, seen in early MF and granulomatous processes, respectively, which may be related to the histopathological appearance and biological behavior of GMF. Further studies involving larger series of cases and more sensitive techniques are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario L Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jesus Navarrete
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debora A Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney W Hudgens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rossana N Lazcano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali Alani
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Auris Huen
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos A Torres-Cabala
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Chan CL, Sugimura R. Unveiling the immune system aging in single-cell resolution. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:16-18. [PMID: 37934864 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary investigates the findings presented in the article by Yang et al. in 2023, published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology. This commentary first summarizes the spatial-temporal dynamics of regulatory T cells derived from mice (Tabula Muris Senis) of different ages (3, 18, and 24 mo) at different anatomic niches like lymph nodes and bone marrow. We also reported possible combinations of receptor-ligand interactions among T follicular regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells, and germinal center B cells, such as the calmodulin/Fas axis and PSGL-1/L-selectin axis. Then, we have elaborated on the significance of understanding aging regulatory T cells and offered some possible future research directions for Yang et al., contributing to a critical analysis of their recent study. Building on these foundations, further investigations and studies can be conducted to delve deeper into the mechanisms by which regulatory T cells influence health upon aging, potentially unveiling novel therapeutic targets to ameliorate age-related pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Lai Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Rm1105, 11/F, 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Okamoto M, Omori-Miyake M, Kuwahara M, Okabe M, Eguchi M, Yamashita M. The Inhibition of Glycolysis in T Cells by a Jak Inhibitor Ameliorates the Pathogenesis of Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1973-1982.e5. [PMID: 37028703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis develop through delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions mediated by T cells. The development of immunomodulatory drugs, such as Jak inhibitors, would be useful for the long-term management of these diseases owing to their profile of favorable adverse effects. However, the efficacy of Jak inhibitors for ACD treatment has not been fully determined under a variety of settings. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of ruxolitinib, a Jak inhibitor for Jak1 and Jak2, using a mouse ACD model. As a result, the lower numbers of immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, and possibly macrophages, as well as milder pathophysiological aspects have been observed in the inflamed skin of ACD with the administration of ruxolitinib. In addition, the treatment of differentiating T cells with ruxolitinib downregulated the level of IL-2-mediated glycolysis in vitro. Furthermore, symptoms of ACD did not develop in T-cell-specific Pgam1-deficient mice whose T cells had no glycolytic capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that the downregulation of glycolysis in T cells by ruxolitinib could be an important factor in the suppression of ACD development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Department of Immunology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Miyuki Omori-Miyake
- Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan; Department of Infections and Host Defenses, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
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Heeregrave EJ, Thomas J, van Capel TM, de Jong EC, Pollakis G, Paxton WA. Glycan dependent phenotype differences of HIV-1 generated from macrophage versus CD4 + T helper cell populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107349. [PMID: 37415979 PMCID: PMC10320205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is able to infect a variety of cell types with differences in entry efficiency and replication kinetics determined by the host cell type or the viral phenotype. The phenotype of the virus produced from these various cell types, including infectivity, co-receptor usage and neutralisation sensitivity, may also be affected by the characteristics of the producing cell. This can be due to incorporation of variant cell-specific molecules or differences in post-translational modifications of the gp41/120 envelope. In this study we produced genetically identical virus strains from macrophages, CD4-enriched lymphocytes as well as Th1 and Th2 CD4+ cell lines and compared each different virus stock for their infectivity in various cell types and sensitivity to neutralisation. In order to study the effect of the producer host cell on the virus phenotype, virus stocks were normalised on infectivity and were sequenced to confirm env gene homogeneity. Virus production by Th1 or Th2 cells did not compromise infectivity of the variant cell types tested. We observed no difference in sensitivity to co-receptor blocking agents upon viral passage through Th1 and Th2 CD4+ cell lineages nor did this affect DC-SIGN-mediated viral capture as measured in a transfer assay to CD4+ lymphocytes. Virus produced by macrophages was comparably sensitive to CC-chemokine inhibition as was virus generated from the array of CD4+ lymphocytes. We identified that virus produced from macrophages was fourteen times more resistant to 2G12 neutralisation than virus produced from CD4+ lymphocytes. Macrophage-produced dual-tropic (R5/X4) virus was six times more efficiently transmitted to CD4+ cells than lymphocyte-derived HIV-1 (p<0.0001) after DCSIGN capture. These results provide further insights to what extent the host cell influences viral phenotype and thereby various aspects of HIV-1 pathogenesis but suggest that viruses generated from Th1 versus Th2 cells are consistent in phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J. Heeregrave
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jordan Thomas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Toni M. van Capel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - William A. Paxton
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Scott O, Visuvanathan S, Reddy E, Mahamed D, Gu B, Roifman CM, Cohn RD, Guidos CJ, Ivakine EA. The human Stat1 gain-of-function T385M mutation causes expansion of activated T-follicular helper/T-helper 1-like CD4 T cells and sex-biased autoimmunity in specific pathogen-free mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183273. [PMID: 37275873 PMCID: PMC10235531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Humans with gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in STAT1 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1), a potent immune regulator, experience frequent infections. About one-third, especially those with DNA-binding domain (DBD) mutations such as T385M, also develop autoimmunity, sometimes accompanied by increases in T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 effector T cells, resembling those that differentiate following infection-induced STAT1 signaling. However, environmental and molecular mechanisms contributing to autoimmunity in STAT1 GOF patients are not defined. Methods We generated Stat1T385M/+ mutant mice to model the immune impacts of STAT1 DBD GOF under specific-pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Results Stat1T385M/+ lymphocytes had more total Stat1 at baseline and also higher amounts of IFNg-induced pStat1. Young mutants exhibited expansion of Tfh-like cells, while older mutants developed autoimmunity accompanied by increased Tfh-like cells, B cell activation and germinal center (GC) formation. Mutant females exhibited these immune changes sooner and more robustly than males, identifying significant sex effects of Stat1T385M-induced immune dysregulation. Single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) analysis revealed that Stat1T385M activated transcription of GC-associated programs in both B and T cells. However, it had the strongest transcriptional impact on T cells, promoting aberrant CD4 T cell activation and imparting both Tfh-like and Th1-like effector programs. Discussion Collectively, these data demonstrate that in the absence of overt infection, Stat1T385M disrupted naïve CD4 T cell homeostasis and promoted expansion and differentiation of abnormal Tfh/Th1-like helper and GC-like B cells, eventually leading to sex-biased autoimmunity, suggesting a model for STAT1 GOF-induced immune dysregulation and autoimmune sequelae in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Scott
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shagana Visuvanathan
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Reddy
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deeqa Mahamed
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chaim M. Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and The Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald D. Cohn
- Program for Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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El Menshawy N, Hassan N, Khariza M, AlAshery H, Baghat M, Ashour R. CD4/CD8 Ratio could be predictor of burden hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:198-212. [PMID: 37545943 PMCID: PMC10398471 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the first years of the use of direct acting Hepatitis C antiviral drugs (DAAS), several studies reported a possible correlation between this new era of treatment and an increased risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its development could possibly be favored by the changes in the immunological milieu and the different cellular behavior after eradication of HCV infection with them. For this reason, this study aimed to address the immunological effect of DAAS. Subject & methods Prospective paired -sample design, carried out on 90 naïve chronically infected HCV patients before and after receiving a combination therapy of sofosbuvir; at a dose of 400 mg once daily and daclatasvir; at a dose of 60 mg once daily for 12 weeks and follow up for one year. immunological tests including: total T cell count, T helper cell count, T cytotoxic cell count and natural killer cell count in peripheral blood through (CD3, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD8 and CD56 respectively) by Fluorochrome monoclonal antibodies labelled with specific dyes through Multiparameter, FACSCanto ™ II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, USA). Result Concerning the immunological changes, total T cells (CD3+), Natural killer cells showed non-significant decrease at end of therapy while significant decrease in T helper cells (CD3+CD4+) T cytotoxic cells (CD3+CD8+) compared to pre-treatment value. Long follow up revealed 26.6% developed focal HCC, in more addition, multivariate analysis show CD4/CD8 ratio could be predictor as well as sex for early development of HCC after combined DAAS therapy. Conclusion HCV treatment by DAAS produces significant decrease in T helper, T cytotoxic cells in CHC patients at the end of therapy. 26.6% developed focal HCC with independent CD4/CD8 predictor for burden malignancy. Further large extended population study is needed for clarify this concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha Hassan
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Monir Baghat
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Internal Medicine
| | - Rehab Ashour
- Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy
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8
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Briukhovetska D, Suarez-Gosalvez J, Voigt C, Markota A, Giannou AD, Schübel M, Jobst J, Zhang T, Dörr J, Märkl F, Majed L, Müller PJ, May P, Gottschlich A, Tokarew N, Lücke J, Oner A, Schwerdtfeger M, Andreu-Sanz D, Grünmeier R, Seifert M, Michaelides S, Hristov M, König LM, Cadilha BL, Mikhaylov O, Anders HJ, Rothenfusser S, Flavell RA, Cerezo-Wallis D, Tejedo C, Soengas MS, Bald T, Huber S, Endres S, Kobold S. T cell-derived interleukin-22 drives the expression of CD155 by cancer cells to suppress NK cell function and promote metastasis. Immunity 2023; 56:143-161.e11. [PMID: 36630913 PMCID: PMC9839367 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although T cells can exert potent anti-tumor immunity, a subset of T helper (Th) cells producing interleukin-22 (IL-22) in breast and lung tumors is linked to dismal patient outcome. Here, we examined the mechanisms whereby these T cells contribute to disease. In murine models of lung and breast cancer, constitutional and T cell-specific deletion of Il22 reduced metastases without affecting primary tumor growth. Deletion of the IL-22 receptor on cancer cells decreases metastasis to a degree similar to that seen in IL-22-deficient mice. IL-22 induced high expression of CD155, which bound to the activating receptor CD226 on NK cells. Excessive activation led to decreased amounts of CD226 and functionally impaired NK cells, which elevated the metastatic burden. IL-22 signaling was also associated with CD155 expression in human datasets and with poor patient outcomes. Taken together, our findings reveal an immunosuppressive circuit activated by T cell-derived IL-22 that promotes lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Suarez-Gosalvez
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Voigt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Anamarija Markota
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasios D. Giannou
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Schübel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Jobst
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Dörr
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Märkl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Majed
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Jie Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter May
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Gottschlich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas Tokarew
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jöran Lücke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arman Oner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - David Andreu-Sanz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Grünmeier
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Seifert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanos Michaelides
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hristov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars M. König
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Loureiro Cadilha
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniela Cerezo-Wallis
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejedo
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María S. Soengas
- Melanoma Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias Bald
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, and Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany,Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany; Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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9
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Crockett AM, Kebir H, Benallegue N, Adelman P, Gur RE, Sullivan K, Anderson SA, Alvarez JI. Immune status of the murine 22q11.2 deletion syndrome model. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249840. [PMID: 36337041 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mice modeling the hemizygous deletion of chromosome 22q11.2 (22qMc) have been utilized to address various clinical phenotypes associated with the disease, including cardiac malformations, altered neural circuitry, and behavioral deficits. Yet, the status of the T cell compartment, an important clinical concern among 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) patients, has not been addressed. While infancy and early childhood in 22qDS are associated with deficient T cell numbers and thymic hypoplasia, which can be severe in a small subset of patients, studies suggest normalization of the T cell counts by adulthood. We found that adult 22qMc do not exhibit thymic hypoplasia or altered thymic T cell development. Our findings that immune cell counts and inflammatory T cell activation are unaffected in 22qMc lend support to the hypothesis that human 22qDS immunodeficiencies are secondary to thymic hypoplasia, rather than intrinsic effects due to the deletion. Furthermore, the 22q11.2 deletion does not impact the differentiation capacity of T cells, nor their activity and response during inflammatory activation. Thus, 22qMc reflects the T cell compartment in adult 22qDS patients, and our findings suggest that 22qMc may serve as a novel model to address experimental and translational aspects of immunity in 22qDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Crockett
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naïl Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Inserm, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Philippa Adelman
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jorge I Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Rahimian G, Shahini Shams Abadi M, Mirzaei Y, Hussein Mer A, Ahmadi R, Azadegan-Dehkordi F. Relationship between mucosal TNF-α expression and Th1, Th17, Th22 and Treg responses in Helicobacter pylori infection. AMB Express 2022; 12:113. [PMID: 36057049 PMCID: PMC9440976 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastric inflammation in the gastric mucosa and significantly increases the risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The objective of this research is to determine the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the gastric mucosa of patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and PUD compared to uninfected patients, and we determined the relation between TNF-α expression and Th1/Th17/Th22, and Treg cells. Fifty-five patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis, 47 patients with H. pylori-associated PUD, and 48 uninfected patients were in this research. Antrum biopsy was used to detect H. pylori, virulence factors and histopathological assessments. Expression of TNF-α in the infected group was significantly higher than the uninfected group. Also, cagA/oipA-positive infected patients induce significantly more TNF-α expression than do cagA/oipA-negative infected patients. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group. These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection. Expression of TNF-α was significantly increased in the PUD group than the gastritis group. Notably, TNF-α expression had a significant positive correlation with the frequency of Th1/Th17/Th22 lymphocytes in the PUD group. These findings indicate the importance of increasing TNF-α with Th1, Th17, Th22 responses increase as an important risk factor for PUD in context of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Shahini Shams Abadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali Hussein Mer
- Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azadegan-Dehkordi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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11
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Roofchayee ND, Adcock IM, Marjani M, Dezfuli NK, Varahram M, Garssen J, Mortaz E. T Helper Cell Subsets in the Pleural Fluid of Tuberculous Patients Differentiate Patients With Non-Tuberculous Pleural Effusions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780453. [PMID: 34925358 PMCID: PMC8674472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Tb). Patients with TPE or malignant pleural effusions (MPE) frequently have a similar lymphocytic pleural fluid profile. Since the etiology of PE in various diseases is different, identifying the cellular components may provide diagnostic clues for understanding the pathogenesis. Objective We determined the frequency of T helper (Th) subtypes in the PEs for differentiation of Tb and non-Tb patients. Methods Thirty patients with TPE, 30 patients with MPE, 14 patients with empyema (EMP), and 14 patients with parapneumonic effusion (PPE) were enrolled between December 2018 and December 2019. Five-milliliter fresh PE in tubes containing heparin as an anticoagulant was obtained from patients. The frequencies of CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IL-22+, CD+IL-17+, and regulatory T-cells CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ (Treg) were determined by flow cytometry. Results Treg cells have a lower frequency in TPE patients [4.2 (0.362-17.24)] compared with non-TPE patients [26.3 (3.349-76.93, p < 0.0001)]. The frequency of CD4+IL-9+ cells was significantly lower in TPE patients [3.67 (0.87-47.83)] compared with non-TPE groups [13.05 (1.67-61.45), p < 0.0001]. On the contrary, there was no significant difference in the frequency of CD4+IL-17+ and CD4+IL-22+ cells between TPE and non-TPE patients (p = 0.906 and p = 0.2188). Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells [optimal cutoff value = 13.6 (%), sensitivity 90%, specificity 75.86%] could be considered as predictor for TPE. However, adenosine deaminase [cutoff value 27.5 (IU/l), sensitivity 90%, specificity 96.5%] levels had an even greater predictive capacity. Conclusion ADA, Treg cells, and CD4+IL-9+ cells may differentiate TPE from non-TPE patients. However, these results need validation in an independent large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Dalil Roofchayee
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Respiratory Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Marjani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda K Dezfuli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Sun Y, Wu C, Liu C, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ran N, Shao Z. Myeloid dendritic cells in severe aplastic anemia patients exhibit stronger phagocytosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24063. [PMID: 34664314 PMCID: PMC8649347 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is urgently warranted to achieve better therapeutic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the phagocytosis of myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) in SAA patients. METHODS Myeloid dendritic cells were induced in vitro from bone marrow mononuclear cells from 26 SAA patients and 12 normal controls (HCs). The phagocytosis of mDCs was detected by flow cytometry using FITC-Dextran (40KD), and its correlation with the immune status and severity of the disease was analyzed. RESULTS The phagocytosis of mDC from untreated SAA patients was significantly stronger than that from complete remission group and HC group (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the latter two groups (p > 0.05). The phagocytosis of mDC from SAA patients correlated positively with the concentration of interleukin (IL)-2 (r = 0.389, p < 0.05), and IL-4 (r = 0.556, p < 0.05), negatively with CD4+ /CD8+ ratio (r = -0.421, p < 0.05). It also had negative correlations with the level of hemoglobin (r = -0.393, p < 0.05), white blood cell (r = -0.436, p < 0.05), platelet (r = -0.431, p < 0.05), and reticulocyte (r = -0.447, p < 0.05). The phagocytosis of mDC does not correlate with the response to IST. CONCLUSIONS The increased phagocytosis of mDC in untreated SAA patients may contribute to abnormal activation of T helper (Th) and subsequent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation in these patients. It may be involved in the immune pathogenesis of SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningyuan Ran
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Charpentier E, Marques C, Ménard S, Chauvin P, Guemas E, Cottrel C, Cassaing S, Fillaux J, Valentin A, Blanchard N, Berry A, Iriart X. New Insights into Blood Circulating Lymphocytes in Human Pneumocystis Pneumonia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:652. [PMID: 34436191 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The host lymphocyte response is decisive in Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) pathophysiology but little is known of the specific roles of lymphocyte subpopulations in this fungal infection. Peripheral NK, NKT, B, TCD4+ and TCD8+ subpopulations were compared by immunophenotyping between 20 patients diagnosed with PCP (PCP(+)] and 20 uninfected immunosuppressed patients (PCP(−)). Among PCP(+) subjects, the lymphocyte populations were also compared between surviving and deceased patients. Low B cell count (<40 cells/µL) was more frequent in PCP(+) than in PCP(−) patients (p = 0.03), while there was no difference for the TCD4 count. Among the PCP(+) group, the 7 deceased patients had lower Th1 (p = 0.02) and Tc1 (p = 0.03) populations, higher Th2 response (p = 0.03), higher effector TCD8 (p < 0.01), lower central memory TCD8 (p = 0.04) and reduced NK cells (p = 0.02) compared with the 13 survivors. Th1/Th2 ratio < 17, CD8 Tc1 < 44%, effector TCD8 < 25%, central memory TCD8 < 4%, NK cells < 50 cells/µL and total lymphocytes < 0.75 G/L were associated with a higher risk of mortality (p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.0007, p = 0.004, p = 0.02 and p = 0.019, respectively). The traditional analysis of TCD4 and TCD8 populations may be insufficient in the context of PCP. It could be completed by using B cells to predict the risk of PCP, and by using lymphocyte subpopulations or total lymphocyte count, which are easy to obtain in all health care facilities, to evaluate PCP prognosis.
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14
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Nikpour S, Tabatabaie F, Sharifi I, Mostafavi M, Oliaee RT, Sharifi F, Babaei Z, Jafari E, Salarkia E, Shahbazzadeh D. The Fraction of the Snake Venom, Its Leishmanicidal Effect, and the Stimulation of an Anti- Leishmania Response in Infected Macrophages. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:1115-1124. [PMID: 33176669 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320999201110211222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to the lack of an effective vaccine and complexity of the control measures against vectors and reservoir hosts, the control of leishmaniasis depends primarily on chemotherapy. This study was aimed to assess the snake venom, Naja naja oxiana fraction 11(NNOVF11) on Leishmania infantum and its broad mode of action. METHODS A wide range of in vitro advanced assays including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), MTT (3-[4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Thiazolyl blue), macrophage assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), flow cytometry and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on L. infantum promastigote and amastigote stages were used. IC50 values of L. infantum stages, CC50 value, and apoptosis were also analyzed. RESULTS The NNOV-F11 demonstrated strong antileishmanial activity against L. infantum stages in a dose-dependent manner compared to the untreated control group. Interleukin (IL)-12, TNF-α, and iNOS genes expression as the indicators of T helper(h)1 response significantly increased; in contrast, the expression level of IL-10, as the representative of Th2 response significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) after treatment with different concentrations of NNOV-F11, unlike arginase (ARG) activity, which displayed a significant reduction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION NNOV-F11 possessed a potent inhibitory effect on L. infantum stages with the multifunctional and broad mode of actions, which promoted the immunomodulatory role, induced ROS production, stimulated apoptotic-like mechanisms, and inhibited L-ARG activity, which collectively led to the parasite death. Further studies are crucial to assess the effect of the NNOV-F11 on animal models or clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nikpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahshid Mostafavi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh T Oliaee
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Babaei
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Salarkia
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Laboratory of Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Abstract
CD4+ T cells or helper T cells play various roles in the immune response to pathogens, tumors, as well as in asthma, allergy, and autoimmunity. Consequently, there is great interest in the comprehensive investigation of different T helper cell subsets. Here, we use mass cytometry (CyTOF), which is similar to flow cytometry but uses metal ion-tagged antibodies, which are detected using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CyTOF allows the simultaneous detection of over 40 different antibodies, allowing us to collect high-dimensional single-cell proteomic data on T helper subsets. We use an extensive staining panel with a large number of lineage markers, cytokines, and other functional markers to identify and characterize CD4+ T cell subsets. In this method, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated ex vivo with PMA and ionomycin, which activates T cells. The activated CD4+ T cells can then be identified as Th1, Th2, or Th17 cells based on their production of IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-17, respectively. Tregs are identified as CD4+CD25+CD127lo. Once Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tregs have been identified, they can be characterized in more detail using the large number of phenotypic and functional markers included in the CyTOF staining panel. Finally, automated and unbiased high-dimensional data analysis tools can be employed to comprehensively characterize T helper cells and discover novel features.
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16
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Hosseini A, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Aghamollaei H, Fasihi Ramandi M, Alishiri G, Shahriary A, Hassanpour K, Tat M, Farnoosh G. Evaluation of Th1 and Th2 mediated cellular and humoral immunity in patients with COVID-19 following the use of melatonin as an adjunctive treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174193. [PMID: 34015316 PMCID: PMC8127523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly in the world and is still taking a heavy toll. Studies show that cytokine storms and imbalances in T-helper (Th)1/Th2 play a significant role in most acute cases of the disease. A number of medications have been suggested to treat or control the disease but have been discontinued due to their side effects. Melatonin, as an intrinsic molecule, possesses pharmacological anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that decreases in concentration with age; as a result, older people are more prone to various diseases. In this study, patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were given a melatonin adjuvant (9 mg daily, orally) for fourteen days. In order to measure markers of Th1 and Th2 inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-γ) as well as the expression of Th1 and Th2 regulatory genes (signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4, STAT6, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), and T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet)), blood samples were taken from patients at the beginning and end of the treatment. Adjuvant therapy with melatonin controlled and reduced inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19. Melatonin also controlled and modulated the dysregulated genes that regulate the humoral and cellular immune systems mediated by Th1 and Th2. In this study, it was shown for the first time that melatonin can be used as a medicinal adjuvant with anti-inflammatory mechanism to reduce and control inflammatory cytokines by regulating the expression of Th1 and Th2 regulatory genes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hossein Aghamollaei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Fasihi Ramandi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhossein Alishiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kazem Hassanpour
- Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Tat
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Basu A, Ramamoorthi G, Albert G, Gallen C, Beyer A, Snyder C, Koski G, Disis ML, Czerniecki BJ, Kodumudi K. Differentiation and Regulation of T H Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669474. [PMID: 34012451 PMCID: PMC8126720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets of TH cells in the tumor which are critical for activation of anti-tumor response either directly by themselves or by stimulating cytotoxic T cell activity. However, presence of immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic TH subsets in the tumor milieu further contributes to the complexity of regulation of TH cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the multifaceted positive and negative effects of TH cells, with an emphasis on regulation of different TH cell subtypes by various immune cells, and how a delicate balance of contradictory signals can influence overall success of cancer immunotherapy. We focus on the regulatory network that encompasses dendritic cell-induced activation of CD4+ TH1 cells and subsequent priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, along with intersecting anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic TH2 cell activity. We further discuss how other tumor infiltrating immune cells such as immunostimulatory TH9 and Tfh cells, immunosuppressive Treg cells, and the duality of TH17 function contribute to tip the balance of anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH responses in the tumor. We highlight the developing knowledge of CD4+ TH1 immune response against neoantigens/oncodrivers, impact of current immunotherapy strategies on CD4+ TH1 immunity, and how opposing action of TH cell subtypes can be explored further to amplify immunotherapy success in patients. Understanding the nuances of CD4+ TH cells regulation and the molecular framework undergirding the balancing act between anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH subtypes is critical for rational designing of immunotherapies that can bypass therapeutic escape to maximize the potential of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Albert
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Corey Gallen
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amber Beyer
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Colin Snyder
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gary Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mary L Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Breast Cancer Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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18
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by the dynamic interplay between multiple genetic risk foci, environmental risk factors, and excessive immunological abnormalities. Psoriasis affects approximately 2% of the population worldwide, and dramatic advances have been achieved in the understanding and treatment options for psoriasis. Recent progress in biological therapies has revealed the fundamental roles of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-23p19, and the IL-17A axis together with skin-resident immune cells and major signal transduction pathways in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition to IL-17-producing T helper17 cells, innate lymphoid cell (ILC)3 induces psoriasis rashes directly without T-cell/antigen interaction in response to the released antimicrobial peptides from activated keratinocytes and inflammatory cytokines. ILC3 typically expresses retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t in the nucleus, matures in the presence of IL-7 and IL-23, and produces IL-17 and IL-22. The number of ILC3s is increased in the blood, psoriasis rash, and even in nonrash areas of psoriatic skin. Psoriasis is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory disorders, particularly the severe type. The similarity of enterobacteria in the psoriasis gut to that in diabetic patients may be related to its pathogenesis. In the current review, we focus on the pathophysiology of psoriasis in the accelerated immunological inflammatory loop, danger signal from keratinocytes, and cytokines, particularly IL-17 and IL-23p19. In addition, pathophysiological speculation with regard to morphology has been supplemented. Finally, the differences and similarities between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Yamanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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19
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Ademhan Tural D, Ucakturk SA, Guvenir H, Kocabas CN, Dibek Misirlioglu E. Evaluation of Allergic Disease Prevalence and Related Risk Factors in Children with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2021; 182:932-940. [PMID: 33873186 DOI: 10.1159/000515499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic and autoimmune diseases are caused by an impaired immunological response resulting from different types of T-helper (Th) cells. Since the Th cell production is in a certain balance, an inverse relationship between the 2 disease groups may exist. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of allergic diseases in children with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT). METHODS Symptoms of allergic diseases were investigated by the (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) ISAAC questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to a group of 300 children with AT and a control group of 300 children with no known autoimmune disease. The risk factors for allergic diseases and sociodemographic characteristics were investigated. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with the risk factors of allergic diseases. RESULTS Asthma, wheezing during the last year, wheezing with exercise, disease-free night cough, and night cough were significantly less common in patients with AT. Allergic rhinitis symptoms, except physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis, are found significantly less frequently in patients with AT. It was found that the presence of AT and an increase in the number of children in the family reduce the risk of allergic diseases; cat-dog contact before 1 year of age and the presence of asthma, eczema, or allergic rhinitis in the mother increase the risk of allergic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms were significantly less common in children with AT. AT reduces the risk of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilber Ademhan Tural
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyit Ahmet Ucakturk
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Guvenir
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Can Naci Kocabas
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Emine Dibek Misirlioglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Abstract
Periodontal and periapical lesions are infectious inflammatory osteolitytic conditions in which a complex inflammatory immune response mediates bone destruction. However, the uncertainty of a lesion's progressive or stable phenotype complicates understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggering lesion activity. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies of both periodontal and periapical lesions points to a high receptor activator of NF-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) ratio as the primary determinant of osteolytic activity, while a low RANKL/OPG ratio is often observed in inactive lesions. Proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate RANKL/OPG expression and consequently drive lesion progression, along with pro-osteoclastogenic support provided by Th1, Th17, and B cells. Conversely, the cooperative action between Th2 and Tregs subsets creates an anti-inflammatory and proreparative milieu associated with lesion stability. Interestingly, the trigger for lesion status switch from active to inactive can originate from an unanticipated RANKL immunoregulatory feedback, involving the induction of Tregs and a host response outcome with immunological tolerance features. In this context, dendritic cells (DCs) appear as potential determinants of host response switch, since RANKL imprint a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs, described to be involved in both Tregs and immunological tolerance generation. The tolerance state systemically and locally suppresses the development of exacerbated and pathogenic responses and contributes to lesions stability. However, immunological tolerance break by comorbidities or dysbiosis could explain lesions relapse toward activity. Therefore, this article will provide a critical review of the current knowledge concerning periodontal and periapical lesions activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the host response. Further studies are required to unravel the role of immunological responsiveness or tolerance in the determination of lesion status, as well as the potential cooperative and/or inhibitory interplay among effector cells and their impact on RANKL/OPG balance and lesion outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Letra
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R M Silva
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G P Garlet
- OSTEOimmunology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-FOB/USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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21
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Abstract
Fibrosis is the extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue, and it is characterized by the accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Fibrosis is essential for wound healing and tissue repair in response to a variety of triggers, which include infection, inflammation, autoimmune disorder, degenerative disease, tumor, and injury. Fibrotic remodeling in various diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, systemic sclerosis (SSc), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), can impair organ function, causing high morbidity and mortality. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in fibrogenesis. Although the roles of macrophages in fibrogenesis have been studied for many years, the underlying mechanisms concerning the manner in which T cells regulate fibrosis are not completely understood. The T cell receptor (TCR) engages the antigen and shapes the repertoire of antigen-specific T cells. Based on the divergent expression of surface molecules and cell functions, T cells are subdivided into natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), regulatory T (Treg) cells, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, and T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. In this review, we summarize the pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic roles and distinct mechanisms of different T cell subsets. On reviewing the literature, we conclude that the T cell regulations are commonly disease-specific and tissue-specific. Finally, we provide perspectives on microbiota, viral infection, and metabolism, and discuss the current advancements of technologies for identifying novel targets and developing immunotherapies for intervention in fibrosis and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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22
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Abstract
Polarization of immune cells is commonly observed in host responses associated with microbial immunity, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tissue repair and fibrosis. In this process, immune cells adopt distinct programs and perform specialized functions in response to specific signals. Accumulating evidence indicates that inhalation of micro- and nano-sized particulates activates barrier immune programs in the lung in a time- and context-dependent manner, including type 1 and type 2 inflammation, and T helper (Th) 17 cell, regulatory T cell (Treg), innate lymphoid cell (ILC), and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) responses, which highlight the polarization of several major immune cell types. These responses facilitate the pulmonary clearance and repair under physiological conditions. When exposure persists and overwhelms the clearance capacity, they foster the chronic progression of inflammation and development of progressive disease conditions, such as fibrosis and cancer. The pulmonary response to insoluble particulates thus represents a distinctive disease process wherein non-infectious, persistent exposures stimulate the polarization of immune cells to orchestrate dynamic inflammatory and immune reactions, leading to pulmonary and pleural chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and malignancy. Despite large variations in particles and their associated disease outcomes, the early response to inhaled particles often follows a common path. The initial reactions entail a barrier immune response dominated by type 1 inflammation that features active phagocytosis by M1 macrophages and recruitment of neutrophils, both of which are fueled by Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Acute inflammation is immediately followed by resolution and tissue repair mediated through specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and type 2 cytokines and cells including M2 macrophages and Th2 lymphocytes. As many particles and fibers cannot be digested by phagocytes, resolution is often extended and incomplete, and type 2 inflammation becomes heightened, which promotes interstitial fibrosis, granuloma formation, and tumorigenesis. Recent studies also reveal the involvement of Th17-, Treg-, ILC-, and MDSC-mediated responses in the pathogenesis caused by inhaled particulates. This review synopsizes the progress in understanding the interplay between inhaled particles and the pulmonary immune functions in disease pathogenesis, with focus on particle-induced polarization of immune cells and its role in the development of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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23
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Abstract
Technologies allowing genetic sequencing of the human microbiome are opening new realms to discovery. The host microbiota substantially impacts immune responses both in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and in tumors affecting tissues beyond skin and mucosae. However, a mechanistic link between host microbiota and cancer or IMIDs has not been well established. Here, we propose T helper 17 (TH17) lymphocytes as the connecting factor between host microbiota and rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritides, multiple sclerosis, breast or ovarian cancer, and multiple myeloma. We theorize that similar mechanisms favor the expansion of gut-borne TH17 cells and their deployment at the site of inflammation in extraborder IMIDs and tumors, where TH17 cells are driving forces. Thus, from a pathogenic standpoint, tumors may share mechanistic routes with IMIDs. A review of similarities and divergences in microbiota-TH17 cell interactions in IMIDs and cancer sheds light on previously ignored pathways in either one of the two groups of pathologies and identifies novel therapeutic avenues.
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24
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De Guise S, Levin M, Jasperse L, Risatti G, Wells RS. T Helper Cell Subsets and Their Functions in Common Bottlenose Dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus). Front Immunol 2019; 10:1578. [PMID: 31481952 PMCID: PMC6710549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made to better understand the immune system of bottlenose dolphins in view of the common environmental challenges they encounter, such as exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, oil spills, or harmful algal bloom biotoxins. However, little is known about the identity and functionality of the Th1, Th2, and Treg T helper cell subsets in bottlenose dolphins. The present study aimed at validating assays and reagents to identify T helper cell subsets and their functions in a subset of dolphins from Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, which have been long studied and often used as a reference population. A population of CD4+ FOXP3+ lymphocytes was identified representing an average <1% of blood lymphocyte population, which is in the range observed in for Treg cells in other species. The use of porcine reagents to measure TGFß, one of the key Treg cytokines, was further validated using the relatively high-throughput and highly standardized Luminex technology. The proportion of circulating Treg cells was not correlated with the serum concentrations of the Treg effector cytokines TGFß and IL-10, nor could it significantly contribute to predicting the variability of T lymphocyte proliferation, suggesting that not all dolphin circulating Treg cells are functional and active. However, stimulation of dolphin lymphocytes with TGFß and IL-2 increased the expression of the gene for TGFß and IL-10, and stimulation with IL-12 and IFNγ induced a robust increase in the expression of the gene for IFNγ, suggesting the potential for polarization and differentiation of dolphin T helper cells toward a Treg and Th1 response, respectively. The lack of an increase in the expression of the genes for the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 upon stimulation with IL-4 may be due to the requirement for IL-2 for a Th2 polarization as described in mice. However, regression analysis and PCA suggested the potential ability of both the Th1 and Th2 response to be triggered upon acute inflammatory signals. These results may be useful in better understanding the mechanisms by which the dolphin immune system is affected upon exposure to environmental challenges and how it responds to pathogen challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States.,Connecticut Sea Grant College Program, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Lindsay Jasperse
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Guillermo Risatti
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States
| | - Randall S Wells
- Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, Chicago Zoological Society and Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, United States
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25
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de Campos Soriani Azevedo M, Garlet TP, Francisconi CF, Colavite PM, Tabanez AP, Melchiades JL, Favaro Trombone AP, Sfeir C, Little S, Silva RM, Garlet GP. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Immunoregulatory Role at the Periapex: Associative and Mechanistic Evidences from Human and Experimental Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2019; 45:1228-1236. [PMID: 31402064 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The balance between the host proinflammatory immune response and the counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses supposedly determine the outcome of periapical lesions. In this scenario, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) may exert a protective role because of its prominent immunoregulatory capacity. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the potential involvement of VIP in the development of human and experimental periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical granulomas (n = 124) and control samples (n = 48) were comparatively assessed for VIP and multiple immunologic/activity marker expression through real-time polymerase chain reaction. Experimental periapical lesions (C57Bl/6 wild-type mice) were evaluated regarding endogenous VIP expression correlation with lesion development and the effect of recombinant VIP therapy in lesion outcome. CCR4KO and IL4KO strains and anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein inhibition were used to test the involvement of Treg and Th2 cells in VIP-mediated effects. RESULTS VIP expression was more prevalent in periapical granulomas than in controls, presenting a positive association with immunoregulatory factors and an inverse association/correlation with proinflammatory mediators and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio. Endogenous VIP expression up-regulation was temporally associated with lesion immunoregulation and a decline of bone loss. VIP therapy in mice prompted the arrest of lesion development, being associated with an anti-inflammatory and proreparative response that limits the proinflammatory, Th1, Th17, and osteoclastogenic response in the periapex. The VIP protective effect was dependent of Treg migration and activity and independent of interleukin 4. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that VIP overexpression in human and experimental periapical lesions is associated with lesion inactivity and that VIP therapy results in the attenuation of experimental lesion progression associated with the immunosuppressive response involving Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Petenuci Tabanez
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Lima Melchiades
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Charles Sfeir
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Little
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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26
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Tibbitt CA, Stark JM, Martens L, Ma J, Mold JE, Deswarte K, Oliynyk G, Feng X, Lambrecht BN, De Bleser P, Nylén S, Hammad H, Arsenian Henriksson M, Saeys Y, Coquet JM. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the T Helper Cell Response to House Dust Mites Defines a Distinct Gene Expression Signature in Airway Th2 Cells. Immunity 2019; 51:169-184.e5. [PMID: 31231035 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into functionally diverse T helper (Th) cell subsets. Th2 cells play a pathogenic role in asthma, yet a clear picture of their transcriptional profile is lacking. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of T helper cells from lymph node, lung, and airways in the house dust mite (HDM) model of allergic airway disease. scRNA-seq resolved transcriptional profiles of naive CD4+ T, Th1, Th2, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and a CD4+ T cell population responsive to type I interferons. Th2 cells in the airways were enriched for transcription of many genes, including Cd200r1, Il6, Plac8, and Igfbp7, and their mRNA profile was supported by analysis of chromatin accessibility and flow cytometry. Pathways associated with lipid metabolism were enriched in Th2 cells, and experiments with inhibitors of key metabolic pathways supported roles for glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings provide insight into the differentiation of pathogenic Th2 cells in the context of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Mario Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeff Eron Mold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ganna Oliynyk
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaogang Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bart Norbert Lambrecht
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Bleser
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Marie Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Nguyen QP, Deng TZ, Witherden DA, Goldrath AW. Origins of CD4 + circulating and tissue-resident memory T-cells. Immunology 2019; 157:3-12. [PMID: 30897205 PMCID: PMC6459775 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, naive CD4+ T-cells proliferate and differentiate into several possible effector subsets, including conventional T helper effector cells (TH 1, TH 2, TH 17), T regulatory cells (Treg ) and T follicular helper cells (TFH ). Once infection is cleared, a small population of long-lived memory cells remains that mediate immune defenses against reinfection. Memory T lymphocytes have classically been categorized into central memory cell (TCM ) and effector memory cell (TEM ) subsets, both of which circulate between blood, secondary lymphoid organs and in some cases non-lymphoid tissues. A third subset of memory cells, referred to as tissue-resident memory cells (TRM ), resides in tissues without recirculation, serving as 'first line' of defense at barrier sites, such as skin, lung and intestinal mucosa, and augmenting innate immunity in the earliest phases of reinfection and recruiting circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. The presence of multiple CD4+ T helper subsets has complicated studies of CD4+ memory T-cell differentiation, and the mediators required to support their function. In this review, we summarize recent investigations into the origins of CD4+ memory T-cell populations and discuss studies addressing CD4+ TRM differentiation in barrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh P. Nguyen
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Tianda Z. Deng
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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28
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Du L, Long Y, Kim JJ, Chen B, Zhu Y, Dai N. Protease Activated Receptor-2 Induces Immune Activation and Visceral Hypersensitivity in Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:729-739. [PMID: 30446929 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in the pathogenesis of abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well defined. AIMS To investigate the role of PAR-2-mediated visceral hypersensitivity in a post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) mouse model. METHODS T. spiralis-infected PI-IBS mouse model was used. Fecal serine protease activity and intestinal mast cells were evaluated. Intestinal permeability was assessed by urine lactulose/mannitol ratio, and colonic expressions of PAR-2 and tight junction (TJ) proteins were examined by Western blot. Intestinal immune profile was assessed by measuring Th (T helper) 1/Th2 cytokine expression. Visceral sensitivity was evaluated by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distention. RESULTS Colonic PAR-2 expression as well as fecal serine protease activity and intestinal mast cell counts were elevated in PI-IBS compared to the control mice. Decreased colonic TJ proteins expression, increased lactulose/mannitol ratio, elevated colonic Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and visceral hypersensitivity were observed in PI-IBS compared to the control mice. Administration of PAR-2 agonist in control mice demonstrated similar changes observed in PI-IBS mice, while PAR-2 antagonist normalized the increased intestinal permeability and reduced visceral hypersensitivity observed in PI-IBS mice. CONCLUSIONS PAR-2 activation increases intestinal permeability leading to immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yanqin Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - John J Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Binrui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yubin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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29
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Cosorich I, McGuire HM, Warren J, Danta M, King C. CCR9 Expressing T Helper and T Follicular Helper Cells Exhibit Site-Specific Identities During Inflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 9:2899. [PMID: 30662436 PMCID: PMC6329311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (Th) cells that express the gut homing chemokine receptor CCR9 are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and Sjögren's syndrome and in the inflamed lesions of autoimmune diseases that affect the accessory organs of the digestive system. However, despite the important role of the GIT in both immunity and autoimmunity, the nature of CCR9-expressing cells in GIT lymphoid organs and their role in chronic inflammatory diseases remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of CCR9+ Th and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in GIT associated lymphoid tissues in health, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Our findings reveal an association between the transcriptome and phenotype of CCR9+ Th in the pancreas and CCR9+ Tfh cells from GIT-associated lymphoid tissues. GIT CCR9+ Tfh cells exhibited characteristics, including a Th17-like transcriptome and production of effector cytokines, which indicated a microenvironment-specific signature. Both CCR9+ Tfh cells and CCR9+ Th cells from GIT-associated lymphoid tissues migrated to the pancreas. The expression of CCR9 was important for migration of both subsets to the pancreas, but Tfh cells that accumulated in the pancreas had downmodulated expression of CXCR5. Taken together, the findings provide evidence that CCR9+ Tfh cells and Th cells from the GIT exhibit plasticity and can accumulate in distal accessory organs of the digestive system where they may participate in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cosorich
- Department of Immunology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Department of Immunology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Department of Immunology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cecile King
- Department of Immunology, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sahin Z, Sandal S, Yilmaz B, Bulmus O, Ozdemir G, Kutlu S, Godekmerdan A, Kelestimur H. Pinealectomy alters IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in primary thymocyte culture of rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:25-30. [PMID: 30511618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, produced mainly by the pineal gland, has an immunomodulatory role. However, the effects of the pineal gland and/or melatonin on thymus cytokine levels such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 are not well known. Twenty-one male Wistar rats (220-250 gr) were randomly divided into three groups (n=7): intact control, sham, and pinealectomy. Primary thymocyte cultures were prepared from each group and dispensed into well plates as Control, DMSO (or vehicle), Sham-pinealectomy, Pinealectomy, Pinealectomy+10µM melatonin, and Pinealectomy+100µM melatonin. IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 concentrations were measured in the thymocytes (as nonstimulated and Concanavalin A-stimulated) after 24 h. IFN-γ levels significantly increased and IL-10 levels significantly decreased in both media prepared from pinealectomized rats. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of IL-4. In the pinealectomy+10µM melatonin group, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels did not differ from the pinealectomy group. However, the dose of 100µM melatonin caused a decrease in levels of IFN-γ in both thymocyte media and an increase in the concentration of IL-10 in Concanavalin A-stimulated thymocytes. In conclusion, pineal gland and/or melatonin affect IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in the thymus gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Ozdemir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Selim Kutlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Meram Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Godekmerdan
- Deparment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Biton M, Haber AL, Rogel N, Burgin G, Beyaz S, Schnell A, Ashenberg O, Su CW, Smillie C, Shekhar K, Chen Z, Wu C, Ordovas-Montanes J, Alvarez D, Herbst RH, Zhang M, Tirosh I, Dionne D, Nguyen LT, Xifaras ME, Shalek AK, von Andrian UH, Graham DB, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Shi HN, Kuchroo V, Yilmaz OH, Regev A, Xavier RJ. T Helper Cell Cytokines Modulate Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal and Differentiation. Cell 2018; 175:1307-1320.e22. [PMID: 30392957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the small intestine, a niche of accessory cell types supports the generation of mature epithelial cell types from intestinal stem cells (ISCs). It is unclear, however, if and how immune cells in the niche affect ISC fate or the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify MHC class II (MHCII) machinery enrichment in two subsets of Lgr5+ ISCs. We show that MHCII+ Lgr5+ ISCs are non-conventional antigen-presenting cells in co-cultures with CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Stimulation of intestinal organoids with key Th cytokines affects Lgr5+ ISC renewal and differentiation in opposing ways: pro-inflammatory signals promote differentiation, while regulatory cells and cytokines reduce it. In vivo genetic perturbation of Th cells or MHCII expression on Lgr5+ ISCs impacts epithelial cell differentiation and IEC fate during infection. These interactions between Th cells and Lgr5+ ISCs, thus, orchestrate tissue-wide responses to external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Biton
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam L Haber
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Noga Rogel
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Grace Burgin
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christopher Smillie
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology and Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca H Herbst
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lan T Nguyen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael E Xifaras
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES) and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology and Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hai Ning Shi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Vijay Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Rostami-Rad S, Jafari R, Yousofi Darani H. Th1/Th2-type cytokine profile in C57 black mice inoculated with live Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. J Infect Public Health 2018; 11:834-839. [PMID: 30033229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread parasitic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of a tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus. The immune response to hydatid cyst in intermediate hosts is a complex and contradictory issue. It is suggested that a Th2 response would favor the establishment of the parasite, whereas a Th1 response would be lethal for the parasite. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of IL2, TNFα, and IFNγ as T helper (Th)1-type cytokines, IL4 as a Th2-type cytokine, and total IgG in C57/black mice inoculated with E. granulosus protoscoleces (PSCs). MATERIALS AND METHOD In this experimental study, six C57/black mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with live E. granulosus PSCs and a control group consist of six C57/black mice received normal saline. The quantitative concentrations of IL2, TNFα, IFNγ, and IL4 were determined in the first, second, fourth, eighth and 12th-week post inoculation in both case and control groups. RESULTS The results showed that at the early post-infection phase (3-4 weeks) the Th1-type cytokine profile was predominant, however the shift to Th2-type cytokine took place in the 4th week. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present study, we can suggest that the shift from Th1 to Th2 reactivity may be associated with persistent of the disease because Th2 reactivity may be less effective than Th1 reactivity in countering the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rostami-Rad
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Rydzewska M, Jaromin M, Pasierowska IE, Stożek K, Bossowski A. Role of the T and B lymphocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid Res 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29449887 PMCID: PMC5812228 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-018-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) broadly include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis which are the most common causes of thyroid gland dysfunctions. These disorders develop due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors and are characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens due to autoreactive lymphocytes escaping tolerance. Both cell-mediated and humoral responses lead to tissue injury in autoimmune thyroid disease. The differentiation of CD4+ cells in the specific setting of immune mediators (for example cytokines, chemokines) results in differentiation of various T cell subsets. T cell identification has shown a mixed pattern of cytokine production indicating that both subtypes of T helper, Th1 and Th2, responses are involved in all types of AITD. Furthermore, recent studies described T cell subtypes Th17 and Treg which also play an essential role in pathogenesis of AITD. This review will focus on the role of the T regulatory (Treg) and T helper (Th) (especially Th17) lymphocytes, and also of B lymphocytes in AITD pathogenesis. However, we have much more to learn about cellular mechanisms and interactions in AITD before we can develop complete understanding of AITD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rydzewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Jaromin
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Elżbieta Pasierowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karlina Stożek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
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Bhaskaran N, Liu Z, Saravanamuthu SS, Yan C, Hu Y, Dong L, Zelenka P, Zheng L, Bletsos V, Harris R, Harrington B, Weinberg A, Thiele CJ, Ye F, Pandiyan P. Identification of Casz1 as a Regulatory Protein Controlling T Helper Cell Differentiation, Inflammation, and Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:184. [PMID: 29467767 PMCID: PMC5808336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in host defense, an imbalance in Th effector subsets due to dysregulation in their differentiation and expansion contribute to inflammatory disorders. Here, we show that Casz1, whose function is previously unknown in CD4+ T cells, coordinates Th differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Casz1 deficiency in CD4+ T cells lowers susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, consistent with the reduced frequency of Th17 cells, despite an increase in Th1 cells in mice. Loss of Casz1 in the context of mucosal Candida infection severely impairs Th17 and Treg responses, and lowers the ability of the mice to clear the secondary infection. Importantly, in both the models, absence of Casz1 causes a significant diminution in IFN-γ+IL-17A+ double-positive inflammatory Th17 cells (Th1* cells) in tissues in vivo. Transcriptome analyses of CD4+ T cells lacking Casz1 show a signature consistent with defective Th17 differentiation. With regards to Th17 differentiation, Casz1 limits repressive histone marks and enables acquisition of permissive histone marks at Rorc, Il17a, Ahr, and Runx1 loci. Taken together, these data identify Casz1 as a new Th plasticity regulator having important clinical implications for autoimmune inflammation and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Senthil S. Saravanamuthu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ying Hu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lijin Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peggy Zelenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vassili Bletsos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brenna Harrington
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Eftekhari R, Esmaeili R, Mirzaei R, Bidad K, de Lima S, Ajami M, Shirzad H, Hadjati J, Majidzadeh-A K. Study of the tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:123. [PMID: 29299026 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different cells and mediators in the tumor microenvironment play important roles in the progression of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the microenvironment during tumor progression in order to discover new related biomarkers and potentials for targeted therapy. Methods In this study, breast cancer biopsies from four different stages, and control breast biopsies were collected. Then, the mRNA expression of several markers related to different CD4+ T cell subsets including regulatory T cells (Treg), T helper (Th) type 1, 2 and 17 were determined. In addition, we investigated the expression of two inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and inflammatory mediators including FASL, IDO, SOCS1, VEGF, and CCR7. Results The results showed that the expression of Th1 and Th17 genes was decreased in tumor tissues compared to control tissues. In addition, we found that the gene expression related to these two cell subsets decreased during cancer progression. Moreover, the expression level of TNF-α increased with tumor progression. Conclusion We conclude that the expression of genes related to immune response and inflammation is different between tumor tissues and control tissues. In addition, this difference was perpetuated through the different stages of cancer.
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Niccolai E, Ricci F, Russo E, Nannini G, Emmi G, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Melli F, Miloeva M, Cianchi F, Bechi P, Prisco D, Amedei A. The Different Functional Distribution of "Not Effector" T Cells (Treg/Tnull) in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1900. [PMID: 29375559 PMCID: PMC5770731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, ranking as high as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in industrialized countries. Consistent with immunosurveillance theory, the immune system is crucial to protect the host from developing tumors, and the major players in tumoral immunity are effector T cells. Anyway, cancer cells develop strategies of immunoevasion influencing the cancer-specific lymphocyte priming, activation, and effector function. Therefore, the T cell subsets that mature during the stages of tumor growth, differently contribute to disease progression and/or regression. In our study, we analyzed the intra-tumoral and peripheral T cell subsets’ distribution in 30 patients with CRC, in order to clarify their functional role toward cancer. We found that percentage of infiltrating effector T cells decreased in cancer tissue than in healthy mucosa and that the tumor microenvironment negatively influences the cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes reactive to cancer cells. Moreover, we found that the tumor tissue was infiltrated by a large amount of “not effector” T (neT) cells with a regulatory or an anergic profile, which are unable to kill cancer cells, may be contributing to the CRC promotion. The presence of neT cells was investigated also in the peripheral blood of CRC patients, demonstrating that the peripheral T regulatory cells can inhibit the proliferation of effector T cells, confirming their immunosuppressive properties. Finally, monitoring the changes in circulating neT cells’ frequencies after the tumor removal, we confirmed the role of cancer in the modulation of immune system, in particular, in supporting a Tregs-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Melli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Manouela Miloeva
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Hamann CR, Thyssen JP. Monoclonal antibodies against interleukin 13 and interleukin 31RA in development for atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 78:S37-S42. [PMID: 29248521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 13 (IL-13) and IL-31 cytokines and inflammatory pathways have been identified as important for the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). Monoclonal antibodies against IL-13 have been studied for the treatment of asthma since 2011. More recently, 2 phase 2 trials have been completed with these antibodies in AD treatment. In both trials, significant reductions of Eczema Area and Severity Index scores were seen. IL-31 is thought to play a role transmitting itch sensation to the central nervous system, and blocking IL-31 activity reduces itch in patients with AD. One phase 2 trial has been completed for a humanized antibody against IL-31 receptor alpha, which is 1 subunit of the IL-31 receptor complex. This study showed significant dose-dependent reductions in pruritus, Eczema Area and Severity Index scores, and markers of sleep quality. Initial clinical trials for monoclonal antibodies against IL-13 and IL-31 receptor A all show promise, although long-term safety and efficacy data are lacking. Nevertheless, these medications will likely play a role in the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten R Hamann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy and the Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy and the Copenhagen Research Group for Inflammatory Skin (CORGIS), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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Ahmadi M, Abdolmohammadi-Vahid S, Ghaebi M, Aghebati-Maleki L, Afkham A, Danaii S, Abdollahi-Fard S, Heidari L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Younesi V, Nouri M, Yousefi M. Effect of Intravenous immunoglobulin on Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes and improvement of pregnancy outcome in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [PMID: 28622710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with elevated natural killer (NK) cell frequency and function during pregnancy, suffer from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In the present study, the possible effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration on Th1 and Th2 cell frequency, cytokine secretion, and expression of transcription factors is compared between RPL patients and control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally, 44 women with a history of RPL (32 women as treated group and 12 as control group) were enrolled in the study. The frequency of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes, the expression of transcription factors related to these cells and the serum levels of associated cytokines were assessed by flowcytometry, real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. All, assessments were performed both before and after treatment with IVIG. RESULTS A significant reduction in Th1 lymphocyte frequency, transcription factor expression and cytokine levels were observed in IVIG-treated group, while all the above parameters indicated a significant increase for Th2 lymphocytes. Th1/Th2 ratio decreased significantly (p value<0.0001) at the end of treatment and 28 out of 32 (87.5%) women in IVIG-treated group had live birth in comparison with 5 out of 12 (41.6%) in untreated group. CONCLUSION IVIG administration proves to be an efficient therapeutic strategy which is able to enhance the success rate of pregnancy through a shift in Th2 responses. Furthermore, IVIG presents efficacy for the treatment of reproduction failures especially in subjects with immune cell abnormalities and increased NK cell level and function.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/blood
- Abortion, Habitual/drug therapy
- Abortion, Habitual/genetics
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Adult
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/adverse effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Live Birth
- Lymphocyte Count
- Pregnancy
- Th1 Cells/drug effects
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abdolmohammadi-Vahid
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afkham
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Danaii
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Abdollahi-Fard
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lida Heidari
- Gynecology Department, Eastern Azerbaijan ACECR ART Center, Eastern Azerbaijan Branch of ACECR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kumar V, Rakha A, Saroa R, Bagai U. Immunophenotyping of blood mononuclear cells from P. berghei (NK-65) infected and immunized BALB/c mice. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:252-9. [PMID: 28316421 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the alterations in the frequencies of helper, cytotoxic and suppressor T cells in blood of P. berghei infected and TPA immunized rodent host towards the induction of protective immune response. Statistically significant (p < 0.005) number of CD4+ T cells was recorded on D9 [Post Challenge (PC)] meanwhile CD4+ Treg cells were found to be declined in immunized mice as compared to infected. This increase in frequencies of T helper cells points towards the stimulation of strong Th2 immune response in immunized mice. Statistically significant (p < 0.005) decline was observed in the frequencies of CD8+ T cells on D9 (PC) in immunized mice. In infected controls cytotoxic T cells were also found to be increased after 24 h post infection. Due to strong Th2 immune response, evident from lower frequencies of CD4+ Treg cells in immunized mice, complete protection was obtained. T reg population was found to be higher in infected controls and all control mice died.
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Ramos-Leví AM, Marazuela M. Pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune disease: the role of cellular mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 63:421-9. [PMID: 27234136 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are two very common organ-specific autoimmune diseases which are characterized by circulating antibodies and lymphocyte infiltration. Although humoral and cellular mechanisms have been classically considered separately in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), recent research suggests a close reciprocal relationship between these two immune pathways. Several B- and T-cell activation pathways through antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cytokine production lead to specific differentiation of T helper (Th) and T regulatory (Treg) cells. This review will focus on the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. Specifically, it will provide reasons for discarding the traditional simplistic dichotomous view of the T helper type 1 and 2 pathways (Th1/Th2) and will focus on the role of the recently characterized T cells, Treg and Th17 lymphocytes, as well as B lymphocytes and APCs, especially dendritic cells (DCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Ramos-Leví
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Ogata F, Fujiu K, Matsumoto S, Nakayama Y, Shibata M, Oike Y, Koshima I, Watabe T, Nagai R, Manabe I. Excess Lymphangiogenesis Cooperatively Induced by Macrophages and CD4(+) T Cells Drives the Pathogenesis of Lymphedema. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:706-714. [PMID: 27015456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphedema is a debilitating progressive condition that severely restricts quality of life and is frequently observed after cancer surgery. The mechanism underlying lymphedema development remains poorly understood, and no effective pharmacological means to prevent or alleviate the ailment is currently available. Using a mouse model of lymphedema, we show here that excessive generation of immature lymphatic vessels is essential for initial edema development and that this early process is also important for later development of lymphedema pathology. We found that CD4(+) T cells interact with macrophages to promote lymphangiogenesis, and that both lymphangiogenesis and edema were greatly reduced in macrophage-depleted mice, lymphocyte-deficient Rag2(?/?) mice or CD4(+) T-cell-deficient mice. Mechanistically, T helper type 1 and T helper type 17 cells activate lesional macrophages to produce vascular endothelial growth factor-C, which promotes lymphangiogenesis, and inhibition of this mechanism suppressed not only early lymphangiogenesis, but also later development of lymphedema. Finally, we show that atorvastatin suppresses excessive lymphangiogenesis and lymphedema by inhibiting T helper type 1 and T helper type 17 cell activation. These results demonstrate that the interaction between CD4(+) T cells and macrophages is a potential therapeutic target for prevention of lymphedema after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusa Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahohime Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiteru Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehiko Shibata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Isao Koshima
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Section of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Bio-matrix, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Aging Research, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.
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Francisconi CF, Vieira AE, Biguetti CC, Glowacki AJ, Trombone APF, Letra A, Menezes Silva R, Sfeir CS, Little SR, Garlet GP. Characterization of the Protective Role of Regulatory T Cells in Experimental Periapical Lesion Development and Their Chemoattraction Manipulation as a Therapeutic Tool. J Endod 2015; 42:120-6. [PMID: 26589811 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of periapical lesions is determined by the balance between host proinflammatory immune response and counteracting anti-inflammatory and reparative responses, which include regulatory T cells (Tregs) as potential immunoregulatory agents. In this study, we investigated (in a cause-and-effect manner) the involvement of CCL22-CCR4 axis in Treg migration to the periapical area and the role of Tregs in the determination of outcomes in periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced in C57Bl/6 (wild-type) and CCR4KO mice (pulp exposure and bacterial inoculation) and treated with anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene to inhibit Treg function or alternatively with CCL22-releasing, polylactic-glycolic acid particles to induce site-specific migration of Tregs. After treatment, lesions were analyzed for Treg influx and phenotype, overall periapical bone loss, and inflammatory/immunologic and wound healing marker expression (analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction array). RESULTS Treg inhibition by anti-glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family regulated gene or CCR4 depletion results in a significant increase in periapical lesion severity, associated with upregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with decreased Treg and healing marker expression. The local release of CCL22 in the root canal system resulted in the promotion of Treg migration in a CCR4-dependent manner, leading to the arrest of periapical lesion progression, associated with downregulation of proinflammatory, T-helper 1, T-helper 17, and tissue destruction markers in parallel with increased Treg and healing marker expression. CONCLUSIONS Because the natural and CCL22-induced Treg migration switches active lesion into inactivity phenotype, Treg chemoattractant may be a promising strategy for the clinical management of periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Glowacki
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles S Sfeir
- Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Little
- Departments of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nakamura K, Matsuoka H, Nakashima S, Kanda T, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Akiyama H. Oral administration of apple condensed tannins delays rheumatoid arthritis development in mice via downregulation of T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1406-10. [PMID: 25917233 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Apples are known to contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds such as condensed tannins. Consumption of condensed tannins has been reported to reduce the risk of many types of chronic diseases including allergies. However, their therapeutic effectiveness and potential in treating autoimmune disease remain controversial. Here, the effect of oral administration of apple condensed tannins (ACT) prepared from apples (Malus pumila cv. Fuji) on bovine type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis in DBA1/J mice, a well-established murine model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was evaluated. As compared to the control (without ACT administration) group, RA development was delayed and a significant reduction in the RA clinical score was observed in the ACT-administered group. Using cultured splenocytes isolated from CII-immunized mice, ACT-administration was shown to decrease the CII-induced increases in IL-17 expression and production in vitro. We propose that downregulation of T helper (Th) 17 cells is responsible for the ACT-induced RA suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Nakamura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsuoka
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Gholizadeh N, Mehdipour M, Najafi S, Bahramian A, Garjani S, Khoeini Poorfar H. Evaluation of the serum zinc level in erosive and non-erosive oral lichen planus. J Dent (Shiraz) 2014; 15:52-6. [PMID: 24883340 PMCID: PMC4033083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory immunologic-based disease involving skin and mucosa. This disease is generally divided into two categories: erosive and non-erosive. Many etiologic factors are deliberated regarding the disease; however, the disorders of immune system and the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and monocytes are more highlighted. Zinc is an imperative element for the growth of epithelium and its deficiency induces the cytotoxic activity of T-helper2 cells, which seems to be associated with lichen planus. PURPOSE This study was aimed to evaluate the levels of serum zinc in erosive and non-erosive oral lichen planus (OLP) and to compare it with the healthy control group to find out any feasible inference. MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of 22 patients with erosive oral lichen planus, 22 patients with non erosive OLP and 44 healthy individuals as the control group were recruited in this descriptive-comparative study. All the participants were selected from the referees to the department of oral medicine, school of dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Serum zinc level was examined for all the individuals with liquid-stat kit (Beckman Instruments Inc.; Carlsbad, CA). Data were analyzed by adopting the ANOVA and Tukey tests, using SPSS 16 statistical software. RESULTS The mean age of patients with erosive and non-erosive LP was 41.7 and 41.3 years, respectively. The mean age of the healthy control group was 34.4 years .The mean serum zinc levels in the erosive and non erosive lichen planus groups and control groups were 8.3 (1.15), 11.15 (0.92) and 15.74 (1.75) μg/dl respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The serum zinc levels were decreased in patients with erosive oral lichen planus. This finding may probably indicate the promising role of zinc in development of oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Gholizadeh
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Mehdipour
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sh. Najafi
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Bahramian
- Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sh. Garjani
- Dept. of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H. Khoeini Poorfar
- Dept. of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ozkan ZS, Deveci D, Simsek M, Ilhan F, Risvanli A, Sapmaz E. What is the impact of SOCS3, IL-35 and IL17 in immune pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:324-8. [PMID: 24762139 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.916676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the plasma levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), IL-17, IL-35 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the women with history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and in the fertile controls. METHODS This study was conducted with 60 idiopathic RPL cases and 40 age-matched fertile controls. Mid-follicular plasma levels of IL-17, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, SOCS3 and IL-35 were assayed by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The mean age of RPL and control cases were 31.6 ± 0.6 and 32.1 ± 0.7 years, respectively. While plasma IL-35 and SOCS3 levels of RPL group were significantly lower than that of the control group; IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta levels of RPL group were significantly higher than that of the control group. The comparison of cytokine ratios between RPL and control groups indicated significantly high TNF-alpha/IL-10, TNF-alpha/IL-4, IFN-gamma/IL-10, IFN-gamma/IL-6 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios in the RPL group. IL-35/IL-17 ratio was significantly low in the RPL group compared to that in the control group. Overstimulation of TNF-alpha presented moderate influence on recurrent miscarriage risk. CONCLUSION Decreased SOCS3 and IL-35 plasma levels and increased Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios in RPL cases pointed out the supression of anti-inflammatory process and this supression might play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Sema Ozkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Firat University School of Medicine , Elazig , Turkey
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Sanseverino I, Purificato C, Varano B, Conti L, Gessani S, Gauzzi MC. STAT3-silenced human dendritic cells have an enhanced ability to prime IFNγ production by both αβ and γδ T lymphocytes. Immunobiology 2014; 219:503-11. [PMID: 24674241 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are an attractive target for therapeutic manipulation of the immune system to enhance insufficient immune responses, such those occurring in cancer, or to dampen dangerous responses in allergic and autoimmune diseases. Main goal of this study was to manipulate human monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) function by silencing STAT3, since this transcription factor plays a key role as a negative regulator of immune surveillance, and is strongly involved in inflammation. STAT3 silencing did not affect the immunophenotype of both immature and toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-matured DC. However, an altered cytokine secretion profile, characterized by lower IL10 and higher IL12 and TNFα levels, was observed in silenced DC with respect to control cells upon TLR triggering. Accordingly, STAT3 silenced MDDC promoted a higher IFNγ production by CD4(+) naïve T cells. Furthermore, STAT3 silencing in MDDC favored the activation of γδ T lymphocytes, an immune cell population with important antitumor effector activities. This effect was at least in part mediated by the increased IL12 production by silenced cells. STAT3 silencing also increased the levels of CCL4, a CCR5-binding chemokine known to be involved in T helper 1 (Th1) cell recruitment. Altogether these results strengthen the role of STAT3 as a critical check point of the suppression of Th1 responses, unraveling its potential to dampen DC capability to both induce and recruit different IFNγ producing T lymphocyte subsets.
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De Groot AS, Moise L, Liu R, Gutierrez AH, Terry F, Koita OA, Ross TM, Martin W. Cross-conservation of T-cell epitopes: now even more relevant to (H7N9) influenza vaccine design. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:256-62. [PMID: 24525618 PMCID: PMC4185886 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza strain emerged in China in April 2013. Since its re-emergence in October–November 2013, the number of reported cases has accelerated; more than 220 laboratory-confirmed cases and 112 deaths (case fatality rate of 20–30%) have been reported. The resurgence of H7N9 has re-emphasized the importance of making faster and more effective influenza vaccines than those that are currently available. Recombinant H7 hemagglutinin (H7-HA) vaccines have been produced, addressing the first problem. Unfortunately, these recombinant subunit vaccine products appear to have failed to address the second problem, influenza vaccine efficacy. Reported unadjuvanted H7N9 vaccine seroconversion rates were between 6% and 16%, nearly 10-fold lower than rates for unadjuvanted vaccine seroconversion to standard H1N1 monovalent (recombinant) vaccine (89% to pandemic H1N1). Could this state of affairs have been predicted? As it turns out, yes, and it was.1 In that previous analysis of available H7-HA sequences, we found fewer T-cell epitopes per protein than expected, and predicted that H7-HA-based vaccines would be much less antigenic than recent seasonal vaccines. Novel approaches to developing a more immunogenic HA were offered for consideration at the time, and now, as the low immunogenicity of H7N9 vaccines appears to indicate, they appear to be even more relevant. More effective H7N9 influenza vaccines can be produced, provided that the role of T-cell epitopes is carefully considered, and accumulated knowledge about the importance of cross-conserved epitopes between viral subtypes is applied to the design of those vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S De Groot
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics; University of Rhode Island; Providence, RI USA; EpiVax, Inc.; Providence, RI USA
| | - Lenny Moise
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics; University of Rhode Island; Providence, RI USA; EpiVax, Inc.; Providence, RI USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics; University of Rhode Island; Providence, RI USA
| | - Andres H Gutierrez
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics; University of Rhode Island; Providence, RI USA
| | | | - Ousmane A Koita
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology; University of Bamako; Bamako, Mali; Project SEREFO-NIAID (Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur le VIH/Sida et la Tuberculose-Institut National des Maladies Infectieuses et Allergiques); University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako; Bamako, Mali
| | - Ted M Ross
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida; Port St. Lucie, FL USA
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Myint AM, Kim YK. Network beyond IDO in psychiatric disorders: revisiting neurodegeneration hypothesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:304-13. [PMID: 24184687 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of immune system activation in the pathophysiology of certain psychiatric disorders is well documented. Inflammatory molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines could enhance the activity of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme which is the first rate-limiting enzyme of the tryptophan degradation pathway, the kynurenine pathway. The increased tryptophan degradation could induce serotonin depletion and depressive mood. On the other hand, the downstream metabolites from this pathway, such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid, are neuroactive metabolites which can modulate several neurotransmissions, such as glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmissions, which in turn induce changes in neuronal-glial network and neuropsychiatric consequences. In this issue, we have revised the previous 'neurodegeneration hypothesis,' which explained the involvement of cytokines and IDO pathway interaction in depression, with a further extended view related to the network beyond IDO, the network between immune molecules, tryptophan metabolites and different neurotransmitters, in depression and other major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and childhood psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye-Mu Myint
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7; D-80336 Munich, Germany; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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Martinez PJ, Mathews C, Actor JK, Hwang SA, Brown EL, De Santiago HK, Fisher Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Mirza S. Impaired CD4+ and T-helper 17 cell memory response to Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with elevated glucose and percent glycated hemoglobin A1c in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Transl Res 2014; 163:53-63. [PMID: 23927943 PMCID: PMC3954646 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are significantly more susceptible to pneumococcal infections than healthy individuals of the same age. Increased susceptibility is the result of impairments in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Given the central role of T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells in pneumococcal infection and their altered phenotype in diabetes, this study was designed to analyze the Th17 and Treg cell responses to a whole heat-killed capsular type 2 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Patients with diabetes demonstrated a lower frequency of total CD+T-cells, which showed a significant inverse association with elevated fasting blood glucose. Measurement of specific subsets indicated that those with diabetes had, low intracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-17, and lower pathogen-specific memory CD4+ and IL-17+ cell numbers. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of CD4+ and Th17 cells between those with and without diabetes. However, stratification of data by obesity indicated a significant increase in frequency of CD4+ and Th17 cells in obese individuals with diabetes compared with nonobese individual with diabetes. The memory CD+T-cell response was associated inversely with both fasting blood glucose and percent glycated hemoglobin A1c. This study demonstrated that those with type 2 diabetes have a diminished pathogen-specific memory CD4+ and Th17 response, and low percentages of CD+T-cells in response to S. pneumoniae stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla J Martinez
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Tex
| | - Christine Mathews
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Tex
| | - Jeffrey K Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Shen-An Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Eric L Brown
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, Tex
| | - Heather K De Santiago
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San-Antonio-Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, San Antonio, Tex
| | - Susan P Fisher Hoch
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Tex
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Tex
| | - Shaper Mirza
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Brownsville Regional Campus, Brownsville, Tex.
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Antonelli A, Ferrari SM, Giuggioli D, Ferrannini E, Ferri C, Fallahi P. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 13:272-80. [PMID: 24189283 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 (CXCL10) belongs to the ELR(-) CXC subfamily chemokine. CXCL10 exerts its function through binding to chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3), a seven trans-membrane receptor coupled to G proteins. CXCL10 and its receptor, CXCR3, appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, organ specific (such as type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves' disease and ophthalmopathy), or systemic (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed cryoglobulinemia, Sjögren syndrome, or systemic sclerosis). The secretion of CXCL10 by cluster of differentiation (CD)4+, CD8+, natural killer (NK) and NK-T cells is dependent on interferon (IFN)-γ, which is itself mediated by the interleukin-12 cytokine family. Under the influence of IFN-γ, CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, thyrocytes, preadipocytes, etc. Determination of high level of CXCL10 in peripheral fluids is therefore a marker of host immune response, especially T helper (Th)1 orientated T-cells. In tissues, recruited Th1 lymphocytes may be responsible for enhanced IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α production, which in turn stimulates CXCL10 secretion from a variety of cells, therefore creating an amplification feedback loop, and perpetuating the autoimmune process. Further studies are needed to investigate interactions between chemokines and cytokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to evaluate whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in various autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Maternal, Pediatric and Adult Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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