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Focosi D, Franchini M, Senefeld JW, Joyner MJ, Sullivan DJ, Pekosz A, Maggi F, Casadevall A. Passive immunotherapies for the next influenza pandemic. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2533. [PMID: 38635404 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Influenzavirus is among the most relevant candidates for a next pandemic. We review here the phylogeny of former influenza pandemics, and discuss candidate lineages. After briefly reviewing the other existing antiviral options, we discuss in detail the evidences supporting the efficacy of passive immunotherapies against influenzavirus, with a focus on convalescent plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Mantua Hospital, Mantua, Italy
| | - Jonathon W Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Lin Y, Fu S, Chen J, Xu L, Liu T, Niu B, Huang Q, Liu H, Zheng C, Liao M, Jia W. Evolution and Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Influenza A( H7N9) Virus, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30. [PMID: 38640498 DOI: 10.3201/eid3006.230530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We characterized the evolution and molecular characteristics of avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses isolated in China during 2021-2023. We systematically analyzed the 10-year evolution of the hemagglutinin gene to determine the evolutionary branch. Our results showed recent antigenic drift, providing crucial clues for updating the H7N9 vaccine and disease prevention and control.
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3
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Ghafoor D, Zeb A, Ali SS, Ali M, Akbar F, Ud Din Z, Ur Rehman S, Suleman M, Khan W. Immunoinformatic based designing of potential immunogenic novel mRNA and peptide-based prophylactic vaccines against H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza viruses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3641-3658. [PMID: 37222664 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are the most common cause of serious respiratory illnesses worldwide and are responsible for a significant number of annual fatalities. Therefore, it is crucial to look for new immunogenic sites that might trigger an effective immune response. In the present study, bioinformatics tools were used to design mRNA and multiepitope-based vaccines against H5N1 and H7N9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses. Several Immunoinformatic tools were employed to extrapolate T and B lymphocyte epitopes of HA and NA proteins of both subtypes. The molecular docking approach was used to dock the selected HTL and CTL epitopes with the corresponding MHC molecules. Eight (8) CTL, four (4) HTL, and Six (6) linear B cell epitopes were chosen for the structural arrangement of mRNA and of peptide-based prophylactic vaccine designs. Different physicochemical characteristics of the selected epitopes fitted with suitable linkers were analyzed. High antigenic, non-toxic, and non-allergenic features of the designed vaccines were noted at a neutral physiological pH. Codon optimization tool was used to check the GC content and CAI value of constructed MEVC-Flu vaccine, which were recorded to be 50.42% and 0.97 respectively. the GC content and CAI value verify the stable expression of vaccine in pET28a + vector. In-silico immunological simulation the MEVC-Flu vaccine construct revealed a high level of immune responses. The molecular dynamics simulation and docking results confirmed the stable interaction of TLR-8 and MEVC-Flu vaccine. Based on these parameters, vaccine constructs can be regarded as an optimistic choice against H5N1 and H7N9 strains of the influenza virus. Further experimental testing of these prophylactic vaccine designs against pathogenic avian influenza strains may clarify their safety and efficacy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Ghafoor
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Adnan Zeb
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan Quetta, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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4
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Zhang M, Liu M, Chen H, Qiu T, Jin X, Fu W, Teng Q, Zhao C, Xu J, Li Z, Zhang X. PB2 residue 473 contributes to the mammalian virulence of H7N9 avian influenza virus by modulating viral polymerase activity via ANP32A. J Virol 2024; 98:e0194423. [PMID: 38421166 PMCID: PMC10949425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01944-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the first human infection reported in 2013, H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been regarded as a serious threat to human health. In this study, we sought to identify the virulence determinant of the H7N9 virus in mammalian hosts. By comparing the virulence of the SH/4664 H7N9 virus, a non-virulent H9N2 virus, and various H7N9-H9N2 hybrid viruses in infected mice, we first pinpointed PB2 as the primary viral factor accounting for the difference between H7N9 and H9N2 in mammalian virulence. We further analyzed the in vivo effects of individually mutating H7N9 PB2 residues different from the closely related H9N2 virus and consequently found residue 473, alongside the well-known residue 627, to be critical for the virulence of the H7N9 virus in mice and the activity of its reconstituted viral polymerase in mammalian cells. The importance of PB2-473 was further strengthened by studying reverse H7N9 substitutions in the H9N2 background. Finally, we surprisingly found that species-specific usage of ANP32A, a family member of host factors connecting with the PB2-627 polymorphism, mediates the contribution of PB2 473 residue to the mammalian adaption of AIV polymerase, as the attenuating effect of PB2 M473T on the viral polymerase activity and viral growth of the H7N9 virus could be efficiently complemented by co-expression of chicken ANP32A but not mouse ANP32A and ANP32B. Together, our studies uncovered the PB2 473 residue as a novel viral host range determinant of AIVs via species-specific co-opting of the ANP32 host factor to support viral polymerase activity.IMPORTANCEThe H7N9 avian influenza virus has been considered to have the potential to cause the next pandemic since the first case of human infection reported in 2013. In this study, we identified PB2 residue 473 as a new determinant of mouse virulence and mammalian adaptation of the viral polymerase of the H7N9 virus and its non-pathogenic H9N2 counterparts. We further demonstrated that the variation in PB2-473 is functionally linked to differential co-opting of the host ANP32A protein in supporting viral polymerase activity, which is analogous to the well-known PB2-627 polymorphism, albeit the two PB2 positions are spatially distant. By providing new mechanistic insight into the PB2-mediated host range determination of influenza A viruses, our study implicated the potential existence of multiple PB2-ANP32 interfaces that could be targets for developing new antivirals against the H7N9 virus as well as other mammalian-adapted influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihui Fu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Sergeeva Y, Yeung SY, Sellergren B. Heteromultivalent Ligand Display on Reversible Self-Assembled Monolayers (rSAMs): A Fluidic Platform for Tunable Influenza Virus Recognition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:3139-3146. [PMID: 38197122 PMCID: PMC10811624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We report on the design of heteromultivalent influenza A virus (IAV) receptors based on reversible self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) featuring two distinct mobile ligands. The principal layer building blocks consist of α-(4-amidinophenoxy)alkanes decorated at the ω-position with sialic acid (SA) and the neuraminidase inhibitor Zanamivir (Zan), acting as two mobile ligands binding to the complementary receptors hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) on the virus surface. From ternary amphiphile mixtures comprising these ligands, the amidines spontaneously self-assemble on top of carboxylic acid-terminated SAMs to form reversible mixed monolayers (rSAMs) that are easily tunable with respect to the ligand ratio. We show that this results in the ability to construct surfaces featuring a very strong affinity for the surface proteins and specific virus subtypes. Hence, an rSAM prepared from solutions containing 15% SA and 10% Zan showed an exceptionally high affinity and selectivity for the avian IAV H7N9 (Kd = 11 fM) that strongly exceeded the affinity for other subtypes (H3N2, H5N1, H1N1). Changing the SA/Zan ratio resulted in changes in the relative preference between the four tested subtypes, suggesting this to be a key parameter for rapid adjustments of both virus affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Sergeeva
- Department of Biomedical
Sciences and Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Faculty
of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical
Sciences and Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Faculty
of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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6
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Murray J, Martin DE, Hosking S, Orr-Burks N, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA. Probenecid Inhibits Influenza A(H5N1) and A( H7N9) Viruses In Vitro and in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:152. [PMID: 38275962 PMCID: PMC10821351 DOI: 10.3390/v16010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) viruses cause infection in birds and humans. Several H5N1 and H7N9 variants are highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. H5N1 is a highly infectious bird virus infecting primarily poultry, but unlike other AIs, H5N1 also infects mammals and transmits to humans with a case fatality rate above 40%. Similarly, H7N9 can infect humans, with a case fatality rate of over 40%. Since 1996, there have been several HPAI outbreaks affecting humans, emphasizing the need for safe and effective antivirals. We show that probenecid potently inhibits H5N1 and H7N9 replication in prophylactically or therapeutically treated A549 cells and normal human broncho-epithelial (NHBE) cells, and H5N1 replication in VeroE6 cells and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Murray
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | | | - Sarah Hosking
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | - Nichole Orr-Burks
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Animal Health Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine Athens, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (J.M.); (S.H.); (N.O.-B.); (R.J.H.)
- TrippBio, Inc., Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA;
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7
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Tzeng TT, Chai KM, Chen IH, Chang RY, Chiang JR, Liu SJ. A TLR9 agonist synergistically enhances protective immunity induced by an Alum-adjuvanted H7N9 inactivated whole-virion vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2249130. [PMID: 37585273 PMCID: PMC10467522 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2249130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Antigen sparing is an important strategy for pandemic vaccine development because of the limitation of worldwide vaccine production during disease outbreaks. However, several clinical studies have demonstrated that the current aluminum (Alum)-adjuvanted influenza vaccines fail to sufficiently enhance immune responses to meet licensing criteria. Here, we used pandemic H7N9 as a model virus to demonstrate that a 10-fold lower amount of vaccine antigen combined with Alum and TLR9 agonist can provide stronger protective effects than using Alum as the sole adjuvant. We found that the Alum/CpG 1018 combination adjuvant could induce more robust virus-specific humoral immune responses, including higher total IgG production, hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody activity, and neutralizing antibody titres, than the Alum-adjuvanted formulation. Moreover, this combination adjuvant shifted the immune response toward a Th1-biased immune response. Importantly, the Alum/CpG 1018-formulated vaccine could confer better protective immunity against H7N9 challenge than that adjuvanted with Alum alone. Notably, the addition of CpG 1018 to the Alum-adjuvanted H7N9 whole-virion vaccine exhibited an antigen-sparing effect without compromising vaccine efficacy. These findings have significant implications for improving Alum-adjuvanted influenza vaccines using the approved adjuvant CpG 1018 for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Teng Tzeng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Kit Man Chai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - I-Hua Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Yuan Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ron Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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8
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Xu N, Wang X, Cai M, Tang X, Yang W, Lu X, Liu X, Hu S, Gu M, Hu J, Gao R, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu X, Wang X. Mutations in HA and PA affect the transmissibility of H7N9 avian influenza virus in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109910. [PMID: 38016409 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Low pathogenic (LP) H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) emerged in 2013 and had spread widely over several months in China, experienced a noteworthy reduction in isolation rate in poultry and human since 2017. Here, we examined the transmission of H7N9 viruses to better understand viral spread and dissemination mechanisms. Three out of four viruses (2013-2016) could transmit in chickens through direct contact, and airborne transmission was confirmed in the JT157 (2016) virus. However, we did not detect the transmission of the two 2017 viruses, WF69 and AH395, through either direct or airborne exposure. Molecular analysis of genome sequence of two viruses identified eleven mutations located in viral proteins (except for matrix protein), such as PA (K362R and S364N) and HA (D167N, H7 numbering), etc. We explored the genetic determinants that contributed to the difference in transmissibility of the viruses in chickens by generating a series of reassortants in the JT157 background. We found that the replacement of HA gene in JT157 by that of WF69 abrogated the airborne transmission in recipient chickens, whereas the combination of HA and PA replacement led to the loss of airborne and direct contact transmission. Failure with contact transmission of the viruses has been associated with the emergence of the mutations D167N in HA and K362R and S364N in PA. Furthermore, the HA D167N mutation significantly reduced viral attachment to chicken lung and trachea tissues, while mutations K362R and S364N in PA reduced the nuclear transport efficiency and the PA protein expression levels in both cytoplasm and nucleus of CEF cells. The D167N substitution in HA reduced the H7N9 viral acid stability and avian-like receptor binding, while enhanced human-like receptor binding. Further analysis revealed these mutants grew poorly in vitro and in vivo. To conclude, H7N9 AIVs that contain mutations in the HA and PA protein reduced the viral transmissibility in chicken, and may pose a reduced threat for poultry but remain a heightened public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqing Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinen Tang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruyi Gao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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9
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Liao Q, Shen J, Chen Y, Shu Y. Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of serum IgA levels on H7N9 avian influenza A virus susceptibility. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29266. [PMID: 38009617 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) that cross the species barrier to infect humans have the potential to initiate a new pandemic. However, the host factors influencing avian IAV infection remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by integrating our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) of avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility (with 217 cases and 116 controls) with the largest GWAS of serum IgA levels to date (sample size 41 263). Using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, we discovered that genetically decreased serum IgA levels were associated with an increased risk of H7N9 infection (β = -2.528, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.572 to -0.484; p = 0.015). Consistent results were obtained from three other MR methods, including robust IVW estimation (β = -2.506, 95% CI: -4.109 to -0.902; p = 0.002), generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR) (β = -2.238, 95% CI: -4.106 to -0.602; p = 0.019), and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) (β = -2.528, 95% CI: -4.396 to -0.892; p = 0.026). In conclusion, our analysis provided compelling evidence support a causal relationship between genetically predicted serum IgA levels and avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Honda-Okubo Y, Sakala IG, André G, Tarbet EB, Hurst BL, Petrovsky N. An Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine provides immunity against H7N9 influenza in adult and neonatal mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:5592-5602. [PMID: 37532610 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a major unmet need for strategies to improve the immunogenicity and effectiveness of pandemic influenza vaccines, particularly in poor responder populations such as neonates. Recombinant protein approaches to pandemic influenza offer advantages over more traditional inactivated virus approaches, as they are free of problems such as egg adaptation or need for high level biosecurity containment for manufacture. However, a weakness of recombinant proteins is their low immunogenicity. We asked whether the use of an inulin polysaccharide adjuvant (Advax) alone or combined with a TLR9 agonist (CpG55.2) would enhance the immunogenicity and protection of a recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine against H7N9 influenza (rH7HA), including in neonatal mice. Advax adjuvant induced predominantly IgG1 responses against H7HA, whereas Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant also induced IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 responses, consistent with the TLR9 agonist component inducing a Th1 bias. Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted rH7HA induced high serum neutralizing antibody titers in adult mice. In newborns it similarly overcame immune hypo-responsiveness and enhanced serum anti-rH7HA IgG levels in 7-day-old BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice. Immunized adult mice were protected against a lethal H7N9 virus challenge. When formulated with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant, greater protection was seen with rH7HA than with inactivated H7 whole virus antigen. Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted rH7HA represents a promising influenza vaccine platform for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Isaac G Sakala
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | | | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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11
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Bosco-Lauth A, Rodriguez A, Maison RM, Porter SM, Root JJ. H7N9 influenza A virus transmission in a multispecies barnyard model. Virology 2023; 582:100-105. [PMID: 37043909 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are a diverse group of pathogens that have been responsible for millions of human and avian deaths throughout history. Here, we illustrate the transmission potential of H7N9 influenza A virus between Coturnix quail (Coturnix sp.), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) co-housed in an artificial barnyard setting. In each of four replicates, individuals from a single species were infected with the virus. Quail shed virus orally and were a source of infection for both chickens and ducks. Infected chickens transmitted the virus to quail but not to ducks or house sparrows. Infected ducks transmitted to chickens, resulting in seroconversion without viral shedding. House sparrows did not shed virus sufficiently to transmit to other species. These results demonstrate that onward transmission varies by index species, and that gallinaceous birds are more likely to maintain H7N9 than ducks or passerines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bosco-Lauth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Anna Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Central District Health Department, Grand Island, NE, USA
| | - Rachel M Maison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie M Porter
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Root
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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12
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Yin Y, Liu Y, Fen J, Liu K, Qin T, Chen S, Peng D, Liu X. Characterization of an H7N9 Influenza Virus Isolated from Camels in Inner Mongolia, China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0179822. [PMID: 36809036 PMCID: PMC10100662 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01798-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The H7N9 subtype of influenza virus can infect birds and humans, causing great losses in the poultry industry and threatening public health worldwide. However, H7N9 infection in other mammals has not been reported yet. In the present study, one H7N9 subtype influenza virus, A/camel/Inner Mongolia/XL/2020 (XL), was isolated from the nasal swabs of camels in Inner Mongolia, China, in 2020. Sequence analyses revealed that the hemagglutinin cleavage site of the XL virus was ELPKGR/GLF, which is a low-pathogenicity molecular characteristic. The XL virus had similar mammalian adaptations to human-originated H7N9 viruses, such as the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) Glu-to-Lys mutation at position 627 (E627K) mutation, but differed from avian-originated H7N9 viruses. The XL virus showed a higher SA-α2,6-Gal receptor-binding affinity and better mammalian cell replication than the avian H7N9 virus. Moreover, the XL virus had weak pathogenicity in chickens, with an intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.01, and intermediate virulence in mice, with a median lethal dose of 4.8. The XL virus replicated well and caused clear infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of mice. Our data constitute the first evidence that the low-pathogenicity H7N9 influenza virus can infect camels and therefore poses a high risk to public health. IMPORTANCE H5 subtype avian influenza viruses can cause serious diseases in poultry and wild birds. On rare occasions, viruses can cause cross-species transmission to mammalian species, including humans, pigs, horses, canines, seals, and minks. The H7N9 subtype of the influenza virus can also infect both birds and humans. However, viral infection in other mammalian species has not been reported yet. In this study, we found that the H7N9 virus could infect camels. Notably, the H7N9 virus from camels had mammalian adaption molecular markers, including altered receptor-binding activity on the hemagglutinin protein and an E627K mutation on the polymerase basic protein 2 protein. Our findings indicated that the potential risk of camel-origin H7N9 virus to public health is of great concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Fen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaituo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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He D, Gu M, Wang X, Yan Y, Li Y, Wang X, Hu S, Liu X. Reintroduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza A H7N9 virus in southwestern China. Virus Genes 2023; 59:479-483. [PMID: 36781818 PMCID: PMC9924862 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza A H7N9 virus has emerged in China since 2016. In recent years, it has been most prevalent in northern China. However, several strains of HP H7N9 reappeared in southwestern China (Yunnan Province) in 2021. As a result, we are wondering if these viruses have re-emerged in situ or been reintroduced. Here, we present phylogenetic evidence that the HP H7N9 viruses isolated in Yunnan emigrated from northern to southwestern China in 2020. The northern subregion of China has become a novel epicenter in HP H7N9 dissemination. Meanwhile, a cleavage motif re-emerged due to the T341I mutation, implying a parallel evolution. This cross-region transmission, which originated in non-adjacent provinces and traveled a great geographic distance in an unknown way, indicates that HP H7N9 dissemination did not halt in 2020, even under the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional surveillance studies in poultry are required to determine the HP H7N9 virus's geographic distribution and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang He
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Gu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yayao Yan
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- grid.268415.cAnimal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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14
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Chang P, Lukosaityte D, Sealy JE, Rijal P, Sadeyen JR, Bhat S, Crossley S, Daines R, Huang KA, Townsend AR, Iqbal M. Antigenic Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapeutic Use against H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0143122. [PMID: 36541801 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01431-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused more than 1,500 human infections and the culling of millions of poultry. Despite large-scale poultry vaccination, H7N9 AIVs continue to circulate among poultry in China and pose a threat to human health. Previously, we isolated and generated four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV. Here, we investigated the hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes of H7N9 AIV targeted by these mAbs (L3A-44, K9B-122, L4A-14, and L4B-18) using immune escape studies. Our results revealed four key antigenic epitopes at HA amino acid positions 125, 133, 149, and 217. The mutant H7N9 viruses representing escape mutations containing an alanine-to-threonine substitution at residue 125 (A125T), a glycine-to-glutamic acid substitution at residue 133 (G133E), an asparagine-to-aspartic acid substitution at residue 149 (N149D), or a leucine-to-glutamine substitution at residue 217 (L217Q) showed reduced or completely abolished cross-reactivity with the mAbs, as measured by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. We further assessed the potential risk of these mutants to humans should they emerge following mAb treatment by measuring the impact of these HA mutations on virus fitness and evasion of host adaptive immunity. Here, we showed that the L4A-14 mAb had broad neutralizing capabilities, and its escape mutant N149D had reduced viral stability and human receptor binding and could be neutralized by both postinfection and antigen-induced sera. Therefore, the L4A-14 mAb could be a therapeutic candidate for H7N9 AIV infection in humans and warrants further investigation for therapeutic applications. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N9 continues to circulate and evolve in birds, posing a credible threat to humans. Antiviral drugs have proven useful for the treatment of severe influenza infections in humans; however, concerns have been raised as antiviral-resistant mutants have emerged. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been studied for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications in infectious disease control and have demonstrated great potential. For example, mAb treatment has significantly reduced the risk of people developing severe disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition to the protection efficiency, we should also consider the potential risk of the escape mutants generated by mAb treatment to public health by assessing their viral fitness and potential to compromise host adaptive immunity. Considering these parameters, we assessed four human mAbs derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV and showed that the mAb L4A-14 displayed potential as a therapeutic candidate.
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15
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Liu YC, Liao GR, Tsai AY, Tseng CY, Kuan CY, Tsai RS, Albrecht RA, Kuo RL, Cheng IC, Liang WT, Ou SC, Hsu WL. NS2 is a key determinant of compatibility in reassortant avian influenza virus with heterologous H7N9-derived NS segment. Virus Res 2023; 324:199028. [PMID: 36572153 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are common pathogens with high prevalence worldwide and potential for pandemic spread. While influenza A infections typically elicit robust cellular innate immune responses, the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antagonizes host anti-viral responses and is critical for efficient virus replication and virulence. The avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N9 initially emerged in China in 2013 and has since crossed the avian-human barrier, causing severe disease in humans. To investigate the influence of the H7N9 NS gene (NS079) on viral replication and innate immune response, we generated several recombinant AIVs bearing various NS079 segments on the backbone of H6N1 (strain 0702). Intriguingly, the recombinant virus bearing the heterologous NS079 gene was highly attenuated compared with virus carrying the homologous NS gene (NS0702). Furthermore, we generated a NS079-0702R virus that expresses a chimeric NS gene in which part of the NS079 effector domain was replaced with the sequence from NS0702. The NS079-0702R virus exhibited significantly enhanced viral yield, approximately 100-fold more than virus bearing NS079. The high infection rate of NS079-0702R virus was reflected by strong induction of IFN and Mx expression in human A549 cells. Intriguingly, our in vitro comparative analysis suggested that the increased NS079-0702R infection capacity was independent of the ability of NS1 to interact with cellular partners, such as PKR and CPSF30. Since partial substitution of the effector domain from NS0702 altered the coding sequence of NS2, we further generated another recombinant virus with NS2 derived from H7N9. Surprisingly, the virus with H7N9-derived NS2 exhibited growth characteristics similar to NS079. Our data demonstrate that swapping NS2 components changes infection efficiency, suggesting a key role for NS2 as a determinant of viral compatibility upon reassortment. These findings warrant further investigation into the precise mechanisms by which NS2 contributes to viral replication and host immunity.1.
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16
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Xu H, Peng L, Wu J, Khan A, Sun Y, Shen H, Li Z. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Associated Proteins13a combined with magnetic beads, chemiluminescence and reverse transcription-recombinase aided amplification for detection of avian influenza a ( H7N9) virus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1094028. [PMID: 36686235 PMCID: PMC9849363 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Associated Proteins (CRISPR-Cas) have promising prospects in the field of nucleic acid molecular diagnostics. However, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-based fluorescence detection technology is mainly hindered by proteins with conjugated double bonds and autofluorescence, resulting in high fluorescence background, low sensitivity and incompatible reaction systems, which are not conducive to automatic clinical testing. Chemiluminescence (CL) detection technology has been applied mainly owing to its greatly high sensitivity, as well as low background and rapid response. Therefore, we developed a rapid, ultrasensitive and economical detection system based on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Associated Proteins 13a combined with magnetic beads (MBs) and chemiluminescence (CL) (Cas13a-MB-CL) to detect Influenza A (H7N9), an acute respiratory tract infectious disease. The carboxyl functionalized magnetic beads (MBs-COOH) were covalently coupled with aminated RNA probe while the other end of the RNA probe was modified with biotin. Alkaline phosphatase labeled streptavidin (SA-ALP) binds with biotin to form magnetic beads composites. In presence of target RNA, the collateral cleavage activity of Cas13a was activated to degrade the RNA probes on MBs and released Alkaline phosphatase from the composites. The composites were then magnetically separated followed by addition of ALP substrate Disodium 2-chloro-5-{4-methoxyspiro [1,2-dioxetane-3,2'-(5'-chloro) tricyclo (3.3.1.13,7) decan]-4-yl}-1-phenyl phosphate (CDP-star), to generate the chemiluminescence signal. The activity of Associated Proteins 13a and presence of target RNA was quantified by measuring the chemiluminescence intensity. The proposed method accomplished the detection of H7N9 within 30 min at 25°C. When combined with Reverse Transcription- Recombinase Aides Amplification (RT-RAA), the low detection limit limit of detection was as low as 19.7 fM (3S/N). Our proposed MB-Associated Proteins 13a-chemiluminescence was further evaluated to test H7N9 clinical samples, showing superior sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpan Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Peng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China,Clinical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Adeel Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education (Southeast University), Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Shen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
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17
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He J, Hou S, Xiong C, Hu L, Gong L, Yu J, Zhou X, Chen Q, Yuan Y, He L, Zhu M, Li W, Shi Y, Sun Y, Pan H, Su B, Lu Y, Wu J. Avian influenza A virus H7N9 in China, a role reversal from reassortment receptor to the donator. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28392. [PMID: 36484390 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reassortment can introduce one or more gene segments of influenza A viruses (IAVs) into another, resulting in novel subtypes. Since 2013, a new outbreak of human highly pathogenic avian influenza has emerged in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and South-Central regions of China. In this study, using Anhui province as an example, we discuss the possible impact of H7N9 IAVs on future influenza epidemics through a series of gene reassortment events. Sixty-one human H7N9 isolates were obtained from five outbreaks in Anhui province from 2013 to 2019. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that all of them were characterized by low pathogenicity and high human or mammalian tropism and had introduced novel avian influenza A virus (AIV) subtypes such as H7N2, H7N6, H9N9, H5N6, H6N6, and H10N6 through gene reassortment. In reassortment events, Anhui isolates may donate one or more segments of HA, NA, and the six internal protein-coding genes for the novel subtype AIVs. Our study revealed that H7N9, H9N2, and H5N1 can serve as stable and persistent gene pools for AIVs in the YRD and South-Central regions of China. Novel AIV subtypes might be generated continuously by reassortment. These AIVs may have obtained human-type receptor-binding abilities from their donors and prefer binding to them, which can cause human epidemics through accidental spillover infections. Facing the continual threat of emerging avian influenza, constant monitoring of AIVs should be conducted closely for agricultural and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sai Hou
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junling Yu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lan He
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yonglin Shi
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Su
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.,Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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18
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López-Cortés A, Guerrero S. Editorial: Rising stars in virus and host: 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1100695. [PMID: 36530446 PMCID: PMC9752126 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andres López-Cortés
- Cancer Research Group (CRG), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Andres López-Cortés,
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain,Laboratorio de Ciencia de Datos Biomédicos, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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19
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Jiang H, Liu F, Chan TC, Yin J, Huang R, Shen L, Tu S, Kang L, Liu W, Zhao N, Zhang D, Xu W, Li W, Liu S, Huang C. Comparison of clinical characteristics between COVID-19 and H7N9 fatal cases: An observational study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1047362. [PMID: 36504959 PMCID: PMC9729836 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 is reminiscent of the H7N9 outbreak in 2013, which poses a huge threat to human health. We aim to compare clinical features and survival factors in fatal cases of COVID-19 and H7N9. Methods Data on confirmed COVID-19 and H7N9 fatal cases identified in mainland China were analyzed to compare demographic characteristics and clinical severity. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using log-rank tests and a restricted mean survival time model. A Cox regression model was used to identify survival factors in fatal cases of COVID-19 and H7N9. Results Similar demographic characteristics were observed in fatal cases of COVID-19 and H7N9. The proportion of fatal cases of H7N9 receiving antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and oxygen treatment was higher than that of COVID-19. The potential protective factors for fatal COVID-19 cases were receiving antibiotics (HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22-0.61), oxygen treatment (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99), and corticosteroids (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.35-0.62). In contrast, antiviral drugs (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.56) and corticosteroids (HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29-0.69) were the protective factors for H7N9 fatal cases. Conclusion The proportion of males, those having one or more underlying medical condition, and older age was high in COVID-19 and H7N9 fatal cases. Offering antibiotics, oxygen treatment, and corticosteroids to COVID-19 cases extended the survival time. Continued global surveillance remains an essential component of pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jinfeng Yin
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruowen Huang
- Beijing Normal University School of Mathematical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shen
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengjin Tu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Shelan Liu
| | - Chaolin Huang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Chaolin Huang
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20
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James J, Bhat S, Walsh SK, Karunarathna TK, Sadeyen JR, Chang P, Sealy JE, Mahmood S, Mollett BC, Slomka MJ, Brookes SM, Iqbal M. The Origin of Internal Genes Contributes to the Replication and Transmission Fitness of H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus. J Virol 2022; 96:e0129022. [PMID: 36342296 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01290-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have donated internal gene segments during the emergence of zoonotic AIVs, including H7N9. We used reverse genetics to generate A/Anhui/1/13 (H7N9) and three reassortant viruses (2:6 H7N9) which contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from Anhui/13 (H7N9) and the six internal gene segments from H9N2 AIVs belonging to (i) G1 subgroup 2, (ii) G1 subgroup 3, or (iii) BJ94 lineages, enzootic in different regions throughout Asia. Infection of chickens with the 2:6 H7N9 containing G1-like H9N2 internal genes conferred attenuation in vivo, with reduced shedding and transmission to contact chickens. However, possession of BJ94-like H9N2 internal genes resulted in more rapid transmission and significantly elevated cloacal shedding compared to the parental Anhui/13 H7N9. In vitro analysis showed that the 2:6 H7N9 with BJ94-like internal genes had significantly increased replication compared to the Anhui/13 H7N9 in chicken cells. In vivo coinfection experiments followed, where chickens were coinfected with pairs of Anhui/13 H7N9 and a 2:6 H7N9 reassortant. During ensuing transmission events, the Anhui/13 H7N9 virus outcompeted 2:6 H7N9 AIVs with internal gene segments of BJ94-like or G1-like H9N2 viruses. Coinfection did lead to the emergence of novel reassortant genotypes that were transmitted to contact chickens. Some of the reassortant viruses had a greater replication in chicken and human cells compared to the progenitors. We demonstrated that the internal gene cassette determines the transmission fitness of H7N9 viruses in chickens, and the reassortment events can generate novel H7N9 genotypes with increased virulence in chickens and enhanced zoonotic potential. IMPORTANCE H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are enzootic in poultry in different geographical regions. The internal genes of these viruses can be exchanged with other zoonotic AIVs, most notably the A/Anhui/1/2013-lineage H7N9, which can give rise to new virus genotypes with increased veterinary, economic and public health threats to both poultry and humans. We investigated the propensity of the internal genes of H9N2 viruses (G1 or BJ94) in the generation of novel reassortant H7N9 AIVs. We observed that the internal genes of H7N9 which were derivative of BJ94-like H9N2 virus have a fitness advantage compared to those from the G1-like H9N2 viruses for efficient transmission among chickens. We also observed the generation of novel reassortant viruses during chicken transmission which infected and replicated efficiently in human cells. Therefore, such emergent reassortant genotypes may pose an elevated zoonotic threat.
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21
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Lai L, Rouphael N, Xu Y, Kabbani S, Beck A, Sherman A, Anderson EJ, Bellamy A, Weiss J, Cross K, Mulligan MJ. An Oil-in-Water adjuvant significantly increased influenza A/ H7N9 split virus Vaccine-Induced circulating follicular helper T (cT FH) cells and antibody responses. Vaccine 2022; 40:7065-7072. [PMID: 36273986 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unadjuvanted A/H7N9 vaccines are poorly immunogenic. The immune response is improved with the addition of MF59, an oil-in-water adjuvant. However, the cellular immunologic responses of MF59-adjuvanted A/H7N9 vaccine are not fully understood. METHODS 37 participants were vaccinated with 2 doses of 2013 influenza A/H7N9 vaccine (at Days 1 and 21) with or without MF59 and enrolled in an immunology substudy. Responses were assessed at multiple timepoints (Days 0, 8, 21, 29, and 42) for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody (Neut) assays, memory B cell responses by enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot; circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH) and CD4 + T cells by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H7N9 vaccine induced significantly higher hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody (Neut) responses when compared to unadjuvanted vaccine. The adjuvanted vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of Inducible T-cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) expression by CXCR3+CXCR5+CD4+ cTFH cells, compared to unadjuvanted vaccine. The magnitude of increase in cTFH cells (from baseline to Day 8) and in IL-21 expressing CD154+CD4+ T cells (from baseline to Days 8 and 21) correlated with HAI (at Day 29) and Neut antibody (at Days 8 and 29) titers. The increase in frequency of IL-21 expressing CD154+CD4+T cells (from baseline to Day 21) correlated with memory B cell frequency (at Day 42). CONCLUSION cTFH activation is associated with HAI and Neut responses in recipients of MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H7N9 vaccine relative to unadjuvanted vaccine. Future studies should focus on optimizing the cTFH response and use cTFH as an early biomarker of serological response to vaccination. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov, trial number NCT01938742.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Lai
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030.
| | - Yongxian Xu
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Sarah Kabbani
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Allison Beck
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Amy Sherman
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate
| | - Abbie Bellamy
- EMMES Corporation, 401, North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Julia Weiss
- EMMES Corporation, 401, North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Cross
- EMMES Corporation, 401, North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 500, Irvin Court, Decatur GA 30030
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22
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Petric PP, King J, Graf L, Pohlmann A, Beer M, Schwemmle M. Increased Polymerase Activity of Zoonotic H7N9 Allows Partial Escape from MxA. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112331. [PMID: 36366429 PMCID: PMC9695009 DOI: 10.3390/v14112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a potent restriction factor that prevents zoonotic infection from influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H7N9. Individuals expressing antivirally inactive MxA variants are highly susceptible to these infections. However, human-adapted IAVs have acquired specific mutations in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that allow escape from MxA-mediated restriction but that have not been observed in MxA-sensitive, human H7N9 isolates. To date, it is unknown whether H7N9 can adapt to escape MxA-mediated restriction. To study this, we infected Rag2-knockout (Rag2-/-) mice with a defect in T and B cell maturation carrying a human MxA transgene (MxAtg/-Rag2-/-). In these mice, the virus could replicate for several weeks facilitating host adaptation. In MxAtg/-Rag2-/-, but not in Rag2-/- mice, the well-described mammalian adaptation E627K in the viral polymerase subunit PB2 was acquired, but no variants with MxA escape mutations in NP were detected. Utilizing reverse genetics, we could show that acquisition of PB2 E627K allowed partial evasion from MxA restriction in MxAtg/tg mice. However, pretreatment with type I interferon decreased viral replication in these mice, suggesting that PB2 E627K is not a true MxA escape mutation. Based on these results, we speculate that it might be difficult for H7N9 to acquire MxA escape mutations in the viral NP. This is consistent with previous findings showing that MxA escape mutations cause severe attenuation of IAVs of avian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp P. Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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23
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Ding L, Chen Y, Su N, Xu X, Yin J, Qiu J, Wang J, Zheng D. Comparison of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19 and influenza A ( H7N9) virus infection. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:593-598. [PMID: 35793755 PMCID: PMC9250702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to compared the clinical features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by COVID-19 and H7N9 virus infections. METHODS Clinical data of 100 patients with COVID-19 and 46 patients with H7N9 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Elevated inflammatory indices and coagulation disorders were more common in COVID-19-ARDS group than in the H7N9-ARDS group. The median interval from illness onset to ARDS development was shorter in H7N9-ARDS. The PaO2/FiO2 level was lower in H7N9-ARDS, whereas the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score was higher in COVID-19-ARDS. The proportion of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and liver injury in COVID-19-ARDS and H7N9-ARDS was 45.5% versus 3.1% and 28.8% versus 50%, respectively (P <0.05). The mean interval from illness onset to death was shorter in H7N9-ARDS. A total of 59.1% patients with H7N9-ARDS died of refractory hypoxemia compared with 28.9% with COVID-19-ARDS (P = 0.014). Patients with COVID-19-ARDS were more likely to die of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction compared with H7N9-ARDS (71.2% vs 36.4%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Patients with H7N9 were more susceptible to develop severe ARDS and showed a more acute disease course. COVID-19-ARDS was associated with severe inflammatory response and coagulation dysfunction, whereas liver injury was more common in H7N9-ARDS. The main causes of death between patients with the two diseases were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yikun Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jingping Yin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China,Corresponding author: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Address: Pinghai Road No. 899, Suzhou 215000, China, Phone: +86-51267972108; fax: +86-51267972108
| | - Dong Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China,Corresponding author: Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Address: Pinghai Road No. 899, Suzhou 215000, China, Phone: +86-51267973327; fax: +86-51267973327
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24
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Dong W, Zhang P, Xu QL, Ren ZD, Wang J. A Study on a Neural Network Risk Simulation Model Construction for Avian Influenza A ( H7N9) Outbreaks in Humans in China during 2013-2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10877. [PMID: 36078588 PMCID: PMC9518328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main purposes of this study were to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of H7N9 human infections during 2013-2017, and to construct a neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China and evaluate their effects. First, ArcGIS 10.6 was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis, and cluster patterns ofH7N9 outbreaks were analyzed in China during 2013-2017 to detect outbreaks' hotspots. During the study period, the incidence of H7N9 outbreaks in China was high in the eastern and southeastern coastal areas of China, with a tendency to spread to the central region. Moran's I values of global spatial autocorrelation of H7N9 outbreaks in China from 2013 to 2017 were 0.080128, 0.073792, 0.138015, 0.139221 and 0.050739, respectively (p < 0.05) indicating a statistically significant positive correlation of the epidemic. Then, SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the correlation between H7N9 outbreaks in China and population, livestock production, the distance between the case and rivers, poultry farming, poultry market, vegetation index, etc. Statistically significant influencing factors screened out by correlation analysis were population of the city, average vegetation of the city, and the distance between the case and rivers (p < 0.05), which were included in the neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China. The simulation accuracy of the neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China from 2013 to 2017 were 85.71%, 91.25%, 91.54%, 90.49% and 92.74%, and the AUC were 0.903, 0.976, 0.967, 0.963 and 0.970, respectively, showing a good simulation effect of H7N9 epidemics in China. The innovation of this study lies in the epidemiological study of H7N9 outbreaks by using a variety of technical means, and the construction of a neural network risk simulation model of H7N9 outbreaks in China. This study could provide valuable references for the prevention and control of H7N9 outbreaks in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dong
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Intelligent Information Engineering, Chongqing Aerospace Polytechnic College, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Quan-Li Xu
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhong-Da Ren
- GIS Technology Engineering Research Centre for West-China Resources and Environment of Educational Ministry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Chongqing City Management College, Chongqing 401331, China
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25
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He D, Gu M, Hao X, Zhan T, Wang X, Wang X, Hu S, Liu X. A dominant internal gene cassette of high pathogenicity avian influenza H7N9 virus raised since 2018. Virus Genes 2022. [PMID: 35974285 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The zoonotic H7N9 avian influenza virus emerged with the H9N2-origin internal gene cassette. Previous studies have reported that genetic reassortments with H9N2 were common in the first five human H7N9 epidemic waves. However, our latest work found that the circulating high pathogenicity H7N9 virus has established a dominant internal gene cassette and has decreased the frequency of reassortment with H9N2 since 2018. This dominant cassette of H7N9 was distinct from the cocirculating H9N2, although they shared a common ancestor. As a result, we suppose that this dominant cassette may benefit the viral population fitness and promote its continuous circulation in chickens.
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Ugbaja SC, Mtambo SE, Mushebenge AG, Appiah-Kubi P, Abubakar BH, Ntuli ML, Kumalo HM. Structural Investigations and Binding Mechanisms of Oseltamivir Drug Resistance Conferred by the E119V Mutation in Influenza H7N9 Virus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144376. [PMID: 35889251 PMCID: PMC9317591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of vaccinations and antiviral medications have gained popularity in the therapeutic management of avian influenza H7N9 virus lately. Antiviral medicines are more popular due to being readily available. The presence of the neuraminidase protein in the avian influenza H7N9 virus and its critical role in the cleavage of sialic acid have made it a target drug in the development of influenza virus drugs. Generally, the neuraminidase proteins have common conserved amino acid residues and any mutation that occurs around or within these conserved residues affects the susceptibility and replicability of the influenza H7N9 virus. Herein, we investigated the interatomic and intermolecular dynamic impacts of the experimentally reported E119V mutation on the oseltamivir resistance of the influenza H7N9 virus. We extensively employed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and subsequent post-MD analyses to investigate the binding mechanisms of oseltamivir-neuraminidase wildtype and E119V mutant complexes. The results revealed that the oseltamivir-wildtype complex was more thermodynamically stable than the oseltamivir-E119V mutant complex. Oseltamivir exhibited a greater binding affinity for wildtype (−15.46 ± 0.23 kcal/mol) relative to the E119V mutant (−11.72 ± 0.21 kcal/mol). The decrease in binding affinity (−3.74 kcal/mol) was consistent with RMSD, RMSF, SASA, PCA, and hydrogen bonding profiles, confirming that the E119V mutation conferred lower conformational stability and weaker protein–ligand interactions. The findings of this oseltamivir-E119V mutation may further assist in the design of compounds to overcome E119V mutation in the treatment of influenza H7N9 virus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Ugbaja
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.U.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Sphamandla E. Mtambo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
| | - Aganze G. Mushebenge
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
| | - Patrick Appiah-Kubi
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
| | - Bahijjahtu H. Abubakar
- Renewable Energy Programme, Federal Ministry of Environment, 444 Aguiyi Ironsi Way, Maitama, Abuja 900271, Nigeria;
| | - Mthobisi L. Ntuli
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.E.M.); (A.G.M.); (P.A.-K.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.U.); (H.M.K.)
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27
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Li M, Yu T. Comment on Yang et al., Development of a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus. J Med Virol. 2021; 93:3939-3943. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4597-4598. [PMID: 35729080 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
| | - Tianfei Yu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resistance Gene Engineering and Protection of Biodiversity in Cold Areas, Qiqihar, China
- College of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
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28
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Moise L, Meyers LM, Jang H, Grizotte-Lake M, Boyle CM, McGonnigal B, Ge P, Ross TM, De Groot AS. Novel H7N9 influenza immunogen design enhances mobilization of seasonal influenza T cell memory in H3N2 pre-immune mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2082191. [PMID: 35704783 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2082191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies that improve influenza vaccine immunogenicity are critical for the development of vaccines for pandemic preparedness. Hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD4+ T cell epitopes support protective B cell responses against seasonal influenza. However, in the case of avian H7N9, which poses a pandemic threat, HA elicits only weak neutralizing antibody responses in infection and vaccination without adjuvant. We hypothesized that an immune-engineered H7N9 HA incorporating a broadly reactive H3N2 HA-specific memory CD4+ T cell epitope that replaces a regulatory T cell-inducing epitope at the corresponding position in H7N9 HA could harness preexisting influenza T cell immunity to increase CD4+ T cells that are needed for protective antibody development. We designed and produced a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine that carries the epitope augmented H7N9 HA (OPT1) and immunized HLA-DR3 transgenic mice with established H3N2 immunity. OPT1-VLPs stimulated higher stem cell, central, and effector memory CD4+ T cell levels over wild type VLP immunization. In addition, activated, IL-21-producing follicular helper T cell frequencies were enhanced. This novel immunogen design strategy illustrates that site-specific modifications aimed to augment T cell epitope content enhance CD4+ T cell responses among critical subpopulations capable of aiding protective immune responses upon antigen re-encounter and that mobilization of immune memory can be used to overcome the poor immunogenicity of avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Moise
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Hyesun Jang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne S De Groot
- EpiVax, Inc., Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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He D, Wang X, Wu H, Wang X, Yan Y, Li Y, Zhan T, Hao X, Hu J, Hu S, Liu X, Ding C, Su S, Gu M, Liu X. Genome-Wide Reassortment Analysis of Influenza A H7N9 Viruses Circulating in China during 2013-2019. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061256. [PMID: 35746727 PMCID: PMC9230085 DOI: 10.3390/v14061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reassortment with the H9N2 virus gave rise to the zoonotic H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), which caused more than five outbreak waves in humans, with high mortality. The frequent exchange of genomic segments between H7N9 and H9N2 has been well-documented. However, the reassortment patterns have not been described and are not yet fully understood. Here, we used phylogenetic analyses to investigate the patterns of intersubtype and intrasubtype/intralineage reassortment across the eight viral segments. The H7N9 virus and its progeny frequently exchanged internal genes with the H9N2 virus but rarely with the other AIV subtypes. Before beginning the intrasubtype/intralineage reassortment analyses, five Yangtze River Delta (YRD A-E) and two Pearl River Delta (PRD A-B) clusters were divided according to the HA gene phylogeny. The seven reset segment genes were also nomenclatured consistently. As revealed by the tanglegram results, high intralineage reassortment rates were determined in waves 2–3 and 5. Additionally, the clusters of PB2 c05 and M c02 were the most dominant in wave 5, which could have contributed to the onset of the largest H7N9 outbreak in 2016–2017. Meanwhile, a portion of the YRD-C cluster (HP H7N9) inherited their PB2, PA, and M segments from the co-circulating YRD-E (LP H7N9) cluster during wave 5. Untanglegram results revealed that the reassortment rate between HA and NA was lower than HA with any of the other six segments. A multidimensional scaling plot revealed a robust genetic linkage between the PB2 and PA genes, indicating that they may share a co-evolutionary history. Furthermore, we observed relatively more robust positive selection pressure on HA, NA, M2, and NS1 proteins. Our findings demonstrate that frequent reassortment, particular reassorted patterns, and adaptive mutations shaped the H7N9 viral genetic diversity and evolution. Increased surveillance is required immediately to better understand the current state of the HP H7N9 AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiyue Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Huiguang Wu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yayao Yan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Tiansong Zhan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuo Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (T.Z.); (X.H.); (J.H.); (S.H.); (X.L.)
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (X.L.)
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30
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Kong D, Chen T, Hu X, Lin S, Gao Y, Ju C, Liao M, Fan H. Supplementation of H7N9 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine With Recombinant Epitope Antigen Confers Full Protection Against Antigenically Divergent H7N9 Virus in Chickens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:785975. [PMID: 35265069 PMCID: PMC8898936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous evolution of the H7N9 avian influenza virus suggests a potential outbreak of an H7N9 pandemic. Therefore, to prevent a potential epidemic of the H7N9 influenza virus, it is necessary to develop an effective crossprotective influenza vaccine. In this study, we developed H7N9 virus-like particles (VLPs) containing HA, NA, and M1 proteins derived from H7N9/16876 virus and a helper antigen HMN based on influenza conserved epitopes using a baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The results showed that the influenza VLP vaccine induced a strong HI antibody response and provided effective protection comparable with the effects of commercial inactivated H7N9 vaccines against homologous H7N9 virus challenge in chickens. Meanwhile, the H7N9 VLP vaccine induced robust crossreactive HI and neutralizing antibody titers against antigenically divergent H7N9 viruses isolated in wave 5 and conferred on chickens complete clinical protection against heterologous H7N9 virus challenge, significantly inhibiting virus shedding in chickens. Importantly, supplemented vaccination with HMN antigen can enhance Th1 immune responses; virus shedding was completely abolished in the vaccinated chickens. Our study also demonstrated that viral receptor-binding avidity should be taken into consideration in evaluating an H7N9 candidate vaccine. These studies suggested that supplementing influenza VLP vaccine with recombinant epitope antigen will be a promising strategy for the development of broad-spectrum influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoran Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaorong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinze Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Li G, Feng J, Quan K, Sun Z, Yin Y, Yin Y, Chen S, Qin T, Peng D, Liu X. Generation of an avian influenza DIVA vaccine with a H3-peptide replacement located at HA2 against both highly and low pathogenic H7N9 virus. Virulence 2022; 13:530-541. [PMID: 35286234 PMCID: PMC8928850 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) vaccine is an ideal strategy for viral eradication in poultry. Here, according to the emerging highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), a DIVA vaccine strain, named rGD4HALo-mH3-TX, was successfully developed, based on a substituted 12 peptide of H3 virus located at HA2. In order to meet with the safety requirement of vaccine production, the multi-basic amino acid located at the HA cleavage site was modified. Meanwhile, six inner viral genes from a H9N2 AIV TX strainwere introduced for increasing viral production. The rGD4HALo-mH3-TX strain displayed a similar reproductive ability with rGD4 and low pathogenicity in chickens, suggesting a good productivity and safety. In immuned chickens, rGD4HALo-mH3-TX induced a similar antibody level with rGD4 and provided 100% clinical protection and 90% shedding protection against highly pathogenic virus challenge. rGD4HALo-mH3-TX strain also produced a good cross-protection against low pathogenic AIV JD/17. Moreover, serological DIVA characteristics were evaluated by a successfully established competitive inhibition ELISA based on a 3G10 monoclonal antibody, and the result showed a strong reactivity with antisera of chickens vaccinated with H7 subtype strains but not rGD4HALo-mH3-TX. Collectedly, rGD4HALo-mH3-TX is a promising DIVA vaccine candidate against both high and low pathogenic H7N9 subtype AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Keji Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuncong Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinyan Yin
- College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Research Centre of Engineering and Technology for Prevention and Control of Poultry Disease, Yangzhou, China
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Bhat S, James J, Sadeyen JR, Mahmood S, Everest HJ, Chang P, Walsh SK, Byrne AMP, Mollett B, Lean F, Sealy JE, Shelton H, Slomka MJ, Brookes SM, Iqbal M. Coinfection of Chickens with H9N2 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Leads to Emergence of Reassortant H9N9 Virus with Increased Fitness for Poultry and a Zoonotic Potential. J Virol 2022; 96:e0185621. [PMID: 35019727 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01856-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An H7N9 low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) emerged in 2013 through genetic reassortment between H9N2 and other LPAIVs circulating in birds in China. This virus causes inapparent clinical disease in chickens, but zoonotic transmission results in severe and fatal disease in humans. To examine a natural reassortment scenario between H7N9 and G1 lineage H9N2 viruses predominant in the Indian subcontinent, we performed an experimental coinfection of chickens with A/Anhui/1/2013/H7N9 (Anhui/13) virus and A/Chicken/Pakistan/UDL-01/2008/H9N2 (UDL/08) virus. Plaque purification and genotyping of the reassortant viruses shed via the oropharynx of contact chickens showed H9N2 and H9N9 as predominant subtypes. The reassortant viruses shed by contact chickens also showed selective enrichment of polymerase genes from H9N2 virus. The viable "6+2" reassortant H9N9 (having nucleoprotein [NP] and neuraminidase [NA] from H7N9 and the remaining genes from H9N2) was successfully shed from the oropharynx of contact chickens, plus it showed an increased replication rate in human A549 cells and a significantly higher receptor binding to α2,6 and α2,3 sialoglycans compared to H9N2. The reassortant H9N9 virus also had a lower fusion pH, replicated in directly infected ferrets at similar levels compared to H7N9 and transmitted via direct contact. Ferrets exposed to H9N9 via aerosol contact were also found to be seropositive, compared to H7N9 aerosol contact ferrets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that cocirculation of H7N9 and G1 lineage H9N2 viruses could represent a threat for the generation of novel reassortant H9N9 viruses with greater virulence in poultry and a zoonotic potential. IMPORTANCE We evaluated the consequences of reassortment between the H7N9 and the contemporary H9N2 viruses of the G1 lineage that are enzootic in poultry across the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East. Coinfection of chickens with these viruses resulted in the emergence of novel reassortant H9N9 viruses with genes derived from both H9N2 and H7N9 viruses. The "6+2" reassortant H9N9 (having NP and NA from H7N9) virus was shed from contact chickens in a significantly higher proportion compared to most of the reassortant viruses, showed significantly increased replication fitness in human A549 cells, receptor binding toward human (α2,6) and avian (α2,3) sialic acid receptor analogues, and the potential to transmit via contact among ferrets. This study demonstrated the ability of viruses that already exist in nature to exchange genetic material, highlighting the potential emergence of viruses from these subtypes with zoonotic potential.
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Mtambo SE, Ugbaja SC, Kumalo HM. Impact of the R292K Mutation on Influenza A ( H7N9) Virus Resistance towards Peramivir: A Molecular Dynamics Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051645. [PMID: 35268746 PMCID: PMC8912059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In March 2013, a novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus emerged in China. By March 2021, it had infected more than 1500 people, raising concerns regarding its epidemic potential. Similar to the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus, the H7N9 virus causes severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in most patients. Moreover, genetic analysis showed that this avian H7N9 virus carries human adaptation markers in the hemagglutinin and polymerase basic 2 (PB2) genes associated with cross-species transmissibility. Clinical studies showed that a single mutation, neuraminidase (NA) R292K (N2 numbering), induces resistance to peramivir in the highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza A viruses. Therefore, to evaluate the risk for human public health and understand the possible source of drug resistance, we assessed the impact of the NA-R292K mutation on avian H7N9 virus resistance towards peramivir using various molecular dynamics approaches. We observed that the single point mutation led to a distorted peramivir orientation in the enzyme active site which, in turn, perturbed the inhibitor's binding. The R292K mutation induced a decrease in the interaction among neighboring amino acid residues when compared to its wild-type counterpart, as shown by the high degree of fluctuations in the radius of gyration. MM/GBSA calculations revealed that the mutation caused a decrease in the drug binding affinity by 17.28 kcal/mol when compared to the that for the wild-type enzyme. The mutation caused a distortion of hydrogen bond-mediated interactions with peramivir and increased the accessibility of water molecules around the K292 mutated residue.
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Mtambo SE, Ugbaja SC, Mushebenge AG, Abubakar BH, Ntuli ML, Kumalo HM. Intermolecular Mechanism and Dynamic Investigation of Avian Influenza H7N9 Virus' Susceptibility to E119V-Substituted Peramivir-Neuraminidase Complex. Molecules 2022; 27:1640. [PMID: 35268741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The H7N9 virus attaches itself to the human cell receptor protein containing the polysaccharide that terminates with sialic acid. The mutation of neuraminidase at residue E119 has been explored experimentally. However, there is no adequate information on the substitution with E119V in peramivir at the intermolecular level. Therefore, a good knowledge of the interatomic interactions is a prerequisite in understanding its transmission mode and subsequent effective inhibitions of the sialic acid receptor cleavage by neuraminidase. Herein, we investigated the mechanism and dynamism on the susceptibility of the E119V mutation on the peramivir–neuraminidase complex relative to the wildtype complex at the intermolecular level. This study aims to investigate the impact of the 119V substitution on the neuraminidase–peramivir complex and unveil the residues responsible for the complex conformations. We employed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and extensive post-MD analyses in the study. These extensive computational investigations were carried out on the wildtype and the E119V mutant complex of the protein for holistic insights in unveiling the effects of this mutation on the binding affinity and the conformational terrain of peramivir–neuraminidase E119V mutation. The calculated total binding energy (ΔGbind) for the peramivir wildtype is −49.09 ± 0.13 kcal/mol, while the E119V mutant is −58.55 ± 0.15 kcal/mol. The increase in binding energy (9.46 kcal/mol) is consistent with other post-MD analyses results, confirming that E119V substitution confers a higher degree of stability on the protein complex. This study promises to proffer contributory insight and additional knowledge that would enhance future drug designs and help in the fight targeted at controlling the avian influenza H7N9 virus. Therefore, we suggest that experimentalists collaborate with computational chemists for all investigations of this topic, as we have done in our previous studies.
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35
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Tang H, Kang J, Shen C, Wang Y, Robertson ID, Cai C, Edwards J, Huang B, Bruce M. Benefit-cost analysis of a H7N9 vaccination program in poultry in Guangxi, China. Prev Vet Med 2022; 200:105580. [PMID: 35032782 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
China launched a H7N9 vaccination program in poultry, starting from the Guangxi and Guangdong provinces in July 2017, followed by other provinces in September 2017, as a response to a steep increase of H7N9 influenza human infections from September 2016. Since then, H5-H7 bivalent vaccine has been used in the nationwide avian influenza compulsory vaccination program to replace the existing H5N1 vaccine. However, the economic returns of the H7N9 vaccination program in China have never been adequately assessed. This study was designed to evaluate the economic value of the H7N9 vaccination program in Guangxi by assessing the benefits and costs of the program compared to not vaccinating against H7N9. A benefit-cost analysis (BCA) was undertaken to evaluate the adoption of a vaccination program against H7N9 in each of three consecutive years from July 2017 to June 2020 with the baseline scenario (the absence of H7N9 vaccination in the 12-month period July 2016 to June 2017). Both animal and public health perspectives were included in the BCA framework and took account of both the private and public sectors. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of the three-year H7N9 vaccination program was 18.6 (90 %PI: 15.4; 21.8), and total Net Present Values reached to CNY 1.63 billion (90 %PI: 1.37 billion; 1.89 billion). The extra revenue generated by the yellow broiler industry comprised 93.8 % of the total benefits after adoption of H7N9 vaccination program in Guangxi. While cost-savings in public health and animal health expenditure avoided were 3.6 % and 2.6 %, respectively. Total costs arising from adoption of the revised vaccination program over the three years were CNY 12.46 million (90 %PI: 11.49 million; 14.14 million), CNY 34.87 million (90 %PI: 31.88 million; 40.06 million), and CNY 44.28 million (90 %PI: 39.66 million; 52.27 million), respectively. Sensitivity analysis found the yellow broiler wholesale prices contributed 97.7 % of the variance of the total NPV of three vaccination years. The study results demonstrate the significant economic advantage of implementing a vaccination program against H7N9 in Guangxi. It also offers a new set of evidence to China's H7N9 vaccination policy and debates around economic values of conducting routine avian influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jingli Kang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaojian Shen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Ian D Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Cai
- China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Edwards
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Baoxu Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
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36
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He D, Gu M, Wang X, Wang X, Li G, Yan Y, Gu J, Zhan T, Wu H, Hao X, Wang G, Hu J, Hu S, Liu X, Su S, Ding C, Liu X. Spatiotemporal Associations and Molecular Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A H7N9 Virus in China from 2017 to 2021. Viruses 2021; 13:2524. [PMID: 34960793 PMCID: PMC8705967 DOI: 10.3390/v13122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic (HP) H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) emerged in China in 2016. HP H7N9 AIV caused at least 33 human infections and has been circulating in poultry farms continuously since wave 5. The genetic divergence, geographic patterns, and hemagglutinin adaptive and parallel molecular evolution of HP H7N9 AIV in China since 2017 are still unclear. Here, 10 new strains of HP H7N9 AIVs from October 2019 to April 2021 were sequenced. We found that HP H7N9 was primarily circulating in Northern China, particularly in the provinces surrounding the Bohai Sea (Liaoning, Hebei, and Shandong) since wave 6. Of note, HP H7N9 AIV phylogenies exhibit a geographical structure compatible with high levels of local transmission after unidirectional rapid geographical expansion towards the north of China in 2017. In addition, we showed that two major subclades were continually expanding with the viral population size undergoing a sharp increase after 2018 with an obvious seasonal tendency. Notably, the hemagglutinin gene showed signs of parallel evolution and positive selection. Our research sheds light on the current epidemiology, evolution, and diversity of HP H7N9 AIV that can help prevent and control the spreading of HP H7N9 AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiyue Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Gairu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yayao Yan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinyuan Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tiansong Zhan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huiguang Wu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuo Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Tang H, Fournié G, Li J, Zou L, Shen C, Wang Y, Cai C, Edwards J, Robertson ID, Huang B, Bruce M. Analysis of the movement of live broilers in Guangxi, China and implications for avian influenza control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e775-e787. [PMID: 34693647 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most Chinese provinces have a daily-updated database of live animal movements; however, the data are not efficiently utilized to support interventions to control H7N9 and other avian influenzas. Based on official records, this study assessed the spatio-temporal patterns of live broilers moved out of and within Guangxi in 2017. The yearly and monthly networks were analyzed for inter- and intra-provincial movements, respectively. Approximately 200,000 movements occurred in 2017, involving the transport of 200 million live broilers from Guangxi. Although Guangxi exported to 24 out of 32 provinces of China, 95% of inter-provincial movements occurred with three bordering provinces. Within Guangxi, counties were highly connected through the live broiler movements, creating conditions for rapid virus spreading throughout the province. Interestingly, a peak in movements during the Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, late January in 2017, was not observed in this study, likely due to H7N9-related control measures constraining live bird trading. Both intra- and inter-provincial movements in March 2017 were significantly higher than in other months of that year, suggesting that dramatic price changes may influence the movement's network and reshape the risk pathways. However, despite these variations, the same small proportion of counties (less than 20%) exporting/importing more than 90% of inter- and intra-provincial movements remains the same throughout the year. Interventions, particularly surveillance and improving biosecurity, targeted to those counties are thus likely to be more effective for avian influenza risk mitigation than implemented indiscriminately. Additionally, simulations further demonstrated that targeting counties according to their degree or betweenness in the movement network would be the most efficient way to limit disease transmission via broiler movements. The study findings provide evidence to support the design of risk-based control interventions for H7N9 and all other avian influenza viruses in broiler value chains in Guangxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jinming Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianbin Zou
- Guangxi Centre of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Chaojian Shen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Cai
- China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Edwards
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian D Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoxu Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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38
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Na EJ, Kim YS, Kim YJ, Park JS, Oem JK. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of H7N7 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from South Korea. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102057. [PMID: 34696486 PMCID: PMC8540337 DOI: 10.3390/v13102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) can mutate into highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). In addition to avian species, H7 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) also infect humans. In this study, two AIVs, H7N9 (20X-20) and H7N7 (34X-2), isolated from the feces of wild birds in South Korea in 2021, were genetically analyzed. The HA cleavage site of the two H7 Korean viruses was confirmed to be ELPKGR/GLF, indicating they are LPAIVs. There were no amino acid substitutions at the receptor-binding site of the HA gene of two H7 Korean viruses compared to that of A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9), which prefer human receptors. In the phylogenetic tree analysis, the HA gene of the two H7 Korean viruses shared the highest nucleotide similarity with the Korean H7 subtype AIVs. In addition, the HA gene of the two H7 Korean viruses showed high nucleotide similarity to that of the A/Jiangsu/1/2018(H7N4) virus, which is a human influenza virus originating from avian influenza virus. Most internal genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, NA, M, and NS) of the two H7 Korean viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage, except for the M gene of 34X-2. This result suggests that active reassortment occurred among AIVs. In pathogenicity studies of mice, the two H7 Korean viruses replicated in the lungs of mice. In addition, the body weight of mice infected with 34X-2 decreased 7 days post-infection (dpi) and inflammation was observed in the peribronchiolar and perivascular regions of the lungs of mice. These results suggest that mammals can be infected with the two H7 Korean AIVs. Our data showed that even low pathogenic H7 AIVs may infect mammals, including humans, as confirmed by the A/Jiangsu/1/2018(H7N4) virus. Therefore, continuous monitoring and pathogenicity assessment of AIVs, even of LPAIVs, are required.
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39
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Song W, Huang X, Guan W, Chen P, Wang P, Zheng M, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang Z, Chen H, Wang X. Multiple basic amino acids in the cleavage site of H7N9 hemagglutinin contribute to high virulence in mice. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4650-4660. [PMID: 34527306 PMCID: PMC8411188 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus has caused more than 1,500 cases of human infection since its emergence in early 2013. Displaying little or no pathogenicity in poultry, but a 40% case-fatality rate in humans, five waves of H7N9 human infections occurred in China during 2013–2017, caused solely by a low pathogenicity strain. However, avian isolates possessing a polybasic connecting peptide in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein were detected in mid-2016, indicating that a highly pathogenic virus had emerged and was co-circulating with the low pathogenicity strains. Methods Here we characterize the pathogenicity of a newly emerged human H7N9 variant with a PEVPKRKRTAR/GLF insertion motif at the cleavage site of the HA protein in vitro and in vivo. Results This variant replicates in MDCK cells independently of TPCK-trypsin, which is indicative of high pathogenicity in chickens. The 50% mouse lethal dose (MLD50) of this novel isolate was less than 10 plaque forming units (PFU), compared with 3.16×104 for an identical virus lacking the polybasic insertion, indicating a high virulence phenotype. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the multiple basic amino acid insertion in the HA protein of the H7N9 variant confers high virulence in mammals, highlighting a potential risk to humans. Continuous viral surveillance is therefore necessary in the China region to improve pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, and the Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Wei X, Wang L, Jia Q, Xiao J, Zhu G. Assessing different interventions against Avian Influenza A ( H7N9) infection by an epidemiological model. One Health 2021; 13:100312. [PMID: 34458547 PMCID: PMC8379632 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims at evaluating the effectiveness of different intervention measures against the infection of avian influenza A (H7N9) by using an epidemiological model. The model formulates the intrinsic interactions of domestic poultry (DP), H7N9 virus and humans by ordinary differential equations and couples the essential roles of various interventions (including culling, vaccinating, screening, disinfecting, and reducing contact rate, etc). Qualitative analysis indicates that when the recruiting poultry is virus-free, there is a transmission threshold denoted by basic reproduction number which can determine the invasion of H7N9; and there is always a stable H7N9 endemic in case of persistent import of virus-carrying poultry, under which only complete vaccination or cutting off poultry-to-poultry/human contacts can stop H7N9 transmission. By performing numerical analysis of the model with biological background parameters, the intervention outcomes against H7N9 infection are further quantified. It is found that (1) reducing poultry-human/poultry interaction and per-contact infection probability, as well as culling DP, are highly effective in diminishing the infections of humans and DP; (2) the disease is prevented when larger than (1 − 0.1λp) proportion of DP is vaccinated, where λp is the DP-to-DP transmission rate; (3) cleaning and disinfecting environment play limited role in reducing the risk of infection; and (4) screening imported poultry is quite important for stopping disease diffusion, but it works little when local epidemic is prevailing. Combing these measures with real situations would be necessary for controlling H7N9 epidemics and reaching one health purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wei
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liying Wang
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Qiaojuan Jia
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Guanghu Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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41
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Zhang T, Wang Q, Wang Y, Bai G, Dai R, Luo L. Early Surveillance and Public Health Emergency Responses Between Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Avian Influenza in China: A Case-Comparison Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:629295. [PMID: 34447733 PMCID: PMC8383042 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.629295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic, the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies of COVID-19 on this topic in China are relatively few. Methods: A case-comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Findings: A report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the case of COVID-19 than in the case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 vs. 31 days). The government response to COVID-19 was 10 days later than that to avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 vs. 41 days). Conclusions: The identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government's slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Bai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiming Dai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Tang H, Shen C, Zou L, Cai C, Wang Y, Robertson ID, Edwards J, Huang B, Bruce M. A mixed methods study of stakeholders' practices and attitudes on avian influenza H7N9 vaccination for the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e224-e235. [PMID: 34379893 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In response to a sudden increase in H7N9 human infections, China introduced an H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine for poultry in Guangxi and Guangdong provinces in July 2017, which subsequently became integrated into the existing compulsory national H5N1 vaccination programme from September 2017. Although the vaccination programme effectively reduced H7N9 infections in humans and poultry, there are ongoing arguments against continuing this long-term vaccination. These discussions have drawn policymakers to think about the possibility of stopping routine vaccination for H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in China; however, they have not considered the poultry industry stakeholders' practices on and attitudes towards this vaccination. This study investigated H7N9 vaccination practices in the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi and stakeholders' attitudes on H7N9 vaccination, using a mixed methods design. The study found H7N9 vaccination was well adopted in the yellow broiler industry in Guangxi regardless of the source of the vaccines. Most stakeholders believed vaccination was the best measure to control H7N9 and H5N1 AIVs, and they showed a strong willingness to continue with vaccination even without government subsidies or freely provided vaccines. The motivations by stakeholders for using vaccines to control H7N9 and H5N1 were different due to the epidemiological differences between the two strains. Understanding poultry industry stakeholders' practices and attitudes on H7N9 vaccination has important practical implications in planning vaccination policies, particularly when considering the possibility of vaccination withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Chaojian Shen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianbin Zou
- Guangxi Centre of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Cai
- China Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youming Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Ian D Robertson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - John Edwards
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Baoxu Huang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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43
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He D, Gu J, Gu M, Wu H, Li J, Zhan T, Chen Y, Xu N, Ge Z, Wang G, Hao X, Wang X, Hu J, Hu Z, Hu S, Liu X, Liu X. Genetic and antigenic diversity of H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in China. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 93:104993. [PMID: 34242774 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N9 that emerged in 2013 in eastern China is a novel zoonotic agent mainly circulating in poultry without clinical signs but causing severe disease with high fatality in humans in more than 5 waves. Since the emergence of highly pathogenic (HP) H7N9 variants in 2016, it has induced heavy losses in the poultry industry leading to the implementation of an intensive nationwide vaccination program at the end of wave 5 (September 2017). To characterize the ongoing evolution of H7N9 AIV, we conducted analyses of H7N9 glycoprotein genes obtained from 2013 to 2019. Bayesian analyses revealed a decreasing population size of HP H7N9 variants post wave 5. Phylogenetic topologies revealed that two novel small subclades were formed and carried several fixed amino acid mutations that were along HA and NA phylogenetic trees since wave 5. Some of the mutations were located at antigenic sites or receptor binding sites. The antigenic analysis may reveal a significant antigenic drift evaluated by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay and the antigenicity of H7N9 AIV might evolute in large leaps in wave 7. Molecular simulations found that the mutations (V135T, S145P, and L226Q) around the HA receptor pocket increased the affinity to α2,3-linked sialic acid (SIA) while decreased to α2,6-linked SIA. Altered affinity may suggest that HP H7N9 variations aggravate the pathogenicity to poultry but lessen the threat to public health. Selection analyses showed that the HP H7N9 AIV experienced an increasing selection pressure since wave 5, and the national implementation of vaccination might intensify the role of natural selection during the evolution waves 6 and 7. In summary, our data provide important insights about the genetic and antigenic diversity of circulating HP H7N9 viruses from 2017 to 2019. Enhanced surveillance is urgently warranted to understand the current situation of HP H7N9 AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchang He
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jinyuan Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiguang Wu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Tiansong Zhan
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Naiqing Xu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhichuang Ge
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zenglei Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Zhu G, Kang M, Wei X, Tang T, Liu T, Xiao J, Song T, Ma W. Different intervention strategies toward live poultry markets against avian influenza A ( H7N9) virus: Model-based assessment. Environ Res 2021; 198:110465. [PMID: 33220247 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different interventions targeting live poultry markets (LPMs) are applied in China for controlling avian influenza A (H7N9), including LPM closure and "1110" policy (i.e., daily cleaning, weekly disinfection, monthly rest day, zero poultry stock overnight). However, the interventions' effectiveness has not been comprehensively assessed. METHODS Based on the available data (including reported cases, domestic poultry volume, and climate) collected in Guangdong Province between October 2013 and June 2017, we developed a new compartmental model that enabled us to infer H7N9 transmission dynamics. The model incorporated the intrinsic interplay among humans and poultry as well as the impacts of absolute humidity and LPM intervention, in which intervention strategies were parameterized and estimated by Markov chain Monte Carlo method. RESULTS There were 258 confirmed human H7N9 cases in Guangdong during the study period. If without interventions, the number would reach 646 (95%CI, 575-718) cases. Temporal, seasonal and permanent closures of LPMs can substantially reduce transmission risk, which might respectively reduce human infections by 67.2% (95%CI, 64.3%-70.1%), 75.6% (95%CI, 73.8%-77.5%), 86.6% (95%CI, 85.7-87.6%) in total four epidemic seasons, and 81.9% (95%CI, 78.7%-85.2%), 91.5% (95%CI, 89.9%-93.1%), 99.0% (95%CI, 98.7%-99.3%) in the last two epidemic seasons. Moreover, implementing the "1110" policy from 2014 to 2017 would reduce the cases by 34.1% (95%CI, 20.1%-48.0%), suggesting its limited role in preventing H7N9 transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our study quantified the effects of different interventions and execution time toward LPMs for controlling H7N9 transmission. The results highlighted the importance of closing LPMs during epidemic period, and supported permanent closure as a long-term plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Min Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xueli Wei
- School of Mathematics and Computing Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tian Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
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Chrzastek K, Segovia K, Torchetti M, Killian ML, Pantin-Jackwood M, Kapczynski DR. Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments. Viruses 2021; 13:1166. [PMID: 34207098 DOI: 10.3390/v13061166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2017, highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H7N9 were detected from poultry farms and backyard birds in several states in the southeast United States. Because interspecies transmission is a known mechanism for evolution of AIVs, we sought to characterize infection and transmission of a domestic duck-origin H7N9 LPAIV in chickens and genetically compare the viruses replicating in the chickens to the original H7N9 clinical field samples used as inoculum. The results of the experimental infection demonstrated virus replication and transmission in chickens, with overt clinical signs of disease and shedding through both oral and cloacal routes. Unexpectedly, higher levels of virus shedding were observed in some cloacal swabs. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis identified numerous non-synonymous mutations at the consensus level in the polymerase genes (i.e., PA, PB1, and PB2) and the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site in viruses recovered from chickens, indicating possible virus adaptation in the new host. For comparison, NGS analysis of clinical samples obtained from duck specimen collected during the outbreak indicated three polymorphic sides in the M1 segment and a minor population of viruses carrying the D139N (21.4%) substitution in the NS1 segment. Interestingly, at consensus level, A/duck/Alabama (H7N9) had isoleucine at position 105 in NP protein, similar to HPAIV (H7N9) but not to LPAIV (H7N9) isolated from the same 2017 influenza outbreak in the US. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the H7N9 viruses could readily jump between avian species, which may have contributed to the evolution of the virus and its spread in the region.
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46
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Yang F, Xiao Y, Liu F, Yao H, Wu N, Wu H. Development of a monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3939-3943. [PMID: 32648948 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To establish a rapid detection method for H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9 were developed to establish an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA). AC-ELISA achieved high specificity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 3.9 ng/mL for H7N9 HA protein (A/Zhejiang/DTID-ZJU01/2013), and 2-2 HA unit/100 μL for live H7N9 AIV. The inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Compared with conventional virus isolation detection, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.96% and 88.24%, respectively. AC-ELISA proved to be a rapid and practical technique for the detection of H7N9 AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fumin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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47
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Wu Y, Hu J, Jin X, Li X, Wang J, Zhang M, Chen J, Xie S, Qi W, Liao M, Jia W. Accelerated Evolution of H7N9 Subtype Influenza Virus under Vaccination Pressure. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1124-1132. [PMID: 33974230 PMCID: PMC8112217 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
No avian H7N9 outbreaks have occurred since the introduction of H7N9 inactivated vaccine in the fall of 2017. However, H7N9 is still prevalent in poultry. To surveil the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and antigenic changes of H7N9, over 7000 oropharyngeal and cloaca swab specimens were collected from live poultry markets and farms in 15 provinces of China from 2017 to 2019. A total of 85 influenza virus subtype H7N9 strains were isolated and 20 representative strains were selected for genetic analysis and antigenicity evaluation. Results indicated the decreased prevalence of low-pathogenic H7N9 strains while highly-pathogenic H7N9 strains became dominated since the introduction of vaccine. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from 2019 formed an independent small branch and were genetically distant to strains isolated in 2013-2018. Analysis of key amino acid sites showed that the virus strains may adapt to the host environment evolutionally through mutation. Our analysis predicted additional potential glycosylation sites for HA and NA genes in the 2019 strains. Sequence analysis of HA gene in strains isolated from 2018 to 2019 showed that there were an increased nucleotide substitution rate and an increased mutation rate in the first and second nucleotides of coding codons within the open reading frame. The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay showed that H7-Re1 and H7-Re2 exhibited a lower HI titer for isolates from 2019, while H7-Re3 and rLN79 showed a high HI titer. The protective effect of the vaccine decreased after 15 months of use. Overall, under vaccination pressure, the evolution of influenza virus subtype H7N9 has accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingkai Hu
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuanjiang Jin
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao Li
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianglin Chen
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shumin Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- National Avian Influenza Para-Reference Laboratory (Guangzhou), College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Tan S, Sjaugi MF, Fong SC, Chong LC, Abd Raman HS, Nik Mohamed NE, August JT, Khan AM. Avian Influenza H7N9 Virus Adaptation to Human Hosts. Viruses 2021; 13:871. [PMID: 34068495 DOI: 10.3390/v13050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus A (H7N9), after circulating in avian hosts for decades, was identified as a human pathogen in 2013. Herein, amino acid substitutions possibly essential for human adaptation were identified by comparing the 4706 aligned overlapping nonamer position sequences (1–9, 2–10, etc.) of the reported 2014 and 2017 avian and human H7N9 datasets. The initial set of virus sequences (as of year 2014) exhibited a total of 109 avian-to-human (A2H) signature amino acid substitutions. Each represented the most prevalent substitution at a given avian virus nonamer position that was selectively adapted as the corresponding index (most prevalent sequence) of the human viruses. The majority of these avian substitutions were long-standing in the evolution of H7N9, and only 17 were first detected in 2013 as possibly essential for the initial human adaptation. Strikingly, continued evolution of the avian H7N9 virus has resulted in avian and human protein sequences that are almost identical. This rapid and continued adaptation of the avian H7N9 virus to the human host, with near identity of the avian and human viruses, is associated with increased human infection and a predicted greater risk of human-to-human transmission.
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49
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Yu WQ, Ji NF, Ding MD, Gu CJ, Ma Y, Wu ZZ, Wang YL, Wu CJ, Dai GH, Chen Y, Jin RR, Tan YB, Yang Z, Zhou DM, Xian JC, Xu HT, Huang M. Characteristics of H7N9 avian influenza pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of 17 cases. Intern Med J 2021; 50:1115-1123. [PMID: 31707755 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H7N9 avian influenza is an infection of public health concern, in part because of its high mortality rate and pandemic potential. AIMS To describe the clinical features of H7N9 avian influenza and the response to treatment. METHODS Clinical, radiological and histopathological data, and treatment-related of H7N9-infected patients hospitalised during 2014-2017 were extracted and analysed. RESULTS A total of 17 H7N9 patients (three females; mean age, 58.4 ± 13.7 years) was identified; of these six died. All patients presented with fever and productive cough; four patients had haemoptysis and 13 had chest distress and/or shortness of breath. Early subnormal white blood cell count and elevation of serum liver enzymes were common. Multilobar patchy shadows, rapid progression to ground-glass opacities, air bronchograms and consolidation were the most common imaging findings. Histopathological examination of lung tissue of three patients who died showed severe alveolar epithelial cell damage, with inflammatory exudation into the alveolar space and hyaline membrane formation; widened alveolar septae, prominent inflammatory cell infiltration; and hyperplasia of pneumocytes. Viral inclusions were found in the lung tissue of two patients. All patients received antiviral drugs (oseltamivir ± peramivir). Four patients carried the rs12252-C/C interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3) genotype, while the others had the C/T genotype. CONCLUSIONS H7N9 virus infection causes human influenza-like symptoms, but may rapidly progress to severe pneumonia and even death. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of H7N9 infection in high-risk patients. The presence of the IFITM3 rs12252-C genotype may predict severe illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Ning-Fei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Dong Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jing Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Hong Dai
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yi-Bin Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Da-Ming Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jian-Chun Xian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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50
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Liu WJ, Xiao H, Dai L, Liu D, Chen J, Qi X, Bi Y, Shi Y, Gao GF, Liu Y. Avian influenza A ( H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic. Front Med 2021; 15:507-527. [PMID: 33860875 PMCID: PMC8190734 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the H7N9 influenza epidemic occurred in China between March 2013 and September 2017. H7N9 with low-pathogenicity dominated in the first four waves, whereas highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza emerged in poultry and spread to humans during the fifth wave, causing wide concern. Specialists and officials from China and other countries responded quickly, controlled the epidemic well thus far, and characterized the virus by using new technologies and surveillance tools that were made possible by their preparedness efforts. Here, we review the characteristics of the H7N9 viruses that were identified while controlling the spread of the disease. It was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of molecular epidemiology, clinical features, virulence and pathogenesis, receptor binding, T-cell responses, monoclonal antibody development, vaccine development, and disease burden. These data provide tools for minimizing the future threat of H7N9 and other emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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