1
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Halwe NJ, Hamberger L, Sehl-Ewert J, Mache C, Schön J, Ulrich L, Calvelage S, Tönnies M, Fuchs J, Bandawane P, Loganathan M, Abbad A, Carreño JM, Bermúdez-González MC, Simon V, Kandeil A, El-Shesheny R, Ali MA, Kayali G, Budt M, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC, Krammer F, Wolff T, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K, Hoffmann D, Beer M. Bat-borne H9N2 influenza virus evades MxA restriction and exhibits efficient replication and transmission in ferrets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3450. [PMID: 38664395 PMCID: PMC11045726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of subtype H9N2 have reached an endemic stage in poultry farms in the Middle East and Asia. As a result, human infections with avian H9N2 viruses have been increasingly reported. In 2017, an H9N2 virus was isolated for the first time from Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that bat H9N2 is descended from a common ancestor dating back centuries ago. However, the H9 and N2 sequences appear to be genetically similar to current avian IAVs, suggesting recent reassortment events. These observations raise the question of the zoonotic potential of the mammal-adapted bat H9N2. Here, we investigate the infection and transmission potential of bat H9N2 in vitro and in vivo, the ability to overcome the antiviral activity of the human MxA protein, and the presence of N2-specific cross-reactive antibodies in human sera. We show that bat H9N2 has high replication and transmission potential in ferrets, efficiently infects human lung explant cultures, and is able to evade antiviral inhibition by MxA in transgenic B6 mice. Together with its low antigenic similarity to the N2 of seasonal human strains, bat H9N2 fulfils key criteria for pre-pandemic IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Joel Halwe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lea Hamberger
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Sehl-Ewert
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sten Calvelage
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Mario Tönnies
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Department of Pneumology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pooja Bandawane
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhumathi Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anass Abbad
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria C Bermúdez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Human Link DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Human Link DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Virus, Institute of Environmental Research and Climate Changes, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Human Link DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthias Budt
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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2
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Ciminski K, Flore V, Jakob C, Mues H, Smedegaard Frederiksen A, Schwemmle M, Bolte H, Giese S. Functionality of IAV packaging signals depends on site-specific charges within the viral nucleoprotein. J Virol 2024; 98:e0197223. [PMID: 38470155 PMCID: PMC11019843 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01972-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The coordinated packaging of the segmented genome of the influenza A virus (IAV) into virions is an essential step of the viral life cycle. This process is controlled by the interaction of packaging signals present in all eight viral RNA (vRNA) segments and the viral nucleoprotein (NP), which binds vRNA via a positively charged binding groove. However, mechanistic models of how the packaging signals and NP work together to coordinate genome packaging are missing. Here, we studied genome packaging in influenza A/SC35M virus mutants that carry mutated packaging signals as well as specific amino acid substitutions at the highly conserved lysine (K) residues 184 and 229 in the RNA-binding groove of NP. Because these lysines are acetylated and thus neutrally charged in infected host cells, we replaced them with glutamine to mimic the acetylated, neutrally charged state or arginine to mimic the non-acetylated, positively charged state. Our analysis shows that the coordinated packaging of eight vRNAs is influenced by (i) the charge state of the replacing amino acid and (ii) its location within the RNA-binding groove. Accordingly, we propose that lysine acetylation induces different charge states within the RNA-binding groove of NP, thereby supporting the activity of specific packaging signals during coordinated genome packaging. IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a segmented viral RNA (vRNA) genome encapsidated by multiple copies of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) and organized into eight distinct viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. Although genome segmentation contributes significantly to viral evolution and adaptation, it requires a highly sophisticated genome-packaging mechanism. How eight distinct genome complexes are incorporated into the virion is poorly understood, but previous research suggests an essential role for both vRNA packaging signals and highly conserved NP amino acids. By demonstrating that the packaging process is controlled by charge-dependent interactions of highly conserved lysine residues in NP and vRNA packaging signals, our study provides new insights into the sophisticated packaging mechanism of IAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Flore
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Celia Jakob
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helen Mues
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Smedegaard Frederiksen
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hardin Bolte
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Gautam A, Boyd DF, Nikhar S, Zhang T, Siokas I, Van de Velde LA, Gaevert J, Meliopoulos V, Thapa B, Rodriguez DA, Cai KQ, Yin C, Schnepf D, Beer J, DeAntoneo C, Williams RM, Shubina M, Livingston B, Zhang D, Andrake MD, Lee S, Boda R, Duddupudi AL, Crawford JC, Vogel P, Loch C, Schwemmle M, Fritz LC, Schultz-Cherry S, Green DR, Cuny GD, Thomas PG, Degterev A, Balachandran S. Necroptosis blockade prevents lung injury in severe influenza. Nature 2024; 628:835-843. [PMID: 38600381 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections can result in hyper-inflammation, lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome1-5 (ARDS), for which there are no effective pharmacological therapies. Necroptosis is an attractive entry point for therapeutic intervention in ARDS and related inflammatory conditions because it drives pathogenic lung inflammation and lethality during severe IAV infection6-8 and can potentially be targeted by receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) inhibitors. Here we show that a newly developed RIPK3 inhibitor, UH15-38, potently and selectively blocked IAV-triggered necroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells in vivo. UH15-38 ameliorated lung inflammation and prevented mortality following infection with laboratory-adapted and pandemic strains of IAV, without compromising antiviral adaptive immune responses or impeding viral clearance. UH15-38 displayed robust therapeutic efficacy even when administered late in the course of infection, suggesting that RIPK3 blockade may provide clinical benefit in patients with IAV-driven ARDS and other hyper-inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishekh Gautam
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Nikhar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioannis Siokas
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Gaevert
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bikash Thapa
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Diego A Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chaoran Yin
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carly DeAntoneo
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riley M Williams
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Shubina
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dingqiang Zhang
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Andrake
- Center for Immunology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raghavender Boda
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anantha L Duddupudi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Kessler S, García-Sastre A, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K. Reverse Genetics of Bat Influenza A Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2733:75-86. [PMID: 38064027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3533-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
New World fruit bats were recently found to harbor two distinct and previously unknown influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the subtypes H17N10 and H18N11. Although viral genome sequences were detected in the liver, intestine, lung, and kidney of infected bats and the complete genome sequences have been isolated from their rectal swab samples, all attempts to isolate an infectious virus from bats in nature have failed. The lack of an infectious bat IAV isolate was overcome by reverse genetic approaches that led to the generation of an infectious virus in vitro. Using such synthetic bat IAVs enabled the identification of their unconventional cell entry via major histocompatibility complex II (MCH-II) molecules and their ability to replicate in mice, ferrets, and bats. Importantly, we also showed that these synthetic recombinant bat IAVs are not able to reassort with conventional IAVs, preventing the acquisition of enhanced transmission properties in non-bat species by reassortment with conventional IAVs. As authentic viruses are key for understanding the molecular biology of bat IAVs, in this chapter, we describe our recently established reverse genetics protocol for generating H17N10 and H18N11 in vitro. This step-by-step protocol starts with cloning of cDNA copies of the viral RNA segments into reverse genetics plasmids, followed by the generation of a highly concentrated stock and finally a method to determine viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kessler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Girard J, Jakob C, Toews LK, Fuchs J, Pohlmann A, Franzke K, Kolesnikova L, Jeney C, Beer M, Bron P, Schwemmle M, Bolte H. Disruption of influenza virus packaging signals results in various misassembled genome complexes. J Virol 2023; 97:e0107623. [PMID: 37811996 PMCID: PMC10617545 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01076-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The influenza A virus genome consists of eight distinct viral RNAs (vRNAs) that are typically packaged into a single virion as an octameric complex. How this genome complex is assembled and incorporated into the virion is poorly understood, but previous research suggests a coordinative role for packaging signals present in all vRNAs. Here, we show that disruption of two packaging signals in a model H7N7 influenza A virus results in a mixture of virions with unusual vRNA content, including empty virions, virions with one to four vRNAs, and virions with octameric complexes composed of vRNA duplicates. Our results suggest that (i) the assembly of error-free octameric complexes proceeds through a series of defined vRNA sub-complexes and (ii) virions can bud without incorporating complete octameric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Girard
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Celia Jakob
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lina Kathrin Toews
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick Bron
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hardin Bolte
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Ciminski K, Chase G, Schwemmle M, Beer M. Advocating a watch-and-prepare approach with avian influenza. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1603-1605. [PMID: 37644326 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Geoffrey Chase
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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7
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Thompson D, Cismaru CV, Rougier JS, Schwemmle M, Zimmer G. The M2 proteins of bat influenza A viruses reveal atypical features compared to conventional M2 proteins. J Virol 2023; 97:e0038823. [PMID: 37540019 PMCID: PMC10506471 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00388-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) M2 protein has proton channel activity, which plays a role in virus uncoating and may help to preserve the metastable conformation of the IAV hemagglutinin (HA). In contrast to the highly conserved M2 proteins of conventional IAV, the primary sequences of bat IAV H17N10 and H18N11 M2 proteins show remarkable divergence, suggesting that these proteins may differ in their biological function. We, therefore, assessed the proton channel activity of bat IAV M2 proteins and investigated its role in virus replication. Here, we show that the M2 proteins of bat IAV did not fully protect acid-sensitive HA of classical IAV from low pH-induced conformational change, indicating low proton channel activity. Interestingly, the N31S substitution not only rendered bat IAV M2 proteins sensitive to inhibition by amantadine but also preserved the metastable conformation of acid-sensitive HA to a greater extent. In contrast, the acid-stable HA of H18N11 did not rely on such support by M2 protein. When mutant M2(N31S) protein was expressed in the context of chimeric H18N11/H5N1(6:2) encoding HA and NA of avian IAV H5N1, amantadine significantly inhibited virus entry, suggesting that ion channel activity supported virus uncoating. Finally, the cytoplasmic domain of the H18N11 M2 protein mediated rapid internalization of the protein from the plasma membrane leading to low-level expression at the cell surface. However, cell surface levels of H18N11 M2 protein were significantly enhanced in cells infected with the chimeric H18N11/H5N1(6:2) virus. The potential role of the N1 sialidase in arresting M2 internalization is discussed. IMPORTANCE Bat IAV M2 proteins not only differ from the homologous proteins of classical IAV by their divergent primary sequence but are also unable to preserve the metastable conformation of acid-sensitive HA, indicating low proton channel activity. This unusual feature may help to avoid M2-mediated cytotoxic effects and inflammation in bats infected with H17N10 or H18N11. Unlike classical M2 proteins, bat IAV M2 proteins with the N31S substitution mediated increased protection of HA from acid-induced conformational change. This remarkable gain of function may help to understand how single point mutations can modulate proton channel activity. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain was found to be responsible for the low cell surface expression level of bat IAV M2 proteins. Given that the M2 cytoplasmic domain of conventional IAV is well known to participate in virus assembly at the plasma membrane, this atypical feature might have consequences for bat IAV budding and egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Thompson
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiana Victoria Cismaru
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Kuhn JH, Abe J, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Kumar Baranwal V, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bergeron É, Biedenkopf N, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blouin AG, Bradfute SB, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Kumar Chaturvedi K, Chooi KM, Crane A, Dal Bó E, Carlos de la Torre J, de Souza WM, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Drexler JF, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Easton AJ, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Feng G, Firth AE, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Laura García M, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin TR, Gong W, Gonzalez JPJ, de Bellocq J, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther I, Günther S, Hammond J, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Hepojoki J, Higgins CM, Hongō S, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hume AJ, Hyndman TH, Ikeda K, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Lǐ J, Li JM, Liu R, Lukashevich IS, MacDiarmid RM, Maes P, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, McCauley JW, Mirazimi A, Mühlberger E, Nabeshima T, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Neriya Y, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Ochoa-Corona FM, Okada T, Palacios G, Pallás V, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Plemper RK, Postler TS, Rabbidge LO, Radoshitzky SR, Ramos-González PL, Rehanek M, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rodrigues TCS, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sadiq S, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Sharpe SR, Shi M, Shimomoto Y, Kavi Sidharthan V, Sironi M, Smither S, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Takada A, Takeyama S, Tatara A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tian X, Tischler ND, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Maria Vaira A, van den Hoogen B, Vanmechelen B, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Waltzek TB, Whitfield AE, Wolf YI, Xia H, Xylogianni E, Yanagisawa H, Yano K, Ye G, Yuan Z, Zerbini FM, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhang YZ, Zhao L, Økland AL. Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota). J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001864. [PMID: 37622664 PMCID: PMC10721048 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Junya Abe
- Ornamental Plants and Vegetables Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Takikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V. Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - María A. Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS,, Mississippi State, USA
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnaud G. Blouin
- Virology-Phytoplasmology Laboratory, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A. Brown
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William M. de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - J. Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Toufic Elbeaino
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R. Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaskin
- Brandenburg State Office of Rural Development, Agriculture and Land Consolidation (LELF), Frankfurt, Germany
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ines Günther
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Kazusa Hayashi
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M. Higgins
- The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seiji Hongō
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Holly R. Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kenichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Gilda B. Jonson
- International Rice Research Institute, College, Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J. Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Ran Liu
- Illumina (China), Beijing, PR China
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robin M. MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio H. Marshall
- Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoCampus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L. Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - José A. Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | | | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Colin R. Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Janusz T. Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel R. Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Postler
- Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lee O. Rabbidge
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Marius Rehanek
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato O. Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thaís C. S. Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Sabrina Sadiq
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen R. Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | | | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sawana Takeyama
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Tatara
- Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management, Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xin Tian
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Nicole D. Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bert Vanmechelen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX,, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Evanthia Xylogianni
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Votanikos, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kazutaka Yano
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Jakob C, Lovate GL, Desirò D, Gießler L, Smyth R, Marquet R, Lamkiewicz K, Marz M, Schwemmle M, Bolte H. Sequential disruption of SPLASH-identified vRNA-vRNA interactions challenges their role in influenza A virus genome packaging. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6479-6494. [PMID: 37224537 PMCID: PMC10325904 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental step in the influenza A virus (IAV) replication cycle is the coordinated packaging of eight distinct genomic RNA segments (i.e. vRNAs) into a viral particle. Although this process is thought to be controlled by specific vRNA-vRNA interactions between the genome segments, few functional interactions have been validated. Recently, a large number of potentially functional vRNA-vRNA interactions have been detected in purified virions using the RNA interactome capture method SPLASH. However, their functional significance in coordinated genome packaging remains largely unclear. Here, we show by systematic mutational analysis that mutant A/SC35M (H7N7) viruses lacking several prominent SPLASH-identified vRNA-vRNA interactions involving the HA segment package the eight genome segments as efficiently as the wild-type virus. We therefore propose that the vRNA-vRNA interactions identified by SPLASH in IAV particles are not necessarily critical for the genome packaging process, leaving the underlying molecular mechanism elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Jakob
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel L Lovate
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Desirò
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1QW, UK
| | - Lara Gießler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Redmond P Smyth
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Faculty of Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Marquet
- Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevin Lamkiewicz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hardin Bolte
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Olajide OM, Osman MK, Robert J, Kessler S, Toews LK, Thamamongood T, Neefjes J, Wrobel AG, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K, Reuther P. Evolutionarily conserved amino acids in MHC-II mediate bat influenza A virus entry into human cells. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002182. [PMID: 37410798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral hemagglutinins of conventional influenza A viruses (IAVs) bind to sialylated glycans on host cell surfaces for attachment and subsequent infection. In contrast, hemagglutinins of bat-derived IAVs target major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) for cell entry. MHC-II proteins from various vertebrate species can facilitate infection with the bat IAV H18N11. Yet, it has been difficult to biochemically determine the H18:MHC-II binding. Here, we followed a different approach and generated MHC-II chimeras from the human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), which supports H18-mediated entry, and the nonclassical MHC-II molecule HLA-DM, which does not. In this context, viral entry was supported only by a chimera containing the HLA-DR α1, α2, and β1 domains. Subsequent modeling of the H18:HLA-DR interaction identified the α2 domain as central for this interaction. Further mutational analyses revealed highly conserved amino acids within loop 4 (N149) and β-sheet 6 (V190) of the α2 domain as critical for virus entry. This suggests that conserved residues in the α1, α2, and β1 domains of MHC-II mediate H18-binding and virus propagation. The conservation of MHC-II amino acids, which are critical for H18N11 binding, may explain the broad species specificity of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okikiola M Olajide
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kaukab Osman
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Robert
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kessler
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lina Kathrin Toews
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thiprampai Thamamongood
- Virology and Cell Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Reuther
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Petric PP, Schwemmle M, Graf L. Anti-influenza A virus restriction factors that shape the human species barrier and virus evolution. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011450. [PMID: 37410755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Peter Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Jaki L, Weigang S, Kern L, Kramme S, Wrobel AG, Grawitz AB, Nawrath P, Martin SR, Dähne T, Beer J, Disch M, Kolb P, Gutbrod L, Reuter S, Warnatz K, Schwemmle M, Gamblin SJ, Neumann-Haefelin E, Schnepf D, Welte T, Kochs G, Huzly D, Panning M, Fuchs J. Total escape of SARS-CoV-2 from dual monoclonal antibody therapy in an immunocompromised patient. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1999. [PMID: 37037847 PMCID: PMC10085998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the spike of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are effective therapeutic options to combat infections in high-risk patients. Here, we report the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the mAb cocktail REGN-COV in a kidney transplant patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. Following mAb treatment, the patient did not clear the infection. During viral persistence, SARS-CoV-2 acquired three novel spike mutations. Neutralization and mouse protection analyses demonstrate a complete viral escape from REGN-COV at the expense of ACE-2 binding. Final clearance of the virus occurred upon reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen and total IgG substitution. Serology suggests that the development of highly neutralizing IgM rather than IgG substitution aids clearance. Our findings emphasise that selection pressure by mAbs on SARS-CoV-2 can lead to development of escape variants in immunocompromised patients. Thus, modification of immunosuppressive therapy, if possible, might be preferable to control and clearance of the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jaki
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Kern
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kramme
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoni G Wrobel
- The Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrea B Grawitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Nawrath
- The Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Martin
- The Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Theo Dähne
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Disch
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Gutbrod
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Reuter
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Gamblin
- The Structural Biology of Disease Processes Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Elke Neumann-Haefelin
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Welte
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Cable J, Sun J, Cheon IS, Vaughan AE, Castro IA, Stein SR, López CB, Gostic KM, Openshaw PJM, Ellebedy AH, Wack A, Hutchinson E, Thomas MM, Langlois RA, Lingwood D, Baker SF, Folkins M, Foxman EF, Ward AB, Schwemmle M, Russell AB, Chiu C, Ganti K, Subbarao K, Sheahan TP, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Eddens T. Respiratory viruses: New frontiers-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:60-73. [PMID: 36722473 PMCID: PMC10580159 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Viruses like influenza, RSV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through a population, causing acute infection and, in vulnerable populations, severe or chronic disease. Developing effective treatment and prevention strategies often becomes a race against ever-evolving viruses that develop resistance, leaving therapy efficacy either short-lived or relevant for specific viral strains. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers." Researchers presented new insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions to understand the mechanisms of disease and identify novel treatment and prevention approaches that are effective, durable, and broad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Italo A Castro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sydney R Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelyn M Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs; and Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven F Baker
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melanie Folkins
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair B Russell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ketaki Ganti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Pediatric Scientist Development Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Wasberg A, Faria IR, Bergholm J, Petric PP, Mostafa A, Pleschka S, Schwemmle M, Lundkvist Å, Ellström P, Naguib MM. Assessing compatibility and viral fitness between poultry-adapted H9N2 and wild bird-derived neuraminidases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4476. [PMID: 36934147 PMCID: PMC10024770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exchange of viral segments between one or more influenza virus subtypes can contribute to a shift in virulence and adaptation to new hosts. Among several influenza subtypes, H9N2 is widely circulating in poultry populations worldwide and has the ability to infect humans. Here, we studied the reassortant compatibility between chicken H9N2 with N1-N9 gene segments of wild bird origin, either with an intact or truncated stalk. Naturally occurring amino acid deletions in the NA stalk of the influenza virus can lead to increased virulence in both mallard ducks and chickens. Our findings show extended genetic compatibility between chicken H9Nx gene segments and the wild-bird NA with and without 20 amino acid stalk deletion. Replication kinetics in avian, mammalian and human cell lines revealed that parental chH9N2 and rH9N6 viruses with intact NA-stalk replicated significantly better in avian DF1 cells compared to human A549 cells. After introducing a stalk deletion, an enhanced preference for replication in mammalian and human cell lines could be observed for rH9N2Δ(H6), rH9N6Δ and rH9N9Δ compared to the parental chH9N2 virus. This highlights the potential emergence of novel viruses with variable phenotypic traits, warranting the continuous monitoring of H9N2 and co-circulating subtypes in avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anishia Wasberg
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inês R Faria
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Bergholm
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud M Naguib
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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15
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Murillo-León M, Bastidas-Quintero AM, Endres NS, Schnepf D, Delgado-Betancourt E, Ohnemus A, Taylor GA, Schwemmle M, Staeheli P, Steinfeldt T. IFN-λ is protective against lethal oral Toxoplasma gondii infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.24.529861. [PMID: 36865100 PMCID: PMC9980175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against a wide variety of pathogens. Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) protects mucosal barriers during pathogen exposure. The intestinal epithelium is the first contact site for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with its hosts and the first defense line that limits parasite infection. Knowledge of very early T. gondii infection events in the gut tissue is limited and a possible contribution of IFN-λ has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate with systemic interferon lambda receptor (IFNLR1) and conditional (Villin-Cre) knockout mouse models and bone marrow chimeras of oral T. gondii infection and mouse intestinal organoids a significant impact of IFN-λ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and neutrophils to T. gondii control in the gastrointestinal tract. Our results expand the repertoire of interferons that contribute to the control of T. gondii and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches against this world-wide zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Murillo-León
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura M. Bastidas-Quintero
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas S. Endres
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address:Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Current address: Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Taylor
- Departments of Medicine; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; and Immunology; and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, NC 27705 Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinfeldt
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Beer J, Crotta S, Breithaupt A, Ohnemus A, Becker J, Sachs B, Kern L, Llorian M, Ebert N, Labroussaa F, Nhu Thao TT, Trueeb BS, Jores J, Thiel V, Beer M, Fuchs J, Kochs G, Wack A, Schwemmle M, Schnepf D. Impaired immune response drives age-dependent severity of COVID-19. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220621. [PMID: 36129445 PMCID: PMC9499827 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Severity of COVID-19 shows an extraordinary correlation with increasing age. We generated a mouse model for severe COVID-19 and show that the age-dependent disease severity is caused by the disruption of a timely and well-coordinated innate and adaptive immune response due to impaired interferon (IFN) immunity. Aggravated disease in aged mice was characterized by a diminished IFN-γ response and excessive virus replication. Accordingly, adult IFN-γ receptor-deficient mice phenocopied the age-related disease severity, and supplementation of IFN-γ reversed the increased disease susceptibility of aged mice. Further, we show that therapeutic treatment with IFN-λ in adults and a combinatorial treatment with IFN-γ and IFN-λ in aged Ifnar1-/- mice was highly efficient in protecting against severe disease. Our findings provide an explanation for the age-dependent disease severity and clarify the nonredundant antiviral functions of type I, II, and III IFNs during SARS-CoV-2 infection in an age-dependent manner. Our data suggest that highly vulnerable individuals could benefit from immunotherapy combining IFN-γ and IFN-λ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sachs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Kern
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tran Thi Nhu Thao
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Salome Trueeb
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bandte M, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bergeron É, Biedenkopf N, Bigarré L, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Briese T, Brown PA, Bruggmann R, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Candresse T, Carson J, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chiaki Y, Crane A, Crane M, Dacheux L, Bó ED, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Souza WM, de Swart RL, Dheilly NM, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Drexler JF, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Easton AJ, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Feng G, Feuvrier C, Firth AE, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Godwin SE, Gonzalez JPJ, de Bellocq JG, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther S, Hammond J, Hepojoki J, Hierweger MM, Hongō S, Horie M, Horikawa H, Hughes HR, Hume AJ, Hyndman TH, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Karlin DG, Klempa B, Klingström J, Koch MC, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krásová J, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Lǐ J, Li JM, Lieffrig F, Lukashevich IS, Luo D, Maes P, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, McCauley JW, Mirazimi A, Mohr PG, Moody NJG, Morita Y, Morrison RN, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Neriya Y, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Ochoa-Corona FM, Palacios G, Pallandre L, Pallás V, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Plemper RK, Postler TS, Pozet F, Radoshitzky SR, Ramos-González PL, Rehanek M, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Rumbou A, Runstadler JA, Rupp M, Sabanadzovic S, Sasaya T, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Schwemmle M, Seuberlich T, Sharpe SR, Shi M, Sironi M, Smither S, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Takada A, Tesh RB, Těšíková J, Thornburg NJ, Tischler ND, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Tsunekawa K, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Vanmechelen B, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Yamasaki J, Yanagisawa H, Ye G, Zhang YZ, Økland AL. 2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2857-2906. [PMID: 36437428 PMCID: PMC9847503 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Martina Bandte
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Bigarré
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Carol D Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jeremy Carson
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Yuya Chiaki
- Division of Fruit Tree and Tea Pest Control Research, Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mark Crane
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurent Dacheux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - William M de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - J Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Toufic Elbeaino
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Andrew E Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott E Godwin
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M Hierweger
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Seiji Hongō
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam J Hume
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- International Rice Research Institute, College, Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fujio Kadono
- Clinical Plant Science Center, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David G Karlin
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel C Koch
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jarmila Krásová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ivan V Kuzmin
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dongsheng Luo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Paris, France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio H Marshall
- Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Peter G Mohr
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nick J G Moody
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard N Morrison
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Francisco M Ochoa-Corona
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurane Pallandre
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou
- Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Colin R Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Marius Rehanek
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Unversidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Unversidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Artemis Rumbou
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Rupp
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen R Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jana Těšíková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nicole D Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Vanmechelen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Junki Yamasaki
- Environmental Agriculture Promotion Division, Department of Agricultural Development, Kochi Prefectural Government, Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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18
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Petric PP, King J, Graf L, Pohlmann A, Beer M, Schwemmle M. Increased Polymerase Activity of Zoonotic H7N9 Allows Partial Escape from MxA. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112331. [PMID: 36366429 PMCID: PMC9695009 DOI: 10.3390/v14112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a potent restriction factor that prevents zoonotic infection from influenza A virus (IAV) subtype H7N9. Individuals expressing antivirally inactive MxA variants are highly susceptible to these infections. However, human-adapted IAVs have acquired specific mutations in the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that allow escape from MxA-mediated restriction but that have not been observed in MxA-sensitive, human H7N9 isolates. To date, it is unknown whether H7N9 can adapt to escape MxA-mediated restriction. To study this, we infected Rag2-knockout (Rag2-/-) mice with a defect in T and B cell maturation carrying a human MxA transgene (MxAtg/-Rag2-/-). In these mice, the virus could replicate for several weeks facilitating host adaptation. In MxAtg/-Rag2-/-, but not in Rag2-/- mice, the well-described mammalian adaptation E627K in the viral polymerase subunit PB2 was acquired, but no variants with MxA escape mutations in NP were detected. Utilizing reverse genetics, we could show that acquisition of PB2 E627K allowed partial evasion from MxA restriction in MxAtg/tg mice. However, pretreatment with type I interferon decreased viral replication in these mice, suggesting that PB2 E627K is not a true MxA escape mutation. Based on these results, we speculate that it might be difficult for H7N9 to acquire MxA escape mutations in the viral NP. This is consistent with previous findings showing that MxA escape mutations cause severe attenuation of IAVs of avian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp P. Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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19
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Ankerhold J, Giese S, Kolb P, Maul-Pavicic A, Voll RE, Göppert N, Ciminski K, Kreutz C, Lother A, Salzer U, Bildl W, Welsink T, Morgenthaler NG, Grawitz AB, Emmerich F, Steinmann D, Huzly D, Schwemmle M, Hengel H, Falcone V. Circulating multimeric immune complexes contribute to immunopathology in COVID-19. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5654. [PMID: 36163132 PMCID: PMC9513013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response with high levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies characterizes patients with severe or critical COVID-19. Although a robust IgG response is considered to be protective, excessive triggering of activating Fc-gamma-receptors (FcγRs) could be detrimental and cause immunopathology. Here, we document excessive FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation in patients developing severe or critical COVID-19 but not in those with mild disease. We identify two independent ligands mediating extreme FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation. Soluble circulating IgG immune complexes (sICs) are detected in about 80% of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 at levels comparable to active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease. FcγRIIIA/CD16A activation is further enhanced by afucosylation of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG. Utilizing cell-based reporter systems we provide evidence that sICs can be formed prior to a specific humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest a cycle of immunopathology driven by an early formation of sICs in predisposed patients. These findings suggest a reason for the seemingly paradoxical findings of high antiviral IgG responses and systemic immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19. The involvement of circulating sICs in the promotion of immunopathology in predisposed patients opens new possibilities for intervention strategies to mitigate critical COVID-19 progression. During viral infections high levels of antibodies can form soluble immune complexes (sICs) with antigen and trigger Fcγ receptors (FcγR) leading to increased immunopathology. Here the authors measure FcγRs activation by sICs and consider how these may lead to excessive immunopathology during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kolb
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Maul-Pavicic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Göppert
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bildl
- Institute of Physiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Welsink
- InVivo BioTech Services GmbH, Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Busse Grawitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Emmerich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Steinmann
- Occupational Medical Service, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Graaf A, Petric PP, Sehl-Ewert J, Henritzi D, Breithaupt A, King J, Pohlmann A, Deutskens F, Beer M, Schwemmle M, Harder T. Cold-passaged isolates and bat-swine influenza a chimeric viruses as modified live-attenuated vaccines against influenza a viruses in pigs. Vaccine 2022; 40:6255-6270. [PMID: 36137904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) infections in pig populations cause considerable morbidity and economic losses. Frequent reverse zoonotic incursions of human IAV boost reassortment opportunities with authentic porcine and avian-like IAV in swine herds potentially enhancing zoonotic and even pre-pandemic potential. Vaccination using adjuvanted inactivated full virus vaccines is frequently used in attempting control of swIAV infections. Accelerated antigenic drift of swIAV in large swine holdings and interference of maternal antibodies with vaccine in piglets can compromise these efforts. Potentially more efficacious modified live-attenuated vaccines (MLVs) bear the risk of reversion of MLV to virulence. Here we evaluated new MLV candidates based on cold-passaged swIAV or on reassortment-incompetent bat-IAV-swIAV chimeric viruses. Serial cold-passaging of various swIAV subtypes did not yield unambiguously temperature-sensitive mutants although safety studies in mice and pigs suggested some degree of attenuation. Chimeric bat-swIAV expressing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of an avian-like H1N1, in contrast, proved to be safe in mice and pigs, and a single nasal inoculation induced protective immunity against homologous challenge in pigs. Reassortant-incompetent chimeric bat-swIAV vaccines could aid in reducing the amount of swIAV circulating in pig populations, thereby increasing animal welfare, limiting economic losses and lowering the risk of zoonotic swIAV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Graaf
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Sehl-Ewert
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dinah Henritzi
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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21
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Jakob C, Paul-Stansilaus R, Schwemmle M, Marquet R, Bolte H. The influenza A virus genome packaging network - complex, flexible and yet unsolved. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:9023-9038. [PMID: 35993811 PMCID: PMC9458418 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of influenza A virus (IAV) consists of eight unique viral RNA segments. This genome organization allows genetic reassortment between co-infecting IAV strains, whereby new IAVs with altered genome segment compositions emerge. While it is known that reassortment events can create pandemic IAVs, it remains impossible to anticipate reassortment outcomes with pandemic prospects. Recent research indicates that reassortment is promoted by a viral genome packaging mechanism that delivers the eight genome segments as a supramolecular complex into the virus particle. This finding holds promise of predicting pandemic IAVs by understanding the intermolecular interactions governing this genome packaging mechanism. Here, we critically review the prevailing mechanistic model postulating that IAV genome packaging is orchestrated by a network of intersegmental RNA-RNA interactions. Although we find supporting evidence, including segment-specific packaging signals and experimentally proposed RNA-RNA interaction networks, this mechanistic model remains debatable due to a current shortage of functionally validated intersegmental RNA-RNA interactions. We speculate that identifying such functional intersegmental RNA-RNA contacts might be hampered by limitations of the utilized probing techniques and the inherent complexity of the genome packaging mechanism. Nevertheless, we anticipate that improved probing strategies combined with a mutagenesis-based validation could facilitate their discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Schwemmle
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 761 203 6526; Fax: +49 761 203 6626;
| | - Roland Marquet
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Roland Marquet. Tel: +33 3 88 41 70 54; Fax: +33 3 88 60 22 18;
| | - Hardin Bolte
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Hennig C, Graaf A, Petric PP, Graf L, Schwemmle M, Beer M, Harder T. Are pigs overestimated as a source of zoonotic influenza viruses? Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:30. [PMID: 35773676 PMCID: PMC9244577 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Swine influenza caused by influenza A viruses (IAV) directly affects respiratory health and indirectly impairs reproduction rates in pigs causing production losses. In Europe, and elsewhere, production systems have intensified featuring fewer holdings but, in turn, increased breeding herd and litter sizes. This seems to foster swine IAV (swIAV) infections with respect to the entrenchment within and spread between holdings. Disease management of swine influenza is difficult and relies on biosecurity and vaccination measures. Recently discovered and widely proliferating forms of self-sustaining modes of swIAV infections in large swine holdings challenge these preventive concepts by generating vaccine-escape mutants in rolling circles of infection. Main body The most recent human IAV pandemic of 2009 rooted at least partly in IAV of porcine origin highlighting the zoonotic potential of swIAV. Pigs constitute a mixing vessel of IAV from different species including avian and human hosts. However, other host species such as turkey and quail but also humans themselves may also act in this way; thus, pigs are not essentially required for the generation of IAV reassortants with a multispecies origin. Since 1918, all human pandemic influenza viruses except the H2N2 virus of 1958 have been transmitted in a reverse zoonotic mode from human into swine populations. Swine populations act as long-term reservoirs of these viruses. Human-derived IAV constitute a major driver of swIAV epidemiology in pigs. Swine-to-human IAV transmissions occurred rarely and mainly sporadically as compared to avian-to-human spill-over events of avian IAV. Yet, new swIAV variants that harbor zoonotic components continue to be detected. This increases the risk that such components might eventually reassort into viruses with pandemic potential. Conclusions Domestic pig populations should not be globally stigmatized as the only or most important reservoir of potentially zoonotic IAV. The likely emergence from swine of the most recent human IAV pandemic in 2009, however, emphasized the principal risks of swine populations in which IAV circulate unimpededly. Implementation of regular and close-meshed IAV surveillance of domestic swine populations to follow the dynamics of swIAV evolution is clearly demanded. Improved algorithms for directly inferring zoonotic potential from whole IAV genome sequences as well as improved vaccines are still being sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Hennig
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Annika Graaf
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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23
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Kolter J, Henneke P, Groß O, Kierdorf K, Prinz M, Graf L, Schwemmle M. Paradoxical immunodeficiencies-When failures of innate immunity cause immunopathology. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1419-1430. [PMID: 35551651 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity facilitates immediate defense against invading pathogens throughout all organs and tissues but also mediates tissue homeostasis and repair, thereby playing a key role in health and development. Recognition of pathogens is mediated by germline-encoded PRRs. Depending on the specific PRRs triggered, ligand binding leads to phagocytosis and pathogen killing and the controlled release of immune-modulatory factors such as IFNs, cytokines, or chemokines. PRR-mediated and other innate immune responses do not only prevent uncontrolled replication of intruding pathogens but also contribute to the tailoring of an effective adaptive immune response. Therefore, hereditary or acquired immunodeficiencies impairing innate responses may paradoxically cause severe immunopathology in patients. This can occur in the context of, but also independently of an increased microbial burden. It can include pathogen-dependent organ damage, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discuss the current state of research of several different such immune paradoxes. Understanding the underlying mechanisms causing immunopathology as a consequence of failures of innate immunity may help to prevent life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolter
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kierdorf
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Graf
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Wagner TR, Schnepf D, Beer J, Ruetalo N, Klingel K, Kaiser PD, Junker D, Sauter M, Traenkle B, Frecot DI, Becker M, Schneiderhan‐Marra N, Ohnemus A, Schwemmle M, Schindler M, Rothbauer U. Biparatopic nanobodies protect mice from lethal challenge with SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e53865. [PMID: 34927793 PMCID: PMC8811630 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and the emergence of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs) requires continued development of effective therapeutics. Recently, we identified high‐affinity neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) specific for the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2. Taking advantage of detailed epitope mapping, we generate two biparatopic Nbs (bipNbs) targeting a conserved epitope outside and two different epitopes inside the RBD:ACE2 interface. Both bipNbs bind all currently circulating VOCs with high affinities and are capable to neutralize cellular infection with VOC B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) in vitro. To assess if the bipNbs NM1267 and NM1268 confer protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in vivo, human ACE2 transgenic mice are treated intranasally before infection with a lethal dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1, B.1.351 (Beta) or B.1.617.2 (Delta). Nb‐treated mice show significantly reduced disease progression and increased survival rates. Histopathological analyses further reveal a drastically reduced viral load and inflammatory response in lungs. These data suggest that both bipNbs are broadly active against a variety of emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs and represent easily applicable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology Medical Center University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology Medical Center University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Natalia Ruetalo
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | - Daniel Junker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | - Martina Sauter
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | - Desiree I Frecot
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
| | | | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology Medical Center University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology Medical Center University Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies” Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Germany
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Agwanda BR, Al Kubrusli R, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bennett AJ, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blystad DR, Bojko J, Borth WB, Bradfute S, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Brown JK, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Cheng Q, Chiaki Y, Chiapello M, Choi IR, Ciuffo M, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, Dal Bó E, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Cicco E, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Ferguson HW, Fooks AR, Forgia M, Formenty PBH, Fránová J, Freitas-Astúa J, Fu J, Fürl S, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Goldberg TL, Groschup MH, Günther S, Hall RA, Hammond J, Han T, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hong J, Hong N, Hongo S, Horie M, Hu JS, Hu T, Hughes HR, Hüttner F, Hyndman TH, Ilyas M, Jalkanen R, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Kaukinen KH, Kawate M, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Koloniuk I, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lefkowitz EJ, Leroy EM, Li S, Li L, Lǐ J, Liu H, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Melzer M, Mielke-Ehret N, Miller KM, Ming TJ, Mirazimi A, Mordecai GJ, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Olmedo-Velarde A, Palacios G, Pallás V, Pályi B, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Park AC, Parrish CR, Patterson DA, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Peracchio C, Pérez DR, Postler TS, Qi L, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Luna GR, Romanowski V, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sang R, Sasaya T, Schulze AD, Schwemmle M, Shi M, Shí X, Shí Z, Shimomoto Y, Shirako Y, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Smagghe G, Smither S, Song JW, Spann K, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Sugano J, Suttle CA, Tabata A, Takada A, Takeuchi S, Tchouassi DP, Teffer A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Torto B, Towner JS, Tsuda S, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Uchida J, Usugi T, Vaira AM, Vallino M, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Wang G, Wang Y, Wang Y, Waqas M, Wèi T, Wen S, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu J, Xu L, Yanagisawa H, Yang C, Yang Z, Zerbini FM, Zhai L, Zhang YZ, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhou X. Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3567-3579. [PMID: 34786611 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Bernard R Agwanda
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rim Al Kubrusli
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Bennett
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol D Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | | | - Steven Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Breyta
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuya Chiaki
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit tree and Tea Science, NARO, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marina Ciuffo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UFYMA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugh W Ferguson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | | | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for sustainable plant protection, CNR, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jana Fránová
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jingjing Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie Fürl
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - María Laura García
- nstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, I, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Gaskin
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Landesamt für ländliche Entwicklung, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hewson
- London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jiang Hong
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - John S Hu
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Florian Hüttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M Ilyas
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fujio Kadono
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karia H Kaukinen
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric M Leroy
- MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Shaorong Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Longhui Li
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Washington, USA
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liège University, Liege, Belgium
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Michael Melzer
- Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Kristina M Miller
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Tobi J Ming
- Molecular Genetics, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, Canada
| | | | - Gideon J Mordecai
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Tomohide Natsuaki
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam C Park
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carlotta Peracchio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Angela D Schulze
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhènglì Shí
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart G Siddell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, DSTL, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Curtis A Suttle
- Departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany, and the Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amy Tabata
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Takeuchi
- Japan Plant Protection Association Kochi Experiment Station, Konan, Kochi, Japan
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amy Teffer
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), , Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Shinya Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Massimo Turina
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System,, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | | | - Tomio Usugi
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiangxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Caixia Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuokun Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lifeng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- National Sand Pear Germplasm Repository in Wuchang, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Agwanda BR, Al Kubrusli R, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bennett AJ, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blystad DR, Bojko J, Borth WB, Bradfute S, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Brown JK, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Cheng Q, Chiaki Y, Chiapello M, Choi IR, Ciuffo M, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, Dal Bó E, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Cicco E, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Ferguson HW, Fooks AR, Forgia M, Formenty PBH, Fránová J, Freitas-Astúa J, Fu J, Fürl S, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Goldberg TL, Groschup MH, Günther S, Hall RA, Hammond J, Han T, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hong J, Hong N, Hongo S, Horie M, Hu JS, Hu T, Hughes HR, Hüttner F, Hyndman TH, Ilyas M, Jalkanen R, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Kaukinen KH, Kawate M, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Koloniuk I, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lefkowitz EJ, Leroy EM, Li S, Li L, Lǐ J, Liu H, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Melzer M, Mielke-Ehret N, Miller KM, Ming TJ, Mirazimi A, Mordecai GJ, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Olmedo-Velarde A, Palacios G, Pallás V, Pályi B, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Park AC, Parrish CR, Patterson DA, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Peracchio C, Pérez DR, Postler TS, Qi L, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Luna GR, Romanowski V, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sang R, Sasaya T, Schulze AD, Schwemmle M, Shi M, Shí X, Shí Z, Shimomoto Y, Shirako Y, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Smagghe G, Smither S, Song JW, Spann K, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Sugano J, Suttle CA, Tabata A, Takada A, Takeuchi S, Tchouassi DP, Teffer A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Torto B, Towner JS, Tsuda S, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Uchida J, Usugi T, Vaira AM, Vallino M, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Wang G, Wang Y, Wang Y, Waqas M, Wèi T, Wen S, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu J, Xu L, Yanagisawa H, Yang C, Yang Z, Zerbini FM, Zhai L, Zhang YZ, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhou X. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3513-3566. [PMID: 34463877 PMCID: PMC8627462 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Bernard R Agwanda
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rim Al Kubrusli
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Bennett
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol D Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | | | - Steven Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Breyta
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuya Chiaki
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit tree and Tea Science, NARO, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marina Ciuffo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UFYMA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugh W Ferguson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | | | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for sustainable plant protection, CNR, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jana Fránová
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jingjing Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie Fürl
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - María Laura García
- nstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, I, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Gaskin
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Landesamt für ländliche Entwicklung, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hewson
- London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jiang Hong
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - John S Hu
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Florian Hüttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M Ilyas
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fujio Kadono
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karia H Kaukinen
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric M Leroy
- MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Shaorong Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Longhui Li
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Washington, USA
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liège University, Liege, Belgium
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Michael Melzer
- Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Kristina M Miller
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Tobi J Ming
- Molecular Genetics, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, Canada
| | | | - Gideon J Mordecai
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Tomohide Natsuaki
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam C Park
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carlotta Peracchio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Angela D Schulze
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhènglì Shí
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart G Siddell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, DSTL, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Curtis A Suttle
- Departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany, and the Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amy Tabata
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Takeuchi
- Japan Plant Protection Association Kochi Experiment Station, Konan, Kochi, Japan
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amy Teffer
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), , Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Shinya Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Massimo Turina
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System,, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | | | - Tomio Usugi
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiangxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Caixia Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuokun Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lifeng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- National Sand Pear Germplasm Repository in Wuchang, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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27
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Schepens B, van Schie L, Nerinckx W, Roose K, Van Breedam W, Fijalkowska D, Devos S, Weyts W, De Cae S, Vanmarcke S, Lonigro C, Eeckhaut H, Van Herpe D, Borloo J, Oliveira AF, Catani JPP, Creytens S, De Vlieger D, Michielsen G, Marchan JCZ, Moschonas GD, Rossey I, Sedeyn K, Van Hecke A, Zhang X, Langendries L, Jacobs S, Ter Horst S, Seldeslachts L, Liesenborghs L, Boudewijns R, Thibaut HJ, Dallmeier K, Velde GV, Weynand B, Beer J, Schnepf D, Ohnemus A, Remory I, Foo CS, Abdelnabi R, Maes P, Kaptein SJF, Rocha-Pereira J, Jochmans D, Delang L, Peelman F, Staeheli P, Schwemmle M, Devoogdt N, Tersago D, Germani M, Heads J, Henry A, Popplewell A, Ellis M, Brady K, Turner A, Dombrecht B, Stortelers C, Neyts J, Callewaert N, Saelens X. An affinity-enhanced, broadly neutralizing heavy chain-only antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabi7826. [PMID: 34609205 PMCID: PMC9924070 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi7826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies are an important treatment for individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Antibody-based therapeutics are also essential for pandemic preparedness against future Sarbecovirus outbreaks. Camelid-derived single domain antibodies (VHHs) exhibit potent antimicrobial activity and are being developed as SARS-CoV-2–neutralizing antibody-like therapeutics. Here, we identified VHHs that neutralize both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, including now circulating variants. We observed that the VHHs bound to a highly conserved epitope in the receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein that is difficult to access for human antibodies. Structure-guided molecular modeling, combined with rapid yeast-based prototyping, resulted in an affinity enhanced VHH-human immunoglobulin G1 Fc fusion molecule with subnanomolar neutralizing activity. This VHH-Fc fusion protein, produced in and purified from cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, controlled SARS-CoV-2 replication in prophylactic and therapeutic settings in mice expressing human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and in hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2. These data led to affinity-enhanced selection of the VHH, XVR011, a stable anti–COVID-19 biologic that is now being evaluated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Schepens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Loes van Schie
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Nerinckx
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenny Roose
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wander Van Breedam
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Fijalkowska
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Devos
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wannes Weyts
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sieglinde De Cae
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Vanmarcke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Lonigro
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Eeckhaut
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Van Herpe
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Borloo
- VIB Discovery Sciences, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 104B, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Filipa Oliveira
- VIB Discovery Sciences, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 104B, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - João Paulo Portela Catani
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Creytens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien De Vlieger
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gitte Michielsen
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jackeline Cecilia Zavala Marchan
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - George D Moschonas
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iebe Rossey
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Sedeyn
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Hecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lana Langendries
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sofie Jacobs
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Ter Horst
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Laura Seldeslachts
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI and MoSAIC, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robbert Boudewijns
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy (TPVC), Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI and MoSAIC, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Division of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Remory
- Department of Medical Imaging, In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline S Foo
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Department of Medical Imaging, In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Dombrecht
- VIB Discovery Sciences, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 104B, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,GVN, Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery Group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 75, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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28
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Wild K, Smits M, Killmer S, Strohmeier S, Neumann-Haefelin C, Bengsch B, Krammer F, Schwemmle M, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Zoldan K, Boettler T. Pre-existing immunity and vaccine history determine hemagglutinin-specific CD4 T cell and IgG response following seasonal influenza vaccination. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6720. [PMID: 34795301 PMCID: PMC8602312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination varies between individuals and might be affected by vaccination history among other factors. Here we show, by monitoring frequencies of CD4 T cells specific to the conserved hemagglutinin epitope HA118-132 and titres of IgG against the corresponding recombinant hemagglutinin protein, that antigen-specific CD4 T cell and antibody responses are closely linked to pre-existing immunity and vaccine history. Upon immunization, a strong early reaction is observed in all vaccine naïve participants and also in vaccine experienced individuals who have not received the respective seasonal vaccine in the previous year. This response is characterized by HA118-132 specific CD4 T cells with a follicular helper T cell phenotype and by ascending titers of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies from baseline to day 28 following vaccination. This trend was observed in only a proportion of those participants who received the seasonal vaccine the year preceding the study. Regardless of history, levels of pre-existing antibodies and CD127 expression on CD4 T cells at baseline were the strongest predictors of robust early response. Thus, both pre-existing immunity and vaccine history contribute to the response to seasonal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wild
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Smits
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Killmer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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29
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Kessler S, Harder TC, Schwemmle M, Ciminski K. Influenza A Viruses and Zoonotic Events-Are We Creating Our Own Reservoirs? Viruses 2021; 13:v13112250. [PMID: 34835056 PMCID: PMC8624301 DOI: 10.3390/v13112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic infections of humans with influenza A viruses (IAVs) from animal reservoirs can result in severe disease in individuals and, in rare cases, lead to pandemic outbreaks; this is exemplified by numerous cases of human infection with avian IAVs (AIVs) and the 2009 swine influenza pandemic. In fact, zoonotic transmissions are strongly facilitated by manmade reservoirs that were created through the intensification and industrialization of livestock farming. This can be witnessed by the repeated introduction of IAVs from natural reservoirs of aquatic wild bird metapopulations into swine and poultry, and the accompanied emergence of partially- or fully-adapted human pathogenic viruses. On the other side, human adapted IAV have been (and still are) introduced into livestock by reverse zoonotic transmission. This link to manmade reservoirs was also observed before the 20th century, when horses seemed to have been an important reservoir for IAVs but lost relevance when the populations declined due to increasing industrialization. Therefore, to reduce zoonotic events, it is important to control the spread of IAV within these animal reservoirs, for example with efficient vaccination strategies, but also to critically surveil the different manmade reservoirs to evaluate the emergence of new IAV strains with pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kessler
- Medical Center, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timm C. Harder
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Diagnostic Virology, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Medical Center, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Medical Center, Institute of Virology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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30
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Weigang S, Fuchs J, Zimmer G, Schnepf D, Kern L, Beer J, Luxenburger H, Ankerhold J, Falcone V, Kemming J, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Neumann-Haefelin C, Ulferts S, Grosse R, Hornuss D, Tanriver Y, Rieg S, Wagner D, Huzly D, Schwemmle M, Panning M, Kochs G. Within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunosuppressed COVID-19 patient as a source of immune escape variants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6405. [PMID: 34737266 PMCID: PMC8568958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern remains unclear. Here, we test whether intra-host virus evolution during persistent infections could be a contributing factor by characterizing the long-term SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics in an immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipient. Applying RT-qPCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of sequential respiratory specimens, we identify several mutations in the viral genome late in infection. We demonstrate that a late viral isolate exhibiting genome mutations similar to those found in variants of concern first identified in UK, South Africa, and Brazil, can escape neutralization by COVID-19 antisera. Moreover, infection of susceptible mice with this patient’s escape variant elicits protective immunity against re-infection with either the parental virus and the escape variant, as well as high neutralization titers against the alpha and beta SARS-CoV-2 variants, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, demonstrating a considerable immune control against such variants of concern. Upon lowering immunosuppressive treatment, the patient generated spike-specific neutralizing antibodies and resolved the infection. Our results suggest that immunocompromised patients could be a source for the emergence of potentially harmful SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, in a longitudinal case study, Weigang et al. demonstrate that evolution of SARS-CoV-2 within a persistently infected immunosuppressed patient can result in the emergence of novel variants with reduced sensitivity to antibody neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Kern
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julius Beer
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Luxenburger
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Kemming
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Hornuss
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept. Med. II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Division of Nephrology, Dept. Med. IV, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept. Med. II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Wagner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dept. Med. II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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31
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Oberhardt V, Luxenburger H, Kemming J, Schulien I, Ciminski K, Giese S, Csernalabics B, Lang-Meli J, Janowska I, Staniek J, Wild K, Basho K, Marinescu MS, Fuchs J, Topfstedt F, Janda A, Sogukpinar O, Hilger H, Stete K, Emmerich F, Bengsch B, Waller CF, Rieg S, Sagar, Boettler T, Zoldan K, Kochs G, Schwemmle M, Rizzi M, Thimme R, Neumann-Haefelin C, Hofmann M. Rapid and stable mobilization of CD8 + T cells by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Nature 2021; 597:268-273. [PMID: 34320609 PMCID: PMC8426185 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines1-3 mediate protection from severe disease as early as ten days after prime vaccination3, when neutralizing antibodies are hardly detectable4-6. Vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells may therefore be the main mediators of protection at this early stage7,8. The details of their induction, comparison to natural infection, and association with other arms of vaccine-induced immunity remain, however, incompletely understood. Here we show on a single-epitope level that a stable and fully functional CD8+ T cell response is vigorously mobilized one week after prime vaccination with bnt162b2, when circulating CD4+ T cells and neutralizing antibodies are still weakly detectable. Boost vaccination induced a robust expansion that generated highly differentiated effector CD8+ T cells; however, neither the functional capacity nor the memory precursor T cell pool was affected. Compared with natural infection, vaccine-induced early memory T cells exhibited similar functional capacities but a different subset distribution. Our results indicate that CD8+ T cells are important effector cells, are expanded in the early protection window after prime vaccination, precede maturation of other effector arms of vaccine-induced immunity and are stably maintained after boost vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Oberhardt
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Luxenburger
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Kemming
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Schulien
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Csernalabics
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Lang-Meli
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMM-PACT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Staniek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wild
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristi Basho
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mircea Stefan Marinescu
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Fuchs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fernando Topfstedt
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ales Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oezlem Sogukpinar
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Hilger
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Stete
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Emmerich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Haematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Berta-Ottenstein Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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32
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Chen Y, Graf L, Chen T, Liao Q, Bai T, Petric PP, Zhu W, Yang L, Dong J, Lu J, Chen Y, Shen J, Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G, Wang D, Schwemmle M, Shu Y. Rare variant MX1 alleles increase human susceptibility to zoonotic H7N9 influenza virus. Science 2021; 373:918-922. [PMID: 34413236 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic avian influenza A virus (IAV) infections are rare. Sustained transmission of these IAVs between humans has not been observed, suggesting a role for host genes. We used whole-genome sequencing to compare avian IAV H7N9 patients with healthy controls and observed a strong association between H7N9 infection and rare, heterozygous single-nucleotide variants in the MX1 gene. MX1 codes for myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), an interferon-induced antiviral guanosine triphosphatase known to control IAV infections in transgenic mice. Most of the MxA variants identified lost the ability to inhibit avian IAVs, including H7N9, in transfected human cell lines. Nearly all of the inactive MxA variants exerted a dominant-negative effect on the antiviral function of wild-type MxA, suggesting an MxA null phenotype in heterozygous carriers. Our study provides genetic evidence for a crucial role of the MX1-based antiviral defense in controlling zoonotic IAV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Laura Graf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Otto Haller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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33
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Börold J, Eletto D, Busnadiego I, Mair NK, Moritz E, Schiefer S, Schmidt N, Petric PP, Wong WWL, Schwemmle M, Hale BG. BRD9 is a druggable component of interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral activity. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52823. [PMID: 34397140 PMCID: PMC8490982 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) creates a formidable protective antiviral state. However, loss of appropriate control mechanisms can result in constitutive pathogenic ISG upregulation. Here, we used genome-scale loss-of-function screening to establish genes critical for IFN-induced transcription, identifying all expected members of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and a previously unappreciated epigenetic reader, bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), the defining subunit of non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) chromatin-remodeling complexes. Genetic knockout or small-molecule-mediated degradation of BRD9 limits IFN-induced expression of a subset of ISGs in multiple cell types and prevents IFN from exerting full antiviral activity against several RNA and DNA viruses, including influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1), and herpes simplex virus (HSV1). Mechanistically, BRD9 acts at the level of transcription, and its IFN-triggered proximal association with the ISG transcriptional activator, STAT2, suggests a functional localization at selected ISG promoters. Furthermore, BRD9 relies on its intact acetyl-binding bromodomain and unique ncBAF scaffolding interaction with GLTSCR1/1L to promote IFN action. Given its druggability, BRD9 is an attractive target for dampening ISG expression under certain autoinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Börold
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Eletto
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Idoia Busnadiego
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina K Mair
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Moritz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samira Schiefer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp P Petric
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Wei-Lynn Wong
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tönshoff B, Müller B, Elling R, Renk H, Meissner P, Hengel H, Garbade SF, Kieser M, Jeltsch K, Grulich-Henn J, Euler J, Stich M, Chobanyan-Jürgens K, Zernickel M, Janda A, Wölfle L, Stamminger T, Iftner T, Ganzenmueller T, Schmitt C, Görne T, Laketa V, Olberg S, Plaszczyca A, Cortese M, Bartenschlager R, Pape C, Remme R, Huzly D, Panning M, Weigang S, Giese S, Ciminski K, Ankerhold J, Kochs G, Schwemmle M, Handgretinger R, Niemeyer CM, Engel C, Kern WV, Hoffmann GF, Franz AR, Henneke P, Debatin KM, Kräusslich HG. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Their Parents in Southwest Germany. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:586-593. [PMID: 33480966 PMCID: PMC7823424 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance School and daycare closures were enforced as measures to confine the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, based on the assumption that young children may play a key role in severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread. Given the grave consequences of contact restrictions for children, a better understanding of their contribution to the COVID-19 pandemic is of great importance. Objective To describe the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children aged 1 to 10 years, compared with a corresponding parent of each child, in a population-based sample. Design, Setting, and Participants This large-scale, multicenter, cross-sectional investigation (the COVID-19 BaWü study) enrolled children aged 1 to 10 years and a corresponding parent between April 22 and May 15, 2020, in southwest Germany. Exposures Potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were infection and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence tests. Discordant results were clarified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or an in-house Luminex-based assay. Results This study included 4964 participants: 2482 children (median age, 6 [range, 1-10] years; 1265 boys [51.0%]) and 2482 parents (median age, 40 [range, 23-66] years; 615 men [24.8%]). Two participants (0.04%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in parents (1.8% [95% CI, 1.2-2.4%]) and 3-fold lower in children (0.6% [95% CI, 0.3-1.0%]). Among 56 families with at least 1 child or parent with seropositivity, the combination of a parent with seropositivity and a corresponding child with seronegativity was 4.3 (95% CI, 1.19-15.52) times higher than the combination of a parent who was seronegative and a corresponding child with seropositivity. We observed virus-neutralizing activity for 66 of 70 IgG-positive serum samples (94.3%). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of lockdown in southwest Germany was particularly low in children aged 1 to 10 years. Accordingly, it is unlikely that children have boosted the pandemic. This SARS-CoV-2 prevalence study, which appears to be the largest focusing on children, is instructive for how ad hoc mass testing provides the basis for rational political decision-making in a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Tönshoff
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Elling
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Meissner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sven F. Garbade
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meinhard Kieser
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Informatics, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jeltsch
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Grulich-Henn
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Euler
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Stich
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristine Chobanyan-Jürgens
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Clinical-Pharmacological Trial Centre (paedKliPS), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Zernickel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Wölfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Iftner
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tessa Görne
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Olberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Plaszczyca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Pape
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Remme
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jakob Ankerhold
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte M. Niemeyer
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Corinna Engel
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies at the University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Winfried V. Kern
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Axel R. Franz
- Centre for Paediatric Clinical Studies at the University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Schnepf D, Crotta S, Thamamongood T, Stanifer M, Polcik L, Ohnemus A, Vier J, Jakob C, Llorian M, Gad HH, Hartmann R, Strobl B, Kirschnek S, Boulant S, Schwemmle M, Wack A, Staeheli P. Selective Janus kinase inhibition preserves interferon-λ-mediated antiviral responses. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabd5318. [PMID: 33990378 PMCID: PMC7610871 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are frequently treated with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors to diminish cytokine signaling. These treatments can lead to inadvertent immune suppression and may increase the risk of viral infection. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a JAK family member required for efficient type I interferon (IFN-α/β) signaling. We report here that selective TYK2 inhibition preferentially blocked potentially detrimental type I IFN signaling, whereas IFN-λ-mediated responses were largely preserved. In contrast, the clinically used JAK1/2 inhibitor baricitinib was equally potent in blocking IFN-α/β- or IFN-λ-driven responses. Mechanistically, we showed that epithelial cells did not require TYK2 for IFN-λ-mediated signaling or antiviral protection. TYK2 deficiency diminished IFN-α-induced protection against lethal influenza virus infection in mice but did not impair IFN-λ-mediated antiviral protection. Our findings suggest that selective TYK2 inhibitors used in place of broadly acting JAK1/2 inhibitors may represent a superior treatment option for type I interferonopathies to counteract inflammatory responses while preserving antiviral protection mediated by IFN-λ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schnepf
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Thiprampai Thamamongood
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Megan Stanifer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Polcik
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Ohnemus
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Vier
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Celia Jakob
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Llorian
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Hans Henrik Gad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Kirschnek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Goettsch W, Beerenwinkel N, Deng L, Dölken L, Dutilh BE, Erhard F, Kaderali L, von Kleist M, Marquet R, Matthijnssens J, McCallin S, McMahon D, Rattei T, Van Rij RP, Robertson DL, Schwemmle M, Stern-Ginossar N, Marz M. ITN-VIROINF: Understanding (Harmful) Virus-Host Interactions by Linking Virology and Bioinformatics. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050766. [PMID: 33925452 PMCID: PMC8145447 DOI: 10.3390/v13050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies highlight the fundamental importance of viruses. Besides their important role as human and animal pathogens, their beneficial, commensal or harmful functions are poorly understood. By developing and applying tailored bioinformatical tools in important virological models, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Initiative International Training Network VIROINF will provide a better understanding of viruses and the interaction with their hosts. This will open the door to validate methods of improving viral growth, morphogenesis and development, as well as to control strategies against unwanted microorganisms. The key feature of VIROINF is its interdisciplinary nature, which brings together virologists and bioinformaticians to achieve common goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Goettsch
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich and Technical University Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (L.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science for Life, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruytgebouw, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (L.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Max von Kleist
- MF1 Bioinformatics, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Roland Marquet
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 9002 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1040, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Shawna McCallin
- Department of Neuro-Urology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Dino McMahon
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstr. 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Division of Computational Systems Biology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ronald P. Van Rij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - David L. Robertson
- MRC, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), 464 Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Noam Stern-Ginossar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Manja Marz
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- FLI Leibniz Institute for Age Research, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9-46480
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37
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Vavassori S, Chou J, Faletti LE, Haunerdinger V, Opitz L, Joset P, Fraser CJ, Prader S, Gao X, Schuch LA, Wagner M, Hoefele J, Maccari ME, Zhu Y, Elakis G, Gabbett MT, Forstner M, Omran H, Kaiser T, Kessler C, Olbrich H, Frosk P, Almutairi A, Platt CD, Elkins M, Weeks S, Rubin T, Planas R, Marchetti T, Koovely D, Klämbt V, Soliman NA, von Hardenberg S, Klemann C, Baumann U, Lenz D, Klein-Franke A, Schwemmle M, Huber M, Sturm E, Hartleif S, Häffner K, Gimpel C, Brotschi B, Laube G, Güngör T, Buckley MF, Kottke R, Staufner C, Hildebrandt F, Reu-Hofer S, Moll S, Weber A, Kaur H, Ehl S, Hiller S, Geha R, Roscioli T, Griese M, Pachlopnik Schmid J. Multisystem inflammation and susceptibility to viral infections in human ZNFX1 deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:381-393. [PMID: 33872655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of viral nucleic acids is one of the primary triggers for a type I interferon-mediated antiviral immune response. Inborn errors of type I interferon immunity can be associated with increased inflammation and/or increased susceptibility to viral infections as a result of dysbalanced interferon production. NFX1-type zinc finger-containing 1 (ZNFX1) is an interferon-stimulated double-stranded RNA sensor that restricts the replication of RNA viruses in mice. The role of ZNFX1 in the human immune response is not known. OBJECTIVE We studied 15 patients from 8 families with an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency characterized by severe infections by both RNA and DNA viruses and virally triggered inflammatory episodes with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like disease, early-onset seizures, and renal and lung disease. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed on 13 patients from 8 families. We investigated the transcriptome, posttranscriptional regulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and predisposition to viral infections in primary cells from patients and controls stimulated with synthetic double-stranded nucleic acids. RESULTS Deleterious homozygous and compound heterozygous ZNFX1 variants were identified in all 13 patients. Stimulation of patient-derived primary cells with synthetic double-stranded nucleic acids was associated with a deregulated pattern of expression of ISGs and alterations in the half-life of the mRNA of ISGs and also associated with poorer clearance of viral infections by monocytes. CONCLUSION ZNFX1 is an important regulator of the response to double-stranded nucleic acids stimuli following viral infections. ZNFX1 deficiency predisposes to severe viral infections and a multisystem inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vavassori
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Laura Eva Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Haunerdinger
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Seraina Prader
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xianfei Gao
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Luise A Schuch
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Elena Maccari
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ying Zhu
- New South Wales Health Pathology Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Elakis
- New South Wales Health Pathology Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael T Gabbett
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maria Forstner
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Clinic for General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaiser
- Clinic for General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Kessler
- Clinic for General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Clinic for General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Frosk
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Abduarahman Almutairi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Craig D Platt
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Megan Elkins
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sabrina Weeks
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tamar Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Raquel Planas
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Marchetti
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danil Koovely
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Neveen A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Christian Klemann
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominic Lenz
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klein-Franke
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Hartleif
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Häffner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Gimpel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Brotschi
- Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Laube
- Division of Nephrology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tayfun Güngör
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael F Buckley
- New South Wales Health Pathology Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Staufner
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Simone Reu-Hofer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Solange Moll
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, and Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hundeep Kaur
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Raif Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Tony Roscioli
- New South Wales Health Pathology Genomics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, Australia; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthias Griese
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Pachlopnik Schmid
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Pediatric Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Anthony SJ, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bartonička T, Basler C, Bavari S, Beer M, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair C, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buzkan N, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chamberlain J, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chen B, Chiumenti M, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, da Graça JV, Dal Bó E, Dávila AMR, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Di Bello PL, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dürrwald R, Dufkova L, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Fernandes J, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Forth LF, Fouchier RAM, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gbakima A, Goldstein T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther S, Guterres A, Hall RA, Hammond J, Hassan M, Hepojoki J, Hepojoki S, Hetzel U, Hewson R, Hoffmann B, Hongo S, Höper D, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hyndman TH, Jambai A, Jardim R, Jiāng D, Jin Q, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Karadağ S, Keller KE, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lamb RA, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lemos ERS, Leroy EM, Li D, Lǐ J, Liang M, Liú W, Liú Y, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, Marciel de Souza W, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Mielke-Ehret N, Minafra A, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Nylund A, Økland AL, Oliveira RC, Palacios G, Pallas V, Pályi B, Papa A, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Radoshitzky SR, Rahman AU, Ramos-González PL, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Robles Luna G, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Runstadler JA, Ruzek D, Sabanadzovic S, Salát J, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sarpkaya K, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Shabbir MZ, Shí X, Shí Z, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Širmarová J, Sironi M, Smither S, Smura T, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Straková P, Takada A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Turina M, Tzanetakis I, Ulrich RG, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang H, Wang J, Wang X, Wang LF, Wèi T, Wells H, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wú Z, Yang X, Yáng X, Yu X, Yutin N, Zerbini FM, Zhang T, Zhang YZ, Zhou G, Zhou X. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2020; 165:3023-3072. [PMID: 32888050 PMCID: PMC7606449 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Daniela Alioto
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simon J Anthony
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Tomáš Bartonička
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Breyta
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nihal Buzkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Campus, 46060, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Chamberlain
- Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Biao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Michela Chiumenti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John V da Graça
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alberto M R Dávila
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L Di Bello
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Valerian V Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Leonie F Forth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aiah Gbakima
- Metabiota, Inc. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satu Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Mobidiag Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zuerich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amara Jambai
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Rodrigo Jardim
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Serpil Karadağ
- Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Agriculture And Forestry, Pistachio Research Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Karen E Keller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan V Kuzmin
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Ames, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elba R S Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eric M Leroy
- MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Dexin Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mifang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wénwén Liú
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yàn Liú
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Giovanni P Martelli
- Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Robert R Martin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Sébastien Massart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Angelantonio Minafra
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Tomohide Natsuaki
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Are Nylund
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnfinn L Økland
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renata C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vicente Pallas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Colin R Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aziz-Ul Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jiří Salát
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamil Sarpkaya
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Karabuk University (UNIKA), Karabük, Turkey
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Z Shabbir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhènglì Shí
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV and CCHFV, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Ioannis Tzanetakis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Heather Wells
- Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhìqiáng Wú
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, IPB, CAMS, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xīnglóu Yáng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Yu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Natalya Yutin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Schulien I, Kemming J, Oberhardt V, Wild K, Seidel LM, Killmer S, Sagar, Daul F, Salvat Lago M, Decker A, Luxenburger H, Binder B, Bettinger D, Sogukpinar O, Rieg S, Panning M, Huzly D, Schwemmle M, Kochs G, Waller CF, Nieters A, Duerschmied D, Emmerich F, Mei HE, Schulz AR, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Boettler T, Bengsch B, Thimme R, Hofmann M, Neumann-Haefelin C. Characterization of pre-existing and induced SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cells. Nat Med 2020; 27:78-85. [PMID: 33184509 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells targeting different viral proteins are detectable in up to 70% of convalescent individuals1-5. However, very little information is currently available about the abundance, phenotype, functional capacity and fate of pre-existing and induced SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses during the natural course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we define a set of optimal and dominant SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes. We also perform a high-resolution ex vivo analysis of pre-existing and induced SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells, applying peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI) tetramer technology. We observe rapid induction, prolonged contraction and emergence of heterogeneous and functionally competent cross-reactive and induced memory CD8+ T cell responses in cross-sectionally analyzed individuals with mild disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection and three individuals longitudinally assessed for their T cells pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8+ T cells exhibited functional characteristics comparable to influenza-specific CD8+ T cells and were detectable in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent individuals who were seronegative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting spike (S) and nucleoprotein (N). These results define cross-reactive and induced SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses as potentially important determinants of immune protection in mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schulien
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janine Kemming
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Oberhardt
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wild
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea M Seidel
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,SGBM - Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Killmer
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Daul
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marilyn Salvat Lago
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annegrit Decker
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Luxenburger
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,IMM-PACT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Binder
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,IMM-PACT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettinger
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oezlem Sogukpinar
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Huzly
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Haematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Biobanking-FREEZE-Biobanking, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Emmerich
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Berta-Ottenstein Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases), Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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40
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Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Heiner M, El Agha E, Salwig I, Hoek A, Hessler MC, Shalashova I, Shrestha A, Carraro G, Mengel JP, Günther A, Morty RE, Vadász I, Schwemmle M, Kummer W, Hain T, Goesmann A, Bellusci S, Seeger W, Braun T, Herold S. Multilineage murine stem cells generate complex organoids to model distal lung development and disease. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103476. [PMID: 32985719 PMCID: PMC7604576 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids derived from mouse and human stem cells have recently emerged as a powerful tool to study organ development and disease. We here established a three‐dimensional (3D) murine bronchioalveolar lung organoid (BALO) model that allows clonal expansion and self‐organization of FACS‐sorted bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) upon co‐culture with lung‐resident mesenchymal cells. BALOs yield a highly branched 3D structure within 21 days of culture, mimicking the cellular composition of the bronchioalveolar compartment as defined by single‐cell RNA sequencing and fluorescence as well as electron microscopic phenotyping. Additionally, BALOs support engraftment and maintenance of the cellular phenotype of injected tissue‐resident macrophages. We also demonstrate that BALOs recapitulate lung developmental defects after knockdown of a critical regulatory gene, and permit modeling of viral infection. We conclude that the BALO model enables reconstruction of the epithelial–mesenchymal‐myeloid unit of the distal lung, thereby opening numerous new avenues to study lung development, infection, and regenerative processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Heiner
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Elie El Agha
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Salwig
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoek
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marie Christin Hessler
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Irina Shalashova
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Amit Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Lung and Regenerative Medicine Institutes, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Philip Mengel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory Edward Morty
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany.,Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kummer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, UGMLC, DZL, Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany.,Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and The Institute of Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
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41
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Ciminski K, Chase GP, Beer M, Schwemmle M. Influenza A Viruses: Understanding Human Host Determinants. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:104-112. [PMID: 33097424 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous influenza A virus (IAV) pandemics have invariably been caused by the introduction of an emergent IAV strain from an animal host into a human population with no or only little pre-existing immunity to the novel strain. Although zoonotic spillover of IAVs into humans can be associated with severe disease and a high fatality rate, these strains are typically poorly adapted to humans and are unable to establish sustained transmission between humans. Given the presumably very high degree of exposure to animal populations with endemic IAV, the number of pandemics remains surprisingly low. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of zoonotic IAV to human hosts, and discuss the implications for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey P Chase
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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42
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Mecate-Zambrano A, Sukumar S, Seebohm G, Ciminski K, Schreiber A, Anhlan D, Greune L, Wixler L, Grothe S, Stein NC, Schmidt MA, Langer K, Schwemmle M, Shi T, Ludwig S, Boergeling Y. Discrete spatio-temporal regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation directs influenza A virus M1 protein towards its function in virion assembly. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008775. [PMID: 32866218 PMCID: PMC7485975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNA viruses only have a very limited coding capacity, thus most viral proteins have evolved to fulfill multiple functions. The highly conserved matrix protein 1 (M1) of influenza A viruses is a prime example for such a multifunctional protein, as it acts as a master regulator of virus replication whose different functions have to be tightly regulated. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still incompletely understood. Increasing evidence points towards an involvement of posttranslational modifications in the spatio-temporal regulation of M1 functions. Here, we analyzed the role of M1 tyrosine phosphorylation in genuine infection by using recombinant viruses expressing M1 phosphomutants. Presence of M1 Y132A led to significantly decreased viral replication compared to wildtype and M1 Y10F. Characterization of phosphorylation dynamics by mass spectrometry revealed the presence of Y132 phosphorylation in M1 incorporated into virions that is most likely mediated by membrane-associated Janus kinases late upon infection. Molecular dynamics simulations unraveled a potential phosphorylation-induced exposure of the positively charged linker domain between helices 4 and 5, supposably acting as interaction platform during viral assembly. Consistently, M1 Y132A showed a defect in lipid raft localization due to reduced interaction with viral HA protein resulting in a diminished structural stability of viral progeny and the formation of filamentous particles. Importantly, reduced M1-RNA binding affinity resulted in an inefficient viral genome incorporation and the production of non-infectious virions that interferes with virus pathogenicity in mice. This study advances our understanding of the importance of dynamic phosphorylation as a so far underestimated level of regulation of multifunctional viral proteins and emphasizes the potential feasibility of targeting posttranslational modifications of M1 as a novel antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Mecate-Zambrano
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Swathi Sukumar
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Schreiber
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Darisuren Anhlan
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lilo Greune
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Wixler
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Grothe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nora Caroline Stein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - M. Alexander Schmidt
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Infectiology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center–University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tianlai Shi
- Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (I3) DTA, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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43
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Tran V, Ledwith MP, Thamamongood T, Higgins CA, Tripathi S, Chang MW, Benner C, García-Sastre A, Schwemmle M, Boon ACM, Diamond MS, Mehle A. Influenza virus repurposes the antiviral protein IFIT2 to promote translation of viral mRNAs. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1490-1503. [PMID: 32839537 PMCID: PMC7677226 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells infected by influenza virus mount a large-scale antiviral response and most cells ultimately initiate cell-death pathways in an attempt to suppress viral replication. We performed a CRISPR-Cas9-knockout selection designed to identify host factors required for replication after viral entry. We identified a large class of presumptive antiviral factors that unexpectedly act as important proviral enhancers during influenza virus infection. One of these, IFIT2, is an interferon-stimulated gene with well-established antiviral activity but limited mechanistic understanding. As opposed to suppressing infection, we show in the present study that IFIT2 is instead repurposed by influenza virus to promote viral gene expression. CLIP-seq demonstrated that IFIT2 binds directly to viral and cellular messenger RNAs in AU-rich regions, with bound cellular transcripts enriched in interferon-stimulated mRNAs. Polysome and ribosome profiling revealed that IFIT2 prevents ribosome pausing on bound mRNAs. Together, the data link IFIT2 binding to enhanced translational efficiency for viral and cellular mRNAs and ultimately viral replication. Our findings establish a model for the normal function of IFIT2 as a protein that increases translation of cellular mRNAs to support antiviral responses and explain how influenza virus uses this same activity to redirect a classically antiviral protein into a proviral effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Tran
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell P Ledwith
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thiprampai Thamamongood
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christina A Higgins
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max W Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, and Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Henritzi D, Petric PP, Lewis NS, Graaf A, Pessia A, Starick E, Breithaupt A, Strebelow G, Luttermann C, Parker LMK, Schröder C, Hammerschmidt B, Herrler G, Beilage EG, Stadlbauer D, Simon V, Krammer F, Wacheck S, Pesch S, Schwemmle M, Beer M, Harder TC. Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:614-627.e6. [PMID: 32721380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generation of new human pandemic viruses. In this study, in-depth passive surveillance comprising nearly 2,500 European swine holdings and more than 18,000 individual samples identified a year-round presence of up to four major swIAV lineages on more than 50% of farms surveilled. Phylogenetic analyses show that intensive reassortment with human pandemic A(H1N1)/2009 (H1pdm) virus produced an expanding and novel repertoire of at least 31 distinct swIAV genotypes and 12 distinct hemagglutinin/neuraminidase combinations with largely unknown consequences for virulence and host tropism. Several viral isolates were resistant to the human antiviral MxA protein, a prerequisite for zoonotic transmission and stable introduction into human populations. A pronounced antigenic variation was noted in swIAV, and several H1pdm lineages antigenically distinct from current seasonal human H1pdm co-circulate in swine. Thus, European swine populations represent reservoirs for emerging IAV strains with zoonotic and, possibly, pre-pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah Henritzi
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Philipp Peter Petric
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Sarah Lewis
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; OIE/FAO International Reference Laboratory for avian influenza, swine influenza and Newcastle Disease, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) - Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Annika Graaf
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elke Starick
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Günter Strebelow
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christine Luttermann
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Larissa Mareike Kristin Parker
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Bärbel Hammerschmidt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Große Beilage
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Büscheler Str. 9, 49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Silke Wacheck
- Ceva Santé Animale (former IDT Biologika GmbH), 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Stefan Pesch
- Ceva Santé Animale (former IDT Biologika GmbH), 06861 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Timm Clemens Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Rubbenstroth D, Niller HH, Angstwurm K, Schwemmle M, Beer M. Are human Borna disease virus 1 infections zoonotic and fatal? - Authors' reply. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:651. [PMID: 32473135 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Hans H Niller
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klemens Angstwurm
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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46
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Schön J, Ran W, Gorka M, Schwemmle M, Beer M, Hoffmann D. A modified live bat influenza A virus-based vaccine prototype provides full protection against HPAIV H5N1. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:40. [PMID: 32435514 PMCID: PMC7229168 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of subtype H5 are a major threat for poultry holdings worldwide, here especially the zoonotic Asian H5N1 viruses. These HPAIVs have caused more than 500 fatal spillover infections from poultry to humans, with a looming danger of a new pandemic by establishing human-to-human transmissions. Besides culling measures in infected farms in endemic areas, vaccination is the major tool against HPAIV. However, the mainly used inactivated preparations have several limitations, like application to the individual animal by injection and a reduced efficiency. Here we present a modified live influenza vaccine prototype, which is based on the H17N10 bat influenza virus. The new chimeric vaccine strain R65mono/H17N10 was able to provide full protection against a lethal challenge infection with HPAIV H5N1 of juvenile and subadult chickens, as well as ferrets after oronasal immunization. In addition, the H5 vaccine prototype cannot reassort with avian influenza viruses and therefore is a promising tool against HPAIV H5 infection, allowing new vaccination strategies for efficient disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Wei Ran
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Gorka
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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47
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Niller HH, Angstwurm K, Rubbenstroth D, Schlottau K, Ebinger A, Giese S, Wunderlich S, Banas B, Forth LF, Hoffmann D, Höper D, Schwemmle M, Tappe D, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Nobach D, Herden C, Brochhausen C, Velez-Char N, Mamilos A, Utpatel K, Evert M, Zoubaa S, Riemenschneider MJ, Ruf V, Herms J, Rieder G, Errath M, Matiasek K, Schlegel J, Liesche-Starnecker F, Neumann B, Fuchs K, Linker RA, Salzberger B, Freilinger T, Gartner L, Wenzel JJ, Reischl U, Jilg W, Gessner A, Jantsch J, Beer M, Schmidt B. Zoonotic spillover infections with Borna disease virus 1 leading to fatal human encephalitis, 1999-2019: an epidemiological investigation. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:467-477. [PMID: 31924550 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018-19, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1), the causative agent of Borna disease in horses, sheep, and other domestic mammals, was reported in five human patients with severe to fatal encephalitis in Germany. However, information on case frequencies, clinical courses, and detailed epidemiological analyses are still lacking. We report the occurrence of BoDV-1-associated encephalitis in cases submitted to the Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany, and provide a detailed description of newly identified cases of BoDV-1-induced encephalitis. METHODS All brain tissues from 56 encephalitis cases from Bavaria, Germany, of putative viral origin (1999-2019), which had been submitted for virological testing upon request of the attending clinician and stored for stepwise diagnostic procedure, were systematically screened for BoDV-1 RNA. Two additional BoDV-1-positive cases were contributed by other diagnostic centres. Positive results were confirmed by deep sequencing, antigen detection, and determination of BoDV-1-reactive antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical and epidemiological data from infected patients were collected and analysed. FINDINGS BoDV-1 RNA and bornavirus-reactive antibodies were detected in eight newly analysed encephalitis cases and the first human BoDV-1 isolate was obtained from an unequivocally confirmed human BoDV-1 infection from the endemic area. Six of the eight BoDV-1-positive patients had no record of immunosuppression before the onset of fatal disease, whereas two were immunocompromised after solid organ transplantation. Typical initial symptoms were headache, fever, and confusion, followed by various neurological signs, deep coma, and severe brainstem involvement. Seven of nine patients with fatal encephalitis of unclear cause were BoDV-1 positive within one diagnostic centre. BoDV-1 sequence information and epidemiological analyses indicated independent spillover transmissions most likely from the local wild animal reservoir. INTERPRETATION BoDV-1 infection has to be considered as a potentially lethal zoonosis in endemic regions with reported spillover infections in horses and sheep. BoDV-1 infection can result in fatal encephalitis in immunocompromised and apparently healthy people. Consequently, all severe encephalitis cases of unclear cause should be tested for bornaviruses especially in endemic regions. FUNDING German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klemens Angstwurm
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kore Schlottau
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Arnt Ebinger
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sebastian Giese
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leonie F Forth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Nobach
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Andreas Mamilos
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Saida Zoubaa
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Viktoria Ruf
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Rieder
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Mario Errath
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Neumann
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kornelius Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Infectious Diseases, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Freilinger
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Passau, Passau, Germany; Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Gartner
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Passau, Passau, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Udo Reischl
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jilg
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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48
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Tappe D, Frank C, Offergeld R, Wagner-Wiening C, Stark K, Rubbenstroth D, Giese S, Lattwein E, Schwemmle M, Beer M, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Wilking H. Low prevalence of Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) IgG antibodies in humans from areas endemic for animal Borna disease of Southern Germany. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20154. [PMID: 31882942 PMCID: PMC6934520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease virus-1 (BoDV-1) was recently discovered as cause of severe and often fatal encephalitis in humans. BoDV-1 is known to cause neurological disease in horses and sheep mainly in South and Central Germany. The virus is maintained in bicolored white-toothed shrews (Crocidura leucodon). The incidence of infection and risk factors in humans are completely unresolved. Veterinarians may be disproportionally BoDV-1-exposed through contact to animals not recognized to be BoDV-1 infected. We conducted three serosurveys predominantly in endemic areas of South Germany for the presence of BoDV-1-reactive antibodies. Anonymized residual samples from two serosurveys of veterinarians (n = 736) with interview data on exposures and one serosurvey among blood donors (n = 373) were screened with an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, followed by a newly developed immunoblot as confirmatory assay. One serum from a 55-59-year-old veterinarian who worked in an animal practice and as a meat inspector but none from blood donors tested positive by the screening and confirmatory assays. We show that seropositive individuals are rare even in areas with highest zoonotic risk and in a group with potentially elevated exposure risk. In light of the low seroprevalence demonstrated here, the high case-fatality rate in clinically observed human BoDV-1 infections is even more impressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Giese
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald/Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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49
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Lee S, Ishitsuka A, Noguchi M, Hirohama M, Fujiyasu Y, Petric PP, Schwemmle M, Staeheli P, Nagata K, Kawaguchi A. Influenza restriction factor MxA functions as inflammasome sensor in the respiratory epithelium. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:4/40/eaau4643. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is exposed to the environment and initiates inflammatory responses to exclude pathogens. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection triggers inflammatory responses in the respiratory mucosa, but the mechanisms of inflammasome activation are poorly understood. We identified MxA as a functional inflammasome sensor in respiratory epithelial cells that recognizes IAV nucleoprotein and triggers the formation of ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) specks via interaction of its GTPase domain with the PYD domain of ASC. ASC specks were present in bronchiolar epithelial cells of IAV-infected MxA-transgenic mice, which correlated with early IL-1β production and early recruitment of granulocytes in the lungs of infected mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MxA contributes to IAV resistance by triggering a rapid inflammatory response in infected respiratory epithelial cells.
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Ciminski K, Ran W, Gorka M, Lee J, Malmlov A, Schinköthe J, Eckley M, Murrieta RA, Aboellail TA, Campbell CL, Ebel GD, Ma J, Pohlmann A, Franzke K, Ulrich R, Hoffmann D, García-Sastre A, Ma W, Schountz T, Beer M, Schwemmle M. Bat influenza viruses transmit among bats but are poorly adapted to non-bat species. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2298-2309. [PMID: 31527796 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules of multiple species function as cell-entry receptors for the haemagglutinin-like H18 protein of the bat H18N11 influenza A virus, enabling tropism of the viruses in a potentially broad range of vertebrates. However, the function of the neuraminidase-like N11 protein is unknown because it is dispensable for viral infection or the release of H18-pseudotyped viruses. Here, we show that infection of mammalian cells with wild-type H18N11 leads to the emergence of mutant viruses that lack the N11 ectodomain and acquired mutations in H18. An infectious clone of one such mutant virus, designated rP11, appeared to be genetically stable in mice and replicated to higher titres in mice and cell culture compared with wild-type H18N11. In ferrets, rP11 antigen and RNA were detected at low levels in various tissues, including the tonsils, whereas the wild-type virus was not. In Neotropical Jamaican fruit bats, wild-type H18N11 was found in intestinal Peyer's patches and was shed to high concentrations in rectal samples, resulting in viral transmission to naive contact bats. Notably, rP11 also replicated efficiently in bats; however, only restored full-length N11 viruses were transmissible. Our findings suggest that wild-type H18N11 replicates poorly in mice and ferrets and that N11 is a determinant for viral transmission in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ciminski
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei Ran
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Gorka
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ashley Malmlov
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jan Schinköthe
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Miles Eckley
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Reyes A Murrieta
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tawfik A Aboellail
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Corey L Campbell
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Tony Schountz
- Arthropod Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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