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Uprety T, Yu J, Nogales A, Naveed A, Yu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Bowman AS, Martinez-Sobrido L, Parrish CR, Melikyan GB, Wang D, Li F. Influenza D virus utilizes both 9- O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic and 9- O-acetylated N-glycolylneuraminic acids as functional entry receptors. J Virol 2024; 98:e0004224. [PMID: 38376198 PMCID: PMC10949506 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00042-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) utilizes bovines as a primary reservoir with periodical spillover to other hosts. We have previously demonstrated that IDV binds both 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) and 9-O-acetylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc9Ac). Bovines produce both Neu5,9Ac2 and Neu5Gc9Ac, while humans are genetically unable to synthesize Neu5Gc9Ac. 9-O-Acetylation of sialic acids is catalyzed by CASD1 via a covalent acetyl-enzyme intermediate. To characterize the role of Neu5,9Ac2 and Neu5Gc9Ac in IDV infection and determine which form of 9-O-acetylated sialic acids drives IDV entry, we took advantage of a CASD1 knockout (KO) MDCK cell line and carried out feeding experiments using synthetic 9-O-acetyl sialic acids in combination with the single-round and multi-round IDV infection assays. The data from our studies show that (i) CASD1 KO cells are resistant to IDV infection and lack of IDV binding to the cell surface is responsible for the failure of IDV replication; (ii) feeding CASD1 KO cells with Neu5,9Ac2 or Neu5Gc9Ac resulted in a dose-dependent rescue of IDV infectivity; and (iii) diverse IDVs replicated robustly in CASD1 KO cells fed with either Neu5,9Ac2 or Neu5Gc9Ac at a level similar to that in wild-type cells with a functional CASD1. These data demonstrate that IDV can utilize Neu5,9Ac2- or non-human Neu5Gc9Ac-containing glycan receptor for infection. Our findings provide evidence that IDV has acquired the ability to infect and transmit among agricultural animals that are enriched in Neu5Gc9Ac, in addition to posing a zoonotic risk to humans expressing only Neu5,9Ac2.IMPORTANCEInfluenza D virus (IDV) has emerged as a multiple-species-infecting pathogen with bovines as a primary reservoir. Little is known about the functional receptor that drives IDV entry and promotes its cross-species spillover potential among different hosts. Here, we demonstrated that IDV binds exclusively to 9-O-acetylated N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2) and non-human 9-O-acetylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc9Ac) and utilizes both for entry and infection. This ability in effective engagement of both 9-O-acetylated sialic acids as functional receptors for infection provides an evolutionary advantage to IDV for expanding its host range. This finding also indicates that IDV has the potential to emerge in humans because Neu5,9Ac2 is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, including lung. Thus, results of our study highlight a need for continued surveillance of IDV in humans, as well as for further investigation of its biology and cross-species transmission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirth Uprety
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jieshi Yu
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA-CSIC. Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahsan Naveed
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Andrew S. Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Colin R. Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Dan Wang
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Früh SP, Adu OF, López-Astacio RA, Weichert WS, Wasik BR, Parrish CR. Isolation, cloning and analysis of parvovirus-specific canine antibodies from peripheral blood B cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 147:104894. [PMID: 37467826 PMCID: PMC10542859 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
B-cell cloning methods enable the analysis of antibody responses against target antigens and can be used to reveal the host antibody repertoire, antigenic sites (epitopes), and details of protective immunity against pathogens. Here, we describe improved methods for isolation of canine peripheral blood B cells producing antibodies against canine parvovirus (CPV) capsids by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, followed by cell cloning. We cultured sorted B cells from an immunized dog in vitro and screened for CPV-specific antibody production. Updated canine-specific primer sets were used to amplify and clone the heavy and light chain immunoglobulin sequences directly from the B cells by reverse transcription and PCR. Monoclonal canine IgGs were produced by cloning heavy and light chain sequences into antibody expression vectors, which were screened for CPV binding. Three different canine monoclonal antibodies were analyzed, including two that shared the same heavy chain, and one that had distinct heavy and light chains. The antibodies showed broad binding to CPV variants, and epitopes were mapped to antigenic sites on the capsid. The methods described here are applicable for the isolation of canine B cells and monoclonal antibodies against many antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Früh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oluwafemi F Adu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A López-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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3
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Hartmann SR, Charnesky AJ, Früh SP, López-Astacio RA, Weichert WS, DiNunno N, Cho SH, Bator CM, Parrish CR, Hafenstein SL. Cryo EM structures map a post vaccination polyclonal antibody response to canine parvovirus. Commun Biol 2023; 6:955. [PMID: 37726539 PMCID: PMC10509169 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen that emerged by cross-species transmission to cause severe disease in dogs. To understand the host immune response to vaccination, sera from dogs immunized with parvovirus are obtained, the polyclonal antibodies are purified and used to solve the high resolution cryo EM structures of the polyclonal Fab-virus complexes. We use a custom software, Icosahedral Subparticle Extraction and Correlated Classification (ISECC) to perform subparticle analysis and reconstruct polyclonal Fab-virus complexes from two different dogs eight and twelve weeks post vaccination. In the resulting polyclonal Fab-virus complexes there are a total of five distinct Fabs identified. In both cases, any of the five antibodies identified would interfere with receptor binding. This polyclonal mapping approach identifies a specific, limited immune response to the live vaccine virus and allows us to investigate the binding of multiple different antibodies or ligands to virus capsids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew J Charnesky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Simon P Früh
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A López-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nadia DiNunno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sung Hung Cho
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Carol M Bator
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Susan L Hafenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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4
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Wasik BR, Rothschild E, Voorhees IEH, Reedy SE, Murcia PR, Pusterla N, Chambers TM, Goodman LB, Holmes EC, Kile JC, Parrish CR. Understanding the divergent evolution and epidemiology of H3N8 influenza viruses in dogs and horses. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead052. [PMID: 37692894 PMCID: PMC10484056 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-species virus transmission events can lead to dire public health emergencies in the form of epidemics and pandemics. One example in animals is the emergence of the H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV), first isolated in 1963 in Miami, FL, USA, after emerging among horses in South America. In the early 21st century, the American lineage of EIV diverged into two 'Florida' clades that persist today, while an EIV transferred to dogs around 1999 and gave rise to the H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV), first reported in 2004. Here, we compare CIV in dogs and EIV in horses to reveal their host-specific evolution, to determine the sources and connections between significant outbreaks, and to gain insight into the factors controlling their different evolutionary fates. H3N8 CIV only circulated in North America, was geographically restricted after the first few years, and went extinct in 2016. Of the two EIV Florida clades, clade 1 circulates widely and shows frequent transfers between the USA and South America, Europe and elsewhere, while clade 2 was globally distributed early after it emerged, but since about 2018 has only been detected in Central Asia. Any potential zoonotic threat of these viruses to humans can only be determined with an understanding of its natural history and evolution. Our comparative analysis of these three viral lineages reveals distinct patterns and rates of sequence variation yet with similar overall evolution between clades, suggesting epidemiological intervention strategies for possible eradication of H3N8 EIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Evin Rothschild
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ian E H Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stephanie E Reedy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Pablo R Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas M Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Public and Ecosystems Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James C Kile
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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5
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Kuhn JH, Abe J, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Kumar Baranwal V, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bergeron É, Biedenkopf N, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blouin AG, Bradfute SB, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Kumar Chaturvedi K, Chooi KM, Crane A, Dal Bó E, Carlos de la Torre J, de Souza WM, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Drexler JF, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Easton AJ, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Feng G, Firth AE, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Laura García M, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin TR, Gong W, Gonzalez JPJ, de Bellocq J, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther I, Günther S, Hammond J, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Hepojoki J, Higgins CM, Hongō S, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hume AJ, Hyndman TH, Ikeda K, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Lǐ J, Li JM, Liu R, Lukashevich IS, MacDiarmid RM, Maes P, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, McCauley JW, Mirazimi A, Mühlberger E, Nabeshima T, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Neriya Y, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Ochoa-Corona FM, Okada T, Palacios G, Pallás V, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Plemper RK, Postler TS, Rabbidge LO, Radoshitzky SR, Ramos-González PL, Rehanek M, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rodrigues TCS, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sadiq S, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Sharpe SR, Shi M, Shimomoto Y, Kavi Sidharthan V, Sironi M, Smither S, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Takada A, Takeyama S, Tatara A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tian X, Tischler ND, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Maria Vaira A, van den Hoogen B, Vanmechelen B, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Waltzek TB, Whitfield AE, Wolf YI, Xia H, Xylogianni E, Yanagisawa H, Yano K, Ye G, Yuan Z, Zerbini FM, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhang YZ, Zhao L, Økland AL. Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota). J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001864. [PMID: 37622664 PMCID: PMC10721048 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Junya Abe
- Ornamental Plants and Vegetables Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Takikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V. Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - María A. Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS,, Mississippi State, USA
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnaud G. Blouin
- Virology-Phytoplasmology Laboratory, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A. Brown
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William M. de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - J. Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Toufic Elbeaino
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R. Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaskin
- Brandenburg State Office of Rural Development, Agriculture and Land Consolidation (LELF), Frankfurt, Germany
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ines Günther
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Kazusa Hayashi
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M. Higgins
- The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seiji Hongō
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Holly R. Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kenichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Gilda B. Jonson
- International Rice Research Institute, College, Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J. Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Ran Liu
- Illumina (China), Beijing, PR China
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robin M. MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio H. Marshall
- Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoCampus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L. Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - José A. Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | | | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Colin R. Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Janusz T. Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel R. Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Postler
- Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lee O. Rabbidge
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Marius Rehanek
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato O. Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thaís C. S. Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Sabrina Sadiq
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen R. Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | | | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sawana Takeyama
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Tatara
- Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management, Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xin Tian
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Nicole D. Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bert Vanmechelen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX,, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Evanthia Xylogianni
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Votanikos, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kazutaka Yano
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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López-Astacio RA, Adu OF, Lee H, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. The Structures and Functions of Parvovirus Capsids and Missing Pieces: the Viral DNA and Its Packaging, Asymmetrical Features, Nonprotein Components, and Receptor or Antibody Binding and Interactions. J Virol 2023; 97:e0016123. [PMID: 37367301 PMCID: PMC10373561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00161-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are among the smallest and superficially simplest animal viruses, infecting a broad range of hosts, including humans, and causing some deadly infections. In 1990, the first atomic structure of the canine parvovirus (CPV) capsid revealed a 26-nm-diameter T=1 particle made up of two or three versions of a single protein, and packaging about 5,100 nucleotides of single-stranded DNA. Our structural and functional understanding of parvovirus capsids and their ligands has increased as imaging and molecular techniques have advanced, and capsid structures for most groups within the Parvoviridae family have now been determined. Despite those advances, significant questions remain unanswered about the functioning of those viral capsids and their roles in release, transmission, or cellular infection. In addition, the interactions of capsids with host receptors, antibodies, or other biological components are also still incompletely understood. The parvovirus capsid's apparent simplicity likely conceals important functions carried out by small, transient, or asymmetric structures. Here, we highlight some remaining open questions that may need to be answered to provide a more thorough understanding of how these viruses carry out their various functions. The many different members of the family Parvoviridae share a capsid architecture, and while many functions are likely similar, others may differ in detail. Many of those parvoviruses have not been experimentally examined in detail (or at all in some cases), so we, therefore, focus this minireview on the widely studied protoparvoviruses, as well as the most thoroughly investigated examples of adeno-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. López-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Oluwafemi F. Adu
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan L. Hafenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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López-Astacio RA, Adu OF, Goetschius DJ, Lee H, Weichert WS, Wasik BR, Frueh SP, Alford BK, Voorhees IEH, Flint JF, Saddoris S, Goodman LB, Holmes EC, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. Viral Capsid, Antibody, and Receptor Interactions: Experimental Analysis of the Antibody Escape Evolution of Canine Parvovirus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0009023. [PMID: 37199627 PMCID: PMC10308881 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00090-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a small nonenveloped single-stranded DNA virus that causes serious diseases in dogs worldwide. The original strain of the virus (CPV-2) emerged in dogs during the late 1970s due to a host range switch of a virus similar to the feline panleukopenia virus that infected another host. The virus that emerged in dogs had altered capsid receptor and antibody binding sites, with some changes affecting both functions. Further receptor and antibody binding changes arose when the virus became better adapted to dogs or to other hosts. Here, we used in vitro selection and deep sequencing to reveal how two antibodies with known interactions select for escape mutations in CPV. The antibodies bound two distinct epitopes, and one largely overlapped the host receptor binding site. We also generated mutated antibody variants with altered binding structures. Viruses were passaged with wild-type (WT) or mutated antibodies, and their genomes were deep sequenced during the selective process. A small number of mutations were detected only within the capsid protein gene during the first few passages of selection, and most sites remained polymorphic or were slow to go to fixation. Mutations arose both within and outside the antibody binding footprints on the capsids, and all avoided the transferrin receptor type 1 binding footprint. Many selected mutations matched those that have arisen in the natural evolution of the virus. The patterns observed reveal the mechanisms by which these variants have been selected in nature and provide a better understanding of the interactions between antibody and receptor selections. IMPORTANCE Antibodies protect animals against infection by many different viruses and other pathogens, and we are gaining new information about the epitopes that induce antibody responses against viruses and the structures of the bound antibodies. However, less is known about the processes of antibody selection and antigenic escape and the constraints that apply in this system. Here, we used an in vitro model system and deep genome sequencing to reveal the mutations that arose in the virus genome during selection by each of two monoclonal antibodies or their mutated variants. High-resolution structures of each of the Fab:capsid complexes revealed their binding interactions. The wild-type antibodies or their mutated variants allowed us to examine how changes in antibody structure influence the mutational selection patterns seen in the virus. The results shed light on the processes of antibody binding, neutralization escape, and receptor binding, and they likely have parallels for many other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. López-Astacio
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Oluwafemi F. Adu
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daniel J. Goetschius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wendy S. Weichert
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Simon P. Frueh
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Brynn K. Alford
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ian E. H. Voorhees
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joseph F. Flint
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Saddoris
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Laura B. Goodman
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan L. Hafenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- James A. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Chien YAA, Alford BK, Wasik BR, Weichert WS, Parrish CR, Daniel S. Single Particle Analysis of H3N2 Influenza Entry Differentiates the Impact of the Sialic Acids (Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc) on Virus Binding and Membrane Fusion. J Virol 2023; 97:e0146322. [PMID: 36779754 PMCID: PMC10062150 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01463-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Entry of influenza A viruses (IAVs) into host cells is initiated by binding to sialic acids (Sias), their primary host cell receptor, followed by endocytosis and membrane fusion to release the viral genome into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Host tropism is affected by these entry processes, with a primary factor being receptor specificity. Sias exist in several different chemical forms, including the hydroxylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which is found in many hosts; however, it has not been clear how modified Sias affect viral binding and entry. Neu5Gc is commonly found in many natural influenza hosts, including pigs and horses, but not in humans or ferrets. Here, we engineered HEK293 cells to express the hydoxylase gene (CMAH) that converts Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc, or knocked out the Sia-CMP transport gene (SLC35A1), resulting in cells that express 95% Neu5Gc or minimal level of Sias, respectively. H3N2 (X-31) showed significantly reduced infectivity in Neu5Gc-rich cells compared to wild-type HEK293 (>95% Neu5Ac). To determine the effects on binding and fusion, we generated supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) derived from the plasma membranes of these cells and carried out single particle microscopy. H3N2 (X-31) exhibited decreased binding to Neu5Gc-containing SLBs, but no significant difference in H3N2 (X-31)'s fusion kinetics to either SLB type, suggesting that reduced receptor binding does not affect subsequent membrane fusion. This finding suggests that for this virus to adapt to host cells rich in Neu5Gc, only receptor affinity changes are required without further adaptation of virus fusion machinery. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) infections continue to threaten human health, causing over 300,000 deaths yearly. IAV infection is initiated by the binding of influenza glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) to host cell sialic acids (Sias) and the subsequent viral-host membrane fusion. Generally, human IAVs preferentially bind to the Sia N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Yet, other mammalian hosts, including pigs, express diverse nonhuman Sias, including N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The role of Neu5Gc in human IAV infections in those hosts is not well-understood, and the variant form may play a role in incidents of cross-species transmission and emergence of new epidemic variants. Therefore, it is important to investigate how human IAVs interact with Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc. Here, we use membrane platforms that mimic the host cell surface to examine receptor binding and membrane fusion events of human IAV H3N2. Our findings improve the understanding of viral entry mechanisms that can affect host tropism and virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Annie Chien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brynn K. Alford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Wendy S. Weichert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Susan Daniel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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López-Astacio RA, Adu OF, Goetschius DJ, Lee H, Weichert WS, Wasik BR, Frueh SP, Alford BK, Voorhees IE, Flint JF, Saddoris S, Goodman LB, Holmes EC, Hafenstein SL, Parrish CR. Viral capsid, antibody, and receptor interactions: experimental analysis of the antibody escape evolution of canine parvovirus. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.18.524668. [PMID: 36711712 PMCID: PMC9882321 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a small non-enveloped single-stranded DNA virus that causes serious diseases in dogs worldwide. The original strain of the virus (CPV-2) emerged in dogs during the late-1970s due to a host range switch of a virus similar to the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) that infected another host. The virus that emerged in dogs had altered capsid receptor- and antibody-binding sites, with some changes affecting both functions. Further receptor and antibody binding changes arose when the virus became better adapted to dogs or to other hosts. Here, we use in vitro selection and deep sequencing to reveal how two antibodies with known interactions select for escape mutations in CPV. The antibodies bind two distinct epitopes, and one largely overlaps the host receptor binding site. We also engineered antibody variants with altered binding structures. Viruses were passaged with the wild type or mutated antibodies, and their genomes deep sequenced during the selective process. A small number of mutations were detected only within the capsid protein gene during the first few passages of selection, and most sites remained polymorphic or were slow to go to fixation. Mutations arose both within and outside the antibody binding footprints on the capsids, and all avoided the TfR-binding footprint. Many selected mutations matched those that have arisen in the natural evolution of the virus. The patterns observed reveal the mechanisms by which these variants have been selected in nature and provide a better understanding of the interactions between antibody and receptor selections. IMPORTANCE Antibodies protect animals against infection by many different viruses and other pathogens, and we are gaining new information about the epitopes that induce antibody responses against viruses and the structures of the bound antibodies. However, less is known about the processes of antibody selection and antigenic escape and the constraints that apply in this system. Here, we use an in vitro model system and deep genome sequencing to reveal the mutations that arise in the virus genome during selection by each of two monoclonal antibodies or their engineered variants. High-resolution structures of each of the Fab: capsid complexes revealed their binding interactions. The engineered forms of the wild-type antibodies or mutant forms allowed us to examine how changes in antibody structure influence the mutational selection patterns seen in the virus. The results shed light on the processes of antibody binding, neutralization escape, and receptor binding, and likely have parallels for many other viruses.
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bandte M, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bergeron É, Biedenkopf N, Bigarré L, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Briese T, Brown PA, Bruggmann R, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Candresse T, Carson J, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chiaki Y, Crane A, Crane M, Dacheux L, Bó ED, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Souza WM, de Swart RL, Dheilly NM, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Drexler JF, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Easton AJ, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Feng G, Feuvrier C, Firth AE, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Godwin SE, Gonzalez JPJ, de Bellocq JG, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther S, Hammond J, Hepojoki J, Hierweger MM, Hongō S, Horie M, Horikawa H, Hughes HR, Hume AJ, Hyndman TH, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Karlin DG, Klempa B, Klingström J, Koch MC, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krásová J, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Lǐ J, Li JM, Lieffrig F, Lukashevich IS, Luo D, Maes P, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, McCauley JW, Mirazimi A, Mohr PG, Moody NJG, Morita Y, Morrison RN, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Neriya Y, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Ochoa-Corona FM, Palacios G, Pallandre L, Pallás V, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Plemper RK, Postler TS, Pozet F, Radoshitzky SR, Ramos-González PL, Rehanek M, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Rumbou A, Runstadler JA, Rupp M, Sabanadzovic S, Sasaya T, Schmidt-Posthaus H, Schwemmle M, Seuberlich T, Sharpe SR, Shi M, Sironi M, Smither S, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Takada A, Tesh RB, Těšíková J, Thornburg NJ, Tischler ND, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Tsunekawa K, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Vanmechelen B, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Yamasaki J, Yanagisawa H, Ye G, Zhang YZ, Økland AL. 2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2857-2906. [PMID: 36437428 PMCID: PMC9847503 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Martina Bandte
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Bigarré
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Carol D Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jeremy Carson
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Yuya Chiaki
- Division of Fruit Tree and Tea Pest Control Research, Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mark Crane
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurent Dacheux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - William M de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - J Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Toufic Elbeaino
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Andrew E Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott E Godwin
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie M Hierweger
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Seiji Hongō
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam J Hume
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- International Rice Research Institute, College, Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fujio Kadono
- Clinical Plant Science Center, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David G Karlin
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel C Koch
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jarmila Krásová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ivan V Kuzmin
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dongsheng Luo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Paris, France
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio H Marshall
- Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Peter G Mohr
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nick J G Moody
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Richard N Morrison
- Centre for Aquatic Animal Health and Vaccines, Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Francisco M Ochoa-Corona
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurane Pallandre
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou
- Methods Development and Research Infrastructure, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Colin R Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Richard K Plemper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Marius Rehanek
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Unversidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Unversidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Artemis Rumbou
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Rupp
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Heike Schmidt-Posthaus
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen R Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jana Těšíková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nicole D Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Vanmechelen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Junki Yamasaki
- Environmental Agriculture Promotion Division, Department of Agricultural Development, Kochi Prefectural Government, Kochi, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Srivastava S, Verhagen A, Sasmal A, Wasik BR, Diaz S, Yu H, Bensing BA, Khan N, Khedri Z, Secrest P, Sullam P, Varki N, Chen X, Parrish CR, Varki A. Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome. Glycobiology 2022; 32:1116-1136. [PMID: 35926090 PMCID: PMC9680117 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans that are abundantly displayed on vertebrate cell surface and secreted molecules are often capped with terminal sialic acids (Sias). These diverse 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides are involved in numerous intrinsic biological processes. They also interact with commensals and pathogens, while undergoing dynamic changes in time and space, often influenced by environmental conditions. However, most of this sialoglycan complexity and variation remains poorly characterized by conventional techniques, which often tend to destroy or overlook crucial aspects of Sia diversity and/or fail to elucidate native structures in biological systems, i.e. in the intact sialome. To date, in situ detection and analysis of sialoglycans has largely relied on the use of plant lectins, sialidases, or antibodies, whose preferences (with certain exceptions) are limited and/or uncertain. We took advantage of naturally evolved microbial molecules (bacterial adhesins, toxin subunits, and viral hemagglutinin-esterases) that recognize sialoglycans with defined specificity to delineate 9 classes of sialoglycan recognizing probes (SGRPs: SGRP1-SGRP9) that can be used to explore mammalian sialome changes in a simple and systematic manner, using techniques common in most laboratories. SGRP candidates with specificity defined by sialoglycan microarray studies were engineered as tagged probes, each with a corresponding nonbinding mutant probe as a simple and reliable negative control. The optimized panel of SGRPs can be used in methods commonly available in most bioscience labs, such as ELISA, western blot, flow cytometry, and histochemistry. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we provide examples of sialoglycome differences in tissues from C57BL/6 wild-type mice and human-like Cmah-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Verhagen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naazneen Khan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zahra Khedri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Secrest
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Sullam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nissi Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Corresponding author: UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
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12
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Erickson JJ, Archer-Hartmann S, Yarawsky AE, Miller JLC, Seveau S, Shao TY, Severance AL, Miller-Handley H, Wu Y, Pham G, Wasik BR, Parrish CR, Hu YC, Lau JTY, Azadi P, Herr AB, Way SS. Pregnancy enables antibody protection against intracellular infection. Nature 2022; 606:769-775. [PMID: 35676476 PMCID: PMC9233044 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune components are thought to exert non-overlapping roles in antimicrobial host defence, with antibodies targeting pathogens in the extracellular environment and T cells eliminating infection inside cells1,2. Reliance on antibodies for vertically transferred immunity from mothers to babies may explain neonatal susceptibility to intracellular infections3,4. Here we show that pregnancy-induced post-translational antibody modification enables protection against the prototypical intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Infection susceptibility was reversed in neonatal mice born to preconceptually primed mothers possessing L. monocytogenes-specific IgG or after passive transfer of antibodies from primed pregnant, but not virgin, mice. Although maternal B cells were essential for producing IgGs that mediate vertically transferred protection, they were dispensable for antibody acquisition of protective function, which instead required sialic acid acetyl esterase5 to deacetylate terminal sialic acid residues on IgG variable-region N-linked glycans. Deacetylated L. monocytogenes-specific IgG protected neonates through the sialic acid receptor CD226,7, which suppressed IL-10 production by B cells leading to antibody-mediated protection. Consideration of the maternal-fetal dyad as a joined immunological unit reveals protective roles for antibodies against intracellular infection and fine-tuned adaptations to enhance host defence during pregnancy and early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Alexander E Yarawsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanette L C Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L Severance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hilary Miller-Handley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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13
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Ruiz-Aravena M, McKee C, Gamble A, Lunn T, Morris A, Snedden CE, Yinda CK, Port JR, Buchholz DW, Yeo YY, Faust C, Jax E, Dee L, Jones DN, Kessler MK, Falvo C, Crowley D, Bharti N, Brook CE, Aguilar HC, Peel AJ, Restif O, Schountz T, Parrish CR, Gurley ES, Lloyd-Smith JO, Hudson PJ, Munster VJ, Plowright RK. Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:299-314. [PMID: 34799704 PMCID: PMC8603903 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, three coronaviruses with ancestral origins in bats have emerged and caused widespread outbreaks in humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the first SARS epidemic in 2002-2003, the appreciation of bats as key hosts of zoonotic coronaviruses has advanced rapidly. More than 4,000 coronavirus sequences from 14 bat families have been identified, yet the true diversity of bat coronaviruses is probably much greater. Given that bats are the likely evolutionary source for several human coronaviruses, including strains that cause mild upper respiratory tract disease, their role in historic and future pandemics requires ongoing investigation. We review and integrate information on bat-coronavirus interactions at the molecular, tissue, host and population levels. We identify critical gaps in knowledge of bat coronaviruses, which relate to spillover and pandemic risk, including the pathways to zoonotic spillover, the infection dynamics within bat reservoir hosts, the role of prior adaptation in intermediate hosts for zoonotic transmission and the viral genotypes or traits that predict zoonotic capacity and pandemic potential. Filling these knowledge gaps may help prevent the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ruiz-Aravena
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Clifton McKee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amandine Gamble
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tamika Lunn
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Aaron Morris
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Celine E Snedden
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Julia R Port
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David W Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yao Yu Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christina Faust
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Elinor Jax
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Dee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Devin N Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Maureen K Kessler
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Caylee Falvo
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Daniel Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Nita Bharti
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Cara E Brook
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alison J Peel
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivier Restif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tony Schountz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James O Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Vincent J Munster
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Raina K Plowright
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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14
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Mattola S, Salokas K, Aho V, Mäntylä E, Salminen S, Hakanen S, Niskanen EA, Svirskaite J, Ihalainen TO, Airenne KJ, Kaikkonen-Määttä M, Parrish CR, Varjosalo M, Vihinen-Ranta M. Parvovirus nonstructural protein 2 interacts with chromatin-regulating cellular proteins. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010353. [PMID: 35395063 PMCID: PMC9020740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomous parvoviruses encode at least two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. While NS1 is linked to important nuclear processes required for viral replication, much less is known about the role of NS2. Specifically, the function of canine parvovirus (CPV) NS2 has remained undefined. Here we have used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to screen for nuclear proteins that associate with CPV NS2. Many of these associations were seen both in noninfected and infected cells, however, the major type of interacting proteins shifted from nuclear envelope proteins to chromatin-associated proteins in infected cells. BioID interactions revealed a potential role for NS2 in DNA remodeling and damage response. Studies of mutant viral genomes with truncated forms of the NS2 protein suggested a change in host chromatin accessibility. Moreover, further studies with NS2 mutants indicated that NS2 performs functions that affect the quantity and distribution of proteins linked to DNA damage response. Notably, mutation in the splice donor site of the NS2 led to a preferred formation of small viral replication center foci instead of the large coalescent centers seen in wild-type infection. Collectively, our results provide insights into potential roles of CPV NS2 in controlling chromatin remodeling and DNA damage response during parvoviral replication. Parvoviruses are small, nonenveloped DNA viruses, that besides being noteworthy pathogens in many animal species, including humans, are also being developed as vectors for gene and cancer therapy. Canine parvovirus is an autonomously replicating parvovirus that encodes two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. NS1 is required for viral DNA replication and packaging, as well as gene expression. However, very little is known about the function of NS2. Our studies indicate that NS2 serves a previously undefined important function in chromatin modification and DNA damage responses. Therefore, it appears that although both NS1 and NS2 are needed for a productive infection they play very different roles in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Mattola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Aho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Salminen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Satu Hakanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Einari A. Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Julija Svirskaite
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu O. Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari J. Airenne
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy (KCT), Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cornell, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Nogales A, Chiem K, Breen M, DeDiego ML, Parrish CR, Martínez-Sobrido L. Generation and Characterization of Single-Cycle Infectious Canine Influenza A Virus (sciCIV) and Its Use as Vaccine Platform. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2465:227-255. [PMID: 35118625 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2168-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) infect a broad range of hosts, including multiple avian and mammalian species. The frequent emergence of novel IAV strains in different hosts, including in humans, results in the need for vigilance and ongoing development of new approaches to fighting or prevent those infections. Canine influenza is a contagious respiratory disease in dogs caused by two subtypes of IAV, the equine-origin H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV), and the avian-origin H3N2 CIV. A novel approach to influenza vaccination involves single-cycle infectious influenza A viruses (sciIAVs), which are defective for an essential viral gene. They are propagated in complementing cell lines which provide the missing gene in trans. As sciIAV cannot complete their replication cycle in regular cells they are limited to a single round of viral replication. Because of their safety profile and ability to express foreign antigens inside infected cells, sciIAVs have served both as live-attenuated vaccines and as vaccine vectors for the expression of heterologous antigens. Here, we describe experimental procedures for the generation of a single-cycle infectious CIV (sciCIV), where the viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene was exchanged for the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Complementation of the viral HA protein is provided in trans by stable HA-expressing cell lines. Methods for the in vitro characterization of HA deficient but GFP-expressing sciCIV (sciCIV ΔHA/GFP) are described, as well as its use as a potential vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Breen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta L DeDiego
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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16
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Nemanichvili N, Berends AJ, Tomris I, Barnard KN, Parrish CR, Gröne A, Rijks JM, Verheije MH, de Vries RP. Influenza D binding properties vary amongst the two major virus clades and wildlife species. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109298. [PMID: 34906835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The influenza D virus (IDV) uses a trimeric hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein (HEF) for attachment to 9-O-acetylated sialic acid receptors on the cell surface of host species. So far research has revealed that farm animals such as cattle, domestic pigs, goats, sheep and horses contain the necessary receptors on the epithelial surface of the respiratory tract to accommodate binding of the IDV HEF protein of both worldwide clades D/Oklahoma (D/OK) and D/Oklahoma/660 (D/660). More recently, seroprevalence studies have identified IDV-seropositive wildlife such as wild boar, deer, dromedaries, and small ruminants. However, no research has thus far been conducted in wildlife to reveal the distribution of acetylated sialic acid receptors that accommodate binding of IDV. Using our previously developed tissue microarray (TMA) system, we developed TMAs containing respiratory tissues of various wild and domestic species including wild boar, deer, dromedary, springbok, water buffalo, tiger, hedgehog, and Asian elephant. Protein histochemical staining of these TMAs with HEF proteins showed no receptor binding for wild Suidae, Cervidae and tiger. However, receptors were present in dromedary, springbok, water buffalo, Asian elephant, and hedgehog. In contrast to previously tested farm animals, a difference in host tropism was observed between the D/OK and D/660 clade HEF proteins in Asian elephant, and water buffalo. These results show that IDV can attach to the respiratory tract of wildlife which might facilitate transmission of IDV between wildlife and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoloz Nemanichvili
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alinda J Berends
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilhan Tomris
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen N Barnard
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jolianne M Rijks
- Dutch Wildlife Health Centre, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique H Verheije
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Agwanda BR, Kubrusli RA, Alkhovsky (Aльxoвcкий Cepгeй Bлaдимиpoвич) SV, Amarasinghe GK, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bennett AJ, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blystad DR, Bojko J, Borth WB, Bradfute S, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Brown JK, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao (曹孟籍) M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Cheng Q, Chiaki (千秋祐也) Y, Chiapello M, Choi IR, Ciuffo M, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, Bó ED, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Cicco E, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara (海老原秀喜) H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Ferguson HW, Fooks AR, Forgia M, Formenty PBH, Fránová J, Freitas-Astúa J, Fu (付晶晶) J, Fürl S, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Goldberg TL, Groschup MH, Günther S, Hall RA, Hammond J, Han (韩彤) T, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hong (洪健) J, Hong (洪霓) N, Hongo S, Horie (堀江真行) M, Hu JS, Hu T, Hughes HR, Hüttner F, Hyndman TH, Ilyas M, Jalkanen R, Jiāng (姜道宏) D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono (上遠野冨士夫) F, Kaukinen KH, Kawate M, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Koloniuk I, Kondō (近藤秀樹) H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota (久保田健嗣) K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lefkowitz EJ, Leroy EM, Li (李邵蓉) S, Li (李龙辉) L, Lǐ (李建荣) J, Liu (刘华珍) H, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Melzer M, Mielke-Ehret N, Miller KM, Ming TJ, Mirazimi A, Mordecai GJ, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki (夏秋知英) T, Navarro JA, Netesov (Heтёcoв Cepгeй Bиктopoвич) SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Olmedo-Velarde A, Palacios G, Pallás V, Pályi B, Papa (Άννα Παπά) A, Paraskevopoulou (Παρασκευοπούλου Σοφία) S, Park AC, Parrish CR, Patterson DA, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Peracchio C, Pérez DR, Postler TS, Qi (亓立莹) L, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Luna GR, Romanowski V, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sang R, Sasaya (笹谷孝英) T, Schulze AD, Schwemmle M, Shi (施莽) M, Shí (石晓宏) X, Shí (石正丽) Z, Shimomoto (下元祥史) Y, Shirako Y, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Smagghe G, Smither S, Song (송진원) JW, Spann K, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Sugano J, Suttle CA, Tabata A, Takada (高田礼人) A, Takeuchi (竹内繁治) S, Tchouassi DP, Teffer A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomitaka (冨高保弘) Y, Tomonaga (朝長啓造) K, Tordo N, Torto B, Towner JS, Tsuda (津田新哉) S, Tu (涂长春) C, Turina M, Tzanetakis I, Uchida J, Usugi (宇杉富雄) T, Vaira AM, Vallino M, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis (Νίκος Βασιλάκης) N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang (王林发) LF, Wang (王国平) G, Wang (王雁翔) Y, Wang (王亚琴) YQ, Waqas M, Wèi (魏太云) T, Wen (温少华) S, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu (吴建祥) JX, Xu (徐雷) L, Yanagisawa (栁澤広宣) H, Yang (杨彩霞) C, Yang (杨作坤) Z, Zerbini FM, Zhai (翟立峰) L, Zhang YZ, Zhang (张松) S, Zhang (张靖国) J, Zhang (张哲) Z, Zhou (周雪平) X. Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3567-3579. [PMID: 34786611 PMCID: PMC11078012 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Bernard R. Agwanda
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi,
Kenya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture &
Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rim Al Kubrusli
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - María A. Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de
Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de
Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de
Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología
Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica,
Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of
Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases,
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health,
Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State
University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for
Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD,
USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology,
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J. Bennett
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological
Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort
Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of
High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H. Bird
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute,
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC,
Australia
| | | | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University,
Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University,
Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
| | | | - Steven Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center,
Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Breyta
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research
Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of
Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Paul A. Brown
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French
Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan,
France
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ, USA
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry,
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas
Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service
and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of
South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao (曹孟籍)
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research
Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National
Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD
190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of
Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Yuya Chiaki (千秋祐也)
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit
tree and Tea Science, NARO, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and
International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marina Ciuffo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate,
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales,
Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The
Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD
190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical
Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto
Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba,
Argentina
- Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización
Agrícola, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y
Técnicas (UFYMA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health
Laboratory, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante,
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Turin, Italy
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation,
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari,
Valenzano, Italy
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg,
Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael A. Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National
Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J. Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William G. Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA
Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear
Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | | | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology,
Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugh W. Ferguson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s
University, True Blue, Grenada
| | | | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for sustainable plant protection, CNR, Turin,
Italy
| | | | - Jana Fránová
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular
Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jingjing Fu (付晶晶)
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephanie Fürl
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal
Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin,
Germany
| | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin
Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and
Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing,
People’s Republic of China
| | - María Laura García
- nstituto de Biotecnología y Biología
Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, I, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R. Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Gaskin
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Landesamt für
ländliche Entwicklung, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of
Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown
University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging
Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases,
Friedric h-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic
Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for
Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roy A. Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane,
Australia
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Beltsville, MD,
USA
| | - Tong Han (韩彤)
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum,
Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty,
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hewson
- London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, London,
UK
| | - Jiang Hong (洪健)
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental
Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Hong (洪霓)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University
Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie (堀江真行)
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of
Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | | | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of
Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Holly R. Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins,
CO, USA
| | - Florian Hüttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University,
Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M. Ilyas
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Dàohóng Jiāng (姜道宏)
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Gilda B. Jonson
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice
Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free
University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin,
Germany
| | - Fujio Kadono (上遠野冨士夫)
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of
Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karia H. Kaukinen
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine
Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious
Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular
Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hideki Kondō (近藤秀樹)
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama
University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National
Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
| | | | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
unit, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals
Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J. Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins,
CO, USA
| | | | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric M. Leroy
- MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French
National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier,
France
| | - Shaorong Li (李邵蓉)
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological
Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Longhui Li (李龙辉)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ (李建荣)
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of
Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huazhen Liu (刘华珍)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of
Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging
Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free
University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health,
Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin,
Germany
| | - Sergio H. Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L. Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service, Washington, USA
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology
Laboratory, Liège University, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Michael Melzer
- Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University
of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Kristina M. Miller
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Tobi J. Ming
- Molecular Genetics, Pacific Biological Station,
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, Canada
| | | | - Gideon J. Mordecai
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia,
Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging
Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural
Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - José A. Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de
Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of
Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary
Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of
Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de
Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad
Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health
Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Papa (Άννα Παπά)
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and
Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou (Παρασκευοπούλου Σοφία)
- Institute of Virology,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie
Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin
Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam C. Park
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI,
USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David A. Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Resource and Environmental
Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janusz T. Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases,
National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory
Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of
Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College
Station, TX, USA
| | - Carlotta Peracchio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel R. Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos
College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New
York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Liying Qi (亓立莹)
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang,
Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Renato O. Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de
Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología
Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bertus K. Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine,
Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen’s University of Belfast,
Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología
Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología
Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de
Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico—Universidad Nacional de
La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory
Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology,
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la
Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health,
Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North
Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology,
Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,
USA
| | | | - Maria S. Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology,
Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Takahide Sasaya (笹谷孝英)
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National
Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Angela D. Schulze
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Pacific Biological Station,
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical
Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mang Shi (施莽)
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí (石晓宏)
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research,
Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhènglì Shí (石正丽)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental
Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart G. Siddell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS
“E. Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant
and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, DSTL, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire,
UK
| | - Jin-Won Song (송진원)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea
University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health,
Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of
High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M. Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Curtis A. Suttle
- Departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences,
Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany, and the Institute for Oceans and Fisheries,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amy Tabata
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Ayato Takada (高田礼人)
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for
Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Amy Teffer
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX,
USA
| | | | | | - Keizō Tomonaga (朝長啓造)
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences
(inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO
Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference
Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology,
Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of
High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic
Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry,
Guinea
| | - Shinya Tsuda (津田新哉)
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of
Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchun Tu (涂长春)
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese
Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Massimo Turina
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council
of Italy (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division
of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System,, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Tomio Usugi (宇杉富雄)
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National
Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University
Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied
Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona
State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of
Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South
Africa
| | | | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and
Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health,
Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures
Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences,
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang (王林发)
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS
Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoping Wang (王国平)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Wang (王雁翔)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-qin Wang (王亚琴)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of
Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety
Control in Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong
Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tàiyún Wèi (魏太云)
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology,
Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou,
Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wen (温少华)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V. Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National
Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiang-xiang Wu (吴建祥)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of
Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Lei Xu (徐雷)
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang,
Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Caixia Yang (杨彩霞)
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang
University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuokun Yang (杨作坤)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- epartamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de
Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de
Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lifeng Zhai (翟立峰)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry
of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and
Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing,
People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes
of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Song Zhang (张松)
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research
Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Zhang (张靖国)
- National Sand Pear Germplasm Repository in Wuchang,
Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan,
Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang (张哲)
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of
Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou (周雪平)
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and
Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Agwanda BR, Al Kubrusli R, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Basler CF, Bavari S, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bennett AJ, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blystad DR, Bojko J, Borth WB, Bradfute S, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Brown JK, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Cheng Q, Chiaki Y, Chiapello M, Choi IR, Ciuffo M, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, Dal Bó E, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Cicco E, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Ferguson HW, Fooks AR, Forgia M, Formenty PBH, Fránová J, Freitas-Astúa J, Fu J, Fürl S, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Goldberg TL, Groschup MH, Günther S, Hall RA, Hammond J, Han T, Hepojoki J, Hewson R, Hong J, Hong N, Hongo S, Horie M, Hu JS, Hu T, Hughes HR, Hüttner F, Hyndman TH, Ilyas M, Jalkanen R, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Kadono F, Kaukinen KH, Kawate M, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Koloniuk I, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lefkowitz EJ, Leroy EM, Li S, Li L, Lǐ J, Liu H, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, de Souza WM, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Melzer M, Mielke-Ehret N, Miller KM, Ming TJ, Mirazimi A, Mordecai GJ, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Olmedo-Velarde A, Palacios G, Pallás V, Pályi B, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Park AC, Parrish CR, Patterson DA, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Peracchio C, Pérez DR, Postler TS, Qi L, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Luna GR, Romanowski V, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sang R, Sasaya T, Schulze AD, Schwemmle M, Shi M, Shí X, Shí Z, Shimomoto Y, Shirako Y, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Smagghe G, Smither S, Song JW, Spann K, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Sugano J, Suttle CA, Tabata A, Takada A, Takeuchi S, Tchouassi DP, Teffer A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Torto B, Towner JS, Tsuda S, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Uchida J, Usugi T, Vaira AM, Vallino M, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Wang G, Wang Y, Wang Y, Waqas M, Wèi T, Wen S, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wu J, Xu L, Yanagisawa H, Yang C, Yang Z, Zerbini FM, Zhai L, Zhang YZ, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhou X. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3513-3566. [PMID: 34463877 PMCID: PMC8627462 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Bernard R Agwanda
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rim Al Kubrusli
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Bennett
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol D Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jamie Bojko
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | | | - Steven Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Breyta
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuya Chiaki
- Grape and Persimmon Research Station, Institute of Fruit tree and Tea Science, NARO, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division and International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Marina Ciuffo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UFYMA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hugh W Ferguson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | | | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for sustainable plant protection, CNR, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jana Fránová
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jingjing Fu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephanie Fürl
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute for Crop and Animal Sciences, Division Phytomedicine, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - María Laura García
- nstituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, I, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Gaskin
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Landesamt für ländliche Entwicklung, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Tong Han
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hewson
- London School of Hygeine and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jiang Hong
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Hong
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - John S Hu
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Florian Hüttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - M Ilyas
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fujio Kadono
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karia H Kaukinen
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Igor Koloniuk
- Plant Virology Department, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric M Leroy
- MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Shaorong Li
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Longhui Li
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Washington, USA
| | - Sebastien Massart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liège University, Liege, Belgium
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Michael Melzer
- Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Kristina M Miller
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Tobi J Ming
- Molecular Genetics, Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, Canada
| | | | - Gideon J Mordecai
- Department of Medicine, Univeristy of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Tomohide Natsuaki
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Paraskevopoulou
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam C Park
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carlotta Peracchio
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Angela D Schulze
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhènglì Shí
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart G Siddell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, DSTL, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Curtis A Suttle
- Departments of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany, and the Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amy Tabata
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Takeuchi
- Japan Plant Protection Association Kochi Experiment Station, Konan, Kochi, Japan
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Amy Teffer
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Koshi, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), , Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV & CCHFV, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Shinya Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changchun Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Massimo Turina
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council of Italy (INO-CNR), Via Branze 45, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System,, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | | | - Tomio Usugi
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Crop Disease Monitoring and Safety Control in Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Wen
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiangxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Caixia Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuokun Yang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lifeng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- National Sand Pear Germplasm Repository in Wuchang, Research Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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20
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Ji Y, Sasmal A, Li W, Oh L, Srivastava S, Hargett AA, Wasik BR, Yu H, Diaz S, Choudhury B, Parrish CR, Freedberg DI, Wang LP, Varki A, Chen X. Reversible O-Acetyl Migration within the Sialic Acid Side Chain and Its Influence on Protein Recognition. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1951-1960. [PMID: 33769035 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
O-Acetylation is a common naturally occurring modification of carbohydrates and is especially widespread in sialic acids, a family of nine-carbon acidic monosaccharides. O-Acetyl migration within the exocyclic glycerol-like side chain of mono-O-acetylated sialic acid reported previously was from the C7- to C9-hydroxyl group with or without an 8-O-acetyl intermediate, which resulted in an equilibrium that favors the formation of the 9-O-acetyl sialic acid. Herein, we provide direct experimental evidence demonstrating that O-acetyl migration is bidirectional, and the rate of equilibration is influenced predominantly by the pH of the sample. While the O-acetyl group on sialic acids and sialoglycans is stable under mildly acidic conditions (pH < 5, the rate of O-acetyl migration is extremely low), reversible O-acetyl migration is observed readily at neutral pH and becomes more significant when the pH increases to slightly basic. Sialoglycan microarray studies showed that esterase-inactivated porcine torovirus hemagglutinin-esterase bound strongly to sialoglycans containing a more stable 9-N-acetylated sialic acid analog, but these compounds were less resistant to periodate oxidation treatment compared to their 9-O-acetyl counterparts. Together with prior studies, the results support the possible influence of sialic acid O-acetylation and O-acetyl migration to host-microbe interactions and potential application of the more stable synthetic N-acetyl mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lisa Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Audra A. Hargett
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Darón I. Freedberg
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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21
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Parrish CR, Park EC, Dutch RE, Zlotnik A. In Memoriam: Mavis Agbandje-McKenna (1963-2021). Annu Rev Virol 2021. [PMID: 34061556 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vi-08-051221-100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Grabenstein S, Barnard KN, Anim M, Armoo A, Weichert WS, Bertozzi CR, Parrish CR, Willand-Charnley R. Deacetylated sialic acids modulates immune mediated cytotoxicity via the sialic acid-Siglec pathway. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1279-1294. [PMID: 34192335 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers utilize glycans to evade the immune system via the Sialic acid (Sia)-Siglec (Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) pathway. Specifically, atypical structural forms of sialic acid bind to inhibitory Siglec receptors on Natural Killer (NK) cells resulting in the suppression of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action that governs the Sia-Siglec pathway in cancers is not understood. Specifically, how deviations from the typical form of Sia mechanistically contribute. Here we focused on modulating 9-O and 7,9-O-acetylation of Neu5Ac, via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, a functional group that is absent from Sias on many types of cancer cells. The two genes that are responsible for regulating the level of acetylation on Neu5Ac, are Sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) and Sialic acid acetyltransferase (CASD1). These genes modulated Siglec binding in colon, lung, and a non-cancerous kidney cell line. In the absence of SIAE, Neu5Ac is acetylated, engagement of cancer associated Siglecs is reduced while binding was increased when the ability to acetylate was removed via CASD1 knock out. In the absence of SIAE NK mediated cytotoxicity increased in both colon and lung cancer cells. In addition to modulating Siglec binding, SIAE expression modulates the level of Sias in a cell, and the α2-6-linkage of Sias - which is specifically upregulated and associated with cancers. Uncovering how functional group alterations on Neu5Ac contribute mechanistically to both Siglec receptor binding, the Sia-Siglec immune evasion pathway, and the production of cancer associated glycosidic linkages -offers a promising avenue for targeted cancer immune therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Grabenstein
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Karen N Barnard
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109
| | - Mathias Anim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Albert Armoo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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23
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Barnard KN, Wasik BR, Alford BK, Hayward JJ, Weichert WS, Voorhees IEH, Holmes EC, Parrish CR. Sequence dynamics of three influenza A virus strains grown in different MDCK cell lines, including those expressing different sialic acid receptors. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1878-1900. [PMID: 34114711 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are often cultured in cell lines for research and vaccine development, and those often differ from the natural hosts or tissues. Cell lines can also differ in the presence of virus receptors, such as the sialic acid (Sia) receptors used by influenza A viruses (IAV), which can vary in linkage (α2,3- or α2,6-linkage) and form (N-glycolylneuraminic acid [Neu5Gc] or N-acetylneuraminic acid [Neu5Ac]). The selective pressures resulting from passaging viruses in cell types with host-specific variations in viral receptors are still only partially understood. IAV are commonly cultured in MDCK cells which are both derived from canine kidney tubule epithelium and inherently heterogeneous. MDCK cells naturally present Neu5Ac and α2,3-linked Sia forms. Here, we examine natural MDCK variant lineages, as well as engineered variants that synthesize Neu5Gc and/or α2,6-linkages. We determined how viral genetic variation occurred within human H3N2, H1N1 pandemic and canine H3N2 IAV populations when serially passaged in MDCK cell lines that vary in cell type (MDCK-Type I or MDCK-Type II clones) and in Sia display. Deep sequencing of viral genomes showed small numbers of consensus-level mutations, mostly within the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Both human IAV showed variants in the HA stem and the HA receptor-binding site of populations passaged in cells displaying Neu5Gc. Canine H3N2 showed variants near the receptor-binding site when passaged in cells displaying Neu5Gc or α2,6-linkages. Viruses replicated to low titres in MDCK-Type II cells, suggesting that not all cell types in heterogeneous MDCK cell populations are equally permissive to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N Barnard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brynn K Alford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jessica J Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ian E H Voorhees
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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24
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Goetschius DJ, Hartmann SR, Organtini LJ, Callaway H, Huang K, Bator CM, Ashley RE, Makhov AM, Conway JF, Parrish CR, Hafenstein SL. High-resolution asymmetric structure of a Fab-virus complex reveals overlap with the receptor binding site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2025452118. [PMID: 34074770 PMCID: PMC8201801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025452118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus is an important pathogen causing severe diseases in dogs, including acute hemorrhagic enteritis, myocarditis, and cerebellar disease. Overlap on the surface of parvovirus capsids between the antigenic epitope and the receptor binding site has contributed to cross-species transmission, giving rise to closely related variants. It has been shown that Mab 14 strongly binds and neutralizes canine but not feline parvovirus, suggesting this antigenic site also controls species-specific receptor binding. To visualize the conformational epitope at high resolution, we solved the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Fab-virus complex. We also created custom software, Icosahedral Subparticle Extraction and Correlated Classification, to solve a Fab-virus complex with only a few Fab bound per capsid and visualize local structures of the Fab-bound and -unbound antigenic sites extracted from the same complex map. Our results identified the antigenic epitope that had significant overlap with the receptor binding site, and the structures revealed that binding of Fab induced conformational changes to the virus. We were also able to assign the order and position of attached Fabs to allow assessment of complementarity between the Fabs bound to different positions. This approach therefore provides a method for using cryo-EM to investigate complementarity of antibody binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Goetschius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Samantha R Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Lindsey J Organtini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Heather Callaway
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Kai Huang
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Carol M Bator
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Robert E Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Alexander M Makhov
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - James F Conway
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Susan L Hafenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
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25
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Abstract
Influenza virus infections of carnivores-primarily in dogs and in large and small cats-have been repeatedly observed to be caused by a number of direct spillovers of avian viruses or in infections by human or swine viruses. In addition, there have also been prolonged epizootics of an H3N8 equine influenza virus in dogs starting around 1999, of an H3N2 avian influenza virus in domestic dog populations in Asia and in the United States that started around 2004, and an outbreak of an avian H7N2 influenza virus among cats in an animal shelter in the United States in 2016. The impact of influenza viruses in domesticated companion animals and their zoonotic or panzootic potential poses significant questions for veterinary and human health.
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26
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Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alioto D, Alkhovsky SV, Amarasinghe GK, Anthony SJ, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Bartonička T, Basler C, Bavari S, Beer M, Bente DA, Bergeron É, Bird BH, Blair C, Blasdell KR, Bradfute SB, Breyta R, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Buzkan N, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chamberlain J, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Chen B, Chiumenti M, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, Crozier I, da Graça JV, Dal Bó E, Dávila AMR, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, de Swart RL, Di Bello PL, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Dolnik O, Drebot MA, Drexler JF, Dürrwald R, Dufkova L, Dundon WG, Duprex WP, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Fernandes J, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Forth LF, Fouchier RAM, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Gāo GF, García ML, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gbakima A, Goldstein T, Gonzalez JPJ, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther S, Guterres A, Hall RA, Hammond J, Hassan M, Hepojoki J, Hepojoki S, Hetzel U, Hewson R, Hoffmann B, Hongo S, Höper D, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hyndman TH, Jambai A, Jardim R, Jiāng D, Jin Q, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Karadağ S, Keller KE, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kobinger G, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Kuzmin IV, Laenen L, Lamb RA, Lambert AJ, Langevin SL, Lee B, Lemos ERS, Leroy EM, Li D, Lǐ J, Liang M, Liú W, Liú Y, Lukashevich IS, Maes P, Marciel de Souza W, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Marzano SYL, Massart S, McCauley JW, Mielke-Ehret N, Minafra A, Minutolo M, Mirazimi A, Mühlbach HP, Mühlberger E, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Nylund A, Økland AL, Oliveira RC, Palacios G, Pallas V, Pályi B, Papa A, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Payne S, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Radoshitzky SR, Rahman AU, Ramos-González PL, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Robles Luna G, Rota P, Rubbenstroth D, Runstadler JA, Ruzek D, Sabanadzovic S, Salát J, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sarpkaya K, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Shabbir MZ, Shí X, Shí Z, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Širmarová J, Sironi M, Smither S, Smura T, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Straková P, Takada A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Turina M, Tzanetakis I, Ulrich RG, Vaira AM, van den Hoogen B, Varsani A, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Wang H, Wang J, Wang X, Wang LF, Wèi T, Wells H, Whitfield AE, Williams JV, Wolf YI, Wú Z, Yang X, Yáng X, Yu X, Yutin N, Zerbini FM, Zhang T, Zhang YZ, Zhou G, Zhou X. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol 2020; 165:3023-3072. [PMID: 32888050 PMCID: PMC7606449 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Daniela Alioto
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simon J Anthony
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - María A Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Tomáš Bartonička
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Edge BioInnovation Consulting and Mgt, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- School of Veterinary Medicine, One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Breyta
- US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul A Brown
- Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ursula J Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, The University of Texas, Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nihal Buzkan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Avsar Campus, 46060, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400712, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Chamberlain
- Virology and Pathogenesis Group, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Biao Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Michela Chiumenti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - Il-Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - John V da Graça
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alberto M R Dávila
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L Di Bello
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Valerian V Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Leonie F Forth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aiah Gbakima
- Metabiota, Inc. Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Centaurus Biotechnologies, CTP, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Satu Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Mobidiag Ltd, Espoo, Finland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zuerich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Seiji Hongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Timothy H Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amara Jambai
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Rodrigo Jardim
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gilda B Jonson
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Serpil Karadağ
- Republic Of Turkey Ministry Of Agriculture And Forestry, Pistachio Research Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Karen E Keller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Archaeal Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan V Kuzmin
- US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Ames, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert A Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elba R S Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eric M Leroy
- MIVEGEC (IRD-CNRS-Montpellier university) Unit, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Dexin Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mifang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, NHFPC, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wénwén Liú
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yàn Liú
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Giovanni P Martelli
- Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Robert R Martin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Shin-Yi L Marzano
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Sébastien Massart
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Angelantonio Minafra
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Tomohide Natsuaki
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante-Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche (Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-National Research Council), Bari, Italy
| | - José A Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Are Nylund
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnfinn L Økland
- Fish Disease Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Renata C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vicente Pallas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bernadett Pályi
- National Biosafety Laboratory, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Colin R Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences and Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Susan Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel R Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Aziz-Ul Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bertus K Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científico Tecnológico-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Robles Luna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paul Rota
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jiří Salát
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamil Sarpkaya
- Department of Forestry Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Karabuk University (UNIKA), Karabük, Turkey
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Z Shabbir
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhènglì Shí
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | | | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences (inFront), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, WHO Collaborative Centre for Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers and Arboviruses, OIE Reference Laboratory for RVFV and CCHFV, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Ioannis Tzanetakis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), 73 Strada delle Cacce, 10135, Turin, Italy
| | - Bernadette van den Hoogen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Heather Wells
- Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John V Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhìqiáng Wú
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, IPB, CAMS, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xīnglóu Yáng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Yu
- Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Natalya Yutin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mitchell PK, Cronk BD, Voorhees IEH, Rothenheber D, Anderson RR, Chan TH, Wasik BR, Dubovi EJ, Parrish CR, Goodman LB. Method comparison of targeted influenza A virus typing and whole-genome sequencing from respiratory specimens of companion animals. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:191-201. [PMID: 33234046 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720933875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics of H3N8 and H3N2 influenza A viruses (IAVs) in dogs, along with recognition of spillover infections from IAV strains typically found in humans or other animals, have emphasized the importance of efficient laboratory testing. Given the lack of active IAV surveillance or immunization requirements for dogs, cats, or horses imported into the United States, serotype prediction and whole-genome sequencing of positive specimens detected at veterinary diagnostic laboratories are also needed. The conserved sequences at the ends of the viral genome segments facilitate universal amplification of all segments of viral genomes directly from respiratory specimens. Although several methods for genomic analysis have been reported, no optimization focusing on companion animal strains has been described, to our knowledge. We compared 2 sets of published universal amplification primers using 26 IAV-positive specimens from dogs, horses, and a cat. Libraries prepared from the resulting amplicons were sequenced using Illumina chemistry, and reference-based assemblies were generated from the data produced by both methods. Although both methods produced high-quality data, coverage profiles and base calling differed between the 2 methods. The sequence data were also used to identify the subtype of the IAV strains sequenced and then compared to standard PCR assays for neuraminidase types N2 and N8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Mitchell
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Brittany D Cronk
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Ian E H Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Derek Rothenheber
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Renee R Anderson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Timothy H Chan
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Edward J Dubovi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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28
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Wünschmann A, Lopez-Astacio R, Armién AG, Reed L, Parrish CR. Parvovirus-induced encephalitis in a juvenile raccoon. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 33:140-143. [PMID: 33100176 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720967381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A juvenile raccoon was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs. At postmortem examination, no significant gross lesions were present. Histologic evaluation demonstrated nonsuppurative encephalitis in thalamus, brainstem, and hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, as well as poliomyelitis and demyelination of the spinal cord. Parvovirus antigen-specific immunohistochemistry revealed immunopositive neurons in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. A few Purkinje cells were also immunopositive. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue (thalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex) yielded a positive signal using PCR targeting both feline and canine parvovirus. Sequencing analyses from a fragment of the NS1 gene and a portion of the VP2 gene confirmed the presence of DNA of a recent canine parvovirus variant (CPV-2a-like virus) in the cerebellum. Our case provides evidence that a recent canine parvovirus (CPV) strain (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) can infect cerebral and diencephalic neurons and cause encephalitis in an otherwise healthy raccoon. Parvovirus-induced encephalitis is a differential diagnosis of rabies and canine distemper in raccoons with neurologic signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wünschmann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine/Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Robert Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Aníbal G Armién
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine/Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, Davis, CA
| | - Leslie Reed
- Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Minnesota, Roseville, MN
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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29
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Wünschmann A, Lopez-Astacio R, Armien AG, Parrish CR. Cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia in a juvenile raccoon with parvoviral infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:463-466. [PMID: 32404029 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720912229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A juvenile raccoon (Procyon lotor) was submitted dead to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for rabies testing without history. The animal had marked hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Histology demonstrated that most folia lacked granule cells and had randomly misplaced Purkinje cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of parvoviral antigen in a few neurons and cell processes. PCR targeting feline and canine parvovirus yielded a positive signal. Sequencing analyses from a fragment of the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) gene and a portion of the viral capsid protein 2 (VP2) gene confirmed the presence of DNA of a recent canine parvovirus variant (CPV-2a-like virus) in the cerebellum. Our study provides evidence that (canine) parvovirus may be associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia in raccoons, similar to the disease that occurs naturally and has been reproduced experimentally by feline parvoviral infection of pregnant cats, with subsequent intrauterine or neonatal infections of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wünschmann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine/Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann, Armien).,Baker Institute of Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lopez-Astacio, Parrish)
| | - Robert Lopez-Astacio
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine/Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann, Armien).,Baker Institute of Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lopez-Astacio, Parrish)
| | - Anibal G Armien
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine/Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann, Armien).,Baker Institute of Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lopez-Astacio, Parrish)
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine/Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN (Wünschmann, Armien).,Baker Institute of Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Lopez-Astacio, Parrish)
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30
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Barnard KN, Alford-Lawrence BK, Buchholz DW, Wasik BR, LaClair JR, Yu H, Honce R, Ruhl S, Pajic P, Daugherity EK, Chen X, Schultz-Cherry SL, Aguilar HC, Varki A, Parrish CR. Modified Sialic Acids on Mucus and Erythrocytes Inhibit Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Functions. J Virol 2020; 94:e01567-19. [PMID: 32051275 PMCID: PMC7163148 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01567-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sia) are the primary receptors for influenza viruses and are widely displayed on cell surfaces and in secreted mucus. Sia may be present in variant forms that include O-acetyl modifications at C-4, C-7, C-8, and C-9 positions and N-acetyl or N-glycolyl at C-5. They can also vary in their linkages, including α2-3 or α2-6 linkages. Here, we analyze the distribution of modified Sia in cells and tissues of wild-type mice or in mice lacking CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) enzyme, which synthesizes N-glycolyl (Neu5Gc) modifications. We also examined the variation of Sia forms on erythrocytes and in saliva from different animals. To determine the effect of Sia modifications on influenza A virus (IAV) infection, we tested for effects on hemagglutinin (HA) binding and neuraminidase (NA) cleavage. We confirmed that 9-O-acetyl, 7,9-O-acetyl, 4-O-acetyl, and Neu5Gc modifications are widely but variably expressed in mouse tissues, with the highest levels detected in the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Secreted mucins in saliva and surface proteins of erythrocytes showed a high degree of variability in display of modified Sia between different species. IAV HAs from different virus strains showed consistently reduced binding to both Neu5Gc- and O-acetyl-modified Sia; however, while IAV NAs were inhibited by Neu5Gc and O-acetyl modifications, there was significant variability between NA types. The modifications of Sia in mucus may therefore have potent effects on the functions of IAV and may affect both pathogens and the normal flora of different mucosal sites.IMPORTANCE Sialic acids (Sia) are involved in numerous different cellular functions and are receptors for many pathogens. Sia come in chemically modified forms, but we lack a clear understanding of how they alter interactions with microbes. Here, we examine the expression of modified Sia in mouse tissues, on secreted mucus in saliva, and on erythrocytes, including those from IAV host species and animals used in IAV research. These Sia forms varied considerably among different animals, and their inhibitory effects on IAV NA and HA activities and on bacterial sialidases (neuraminidases) suggest a host-variable protective role in secreted mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brynn K Alford-Lawrence
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David W Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Justin R LaClair
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefan Ruhl
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Petar Pajic
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Erin K Daugherity
- Center for Animal Resources and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stacey L Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Martinez-Sobrido L, Blanco-Lobo P, Rodriguez L, Fitzgerald T, Zhang H, Nguyen P, Anderson CS, Holden-Wiltse J, Bandyopadhyay S, Nogales A, DeDiego ML, Wasik BR, Miller BL, Henry C, Wilson PC, Sangster MY, Treanor JJ, Topham DJ, Byrd-Leotis L, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD, Luczo JM, Tompkins SM, Sakamoto K, Jones CA, Steel J, Lowen AC, Danzy S, Tao H, Fink AL, Klein SL, Wohlgemuth N, Fenstermacher KJ, el Najjar F, Pekosz A, Sauer L, Lewis MK, Shaw-Saliba K, Rothman RE, Liu ZY, Chen KF, Parrish CR, Voorhees IEH, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Chiba S, Fan S, Hatta M, Kong H, Zhong G, Wang G, Uccellini MB, García-Sastre A, Perez DR, Ferreri LM, Herfst S, Richard M, Fouchier R, Burke D, Pattinson D, Smith DJ, Meliopoulos V, Freiden P, Livingston B, Sharp B, Cherry S, Dib JC, Yang G, Russell CJ, Barman S, Webby RJ, Krauss S, Danner A, Woodard K, Peiris M, Perera RAPM, Chan MCW, Govorkova EA, Marathe BM, Pascua PNQ, Smith G, Li YT, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008409. [PMID: 32287326 PMCID: PMC7182277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions of respiratory infections in dogs in the United States. While no human infections with CIVs have been reported to date, these viruses could pose a zoonotic risk. In these studies, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network collaboratively demonstrated that CIVs replicated in some primary human cells and transmitted effectively in mammalian models. While people born after 1970 had little or no pre-existing humoral immunity against CIVs, the viruses were sensitive to existing antivirals and we identified a panel of H3 cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value. Our data predict these CIVs posed a low risk to humans. Importantly, we showed that the CEIRS network could work together to provide basic research information important for characterizing emerging influenza viruses, although there were valuable lessons learned.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/veterinary
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Dog Diseases/transmission
- Dog Diseases/virology
- Dogs
- Ferrets
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A virus/classification
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- United States
- Zoonoses/transmission
- Zoonoses/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Pilar Blanco-Lobo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Theresa Fitzgerald
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Anderson
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta L. DeDiego
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Carole Henry
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark Y. Sangster
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John J. Treanor
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Steinhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jasmina M. Luczo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Jones
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Steel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shamika Danzy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. Fenstermacher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Farah el Najjar
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren Sauer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mitra K. Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhen-Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ian E. H. Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shiho Chiba
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shufang Fan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Masato Hatta
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Huihui Kong
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gongxun Zhong
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa B. Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Burke
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Pattinson
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sean Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos Dib
- Tropical Health Foundation, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia
| | - Guohua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Subrata Barman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angela Danner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Karlie Woodard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China
| | - R. A. P. M. Perera
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China
| | - M. C. W. Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China
| | - Elena A. Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bindumadhav M. Marathe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Philippe N. Q. Pascua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gavin Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yao-Tsun Li
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Nguyen T, Lee S, Yang YA, Ahn C, Sim JH, Kei TG, Barnard KN, Yu H, Millano SK, Chen X, Parrish CR, Song J. The role of 9-O-acetylated glycan receptor moieties in the typhoid toxin binding and intoxication. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008336. [PMID: 32084237 PMCID: PMC7055914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Typhoid toxin is an A2B5 toxin secreted from Salmonella Typhi-infected cells during human infection and is suggested to contribute to typhoid disease progression and the establishment of chronic infection. To deliver the enzymatic 'A' subunits of the toxin to the site of action in host cells, the receptor-binding 'B' subunit PltB binds to the trisaccharide glycan receptor moieties terminated in N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) that is α2-3 or α2-6 linked to the underlying disaccharide, galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Neu5Ac is present in both unmodified and modified forms, with 9-O-acetylated Neu5Ac being the most common modification in humans. Here we show that host cells associated with typhoid toxin-mediated clinical signs express both unmodified and 9-O-acetylated glycan receptor moieties. We found that PltB binds to 9-O-acetylated α2-3 glycan receptor moieties with a markedly increased affinity, while the binding affinity to 9-O-acetylated α2-6 glycans is only slightly higher, as compared to the affinities of PltB to the unmodified counterparts, respectively. We also present X-ray co-crystal structures of PltB bound to related glycan moieties, which supports the different effects of 9-O-acetylated α2-3 and α2-6 glycan receptor moieties on the toxin binding. Lastly, we demonstrate that the cells exclusively expressing unmodified glycan receptor moieties are less susceptible to typhoid toxin than the cells expressing 9-O-acetylated counterparts, although typhoid toxin intoxicates both cells. These results reveal a fine-tuning mechanism of a bacterial toxin that exploits specific chemical modifications of its glycan receptor moieties for virulence and provide useful insights into the development of therapeutics against typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sohyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yi-An Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Changhwan Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ji Hyun Sim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany G. Kei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen N. Barnard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn K. Millano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeongmin Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Barnard KN, Wasik BR, LaClair JR, Buchholz DW, Weichert WS, Alford-Lawrence BK, Aguilar HC, Parrish CR. Expression of 9- O- and 7,9- O-Acetyl Modified Sialic Acid in Cells and Their Effects on Influenza Viruses. mBio 2019; 10:e02490-19. [PMID: 31796537 PMCID: PMC6890989 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02490-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sia) are widely displayed on the surfaces of cells and tissues. Sia come in a variety of chemically modified forms, including those with acetyl modifications at the C-7, C-8, and C-9 positions. Here, we analyzed the distribution and amounts of these acetyl modifications in different human and canine cells. Since Sia or their variant forms are receptors for influenza A, B, C, and D viruses, we examined the effects of these modifications on virus infections. We confirmed that 9-O-acetyl and 7,9-O-acetyl modified Sia are widely but variably expressed across cell lines from both humans and canines. Although they were expressed on the cell surfaces of canine MDCK cell lines, they were located primarily within the Golgi compartment of human HEK-293 and A549 cells. The O-acetyl modified Sia were expressed at low levels of 1 to 2% of total Sia in these cell lines. We knocked out and overexpressed the sialate O-acetyltransferase gene (CasD1) and knocked out the sialate O-acetylesterase gene (SIAE) using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. Knocking out CasD1 removed 7,9-O- and 9-O-acetyl Sia expression, confirming previous reports. However, overexpression of CasD1 and knockout of SIAE gave only modest increases in 9-O-acetyl levels in cells and no change in 7,9-O-acetyl levels, indicating that there are complex regulations of these modifications. These modifications were essential for influenza C and D infection but had no obvious effect on influenza A and B infection.IMPORTANCE Sialic acids are key glycans that are involved in many different normal cellular functions, as well as being receptors for many pathogens. However, Sia come in diverse chemically modified forms. Here, we examined and manipulated the expression of 7,9-O- and 9-O-acetyl modified Sia on cells commonly used in influenza virus and other research by engineering the enzymes that produce or remove the acetyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Justin R LaClair
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David W Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brynn K Alford-Lawrence
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Wasik BR, Voorhees IEH, Barnard KN, Alford-Lawrence BK, Weichert WS, Hood G, Nogales A, Martínez-Sobrido L, Holmes EC, Parrish CR. Influenza Viruses in Mice: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Serial Passage and Effects of Sialic Acid Structural Variation. J Virol 2019; 93:e01039-19. [PMID: 31511393 PMCID: PMC6854484 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01039-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses have regularly jumped to new host species to cause epidemics or pandemics, an evolutionary process that involves variation in the viral traits necessary to overcome host barriers and facilitate transmission. Mice are not a natural host for influenza virus but are frequently used as models in studies of pathogenesis, often after multiple passages to achieve higher viral titers that result in clinical disease such as weight loss or death. Here, we examine the processes of influenza A virus infection and evolution in mice by comparing single nucleotide variations of a human H1N1 pandemic virus, a seasonal H3N2 virus, and an H3N2 canine influenza virus during experimental passage. We also compared replication and sequence variation in wild-type mice expressing N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) with those seen in mice expressing only N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Viruses derived from plasmids were propagated in MDCK cells and then passaged in mice up to four times. Full-genome deep sequencing of the plasmids, cultured viruses, and viruses from mice at various passages revealed only small numbers of mutational changes. The H3N2 canine influenza virus showed increases in frequency of sporadic mutations in the PB2, PA, and NA segments. The H1N1 pandemic virus grew well in mice, and while it exhibited the maintenance of some minority mutations, there was no clear evidence for adaptive evolution. The H3N2 seasonal virus did not establish in the mice. Finally, there were no clear sequence differences associated with the presence or absence of Neu5Gc.IMPORTANCE Mice are commonly used as a model to study the growth and virulence of influenza A viruses in mammals but are not a natural host and have distinct sialic acid receptor profiles compared to humans. Using experimental infections with different subtypes of influenza A virus derived from different hosts, we found that evolution of influenza A virus in mice did not necessarily proceed through the linear accumulation of host-adaptive mutations, that there was variation in the patterns of mutations detected in each repetition, and that the mutation dynamics depended on the virus examined. In addition, variation in the viral receptor, sialic acid, did not affect influenza virus evolution in this model. Overall, our results show that while mice provide a useful animal model for influenza virus pathology, host passage evolution will vary depending on the specific virus tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ian E H Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen N Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brynn K Alford-Lawrence
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Wendy S Weichert
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Grace Hood
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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35
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Wasik BR, de Wit E, Munster V, Lloyd-Smith JO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Parrish CR. Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190017. [PMID: 31401954 PMCID: PMC6711314 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical step in the emergence of a new epidemic or pandemic viral pathogen occurs after it infects the initial spillover host and then is successfully transmitted onwards, causing an outbreak chain of transmission within that new host population. Crossing these choke points sets a pathogen on the pathway to epidemic emergence. While many viruses spill over to infect new or alternative hosts, only a few accomplish this transition—and the reasons for the success of those pathogens are still unclear. Here, we consider this issue related to the emergence of animal viruses, where factors involved likely include the ability to efficiently infect the new animal host, the demographic features of the initial population that favour onward transmission, the level of shedding and degree of susceptibility of individuals of that population, along with pathogen evolution favouring increased replication and more efficient transmission among the new host individuals. A related form of emergence involves mutations that increased spread or virulence of an already-known virus within its usual host. In all of these cases, emergence may be due to altered viral properties, changes in the size or structure of the host populations, ease of transport, climate change or, in the case of arboviruses, to the expansion of the arthropod vectors. Here, we focus on three examples of viruses that have gained efficient onward transmission after spillover: influenza A viruses that are respiratory transmitted, HIV, a retrovirus, that is mostly blood or mucosal transmitted, and canine parvovirus that is faecal:oral transmitted. We describe our current understanding of the changes in the viruses that allowed them to overcome the barriers that prevented efficient replication and spread in their new hosts. We also briefly outline how we could gain a better understanding of the mechanisms and variability in order to better anticipate these events in the future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Vincent Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - James O Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 9095-7239, USA.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Goetschius DJ, Parrish CR, Hafenstein S. Asymmetry in icosahedral viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 36:67-73. [PMID: 31255982 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although icosahedral viruses have obvious and highly symmetrical features, asymmetric structural elements are also present. Asymmetric features may be inherent since the genome and location of minor capsid proteins are typically incorporated without adhering to icosahedral symmetry. Asymmetry also develops during the virus life cycle in order to accomplish key functions such as genome packaging, release, and organization. However, resolving asymmetric features complicates image processing during single-particle cryoEM analysis. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding asymmetric structural features with specific examples drawn from members of picornaviridae, parvoviradae, microviradae, and leviviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Goetschius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, W231 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Susan Hafenstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, W231 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
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Bensing BA, Li L, Yakovenko O, Wong M, Barnard KN, Iverson TM, Lebrilla CB, Parrish CR, Thomas WE, Xiong Y, Sullam PM. Recognition of specific sialoglycan structures by oral streptococci impacts the severity of endocardial infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007896. [PMID: 31233555 PMCID: PMC6611644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis are primary colonizers of the tooth surface. Although generally non-pathogenic in the oral environment, they are a frequent cause of infective endocarditis. Both streptococcal species express a serine-rich repeat surface adhesin that mediates attachment to sialylated glycans on mucin-like glycoproteins, but the specific sialoglycan structures recognized can vary from strain to strain. Previous studies have shown that sialoglycan binding is clearly important for aortic valve infections caused by some S. gordonii, but this process did not contribute to the virulence of a strain of S. sanguinis. However, these streptococci can bind to different subsets of sialoglycan structures. Here we generated isogenic strains of S. gordonii that differ only in the type and range of sialoglycan structures to which they adhere and examined whether this rendered them more or less virulent in a rat model of endocarditis. The findings indicate that the recognition of specific sialoglycans can either enhance or diminish pathogenicity. Binding to sialyllactosamine reduces the initial colonization of mechanically-damaged aortic valves, whereas binding to the closely-related trisaccharide sialyl T-antigen promotes higher bacterial densities in valve tissue 72 hours later. A surprising finding was that the initial attachment of streptococci to aortic valves was inversely proportional to the affinity of each strain for platelets, suggesting that binding to platelets circulating in the blood may divert bacteria away from the endocardial surface. Importantly, we found that human and rat platelet GPIbα (the major receptor for S. gordonii and S. sanguinis on platelets) display similar O-glycan structures, comprised mainly of a di-sialylated core 2 hexasaccharide, although the rat GPIbα has a more heterogenous composition of modified sialic acids. The combined results suggest that streptococcal interaction with a minor O-glycan on GPIbα may be more important than the over-all affinity for GPIbα for pathogenic effects. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infection of heart valves, and streptococci that normally reside in the mouth are a leading cause of this disease. Some oral streptococcal species express a protein on their surface that enables attachment to glycan (sugar) modifications on saliva proteins, an interaction that may be important for colonization of the tooth and other oral surfaces. These "Siglec-like adhesins" are hypervariable in the type and number of glycan structures they bind, ranging from just one to more than six of the structures displayed on the saliva proteins. If streptococci enter into the bloodstream, the Siglec-like adhesin can mediate attachment to similar glycans that decorate platelet or plasma proteins, which can impact the overall virulence of the organism. This study highlights how recognition of a specific type of glycan structure can cause a generally beneficial or neutral microbe to create damage to specific tissues—in this case the heart valves, illustrating one means by which commensal bacteria can become opportunistic or accidental pathogens. The findings further indicate that certain glycan-binding streptococci among the oral microbiota may be predisposed to produce infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Liang Li
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Olga Yakovenko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen N. Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - T. M. Iverson
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Wendy E. Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yan Xiong
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Sullam
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Callaway HM, Subramanian S, Urbina CA, Barnard KN, Dick RA, Bator CM, Hafenstein SL, Gifford RJ, Parrish CR. Examination and Reconstruction of Three Ancient Endogenous Parvovirus Capsid Protein Gene Remnants Found in Rodent Genomes. J Virol 2019; 93:e01542-18. [PMID: 30626673 PMCID: PMC6401472 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01542-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus-derived endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been found in the genomes of many different animal species, resulting from integration events that may have occurred from more than 50 million years ago to much more recently. Here, we further investigate the properties of autonomous parvovirus EVEs and describe their relationships to contemporary viruses. While we did not find any intact capsid protein open reading frames in the integrated viral sequences, we examined three EVEs that were repaired to form full-length sequences with relatively few changes. These sequences were found in the genomes of Rattus norvegicus (brown rat), Mus spretus (Algerian mouse), and Apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse). The R. norvegicus sequence was not present in the genomes of the closely related species R. rattus, R. tanezumi, R. exulans, and R. everetti, indicating that it was less than 2 million years old, and the M. spretus and A. sylvaticus sequences were not found in the published genomes of other mouse species, also indicating relatively recent insertions. The M. spretus VP2 sequence assembled into capsids, which had high thermal stability, bound the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid, and entered murine L cells. The 3.89-Å structure of the M. spretus virus-like particles (VLPs), determined using cryo-electron microscopy, showed similarities to rodent and porcine parvovirus capsids. The repaired VP2 sequences from R. norvegicus and A. sylvaticus did not assemble as first prepared, but chimeras combining capsid surface loops from R. norvegicus with canine parvovirus assembled, allowing some of that capsid's structures and functions to be examined.IMPORTANCE Parvovirus endogenous viral elements (EVEs) that have been incorporated into the genomes of different animals represent remnants of the DNA sequences of ancient viruses that infected the ancestors of those animals millions of years ago, but we know little about their properties or how they differ from currently circulating parvoviruses. By expressing the capsid proteins of different parvovirus EVEs that were found integrated into the genomes of three different rodents, we can examine their structures and functions. A VP2 (major capsid protein) EVE sequence from a mouse genome assembled into capsids that had a similar structure and biophysical properties to extant parvoviruses and also bound sialic acids and entered rodent cells. Chimeras formed from combinations of canine parvovirus and portions of the parvovirus sequences from the brown rat genome allowed us to examine the structures and functions of the surface loops of that EVE capsid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Callaway
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Suriyasri Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christian A Urbina
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen N Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert A Dick
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Carol M Bator
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan L Hafenstein
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Gifford
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Dunbar CA, Callaway HM, Parrish CR, Jarrold MF. Probing Antibody Binding to Canine Parvovirus with Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15701-15711. [PMID: 30398860 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are many techniques for monitoring and measuring the interactions between proteins and ligands. Most of these techniques are ensemble methods that can provide association constants and in some cases stoichiometry. Here we use charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a single particle technique, to probe the interactions of antigen binding fragments (Fabs) from a series of antibodies with the canine parvovirus (CPV) capsid. In addition to providing the average number of bound Fabs as a function of Fab concentration (i.e., the binding curve), CDMS measurements provide information about the distribution of bound Fabs. We show that the distribution of bound ligands is much better at distinguishing between different binding models than the binding curve. The binding of Fab E to CPV is a textbook example. A maximum of 60 Fabs bind and the results are consistent with a model where all sites have the same binding affinity. However, for Fabs B, F, and 14, the distributions can only be fit by a model where there are distinct virus subpopulations with different binding affinities. This behavior can be distinguished from a situation where all CPV particles are identical, and each particle has the same distribution of sites with different binding affinities. The different responses to viral heterogeneity can be traced to the Fab binding sites. A comparison of Fab binding to new and aged CPV capsids reveals that a post-translational modification at the binding site for Fab E (M569) probably reduces the binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Heather M Callaway
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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Abstract
Roediger et al. (2018) demonstrate that a kidney disease characterized by apparently spontaneous nephropathy that had been recognized in laboratory mice for many years is caused by a newly recognized virus named the mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV). That virus appears to be widespread in mouse colonies as it is not detected by current diagnostic tools, and its recognition presents new opportunities for understanding the pathology of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Voorhees IEH, Dalziel BD, Glaser A, Dubovi EJ, Murcia PR, Newbury S, Toohey-Kurth K, Su S, Kriti D, Van Bakel H, Goodman LB, Leutenegger C, Holmes EC, Parrish CR. Multiple Incursions and Recurrent Epidemic Fade-Out of H3N2 Canine Influenza A Virus in the United States. J Virol 2018; 92:e00323-18. [PMID: 29875234 PMCID: PMC6069211 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00323-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) transferred to dogs in Asia around 2005, becoming enzootic throughout China and South Korea before reaching the United States in early 2015. To understand the posttransfer evolution and epidemiology of this virus, particularly the cause of recent and ongoing increases in incidence in the United States, we performed an integrated analysis of whole-genome sequence data from 64 newly sequenced viruses and comprehensive surveillance data. This revealed that the circulation of H3N2 CIV within the United States is typified by recurrent epidemic burst-fade-out dynamics driven by multiple introductions of virus from Asia. Although all major viral lineages displayed similar rates of genomic sequence evolution, H3N2 CIV consistently exhibited proportionally more nonsynonymous substitutions per site than those in avian reservoir viruses, which is indicative of a large-scale change in selection pressures. Despite these genotypic differences, we found no evidence of adaptive evolution or increased viral transmission, with epidemiological models indicating a basic reproductive number, R0, of between 1 and 1.5 across nearly all U.S. outbreaks, consistent with maintained but heterogeneous circulation. We propose that CIV's mode of viral circulation may have resulted in evolutionary cul-de-sacs, in which there is little opportunity for the selection of the more transmissible H3N2 CIV phenotypes necessary to enable circulation through a general dog population characterized by widespread contact heterogeneity. CIV must therefore rely on metapopulations of high host density (such as animal shelters and kennels) within the greater dog population and reintroduction from other populations or face complete epidemic extinction.IMPORTANCE The relatively recent appearance of influenza A virus (IAV) epidemics in dogs expands our understanding of IAV host range and ecology, providing useful and relevant models for understanding critical factors involved in viral emergence. Here we integrate viral whole-genome sequence analysis and comprehensive surveillance data to examine the evolution of the emerging avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV), particularly the factors driving ongoing circulation and recent increases in incidence of the virus within the United States. Our results provide a detailed understanding of how H3N2 CIV achieves sustained circulation within the United States despite widespread host contact heterogeneity and recurrent epidemic fade-out. Moreover, our findings suggest that the types and intensities of selection pressures an emerging virus experiences are highly dependent on host population structure and ecology and may inhibit an emerging virus from acquiring sustained epidemic or pandemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E H Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin D Dalziel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Amy Glaser
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Edward J Dubovi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Pablo R Murcia
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Newbury
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathy Toohey-Kurth
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shuo Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harm Van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Voorhees IEH, Glaser AL, Toohey-Kurth K, Newbury S, Dalziel BD, Dubovi EJ, Poulsen K, Leutenegger C, Willgert KJE, Brisbane-Cohen L, Richardson-Lopez J, Holmes EC, Parrish CR. Spread of Canine Influenza A(H3N2) Virus, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:1950-1957. [PMID: 28858604 PMCID: PMC5708240 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.170246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A canine influenza A(H3N2) virus emerged in the United States in February–March 2015, causing respiratory disease in dogs. The virus had previously been circulating among dogs in Asia, where it originated through the transfer of an avian-origin influenza virus around 2005 and continues to circulate. Sequence analysis suggests the US outbreak was initiated by a single introduction, in Chicago, of an H3N2 canine influenza virus circulating among dogs in South Korea in 2015. Despite local control measures, the virus has continued circulating among dogs in and around Chicago and has spread to several other areas of the country, particularly Georgia and North Carolina, although these secondary outbreaks appear to have ended within a few months. Some genetic variation has accumulated among the US viruses, with the appearance of regional-temporal lineages. The potential for interspecies transmission and zoonotic events involving this newly emerged influenza A virus is currently unknown.
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Wasik BR, Barnard KN, Ossiboff RJ, Khedri Z, Feng KH, Yu H, Chen X, Perez DR, Varki A, Parrish CR. Distribution of O-Acetylated Sialic Acids among Target Host Tissues for Influenza Virus. mSphere 2017; 2:e00379-16. [PMID: 28904995 PMCID: PMC5588038 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00379-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are important glycans displayed on the cells and tissues of many different animals and are frequent targets for binding and modification by pathogens, including influenza viruses. Influenza virus hemagglutinins bind Sias during the infection of their normal hosts, while the encoded neuraminidases and/or esterases remove or modify the Sia to allow virion release or to prevent rebinding. Sias naturally occur in a variety of modified forms, and modified Sias can alter influenza virus host tropisms through their altered interactions with the viral glycoproteins. However, the distribution of modified Sia forms and their effects on pathogen-host interactions are still poorly understood. Here we used probes developed from viral Sia-binding proteins to detect O-acetylated (4-O-acetyl, 9-O-acetyl, and 7,9-O-acetyl) Sias displayed on the tissues of some natural or experimental hosts for influenza viruses. These modified Sias showed highly variable displays between the hosts and tissues examined. The 9-O-acetyl (and 7,9-) modified Sia forms were found on cells and tissues of many hosts, including mice, humans, ferrets, guinea pigs, pigs, horses, dogs, as well as in those of ducks and embryonated chicken egg tissues and membranes, although in variable amounts. The 4-O-acetyl Sias were found in the respiratory tissues of fewer animals, being primarily displayed in the horse and guinea pig, but were not detected in humans or pigs. The results suggest that these Sia variants may influence virus tropisms by altering and selecting their cell interactions. IMPORTANCE Sialic acids (Sias) are key glycans that control or modulate many normal cell and tissue functions while also interacting with a variety of pathogens, including many different viruses. Sias are naturally displayed in a variety of different forms, with modifications at several positions that can alter their functional interactions with pathogens. In addition, Sias are often modified or removed by enzymes such as host or pathogen esterases or sialidases (neuraminidases), and Sia modifications can alter those enzymatic activities to impact pathogen infections. Sia chemical diversity in different hosts and tissues likely alters the pathogen-host interactions and influences the outcome of infection. Here we explored the display of 4-O-acetyl, 9-O-acetyl, and 7,9-O-acetyl modified Sia forms in some target tissues for influenza virus infection in mice, humans, birds, guinea pigs, ferrets, swine, horses, and dogs, which encompass many natural and laboratory hosts of those viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Karen N. Barnard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robert J. Ossiboff
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zahra Khedri
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kurtis H. Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Abstract
Zoonotic spillover, which is the transmission of a pathogen from a vertebrate animal to a human, presents a global public health burden but is a poorly understood phenomenon. Zoonotic spillover requires several factors to align, including the ecological, epidemiological and behavioural determinants of pathogen exposure, and the within-human factors that affect susceptibility to infection. In this Opinion article, we propose a synthetic framework for animal-to-human transmission that integrates the relevant mechanisms. This framework reveals that all zoonotic pathogens must overcome a hierarchical series of barriers to cause spillover infections in humans. Understanding how these barriers are functionally and quantitatively linked, and how they interact in space and time, will substantially improve our ability to predict or prevent spillover events. This work provides a foundation for transdisciplinary investigation of spillover and synthetic theory on zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina K Plowright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Hamish McCallum
- Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034, USA
| | - Andrea L Graham
- Department of Ecology &Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - James O Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology &Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-7239, USA; and at Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2220, USA
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Rodriguez L, Nogales A, Reilly EC, Topham DJ, Murcia PR, Parrish CR, Martinez Sobrido L. A live-attenuated influenza vaccine for H3N2 canine influenza virus. Virology 2017; 504:96-106. [PMID: 28167384 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine influenza is a contagious respiratory disease in dogs caused by two subtypes (H3N2 and H3N8) of canine influenza virus (CIV). Currently, only inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are available for the prevention of CIVs. Historically, live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have been shown to produce better immunogenicity and protection efficacy than IIVs. Here, we have engineered a CIV H3N2 LAIV by using the internal genes of a previously described CIV H3N8 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) and the surface HA and NA genes of a circulating CIV H3N2 strain. Our findings show that CIV H3N2 LAIV replicates efficiently at low temperature but its replication is impaired at higher temperatures. The CIV H3N2 LAIV was attenuated in vivo but induced better protection efficacy in mice against challenge with wild-type CIV H3N2 than a commercial CIV H3N2 IIV. This is the first description of a LAIV for the prevention of CIV H3N2 in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Emma C Reilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US; David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US; David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US
| | - Pablo R Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Luis Martinez Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US.
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Khedri Z, Xiao A, Yu H, Landig CS, Li W, Diaz S, Wasik BR, Parrish CR, Wang LP, Varki A, Chen X. A Chemical Biology Solution to Problems with Studying Biologically Important but Unstable 9-O-Acetyl Sialic Acids. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:214-224. [PMID: 27936566 PMCID: PMC5704959 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
9-O-Acetylation is a common natural modification on sialic acids (Sias) that terminate many vertebrate glycan chains. This ester group has striking effects on many biological phenomena, including microbe-host interactions, complement action, regulation of immune responses, sialidase action, cellular apoptosis, and tumor immunology. Despite such findings, 9-O-acetyl sialoglycoconjugates have remained largely understudied, primarily because of marked lability of the 9-O-acetyl group to even small pH variations and/or the action of mammalian or microbial esterases. Our current studies involving 9-O-acetylated sialoglycans on glycan microarrays revealed that even the most careful precautions cannot ensure complete stability of the 9-O-acetyl group. We now demonstrate a simple chemical biology solution to many of these problems by substituting the oxygen atom in the ester with a nitrogen atom, resulting in sialic acids with a chemically and biologically stable 9-N-acetyl group. We present an efficient one-pot multienzyme method to synthesize a sialoglycan containing 9-acetamido-9-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac9NAc) and compare it to the one with naturally occurring 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac2). Conformational resemblance of the two molecules was confirmed by computational molecular dynamics simulations. Microarray studies showed that the Neu5Ac9NAc-sialoglycan is a ligand for viruses naturally recognizing Neu5,9Ac2, with a similar affinity but with much improved stability in handling and study. Feeding of Neu5Ac9NAc or Neu5,9Ac2 to mammalian cells resulted in comparable incorporation and surface expression as well as binding to 9-O-acetyl-Sia-specific viruses. However, cells fed with Neu5Ac9NAc remained resistant to viral esterases and showed a slower turnover. This simple approach opens numerous research opportunities that have heretofore proved intractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khedri
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Corinna Susanne Landig
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lee-Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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47
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Nogales A, Huang K, Chauché C, DeDiego ML, Murcia PR, Parrish CR, Martínez-Sobrido L. Canine influenza viruses with modified NS1 proteins for the development of live-attenuated vaccines. Virology 2016; 500:1-10. [PMID: 27750071 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) H3N8 is the causative agent of canine influenza, a common and contagious respiratory disease of dogs. Currently, only inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are available for the prevention of CIV H3N8. However, live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are known to provide better immunogenicity and protection efficacy than IIVs. Influenza NS1 is a virulence factor that offers an attractive target for the preparation of attenuated viruses as LAIVs. Here we generated recombinant H3N8 CIVs containing truncated or a deleted NS1 protein to test their potential as LAIVs. All recombinant viruses were attenuated in mice and showed reduced replication in cultured canine tracheal explants, but were able to confer complete protection against challenge with wild-type CIV H3N8 after a single intranasal immunization. Immunogenicity and protection efficacy was better than that observed with an IIV. This is the first description of a LAIV for the prevention of H3N8 CIV in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Chauché
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marta L DeDiego
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology (CVBI), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Pablo R Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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48
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Wasik BR, Barnard KN, Parrish CR. Effects of Sialic Acid Modifications on Virus Binding and Infection. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:991-1001. [PMID: 27491885 PMCID: PMC5123965 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) are abundantly displayed on the surfaces of vertebrate cells, and particularly on all mucosal surfaces. Sias interact with microbes of many types, and are the targets of specific recognition by many different viruses. They may mediate virus binding and infection of cells, or alternatively can act as decoy receptors that bind virions and block virus infection. These nine-carbon backbone monosaccharides naturally occur in many different modified forms, and are attached to underlying glycans through varied linkages, creating significant diversity in the pathogen receptor forms. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the distribution of modified Sias in different vertebrate hosts, tissues, and cells, their effects on viral pathogens where those have been examined, and outline unresolved questions. Sialic acids (Sias) are components of cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, as well as secreted glycoproteins and milk oligosaccharides. Sias play important roles in cell signaling, development, and host–pathogen interactions. Cellular enzymes can modify Sias, yet how modifications vary between tissues and hosts has not been fully elucidated. Many viruses use Sias as receptors, with different modifications aiding or inhibiting virus infection. How modified Sias influence viral protein evolution and determine host/tissue tropism are poorly understood, and are important areas of research. New advances in molecular glycobiology using pathogen proteins to detect varied forms allows for improved study of modified Sias that have otherwise proven difficult to isolate. This opens new avenues of inquiry for virology, as well as host interactions with bacterial and eukaryotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Karen N Barnard
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Feng KH, Sun M, Iketani S, Holmes EC, Parrish CR. Comparing the functions of equine and canine influenza H3N8 virus PA-X proteins: Suppression of reporter gene expression and modulation of global host gene expression. Virology 2016; 496:138-146. [PMID: 27314620 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The influenza PA-X protein is translated from the PA open reading frame from frameshifting and suppresses cellular gene expression due to its ribonuclease activity. We further defined the functional roles of PA-X by comparing PA-X proteins from two related viruses - equine influenza (EIV) and canine influenza (CIV) H3N8 - that differ in a C-terminal truncation and internal mutations. In vitro reporter gene assays revealed that both proteins were able to suppress gene expression. Interestingly, EIV PA-X demonstrated ~50% greater activity compared to CIV PA-X, and we identified the mutations that caused this difference. We used RNA-seq to evaluate the effects of PA-X on host gene expression after transfection into cultured cells. There were no significant differences in this property between EIV and CIV PA-X proteins, but expression of either resulted in the up-regulation of genes when compared to controls, most notably immunity-related proteins, trafficking proteins, and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis H Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- Computational and Systems Biology 5, Genome Institute of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sho Iketani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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50
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Lee DW, Allison AB, Bacon KB, Parrish CR, Daniel S. Single-Particle Tracking Shows that a Point Mutation in the Carnivore Parvovirus Capsid Switches Binding between Host-Specific Transferrin Receptors. J Virol 2016; 90:4849-53. [PMID: 26889026 PMCID: PMC4836364 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03204-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining how viruses infect new hosts via receptor-binding mechanisms is important for understanding virus emergence. We studied the binding kinetics of canine parvovirus (CPV) variants isolated from raccoons-a newly recognized CPV host-to different carnivore transferrin receptors (TfRs) using single-particle tracking. Our data suggest that CPV may utilize adhesion-strengthening mechanisms during TfR binding and that a single mutation in the viral capsid at VP2 position 300 can profoundly alter receptor binding and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Andrew B Allison
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kaitlyn B Bacon
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Susan Daniel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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