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Matsuoka T, Oya N, Imai A, Sun W, Kitabayashi Y, Akazawa K, Yamada K, Ikeda K, Matoba S, Narumoto J. Intracranial calcifications associated with factors related and unrelated to atherosclerosis in older people: A community dwelling cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30011. [PMID: 38707275 PMCID: PMC11066399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The cause of intracranial calcification is not fully understood. The aim of the current study was to identify factors associated with intracranial calcification and to determine whether these factors differ in calcification of different sites. A total of 404 community-dwelling people aged 65 or older were included in the study. All subjects underwent brain computed tomography (CT), blood tests, and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Intracranial calcifications were scored using CT. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with intracranial calcification, with each calcification score used as a dependent variable. Independent variables included age, gender, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), dyslipidemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking, serum iron, ferritin, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH). Stepwise regression analysis detected male gender as a predictor of pineal gland calcification and intact PTH as a predictor of basal ganglia calcification. Age and lifestyle diseases were identified as predictors of calcification of the falx cerebri, internal carotid arteries, and vertebral arteries. These results indicate that the mechanisms of calcifications of the pineal gland and basal ganglia might differ from that of artery calcification, and that causes of intracranial calcification might be classified using factors that are and are not related to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, NHO Maizuru Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nozomu Oya
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayu Imai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Weiyi Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Akazawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Yamada
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Longevity and Regional Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Longevity and Regional Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jin Narumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Schernhammer ES, Klösch G, Ellinger I, Winkler D, Winkler-Pjrek E, Jordakieva G, Papantoniou K, Strohmaier S, Lell B, Waldhauser F. The history of circadian rhythm research in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:209-214. [PMID: 37256421 PMCID: PMC11006755 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In view of the recent revival of interest in circadian biology and circadian epidemiology at the Medical University of Vienna, it seems appropriate to highlight the rich and pioneering history of circadian research in Austria. Among the forefathers of circadian research in Vienna are Otto Marburg (1874-1948), who discovered important elements of the pineal gland physiology, Robert Hofstätter (1883-1970), who used pineal gland extract in obstetrics/gynecology, and Paul Engel (1907-1997), who discovered that the pineal gland was controlled by light. More recently, Vera Lapin (1920-2007) showed that surgical removal of the pineal gland increased tumor growth, while Franz Waldhauser (*1946) investigated melatonin in conjunction with night work. Michael Kundi (*1950) and his team conducted among the first studies demonstrating differences in rhythms of night workers and early evidence for health impairments among them. Furthermore, Vienna-born Erhard Haus (1926-2013) pioneered the discovery of the role and importance of melatonin in relation to numerous diseases. This rich pioneering contribution of scientists in Vienna or with roots in Vienna is continued today by a new generation of chronobiologists, epidemiologists and clinicians in Vienna whose new insights contribute to the rapidly developing field of circadian rhythms research. Current topics and contributions relate to the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on health, and the application of chronotherapeutic approaches in clinical and preventive settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edda Winkler-Pjrek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalsgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, 1st Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Recherches Médicale de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Franz Waldhauser
- Department for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Mondello C, Micali A, Baldino G, Cardia L, Alibrandi A, Asmundo A, Sapienza D, Puzzolo D, Ventura Spagnolo E. "Immunohistochemical analysis of Sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) expression in human pineal gland in relation to different causes of death". Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 69:102434. [PMID: 38493555 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) modulates cellular signaling pathways, probably acting as a ligand operated chaperone. When activated, the receptor translocates from the interface mitochondrion associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane. σ-1R was demonstrated in some brain regions, including the pineal gland, and was proposed to be involved in several cerebral processes, including neuroprotective responses against homeostasis alterations. On this basis, the immunohistochemical expression of σ-1R in human pineal glands was evaluated, with particular regard to the different causes of death. Thirty-eight pineal glands obtained from forensic autopsies were divided into five groups according to the cause of death: sudden death, drowning, fire fatality, hanging, and hemorrhagic shock, and examined with hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemistry for σ-1R. Both pinealocytes and perivascular spaces were evaluated. The pineal glands from sudden death were only mildly positive for σ-1R, while a more evident immunopositivity was observed in hanging, fire fatality, hemorrhagic shock, and drowning. These results were confirmed in a two-by-two comparison between the sudden death group and other groups. Our data demonstrate for the first time with immunohistochemical techniques the presence of σ-1R expression in the human pineal gland and propose a direct correlation between σ-1R expression and duration of the death process, in particular when hypoxic conditions and/or excessive psychological stress are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Baldino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi 75, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapienza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Megha KB, Arathi A, Shikha S, Alka R, Ramya P, Mohanan PV. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0. [PMID: 38206471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, the 'hormone of darkness' is a neuronal hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other extra pineal sites. Responsible for the circadian rhythm and seasonal behaviour of vertebrates and mammals, melatonin is responsible for regulating various physiological conditions and the maintenance of sleep, body weight and the neuronal activities of the ocular sites. With its unique amphiphilic structure, melatonin can cross the cellular barriers and elucidate its activities in the subcellular components, including mitochondria. Melatonin is a potential scavenger of oxygen and nitrogen-reactive species and can directly obliterate the ROS and RNS by a receptor-independent mechanism. It can also regulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various pathological conditions and exhibit therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Melatonin is also found to show its effects on major organs, particularly the brain, liver and heart, and also imparts a role in the modulation of the immune system. Thus, melatonin is a multifaceted candidate with immense therapeutic potential and is still considered an effective supplement on various therapies. This is primarily due to rectification of aberrant circadian rhythm by improvement of sleep quality associated with risk development of neurodegenerative, cognitive, cardiovascular and other metabolic disorders, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Saini Shikha
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rao Alka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabhu Ramya
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum, 695 014, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India.
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Obrecht-Sturm D, Pfaff E, Mynarek M, Bison B, Rodehüser M, Becker M, Kietz S, Pfister SM, Jones DT, Sturm D, von Deimling A, Sahm F, Kortmann RD, Schwarz R, Pietsch T, Fleischhack G, Rutkowski S. Pineal anlage tumor: clinical and diagnostic features, and rationales for treatment. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:359-368. [PMID: 38253790 PMCID: PMC10834633 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a treatment-focused review and develop basic treatment guidelines for patients diagnosed with pineal anlage tumor (PAT). METHODS Prospectively collected data of three patients with pineal anlage tumor from Germany was combined with clinical details and treatment information from 17 published cases. RESULTS Overall, 20 cases of PAT were identified (3 not previously reported German cases, 17 cases from published reports). Age at diagnosis ranged from 0.3 to 35.0 (median: 3.2 ± 7.8) years. All but three cases were diagnosed before the age of three years. For three cases, metastatic disease at initial staging was described. All patients underwent tumor surgery (gross-total resection: 9, subtotal resection/biopsy: 9, extent of resection unknown: 2). 15/20 patients were alive at last follow-up. Median follow-up for 10/15 surviving patients with available follow-up and treatment data was 2.4 years (0.3-6.5). Relapse was reported for 3 patients within 0.8 years after diagnosis. Five patients died, 3 after relapse and 2 from early postoperative complications. Two-year-progression-free- and -overall survival were 65.2 ± 12.7% and 49.2 ± 18.2%, respectively. All 4 patients who received intensive chemotherapy including high-dose chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (2 focal, 2 craniospinal [CSI]) had no recurrence. Focal radiotherapy- and CSI-free survival rates in 13 evaluable patients were 46.2% (6/13) and 61.5% (8/13), respectively. CONCLUSION PAT is an aggressive disease mostly affecting young children. Therefore, adjuvant therapy using intensive chemotherapy and considering radiotherapy appears to comprise an appropriate treatment strategy. Reporting further cases is crucial to evaluate distinct treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Obrecht-Sturm
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elke Pfaff
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Mynarek
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Bison
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Martina Becker
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Kietz
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
- Department for Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf Schwarz
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Brain Tumor Reference Center of the German Society for Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy (DGNN), Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, DZNE German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Rutkowski
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Chen H, Mo CY, Zhong LY. Central precocious puberty secondary to peripheral precocious puberty due to a pineal germ cell tumor: a case and review of literature. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:237. [PMID: 37884982 PMCID: PMC10601200 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pineal lesion affecting melatonin is a rare cause of central precocious puberty by decreasing the inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Germ cell tumor secreting human chorionic gonadotropin is a rare cause of peripheral puberty. CASE PRESENTATION A 5.8-year-old male presented facial hair and phallic growth, deepened voice, and accelerated growth velocity for 6 months. The elevated human chorionic gonadotropin level with undetectable gonadotropin levels indicated peripheral precocious puberty. Brain imaging revealed a pineal mass and further pathology indicated the diagnosis of teratoma. During chemoradiotherapy with operation, the elevated human chorionic gonadotropin level reduced to normal range, while the levels of gonadotropins and testosterone increased. Subsequently, progressing precocious puberty was arrested with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog therapy. Previous cases of transition from peripheral precocious puberty to central precocious puberty were reviewed. The transitions were caused by the suddenly reduced feedback inhibition of sex steroid hormones on gonadotropin releasing hormone and gonadotropins. CONCLUSIONS For patients with human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting tumors, gonadotropin levels increase prior to sex steroid decrease, seems a sign of melatonin-related central PP related to melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Cai-Yan Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Li-Yong Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Taha AM, Mahmoud AM, Ghonaim MM, Kamran A, AlSamhori JF, AlBarakat MM, Shrestha AB, Jaiswal V, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a potential treatment for septic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115305. [PMID: 37619482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a common complication of sepsis contributing to high mortality rates. Its pathophysiology involves complex factors, including inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. Despite extensive research, no effective pharmacological agent has been established for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Melatonin, a hormone with diverse functions in the body, has emerged as a potential agent for SCM through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and cardioprotective roles. Through various molecular levels of its mechanism of action, it counterattacks the adverse event of sepsis. Experimental studies have mentioned that melatonin protects against many cardiovascular diseases and exerts preventive effects on SCM. Moreover, melatonin has been investigated in combination with other drugs such as antibiotics, resveratrol, and anti-oxidants showing synergistic effects in reducing inflammation, anti-oxidant, and improving cardiac function. While preclinical studies have demonstrated positive results, clinical trials are required to establish the optimal dosage, route of administration, and treatment duration for melatonin in SCM. Its safety profile, low toxicity, and natural occurrence in the human body provide a favorable basis for its clinical use. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence of the use of melatonin in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM). Melatonin appears to be promising as a possible treatment for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohamed Taha
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt; Medical Research Group of Egypt (MRGE), Negida Academy, Arlington, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ateeba Kamran
- Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abhigan Babu Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine, M Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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8
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Atallah O, Kumar CR, Das S, Maurya VP, Agrawal A. Sudden death in patients with pineal cyst: Evidence from autopsy studies. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2023; 14:593-598. [PMID: 38059255 PMCID: PMC10696342 DOI: 10.25259/jnrp_421_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pineal cysts are usually benign, fluid-filled sacs and most pineal cysts are asymptomatic. Sudden death specifically related to pineal cysts is extremely uncommon. A literature review of the pertinent databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, was carried out to review the existing literature describing sudden death in patients with pineal cysts. In the evaluation of 49 articles, it was found that four reports discussed the unexpected death of patients who had pineal cysts. A total of four cases of sudden death and a pineal cyst were reported. There were 75% females and a mean age of 29 (range: 20-45). Cyst size on average was 1.3 cm (1.2-1.5). In each case, the cause of death and the involvement of important brain structures were confirmed by autopsy results. A pathological analysis of the pineal region and the surrounding brain tissue revealed a variety of lesions. Vascular malformation was found in one case, adding another layer of complexity to the study of sudden death syndrome. In this research, the authors highlight the fact that patients with pineal cysts can experience serious, even fatal, complications. Increased vigilance and early detection through neuroimaging and neurological assessments are required due to the wide variety of clinical manifestations and underlying mechanisms. To explain the mechanism and enhance the management and prevention of sudden deaths associated with pineal cysts, additional research with larger sample sizes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chegondi Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ved Prakash Maurya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Gregory K, Warner T, Cardona JJ, Chaiyamoon A, Iwanaga J, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. Innervation of pineal gland by the nervus conarii: a review of this almost forgotten structure. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:304-307. [PMID: 37558653 PMCID: PMC10520860 DOI: 10.5115/acb.23.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervus conarii provides sympathetic nerve innervation to the pineal gland, which is thought to be the primary type of stimulus to this gland. This underreported nerve has been mostly studied in animals. One function of the nervus conarii may be to activate pinealocytes to produce melatonin. Others have also found substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from the nervus conarii ending in the pineal gland. The following paper reviews the extant medical literature on the nervus conarii including its anatomy and potential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kion Gregory
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tyler Warner
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, USA
| | - Juan J. Cardona
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S. Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Lees J, Pèrtille F, Løtvedt P, Jensen P, Bosagna CG. The mitoepigenome responds to stress, suggesting novel mito-nuclear interactions in vertebrates. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:561. [PMID: 37736707 PMCID: PMC10515078 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are central in the cellular response to changing environmental conditions resulting from disease states, environmental exposures or normal physiological processes. Although the influences of environmental stressors upon the nuclear epigenome are well characterized, the existence and role of the mitochondrial epigenome remains contentious. Here, by quantifying the mitochondrial epigenomic response of pineal gland cells to circadian stress, we confirm the presence of extensive cytosine methylation within the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, we identify distinct epigenetically plastic regions (mtDMRs) which vary in cytosinic methylation, primarily in a non CpG context, in response to stress and in a sex-specific manner. Motifs enriched in mtDMRs contain recognition sites for nuclear-derived DNA-binding factors (ATF4, HNF4A) important in the cellular metabolic stress response, which we found to be conserved across diverse vertebrate taxa. Together, these findings suggest a new layer of mito-nuclear interaction in which the nuclear metabolic stress response could alter mitochondrial transcriptional dynamics through the binding of nuclear-derived transcription factors in a methylation-dependent context.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lees
- Evolutionsbiologiskt Centrum (EBC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Fábio Pèrtille
- Evolutionsbiologiskt Centrum (EBC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Pia Løtvedt
- Institutionen För Fysik, Kemi Och Biologi (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58330, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- Institutionen För Fysik, Kemi Och Biologi (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58330, Sweden
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Valsechi LC, da Costa MDS, Dastoli PA, Nicácio JM, Suzuki FS, Leite AL, Cavalheiro S. Prognostic factors of pediatric pineal region tumors at a single institution. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:2329-2339. [PMID: 37202535 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify factors of a worse prognosis among different histological types of pineal region tumors in pediatric patients treat at a single institution in a 30-year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pediatric patients (151; < 18 years of age) treated between 1991 and 2020 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves were created, and the log-rank test was used to compare the main prognostic factors in the different histological types. RESULTS Germinoma was found in 33.1%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 88%; the female sex was the only factor of a worse prognosis. Non-germinomatous germ cell tumors were found in 27.1%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 67.2%; metastasis upon diagnosis, residual tumor, and the absence of radiotherapy were associated with a worse diagnosis. Pineoblastoma was found in 22.5%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 40.7%; the male sex was the only factor of a worse prognosis; a tendency toward a worse outcome was found in patients < 3 years of age and those with metastasis upon diagnosis. Glioma was identified in 12.5%, with an overall 60-month survival rate of 72.6%; high-grade gliomas were associated with a worse prognosis. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors was found in 3.3%, and all patients died within a 19-month period. CONCLUSION Pineal region tumors are characterized by the heterogeneity of histological types, which exert an influence on the outcome. Knowledge of the prognostic factors for each histological types is of extreme importance to the determination of guided multidisciplinary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linoel Curado Valsechi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Devanir Silva da Costa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatric Oncology (IOP/GRAACC), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alessandra Dastoli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatric Oncology (IOP/GRAACC), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jardel Mendonça Nicácio
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatric Oncology (IOP/GRAACC), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Seiji Suzuki
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lima Leite
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 6Th Floor, Zip Code, 04024-002, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatric Oncology (IOP/GRAACC), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Junemann O, Ivanova AG, Bukreeva I, Zolotov DA, Fratini M, Cedola A, Wilde F, Dyachkova IG, Krivonosov YS, Otlyga DA, Saveliev SV. Comparative study of calcification in human choroid plexus, pineal gland, and habenula. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:537-545. [PMID: 37354235 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus, pineal gland, and habenula tend to accumulate physiologic calcifications (concrements) over a lifetime. However, until now the composition and causes of the intracranial calcifications remain unclear. The detailed analysis of concrements has been done by us using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray diffraction topography (XRDT), micro-CT, X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT), as well as histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By combining physical (XRD) and biochemical (IHC) methods, we identified inorganic (hydroxyapatite) and organic (vimentin) components of the concrements. Via XPCT, XRDT, histological, and IHC methods, we assessed the structure of concrements within their appropriate tissue environment in both two and three dimensions. The study found that hydroxyapatite was a major component of all calcified depositions. It should be noted, however, that the concrements displayed distinctive characteristics corresponding to each specific structure of the brain. As a result, our study provides a basis for assessing the pathological and physiological changes that occur in brain structure containing calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Junemann
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy Street, 3, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A G Ivanova
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - D A Zolotov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 352, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - F Wilde
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - I G Dyachkova
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yu S Krivonosov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Otlyga
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy Street, 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S V Saveliev
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy Street, 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Datta A, Das KK, G KK, Jaiswal AK, Kumar R. Temporal profile of serum melatonin levels in paediatric pineal tumours subjected to surgery: newer insights. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:2285-2292. [PMID: 36045301 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pineal tumours (PTs) are rare and histologically variable. Serum melatonin is a well-known product of this gland, albeit with uncertain clinical implications vis-à-vis its utility as a potential tumour marker. In particular, the temporal profile of serum melatonin during the disease course remains unclear and infrequently studied. METHODS Ten children with pineal tumours were prospectively studied over 2 years. Midnight serum melatonin levels were estimated before and after surgery (6-week postoperatively) and at the time of clinical-radiological progression. Different clinical, radiological, histological and treatment variables were correlated with the mean change in the pre- and postoperative serum melatonin levels using statistical methods. RESULTS Histopathologically, 5 of these cases (50%) were pineal cell tumours, while the rest were tumours of non-pineal cell origin. The mean preoperative serum melatonin level was 94.9 pg/ml (range 20-397 pg/ml), while the mean postoperative level was 69.6 pg/ml (range 45-156 pg/ml; in one case, the levels became non-detectable). Tumour histology (p = 0.04) and gender (p = 0.03) correlated with high preoperative serum levels. While the change in overall mean value did not have any statistical significance (effect size 0.29, p value 0.340), postoperative serum melatonin elevation was significant in tumours of non-pineal cell origin (large effect size 0.93, p value 0.004). CONCLUSION The serum melatonin may be affected by age, gender and symptom duration. However, the dynamic of serum melatonin in the perioperative period is largely dependent on the cell of origin of the PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Datta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Kuntal Kanti Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Krishna Kumar G
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
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Obiri-Yeboah D, Murayi R, de Andrade EJ, Kshettry VR. Exoscopic supracerebellar approach to the pineal region. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 229:107722. [PMID: 37105066 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the 3D exoscope represents a significant technological breakthrough in contemporary surgical practice. While the operating microscope has long been the preferred surgical visualization tool, its limitations in accessibility and ergonomics have prompted the development of a more advanced, 3D version [1,2]. The 3D exoscope has been one such recent development aimed at addressing these limitations. By delivering intense illumination and magnification to the deepest parts of the surgical field, 3D exoscopes are high-definition digital camera systems that give surgeons high-magnification views of the operative field [2]. Additionally, the design of the 3D exoscope allows for improved surgeon ergonomics, decreasing overall fatigue while providing a similar view of the procedure for all personnel in the operating room [3,4]. In this article, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the 3D exoscope in neurosurgery and highlight its use in a patient case. This is a case of a 25-year old female who was noted to have an incidental 13 mm pineal cystic mass on imaging work up for a first time generalized seizure. We discuss the use of an exoscopic supracerebellar approach to the pineal gland for resection of the mass and highlight the various considerations for use of an exoscope in such a case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roger Murayi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erion Jr de Andrade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Rosa Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor Center & Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Varun R Kshettry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Rosa Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor Center & Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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S GS, K A, Veeramani R, V DK, Krishnan N. Morphometric evaluation of great vein of Galen and its clinical implications. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:32-38. [PMID: 36216783 PMCID: PMC9989788 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Galenic venous system plays a vital role in the drainage of blood from deeper parts of the brain. This venous system is contributed by many major veins. These veins are located closer to the pineal gland making the surgical approach in this region difficult. Any accidental injury or occlusion of the vein of Galen could lead to devasting results. Thus, studying the dimensions of the vein of Galen is more important. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the morphometry and trajectory to the vein of Galen. About 100 computed tomographic venography records were evaluated and the length, diameter of vein of Galen, angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen and distance from internal occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were studied. The mean length and diameter of vein of Galen were 9.8±2.7 and 4.08±1.04 respectively. The mean angle between straight sinus and vein of Galen was 64.2°. The mean distance between external occipital protuberance and roof of fourth ventricle to vein of Galen were 52±6.9 and 33.3±4.5 respectively. No significant morphometric differences were observed between the age groups as well as between the sexs. The results obtained from this study may be helpful for the neurosurgeons in better understanding of the anatomy of the Galenic venous system and to adopt a safe surgical approach to improve the efficacy of the surgeries of the pineal gland and also in the region of vein of Galen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Suganya S
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ariharan K
- Department of Radiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Raveendranath Veeramani
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar V
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Nagarajan Krishnan
- Department of Radiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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16
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Belay DG, Worku MG. Prevalence of pineal gland calcification: systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023; 12:32. [PMID: 36879256 PMCID: PMC9987140 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineal gland calcification is the formation of corpora arenacea predominantly composed of calcium and phosphorus. It plays an important role in regulating the light/dark circadian changes to synchronize their daily physiological activities like feeding, metabolism, reproduction, and sleep through the secretion of melatonin. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of pineal gland calcification. METHODS A systematic review was done using published research articles from different electronic databases. Cross-sectional studies were included for systematic review and only studies conducted on the human population were included for quantitative analysis. Published articles were selected by assessing the title and abstract for relevance to the review objectives. Finally, the full text was retrieved for further assessment. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of pineal gland calcification was 61.65% [95% CI: 52.81, 70.49], with a heterogeneity of I2 = 97.7%, P ≤ 0.001. According to the qualitative analysis, an increase in age, male sex, and white ethnicity are the major socio-demographic characteristics that increase the prevalence of pineal gland calcification. CONCLUSION The pooled prevalence of pineal gland calcification was higher compared with reports from previous studies. Different studies reported pineal gland calcification was most prevalent in the adult population compared with the pediatric age groups. According to the qualitative analysis, an increase in age, male sex, and white ethnicity are the major socio-demographic characteristics that increase the prevalence of pineal gland calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Gebrie Worku
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Sharifi M, Rajabpoor Nikoo N, Badehnoosh B, Shafabakhsh R, Asemi R, Reiter RJ, Asemi Z. Therapeutic effects of melatonin on endometriosis, targeting molecular pathways: Current knowledge and future perspective. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154368. [PMID: 36774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, the very serious disease in women creates a huge financial burden worldwide, which is comparable to diabetes mellitus. In addition to the typical pelvic pain, endometriosis is related to low life quality and decreased work efficiency; clinical consequences include mood complaints, metabolic impairments, inflammation, immunologic problems, and elevated malignancy risks. Several risk factors are correlated with endometriosis including elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, long-lasting inflammation, raised immune tolerance, as well as autoimmunity. Melatonin is a natural molecule present throughout both the plant and animal kingdoms. It has numerous functions as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Due to the anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-invasive features of melatonin, it performances as a beneficial agent to limit endometriosis; this involves several pathways including antiestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as reducing the growth of E2-induced endometriotic tissue. Moreover, melatonin can favor sleep quality and decrease the unwanted signs in the patients. However, most of the data on melatonin accured from experimental works and additional clinical trials are needed. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the influence of melatonin on endometriosis. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: Not applicable.
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Mohammadi S, Zahmatkesh M. A surgical modification in the technique of rat pinealectomy. Anat Sci Int 2023; 98:164-75. [PMID: 36029435 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several experimental intents require pineal gland removal. The main challenge of the pinealectomy surgical procedure is the hemorrhage due to the transverse sinus torn. The study aimed to modify the rat pinealectomy surgical procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding and the mortality rate. METHODS Adult male rats experienced pinealectomy surgery. A mini-drill was used to remove a small skull area in the junction of the lambda and sagittal sutures. The pineal gland was removed using a curved-head hook. Animals experienced intensive post-surgical care. Locomotion, cerebellar motor function, working memory, and anxiety were evaluated 2 weeks after pinealectomy by the open field, rotarod, Y maze, and the elevated plus maze, respectively. RESULTS Surgical modification reduced the bleeding risk and animal mortality rate. No significant alteration was found in locomotion and working memory. However, the pinealectomy was anxiogenic and decreased entry to the open arm. The cerebellar motor performance did not change in the rotarod test. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining of removed tissue confirmed the histology of the pineal gland. CONCLUSION Advantages of this technique were removing a small skull area, modifying the hook insertion point to prevent damaging the brain veins, reducing the bleeding risk and the mortality rate. Surgery modification was associated with a decreased final number of animals used. Regardless of the melatonin shortage, pinealectomy affects different organs, which should be considered in the research study design.
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Jalali N, Firouzabadi MD, Mirshekar A, Khalili P, Ravangard AR, Ahmadi J, Askari PS, Jalali Z. Cross-sectional analysis of potential risk factors of the pineal gland calcification. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:49. [PMID: 36855104 PMCID: PMC9972749 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pineal gland (PG) is the site of production of melatonin as an important central hormone in the body. It is not known yet whether PG calcification (PGC) is an age-associated physiological process or a pathologic condition caused by lifestyle-factors and metabolic-dysregulations.Here, we performed a cross-sectional analysis on 586 patients referred to have Computed Tomographic (CT) scans (above 15 years old), in the Ali Ebne Abi Taleb hospital radiology center in 2017-2018. Based on the CT-scans of the brain, the presence of PGC was recorded and a score of scale 0 to 6 (PGC_score) was calculated for its intensity based on the volume and the Hounsfield units of the calcified pineal. Logistic and ordered logistic regression tests were employed to determine potential risk factor of PGC and higher PGC_score, respectively, testing the factors age, sex, history of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, smoking and opioid use. We found male sex (OR: 2.30 (95% CI:1.39-3.82) and smoking cigarettes (OR: 4.47 (95% CI:1.01-19.78)) as the main potential risk factors for the pineal gland calcification. For PGC_score, we found age to be dose-dependently associated with PGC_score only in patients aged below 63 (p-trend < 0.001). Stratifying for age, in patients < 63 years old, we found age, male sex (positive association) and dyslipidemia (negative association) as the main significantly associated factors of PGC_score. On the contrary, in patients aged > = 63, cigarette smoking was the only significantly associated factor of higher PGC_score.In conclusion, our results indicate that at ages below 63, age, male sex and blood lipid are the main associated factors of higher PGC, but at ages above that, the lifestyle factor smoking is significantly associated with higher pineal gland calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Mirshekar
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Ravangard
- Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Jafar Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pooya Saeed Askari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Cassimatis M, Browne G, Orr R. The Utility of Melatonin for the Treatment of Sleep Disturbance After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:340-349. [PMID: 36243124 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of melatonin supplementation as a treatment option for individuals with sleep disturbance after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted in 6 electronic databases (Medline, AMED, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) from earliest records to April 2022. STUDY SELECTION Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: a) human participants with sleep disturbance after TBI, b) melatonin or melatonergic agent used as an intervention to treat sleep disturbance, and c) outcomes of melatonin administration reported. All TBI severity types (mild, moderate, and severe) were eligible. The initial search retrieved a total of 595 articles, with 9 studies meeting the eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently extracted data from eligible studies and assessed methodological quality. Extracted data consisted of participant and injury characteristics, melatonin interventional properties, and sleep outcome. Methodological quality was assessed via the Downs and Black checklist. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 251 participants with TBI-induced sleep disturbance (mean age range: 14.0-42.5 years) were included. Melatonin, Circadin (prolonged-release melatonin), or Ramelteon (melatonin receptor agonist) were administered. Dosages and intervention duration ranged from 2 to 10 mg and 3 to 12 weeks, respectively. Eight out of 9 studies reported positive outcomes after melatonin treatment. Significant improvements in subjective sleep quality, objective sleep efficiency, and total sleep time were found with melatonin. Reductions in self-reported fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were also observed with melatonin treatment. No serious adverse events were reported after melatonin administration. CONCLUSION Melatonin has good tolerability after short-term use and the potential to be a therapeutic agent for those with sleep disturbance after TBI. Melatonin was shown to be beneficial to sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency. Additional clinically relevant outcomes of improved mental health suggest that melatonin use may be a promising treatment option for individuals experiencing co-occurring disorders of mood and sleep disturbance post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Cassimatis
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary Browne
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Children's Hospital Institute of Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rhonda Orr
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Children's Hospital Institute of Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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Upadhyayula PS, Neira JA, Miller ML, Bruce JN. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Pineal Region. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1405:153-173. [PMID: 37452938 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pineal region tumors fall into five broad categories: benign pineal region tumors, glial tumors, papillary tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors, and germ cell tumors. Genetic and transcriptional studies have identified key chromosomal alterations in germinomas (RUNDC3A, ASAH1, LPL) and in pineocytomas/pineoblastomas (DROSHA/DICER1, RB1). Pineal region tumors generally present with symptoms of hydrocephalus including nausea, vomiting, papilledema, and the classical Parinaud's triad of upgaze paralysis, convergence-retraction nystagmus, and light-near pupillary dissociation. Workup requires neuroimaging and tissue diagnosis via biopsy. In germinoma cases, diagnosis may be made based on serum or CSF studies for alpha-fetoprotein or beta-HCG making the preferred treatment radiosurgery, thereby preventing the need for unnecessary surgeries. Treatment generally involves three steps: CSF diversion in cases of hydrocephalus, biopsy through endoscopic or stereotactic methods, and open surgical resection. Multiple surgical approaches are possible for approach to the pineal region. The original approach to the pineal region was the interhemispheric transcallosal first described by Dandy. The most common approach is the supracerebellar infratentorial approach as it utilizes a natural anatomic corridor for access to the pineal region. The paramedian or lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach is another improvement that uses a similar anatomic corridor but allows for preservation of midline bridging veins; this minimizes the chance for brainstem or cerebellar venous infarction. Determination of the optimal approach relies on tumor characteristics, namely location of deep venous structures to the tumor along with the lateral eccentricity of the tumor. The immediate post-operative period is important as hemorrhage or swelling can cause obstructive hydrocephalus and lead to rapid deterioration. Adjuvant therapy, whether chemotherapy or radiation, is based on tumor pathology. Improvements within pineal surgery will require improved technology for access to the pineal region along with targeted therapies that can effectively treat and prevent recurrence of malignant pineal region tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin A Neira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Michael L Miller
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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22
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Batın S, Ekinci Y, Gürbüz K, Payas A, Kurtoğlu E, Uçar İ, Seber T, Arık M, Yılmaz H, Unur E. The role of pineal gland volume in the development of scoliosis. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:181-9. [PMID: 36374335 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is believed to be caused by genetic, neurological, osseous growth anomalies, histological variables including muscle fiber percentage and core structure changes, metabolic and hormonal dysfunction, vestibular dysfunction, and platelet microarchitecture. The objective of this study was to contribute to the determination of the cause of AIS by analyzing the changes in pineal gland volume in AIS cases. METHODS Study (AIS) and control group were each comprised of 26 patients who met the inclusion requirements. Scoliosis radiograph and MRI of the pineal glands were used for radiological examinations. The distribution of age, gender, Risser grading for skeletal radiological development, and sexual maturation according to Tanner categorization were uniform and statistically insignificant between groups. RESULTS When the pineal gland volumes of the cases were evaluated according to age, the AIS group was found to have significantly reduced pineal gland volumes in all age groups. The pineal gland volume was found to be 38.1% lower in the AIS group compared to the control group (p˂0.001). In the AIS group, patients aged 13 years had the lowest pineal gland volume (77.2 ± 13.86 mm3), while patients aged 15 years had the highest volume (97.9 ± 16.47 mm3). CONCLUSION Changes in pineal gland volume support the role of the pineal gland in the etiopathogenesis of AIS.
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Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus gains entry to cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Since circumventricular organs and parts of the hypothalamus lack a blood-brain barrier, and immunohistochemical studies demonstrate that ACE2 is highly expressed in circumventricular organs which are intimately connected to the hypothalamus, and the hypothalamus itself, these might be easy entry points for SARS-CoV-2 into the brain via the circulation. High ACE2 protein expression is found in the subfornical organ, area postrema, and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). The subfornical organ and PVH are parts of a circuit to regulate osmolarity in the blood, through the secretion of anti-diuretic hormone into the posterior pituitary. The PVH is also the stress response centre in the brain. It controls not only pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, but is also a source of corticotropin-releasing hormone, that induces the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary. It is proposed that the function of ACE2 in the circumventricular organs and the PVH could be diminished by binding with SARS-CoV-2, thus leading to a reduction in the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas receptor (MasR) signalling axis, that modulates ACE/Ang II/AT1R signalling. This could result in increased presympathetic activity/neuroendocrine secretion from the PVH, and effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Besides the bloodstream, the hypothalamus might also be affected by SARS-CoV-2 via transneuronal spread along the olfactory/limbic pathways. Exploring potential therapeutic pathways to prevent or attenuate neurological symptoms of COVID-19, including drugs which modulate ACE signalling, remains an important area of unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
- Neurobiology Research Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
| | - R L Satish
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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Reddy VDK, Dalai M, Khan MS, Jagota A. Day time-restricted feeding shows differential synchronizing effects on age-related changes of serotonin metabolism in SCN and the pineal gland in male Wistar rats. Biogerontology 2022; 23:771-88. [PMID: 36322233 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system is synchronized by the environmental photic and non-photic signals. Light is the major cue that entrains the master circadian oscillator located in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). With aging condition ocular light impairs because of the age-related deficiencies in the eye as a result the clock becomes less sensitive to light. In such case non-photic cues may play a major role in synchronizing the clock. Earlier studies have linked altered meal timings to induce many physiological changes including serotonin in different brain regions such as hypothalamus, brain stem and striatum. Much is not known about the effect of timed food restriction as a non-photic stimulus on serotonergic system in SCN under aging condition. We report here the synchronizing effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) as a non-photic stimulus on serotonin and its related metabolites in the SCN and pineal gland of male Wistar rats upon aging. Under food restriction daily rhythmicity of serotonin 5-HT and 5-HTOH was abolished whereas NAS, 5-MIAA and NAT showed a significant decrease in their daily pulses upon food restriction in 3 months (m) old rats. Under forced day time feeding schedule the mean 24 h levels of serotonin have significantly decreased in 12 and 24 m old animals in SCN and pineal gland. Most of the serotonin metabolites in the SCN and pineal gland of 12 and 24 m old ad libitum fed group rats have shown rhythmicity. 5-HT, NAS, MEL and NAT have shown daily rhythm in the SCN of 12 and 24 m old rats whereas 5-MIAA and 5-MTOH did not show daily rhythm in both the age groups. The mean 24 h levels of 5-HTP, 5-HIAA, 5-MIAA, 5-MTOH, MEL and NAT were increased in the pineal gland of 12 and 24 months old rats. This work help demonstrate the role of TRF in synchronising age induced desynchronization in serotonin metabolome.
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Harisha K, Arava S, Singh S, Pariplavi M. A morphological study of human pineal gland in post-mortem cases. Morphologie 2022; 107:193-198. [PMID: 35786527 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad over a period of 1year. A total of 30 human pineal glands (16-males,11-females,3 excluded for post-mortem autolysis) from those bodies between the age groups of 1-80years were collected during the post-mortem study at the Mortuary of Osmania General Hospital, Koti, Hyderabad and were included in the study. Morphological parameters like weight and transverse diameter at the maximum width of the pineal glands were measured and then the pineal glands were processed for light microscopy. 4-5micron thick sections were cut and stained with H&E and Masson Trichrome for highlighting the connective tissue pattern of the pineal gland. Under light microscope, the capsular delineation, pattern of septation and lobulation, calcification, intracellular brown pigment, intraparenchymal inflammatory cells, fibrosis, gliosis and cystic changes in the pineal glands were observed in relation to age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harisha
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - S Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110029 New Delhi, India.
| | - M Pariplavi
- Department of Anatomy, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad, India
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26
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Takahashi T, Wood SJ, Yung AR, Nelson B, Lin A, Yuen HP, Phillips LJ, Suzuki M, McGorry PD, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C. Pineal morphology of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis and different psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2022; 244:1-7. [PMID: 35487129 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineal volume reductions have been reported in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk states for the development of psychosis, supporting the role of melatonin dysregulation in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it remains unclear whether pineal volume is associated with the later onset of psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis or if pineal atrophy is specific to schizophrenia among different psychotic disorders. METHODS This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the volume of and cyst prevalence in the pineal gland in 135 individuals at CHR of psychosis [52 (38.5%) subsequently developed psychosis], 162 with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 89 with chronic schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. The potential contribution of the pineal morphology to clinical characteristics was also examined in the CHR and FEP groups. RESULTS Pineal volumes did not differ significantly between the CHR, FEP, and chronic schizophrenia groups, but were significantly smaller than that in healthy controls. However, pineal volumes were not associated with the later onset of psychosis in the CHR group or FEP sub-diagnosis (i.e., schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, affective psychosis, and other psychoses). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts between the groups, and it also did not correlate with clinical characteristics in the CHR and FEP groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pineal atrophy is a general vulnerability marker of psychosis, while pineal cysts do not appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Lisa J Phillips
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Gao L, Zhang Z, Wu W, Deng Y, Zhi H, Long H, Lei M, Hou J, Wu W, Guo DA. Quantitative imaging of natural products in fine brain regions using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI): Uncaria alkaloids as a case study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4999-5007. [PMID: 35639139 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria species (Rubiaceae) are used as traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and monoterpene indole alkaloids are the main bioactive constituents. Localization and quantification of CNS drugs in fine brain regions are important to provide insights into their pharmacodynamics, for which quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a powerful technique. A systematic study of the quantitative imaging of seven Uncaria alkaloids in rat brains using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was presented. The distribution of the alkaloids in thirteen brain regions was quantified successfully using the calibration curves generated by a modified on-tissue approach. The distribution trend of different Uncaria alkaloids in the rat brain was listed as monoterpene indole alkaloids > monoterpene oxindole alkaloids, R-configuration epimers > S-configuration epimers. Particularly, Uncaria alkaloids were detected directly in the pineal gland for the first time and their enrichment phenomenon in this region had an instructive significance in future pharmacodynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haijuan Zhi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Gheban BA, Colosi HA, Gheban-Roșca IA, Georgiu C, Gheban D, Crişan D, Crişan M. Techniques for digital histological morphometry of the pineal gland. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151897. [PMID: 35468563 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pineal gland is a small photo-neuro-endocrine organ. This study used human post-mortem pineal glands to microscopically assess immunohistochemical marker intensity and percentage of positivity using known and novel digital techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental non-inferiority study has been performed on 72 pineal glands harvested from post-mortem examinations. The glands have been stained with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin (SYN), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and neurofilament (NF). Slides were digitally scanned. Morphometric data were obtained using optical analysis, CaseViewer, ImageJ, and MorphoRGB RESULTS: Strong and statistically significant correlations were found and plotted using Bland-Altman diagrams between the two image analysis software in the case of mean percentage and intensity of GFAP, NSE, NF, and SYN. DISCUSSIONS Software such as SlideViewer and ImageJ, with our novel software MorphoRGB were used to perform histological morphometry of the pineal gland. Digital morphometry of a small organ such as the pineal gland is easy to do by using whole slide imaging (WSI) and digital image analysis software, with potential use in clinical settings. MorphoRGB provides slightly more accurate data than ImageJ and is more user-friendly regarding measurements of parenchyma percentage stained by immunohistochemistry. The results show that MorphoRGB is not inferior in functionality. CONCLUSIONS The described morphometric techniques have potential value in current practice, experimental small animal models and human pineal glands, or other small endocrine organs that can be fully included in a whole slide image. The software we used has applications in quantifying immunohistochemical stains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Alexandru Gheban
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Anatomic Pathology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horaţiu Alexandru Colosi
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana-Andreea Gheban-Roșca
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Georgiu
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Anatomic Pathology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Anatomic Pathology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Children's Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Doiniţa Crişan
- Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Anatomic Pathology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Crişan
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. of Histology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Afeche SC, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Pineal Gland Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:95-100. [PMID: 36180681 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin at night with a circadian rhythm. The synthesis and secretion of melatonin are stimulated at night by norepinephrine released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons projecting from the superior cervical ganglia. Norepinephrine simultaneously activates α- and β-adrenoceptors, triggering melatonin synthesis.To study the regulation of melatonin production and secretion, it is very convenient to use an ex vivo preparation. Thus, it is possible to keep intact pineal glands in culture and to study the actions of agonists, antagonists, modulators, toxic agents, etc., in melatonin synthesis. Artificial melatonin synthesis stimulation in vitro is usually achieved by using a β-adrenergic agonist alone or in association with an α-adrenergic agonist. In this chapter, the methodology of cultured pineal glands will be described. Several papers were published by our group using this methodology, approaching the role played in melatonin synthesis control by angiotensin II and IV, insulin, glutamate, voltage-gated calcium channels, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME, crack-cocaine product), monosodium glutamate (MSG), signaling pathways like NFkB, pathophysiological conditions like diabetes, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Gallo CC, Nishino FA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Pinealectomy in Rats. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:45-51. [PMID: 36180676 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pinealectomy technique consists of the surgical removal of the superficial pineal gland. This procedure allows the ablation of circulating indoles produced by this gland. Withdrawal of systemic melatonin, a pineal hormone, affects animal circadian rhythms and induces several physiological changes that are the subject of many investigations. In this chapter, we describe the pinealectomy protocol adapted to rats. We describe the animal placement on the stereotaxic fixation system, and the procedure for the pineal gland removal and animal recovery from surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Congentino Gallo
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Akane Nishino
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Rath MF, Møller M. Radiochemical In Situ Hybridization in Developmental Studies of the Pineal Gland. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:75-84. [PMID: 36180679 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiochemical in situ hybridization enables detection of gene expression in small areas of the brain, such as the developing pineal gland in rodents. The method combines determination of spatial and temporal gene expression profiles with semiquantitative analyses. We here describe the procedure of radiochemical in situ hybridization on the developing rat pineal gland ranging from preparation of fetal tissue for in situ hybridization to principles of quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Møller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Blancas-Velazquez AS, Rath MF. siRNA-Mediated Downregulation of Gene Expression in Cultured Rat Pineal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:113-121. [PMID: 36180684 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Suspension primary cultures of rat pineal cells have been used for decades to determine biochemical regulatory mechanisms of pineal melatonin synthesis, but more recently, RNA interference technology has made the study of the role of specific genes in this melatonin-proficient model system possible. We here present a protocol for preparing rat pineal cell cultures and efficiently knock down gene expression by use of synthetic siRNA.
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Lim EA, Alves CAPF, Picariello S, Aquilina K, Bisdas S, Loebel U, Mankad K, D'Arco F. Neuroimaging of paediatric pineal, sellar and suprasellar tumours: a guide to differential diagnosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:33-50. [PMID: 34529090 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pineal, sellar and suprasellar tumours in children comprise a wide range of diseases with different biological behaviours and clinical management. Neuroimaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up of these patients, but imaging interpretation can prove challenging due to the significant overlap in radiological features. MATERIALS AND METHOD A review of the literature was performed by undertaking a search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for appropriate MeSH terminology. Identified abstracts were screened for inclusion and articles meeting the objectives of the review were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this article, we review radiological appearances of common and uncommon pineal, sellar and suprasellar tumours occurring in the paediatric population. We discuss the importance of anatomical localization, clinical information and cerebrospinal fluid tumour markers, and propose a practical approach to differential diagnosis. Lastly, we discuss future directions and prospective new imaging strategies to support state-of-the-art patient care.
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de Souza CAP, Nishino FA, do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J. Pineal Microdialysis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:63-74. [PMID: 36180678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pineal microdialysis is characterized by the real-time monitoring of melatonin, neurotransmitters, metabolites, and other compounds released by the pineal gland throughout 24 h. It is a technique with great advantages that allows in vivo study of the ongoing pineal gland metabolism. In this chapter, we describe the entire process of pineal microdialysis that includes probe manufacturing, surgical procedure for its implantation, and the sample collection process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Akane Nishino
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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do Amaral FG, Cipolla-Neto J, Afeche SC. Melatonin Synthesis Enzymes Activity: Radiometric Assays for AANAT, ASMT, and TPH. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:33-43. [PMID: 36180675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland in mammals. Its synthesis is triggered at night by norepinephrine released in the interstices of the gland. This nocturnal production is dependent on the transcription, translation, and/or activation of the enzymes arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (ASMT), and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). In this chapter, the methodology for the analysis of AANAT, ASMT, and TPH activities by radiometric assays will be presented. Several papers were published by our group utilizing these methodologies, evaluating the enzymes modulation by voltage-gated calcium channels, angiotensin II, insulin, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME, crack-cocaine product), ethanol, monosodium glutamate (MSG), signaling pathways such as NFkB, and pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gaspar do Amaral
- Pineal Neurobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Matondo M, Dumas G, Maronde E. Analysis of the Human Pineal Proteome by Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2550:123-132. [PMID: 36180685 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The human pineal gland regulates the day-night dynamics of multiple physiological processes, especially through the secretion of melatonin. Recently, using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and dedicated analysis tools, we have identified regulated proteins and signaling pathways that differ between day and night and/or between control and autistic pineal glands. This large-scale proteomic approach is the method of choice to study proteins in a biological system globally. This chapter proposes a protocol for large-scale analysis of the pineal gland proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Matondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS USR2000, Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Institut Pasteur, UMR 3571 CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris France, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Paris, France
- Computational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Erik Maronde
- Institute for Anatomy II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Prusik M. Developmental morphology of the turkey pineal gland in histological images and 3D models. Micron 2021; 153:103196. [PMID: 34923408 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The histological structure of the avian pineal gland during embryonic life has so far only been studied in chickens. It is known that the pineal organs of hatched chickens and turkeys differ significantly from each other based on their morphology and physiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological structure of the embryonic pineal gland of domestic turkeys. The study was performed on turkey embryos aged 4-28 days. Along with histological analyses, three-dimensional (3D) images of the pineal glands from embryos aged 6-28 days were also obtained. In four-day-old embryos [embryonic day (ED) 4], primary evagination of the pineal gland from the neuroectoderm of the diencephalon was observed. On ED 6, the evagination formed a pineal recess with a thick and folded wall. In the next embryonic stages, the pineal recess was lengthened to the pineal canal, with the lumen opening to the third ventricle. The connection of the pineal lumen with the ventricular lumen was observed in all studied embryos. The first cellular rosettes without the lumen separated from the wall of the pineal recess occurred on ED 6. Several small and round follicles containing their own lumens were visible on ED 8. On ED 10, the pineal parenchyma was composed mainly of small, round follicles. The first oval follicles appeared on ED 12 and branched follicles appeared on ED 16. In some embryos at different stages, follicles formed from secondary evaginations of the diencephalon epithelium were observed. The turkey pineal organ maintained the follicular type of parenchyma without solid cellular aggregates throughout embryonic life. The pineal follicles originated from: 1) rosettes arising from the wall of the pineal canal (from ED 6); 2) an accessory evagination occurring in the neuroectoderm anteriorly and posteriorly to the pineal canal end (from ED 6); 3) direct development in the walls of larger follicles and detaching from them in a manner similar to the budding process (from ED 14); and 4) fusion of smaller follicles into branched ones. The pineal capsule started to develop on ED 6, first as a vascularization and later as a thin mesenchymal outline around the apical part, then at the dorsal and at the end the ventral part of the pineal gland. The pineal stroma was composed of mesenchymal tissue consisting of abundant in cells and blood vessels. The first evagination of the choroid plexus in the diencephalon was observed on ED 8. The attachment of the pineal gland to the dura mater first occurred on ED 16. Finally, the pineal gland of ED 28 embryos consisted of a wide proximal part attached to the dura mater and a narrow distal part that extended into the pineal stalk, which extended to the intercommissural region of the diencephalon. The present study revealed the occurrence of significant morphological differences in the developing embryonic pineal gland of turkeys compared with chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Prusik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Takase H, Tanoshima R, Singla N, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto T. Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation: a systematic review and contemporary management of 389 cases reported during the last two decades. Neurosurg Rev 2021. [PMID: 34668090 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) is a WHO grade II and III tumor arising from pineal parenchymal cells. PPTID is a rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of all primary central nervous system neoplasms. Therefore, reports describing the clinical characteristics and biological features of PPTID are lacking. Moreover, the therapeutic strategy remains controversial. The current study aimed to evaluate treatment results and problems of contemporary therapeutic modalities of PPTID based on its features compared with other pineal parenchymal tumors. A comprehensive systematic literature review of 69 articles was performed, including articles on PPTID (389 patients) and similar tumors. Patient demographics, disease presentation, imaging characteristics, biological features, and current therapeutic options and their results were reviewed. We found that histopathological findings based on current WHO classification are well associated with survival; however, identifying and treating aggressive PPTID cases with uncommon features could be problematic. A molecular and genetic approach may help improve diagnostic accuracy. Therapeutic strategy, especially for grade III and aforementioned uncommon and aggressive tumors, remains controversial. A combination therapy involving maximum tumor resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy could be the first line of treatment. However, although challenging, a large prospective study would be required to identify ways to improve the clinical results of PPTID treatment.
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Pačesová D, Spišská V, Novotný J, Bendová Z. Maternal morphine intake during pregnancy and lactation affects the circadian clock of rat pups. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:143-154. [PMID: 34560238 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early-life morphine exposure causes a variety of behavioural and physiological alterations observed later in life. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prenatal and early postnatal morphine on the maturation of the circadian clockwork in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the liver, and the rhythm in aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal gland. Our data suggest that the most affected animals were those born to control, untreated mothers and cross-fostered by morphine-exposed dams. These animals showed the highest mesor and amplitude in the rhythm of Per2, Nr1d1 but not Per1 gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and arrhythmicity in AA-NAT activity in the pineal gland. In a similar pattern to the rhythm of Per2 expression in the SCN, they also expressed Per2 in a higher amplitude rhythm in the liver. Five of seven specific genes in the liver showed significant differences between groups in their expression. A comparison of mean relative mRNA levels suggests that this variability was caused mostly by cross-fostering, animals born to morphine-exposed dams that were cross-fostered by control mothers and vice versa differed from both groups of natural mothers raising offspring. Our data reveal that the circadian system responds to early-life morphine administration with significant changes in clock gene expression profiles both in the SCN and in the liver. The observed differences between the groups suggest that the dose, timing and accompanying stress events such as cross-fostering may play a role in the final magnitude of the physiological challenge that opioids bring to the developing circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pačesová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Spišská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has quickly become one of the most dominant techniques in modern transcriptome assessment. In particular, 10X Genomics' Chromium system, with its high throughput approach, turn key and thorough user guide made this cutting-edge technique accessible to many laboratories using diverse animal models. However, standard pre-processing, including the alignment and cell filtering pipelines might not be ideal for every organism or tissue. Here we applied an alternative strategy, based on the pseudoaligner kallisto, on twenty-two publicly available single cell sequencing datasets from a wide range of tissues of eight organisms and compared the results with the standard 10X Genomics' Cell Ranger pipeline. RESULTS In most of the tested samples, kallisto produced higher sequencing read alignment rates and total gene detection rates in comparison to Cell Ranger. Although datasets processed with Cell Ranger had higher cell counts, outside of human and mouse datasets, these additional cells were routinely of low quality, containing low gene detection rates. Thorough downstream analysis of one kallisto processed dataset, obtained from the zebrafish pineal gland, revealed clearer clustering, allowing the identification of an additional photoreceptor cell type that previously went undetected. The finding of the new cluster suggests that the photoreceptive pineal gland is essentially a bi-chromatic tissue containing both green and red cone-like photoreceptors and implies that the alignment and pre-processing pipeline can affect the discovery of biologically-relevant cell types. CONCLUSION While Cell Ranger favors higher cell numbers, using kallisto results in datasets with higher median gene detection per cell. We could demonstrate that cell type identification was not hampered by the lower cell count, but in fact improved as a result of the high gene detection rate and the more stringent filtering. Depending on the acquired dataset, it can be beneficial to favor high quality cells and accept a lower cell count, leading to an improved classification of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Shainer
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manuel Stemmer
- Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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Takahashi T, Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Higuchi Y, Mizukami Y, Akasaki Y, Nishiyama S, Furuichi A, Pham TV, Kobayashi H, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Potential contribution of pineal atrophy and pineal cysts toward vulnerability and clinical characteristics of psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102805. [PMID: 34461434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported pineal gland atrophy in schizophrenia patients and individuals at a clinical high risk of developing psychosis, implicating abnormalities in melatonin secretion in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it currently remains unclear whether the morphology of the pineal gland contributes to symptomatology and sociocognitive functions. METHODS This MRI study examined pineal gland volumes and the prevalence of pineal cysts as well as their relationship with clinical characteristics in 57 at risk mental state (ARMS) subjects, 63 patients with schizophrenia, and 61 healthy controls. The Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) were used to assess sociocognitive functions, while the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was employed to evaluate clinical symptoms in ARMS subjects and schizophrenia patients. RESULTS Pineal gland volumes were significantly smaller in the ARMS and schizophrenia groups than in the controls, while no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts. Although BACS, SCoRS, and SOFAS scores were not associated with pineal morphology, patients with pineal cysts in the schizophrenia group exhibited severe positive psychotic symptoms with rather mild negative symptoms. CONCLUSION The present results indicate the potential of pineal atrophy as a vulnerability marker in various stages of psychosis and suggest that pineal cysts influence the clinical subtype of schizophrenia.
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Cheng A, Barron J, Holmes O, Bartlett P, Jenkins G, Seal M. Primary neuroendocrine tumor of the pineal gland: a case report. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:323. [PMID: 34416869 PMCID: PMC8377818 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumors are exceedingly rare, with few cases in the literature. We present a case of a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pineal gland, which is the second that has ever been reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 53-year-old male patient presented with vomiting, weakness, and headaches. Imaging revealed a lesion in the pineal region, which was surgically resected. This mass was characterized by histology as a neuroendocrine carcinoma, given the presence of neuroendocrine markers and cytokeratin markers with absence of a primary lesion elsewhere on imaging. CONCLUSIONS There are currently no guidelines on the management of primary intracranial neuroendocrine tumors. In this case, the patient underwent surgical resection and craniospinal radiotherapy. He subsequently received one cycle of chemotherapy with temozolomide, an alkylating agent, but he unfortunately did not tolerate treatment. A multidisciplinary decision was made along with the patient and his family to focus on palliative care. Eighteen months after the initial presentation, disease recurred in the patient's neck. The patient underwent resection to control the metastases, with a plan to follow with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the patient became unwell and died at 21 months after initial diagnosis. This demonstrates a need for continued research and reporting on this uncommon disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cheng
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 105-78 Thorburn Road, St. John's, NL, A1B3T4, Canada.
| | - Jane Barron
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology), Memorial University Faculty of Medicine, St. John's, Canada
| | - Oliver Holmes
- Discipline of Oncology (Radiation Oncology), Memorial University Faculty of Medicine, St. John's, Canada
| | - Peter Bartlett
- Department of Radiology, Memorial University Faculty of Medicine, St. John's, Canada
| | - Gregory Jenkins
- Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), Memorial University Faculty of Medicine, St. John's, Canada
| | - Melanie Seal
- Discipline of Oncology (Medical Oncology), Memorial University Faculty of Medicine, St. John's, Canada
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Valente R, Alves F, Sousa-Pinto I, Ruivo R, Castro LFC. Functional or Vestigial? The Genomics of the Pineal Gland in Xenarthra. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:565-575. [PMID: 34342686 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-021-10025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vestigial organs are historical echoes of past phenotypes. Determining whether a specific organ constitutes a functional or vestigial structure can be a challenging task, given that distinct levels of atrophy may arise between and within lineages. The mammalian pineal gland, an endocrine organ involved in melatonin biorhythmicity, represents a classic example, often yielding contradicting anatomical observations. In Xenarthra (sloths, anteaters, and armadillos), a peculiar mammalian order, the presence of a distinct pineal organ was clearly observed in some species (i.e., Linnaeus's two-toed sloth), but undetected in other closely related species (i.e., brown-throated sloth). In the nine-banded armadillo, contradicting evidence supports either functional or vestigial scenarios. Thus, to untangle the physiological status of the pineal gland in Xenarthra, we used a genomic approach to investigate the evolution of the gene hub responsible for melatonin synthesis and signaling. We show that both synthesis and signaling compartments are eroded and were probably lost independently among Xenarthra orders. Additionally, by expanding our analysis to 157 mammal genomes, we offer a comprehensive view showing that species with very distinctive habitats and lifestyles have convergently evolved a similar phenotype: Cetacea, Pholidota, Dermoptera, Sirenia, and Xenarthra. Our findings suggest that the recurrent inactivation of melatonin genes correlates with pineal atrophy and endorses the use of genomic analyses to ascertain the physiological status of suspected vestigial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Valente
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARDITI, Madeira, Portugal.,OOM-Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sousa-Pinto
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (U. Porto), Rua Do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal.
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El-Diasty MT, Reda AS, Daghistani RK. Solitary Pineal Gland Tuberculoma Mimicking Germinoma: A Case Report. J Clin Imaging Sci 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 34221644 PMCID: PMC8247747 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_84_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We are reporting a case of 16-year-old boy presented with severe headache and blurred vision. MRI showed a pineal region mass that was initially thought to be a germinoma. Endoscopic biopsy revealed tuberculoma which is an exceedingly rare and unusual location for CNS tuberculoma. The patient was treated successfully with anti-tuberculous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azza Sami Reda
- Department of Radiology, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Kamal Daghistani
- Department of Radiology, King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Panciroli C, Esteve A, Muñoz-Ferrer A, Abad J, Hernandez JM, Balaña C, Lucente G, Comas S, Villà S. Prospective pilot study to explore the melatonin level in brain tumor patients undergoing radiotherapy. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:469-475. [PMID: 33825098 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim was to assess if the radiotherapy dose decreased the melatonin levels as well as the quality of life and sleep in brain tumor patients. METHODS We performed a follow-up study on melatonin levels in saliva and its urinary metabolite sulfatoxi-melatonine (STM) samples in patients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy close to the pineal gland's area. We analyzed the cortisol, cortisone, and excrection of STM normalized by urinary creatinine. In some cases, a polysomnography (PSG) was performed. Quality of life questionnaires, distress scale, and sleepiness inventories were also administered. RESULTS We included twelve patients (experimental arm) and eight healthy controls (control group). No differences were observed between experimental arm and control group at baseline. No differences were detected in the experimental arm before and after delivering the radiotherapy. No clinically significant differences were found according to the radiotherapy dose delivered. CONCLUSION Melatonin levels and PSG outcomes do not change after receiving radiotherapy. The findings of this study do not show a statistically significant association between the treatment and the quality of life and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Panciroli
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anna Esteve
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aida Muñoz-Ferrer
- Sleep Disturbance Unit, Pulmonary Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Abad
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Pulmonary Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Hernandez
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carmen Balaña
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lucente
- Neurology Service, Neuroscience Department, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Comas
- Radiation Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Villà
- Radiation Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
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Di R, Liu QY, Song SH, Tian DM, He JN, Ge Y, Wang XY, Hu WP, Mwacharo JM, Pan ZY, Wang JD, Ma Q, Cao GL, Jin HH, Liang XJ, Chu MX. Expression characteristics of pineal miRNAs at ovine different reproductive stages and the identification of miRNAs targeting the AANAT gene. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:217. [PMID: 33765915 PMCID: PMC7992348 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many recent studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in the regulation of animal reproduction, including seasonal reproduction. The pineal gland is a crucial hub in the regulation of seasonal reproduction. However, little is known about the expression characteristics of pineal miRNAs in different reproductive seasons (anestrus and breeding season). Therefore, the expression profiles and regulatory roles of ovine pineal miRNAs were investigated during different reproductive stages using Solexa sequencing technology and dual luciferase reporter assays. Results A total of 427 miRNAs were identified in the sheep pineal gland. Significant differences in miRNA expression were demonstrated between anestrus and the breeding season in terms of the frequency distributions of miRNA lengths, number of expressed miRNAs, and specifically and highly expressed miRNAs in each reproductive stage. KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs between anestrus and the breeding season indicated that they are significantly enriched in pathways related to protein synthesis, secretion and uptake. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that many target genes of DE miRNAs in the ribosome pathway showed relatively low expression in the breeding season. On the other hand, analyses combining miRNA-gene expression data with target relationship validation in vitro implied that miR-89 may participate in the negative regulation of aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA expression by targeting its 3’UTR at a unique binding site. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the expression characteristics of sheep pineal miRNAs at different reproductive stages and into the negative regulatory effects of pineal miRNAs on AANAT mRNA expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07536-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shu-Hui Song
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Tian
- National Genomics Data Center & CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ning He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Joram-Mwashigadi Mwacharo
- Small Ruminant Genomics, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zhang-Yuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Dong Wang
- Research Center of Grass and Livestock, NingXia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, East Yellow River Road, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Research Center of Grass and Livestock, NingXia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, East Yellow River Road, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Gui-Ling Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui-Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liang
- Research Center of Grass and Livestock, NingXia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, No. 590, East Yellow River Road, Yinchuan, 750002, China.
| | - Ming-Xing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Rd, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Takami H, Graffeo CS, Perry A, Giannini C, Daniels DJ. The Third Eye Sees Double: Cohort Study of Clinical Presentation, Histology, Surgical Approaches, and Ophthalmic Outcomes in Pineal Region Germ Cell Tumors. World Neurosurg 2021; 150:e482-90. [PMID: 33722723 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) predominantly occur in the adolescent and young adult population and are most frequently located at the pineal gland. Tumor masses in the pineal region may cause ophthalmic symptoms due to compression to the midbrain, frequently presenting with Parinaud syndrome and hydrocephalus due to aqueductal compression. METHODS We conducted a single-institution cohort study of primary, pineal region GCTs to characterize the clinical presentation, as well as associated ophthalmic and hydrocephalus outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-six primary pineal GCTs were identified. Among the 40 isolated pineal region GCTs, 15 were germinomas while 25 were nongerminomatous GCTs. Among 43 cases of hydrocephalus, endoscopic third ventriculostomy was the primary treatment in 27 cases, which was successful in 23 but failed and required additional treatment for the rest. Pineal tumor mass was significantly larger in cases with hydrocephalus compared with those without, and the 20-mm diameter of the tumor was the crucial point for obstructive hydrocephalus. Ophthalmic symptoms were commonly observed at presentation, which included diplopia (74.3%), upward-gaze palsy (69.7%), and Argyll Robertson pupil (40%). These symptoms tended to remain, and the existence of these symptoms at presentation predicted the remaining symptoms in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial GCTs presenting with ophthalmic abnormalities appear to be at increased risk of residual posttreatment symptoms, while second-look surgery presents a significant risk factor for the development of new deficits. Hydrocephalus often accompanies pineal region GCTs, and in most cases both cerebrospinal fluid diversion and tissue diagnosis can be successfully achieved via endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
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Li C, He X, Zhang Z, Ren C, Chu M. Pineal gland transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in STH sheep with two FecB genotypes. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:9. [PMID: 33602139 PMCID: PMC7893892 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00957-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been identified as important regulator in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis associated with sheep prolificacy. However, little is known of their expression pattern and potential roles in the pineal gland of sheep. Herein, RNA-Seq was used to detect transcriptome expression pattern in pineal gland between follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in FecBBB (MM) and FecB++ (ww) STH sheep, respectively, and differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with reproduction were identified. RESULTS Overall, 135 DE lncRNAs and 1360 DE mRNAs in pineal gland between MM and ww sheep were screened. Wherein, 39 DE lncRNAs and 764 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in MM sheep, 96 DE lncRNAs and 596 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in ww sheep. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were annotated to multiple biological processes such as phototransduction, circadian rhythm, melanogenesis, GSH metabolism and steroid biosynthesis, which directly or indirectly participate in hormone activities to affect sheep reproductive performance. Additionally, co-expression of lncRNAs-mRNAs and the network construction were performed based on correlation analysis, DE lncRNAs can modulate target genes involved in related pathways to affect sheep fecundity. Specifically, XLOC_466330, XLOC_532771, XLOC_028449 targeting RRM2B and GSTK1, XLOC_391199 targeting STMN1, XLOC_503926 targeting RAG2, XLOC_187711 targeting DLG4 were included. CONCLUSION All of these differential lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in pineal gland provide a novel resource for elucidating regulatory mechanism underlying STH sheep prolificacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chunhuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang P, Sun Y, Li Y, Fan J, Zong Y, Isa AM, Shi L, Wang Y, Ni A, Ge P, Jiang L, Bian S, Ma H, Yuan Z, Liu X, Chen J. Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 33531070 PMCID: PMC7856796 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens. The avian pineal gland is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development. However, the involvement of pineal gland in the light transduction process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function. Results A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn (Shaver strain) were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light (12L:12D group) or 24 h of darkness (0L:24D group) for 18 d. Compared to 0L:24D group, the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability. The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation which may be linked to the observed increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); primary secretion of the liver. Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area, wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation. Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes (brain and muscle ARNT-like-1, BMAL1; circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, CLOCK; and cryptochrome-1, CRY1) and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT) were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group, but not in the 0L:24D group. Simultaneously, the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin (MT), which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies. Conclusions The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance. Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation. It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development, and the potential mechanism could be through enhanced secretion of MT in the 12L:12D group which promotes the secretion of IGF-1. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-020-00539-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhe Zong
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Adamu Mani Isa
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingzhuang Ge
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shixiong Bian
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengdong Yuan
- Beijing DQY Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Jiang W, Wu H, Guo R, Xu X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Yan X, Gu W, Liu X, Cao F, Li Y, Han T, Sun C. Dibromoacetic acid exposure is associated with abnormal melatonin rhythm in rats via inhibition of p-CREB1-AANAT signalling pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111401. [PMID: 33038730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) is a by-product of disinfection in drinking water, which could cause many adverse effects in test animals. However, little research on its neurotoxicity has been conducted, and its mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study, ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were administered DBA at doses of 0, 30, and 90 mg/kg body weight for 28 days via oral gavage. We found that DBA could induce obvious neurotoxicity in the pineal gland as indicated by histological changes and impaired rhythm of melatonin in pineal and serum. In the mechanism study, transcriptome data showed that DBA exposure could induce 732 differential expression genes. Besides, GO and KEGG analysis results indicated that these genes were enriched in circadian rhythms, among which CREB1 had the most significant fold change. And immunofluorescence staining (IF) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) results showed that the number of amber-colored masculine neurons for the p-CREB1 in the 90 mg/kg group was markedly lower, and staining for the p-CREB1 was weaker. Moreover, the results of PCR and western blot showed that DBA exposure could down-regulate the expressions of CREB1 and p-CREB1, leading to the decreased expressions of gene and protein of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), and then resulting in the impaired melatonin synthesis in the pineal and serum. In conclusion, DBA exposure is associated with abnormal melatonin rhythm via inhibition of the p-CREB1-AANAT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Huanyu Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - XiTao Jiang
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Xuemin Yan
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Wenbo Gu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China
| | - Fengyu Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China.
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, PR China; College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiamusi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province 154000, PR China.
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