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Li Y, Huang T, Redline S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Schernhammer ES, Hu FB. Use of melatonin supplements and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the USA: insights from three prospective cohort studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024:S2213-8587(24)00096-2. [PMID: 38710189 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(24)00096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of melatonin supplements has been increasing substantially in both children and adults in the USA; however, their long-term cardiometabolic effects remain unclear. We aimed to assess the associations between regular use of melatonin supplements and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease in adults. METHODS In this study, we included individuals from three US cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (women only), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (men only), and the Nurses' Health Study II (women only). Women aged 25-55 years and men aged 45-75 years at baseline, who had no diagnosis of cancer at baseline, and who responded to the question about melatonin supplement use (yes or no) were included. We excluded baseline prevalent cardiovascular disease and baseline prevalent type 2 diabetes for the main analyses. The main outcomes were cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes incidence. In secondary analyses, we stratified by duration of rotating night shift work in the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II to examine whether the associations with melatonin supplement use differed by rotating night shift work. FINDINGS For the cardiovascular disease analysis, we included 67 202 women from the Nurses' Health Study (follow-up 1998-2019, mean age at baseline: 63·6 years [SD 7·1]), 26 629 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998-2020, 62·9 years [8·8], and 65 241 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (2003-19, 48·2 years [4·7]). Follow-up for incident type 2 diabetes was from 1998 to June 30, 2021, for the Nurses' Health Study; 2003 to Jan 31, 2023, for the Nurses' Health Study II; and from 1998 to Jan 31, 2020, for the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study. Melatonin supplement use in the study cohorts doubled over recent decades from less than 2% in 1998-2007 to 4% or higher in 2014-15 (4·0% in men and 5·3% in women). We documented 16 917 incident cardiovascular disease events during 2 609 068 person-years of follow-up and 12 730 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during 2 701 830 person-years of follow-up. In a pooled analysis of the three cohorts, comparing users with non-users of melatonin supplements, the pooled multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were 0·94 (95% CI 0·83-1·06, p=0·32) for cardiovascular disease and 0·98 (0·86-1·12, p=0·80) for type 2 diabetes. In secondary analyses, melatonin supplement use appeared to attenuate the positive association between long-term shift work (>5 years) and risk of cardiovascular disease (pinteraction=0·013) among the female nurses. INTERPRETATION With up to 23 years of follow-up of three large prospective cohorts of middle-aged and older men and women, self-reported melatonin supplement use was not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Further research is warranted to assess if melatonin supplement use could mitigate the potential risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease associated with rotating night shift work. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bogl LH, Strohmaier S, Hu FB, Willett WC, Eliassen AH, Hart JE, Sun Q, Chavarro JE, Field AE, Schernhammer ES. Maternal One-Carbon Nutrient Intake and Risk of Being Overweight or Obese in Their Offspring-A Transgenerational Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1210. [PMID: 38674900 PMCID: PMC11054902 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal intake of folate, vitamin B12, B6, B2, methionine, choline, phosphatidylcholine and betaine during the period surrounding pregnancy and offspring weight outcomes from birth to early adulthood. These associations were examined among 2454 mother-child pairs from the Nurses' Health Study II and Growing Up Today Study. Maternal energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were derived from food frequency questionnaires. Birth weight, body size at age 5 and repeated BMI measurements were considered. Overweight/obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (<18 years) and World Health Organization guidelines (18+ years). Among other estimands, we report relative risks (RRs) for offspring ever being overweight with corresponding 95% confidence intervals across quintiles of dietary factors, with the lowest quintile as the reference. In multivariate-adjusted models, higher maternal intakes of phosphatidylcholine were associated with a higher risk of offspring ever being overweight (RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.16 [1.01-1.33] p-trend: 0.003). The association was stronger among offspring born to mothers with high red meat intake (high red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.50 [1.14-1.98], p-trend: 0.001; low red meat RRQ5vsQ1 = 1.05 [0.87-1.27], p-trend: 0.46; p-interaction = 0.13). Future studies confirming the association between a higher maternal phosphatidylcholine intake during pregnancy and offspring risk of being overweight or obese are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H. Bogl
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (L.H.B.); (S.S.)
- School of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (L.H.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA (J.E.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA (J.E.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA (J.E.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA (J.E.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA (J.E.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alison E. Field
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (L.H.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Schernhammer ES, Klösch G, Ellinger I, Winkler D, Winkler-Pjrek E, Jordakieva G, Papantoniou K, Strohmaier S, Lell B, Waldhauser F. The history of circadian rhythm research in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:209-214. [PMID: 37256421 PMCID: PMC11006755 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In view of the recent revival of interest in circadian biology and circadian epidemiology at the Medical University of Vienna, it seems appropriate to highlight the rich and pioneering history of circadian research in Austria. Among the forefathers of circadian research in Vienna are Otto Marburg (1874-1948), who discovered important elements of the pineal gland physiology, Robert Hofstätter (1883-1970), who used pineal gland extract in obstetrics/gynecology, and Paul Engel (1907-1997), who discovered that the pineal gland was controlled by light. More recently, Vera Lapin (1920-2007) showed that surgical removal of the pineal gland increased tumor growth, while Franz Waldhauser (*1946) investigated melatonin in conjunction with night work. Michael Kundi (*1950) and his team conducted among the first studies demonstrating differences in rhythms of night workers and early evidence for health impairments among them. Furthermore, Vienna-born Erhard Haus (1926-2013) pioneered the discovery of the role and importance of melatonin in relation to numerous diseases. This rich pioneering contribution of scientists in Vienna or with roots in Vienna is continued today by a new generation of chronobiologists, epidemiologists and clinicians in Vienna whose new insights contribute to the rapidly developing field of circadian rhythms research. Current topics and contributions relate to the impact of circadian rhythm disruption on health, and the application of chronotherapeutic approaches in clinical and preventive settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edda Winkler-Pjrek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalsgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, 1st Internal Medicine Department, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Recherches Médicale de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Franz Waldhauser
- Department for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, General Hospital Vienna AKH, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Żebrowska M, Strohmaier S, Westgarth C, Huttenhower C, Eliassen HA, Haghayegh S, Huang T, Laden F, Hart J, Rosner B, Kawachi I, Chavarro JE, Okereke OI, Schernhammer ES. Timing and duration of dog walking and dog owner's chronotype in relation to incident depression risk among middle to older-aged female nurses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296922. [PMID: 38295024 PMCID: PMC10829988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined associations between dog ownership, morning dog walking and its timing and duration, and depression risk in female nurses, exploring effect modification by chronotype. We hypothesized that dog ownership and morning walking with the dog are associated with lower odds of depression, and that the latter is particularly beneficial for evening chronotypes by helping them to synchronize their biological clock with the solar system. METHODS 26,169 depression-free US women aged 53-72 from the Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2) were prospectively followed from 2017-2019. We used age- and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for depression according to dog ownership, and morning dog walking, duration, and timing. RESULTS Overall, there was no association between owning a dog (ORvs_no_pets = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.91-1.37), morning dog walking (ORvs_not = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.64-1.18), or the duration (OR>30min vs. ≤15mins = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.35-1.29) or timing of morning dog walks (ORafter9am vs. before7am = 1.06, 95%CI = 0.54-2.05) and depression. Chronotype of dog owners appeared to modify these associations. Compared to women of the same chronotype but without pets, dog owners with evening chronotypes had a significantly increased odds of depression (OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.12-2.29), whereas morning chronotypes did not (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.71-1.23). Further, our data suggested that evening chronotypes benefited more from walking their dog themselves in the morning (OR = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.46-1.23, Pintx = 0.064;) than morning chronotypes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, dog ownership was not associated with depression risk though it was increased among evening chronotypes. Walking their dog in the morning might help evening chronotypes to lower their odds of depression, though more data are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żebrowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carri Westgarth
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shahab Haghayegh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jaime Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Chowdhury-Paulino IM, Vaselkiv JB, Cheng I, Schernhammer ES, Lin Z, Haiman CA, Le Marchand L, Valdimarsdóttir U, Wilkens LR, Markt SC, Mucci LA. Adiposity, Weight Change, and Urinary Melatonin Levels among Men in the Multiethnic Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:136-142. [PMID: 37909946 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, the primary urinary metabolite of melatonin, have been linked to cancer and cardiometabolic outcomes in White and female populations. METHODS We examined the association between adulthood adiposity and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels in a racially and ethnically diverse population. Our study included 4,078 men in the Multiethnic Cohort with adiposity measurements at enrollment (1993-1996) and biomarkers measured in urines collected in 1995 and 2005. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the percent change in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were examined separately by racial/ethnic group. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity varied by race and ethnicity, from 10% for Japanese American men to 34% for Native Hawaiian men. Compared with men with normal body mass index (BMI), men who were overweight (-7.8%; 95% CI, -11.9 to -3.5%) and obese (-18.1%; 95% CI, -23.2 to -12.6%) had significantly lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels adjusting for potential confounding factors. Increasing weight gain in adulthood was also associated with lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (Ptrend < 0.0001). The inverse associations for BMI and weight change were qualitatively similar across racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is inversely associated with melatonin in a racially diverse population. This finding is relevant given higher rates of obesity among Black, Native Hawaiian, and Latino men, as well as potential racial and ethnic differences in circadian function. IMPACT Melatonin may be a relevant biomarker among obesity-associated malignancies and could shed light on a potential mechanism of cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane B Vaselkiv
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhike Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Unnur Valdimarsdóttir
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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Nys E, Pauwels S, Ádám B, Amaro J, Athanasiou A, Bashkin O, Bric TK, Bulat P, Caglayan C, Guseva Canu I, Cebanu S, Charbotel B, Cirule J, Curti S, Davidovitch N, Dopelt K, Fikfak MD, Frilander H, Gustavsson P, Höper AC, Kiran S, Kogevinas M, Kudász F, Kolstad HA, Lazarevic SB, Macan J, Majery N, Marinaccio A, Mates D, Mattioli S, McElvenny DM, Mediouni Z, Mehlum IS, Merisalu E, Mijakoski D, Nena E, Noone P, Otelea MR, Pelclova D, Pranjic N, Rosso M, Serra C, Rushton L, Sandal A, Schernhammer ES, Stoleski S, Turner MC, van der Molen HF, Varga M, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Straif K, Godderis L. Recognition of COVID-19 with occupational origin: a comparison between European countries. Occup Environ Med 2023; 80:694-701. [PMID: 37984917 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2022-108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to present an overview of the formal recognition of COVID-19 as occupational disease (OD) or injury (OI) across Europe. METHODS A COVID-19 questionnaire was designed by a task group within COST-funded OMEGA-NET and sent to occupational health experts of 37 countries in WHO European region, with a last update in April 2022. RESULTS The questionnaire was filled out by experts from 35 countries. There are large differences between national systems regarding the recognition of OD and OI: 40% of countries have a list system, 57% a mixed system and one country an open system. In most countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as an OD (57%). In four countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as OI (11%) and in seven countries as either OD or OI (20%). In two countries, there is no recognition possible to date. Thirty-two countries (91%) recognise COVID-19 as OD/OI among healthcare workers. Working in certain jobs is considered proof of occupational exposure in 25 countries, contact with a colleague with confirmed infection in 19 countries, and contact with clients with confirmed infection in 21 countries. In most countries (57%), a positive PCR test is considered proof of disease. The three most common compensation benefits for COVID-19 as OI/OD are disability pension, treatment and rehabilitation. Long COVID is included in 26 countries. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 can be recognised as OD or OI in 94% of the European countries completing this survey, across different social security and embedded occupational health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Nys
- External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, IDEWE vzw, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Pauwels
- Centre Environment & Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - João Amaro
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Athanasios Athanasiou
- Department of Labour Inspection, Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Osnat Bashkin
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | | | - Petar Bulat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cigdem Caglayan
- Department of Public Health, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serghei Cebanu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | - Jolanta Cirule
- Occupational and Radiation Medicine Center, Paul Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Stefania Curti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadav Davidovitch
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Southern, Israel
| | - Keren Dopelt
- Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Metoda Dodic Fikfak
- Institute of Occupational Traffic and Sports Medicine, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heikki Frilander
- Occupational Medicine Team, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Gustavsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anje Christina Höper
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT Norges arktiske universitet, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sibel Kiran
- School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Koc Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ferenc Kudász
- National Center for Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sanja Brekalo Lazarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Macan
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicole Majery
- Service de Santé au travail Multisectoriel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Epidemiology Unit, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Department, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Dana Mates
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefano Mattioli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Damien Martin McElvenny
- Insitute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zakia Mediouni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eda Merisalu
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dragan Mijakoski
- Institute of Occupational Health of RNM-Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Peter Noone
- Occupational Health Department, HSE Dublin North East, Lourdes Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Clinic of Occupational Pathology and Toxicology, University Institute of Primary Health, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mark Rosso
- Occupational Health and Safety Authority, Pieta, Malta
| | - Consol Serra
- Centre of Research in Occupational Health, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lesley Rushton
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Abdulsamet Sandal
- Occupational Diseases Clinic, Ankara Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasho Stoleski
- Institute of Occupational Health of RNM-Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre of Research in Occupational Health, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Henk F van der Molen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marek Varga
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Medical Faculty of P. J. Šafarik University and University Hospital of Louis Pasteur, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Kurt Straif
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lode Godderis
- External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, IDEWE vzw, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre Environment & Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Schernhammer ES, Weitzer J, Han E, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Laubichler MD, Birmann BM, Steiner G. Determinants of trust in times of crises: A cross-sectional study of 3,065 German-speaking adults from the D-A-CH region. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286488. [PMID: 37824449 PMCID: PMC10569553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal trust declined worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic; strategies are needed to restore it. We surveyed 3,065 quota-sampled German-speaking adults residing in the D-A-CH region. Using multinomial logistic regression models and backward elimination for variable selection, we calculated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to appraise correlates of interpersonal trust using the Interpersonal Trust Short Scale (KUSIV3). Participants with high levels of interpersonal trust (top KUSIV3 tertile (T3)) tended to be older, male, residents of Switzerland, university degree holders, and workers with higher income and work satisfaction (all Pdiff<0.01) compared to those in the lowest KUSIV3 tertile (T1). Optimism was most strongly associated with high interpersonal trust (ORT3vsT1 = 5.75, 95%CI = 4.33-7.64). Also significantly associated with high interpersonal trust were: Having voted in the last national election (for the opposition, OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.02-1.89 or the governing party, OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.23-2.11) versus non-voters; perspective taking (ORT3vsT1 = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.11-1.91); being more extraverted (ORT3vsT1 = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.53-2.59) and more agreeable (ORT3vsT1 = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.46-2.61); and scoring higher on complexity thinking (ORT3vsT1 = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.01-1.72). Participants scoring significantly lower for interpersonal trust did not regularly participate in religious meetings (OR = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.44-0.84, versus participation at least monthly); were more conscientious (ORT3vsT1 = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.51-0.91) or current smokers (OR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.53-0.87, versus never smoking); had sleep problems >5 times a week (OR = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.36-0.66, versus none); and scored high on conspiracy belief (ORT3vsT1 = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.41-0.69). Results differed minimally by gender and country. These findings may be helpful in devising targeted strategies to strengthen interpersonal trust and social engagement in European societies, especially during times of crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilie Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Freiberg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Fraunhofer Technologiezentrum für Hochleistungsmaterialien THM, Freiberg, Germany
- Saxonian Academy of Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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8
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Zielinska-Dabkowska KM, Schernhammer ES, Hanifin JP, Brainard GC. Reducing nighttime light exposure in the urban environment to benefit human health and society. Science 2023; 380:1130-1135. [PMID: 37319219 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal light pollution can have profound effects on humans and other organisms. Recent research indicates that nighttime outdoor lighting is increasing rapidly. Evidence from controlled laboratory studies demonstrates that nocturnal light exposure can strain the visual system, disrupt circadian physiology, suppress melatonin secretion, and impair sleep. There is a growing body of work pointing to adverse effects of outdoor lighting on human health, including the risk of chronic diseases, but this knowledge is in a more nascent stage. In this Review, we synthesize recent research on the context-specific factors and physiology relevant to nocturnal light exposure in relation to human health and society, identify critical areas for future research, and highlight recent policy steps and recommendations for mitigating light pollution in the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Zielinska-Dabkowska
- GUT LightLab Department of Architecture, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - E S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J P Hanifin
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - G C Brainard
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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9
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Gumz ML, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Balijepalli RC, Benedict C, Chen Y, Earnest DJ, Gamble KL, Garrison SR, Gong MC, Hogenesch JB, Hong Y, Ivy JR, Joe B, Laposky AD, Liang M, MacLaughlin EJ, Martino TA, Pollock DM, Redline S, Rogers A, Dan Rudic R, Schernhammer ES, Stergiou GS, St-Onge MP, Wang X, Wright J, Oh YS. Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report. Hypertension 2023; 80:503-522. [PMID: 36448463 PMCID: PMC9931676 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (M.L.G.)
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, The Columbia Hypertension Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (D.S.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A.)
| | - Ravi C Balijepalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden (C.B.)
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Research Department, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL (Y.C.)
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX (D.J.E.)
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (K.L.G.)
| | - Scott R Garrison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada (S.R.G.)
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.C.G.)
| | | | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.R.I.)
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (B.J.)
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (A.D.L.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (M.L.)
| | - Eric J MacLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX (E.J.M.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- Center for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (T.A.M.)
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.)
| | - Amy Rogers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - R Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, GA (R.D.R.)
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.S.S.)
| | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center, STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.S.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center' New York, NY (M.-P.S.-O.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, GA (X.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
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Żebrowska M, Strohmaier S, Westgarth C, Huttenhower C, Erber AC, Haghayegh S, Eliassen AH, Huang T, Laden F, Hart JE, Rosner B, Kawachi I, Chavarro JE, Okereke OI, Schernhammer ES. Relationship between pet ownership and risk of high depressive symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:554-561. [PMID: 36464093 PMCID: PMC9839520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few longitudinal studies with high risk of bias have examined relationship between pets and adolescents' mental health. METHODS Our prospective cohort study followed depression-free US adolescents aged 12-18, enrolled in the Growing Up Today Study from pet ownership assessment in 1999 to possible occurrence of high depressive symptoms defined based on the McKnight Risk Factor Survey between 2001 and 2003. Propensity-score-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS Among 9631 adolescents [42.4 % male, mean age 14.9 years (SD 1.6)], we found no association between pet ownership and risk of high depressive symptoms (ORany_pet = 1.14; 95%CI, 0.95-1.38). Stratified analyses revealed no evidence of effect modification by sex, but effect modification by maternal history of depression (depressed mothers ORany_pet = 0.83; 95 % CI: 0.58-1.19, non-depressed mothers ORany_pet = 1.27; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.58; Pintx = 0.03), which differed further by children's sex. Effects were more pronounced among children with a history of childhood abuse (ORany_pet = 0.41 (0.14-1.15); Pintx ≤0.03). No major differences by type of pet owned were observed in any of these analyses. LIMITATIONS Our sample is predominantly white and all are offspring of nurses with a similar academic background which could affect generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found no association between pet ownership and depression during adolescence, however subgroup analyses indicated some individuals may benefit from a pet. Future longitudinal studies with more detailed exposure assessments, including pet attachment are needed to further explore the potential of human-animal interaction on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żebrowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carri Westgarth
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Astrid C Erber
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shahab Haghayegh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Riesenhuber M, Nitsche C, Binder CJ, Schernhammer ES, Stamm T, Jakse F, Anwari E, Hamidi F, Haslacher H, Perkmann T, Hengstenberg C, Zelniker TA. Comparison of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies in healthcare workers and an unselected adult and paediatric all-comer patient population: insights from a longitudinal study of healthcare workers and concurrent serial cross-sectional studies of patients at an academic medical centre in Austria. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063760. [PMID: 36657754 PMCID: PMC9852740 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of the virus-specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antigen (anti-SARS-CoV-2 N) in healthcare workers and an all-comer paediatric and adult patient population. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A longitudinal study enrolling healthcare professionals and concurrent serial cross-sectional studies of unselected all-comer patients were conducted at an Austrian academic medical centre. Healthcare workers were tested at enrolment and after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. The cross-sectional studies in patients were conducted at three time periods, which roughly coincided with the times after the first, second and third wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Austria (ie, 24 August-7 September 2020; 8-22 February 2021 and 9-23 November 2021). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies were measured using a sandwich electrochemiluminescence assay (Roche). RESULTS In total, 2735 and 9275 samples were measured in 812 healthcare workers (median age: 40 years, 78% female) and 8451 patients (median age: 55 years, 52% female), respectively. Over the entire study period, anti-SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies were detected in 98 of 812 healthcare workers, resulting in a seroprevalence of 12.1% (95% CI 10.0% to 14.5%), which did not differ significantly (p=0.63) from that of the all-comer patient population at the end of the study period (407/3184; 12.8%, 95% CI 11.7% to 14.0%). The seroprevalence between healthcare workers and patients did not differ significantly at any time and was 1.5-fold to 2-fold higher than the number of confirmed cases in Austria throughout the pandemic. In particular, there was no significant difference in the seroprevalence between paediatric and adult patients at any of the tested time periods. CONCLUSION Throughout the pandemic, healthcare staff and an adult and paediatric all-comer patient population had similar exposure to SARS-CoV-2. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04407429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Riesenhuber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Nitsche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Tanja Stamm
- Institute for Outcomes Research, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Jakse
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Elaaha Anwari
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Fardin Hamidi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas A Zelniker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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12
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Weitzer J, Birmann BM, Steffelbauer I, Bertau M, Zenk L, Caniglia G, Laubichler MD, Steiner G, Schernhammer ES. Willingness to receive an annual COVID-19 booster vaccine in the German-speaking D-A-CH region in Europe: A cross-sectional study. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022; 18:100414. [PMID: 35651957 PMCID: PMC9148542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Emergence of new coronavirus variants and waning immunity may necessitate regular COVID-19 vaccine boosters, but empirical data on population willingness for regular vaccination are limited. Methods In August 2021, we surveyed 3,067 quota-sampled German-speaking adults residing in the D-A-CH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland). Using multivariable adjusted ordered logistic regression models we calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess factors associated with willingness to vaccinate annually against COVID-19. Findings Among 2,480 participants vaccinated or planning to get vaccinated, 82·4% indicated willingness to receive annual COVID-19 boosters. This willingness was higher in Austria (OR=1·47, 95% CI, 1·19-1·82; p < 0·001) and Germany (OR=1·98, 95% CI, 1·60-2·45; p < 0·001) versus Switzerland and increased with age. Having voted in the last national election (ORopposition party voters=1·51, 95% CI=1·18-1·92; p = 0·001 and ORgoverning party voters=1·57, 95% CI=1·28-1·93; p < 0·001, versus non-voters) and not regularly participating in religious meetings (OR=1·37, 95% CI=1·08-1·73; p = 0·009, versus participation at least monthly) were significantly associated with willingness to vaccinate, as was partial (OR=1·97, 95% CI=1·43-2·72; p < 0·001) or total (OR=5·20, 95% CI=3·76-7·19; p < 0·001) approval of COVID-19 mitigation measures (versus non-approval). By country, Austrians showed the strongest association of voting behavior and mitigation measure approval with willingness to vaccinate. Interpretation Targeted promotion programs informed by political and religious engagement and mitigation measure approval are needed to increase willingness to receive regular COVID-19 boosters. Funding Medical University of Vienna, Department of Epidemiology, Danube University Krems, Department for Knowledge and Communication Management; Austrian Society of Epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Health Promotion and Prevention, Federal Ministry of the Republic of Austria for Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Radetzkystraße 2, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Brenda M. Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ilja Steffelbauer
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany
| | - Lukas Zenk
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
| | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems an der Donau 3500, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Straße 39, Vienna 1080, Austria
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Rotating night shift work is associated with higher mortality. Whether it is also associated with overall health among those who survive to older ages remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether rotating night shift work is associated with healthy aging after 24 years of follow-up in the Nurses' Health Study, a cohort study among registered female nurses. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS For this cohort study, a composite healthy aging phenotype was ascertained among 46 318 participants who were aged 46 to 68 years and free of major chronic diseases in 1988 when the history of night shift work was assessed. In a secondary analysis in which cognitive function decline was considered in the healthy aging definition, 14 273 nurses were involved. Data were analyzed from March 1 to September 30, 2021. EXPOSURES Duration of rotating night shift work. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Healthy aging was defined as reaching at least 70 years of age and being free of 11 major chronic diseases, memory impairment, physical limitation, or deteriorated mental health. RESULTS Of 46 318 female nurses (mean [SD] age at baseline, 55.4 [6.1] years), 3695 (8.0%) achieved healthy aging after 24 years of follow-up. After adjusting for established and potential confounders, compared with women who never worked rotating night shifts, the odds of achieving healthy aging decreased significantly with increasing duration of night shift work. The odds ratios were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89-1.03) for 1 to 5 years, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.79-1.07) for 6 to 9 years, and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.91) for 10 or more years of night shift work (P = .001 for trend). This association did not differ substantially by age and lifestyles and was consistent for 4 individual dimensions of healthy aging. Results were similar in a secondary analysis, with an odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60-0.89; P < .001 for trend) comparing 10 or more years of night shift work vs no night shift work. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, rotating night shift work was associated with decreased probability of healthy aging among US female nurses. These data support the notion that excess night shift work is a significant health concern that may also lead to deteriorated overall health among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Hödlmoser S, Carrero JJ, Kurnikowski A, Fu EL, Swartling O, Winkelmayer WC, Schernhammer ES, Hecking M. Kidney Function, Kidney Replacement Therapy, and Mortality in Men and Women. Kidney Int Rep 2021; 7:444-454. [PMID: 35257057 PMCID: PMC8897304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women are more likely to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), compared with men, yet they are less likely to receive dialysis. Whether this sex disparity, which has predominantly been observed in nephrology-referred or CKD-specific cohorts so far, has a biological root cause remains unclear. Methods We extracted general population data from the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements project (SCREAM) (N = 496,097 participants, 45.5% men, 54.5% women). We used Cox regression to model male-to-female cause-specific hazard ratios (csHRs) for the competing events kidney replacement therapy (KRT, by dialysis or transplantation) and pre-KRT death, adjusted for baseline age, baseline kidney function (assessed via estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and eGFR slope), and comorbidities. Furthermore, we modeled sex-specific all-cause mortality by eGFR, again adjusted for age, eGFR slope, and comorbidities at baseline. Results Compared with women, men were significantly more likely to receive KRT (fully adjusted male-to-female csHR for KRT 1.41 [95% CI 1.13–1.76]) but also more likely to experience pre-KRT death (csHR 1.36 [95% CI 1.33–1.38]). Differences between men and women regarding all-cause mortality by eGFR indicated a higher mortality in men at low eGFR values. Conclusion Our data show that sex differences in CKD outcomes persist even after controlling for important comorbidities and kidney function at baseline. While future studies with a wider range of biological factors are warranted, these data suggest that nonbiological factors may be more important in explaining existing sex disparities in CKD progression and therapy.
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15
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Zhang Y, Song M, Yuan C, Chan AT, Schernhammer ES, Wolpin BM, Stampfer MJ, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Roberts SB, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB, Giovannucci EL, Ng K. Unrestrained eating behavior and risk of mortality: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5419-5429. [PMID: 34653818 PMCID: PMC8571025 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Unrestrained eating behavior has been thought to be a proxy for diet frequency, timing, and caloric intake. We investigated the association of unrestrained eating with mortality risk in the Nurses' Health Study prospectively. METHODS During follow-up (1994-2016), 21,953 deaths were documented among 63,999 eligible participants in analyses of eating anything at any time, 22,120 deaths were documented among 65,839 participants in analyses of no concern with figure change. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Eating anything at any time was associated with an increased mortality from cancer (overall HR, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.00-1.13; driven by gastrointestinal tract cancer: 1.30, 1.10-1.54) and respiratory disease (1.16, 1.05-1.29), and decreased cardiovascular disease-specific mortality (0.92, 0.86-0.99), compared to those without this behavior; however, no association was observed between this behavior and all-cause mortality (1.02, 0.99-1.05). Women who reported having no concern with figure change experienced higher risk of mortality from all-cause (1.08, 1.05-1.11), cancer (1.08, 1.02-1.14), and respiratory disease (1.18, 1.08-1.30), compared to those not reporting this behavior. Their combined effect was associated with a higher all-cause (1.09, 1.04-1.14), cancer-specific (overall: 1.18, 1.09-1.28; gastrointestinal tract cancer: 1.36, 1.08-1.71; lung cancer: 1.09; 1.04-1.14), and respiratory disease-specific (1.30, 1.13-1.50) mortality, and was inversely associated with cardiovascular disease-specific mortality (0.88, 0.80-0.98), compared to those exhibiting the opposite. CONCLUSIONS Unrestrained eating was associated with increased risk of all-cause, cancer-specific (particularly for gastrointestinal tract cancer and lung cancer), and respiratory disease-specific mortality, and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Song M, Chan AT, Schernhammer ES, Wolpin BM, Stampfer MJ, Meyerhardt JA, Fuchs CS, Roberts SB, Willett WC, Hu FB, Giovannucci EL, Ng K. Unrestrained eating behavior and risk of digestive system cancers: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1612-1624. [PMID: 34293086 PMCID: PMC8588850 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unrestrained eating behavior, as a potential proxy for diet frequency, timing, and caloric intake, has been questioned as a plausible risk factor for digestive system cancers, but epidemiological evidence remains sparse. OBJECTIVES We investigated prospectively the associations between unrestrained eating behavior and digestive system cancer risk. METHODS Participants in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of cancer and reported dietary information in 1994 were followed for ≤18 y. Cox models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for unrestrained eating (eating anything at any time, no concern with figure change, or both) and risk of digestive system cancers. RESULTS During follow-up, 2064 digestive system cancer cases were documented among 70,450 eligible participants in analyses of eating anything at any time, In total, 2081 digestive system cancer cases were documented among 72,468 eligible participants in analyses of no concern with figure change. In fully adjusted analyses, women with the behavior of eating anything at any time had a higher risk of overall digestive system cancer (HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.35), overall gastrointestinal tract cancer ((HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.50), buccal cavity and pharynx cancer (HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.21), esophageal cancer (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.62), small intestine cancer (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.02,3. 59), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.38), and a non-statistically significant increased risk of stomach cancer (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.96,2.48), compared with women without this behavior. No statistically significant association was observed for pancreatic cancer and liver and gallbladder cancer. The combined effect of eating anything at any time and having no concern with figure change was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall digestive system cancer (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.46), overall gastrointestinal tract cancer (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.71), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.63), compared with women exhibiting the opposite. CONCLUSIONS Unrestrained eating behavior was independently associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal tract cancers. The potential importance of unrestrained eating behavior modification in preventing gastrointestinal tract cancers should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Address correspondence to YZ (emails: and )
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Huang T, Lin BM, Stampfer MJ, Schernhammer ES, Saxena R, Tworoger SS, Redline S. Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with total and site-specific cancer risk in older women: a prospective study. Sleep 2021; 44:5917873. [PMID: 33015707 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Chronic intermittent hypoxia resulting from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may activate multiple carcinogenic pathways and lead to cancer development. METHODS We prospectively examined the association between OSA and cancer risk among 65,330 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were free of cancer in 2008 (mean age: 73.3 years). Incident cancer diagnoses were collected until 2016 and confirmed by pathology reports. Clinically diagnosed OSA was self-reported in 2008 and updated in 2012. We used time-dependent Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of OSA with total and site-specific cancer risk. RESULTS We documented 5,257 incident cancer diagnoses during follow-up. In the age-adjusted model, OSA was associated with a 15% (95% CI: 1.03, 1.29) increase in total cancer risk. The association became nonsignificant after adjustment for multiple cancer risk factors (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.21). When examining cancer risk by site, OSA was associated with significantly increased risk for lung (fully adjusted HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.17), bladder (fully adjusted HR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.35), and thyroid cancer (fully adjusted HR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 4.22) and possibly increased risk for kidney cancer (fully adjusted HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.84, 3.01). When grouping cancer sites by risk factor profiles, OSA was positively associated with smoking-related cancers (fully adjusted HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.67), and this association was stronger in never smokers than ever smokers. CONCLUSION While OSA was not independently associated with overall cancer risk in older women, significant associations were observed for smoking-related cancers, especially in nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brian M Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Daghlas I, Richmond RC, Lane JM, Dashti HS, Ollila HM, Schernhammer ES, Smith GD, Rutter MK, Saxena R, Vetter C. Selection into shift work is influenced by educational attainment and body mass index: a Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1229-1240. [PMID: 33712841 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is associated with increased cardiometabolic disease risk. This observation may be partly explained by cardiometabolic risk factors having a role in the selection of individuals into or out of shift work. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in the UK Biobank (UKB) to test this hypothesis. METHODS We used genetic risk scores (GRS) to proxy nine cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases (including educational attainment, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption), and tested associations of each GRS with self-reported frequency of current shift work among employed UKB participants of European ancestry (n = 190 573). We used summary-level MR sensitivity analyses to assess robustness of the identified effects, and we tested whether effects were mediated through sleep timing preference. RESULTS Genetically instrumented liability to lower educational attainment (odds ratio (OR) per 3.6 fewer years in educational attainment = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.22-2.59, P = 4.84 × 10-20) and higher body mass index (OR per 4.7 kg/m2 higher BMI = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.14-1.47, P = 5.85 × 10-5) increased odds of reporting participation in frequent shift work. Results were unchanged in sensitivity analyses allowing for different assumptions regarding horizontal pleiotropy. No selection effects were evident for the remaining exposures, nor for any exposures on selection out of shift work. Sleep timing preference did not mediate the effects of BMI and educational attainment on selection into shift work. CONCLUSIONS Liability to lower educational attainment and higher BMI may influence selection into shift work. This phenomenon may bias epidemiological studies of shift work that are performed in the UKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyas Daghlas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Céline Vetter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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19
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Hödlmoser S, Winkelmayer WC, Zee J, Pecoits-Filho R, Pisoni RL, Port FK, Robinson BM, Ristl R, Krenn S, Kurnikowski A, Lewandowski M, Ton A, Carrero JJ, Schernhammer ES, Hecking M. Sex differences in chronic kidney disease awareness among US adults, 1999 to 2018. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243431. [PMID: 33338051 PMCID: PMC7748269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less prevalent among men than women, but more men than women initiate kidney replacement therapy. Differences in CKD awareness may contribute to this gender gap, which may further vary by race/ethnicity. We aimed to investigate trends in CKD awareness and the association between individual characteristics and CKD awareness among US men versus women. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a serial, cross-sectional analysis of 10 cycles (1999-2018) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Adult participants with CKD stages G3-G5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73m2) were included, unless they were on dialysis or medical information was missing. Serum creatinine was measured during NHANES medical exams. CKD stage was classified by eGFR, based on the CKD-EPI formula. CKD awareness was assessed with the question: "Have you ever been told by a health care professional you had weak or failing kidneys", asked in standardized NHANES questionnaires on each survey. Using logistic regression models, we evaluated the association between sex and CKD awareness, adjusting for potential confounders including age, race/ethnicity and comorbidities. We stratified CKD awareness by 5 pre-defined calendar-year periods and conducted all analyses for the complete study population as well as the Caucasian and African American subpopulations. We found that among 101871 US persons participating in NHANES, 4411 (2232 women) had CKD in stages G3-G5. These participants were, on average, 73±10 years old, 25.3% reported diabetes, 78.0% reported hypertension or had elevated blood pressure during medical examinations and 39.8% were obese (percentages were survey-weighted). CKD awareness was more prevalent among those with higher CKD stage, younger age, diabetes, hypertension and higher body mass index. CKD awareness was generally low (<22.5%), though it increased throughout the study period, remaining consistently higher among men compared to women, with a decreasing gender gap over time (adjusted odds ratio [men-to-women] for CKD awareness = 2.71 [1.31-5.64] in period 1; = 1.32 [0.82-2.12] in period 5). The sex difference in CKD awareness was smaller in African American participants, in whom CKD awareness was generally higher. Using serum creatinine rather than eGFR as the CKD-defining exposure, CKD awareness increased with rising serum creatinine, in a close to identical fashion among both sexes during 1999-2008, while during 2009-2018, CKD awareness among women increased earlier than among men (i.e. with lower serum creatinine levels). CONCLUSIONS CKD awareness is lower among US women than men. The narrowing gap between the sexes in more recent years and the results on CKD awareness by serum creatinine indicate that health care professionals have previously been relying on serum creatinine to inform patients about their condition, but in more recent years have been using eGFR, which accounts for women's lower serum creatinine levels due to their lower muscle mass. Additional efforts should be made to increase CKD awareness among both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hödlmoser
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jarcy Zee
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ronald L. Pisoni
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Friedrich K. Port
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Robinson
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Robin Ristl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Krenn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amelie Kurnikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Lewandowski
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Allison Ton
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Manfred Hecking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology & Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zenk L, Steiner G, Pina e Cunha M, Laubichler MD, Bertau M, Kainz MJ, Jäger C, Schernhammer ES. Fast Response to Superspreading: Uncertainty and Complexity in the Context of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7884. [PMID: 33121161 PMCID: PMC7663466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave has peaked with the second wave underway, the world is still struggling to manage potential systemic risks and unpredictability of the pandemic. A particular challenge is the "superspreading" of the virus, which starts abruptly, is difficult to predict, and can quickly escalate into medical and socio-economic emergencies that contribute to long-lasting crises challenging our current ways of life. In these uncertain times, organizations and societies worldwide are faced with the need to develop appropriate strategies and intervention portfolios that require fast understanding of the complex interdependencies in our world and rapid, flexible action to contain the spread of the virus as quickly as possible, thus preventing further disastrous consequences of the pandemic. We integrate perspectives from systems sciences, epidemiology, biology, social networks, and organizational research in the context of the superspreading phenomenon to understand the complex system of COVID-19 pandemic and develop suggestions for interventions aimed at rapid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zenk
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria;
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Department of Knowledge and Communication Management, Faculty of Business and Globalization, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria;
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Miguel Pina e Cunha
- Nova School of Business and Economics, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2775-405 Carcavelos, Portugal;
| | - Manfred D. Laubichler
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.J.)
- School of Complex Adaptive Systems Tempe, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2701, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Global Climate Forum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bertau
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Martin J. Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz-Inter-University Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria;
| | - Carlo Jäger
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.J.)
- School of Complex Adaptive Systems Tempe, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2701, USA
- Global Climate Forum, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.D.L.); (C.J.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Zhang Y, Birmann BM, Han J, Giovannucci EL, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ, Rosner BA, Schernhammer ES. Personal use of permanent hair dyes and cancer risk and mortality in US women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020; 370:m2942. [PMID: 32878860 PMCID: PMC7463170 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the associations between personal use of permanent hair dyes and cancer risk and mortality. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 117 200 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of female nurses in the United States. The women were free of cancer at baseline, reported information on personal use of permanent hair dyes, and were followed for 36 years. EXPOSURE Status, duration, frequency, and integral use (cumulative dose calculated from duration and frequency) of permanent hair dyes. Age at first use and time since first use of permanent hair dyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations of personal use of permanent hair dyes with risk of overall cancer and specific cancers, and cancer related death. Age and multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Ever users of permanent hair dyes had no significant increases in risk of solid cancers (n=20 805, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers; hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.01) or hematopoietic cancers overall (n=1807; 1.00, 0.91 to 1.10) compared with non-users. Additionally, ever users did not have an increased risk of most specific cancers (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, melanoma, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, hormone receptor positive breast cancer, brain cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, and most of the major subclasses and histological subtypes of hematopoietic cancer) or cancer related death (n=4860; 0.96, 0.91 to 1.02). Basal cell carcinoma risk was slightly increased for ever users (n=22 560; 1.05, 1.02 to 1.08). Cumulative dose was positively associated with risk of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, progesterone receptor negative breast cancer, hormone receptor negative breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. An increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma was observed only for women with naturally dark hair (based on 70 women, 24 with dark hair), and a higher risk of basal cell carcinoma was observed for women with naturally light hair. CONCLUSION No positive association was found between personal use of permanent hair dye and risk of most cancers and cancer related mortality. The increased risk of basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer (estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, hormone receptor negative) and ovarian cancer, and the mixed findings in analyses stratified by natural hair color warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank E Speizer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Huang T, Zeleznik OA, Poole EM, Clish CB, Deik AA, Scott JM, Vetter C, Schernhammer ES, Brunner R, Hale L, Manson JE, Hu FB, Redline S, Tworoger SS, Rexrode KM. Habitual sleep quality, plasma metabolites and risk of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1262-1274. [PMID: 30371783 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest a strong link between poor habitual sleep quality and increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, the underlying mechanisms are not entirely clear. Metabolomic profiling may elucidate systemic differences associated with sleep quality that influence cardiometabolic health. METHODS We explored cross-sectional associations between sleep quality and plasma metabolites in a nested case-control study of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI; n = 1956) and attempted to replicate the results in an independent sample from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; n = 209). A sleep-quality score (SQS) was derived from self-reported sleep problems asked in both populations. Plasma metabolomics were assayed using LC-MS with 347 known metabolites. General linear regression was used to identify individual metabolites associated with continuous SQS (false-discovery rate <0.05). Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithms, a metabolite score was created from replicated metabolites and evaluated with CHD risk in the WHI. RESULTS After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) and smoking, we identified 69 metabolites associated with SQS in the WHI (59 were lipids). Of these, 16 were replicated in NHSII (15 were lipids), including 6 triglycerides (TAGs), 4 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 3 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 1 diglyceride (DAG), 1 lysophosphatidylcholine and N6-acetyl-L-lysine (a product of histone acetylation). These metabolites were consistently higher among women with poorer sleep quality. The LASSO selection resulted in a nine-metabolite score (TAGs 45: 1, 48: 1, 50: 4; DAG 32: 1; PEs 36: 4, 38: 5; PCs 30: 1, 40: 6; N6-acetyl-L-lysine), which was positively associated with CHD risk (odds ratio per SD increase in the score: 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.28; p = 0.0003) in the WHI after adjustment for matching factors and conventional CHD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Differences in lipid metabolites may be an important pathogenic pathway linking poor habitual sleep quality and CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oana A Zeleznik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Rada S, Strohmaier S, Drucker AM, Eliassen AH, Schernhammer ES. Night shift work surrounding pregnancy and offspring risk of atopic disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231784. [PMID: 32298373 PMCID: PMC7161965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift work surrounding pregnancy may contribute to the risk of developing atopic diseases in offspring due to alterations in the prenatal environment, from stress. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal night shift work surrounding pregnancy and offspring risk of developing atopic diseases from childhood to adolescence. METHODS We examined the association between night shift work before and during pregnancy among 4,044 mothers in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and atopic dermatitis, asthma and hay fever risk in 4,813 of their offspring enrolled in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS). Mothers reported whether GUTS participants had ever been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in the GUTS Mothers' questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation regression models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There were no significant associations between pre-conception maternal night shift work and risk of atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in their offspring. Among 545 mothers with information on night shift work during pregnancy, shift work also was not associated with atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever in the offspring. Stratified analyses by history of parental atopy and maternal chronotype showed some statistically significant findings, but they were inconsistent and no significant interaction was seen with increasing duration of night shift work. CONCLUSION In this study, night shift work before and during pregnancy did not increase offspring risk of developing atopic dermatitis, asthma or hay fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rada
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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24
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Johnson CY, Tanz LJ, Lawson CC, Schernhammer ES, Vetter C, Rich‐Edwards JW. Night shift work and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in female nurses. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:240-248. [PMID: 31828843 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift work is associated with cardiovascular disease, but its associations with cardiovascular disease biomarkers are unclear. We investigated these associations in a study of female nurses. METHODS We used data from the Nurses' Health Study II for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. The sample sizes for our analysis ranged from 458 (fibrinogen) to 3574 (total cholesterol). From questionnaires, we determined the number of night shifts worked in the 2 weeks before blood collection and total years of rotating night shift work. We used quantile regression to estimate differences in biomarker levels by shift work history, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Nurses working 1 to 4 recent night shifts had median HDL cholesterol levels 4.4 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.3, 7.5) lower than nurses without recent night shifts. However, working ≥5 recent night shifts and years of rotating night shift work were not associated with HDL cholesterol. There was no association between recent night shifts and CRP, but median CRP levels were 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.2), 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.4), and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.4) mg/L higher among nurses working rotating night shifts for 1 to 5, 6 to 9, and ≥10 years compared with nurses never working rotating night shifts. These associations were attenuated when excluding postmenopausal women and women taking statins. We observed no associations between night shift work and other biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS We found suggestive evidence of adverse short-term and long-term effects of night shift work on select cardiovascular disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Y. Johnson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Lauren J. Tanz
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Women's HealthBrigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
| | - Christina C. Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Department of EpidemiologyCenter for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder Colorado
| | - Janet W. Rich‐Edwards
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
- Division of Women's HealthBrigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
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25
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Bethea TN, Zhou ES, Schernhammer ES, Castro-Webb N, Cozier YC, Rosenberg L. Perceived racial discrimination and risk of insomnia among middle-aged and elderly Black women. Sleep 2020; 43:zsz208. [PMID: 31555803 PMCID: PMC6955644 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess whether perceived racial discrimination is associated with insomnia among Black women. METHODS Data on everyday and lifetime racism and insomnia symptoms were collected from questionnaires administered in the Black Women's Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort of Black women recruited in 1995 from across the United States. In 2009, participants completed five questions on the frequency of discriminatory practices in daily life (everyday racism) and six questions on ever experiencing unfair treatment in key institutional contexts (lifetime racism). In 2015, the Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess insomnia symptoms. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations of racism with insomnia, using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The 26 139 participants in the analytic sample were 40-90 years old (median = 57 years, SD = 9.6 years). Higher levels of everyday racism and lifetime racism were positively associated with subthreshold (ptrend < .01) and clinical insomnia (ptrend < .01). Results remained unchanged after further adjustment for sleep duration and shift work. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of perceived racism were associated with increased odds of insomnia among middle-aged and elderly Black women. Thus, perceived racism may contribute to multiple racial health disparities resulting from insomnia. Helping minority populations cope with their experiences of discrimination may decrease the significant public health impact of sleep disruption and subsequent diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Yvette C Cozier
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
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26
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Zhang Y, Birmann BM, Papantoniou K, Zhou ES, Erber AC, Schernhammer ES. Rotating Nightshift Work and Hematopoietic Cancer Risk in US Female Nurses. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 4:pkz106. [PMID: 32195452 PMCID: PMC7073913 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nightshift work is a plausible risk factor for hematologic cancer, but epidemiological evidence remains sparse, especially for individual subtypes. We prospectively examined the association of rotating nightshift work with hematopoietic cancer risk. Methods This cohort study included US women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS: n = 76 846, 1988–2012) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII: n = 113 087, 1989–2013). Rotating nightshift work duration was assessed at baseline (both cohorts) and cumulatively updated (NHSII). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall hematopoietic cancer and specific histologic subtypes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results We documented 1405 (NHS) and 505 (NHSII) incident hematopoietic cancer cases during follow-up. In NHS, compared with women who never worked rotating nightshifts, longer rotating nightshift work duration was associated with an increased risk of overall hematopoietic cancer (HR1–14y = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.04; HR≥15y = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.55; Ptrend = .009). In NHSII, results were similar though not statistically significant (HR1–14y = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.21; HR≥15y = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.88 to 2.26; Ptrend = .47). In the subtype analyses in the NHS, the association of history of rotating nightshift work with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma varied by duration (HR1–14y = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.98; HR≥15y = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.07 to 2.67; Ptrend = .01) compared with those who never worked rotating nightshifts. Women reporting a longer history of rotating nightshifts also had suggestive (statistically nonsignificant) increased risks of overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR≥15y = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.49), Hodgkin lymphoma (HR≥15y = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.43 to 4.06), and multiple myeloma (HR≥15y = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.85 to 2.39). Conclusions Longer duration (≥15 years) of rotating nightshift work was associated with increased risks of overall and several subtypes of hematopoietic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Astrid C Erber
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Erber AC, Cetin H, Berry D, Schernhammer ES. The role of gut microbiota, butyrate and proton pump inhibitors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:727-735. [PMID: 31870202 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1702549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study: We conducted a systematic review on existing literature in humans and animals, linking the gut microbiome with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Additionally, we sought to explore the role of the bacterially produced metabolite butyrate as well as of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in these associations.Materials and methods: Following PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature reviews, four databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) were searched and screened by two independent reviewers against defined inclusion criteria. Six studies in humans and six animal studies were identified, summarized and reviewed.Results: Overall, the evidence accrued to date is supportive of changes in the gut microbiome being associated with ALS risk, and potentially progression, though observational studies are small (describing a total of 145 patients with ALS across all published studies), and not entirely conclusive.Conclusions: With emerging studies beginning to apply metagenome sequencing, more clarity regarding the importance and promise of the gut microbiome in ALS can be expected. Future studies may also help establish the therapeutic potential of butyrate, and the role of PPIs in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid C Erber
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Function, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang Y, Devore EE, Strohmaier S, Grodstein F, Schernhammer ES. Birth month, birth season, and overall and cardiovascular disease mortality in US women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2019; 367:l6058. [PMID: 31852664 PMCID: PMC7190053 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations between birth month, birth season, and overall and cardiovascular disease mortality, and to examine the role of familial and socioeconomic factors in these associations. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Nurses' Health Study, established in 1976, an ongoing prospective cohort study in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Female registered nurses who reported information on date of birth at study enrolment (n=116 911, 1976-2014, followed for 38 years). EXPOSURE Birth month and astronomical birth season (based on solstices and equinoxes as boundaries of the season categories). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age and various multivariable adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between birth months (using November as the reference), astronomical birth season (using autumn as the reference), and overall and cardiovascular disease specific mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among study participants, 43 248 overall deaths were documented during 4 136 364 person years of follow-up since enrolment, including 8360 cardiovascular disease related deaths. In fully adjusted multivariable analyses, no significant association was observed between birth month, birth season, and overall mortality. Compared with women born in November, increased cardiovascular disease mortality was observed among those born from March to July (hazard ratio for March, 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.21; April, 1.12, 1.00 to 1.24; May, 1.08, 0.98 to 1.20; June, 1.07, 0.96 to 1.19; and July 1.08, 0.98 to 1.20). Those born in April had the highest cardiovascular disease mortality, and those born in December had the lowest (December, 0.95, 0.85 to 1.06). The relative difference between the lowest and highest risk month was 17.89%. Women born in spring (1.10, 1.04 to 1.17) and summer (1.09, 1.03 to 1.16) had a higher cardiovascular disease mortality than women born in the autumn. Adjustment for familial and socioeconomic factors did not change these results. The relative difference between the lowest and highest risk season was 10.00%. CONCLUSION Participants born in the spring and summer (especially those born in March-July) had a slight but significant increase in cardiovascular disease specific mortality. However, no seasonal birth month effect was observed among women for overall mortality. Familial and socioeconomic factors did not appear to alter these associations. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and reveal mechanisms of these seasonal birth month effects in cardiovascular disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Shi Y, Liu L, Hamada T, Nowak JA, Giannakis M, Ma Y, Song M, Nevo D, Kosumi K, Gu M, Kim SA, Morikawa T, Wu K, Sui J, Papantoniou K, Wang M, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci E, Ogino S, Schernhammer ES, Nishihara R, Zhang X. Night-Shift Work Duration and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to IRS1 and IRS2 Expression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:133-140. [PMID: 31666286 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the risk of colorectal cancer in night-shift workers might be different according to insulin receptor substrate status. METHODS Among 77,470 eligible women having night work assessed in the Nurses' Health Study, we documented a total of 1,397 colorectal cancer cases, of which 304 or 308 had available data on IRS1 and IRS2, respectively. We used duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for competing risks to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each colorectal cancer subtype. We measured tumor IRS1 or IRS2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Compared with women who never worked night shifts, those working ≥15 years night shifts had a marginal trend of increased overall risk of colorectal cancer (P trend = 0.06; multivariable HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99-1.45). Longer duration of night-shift work was associated with a higher risk of IRS2-positive tumors (multivariable HR = 2.69; 95% CI, 1.48-4.89; P trend = 0.001, ≥15 years night shifts vs. never) but not with IRS2-negative tumors (multivariable HR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.54-1.51; P trend = 0.72; P heterogeneity for IRS2 = 0.008). Similarly, the corresponding multivariable HRs were 1.81 for IRS1-positive tumors (95% CI, 0.94-3.48; P trend = 0.06) and 1.13 for IRS1-negative tumors (95% CI, 0.71-1.80; P trend = 0.56; P heterogeneity for IRS1 = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our molecular pathologic epidemiology data suggest a potential role of IRS in mediating carcinogenesis induced by night-shift work. IMPACT Although these findings need validation, rotating night shift might increase colorectal cancer risk in women with abnormal insulin receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Nevo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sun A Kim
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Sui
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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30
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Papantoniou K, Massa J, Devore E, Munger KL, Chitnis T, Ascherio A, Schernhammer ES. Rotating night shift work and risk of multiple sclerosis in the Nurses' Health Studies. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:733-738. [PMID: 31405910 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Night shift work has been suggested as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of the present analysis was to prospectively evaluate the association of rotating night shift work history and MS risk in two female cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. METHODS A total of 83 992 (NHS) and 114 427 (NHSII) women were included in this analysis. We documented 579 (109 in NHS and 470 in NHSII) incident physician-confirmed MS cases (moderate and definite diagnosis), including 407 definite MS cases. The history (cumulative years) of rotating night shifts (≥3 nights/month) was assessed at baseline and updated throughout follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between rotating night shift work and MS risk adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS We observed no association between history of rotating night shift work and MS risk in NHS (1-9 years: HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.54; 10+ years: 1.15, 0.62 to 2.15) and NHSII (1-9 years: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.09; 10+ years: 1.03, 0.72 to 1.49). In NHSII, rotating night shift work history of 20+ years was significantly associated with MS risk, when restricting to definite MS cases (1-9 years: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.11; 10-19 years: 0.98, 0.62 to 1.55; 20+ years: 2.62, 1.06 to 6.46). CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found no association between rotating night shift work history and MS risk in these two large cohorts of nurses. In NHSII, shift work history of 20 or more years was associated with an increased risk of definite MS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Massa
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kassandra L Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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32
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Razavi P, Devore EE, Bajaj A, Lockley SW, Figueiro MG, Ricchiuti V, Gauderman WJ, Hankinson SE, Willett WC, Schernhammer ES. Shift Work, Chronotype, and Melatonin Rhythm in Nurses. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1177-1186. [PMID: 31142495 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies associated night-shift work with melatonin disruption, with mixed evidence regarding the modulating effects of chronotype (i.e., diurnal preference). METHODS One hundred and thirty active nurses (84 rotating-shift and 46 day-shift workers) in the Nurses' Health Study II wore a head-mounted light meter and collected spontaneous urine voids over 3 days. 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the major urinary metabolite of melatonin, was assessed. RESULTS Rotating-shift workers on night shifts had more light exposure and lower urinary melatonin levels during the night, and urinary melatonin rhythms with smaller peaks [11.81 ng/mg-creatinine/h, 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.49-14.71 vs. 14.83 ng/mg-creatinine/h, 95% CI, 11.72-18.75] and later peak onset (5.71 hours, 95% CI, 4.76-6.85 vs. 4.10 hours, 95% CI, 3.37-4.99), compared with day-shift workers. Furthermore, evening chronotypes' melatonin rhythms had later peak onset compared with morning types (4.90 hours, 95% CI, 3.94-6.09 vs. 3.64 hours, 95% CI, 2.99-4.43). However, among day-shift workers, morning chronotypes had melatonin rhythms with greater mean levels, larger peaks, and earlier peak onset compared with evening chronotypes; patterns were similar comparing evening versus morning chronotypes among rotating-shift workers on night shifts. The interaction of rotating-shift work and chronotype was significant across all parameters (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As expected, rotating-shift workers on night shifts had greater light exposure and lower urinary melatonin levels during the night compared with day-shift workers. Intriguingly, melatonin rhythms were dependent on both chronotype and rotating-shift work type, and better alignment of rotating-shift work and chronotype appeared to produce less disrupted melatonin rhythms. IMPACT The joint effects of shift-work type and chronotype require attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Archna Bajaj
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven W Lockley
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariana G Figueiro
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | | | - W James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Schernhammer ES. RE: Night Shift Work and Breast Cancer Incidence: Three Prospective Studies and Meta-analysis of Published Studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 109:3074376. [PMID: 28376171 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Strohmaier S, Devore EE, Vetter C, Eliassen AH, Rosner B, Okereke OI, Schernhammer ES. Night shift work before and during pregnancy in relation to depression and anxiety in adolescent and young adult offspring. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:625-635. [PMID: 31081539 PMCID: PMC6548754 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between maternal history of nightshift work before and shift work during pregnancy and offspring risk of depression and anxiety, among mothers participating in the Nurses Health Study II and in their offspring enrolled in the Growing Up Today Study 2 between 2004 and 2013. Case definitions were based on offspring self-reports of physician/clinician-diagnosed depression and/or anxiety, regular antidepressant use and depressive symptoms assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using generalized estimating equation models. We found no associations between maternal nightshift work before pregnancy or during pregnancy and offspring mental health disorders (e.g., nightshift work before pregnancy: depression (based on physician/clinician diagnosis): ORever nightwork = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88-1.47; either depression or anxiety: ORever nightwork = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81-1.08; nightshift work during pregnancy: depression: ORever nightwork = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.68-1.94; depression or anxiety: ORever nightwork =1.17; 95% CI, 0.70-1.98) and no dose-response relationship with longer history of nightshift work (all PTrend >0.10). Stratifying by maternal chronotype revealed a higher risk of depression for offspring whose mothers worked nightshifts before pregnancy and reported being definite morning chronotypes (a proxy for circadian strain) (ORever nightwork = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.17, 3.24 vs. ORever nightwork = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.68, 1.28 for any other chronotype; PInteraction = 0.03). Further studies replicating our findings and refined understanding regarding the interplay of nightshift work and chronotype and its potential influences on offspring mental health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Strohmaier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine Vetter
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Strohmaier S, Devore EE, Huang T, Vetter C, Eliassen AH, Rosner B, Okereke OI, Austin SB, Schernhammer ES. Maternal rotating night shift work before pregnancy and offspring stress markers. Physiol Behav 2019; 207:185-193. [PMID: 31078673 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest an intergenerational influence of stress such that maternal exposure even before pregnancy could impact offspring health outcomes later in life. In humans, investigations on the impact of maternal stressors on offspring health outcomes, including stress-sensitive biomarkers, have largely been limited to extreme stressors. Prior studies have not addressed more moderate maternal stressors, such as rotating night shift work, on offspring stress markers in young adulthood. METHODS We investigated the association between maternal rotating night shift work before conception and offspring salivary cortisol and alpha amylase (sAA) patterns in young adulthood among mothers enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and their offspring participating in the Growing Up Today Study 2 (GUTS2). Our sample included over 300 mother-child pairs where, between 2011 and 2014, the children provided 5 saliva samples over the course of one day. We used piecewise linear mixed models to compare awakening responses, overall slopes as well as several other diurnal patterns of cortisol and sAA between offspring born to shift working versus non-shift working mothers. RESULTS Offspring born to shift working mothers had a flattened late decline in cortisol (percent differences in slope (%D): 2.1%; 95%CI: 0.3, 3.8) and their sAA awakening response was steeper (%D -37.4%; 95%CI: -59.0, -4.4), whereas sAA increase before bedtime appeared less pronounced (%D -35.9%; 95%CI: -55.3, -8.3), compared to offspring born to mothers without shift work. For cortisol, we observed a significant difference in the Area Under the Curve (AUC) (%D 1.5%; 95%CI: 0.3, 2.7) with higher AUC for offspring of mothers who worked rotating night shifts. In offspring-sex-stratified analyses we found differences primarily among males. CONCLUSION Our results provide some - albeit modest - evidence that maternal rotating night shift work-a moderate stressor-influences offspring stress markers. Future studies with larger samples sizes, more detailed exposure assessment (particularly during maternal pregnancy), and multiple offspring biomarker assessments at different developmental stages are needed to further investigate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strohmaier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - E E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - T Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - C Vetter
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - A H Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - B Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - O I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - S B Austin
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - E S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Johnson CY, Tanz LJ, Lawson CC, Howards PP, Bertone-Johnson ER, Eliassen AH, Schernhammer ES, Rich-Edwards JW. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in nurses working night shifts. Arch Environ Occup Health 2019; 75:136-143. [PMID: 30945620 PMCID: PMC6776712 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2019.1577210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine associations between night shift work and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. We analyzed 1,537 blood samples from premenopausal female nurses in the Nurses' Health Study II, assayed for AMH. Rotating or permanent night shifts worked in the two weeks before blood collection and years of rotating night shift work were obtained via questionnaire. We found no associations between recent night shifts or rotating night shift work and AMH. The median difference in AMH was 0.3 (95% CI: -0.4, 0.8) ng/mL for ≥5 versus 0 recent night shifts and -0.1 (95% CI: -0.4, 0.3) ng/mL for ≥6 versus 0 years of rotating night shift work. Although we found no associations between night shift work and AMH, this does not preclude associations between night shift work and fertility operating through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Y Johnson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren J Tanz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina C Lawson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Penelope P Howards
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Connor Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shan Z, Li Y, Zong G, Guo Y, Li J, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, Schernhammer ES, Bhupathiraju SN. Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US cohorts of female nurses. BMJ 2018; 363:k4641. [PMID: 30464025 PMCID: PMC6247172 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k4641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate the joint association of duration of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with risk of type 2 diabetes risk, and to quantitatively decompose this joint association to rotating night shift work only, to lifestyle only, and to their interaction. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Nurses' Health Study (1988-2012) and Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2013). PARTICIPANTS 143 410 women without type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. EXPOSURES Rotating night shift work was defined as at least three night shifts per month in addition to day and evening shifts in that month. Unhealthy lifestyles included current smoking, physical activity levels below 30 minutes per day at moderate to vigorous intensity, diet in the bottom three fifths of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, and body mass index of 25 or above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified through self report and validated by a supplementary questionnaire. RESULTS During 22-24 years of follow-up, 10 915 cases of incident type 2 diabetes occurred. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes were 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.19 to 1.44) per five year increment of duration of rotating night shift work and 2.30 (1.88 to 2.83) per unhealthy lifestyle factor (ever smoking, low diet quality, low physical activity, and overweight or obesity). For the joint association of per five year increment rotating night shift work and per unhealthy lifestyle factor with type 2 diabetes, the hazard ratio was 2.83 (2.15 to 3.73) with a significant additive interaction (P for interaction <0.001). The proportions of the joint association were 17.1% (14.0% to 20.8%) for rotating night shift work alone, 71.2% (66.9% to 75.8%) for unhealthy lifestyle alone, and 11.3% (7.3% to 17.3%) for their additive interaction. CONCLUSIONS Among female nurses, both rotating night shift work and unhealthy lifestyle were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The excess risk of rotating night shift work combined with unhealthy lifestyle was higher than the addition of risk associated with each individual factor. These findings suggest that most cases of type 2 diabetes could be prevented by adhering to a healthy lifestyle, and the benefits could be greater in rotating night shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geng Zong
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Papantoniou K, Devore EE, Massa J, Strohmaier S, Vetter C, Yang L, Shi Y, Giovannucci E, Speizer F, Schernhammer ES. Rotating night shift work and colorectal cancer risk in the nurses' health studies. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2709-2717. [PMID: 29978466 PMCID: PMC6235706 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human data have suggested that shift work involving circadian disruption may be carcinogenic for humans, but epidemiological evidence for colorectal cancer remains limited. We investigated the association of rotating night shift work and colorectal cancer risk in two prospective female cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS2, with 24 years of follow‐up. In total, 190,810 women (NHS = 77,439; NHS2 = 113,371) were included in this analysis, and 1,965 incident colorectal cancer cases (NHS = 1,527; NHS2 = 438) were reported during followup (NHS: 1988–2012, NHS2: 1989–2013). We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for a wide range of potential confounders. We did not observe an association between rotating night work duration and colorectal cancer risk in these cohorts (NHS: 1–14 years: Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.04, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.16; 15+ years: HR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.39; Ptrend = 0.14 and NHS2: 1–14 years: HR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.99; 15+ years: HR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.64 and Ptrend = 0.88). In subsite analysis in NHS, rectal cancer risk increased after long‐term (15+ years) rotating night shift work (proximal colon cancer: HR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.34, Ptrend = 0.90; distal colon cancer: HR 1.27, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.85, Ptrend = 0.32; rectal cancer: HR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.34, Ptrend = 0.02). We found no overall evidence of an association between rotating night shift work and colorectal cancer risk in these two large cohorts of nurses. Risk for rectal cancer significantly increased with shift work duration, suggesting that long‐term circadian disruption may play a role in rectal cancer development. What's new? Night shift work is associated with circadian rhythm disruption, sleep deprivation, and lifestyle changes. Circadian disruption in particular can lead to the deregulation of basic cellular functions, including DNA damage repair, and thus is potentially carcinogenic in humans. In the present study, involving two large prospective cohorts of nurses, no overall evidence of an association was detected between rotating night shift work and colorectal cancer risk. Risk for rectal cancer increased significantly, however, with long‐term rotating night shift work, lasting 15 or more years, suggesting that long‐term circadian disruption may play a role in rectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Massa
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Céline Vetter
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Speizer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center of Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Strohmaier S, Devore EE, Vetter C, Missmer S, Heather Eliassen A, Rosner B, Rich‐Edwards J, Field AE, Schernhammer ES. Night Shift Work Before and During Pregnancy and Offspring Weight Outcomes Through Adolescence. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1491-1500. [PMID: 30226007 PMCID: PMC6146398 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate associations between maternal history of rotating night shift nursing work before pregnancy and number of night shifts worked during pregnancy with offspring weight outcomes from early life through adolescence. METHODS More than 4,000 children, enrolled in the second phase of the Growing Up Today Study between 2004 and 2013, and their mothers participating in the Nurses' Health Study II were included in our analyses. RESULTS Children of women with and without a history of rotating night shift work before pregnancy were similar in birth weight and body size at age 5. However, for mothers with night shift work before pregnancy, their children had a modestly elevated risk of having overweight or obesity (relative risk = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02-1.21), which was stronger for persistently having overweight or obesity during adolescence and early adulthood. Longer duration of rotating night shift work was not associated with any of these weight outcomes. Weight outcomes of children of women with versus without night shift work during pregnancy were similar, regardless of frequency of night shifts worked during pregnancy (all P > 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Overall, nurses' night shift work before or during pregnancy did not affect offspring weight outcomes. Future larger studies should explore these associations in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Strohmaier
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Elizabeth E. Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
| | - Celine Vetter
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulderColorado, USA
| | - Stacey Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan, USA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts, USA
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts, USA
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
| | - Janet Rich‐Edwards
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts, USA
| | - Alison E. Field
- Department of EpidemiologyBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode Island, USA
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public HealthMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts, USA
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Devore EE, Chang SC, Okereke OI, McMahon DG, Schernhammer ES. Photoperiod during maternal pregnancy and lifetime depression in offspring. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:169-175. [PMID: 30092556 PMCID: PMC6104842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that perinatal light exposure has enduring effects on affective behaviors in rodents; however, insufficient research has explored this hypothesis in humans. We examined photoperiod (i.e., day length) metrics during maternal pregnancy in relation to lifetime depression in the longitudinal Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II. 160,723 participants reported birth date and birth state (used to derive daily photoperiod based on published mathematical equations), and clinician-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use throughout adulthood. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) (and 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for depression (defined as clinician diagnosis and antidepressant use) across quintiles of two exposures during maternal pregnancy: 1) total photoperiod (total number of daylight hours) and 2) differences between minimum/maximum photoperiod; each trimester of pregnancy was examined separately. Total photoperiod during maternal pregnancy was not associated with depression overall or by trimester of pregnancy. However, larger differences between minimum/maximum photoperiod during maternal pregnancy were related to lower odds of depression (multivariable [MV]-adjusted OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.90 comparing extreme quintiles of exposure; p-trend<0.0001); this association appeared specific to the second trimester of pregnancy (MV-adjusted p-trends = 0.03, <0.0001, and 0.3 across the three trimesters, respectively). In addition, birth at higher latitude (where larger differences in minimum/maximum photoperiod exist) was associated with a significant reduction in the lifetime risk of depression. These findings are consistent with an emerging hypothesis in which perinatal light exposure may influence risk of depression, and they might be understood through the conceptual framework of adaptive developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02144, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Box 351634 Station B, Nashville, TN, 37235-1634, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/ 1. Stock, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Vetter C, Chang SC, Devore EE, Rohrer F, Okereke OI, Schernhammer ES. Prospective study of chronotype and incident depression among middle- and older-aged women in the Nurses' Health Study II. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:156-160. [PMID: 29860110 PMCID: PMC6016366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior cross-sectional studies have suggested that being a late chronotype is associated with depression and depressive symptoms, but prospective data are lacking. METHODS We examined the association between chronotype and incident depression (defined as self-reported physician/clinician-diagnosed depression or antidepressant medication use) in 32,470 female participants of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort who self-reported their chronotype (early, intermediate or late) and were free of depression at baseline in 2009 (average age: 55 yrs). Women updated their depression status on biennial questionnaires in 2011 and 2013. We used multivariable (MV)-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for incident depression across chronotype categories (i.e., early, intermediate, and late chronotypes). RESULTS Across a follow-up period of 4 years, we observed 2,581 cases of incident depression in this cohort. Compared to intermediate chronotypes, early chronotypes had a modestly lower risk of depression after MV adjustment (MVHR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.81-0.96), whereas late chronotypes had a similar risk of 1.06 (95%CI = 0.93-1.20); the overall trend across chronotype categories was statistically significant (ptrend<0.01). Results were similar when we restricted analyses to women who reported average sleep durations (7-8 h/day) and no history of rotating night shift work at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that chronotype may influence the risk of depression in middle-to older-aged women. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and examine roles of both environmental and genetic factors to further our understanding of the role of chronotype in the etiology of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 1725 Pleasant Street Ramaley N368, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Program of Medical and Population Genetics, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian Rohrer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medial University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/ 1. Stock, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medial University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/ 1. Stock, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Shi Y, Liu L, Nishihara R, Hamada T, Song M, Nevo D, Kosumi K, Gu M, Wu K, Giannakis M, Ma Y, Nowak J, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Giovannucci E, Dai G, Schernhammer ES, Ogino S, Zhang X. Night shift work duration and risk of colorectal cancer according to IRS1 and IRS2 expression. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Daniel Nevo
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, China
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School,, Boston, MA
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kana Wu
- Channing Laboratory, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yanan Ma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andrew T. Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guanghai Dai
- General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Vetter C, Dashti HS, Lane JM, Anderson SG, Schernhammer ES, Rutter MK, Saxena R, Scheer FAJL. Night Shift Work, Genetic Risk, and Type 2 Diabetes in the UK Biobank. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:762-769. [PMID: 29440150 PMCID: PMC5860836 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of past and current night shift work and genetic type 2 diabetes vulnerability on type 2 diabetes odds. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the UK Biobank, we examined associations of current (N = 272,214) and lifetime (N = 70,480) night shift work exposure with type 2 diabetes risk (6,770 and 1,191 prevalent cases, respectively). For 180,704 and 44,141 unrelated participants of European ancestry (4,002 and 726 cases, respectively) with genetic data, we assessed whether shift work exposure modified the relationship between a genetic risk score (comprising 110 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) for type 2 diabetes and prevalent diabetes. RESULTS Compared with day workers, all current night shift workers were at higher multivariable-adjusted odds for type 2 diabetes (none or rare night shifts: odds ratio [OR] 1.15 [95% CI 1.05-1.26]; some nights: OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.05-1.32]; and usual nights: OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.19-1.73]), except current permanent night shift workers (OR 1.09 [95% CI 0.93-1.27]). Considering a person's lifetime work schedule and compared with never shift workers, working more night shifts per month was associated with higher type 2 diabetes odds (<3/month: OR 1.24 [95% CI 0.90-1.68]; 3-8/month: OR 1.11 [95% CI 0.90-1.37]; and >8/month: OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.14-1.62]; Ptrend = 0.001). The association between genetic type 2 diabetes predisposition and type 2 diabetes odds was not modified by shift work exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that night shift work, especially rotating shift work including night shifts, is associated with higher type 2 diabetes odds and that the number of night shifts worked per month appears most relevant for type 2 diabetes odds. Also, shift work exposure does not modify genetic risk for type 2 diabetes, a novel finding that warrants replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Vetter
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline M Lane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Simon G Anderson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin K Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.,Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Zhou ES, Poole EM, Zhang X, Michels KB, Eliassen AH, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Tworoger SS, Schernhammer ES. Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:e6. [PMID: 29315290 PMCID: PMC5877366 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, Vienna 1090, Austria
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45
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Wegrzyn LR, Tamimi RM, Rosner BA, Brown SB, Stevens RG, Eliassen AH, Laden F, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Schernhammer ES. Rotating Night-Shift Work and the Risk of Breast Cancer in the Nurses' Health Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:532-540. [PMID: 28541391 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer declared shift work that involved circadian disruption to be a "probable" carcinogen (group 2A), noting that human evidence was limited. Using data from 2 prospective cohort studies, the Nurses' Health Study (1988-2012; n = 78,516) and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2013; n = 114,559), we examined associations between rotating night-shift work and breast cancer risk. In the 2 cohorts, there were a total of 9,541 incident invasive breast malignancies and 24 years of follow-up. In the Nurses' Health Study, women with 30 years or more of shift work did not have a higher risk of breast cancer (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.77, 1.17; P for trend = 0.63) compared with those who never did shift work, although follow-up occurred primarily after retirement from shift work. Among participants in the Nurses' Health Study II, who were younger than participants in the other cohort, the risk of breast cancer was significantly higher in women with 20 years or more of shift work at baseline, reflecting young-adult exposure (HR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.73; P for trend = 0.23), and was marginally significantly higher for women with 20 years or more of cumulative shift work when we used updated exposure information (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.97; P for trend = 0.74). In conclusion, long-term rotating night-shift work was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who performed shift work during young adulthood. Further studies should explore the role of shift work timing on breast cancer risk.
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46
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James P, Bertrand KA, Hart JE, Schernhammer ES, Tamimi RM, Laden F. Outdoor Light at Night and Breast Cancer Incidence in the Nurses' Health Study II. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:087010. [PMID: 28886600 PMCID: PMC5783660 DOI: 10.1289/ehp935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to light at night (LAN) may disrupt circadian patterns and decrease nocturnal secretion of melatonin, which may disturb estrogen regulation, leading to increased breast cancer risk. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between residential outdoor LAN and breast cancer incidence using data from the nationwide U.S.-based Nurses' Health Study II cohort. METHODS We followed 109,672 women from 1989 through 2013. Cumulative LAN exposure was estimated using time-varying satellite data for a composite of persistent nighttime illumination at ∼1 km2 scale for each residence during follow-up. Incident invasive breast cancer cases were confirmed by medical record review. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for anthropometric, reproductive, lifestyle, and socioeconomic risk factors. RESULTS Over 2,187,425 person-years, we identified 3,549 incident breast cancer cases. Based on a fully adjusted model, the estimated HR for incident breast cancer with an interquartile range (IQR) (31.6 nW/cm2/sr) increase in cumulative average outdoor LAN was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.11). An association between LAN and breast cancer appeared to be limited to women who were premenopausal at the time of a case [HR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.14) based on 1,973 cases vs. HR=1.00 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.09) based on 1,172 cases in postmenopausal women; p-interaction=0.08]. The LAN-breast cancer association was observed only in past and current smokers at the end of follow-up [HR=1.00 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.07) based on 2,215 cases in never smokers; HR=1.10 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.19) based on 1,034 cases in past smokers vs. HR=1.21 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.37) for 300 cases in current smokers; p-interaction=0.08]. CONCLUSIONS Although further work is required to confirm our results and to clarify potential mechanisms, our findings suggest that exposure to residential outdoor light at night may contribute to invasive breast cancer risk. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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47
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Devore EE, Massa J, Papantoniou K, Schernhammer ES, Wu K, Zhang X, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Chan AT, Ogino S, Giovannucci E, Wei EK. Rotating night shift work, sleep, and colorectal adenoma in women. Int J Colorectal Dis 2017; 32:1013-1018. [PMID: 28097381 PMCID: PMC5474168 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-017-2758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the associations of rotating night shift work history and sleep duration with risk of colorectal adenoma. METHODS We evaluated 56,275 cancer-free participants of the Nurses' Health Study II, who had their first colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy between 1991 and 2011; rotating night shift work and sleep duration were reported by mailed questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) of colorectal adenoma, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), across categories of rotating night shift work history (none, 1-4, 5-9, and ≥10 years) and sleep duration (≤5, 6, 7, 8, and ≥9 h/day). RESULTS We found no association between duration of rotating night shift work and occurrence of colorectal adenoma (p-trend across shift work categories = 0.5). Women with the longest durations of rotating night shift work (≥10 years) had a similar risk of adenoma compared to women without a history of rotating night shift work (multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.83-1.11). Similarly, there were no associations of shorter or longer sleep durations with adenoma risk (p-trend = 0.2 across sleep durations of ≤5 through 7 h/day and p-trend = 0.5 across sleep durations of 7 through ≥9 h/day). Results were similar when we examined associations according to adenoma location and subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support an association between rotating night shift work or sleep duration and risk of colorectal adenoma in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Massa
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva S. Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther K. Wei
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
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48
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Vetter C, Dashti HS, Lane JM, Anderson SG, Schernhammer ES, Rutter MK, Saxena R, Scheer FA. 1013 SHIFT WORK, CHRONOTYPE, AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE UK BIOBANK AND TYPE 2 DIABETES IN THE UK BIOBANK. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Zhou ES, Poole EM, Zhang X, Michels KB, Eliassen AH, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Tworoger SS, Schernhammer ES. Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1239-1246. [PMID: 28359077 PMCID: PMC5418457 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Sleep has been linked with mortality among cancer-free population; however, its association with survival among women with breast cancer is understudied. METHODS Breast cancer patients (N=3682) reported their average sleep duration post diagnosis. Subsamples also provided their pre-diagnosis sleep duration (n=1949) and post-diagnosis sleep difficulties (n=1353). Multivariate Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) of all-cause, breast cancer, and non-breast cancer mortality. RESULTS At diagnosis, the mean age was 64.9 years and 91.7% were stage I or II. Women sleeping ⩾9 h per night post diagnosis had a strong higher risk of all-cause (multivariate HRs: MV-HR=1.37, CI=1.10-1.71), breast cancer (MV-HR=1.46, CI=1.02-2.07), and non-breast cancer mortality (MV-HR=1.34, CI=1.01-1.79), compared to women sleeping 8 h per night. Increased sleep duration post diagnosis (vs unchanged) and regular sleep difficulties (vs rare/none) were associated with a strong elevated risk of all-cause mortality (MV-HRincreased duration=1.35, CI=1.04-1.74; MV-HRregular difficulties=1.49, CI=1.02-2.19) and a moderate greater risk of breast cancer and non-breast cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Various facets of sleep were associated with higher all-cause mortality risk. If replicated, these findings support evaluation of breast cancer patients' sleep duration and difficulties to identify those at risk for poorer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Marianneng. 14/Top 105, Vienna 1090, Austria
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50
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Devore EE, Warner ET, Eliassen AH, Brown SB, Beck AH, Hankinson SE, Schernhammer ES. Urinary Melatonin in Relation to Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk According to Melatonin 1 Receptor Status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:413-419. [PMID: 28151704 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary melatonin levels have been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, but this association might vary according to tumor melatonin 1 receptor (MT1R) expression.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among 1,354 postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study, who were cancer free when they provided first-morning spot urine samples in 2000 to 2002; urine samples were assayed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s, a major metabolite of melatonin). Five-hundred fifty-five of these women developed breast cancer before May 31, 2012, and were matched to 799 control subjects. In a subset of cases, immunohistochemistry was used to determine MT1R status of tumor tissue. We used multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression to estimate the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer [with 95% confidence intervals (CI)] across quartiles of creatinine-standardized urinary aMT6s level, including by MT1R subtype.Results: Higher urinary melatonin levels were suggestively associated with a lower overall risk of breast cancer (multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.61-0.99, comparing quartile 4 vs. quartile 1; Ptrend = 0.08); this association was similar for invasive vs. in situ tumors (Pheterogeneity = 0.12). There was no evidence that associations differed according to MT1R status of the tumor (e.g., Pheterogeneity for overall breast cancer = 0.88).Conclusions: Higher urinary melatonin levels were associated with reduced breast cancer risk in this cohort of postmenopausal women, and the association was not modified by MT1R subtype.Impact: Urinary melatonin levels appear to predict the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, future research should evaluate these associations with longer-term follow-up and among premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 413-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Devore
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Erica T Warner
- Clinical Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan B Brown
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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