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Lee CH, Lin YH, Chang SH, Tai CD, Liu SJ, Chu Y, Wang CJ, Hsu MY, Chang H, Chang GJ, Hung KC, Hsieh MJ, Lin FC, Hsieh IC, Wen MS, Huang Y. Local sustained delivery of acetylsalicylic acid via hybrid stent with biodegradable nanofibers reduces adhesion of blood cells and promotes reendothelialization of the denuded artery. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:311-26. [PMID: 24421640 PMCID: PMC3888352 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete endothelialization, blood cell adhesion to vascular stents, and inflammation of arteries can result in acute stent thromboses. The systemic administration of acetylsalicylic acid decreases endothelial dysfunction, potentially reducing thrombus, enhancing vasodilatation, and inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis; but, this is weakened by upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This study proposes a hybrid stent with biodegradable nanofibers, for the local, sustained delivery of acetylsalicylic acid to injured artery walls. Biodegradable nanofibers are prepared by first dissolving poly(D,L)-lactide-co-glycolide and acetylsalicylic acid in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol. The solution is then electrospun into nanofibrous tubes, which are then mounted onto commercially available bare-metal stents. In vitro release rates of pharmaceuticals from nanofibers are characterized using an elution method, and a highperformance liquid chromatography assay. The experimental results suggest that biodegradable nanofibers release high concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid for three weeks. The in vivo efficacy of local delivery of acetylsalicylic acid in reducing platelet and monocyte adhesion, and the minimum tissue inflammatory reaction caused by the hybrid stents in treating denuded rabbit arteries, are documented. The proposed hybrid stent, with biodegradable acetylsalicylic acid-loaded nanofibers, substantially contributed to local, sustained delivery of drugs to promote re-endothelialization and reduce thrombogenicity in the injured artery. The stents may have potential applications in the local delivery of cardiovascular drugs. Furthermore, the use of hybrid stents with acetylsalicylic acid-loaded nanofibers that have high drug loadings may provide insight into the treatment of patients with high risk of acute stent thromboses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Der Tai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | | | - Yen Chu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Taiwan
| | - Hung Chang
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chun Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Fen-Chiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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152
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Portilla EC, Muñoz W, Sierra CH. Mecanismos celulares y moleculares de la aterotrombosis. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0120-5633(14)70009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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153
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Mayer FJ, Hoke M, Schillinger M, Minar E, Arbesú I, Koppensteiner R, Mannhalter C. Mean platelet volume predicts outcome in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:22-8. [PMID: 24117332 PMCID: PMC6340475 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Platelets play a pivotal role in atherothrombosis and are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated whether mean platelet volume (MPV) predicts clinical outcome and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease. METHODS We studied 1006 of 1268 prospectively collected consecutive patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis who were evaluated by duplex sonography. Patients were followed up clinically for the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), a composite of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft, stroke and death. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 2.5-3.5), a total of 316 (31.5%) MACEs were recorded. Increased levels of MPV were significantly associated with increased risk of the occurrence of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for an increase in one standard deviation [SD] of MPV 1.22, confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.35, P < 0.01). Patients with MPV levels above 11.8 femtolitre (= fifth quintile) had a significantly higher event rate (41.3% vs. 29.3%, P < 0.001) with an adjusted HR for MACEs of 1.65 (95% CI 1.26-2.16, P < 0.001) compared with patients with MPV levels in the first to fourth quintile. No significant association was found between baseline MPV levels with either baseline degree or progression during a 6-month follow-up of carotid stenosis. CONCLUSION Mean platelet volume was independently and significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome in patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Mayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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154
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Gonzalez J, Donoso W, Díaz N, Albornoz ME, Huilcaman R, Morales E, Moore-Carrasco R. High fat diet induces adhesion of platelets to endothelium in two models of dyslipidemia. J Obes 2014; 2014:591270. [PMID: 25328689 PMCID: PMC4195255 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent about 30% of all global deaths. It is currently accepted that, in the atherogenic process, platelets play an important role, contributing to endothelial activation and modulation of the inflammatory phenomenon, promoting the beginning and formation of lesions and their subsequent thrombotic complications. The objective of the present work was to study using immunohistochemistry, the presence of platelets, monocytes/macrophages, and cell adhesion molecules (CD61, CD163, and CD54), in two stages of the atheromatous process. CF-1 mice fed a fat diet were used to obtain early stages of atheromatous process, denominated early stage of atherosclerosis, and ApoE(-/-) mice fed a fat diet were used to observe advanced stages of atherosclerosis. The CF-1 mice model presented immunostaining on endothelial surface for all three markers studied; the advanced atherosclerosis model in ApoE(-/-) mice also presented granular immunostaining on lesion thickness, for the same markers. These results suggest that platelets participate in atheromatous process from early stages to advance d stages. High fat diet induces adhesion of platelets to endothelial cells in vivo. These findings support studying the participation of platelets in the formation of atheromatous plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Wendy Donoso
- Departamento de Estomatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - María Eliana Albornoz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo Huilcaman
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avenida San Miguel 3605, 3480112 Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, P.O. Box 747, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Avenida San Miguel 3425, 3480137 Talca, Chile
- Programa Investigación de Excelencia Interdisciplinario en Envejecimiento Saludable PIEI-ES, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
- *Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco:
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155
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Damodaran VB, Leszczak V, Wold KA, Lantvit SM, Popat KC, Reynolds MM. Anti-thrombogenic properties of a nitric oxide-releasing dextran derivative: evaluation of platelet activation and whole blood clotting kinetics. RSC Adv 2013; 3:10.1039/C3RA45521A. [PMID: 24349705 PMCID: PMC3857612 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling platelet activation and clotting initiated by cardiovascular interventions remains a major challenge in clinical practice. In this work, the anti-thrombotic properties of a polysaccharide-based nitric oxide (NO)-releasing dextran derivative are presented. Total platelet adhesion, platelet morphology and whole blood clotting kinetics were used as indicators to evaluate the anti-clotting properties of this material. With a total NO delivery of 0.203±0.003 μmol, the NO-releasing dextran derivative (Dex-SNO) mixed with blood plasma demonstrated a significantly lower amount of platelet adhesion and activation onto a surface and reduced whole blood clotting kinetics. Nearly 75% reduction in platelet adhesion and a significant retention of platelet morphology were observed with blood plasma treated with Dex-SNO, suggesting this to be a potential anti-platelet therapeutic agent for preventing thrombosis that does not have an adverse effect on circulating platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Victoria Leszczak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO-80523, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Wold
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sarah M. Lantvit
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO-80523, USA
| | - Melissa M. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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156
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Lee EY, Kim SJ, Song YJ, Choi SJ, Song J. Immature platelet fraction in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Thromb Res 2013; 132:692-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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157
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Goggs R, Harper MT, Pope RJ, Savage JS, Williams CM, Mundell SJ, Heesom KJ, Bass M, Mellor H, Poole AW. RhoG protein regulates platelet granule secretion and thrombus formation in mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34217-34229. [PMID: 24106270 PMCID: PMC3837162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.504100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases such as Rac, RhoA, and Cdc42 are vital for normal platelet function, but the role of RhoG in platelets has not been studied. In other cells, RhoG orchestrates processes integral to platelet function, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and membrane trafficking. We therefore hypothesized that RhoG would play a critical role in platelets. Here, we show that RhoG is expressed in human and mouse platelets and is activated by both collagen-related peptide (CRP) and thrombin stimulation. We used RhoG(-/-) mice to study the function of RhoG in platelets. Integrin activation and aggregation were reduced in RhoG(-/-) platelets stimulated by CRP, but responses to thrombin were normal. The central defect in RhoG(-/-) platelets was reduced secretion from α-granules, dense granules, and lysosomes following CRP stimulation. The integrin activation and aggregation defects could be rescued by ADP co-stimulation, indicating that they are a consequence of diminished dense granule secretion. Defective dense granule secretion in RhoG(-/-) platelets limited recruitment of additional platelets to growing thrombi in flowing blood in vitro and translated into reduced thrombus formation in vivo. Interestingly, tail bleeding times were normal in RhoG(-/-) mice, suggesting that the functions of RhoG in platelets are particularly relevant to thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Harper
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Pope
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua S Savage
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Williams
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Mundell
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kate J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bass
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Mellor
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair W Poole
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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158
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159
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Dizdarevic LL, Biswas D, Uddin MDM, Jørgenesen A, Falch E, Bastani NE, Duttaroy AK. Inhibitory effects of kiwifruit extract on human platelet aggregation and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Platelets 2013; 25:567-75. [PMID: 24219176 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.852658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous human studies suggest that supplementation with kiwifruits lowers several cardiovascular risk factors such as platelet hyperactivity, blood pressure and plasma lipids. The cardiovascular health benefit of fruit and vegetables is usually attributed to the complex mixture of phytochemicals therein; however, kiwifruit's cardioprotective factors are not well studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of kiwifruit extract on human blood platelet aggregation and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. A sugar-free, heat-stable aqueous extract with molecular mass less than 1000 Da was prepared from kiwifruits. Typically, 100 g kiwifruits produced 66.3 ± 5.8 mg (1.2 ± 0.1 mg CE) of sugar-free kiwifruit extract (KFE). KFE inhibited both human platelet aggregation and plasma ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner. KFE inhibited platelet aggregation in response to ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid, and inhibitory action was mediated in part by reducing TxA2 synthesis. The IC50 for ADP-induced platelet aggregation was 1.6 ± 0.2 mg/ml (29.0 ± 3.0 μg CE/ml), whereas IC50 for serum ACE was 0.6 ± 0.1 mg/ml (11.0 ± 1.2 μg CE/ml). Consuming 500 mg of KFE (9.0 mg CE) in 10 g margarine inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation by 12.7%, 2 h after consumption by healthy volunteers (n = 9). All these data indicate that kiwifruit contains very potent antiplatelet and anti-ACE components. Consuming kiwifruits might be beneficial as both preventive and therapeutic regime in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili L Dizdarevic
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway and
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160
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Gasparovic H, Petricevic M, Biocina B. Impact and Diagnosis of Antiplatelet Therapy Resistance in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Drug Dev Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Gasparovic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb; University of Zagreb; Zagreb; Croatia
| | - Mate Petricevic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb; University of Zagreb; Zagreb; Croatia
| | - Bojan Biocina
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb; University of Zagreb; Zagreb; Croatia
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161
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Chen B, Wang W, Shen T, Qi R. Thioredoxin1 downregulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced adhesion molecule expression via Smad3 protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76226. [PMID: 24086714 PMCID: PMC3781077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation disease that is initiated by endothelial cell injury. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is directly associated with chronic vascular inflammation. To understand whether thioredoxin1 (Trx1) participates in an antiinflammatory defense mechanism in atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of Trx1 on the expression of two adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Thioredoxin1 and dominant-negative mutant thioredoxin1 (TD) were transiently overexpressed using adenovirus vector gene transfer. Our data showed that Trx1 overexpression suppressed ox-LDL-induced adhesion molecule expression in HUVECs. The overexpression of Trx1 promoted ox-LDL-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. A co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that Smad3 continued to interact with Trx1 with or without ox-LDL stimulation. These results suggest that Trx1 inherently suppresses VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in vascular endothelia and may prevent the initiation of atherosclerosis by attenuating adhesion molecule expression. The enhancement of Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear expression appears to be primarily responsible for the Trx1-induced downregulation of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics & Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics & Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics & Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ruomei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics & Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Platelets are anucleated fragments produced by megakaryocytes that circulate in the blood. Platelets are involved in the initial cellular response to damaged endothelium and migrate to this area to prevent excessive bleeding. What is becoming more acknowledged over the last few decades is that blood flow (hemodynamics) plays a critical role in platelet function. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of platelet biology with particular focus on the role of hemodynamics. The emerging concept of shear microgradients, which are challenging the traditional model of platelet function, will also be introduced in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Ka Tsun Wong
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, 6th Floor, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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163
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Strüßmann T, Tillmann S, Wirtz T, Bucala R, von Hundelshausen P, Bernhagen J. Platelets are a previously unrecognised source of MIF. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:1004-13. [PMID: 23846621 DOI: 10.1160/th13-01-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine with chemokine-like functions and a role in atherogenesis. MIF is secreted by various cells including endothelial cells and macrophages. Platelets are another prominent cell type with a role in atherogenesis and are a rich source of atherogenic chemokines. We asked whether platelets express and secrete MIF. In comparison, CXCL12 release was determined. We examined the subcellular localisation of MIF in platelets/megakaryocytes, studied its co-localisation with other platelet-derived mediators and asked whether platelets contain MIF mRNA. Moreover, we probed the functional role of platelet-derived MIF in inflammatory cell recruitment. Using Western blot and ELISA, we demonstrated and quantitated MIF protein in human and mouse platelets. Applying confocal-microscopy, MIF was found to localise in granular-like structures, but did not co-localise with known platelet cytokines. qPCR indicated that platelets contain low levels of MIF mRNA. ELISA measurements from human platelet supernatants showed that, whereas thrombin and collagen triggered the release of MIF and CXCL12, ADP and oxidised LDL promoted CXCL12 but not MIF secretion. Using Transwell assays, we demonstrated that platelet supernatants promoted monocyte chemotaxis and that this was blocked by neutralising MIF antibodies.This is the first report demonstrating MIF secretion from activated platelets, suggesting that platelets are a previously unrecognised source of MIF in inflammatory processes. There are distinct activating stimuli for MIF and CXCL12 secretion. A substantial portion of the chemotactic capacity of stimulated platelet supernatants is contributed by MIF, suggesting a role for platelet-derived MIF in atherogenic cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Strüßmann
- Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Jürgen Bernhagen, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany, Tel.: +49 241 80 88 840/31/41, Fax: +49 241 80 82 427, E-mail: , Web: www.ukaachen.de/sites/lfg/bcmzb
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Neferine exerts its antithrombotic effect by inhibiting platelet aggregation and promoting dissociation of platelet aggregates. Thromb Res 2013; 132:202-10. [PMID: 23773522 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neferine, a kind of isoquinoline alkaloid, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has long been recognized in traditional medicine as a medicinal plant with various usages. Neferine has many biological activities, including anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, negative inotropic effect and relaxation on vascular smooth muscle. Although previous studies have reported its antithrombotic effect, the mechanisms by which it exerts antithrombotic effect have not been thoroughly studied. METHOD Washed mice platelets and mice platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) were used to investigate the effects of neferine on platelet aggregation, secretion induced by various agonists and dissociation of agonist-formed platelet aggregates. Bioflux plates coated with collagen were used to investigate the effect of neferine on platelet adhesion and thrombosis in vitro. With collagen-epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombus formation mouse model, the effect of neferine on thrombosis in vivo was also examined. RESULTS Neferine, significantly and dose-dependently, inhibited collagen-, thrombin-, U46619-induced platelet aggregation in mice washed platelets, or ADP-induced platelet aggregation in PRP. Neferine treatment decreased platelet dense granule secretion initiated by collagen, thrombin and U46619. Also, Neferine dramatically and dose-dependently promoted the dissociation of platelet aggregates pre-formed by various agonists including collagen, thrombin, U46619 or ADP. Neferine can significantly reduce the area of mice platelets adhesion to the collagen and inhibit thrombosis in vitro. In collagen-epinephrine-induced acute pulmonary thrombus mouse model, neferine, at 6 mg/kg, significantly attenuated thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS Neferine remarkably prevents thrombus formation by inhibiting platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation, as well as promoting disassembly of pre-formed platelet aggregates. The inhibitory effects of neferine on platelet activation might be relevant in cases involving aberrant platelet activation where neferine could be used as an anti-platelet and antithrombotic agent.
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165
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Lundström A, Laska AC, Von Arbin M, Jörneskog G, Wallén H. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as predictors of low platelet response to clopidogrel in patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA. Platelets 2013; 25:102-10. [PMID: 23527528 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2013.777951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relation between high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR), and the level of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR) was studied in clopidogrel-treated patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA. The cohort consisted of 66 patients, 11 of which had known type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Platelet aggregation in whole blood (Multiplate™) and metabolic variables were measured 1 month after acute onset of neurological symptoms. Glucose tolerance was measured by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). IR was estimated by homeostasis model assessment HOMA-IR. Patients were categorized as "responders" (R) or "non-responders" (NR) to clopidogrel according to an established cut-off in platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In total, 14/66 (21%) patients were NR. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or DM was seen in 13/14 NR (93%), while for R this was the case in 25/52 (48%), p = 0.001. The percentage of NR was 33% in patients with DM and 35% in patients with IGT or IFG. In the group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) the percentage of NR was low, 4% (1/28). Fasting plasma glucose (f-PG) was higher for NR than for R, 6.0 (5.5-6.7) mM vs. 5.3 (5.0-6.0) mM, p = 0.023. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) did not differ between NR and R. NR also had higher arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation than R, and a tendency towards higher aggregation induced by thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP), indicating that HPR reflects a global platelet hyper-reactivity. HOMA-IR was calculated for 52 of the patients above without known diabetes, 9 of which were NR (17%). NR were significantly more insulin resistant than R, with median HOMA-IR 4.5 (3.0-7.4) compared to 2.1 (1.5-3.2) for R, p = 0.001. HOMA-IR and fasting plasma insulin were the only metabolic variables with significant relationships to ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The results suggest that HPR develops in the pre-diabetic phase. A metabolic disturbance with glucose intolerance and/or high level of IR was a pre-requisite for HPR in the tested cohort. Conversely, normal glucose tolerance combined with normal or mildly elevated HOMA-IR excluded HPR. NR are likely to constitute a high-risk group among patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Measurement of f-PG or HbA1c is insufficient to identify NR, while OGTT and HOMA-IR are more predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lundström
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine , Stockholm , Sweden
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166
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Turkmen K, Erdur FM, Ozcicek F, Ozcicek A, Akbas EM, Ozbicer A, Demirtas L, Turk S, Tonbul HZ. Platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio better predicts inflammation than neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in end‐stage renal disease patients. Hemodial Int 2013; 17:391-6. [DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kultigin Turkmen
- Department of NephrologyErzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Reseach Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Erdur
- Department of NephrologyNecmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine Konya Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozcicek
- Department of Internal MedicineErzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Reseach Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Adalet Ozcicek
- Department of Internal MedicineErzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Reseach Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Emin Murat Akbas
- Department of EndocrinologyErzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Reseach Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Aysu Ozbicer
- Department of Internal MedicineErzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Reseach Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Levent Demirtas
- Department of Internal MedicineErzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Reseach Hospital Erzincan Turkey
| | - Suleyman Turk
- Department of NephrologyNecmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine Konya Turkey
| | - H. Zeki Tonbul
- Department of NephrologyNecmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine Konya Turkey
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167
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Santhosh MS, Thushara RM, Hemshekhar M, Sunitha K, Devaraja S, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Alleviation of viper venom induced platelet apoptosis by crocin (Crocus sativus): implications for thrombocytopenia in viper bites. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 36:424-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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168
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Alexandru N, Popov D, Dragan E, Andrei E, Georgescu A. Circulating endothelial progenitor cell and platelet microparticle impact on platelet activation in hypertension associated with hypercholesterolemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52058. [PMID: 23372649 PMCID: PMC3556069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this project was to evaluate the influence of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and platelet microparticles (PMPs) on blood platelet function in experimental hypertension associated with hypercholesterolemia. Methods Golden Syrian hamsters were divided in six groups: (i) control, C; (ii) hypertensive-hypercholesterolemic, HH; (iii) ‘prevention’, HHin-EPCs, HH animals fed a HH diet and treated with EPCs; (iv) ‘regression’, HHfin-EPCs, HH treated with EPCs after HH feeding; (v) HH treated with PMPs, HH-PMPs, and (vi) HH treated with EPCs and PMPs, HH-EPCs-PMPs. Results Compared to HH group, the platelets from HHin-EPCs and HHfin-EPCs groups showed a reduction of: (i) activation, reflected by decreased integrin 3β, FAK, PI3K, src protein expression; (ii) secreted molecules as: SDF-1, MCP-1, RANTES, VEGF, PF4, PDGF and (iii) expression of pro-inflammatory molecules as: SDF-1, MCP-1, RANTES, IL-6, IL-1β; TFPI secretion was increased. Compared to HH group, platelets of HH-PMPs group showed increased activation, molecules release and proteins expression. Compared to HH-PMPs group the combination EPCs with PMPs treatment induced a decrease of all investigated platelet molecules, however not comparable with that recorded when EPC individual treatment was applied. Conclusion EPCs have the ability to reduce platelet activation and to modulate their pro-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic properties in hypertension associated with hypercholesterolemia. Although, PMPs have several beneficial effects in combination with EPCs, these did not improve the EPC effects. These findings reveal a new biological role of circulating EPCs in platelet function regulation, and may contribute to understand their cross talk, and the mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Alexandru
- Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail: (NA); adriana.georgescu@ icbp.ro (AG)
| | - Doina Popov
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emanuel Dragan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugen Andrei
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Petru Poni’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, ‘Nicolae Simionescu’ of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- * E-mail: (NA); adriana.georgescu@ icbp.ro (AG)
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169
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Zeinali F, Fossmark R, Hauso Ø, Wiseth R, Hjertner Ø, Waldum HL. Serotonin in blood: assessment of its origin by concomitant determination of β-thromboglobulin (platelets) and chromogranin A (enterochromaffin cells). Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2013; 73:148-53. [PMID: 23327100 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.756121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin is produced in enterochromaffin (EC) cells, taken up and stored in platelets and released during platelet activation. Measurement of platelet-poor plasma serotonin is difficult, mainly due to platelet activation during blood sampling. We aimed to establish a method to assess the influence of platelet release upon platelet-poor plasma serotonin measurement by concomitant determination of serotonin, β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and chromogranin A (CgA). METHODS Blood samples from patients with thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia and small intestinal neuroendocrine (EC-cell) tumors (SI-NETs) as well as healthy volunteers were analyzed. We also measured serotonin in venous and arterial samples from patients undergoing coronary angiography to evaluate peripheral serotonin metabolism. RESULTS Serotonin and CgA were significantly higher in patients with SI-NETs compared to all other groups implying EC cell origin of serotonin in patients with SI-NETs. We found that the serotonin concentration was similar in patients with thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia, whereas plasma β-TG was higher and lower respectively. A high EDTA concentration in the sampling tubes gave significantly lower serotonin concentrations. Serotonin concentrations did not differ between arterial and venous blood. CONCLUSIONS Our methodology to measure platelet-poor plasma serotonin was appropriate. Blood platelet numbers did not affect the level of serotonin in contrast to β-TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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170
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Duttaroy AK. Cardioprotective Properties of Kiwifruit. NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF KIWIFRUIT 2013; 68:273-82. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394294-4.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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171
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Riccioni G, Sblendorio V. Atherosclerosis: from biology to pharmacological treatment. J Geriatr Cardiol 2012; 9:305-17. [PMID: 23097661 PMCID: PMC3470030 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1263.2012.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent explosion in the amount of cardiovascular risk has swept across the globe. Primary prevention is the preferred method to lower cardiovascular risk. Lowering the prevalence of obesity is the most urgent matter, and is pleiotropic since it affects blood pressure, lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and atherothrombotic disease progression. Given the current obstacles, success of primary prevention remains uncertain. At the same time, the consequences of delay and inaction will inevitably be disastrous, and the sense of urgency mounts. Pathological and epidemiological data confirm that atherosclerosis begins in early childhood, and advances seamlessly and inexorably throughout life. Risk factors in childhood are similar to those in adults, and track between stages of life. When indicated, aggressive treatment should begin at the earliest indication, and be continued for many years. For those patients at intermediate risk according to global risk scores, C-reactive protein, coronary artery calcium, and carotid intima-media thickness are available for further stratification. Using statins for primary prevention is recommended by guidelines, is prevalent, but remains under prescribed. Statin drugs are unrivaled, evidence-based, major weapons to lower cardiovascular risk. Even when low density lipoprotein cholesterol targets are attained, over half of patients continue to have disease progression and clinical events. Though clinical evidence is incomplete, altering or raising the blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level continues to be pursued. The aim of this review is to point out the attention of key aspects of vulnerable plaques regarding their pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, Via Isonzo 71043 Manfredonia (FG), Italy
| | - Valeriana Sblendorio
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Via Università, 41121 Modena, Italy
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172
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Wang Y, Tikellis C, Thomas MC, Golledge J. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:3-8. [PMID: 22947420 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) which generates angiotensin II from angiotensin I. ACE, its product angiotensin II and the downstream angiotensin type I receptor are important components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II, the most important component of the RAS, promotes the development of atherosclerosis. The identification of ACE2 in 2000 opened a new chapter of research on the regulation of the RAS. ACE2 degrades pro-atherosclerotic angiotensin II and generates anti-atherosclerotic angiotensin 1-7. In this review, we explored the importance of ACE2 in protecting experimental animals from developing atherosclerosis and its involvement in human atherosclerosis. We also examined the published evidence assessing the importance of ACE2 in different cell types relevant to atherosclerosis and putative underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms linking ACE2 with protection from atherosclerosis. ACE2 shifts the balance from angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7 inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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173
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Pan C, Wei X, Ye J, Liu G, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Du H, Ding Z. BF066, a novel dual target antiplatelet agent without significant bleeding. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40451. [PMID: 22815749 PMCID: PMC3398006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report BF066, a novel adenine derivative, inhibits platelet activation and thrombosis via the adenosine receptor (A(2A)) activation and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition. BF066 inhibits platelet aggregation and ATP releasing induced by multiple platelet agonists in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of BF066 on ADP-induced aggregation is potentiated by adenosine and can be dramatically antagonized by the A(2A) antagonist SCH58261. BF066 also inhibits the PDE activity and platelet spreading on fibrinogen. In FeCl(3)-injured mouse mesenteric arterial thrombosis model, BF066 prevents thrombus formation effectively, similar to clopidogrel. Intriguingly, at dose achieving similar antithrombotic effect compared to clopidogrel, BF066 does not increase bleeding significantly. Taken together, these results suggest that BF066 may be an effective and safe antiplatelet agent targeting both PDE and A(2A). Considering the successful use of combined antiplatelet therapy, BF066 may be further developed as a novel dual target antiplatelet agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangE Pan
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZD)
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangda Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongguang Du
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZD)
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Abstract
Factor V Leiden, is a variant of human factor V (FV), also known as proaccelerin, which leads to a hypercoagulable state. Along these years, factor V Leiden (FVL) has been studied from the pathophysiologic point of view, and research has been focused on finding clinical approaches for the management of the FVL associated to a trombophilic state. Less attention has been paid about the possible role of FVL in inflammatory conditions known to be present in different disorders such as uremia, cirrhosis, liver transplantation, depression as well as sepsis, infection or, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Whether platelet FVL will increase the activation of coagulation and/or in which proportion is able to determine the final outcome in the previously mentioned inflammatory conditions is a subject that remains uncertain. This paper will review the association of FVL with inflammation. Specifically, it will analyze the important role of the endothelium and the contribution of other inflammatory components involved at both the immune and vascular levels. This paper will also try to emphasize the importance of being a FVL carrier in associations to diseases where a chronic inflammation occurs, and how this condition may be determinant in the progression and outcome of a specific clinic situation.
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