151
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Eslami-Arshaghi T, Salehi M, Soleimani M, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Ardeshirylajimi A, Rajabi H. Lymphoid lineage differentiation potential of mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells. Biologicals 2015; 43:349-54. [PMID: 26239678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells therapy is considered as an efficient strategy for the treatment of some diseases. Nevertheless, some obstacles such as probability of rejection by the immune system limit applications of this strategy. Therefore, several efforts have been made to overcome this among which using the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell (nt-ESCs) are the most efficient strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differentiation potential of the nt-ESCs to lymphoid lineage in the presence of IL-7, IL-3, FLT3-ligand and TPO growth factors in vitro. To this end, the nt-ESCs cells were prepared and treated with aforementioned growth factors for 7 and 14 days. Then, the cells were examined for expression of lymphoid markers (CD3, CD25, CD127 and CD19) by quantitative PCR (q-PCR) and flow cytometry. An increased expression of CD19 and CD25 markers was observed in the treated cells compared with the negative control samples by day 7. After 14 days, the expression level of all the tested CD markers significantly increased in the treated groups in comparison with the control. The current study reveals the potential of the nt-ESCs in differentiation to lymphoid lineage in the presence of defined growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarlan Eslami-Arshaghi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Sciences, Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center (UGSCRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hoda Rajabi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Sciences, Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
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152
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Abstract
The use of human pluripotent stem cells for in vitro disease modelling and clinical applications requires protocols that convert these cells into relevant adult cell types. Here, we report the rapid and efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We found that GSK3 inhibition and BMP4 treatment rapidly committed pluripotent cells to a mesodermal fate and subsequent exposure to VEGF-A or PDGF-BB resulted in the differentiation of either endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells, respectively. Both protocols produced mature cells with efficiencies exceeding 80% within six days. On purification to 99% via surface markers, endothelial cells maintained their identity, as assessed by marker gene expression, and showed relevant in vitro and in vivo functionality. Global transcriptional and metabolomic analyses confirmed that the cells closely resembled their in vivo counterparts. Our results suggest that these cells could be used to faithfully model human disease.
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153
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Rat full term amniotic fluid harbors highly potent stem cells. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:89-99. [PMID: 26412526 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) are commonly isolated from mid-term amniotic fluid (AF) of animals and human collected via an invasive technique, amniocentesis. Alternatively, AFSCs could be collected at full-term. However, it is unclear whether AFSCs are present in the AF at full term. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize stem cells isolated from AF of full term pregnant rats. Three stem cell lines have been established following immuno-selection against the stem cell marker, c-kit. Two of the new lines expressed multiple markers of pluripotency until more than passage 90. Further, they spontaneously differentiated into derivatives of the three primary germ layers through the formation of good quality embryoid bodies (EBs), and can be directly differentiated into neural lineage. Their strong stemness and potent neurogenic properties highlight the presence of highly potent stem cells in AF of full-term pregnancies, which could serve as a potential source of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
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154
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Amabile G, Di Ruscio A, Müller F, Welner RS, Yang H, Ebralidze AK, Zhang H, Levantini E, Qi L, Martinelli G, Brummelkamp T, Le Beau MM, Figueroa ME, Bock C, Tenen DG. Dissecting the role of aberrant DNA methylation in human leukaemia. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7091. [PMID: 25997600 PMCID: PMC4443494 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the genetic translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) encoding for the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. However, many molecular mechanisms of the disease progression still remain poorly understood. A growing body of evidence suggests that the epigenetic abnormalities are involved in tyrosine kinase resistance in CML, leading to leukaemic clone escape and disease propagation. Here we show that, by applying cellular reprogramming to primary CML cells, aberrant DNA methylation contributes to the disease evolution. Importantly, using a BCR-ABL inducible murine model, we demonstrate that a single oncogenic lesion triggers DNA methylation changes, which in turn act as a precipitating event in leukaemia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Amabile
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Annalisa Di Ruscio
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Fabian Müller
- Max Plank Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken 117599, Germany
| | - Robert S Welner
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 66123, Singapore
| | - Alexander K Ebralidze
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Elena Levantini
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lihua Qi
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 66123, Singapore
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | | | - Michelle M Le Beau
- Section of Hematology/Oncology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- University of Michigan, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Christoph Bock
- 1] Max Plank Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken 117599, Germany [2] CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- 1] Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [3] Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 66123, Singapore
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155
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Shoni M, Lui KO, Vavvas DG, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Vlahos N, Ng SW. Protein kinases and associated pathways in pluripotent state and lineage differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 9:366-87. [PMID: 24998240 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x09666140616130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) mediate the reversible conversion of substrate proteins to phosphorylated forms, a key process in controlling intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Pluripotency is, among others, characterized by specifically expressed PKs forming a highly interconnected regulatory network that culminates in a finely-balanced molecular switch. Current high-throughput phosphoproteomic approaches have shed light on the specific regulatory PKs and their function in controlling pluripotent states. Pluripotent cell-derived endothelial and hematopoietic developments represent an example of the importance of pluripotency in cancer therapeutics and organ regeneration. This review attempts to provide the hitherto known kinome profile and the individual characterization of PK-related pathways that regulate pluripotency. Elucidating the underlying intrinsic and extrinsic signals may improve our understanding of the different pluripotent states, the maintenance or induction of pluripotency, and the ability to tailor lineage differentiation, with a particular focus on endothelial cell differentiation for anti-cancer treatment, cell-based tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu-Wing Ng
- 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI- 449A, Boston MA 02115, USA.
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156
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Ma N, Shan Y, Liao B, Kong G, Wang C, Huang K, Zhang H, Cai X, Chen S, Pei D, Chen N, Pan G. Factor-induced Reprogramming and Zinc Finger Nuclease-aided Gene Targeting Cause Different Genome Instability in β-Thalassemia Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12079-89. [PMID: 25795783 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.624999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of personalized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) followed by targeted genome editing provides an opportunity for developing customized effective cellular therapies for genetic disorders. However, it is critical to ascertain whether edited iPSCs harbor unfavorable genomic variations before their clinical application. To examine the mutation status of the edited iPSC genome and trace the origin of possible mutations at different steps, we have generated virus-free iPSCs from amniotic cells carrying homozygous point mutations in β-hemoglobin gene (HBB) that cause severe β-thalassemia (β-Thal), corrected the mutations in both HBB alleles by zinc finger nuclease-aided gene targeting, and obtained the final HBB gene-corrected iPSCs by excising the exogenous drug resistance gene with Cre recombinase. Through comparative genomic hybridization and whole-exome sequencing, we uncovered seven copy number variations, five small insertions/deletions, and 64 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in β-Thal iPSCs before the gene targeting step and found a single small copy number variation, 19 insertions/deletions, and 340 single nucleotide variations in the final gene-corrected β-Thal iPSCs. Our data revealed that substantial but different genomic variations occurred at factor-induced somatic cell reprogramming and zinc finger nuclease-aided gene targeting steps, suggesting that stringent genomic monitoring and selection are needed both at the time of iPSC derivation and after gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yongli Shan
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Baojian Liao
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guanyi Kong
- Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics Company Limited, Wuhan 430075, China, and
| | - Cheng Wang
- Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics Company Limited, Wuhan 430075, China, and
| | - Ke Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiujuan Cai
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shubin Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Guangjin Pan
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China,
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157
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De novo generation of HSCs from somatic and pluripotent stem cell sources. Blood 2015; 125:2641-8. [PMID: 25762177 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-570234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from autologous tissues, when coupled with genome editing technologies, is a promising approach for cellular transplantation therapy and for in vitro disease modeling, drug discovery, and toxicology studies. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a potentially inexhaustible supply of autologous tissue; however, to date, directed differentiation from hPSCs has yielded hematopoietic cells that lack robust and sustained multilineage potential. Cellular reprogramming technologies represent an alternative platform for the de novo generation of HSCs via direct conversion from heterologous cell types. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in HSC generation by directed differentiation from hPSCs or direct conversion from somatic cells, and highlight their applications in research and prospects for therapy.
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158
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French A, Yang CT, Taylor S, Watt SM, Carpenter L. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived B lymphocytes express sIgM and can be generated via a hemogenic endothelium intermediate. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1082-95. [PMID: 25519920 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to the B-cell lymphoid lineage has important clinical applications that include in vitro modeling of developmental lymphogenesis in health and disease. Here, we first demonstrate the capacity of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to differentiate into CD144(+)CD73(-)CD43/CD235a(-) cells, characterized as hemogenic endothelium, and show that this population is capable of differentiating to CD10(+)CD19(+) B lymphocytes. We also demonstrate that B lymphocytes generated from hiPSCs are able to undergo full VDJ rearrangement and express surface IgM (sIgM(+)), thus representing an immature B-cell subset. Efficiency of sIgM expression on the hiPSC-derived B lymphocytes (∼ 5% of CD19(+) cells) was comparable with B lymphocytes generated from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic progenitor cells. Importantly, when assessed by global transcriptional profiling, hiPSC-derived B-cells show a very high level of similarity when compared with their UCB-derived counterparts, such that from more than 47,000 different transcripts, only 45 were significantly different (with a criteria adjusted P value P<0.05, log FC >1.5 or 2.8-fold). This represents a unique in vitro model to delineate critical events during lymphogeneisis in development and lymphoid diseases such as acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna French
- 1 Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, University of Oxford , John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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159
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Ganji F, Abroun S, Baharvand H, Aghdami N, Ebrahimi M. Differentiation potential of o bombay human-induced pluripotent stem cells and human embryonic stem cells into fetal erythroid-like cells. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 16:426-39. [PMID: 25685733 PMCID: PMC4297481 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective There is constant difficulty in obtaining adequate supplies of blood components, as well as disappointing performance of "universal" red blood cells. Advances in
somatic cell reprogramming of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have provided a valuable alternative source to differentiate into any desired cell type as a therapeutic promise to cure many human disease.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we examined the erythroid differentiation potential of normal Bombay hiPSCs (B-hiPSCs) and compared results
to human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. Because of lacking ABO blood group
expression in B-hiPSCs, it has been highlighted as a valuable source to produce any
cell type in vitro.
Results Similar to hESC lines, hemangioblasts derived from B-hiPSCs expressed approximately 9% KDR+CD31+ and approximately 5% CD31+CD34+. In semisolid media,
iPSC and hESC-derived hemangioblast formed mixed type of hematopoietic colony. In
mixed colonies, erythroid progenitors were capable to express CD71+GPA+HbF+ and accompanied by endothelial cells differentiation. Conclusion Finally, iPS and ES cells have been directly induced to erythropoiesis without hemangioblast formation that produced CD71+HbF+ erythroid cells. Although we observed
some variations in the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation between iPSC and ES cells,
the pattern of differentiation was similar among all three tested lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ganji
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Regenerative Biomedicine at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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160
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Ni Z, Knorr DA, Bendzick L, Allred J, Kaufman DS. Expression of chimeric receptor CD4ζ by natural killer cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells improves in vitro activity but does not enhance suppression of HIV infection in vivo. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1021-31. [PMID: 24307574 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based immunotherapy has been gaining interest as an improved means to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could become a potential resource. Our previous studies have shown hESC and iPSC-derived natural killer (NK) cells can inhibit HIV-infected targets in vitro. Here, we advance those studies by expressing a HIV chimeric receptor combining the extracellular portion of CD4 to the CD3ζ intracellular signaling chain. We hypothesized that expression of this CD4ζ receptor would more efficiently direct hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells to target HIV-infected cells. In vitro studies showed the CD4ζ expressing hESC- and iPSC-NK cells inhibited HIV replication in CD4+ T-cells more efficiently than their unmodified counterparts. We then evaluated CD4ζ expressing hESC (CD4ζ-hESC)- and iPSC-NK cells in vivo anti-HIV activity using a humanized mouse model. We demonstrated significant suppression of HIV replication in mice treated with both CD4ζ-modified and -unmodified hESC-/iPSC-NK cells compared with control mice. However, we did not observe significantly increased efficacy of CD4ζ expression in suppression of HIV infection. These studies indicate that hESC/iPSC-based immunotherapy can be used as a unique resource to target HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Ni
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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161
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Liu S, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Feng B, Huang H. Progress and challenges in generating functional hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:344-58. [PMID: 25680303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro holds great potential for providing alternative sources of donor cells for clinical HSC transplantation. However, the low efficiency of current protocols for generating blood lineages and the dysfunction identified in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells limit their use for full hematopoietic reconstitution in clinics. This review outlines the current understanding of in vitro hematopoietic differentiation from hPSCs, emphasizes the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms that are attributed to the aberrant phenotype and function in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells, pinpoints the current challenges to develop the truly functional HSCs from hPSCs for clinical applications and explores their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; SBS Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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162
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Byrska-Bishop M, VanDorn D, Campbell AE, Betensky M, Arca PR, Yao Y, Gadue P, Costa FF, Nemiroff RL, Blobel GA, French DL, Hardison RC, Weiss MJ, Chou ST. Pluripotent stem cells reveal erythroid-specific activities of the GATA1 N-terminus. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:993-1005. [PMID: 25621499 DOI: 10.1172/jci75714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline GATA1 mutations that result in the production of an amino-truncated protein termed GATA1s (where s indicates short) cause congenital hypoplastic anemia. In patients with trisomy 21, similar somatic GATA1s-producing mutations promote transient myeloproliferative disease and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Here, we demonstrate that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with GATA1-truncating mutations exhibit impaired erythroid potential, but enhanced megakaryopoiesis and myelopoiesis, recapitulating the major phenotypes of the associated diseases. Similarly, in developmentally arrested GATA1-deficient murine megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors derived from murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), expression of GATA1s promoted megakaryopoiesis, but not erythropoiesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed a selective deficiency in the ability of GATA1s to activate erythroid-specific genes within populations of hematopoietic progenitors. Although its DNA-binding domain was intact, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed that GATA1s binding at specific erythroid regulatory regions was impaired, while binding at many nonerythroid sites, including megakaryocytic and myeloid target genes, was normal. Together, these observations indicate that lineage-specific GATA1 cofactor associations are essential for normal chromatin occupancy and provide mechanistic insights into how GATA1s mutations cause human disease. More broadly, our studies underscore the value of ESCs and iPSCs to recapitulate and study disease phenotypes.
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163
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Souza GTD, Maranduba CP, Souza CMD, Amaral DLASD, Guia FCD, Zanette RDSS, Rettore JVP, Rabelo NC, Nascimento LM, Pinto &IFN, Farani JB, Neto AEH, Silva FDS, Maranduba CMDC, Atalla A. Advances in cellular technology in the hematology field: What have we learned so far? World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:106-115. [PMID: 25621110 PMCID: PMC4300920 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in the hematology field, blood transfusion-related iatrogenesis is still a major issue to be considered during such procedures due to blood antigenic incompatibility. This places pluripotent stem cells as a possible ally in the production of more suitable blood products. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art concerning the differentiation of both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to hematopoietic cell lines. Here, we review the most recently published protocols to achieve the production of blood cells for future application in hemotherapy, cancer therapy and basic research.
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164
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Thymopentin enhances the generation of T-cell lineage derived from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2015; 331:387-98. [PMID: 25576384 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymopentin is a group of biologically active peptide secreted mainly by the epithelial cells of thymic cortex and medulla. Whether it promotes T cells production from human embryonic stem cells(hESCs) in vitro remains an elusive issue. In the present study, we develop a novel strategy that enhances T-cell lineage differentiation of hESCs in collagen matrix culture by sequential cytokine cocktails treatment combined with thymopentin stimulation. We observed that approximately 30.75% cells expressed CD34 on day 14 of the cultures and expressed the surface markers of erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The results of colony assays and gene expressions by RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated that hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) derived from hESCs were capable of multi-lineage differentiation. Further study revealed that culturing with thymopentin treatment, the CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) cells sorted from HPCs expressed T-cell-related genes, IKAROS, DNTT, TCRγ and TCRβ, and T-cell surface markers, CD3, cytoplasmic CD3, CD5, CD27, TCRγδ, CD4 and CD8. The differentiated cells produced the cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α in response to stimulation, providing the evidence for T-cell function of these cells. In conclusion, thymopentin enhances T-cell lineage differentiation from hESCs in vitro by mimicking thymus peptide environment in vivo.
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165
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Ingrungruanglert P, Amarinthnukrowh P, Rungsiwiwut R, Maneesri-le Grand S, Sosothikul D, Suphapeetiporn K, Israsena N, Shotelersuk V. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome iPS cells produce megakaryocytes with defects in cytoskeletal rearrangement and proplatelet formation. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:792-805. [PMID: 25518736 DOI: 10.1160/th14-06-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked recessive disorder characterised by microthrombocytopenia, complex immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and haematologic malignancies. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding WAS protein (WASP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton and chromatin structure in various blood cell lineages. The molecular mechanisms underlying microthrombocytopenia caused by WASP mutations remain elusive. Murine models of WASP deficiency exhibited only mild thrombocytopenia with normal-sized platelets. Here we report on the successful generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from two patients with different mutations in WASP (c.1507T>A and c.55C>T). When differentiated into early CD34+ haematopoietic and megakaryocyte progenitors, the WAS-iPSC lines were indistinguishable from the wild-type iPSCs. However, all WAS-iPSC lines exhibited defects in platelet productionin vitro. WAS-iPSCs produced platelets with more irregular shapes and smaller sizes. Immunofluorescence and electron micrograph showed defects in cytoskeletal rearrangement, F-actin distribution, and proplatelet formation. Proplatelet defects were more pronounced when using culture systems with stromal feeders comparing to feeder-free culture condition. Overexpression of WASP in the WAS-iPSCs using a lentiviral vector improved proplatelet structures and increased the platelet size. Our findings substantiate the use of iPSC technology to elucidate the disease mechanisms of WAS in thrombopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Kanya Suphapeetiporn, MD, PhD, Head, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Sor Kor Building 11th floor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Tel.: +662 256 4951, Fax: +662 256 4000 Ext 3589, E-mail:
| | - Nipan Israsena
- Nipan Israsena, MD, PhD, Head, Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Tel.: +662 256 4000 Ext 3589, Fax: +662 256 4911, E-mail:
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166
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Larbi A, Mitjavila-Garcia MT, Flamant S, Valogne Y, Clay D, Usunier B, l'Homme B, Féraud O, Casal I, Gobbo E, Divers D, Chapel A, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Haddad R. Generation of multipotent early lymphoid progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2983-95. [PMID: 24955741 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During human embryonic stem cell (ESC) hematopoietic differentiation, the description of the initial steps of lymphopoiesis remains elusive. Using a two-step culture procedure, we identified two original populations of ESC-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) with CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) and CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) phenotypes. Bulk cultures and limiting dilution assays, culture with MS5 cells in the presence of Notch ligand Delta-like-1 (DL-1), and ex vivo colonization tests using fetal thymic organ cultures showed that although CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) HPCs could generate cells of the three lymphoid lineages, their potential was skewed toward the B cell lineages. In contrast, CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs predominantly exhibited a T/natural killer (NK) cell differentiation potential. Furthermore these cells could differentiate equivalently into cells of the granulo-macrophagic lineage and dendritic cells and lacked erythroid potential. Expression profiling of 18 markers by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) and CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs express genes of the lymphoid specification and that CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) cells express B-cell-associated genes, while CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs display a T-cell molecular profile. Altogether, these findings indicate that CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(-) and CD34(+)CD45RA(+)CD7(+) HPCs correspond to candidate multipotent early lymphoid progenitors polarized toward either the B or T/NK lineage, respectively. This work should improve our understanding of the early steps of lymphopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells and pave the way for the production of lymphocytes for cell-based immunotherapy and lymphoid development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniya Larbi
- 1 Inserm UMR 935, "ESTeam Paris Sud", Stem Cell Core Facility SFR André Lwoff, Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud , Villejuif, France
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167
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Brault J, Goutagny E, Telugu N, Shao K, Baquié M, Satre V, Coutton C, Grunwald D, Brion JP, Barlogis V, Stephan JL, Plantaz D, Hescheler J, Krause KH, Sarić T, Stasia MJ. Optimized Generation of Functional Neutrophils and Macrophages from Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Ex Vivo Models of X(0)-Linked, AR22(0)- and AR47(0)- Chronic Granulomatous Diseases. Biores Open Access 2014; 3:311-26. [PMID: 25469316 PMCID: PMC4245876 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2014.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited orphan disorder caused by mutations in one of the five genes encoding reduced nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate oxidase subunits, which subsequently lead to impairment in the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). In order to offer several cell line models of CGD and therefore support research on pathophysiology and new therapeutic approaches, we optimized protocols to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from wild-type, X0-, AR220- and AR470-CGD patient's fibroblasts into neutrophils and into macrophages. Aberrant genetic clones were discarded after chromosome karyotyping and array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis. All remaining iPSC lines showed human embryonic stem cell–like morphology, expressed all tested pluripotency markers and formed embryoid bodies that contained cells originating from all three primary germ layers. Furthermore, each CGD patient-specific iPSC line retained the gp91phox, p47phox, and p22phox mutations found in the corresponding patient's neutrophils. The average production of CD34+ progenitors was of 1.5×106 cells after 10 days of differentiation of 10×106 iPSCs. They were terminally differentiated into about 3×105 neutrophils or into 3×107 macrophages. Based on morphological, phenotypical, and functional criteria both phagocyte types were mature and indistinguishable from the native human neutrophils and macrophages. However, neutrophils and macrophages derived from X0-, AR220-, and AR470-CGD patient-specific iPSC lines lacked ROS production and the corresponding mutated proteins. To simplify the phagocytes' production upon request, progenitors can be cryopreserved. In conclusion, we describe a reproducible, simple, and efficient way to generate neutrophils and macrophages from iPSCs and provide a new cellular model for the AR220-CGD genetic form that has not been described before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brault
- Techniques de l' Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France . ; Centre Diagnostic et Recherche sur la CGD (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
| | - Erwan Goutagny
- Techniques de l' Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France . ; Centre Diagnostic et Recherche sur la CGD (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
| | - Narasimha Telugu
- Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany
| | - Kaifeng Shao
- Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany
| | - Mathurin Baquié
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Satre
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Pôle Couple/Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Pôle Couple/Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Grunwald
- Institut de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique , Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Paul Brion
- Service d'Infectiologie, Pôle Médecine Aigue et Communautaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Barlogis
- Service de Pédiatrie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM) - Hôpital de La Timone , Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Stephan
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne , Hôpital Nord, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Dominique Plantaz
- Département de Pédiatrie, Pôle Couple/Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tomo Sarić
- Center for Physiology and Pathology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Koln , Koln, Germany
| | - Marie José Stasia
- Techniques de l' Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité-Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble (TIMC-IMAG), Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France . ; Centre Diagnostic et Recherche sur la CGD (CDiReC), Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble , Grenoble, France
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168
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Uenishi G, Theisen D, Lee JH, Kumar A, Raymond M, Vodyanik M, Swanson S, Stewart R, Thomson J, Slukvin I. Tenascin C promotes hematoendothelial development and T lymphoid commitment from human pluripotent stem cells in chemically defined conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:1073-84. [PMID: 25448067 PMCID: PMC4263995 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of hemogenic endothelium (HE) in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures presents opportunities to investigate signaling pathways that are essential for blood development from endothelium and provides an exploratory platform for de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the use of poorly defined human or animal components limits the utility of the current differentiation systems for studying specific growth factors required for HE induction and manufacturing clinical-grade therapeutic blood cells. Here, we identified chemically defined conditions required to produce HE from hPSCs growing in Essential 8 (E8) medium and showed that Tenascin C (TenC), an extracellular matrix protein associated with HSC niches, strongly promotes HE and definitive hematopoiesis in this system. hPSCs differentiated in chemically defined conditions undergo stages of development similar to those previously described in hPSCs cocultured on OP9 feeders, including the formation of VE-Cadherin+CD73−CD235a/CD43− HE and hematopoietic progenitors with myeloid and T lymphoid potential. Hemogenic endothelium is generated in a completely defined xenogen-free system The system reproduces all stages of hematopoietic development Tenascin C enhances hematoendothelial development from pluripotent stem cells Tenesacin C uniquely supports T cell specification
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Uenishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Derek Theisen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matt Raymond
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Maxim Vodyanik
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - James Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor Slukvin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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169
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Kim EM, Miyake B, Aggarwal M, Voetlause R, Griffith M, Zavazava N. Embryonic stem cell-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells down-regulate the CD3 ξ chain on T cells, abrogating alloreactive T cells. Immunology 2014; 142:421-30. [PMID: 24527810 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) engraft and populate lymphoid organs. In vivo, HPCs engraft across MHC barriers protecting donor-type allografts from rejection. However, the underlying phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we sought to determine the mechanism by which ES cell-derived HPCs regulate alloreactive T cells. We used the 2C mouse, which expresses a transgenic T-cell receptor against H2-L(d) to determine whether HPCs are deleted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Previously, we reported that HPCs express MHC class I antigens poorly and do not express class II antigens. In vitro stimulated 2C CTLs failed to lyse H2-L(d) HPCs in a standard 4-hr (51) chromium release assay. Similarly, when the HPCs were tested in an ELISPOT assay measuring the release of interferon-γ by CTLs, HPCs failed to induce CTL degranulation. In addition, mice that were injected with HPCs showed a marked decrease in T-cell responses to alloantigen and CD3 stimulation, but showed a normal response to PMA/ionomycin, suggesting that HPCs impaired T-cell signalling through the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex. Here, we show that HPCs secrete arginase, an enzyme that scavenges l-arginine, leading to metabolites that down-regulate CD3 ζ chain. Indeed an arginase inhibitor partially restored expression of the CD3 ζ chain, implicating arginase 1 in the down-regulation of T cells. This previously unrecognized property of ES cell-derived HPCs could positively enhance the engraftment of ES cell-derived HPCs across MHC barriers by preventing rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics & Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
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170
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Lian X, Xu J, Li J, Chien KR. Next-generation models of human cardiogenesis via genome editing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a013920. [PMID: 25237142 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenesis is one of the earliest and most important steps during human development and is orchestrated by discrete families of heart progenitors, which build distinct regions of the fetal heart. For the past decade, a lineage map for the distinct subsets of progenitors that generate the embryonic mammalian heart has begun to lay a foundation for the development of new strategies for rebuilding the adult heart after injury, an unmet clinical need for the vast majority of patients with end-stage heart failure who are not heart transplant recipients. The studies also have implications for the root causes of congenital heart disease, which affects 1 in 50 live births, the most prevalent malformations in children. Although much of this insight has been generated in murine models, it is becoming increasingly clear that there can be important divergence with principles and pathways for human cardiogenesis, as well as for regenerative pathways. The development of human stem cell models, coupled with recent advances in genome editing with RNA-guided endonucleases, offers a new approach for the primary study of human cardiogenesis. In addition, application of the technology to the in vivo setting in large animal models, including nonhuman primates, has opened the door to genome-edited large animal models of adult and congenital heart disease, as well as a detailed mechanistic dissection of the more diverse and complex set of progenitor families and pathways, which guide human cardiogenesis. Implications of this new technology for a new generation of human-based, genetically tractable systems are discussed, along with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Lian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
| | - Jiejia Xu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
| | - Jinsong Li
- Group of Epigenetic Reprogramming, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14186, Sweden
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171
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Eguizabal C, Zenarruzabeitia O, Monge J, Santos S, Vesga MA, Maruri N, Arrieta A, Riñón M, Tamayo-Orbegozo E, Amo L, Larrucea S, Borrego F. Natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy: pluripotent stem cells-derived NK cells as an immunotherapeutic perspective. Front Immunol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25309538 PMCID: PMC4164009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the fight against tumor development. Over the last years, the progress made in the NK-cell biology field and in deciphering how NK-cell function is regulated, is driving efforts to utilize NK-cell-based immunotherapy as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant diseases. Therapies involving NK cells may be accomplished by activating and expanding endogenous NK cells by means of cytokine treatment or by transferring exogenous cells by adoptive cell therapy and/or by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. NK cells that are suitable for adoptive cell therapy can be derived from different sources, including ex vivo expansion of autologous NK cells, unstimulated or expanded allogeneic NK cells from peripheral blood, derived from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood, and NK-cell lines. Besides, genetically modified NK cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors or cytokines genes may also have a relevant future as therapeutic tools. Recently, it has been described the derivation of large numbers of functional and mature NK cells from pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, which adds another tool to the expanding NK-cell-based cancer immunotherapy arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Monge
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues , Galdakao , Spain
| | - Silvia Santos
- Basque Center for Transfusion and Human Tissues , Galdakao , Spain
| | | | - Natalia Maruri
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Arantza Arrieta
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Marta Riñón
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | | | - Laura Amo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Susana Larrucea
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute , Barakaldo , Spain ; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain
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172
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Abstract
The molecular determinants regulating the specification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into hematopoietic cells remain elusive. HOXA9 plays a relevant role in leukemogenesis and hematopoiesis. It is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is downregulated upon differentiation. Hoxa9-deficient mice display impaired hematopoietic development, and deregulation of HOXA9 expression is frequently associated with acute leukemia. Analysis of the genes differentially expressed in cord blood HSPCs vs hESC-derived HSPCs identified HOXA9 as the most downregulated gene in hESC-derived HSPCs, suggesting that expression levels of HOXA9 may be crucial for hematopoietic differentiation of hESC. Here we show that during hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs, HOXA9 expression parallels hematopoietic development, but is restricted to the hemogenic precursors (HEP) (CD31(+)CD34(+)CD45(-)), and diminishes as HEPs differentiate into blood cells (CD45(+)). Different gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies reveal that HOXA9 enhances hematopoietic differentiation of hESCs by specifically promoting the commitment of HEPs into primitive and total CD45(+) blood cells. Gene expression analysis suggests that nuclear factor-κB signaling could be collaborating with HOXA9 to increase hematopoietic commitment. However, HOXA9 on its own is not sufficient to confer in vivo long-term engraftment potential to hESC-hematopoietic derivatives, reinforcing the idea that additional molecular regulators are needed for the generation of definitive in vivo functional HSPCs from hESC.
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173
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Rong Z, Wang M, Hu Z, Stradner M, Zhu S, Kong H, Yi H, Goldrath A, Yang YG, Xu Y, Fu X. An effective approach to prevent immune rejection of human ESC-derived allografts. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14:121-30. [PMID: 24388175 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for cell therapy as a source of diverse differentiated cell types. One key bottleneck to realizing such potential is allogenic immune rejection of hESC-derived cells by recipients. Here, we optimized humanized mice (Hu-mice) reconstituted with a functional human immune system that mounts a vigorous rejection of hESCs and their derivatives. We established knockin hESCs that constitutively express CTLA4-Ig and PD-L1 before and after differentiation, denoted CP hESCs. We then demonstrated that allogenic CP hESC-derived teratomas, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes are immune protected in Hu-mice, while cells derived from parental hESCs are effectively rejected. Expression of both CTLA4-Ig, which disrupts T cell costimulatory pathways, and PD-L1, which activates T cell inhibitory pathway, is required to confer immune protection, as neither was sufficient on their own. These findings are instrumental for developing a strategy to protect hESC-derived cells from allogenic immune responses without requiring systemic immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Rong
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China; Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Zheng Hu
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Martin Stradner
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Shengyun Zhu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China; Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Huijuan Kong
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Huanfa Yi
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Ananda Goldrath
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0322, USA.
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China; Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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174
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Du C, Narayanan K, Leong MF, Wan AC. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes and endothelial cells in multi-component hydrogel fibers for liver tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6006-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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175
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Moon SH, Kim JM, Hong KS, Shin JM, Kim J, Chung HM. Differentiation of hESCs into Mesodermal Subtypes: Vascular-, Hematopoietic- and Mesenchymal-lineage Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 4:24-34. [PMID: 24298331 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2011.4.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, studies on the application of mesodermally derived mesenchymal-, hematopoietic- and vascular-lineage cells for cell therapy have provided either poor or insufficient data. The results are equivocal with regard to therapeutic efficiency and yield. Since the establishment of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in 1998, the capacity of hESCs to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages has sparked considerable interest in the regenerative medicine community, a group interested in generating specialized cells to treat patients suffering from degenerative diseases. Even though hESCs are sensitive, effective methods for guiding the differentiation of hESCs into specific mesodermal cell types are still being developed. In addition, to understand the functional properties of hESC derivatives, numerous animal model studies have been performed by many research groups over the last decade. In this review, we describe and summarize the protocols currently used for differentiation of hESCs into multiple mesodermal lineages and their therapeutic efficiency in different animal models. Furthermore, we discuss the technical hurdles associated with each protocol and the safety of hESC derivatives for therapeutic applications. Technical improvement of the methods used to produce hESC derivatives for therapeutic use in patients with degenerative diseases should remain an objective of future studies, as should the development of effective and stable induction systems.
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176
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Singh VK, Saini A, Tsuji K, Sharma PB, Chandra R. Manufacturing blood ex vivo: a futuristic approach to deal with the supply and safety concerns. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:26. [PMID: 25364733 PMCID: PMC4206981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions are routinely done in every medical regimen and a worldwide established collection, processing/storage centers provide their services for the same. There have been extreme global demands for both raising the current collections and supply of safe/adequate blood due to increasingly demanding population. With, various risks remain associated with the donor derived blood, and a number of post collection blood screening and processing methods put extreme constraints on supply system especially in the underdeveloped countries. A logistic approach to manufacture erythrocytes ex-vivo by using modern tissue culture techniques have surfaced in the past few years. There are several reports showing the possibilities of RBCs (and even platelets/neutrophils) expansion under tightly regulated conditions. In fact, ex vivo synthesis of the few units of clinical grade RBCs from a single dose of starting material such as umbilical cord blood (CB) has been well established. Similarly, many different sources are also being explored for the same purpose, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the major concerns remain elusive before the manufacture and clinical use of different blood components may be used to successfully replace the present system of donor derived blood transfusion. The most important factor shall include the large scale of RBCs production from each donated unit within a limited time period and cost of their production, both of these issues need to be handled carefully since many of the recipients among developing countries are unable to pay even for the freely available donor derived blood. Anyways, keeping these issues in mind, present article shall be focused on the possibilities of blood production and their use in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K Singh
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Saini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Kohichiro Tsuji
- Departments of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - P B Sharma
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi Delhi, India
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177
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Pryzhkova MV, Aria I, Cheng Q, Harris GM, Zan X, Gharib M, Jabbarzadeh E. Carbon nanotube-based substrates for modulation of human pluripotent stem cell fate. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5098-109. [PMID: 24690530 PMCID: PMC4943838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the biological response of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) cultured on a carbon nanotube (CNT) array-based substrate with the long term goal to direct hPSC germ layer specification for a wide variety of tissue engineering applications. CNT arrays were fabricated using a chemical vapor deposition system allowing for control over surface roughness and mechanical stiffness. Our results demonstrated that hPSCs readily attach to hydrophilized and extracellular matrix coated CNT arrays. hPSCs cultured as colonies in conditions supporting self-renewal demonstrated the morphology and marker expression of undifferentiated hPSCs. Conditions inducing spontaneous differentiation lead to hPSC commitment to all three embryonic germ layers as assessed by immunostaining and RT-PCR analysis. Strikingly, the physical characteristics of CNT arrays favored mesodermal specification of hPSCs. This is contradictory to the behavior of hPSCs on traditional tissue culture plastic which promotes the development of ectoderm. Altogether, these results demonstrate the potential of CNT arrays to be used in the generation of new platforms that allow for precise control of hPSC differentiation by tuning the characteristics of their physical microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Pryzhkova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Indrat Aria
- Graduate Aeronautics Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
| | - Qingsu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Greg M Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | - Morteza Gharib
- Graduate Aeronautics Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA.
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178
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Yang CT, French A, Goh PA, Pagnamenta A, Mettananda S, Taylor J, Knight S, Nathwani A, Roberts DJ, Watt SM, Carpenter L. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived erythroblasts can undergo definitive erythropoiesis and co-express gamma and beta globins. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:435-48. [PMID: 24837254 PMCID: PMC4375519 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), like embryonic stem cells, are under intense investigation for novel approaches to model disease and for regenerative therapies. Here, we describe the derivation and characterization of hiPSCs from a variety of sources and show that, irrespective of origin or method of reprogramming, hiPSCs can be differentiated on OP9 stroma towards a multi-lineage haemo-endothelial progenitor that can contribute to CD144(+) endothelium, CD235a(+) erythrocytes (myeloid lineage) and CD19(+) B lymphocytes (lymphoid lineage). Within the erythroblast lineage, we were able to demonstrate by single cell analysis (flow cytometry), that hiPSC-derived erythroblasts express alpha globin as previously described, and that a sub-population of these erythroblasts also express haemoglobin F (HbF), indicative of fetal definitive erythropoiesis. More notably however, we were able to demonstrate that a small sub-fraction of HbF positive erythroblasts co-expressed HbA in a highly heterogeneous manner, but analogous to cord blood-derived erythroblasts when cultured using similar methods. Moreover, the HbA expressing erythroblast population could be greatly enhanced (44·0 ± 6·04%) when a defined serum-free approach was employed to isolate a CD31(+) CD45(+) erythro-myeloid progenitor. These findings demonstrate that hiPSCs may represent a useful alternative to standard sources of erythrocytes (RBCs) for future applications in transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tao Yang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, NHS Blood and Transplant and Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, NHS Blood and Transplant and Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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179
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Xie X, Li Y, Pei X. From stem cells to red blood cells: how far away from the clinical application? SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:581-5. [PMID: 24829108 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The generation of red blood cells (RBCs) from stem cells provides a solution for deficiencies in blood transfusion. Currently, primary hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have shown the potential to produce fully mature RBCs. Here, we discuss the advantages, induction protocols, progress and possible clinical applications of stem cells in RBC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYan Xie
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
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180
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Chang CW, Lai YS, Lamb LS, Townes TM. Broad T-cell receptor repertoire in T-lymphocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97335. [PMID: 24828440 PMCID: PMC4020825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have enormous potential for the treatment of inherited and acquired disorders. Recently, antigen-specific T lymphocytes derived from hiPSCs have been reported. However, T lymphocyte populations with broad T cell receptor (TCR) diversity have not been generated. We report that hiPSCs derived from skin biopsy are capable of producing T lymphocyte populations with a broad TCR repertoire. In vitro T cell differentiation follows a similar developmental program as observed in vivo, indicated by sequential expression of CD7, intracellular CD3 and surface CD3. The γδ TCR locus is rearranged first and is followed by rearrangement of the αβ locus. Both γδ and αβ T cells display a diverse TCR repertoire. Upon activation, the cells express CD25, CD69, cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2) and cytolytic proteins (Perforin and Granzyme-B). These results suggest that most, if not all, mechanisms required to generate functional T cells with a broad TCR repertoire are intact in our in vitro differentiation protocol. These data provide a foundation for production of patient-specific T cells for the treatment of acquired or inherited immune disorders and for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Yi-Shin Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Cell Therapy Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Tim M. Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- UAB Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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181
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Zhang W, Yang W, Liu X, Zhang L, Huang W, Zhang Y. Rapidly constructed scaffold-free embryonic stem cell sheets for ocular surface reconstruction. SCANNING 2014; 36:286-92. [PMID: 23861021 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study is an extension of our previously published work demonstrating the generation of corneal epithelial sheets using optimal centrifugation procedure. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for ocular surface reconstruction in rabbits with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) using the centrifugation method. Rabbits with LSCD were assigned to two groups: 30 LSCD rabbits were treated with scaffold-free embryonic stem cells sheets (SESCS) and six LSCD rabbits received no treatment (control group). The two groups were followed up for 15 days using slit lamp observation. Cytokeratin K3, mucin 5AC, and OCT-4 were used to evaluate the re-epithelialization of the cornea. Fluorescent DiIC18(3)-DS dye was used to trace the transplanted cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the cultured epithelial cells of the SESCS-treated group. The SESCS transplant facilitated the reconstruction of the ocular surface in 75% of the treated animals. Conjunctivalization and neovascularization were observed in the control group. The SESCS group was K3 positive and MUC5AC negative, and OCT-4 was observed on the re-epithelialized corneal epithelium. Labeled SESCS cells were detected in vivo at 15 days post-transplant. Using AFM, three different types of cultured cells were identified in the rabbit corneal epithelium of the SESCS treatment group. The SESCS were demonstrated to reconstruct the ocular surface in rabbits with LSCD. ES cells differentiated into corneal epithelial cells when in direct contact with the stroma and thus can serve as a cell source in corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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182
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Pelosi E, Castelli G, Testa U. Endothelial progenitors. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2014; 52:186-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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183
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Inoue-Yokoo T, Tani K, Sugiyama D. Mesodermal and hematopoietic differentiation from ES and iPS cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 9:422-34. [PMID: 22684542 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into any type of tissue when grown in a suitable culture environment and are considered valuable tools for regenerative medicine. In the field of hematology, generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mature hematopoietic cells (HCs) from ES and iPS cells through mesodermal cells, the ancestors of HCs, can facilitate transplantation and transfusion therapy. Several studies report generation of functional HCs from both mouse and human ES and iPS cells. This approach will likely be applied to individual patient-derived iPS cells for regenerative medicine approaches and drug screening in the future. Here, we summarize current studies of HC-generation from ES and iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inoue-Yokoo
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Advanced Medical Initiatives, Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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184
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Li Y, Liu M, Yang ST. Dendritic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells: Potential of large scale production. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:1-10. [PMID: 24567783 PMCID: PMC3927009 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, are promising sources for hematopoietic cells due to their unlimited growth capacity and the pluripotency. Dendritic cells (DCs), the unique immune cells in the hematopoietic system, can be loaded with tumor specific antigen and used as vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. While autologous DCs from peripheral blood are limited in cell number, hPSC-derived DCs provide a novel alternative cell source which has the potential for large scale production. This review summarizes recent advances in differentiating hPSCs to DCs through the intermediate stage of hematopoietic stem cells. Step-wise growth factor induction has been used to derive DCs from hPSCs either in suspension culture of embryoid bodies (EBs) or in co-culture with stromal cells. To fulfill the clinical potential of the DCs derived from hPSCs, the bioprocess needs to be scaled up to produce a large number of cells economically under tight quality control. This requires the development of novel bioreactor systems combining guided EB-based differentiation with engineered culture environment. Hence, recent progress in using bioreactors for hPSC lineage-specific differentiation is reviewed. In particular, the potential scale up strategies for the multistage DC differentiation and the effect of shear stress on hPSC differentiation in bioreactors are discussed in detail.
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185
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Rodriguez RM, Suarez-Alvarez B, Salvanés R, Huidobro C, Toraño EG, Garcia-Perez JL, Lopez-Larrea C, Fernandez AF, Bueno C, Menendez P, Fraga MF. Role of BRD4 in hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Epigenetics 2014; 9:566-78. [PMID: 24445267 DOI: 10.4161/epi.27711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) protein family member BRD4 is a transcriptional regulator, critical for cell cycle progression and cellular viability. Here, we show that BRD4 plays an important role in embryonic stem cell (ESC) regulation. During differentiation of ESCs, BRD4 expression is upregulated and its gene promoter becomes demethylated. Disruption of BRD4 expression in ESCs did not induce spontaneous differentiation but severely diminished hematoendothelial potential. Although BRD4 regulates c-Myc expression, our data show that the role of BRD4 in hematopoietic commitment is not exclusively mediated by c-Myc. Our results indicate that BRD4 is epigenetically regulated during hematopoietic differentiation ESCs in the context of a still unknown signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M Rodriguez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA); HUCA; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo, Spain; Department of Immunology; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Ruben Salvanés
- Department of Immunology; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Oviedo, Spain
| | - Covadonga Huidobro
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA); HUCA; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo, Spain; MRC Human Genetics Unit; Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Western General Hospital; Edinburgh, UK
| | - Estela G Toraño
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA); HUCA; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose L Garcia-Perez
- Department of Human DNA Variability; Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncology (GENYO); Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Department of Immunology; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Oviedo, Spain; Fundacion Renal "Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo"; Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin F Fernandez
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA); HUCA; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute; Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO); Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Government; Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute; Barcelona, Spain; Instituciò Catalana de Reserca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA); HUCA; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo, Spain; Department of Immunology and Oncology; Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CNB-CSIC; Cantoblanco; Madrid, Spain
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186
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Abstract
Epigenetics, through control of gene expression circuitries, plays important roles in various physiological processes such as stem cell differentiation and self renewal. This occurs during embryonic development, in different tissues, and in response to environmental stimuli. The language of epigenetic program is based on specific covalent modifications of DNA and chromatin. Thus, in addition to the individual identity, encoded by sequence of the four bases of the DNA, there is a cell type identity characterized by its positioning in the epigenetic "landscape". Aberrant changes in epigenetic marks induced by environmental cues may contribute to the development of abnormal phenotypes associated with different human diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders and inflammation. Most of the epigenetic studies have focused on embryonic development and cancer biology, while little has been done to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. This review highlights our current knowledge of epigenetic gene regulation and the evidence that chromatin remodeling and histone modifications play key roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease through (re)programming of cardiovascular (stem) cells commitment, identity and function.
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187
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Pfaff N, Lachmann N, Ackermann M, Kohlscheen S, Brendel C, Maetzig T, Niemann H, Antoniou MN, Grez M, Schambach A, Cantz T, Moritz T. A ubiquitous chromatin opening element prevents transgene silencing in pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Stem Cells 2014; 31:488-99. [PMID: 23307570 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Methylation-induced gene silencing represents a major obstacle to efficient transgene expression in pluripotent cells and thereof derived tissues. As ubiquitous chromatin opening elements (UCOE) have been shown to prevent transgene silencing in cell lines and primary hematopoietic cells, we hypothesized a similar activity in pluripotent cells. This concept was investigated in the context of cytidine deaminase (CDD) gene transfer, an approach to render hematopoietic cells resistant to the chemotherapeutic agent Ara-C. When murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)/embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were transduced with self-inactivating lentiviral vectors using housekeeping (truncated elongation factor 1α; EFS) or viral (spleen focus-forming virus; SFFV) promoters, incorporation of an heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2 B1/chromobox protein homolog 3 locus-derived UCOE (A2UCOE) significantly increased transgene expression and Ara-C resistance and effectively prevented silencing of the SFFV-promoter. The EFS promoter showed relatively stable transgene expression in naïve iPSCs, but rapid transgene silencing was observed upon hematopoietic differentiation. When combined with the A2UCOE, however, the EFS promoter yielded stable transgene expression in 73% ± 6% of CD41(+) hematopoietic progeny, markedly increased CDD expression levels, and significantly enhanced Ara-C resistance in clonogenic cells. Bisulfite sequencing revealed protection from differentiation-induced promoter CpG methylation to be associated with these effects. Similar transgene promoting activities of the A2UCOE were observed during murine neurogenic differentiation, in naïve human pluripotent cells, and during nondirected multilineage differentiation of these cells. Thus, our data provide strong evidence that UCOEs can efficiently prevent transgene silencing in iPS/ESCs and their differentiated progeny and thereby introduce a generalized concept to circumvent differentiation-induced transgene silencing during the generation of advanced iPSC/ESC-based gene and cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Pfaff
- REBIRTH Research Group Reprogramming, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
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188
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Abstract
This chapter describes a two-dimensional "monolayer" system for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into "primitive" hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) resembling those produced in vivo by the early embryonic yolk sac. This experimental system utilizes defined conditions without serum or feeder cells. Cytokines are added sequentially to stimulate the formation of mesoderm and its subsequent patterning to hematopoietic progenitors. The HPCs produced by this protocol have multi-lineage potential (erythroid, megakaryocyte, and myeloid) and can be isolated as a homogeneous population for use in standard hematopoietic studies including liquid expansion to mature lineages and colony assays. In addition, the HPCs can be cryopreserved for distribution or analysis at later times. The HPCs generated by this protocol have been used successfully to better define intrinsic variation in hematopoietic potential between different PSC lines and to model human hematopoietic diseases using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.
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189
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Hou Z, Zhang J, Schwartz MP, Stewart R, Page CD, Murphy WL, Thomson JA. A human pluripotent stem cell platform for assessing developmental neural toxicity screening. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4 Suppl 1:S12. [PMID: 24565336 PMCID: PMC3983661 DOI: 10.1186/scrt373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of affordable and effective testing and screening procedures mean surprisingly little is known about the health hazards of many of the tens of thousands of chemicals in use in the world today. The recent rise in the number of children affected by neurological disorders such as autism has stirred valuable debate about the role chemicals play in our daily life, highlighting the need for improved methods of assessing chemicals for developmental neural toxicity. Current methods of testing chemicals for developmental neural toxicity include animal testing with rats or mice and in vitro testing using cultured primary cells or cell lines. Here, we review the current state of neural toxicity screening, analyze the limitations of these methods and, under the National Institutes of Health's new Microphysiological Systems initiative, describe a human pluripotent stem cell-based platform for developmental neural toxicity screens.
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190
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The immunogenicity of cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 11:14-6. [PMID: 24336164 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With their ability to undergo unlimited self-renewal in culture and to differentiate into all cell types in the body, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great potential for the treatment of currently incurable diseases. Two hESC-based cell therapies for spinal cord injury and macular degeneration have been advanced into human clinical trials. Despite this rapid progress, one key challenge of hESC-based cell therapy is the allogeneic immune rejection of hESC-derived cells by recipients. This problem could be mitigated by a recent breakthrough in the technology of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by nuclear reprogramming of patient-specific somatic cells with defined factors, which could become a renewable source of autologous cells for cell therapy. However, recent studies revealing the abnormal epigenetics, genomic stability and immunogenicity of iPSCs have raised safety concerns over iPSC-based therapy. Recent findings related to the immunogenicity of iPSC derivatives will be summarized in this review.
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191
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Paluru P, Hudock KM, Cheng X, Mills JA, Ying L, Galvão AM, Lu L, Tiyaboonchai A, Sim X, Sullivan SK, French DL, Gadue P. The negative impact of Wnt signaling on megakaryocyte and primitive erythroid progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:441-51. [PMID: 24412757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt gene family consists of structurally related genes encoding secreted signaling molecules that have been implicated in many developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. Previously, we found that Wnt signaling is required for primitive or yolk sac-derived-erythropoiesis using the murine embryonic stem cell (ESC) system. Here, we examine the effect of Wnt signaling on the formation of early hematopoietic progenitors derived from human ESCs. The first hematopoietic progenitor cells in the human ESC system express the pan-hematopoietic marker CD41 and the erythrocyte marker, glycophorin A or CD235. We have developed a novel serum-free, feeder-free, adherent differentiation system that can efficiently generate large numbers of CD41+CD235+ cells. We demonstrate that this cell population contains progenitors not just for primitive erythroid and megakaryocyte cells but for the myeloid lineage as well and term this population the primitive common myeloid progenitor (CMP). Treatment of mesoderm-specified cells with Wnt3a led to a loss of hematopoietic colony-forming ability while the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling with DKK1 led to an increase in the number of primitive CMPs. Canonical Wnt signaling also inhibits the expansion and/or survival of primitive erythrocytes and megakaryocytes, but not myeloid cells, derived from this progenitor population. These findings are in contrast to the role of Wnt signaling during mouse ESC differentiation and demonstrate the importance of the human ESC system in studying species-specific differences in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasuna Paluru
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristin M Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A Mills
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Ying
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aline M Galvão
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiuli Sim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Deborah L French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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192
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Marchand M, Anderson EK, Phadnis SM, Longaker MT, Cooke JP, Chen B, Reijo Pera RA. Concurrent generation of functional smooth muscle and endothelial cells via a vascular progenitor. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:91-7. [PMID: 24311701 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are typically derived separately, with low efficiencies, from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The concurrent generation of these cell types might lead to potential applications in regenerative medicine to model, elucidate, and eventually treat vascular diseases. Here we report a robust two-step protocol that can be used to simultaneously generate large numbers of functional SMCs and ECs from a common proliferative vascular progenitor population via a two-dimensional culture system. We show here that coculturing hPSCs with OP9 cells in media supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein 4 yields a higher percentage of CD31(+)CD34(+) cells on day 8 of differentiation. Upon exposure to endothelial differentiation media and SM differentiation media, these vascular progenitors were able to differentiate and mature into functional endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Furthermore, we were able to expand the intermediate population more than a billion fold to generate sufficient numbers of ECs and SMCs in parallel for potential therapeutic transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Marchand
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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193
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Nakajima-Takagi Y, Osawa M, Iwama A. Manipulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:111-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaeko Nakajima-Takagi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology; Gobancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan
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194
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Ma N, Liao B, Zhang H, Wang L, Shan Y, Xue Y, Huang K, Chen S, Zhou X, Chen Y, Pei D, Pan G. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene correction in integration-free β-thalassemia induced pluripotent stem cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34671-9. [PMID: 24155235 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.496174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia (β-Thal) is a group of life-threatening blood disorders caused by either point mutations or deletions of nucleotides in β-globin gene (HBB). It is estimated that 4.5% of the population in the world carry β-Thal mutants (1), posing a persistent threat to public health. The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequent correction of the disease-causing mutations offer an ideal therapeutic solution to this problem. However, homologous recombination-based gene correction in human iPSCs remains largely inefficient. Here, we describe a robust process combining efficient generation of integration-free β-Thal iPSCs from the cells of patients and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-based universal correction of HBB mutations in situ. We generated integration-free and gene-corrected iPSC lines from two patients carrying different types of homozygous mutations and showed that these iPSCs are pluripotent and have normal karyotype. We showed that the correction process did not generate TALEN-induced off targeting mutations by sequencing. More importantly, the gene-corrected β-Thal iPS cell lines from each patient can be induced to differentiate into hematopoietic progenitor cells and then further to erythroblasts expressing normal β-globin. Our studies provide an efficient and universal strategy to correct different types of β-globin mutations in β-Thal iPSCs for disease modeling and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- From the Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology and
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195
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Hematopoietic specification from human pluripotent stem cells: current advances and challenges toward de novo generation of hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2013; 122:4035-46. [PMID: 24124087 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-07-474825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in cellular reprogramming technologies and hematopoietic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have already enabled the routine production of multiple lineages of blood cells in vitro and opened novel opportunities to study hematopoietic development, model genetic blood diseases, and manufacture immunologically matched cells for transfusion and cancer immunotherapy. However, the generation of hematopoietic cells with robust and sustained multilineage engraftment has not been achieved. Here, we highlight the recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular pathways leading to blood development from hPSCs and discuss potential approaches that can be taken to facilitate the development of technologies for de novo production of hematopoietic stem cells.
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196
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Yu YH, Wu DS, Huang FF, Zhang Z, Liu LX, Zhang J, Zhan HE, Peng MY, Zeng H, Chen FP. MicroRNA-20b and ERK1/2 pathway independently regulate the expression of tissue factor in hematopoietic and trophoblastic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:121. [PMID: 24405935 PMCID: PMC3854777 DOI: 10.1186/scrt332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tissue factor (TF) is expressed in various types of cells. TF expression is essential for many biological processes, such as blood coagulation and embryonic development, while its high expression in stem cells often leads to failure of transplantation. In this study, we used the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) culture system to understand the molecular mechanisms by which TF expression is regulated in hESC-derived hematopoietic and trophoblastic cells. Methods hESCs were induced in vitro to differentiate into hematopoietic and trophoblastic cells. TF expression in various types of cells during these differentiation processes was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blot analysis. The regulatory mechanisms of TF expression were investigated by miRNA expression analysis, luciferase report assay, TF mRNA and protein analysis, and pathway phosphorylation analysis. Results We first found that TF was expressed only in trophoblasts and granulocyte–monocyte (G-M) cells differentiated from hESCs; and then demonstrated that miR-20b downregulated and Erk1/2 signaling pathway upregulated the TF expression in trophoblasts and G-M cells. Finally, we found that miR-20b downregulated the TF expression independently of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Conclusions The miR-20b and Erk1/2 pathway independently regulate expression of TF in trophoblasts and G-M cells differentiated from hESCs. These findings will open an avenue to further illustrate the functions of TF in various biological processes.
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197
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Saliba J, Hamidi S, Lenglet G, Langlois T, Yin J, Cabagnols X, Secardin L, Legrand C, Galy A, Opolon P, Benyahia B, Solary E, Bernard OA, Chen L, Debili N, Raslova H, Norol F, Vainchenker W, Plo I, Di Stefano A. Heterozygous and homozygous JAK2(V617F) states modeled by induced pluripotent stem cells from myeloproliferative neoplasm patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74257. [PMID: 24066127 PMCID: PMC3774801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2V617F is the predominant mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Modeling MPN in a human context might be helpful for the screening of molecules targeting JAK2 and its intracellular signaling. We describe here the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines from 2 polycythemia vera patients carrying a heterozygous and a homozygous mutated JAK2V617F, respectively. In the patient with homozygous JAK2V617F, additional ASXL1 mutation and chromosome 20 allowed partial delineation of the clonal architecture and assignation of the cellular origin of the derived iPS cell lines. The marked difference in the response to erythropoietin (EPO) between homozygous and heterozygous cell lines correlated with the constitutive activation level of signaling pathways. Strikingly, heterozygous iPS cells showed thrombopoietin (TPO)-independent formation of megakaryocytic colonies, but not EPO-independent erythroid colony formation. JAK2, PI3K and HSP90 inhibitors were able to block spontaneous and EPO-induced growth of erythroid colonies from GPA+CD41+ cells derived from iPS cells. Altogether, this study brings the proof of concept that iPS can be used for studying MPN pathogenesis, clonal architecture, and drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Saliba
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sofiane Hamidi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gaëlle Lenglet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Thierry Langlois
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jingkui Yin
- Beijing Genomic Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xénia Cabagnols
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lise Secardin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Legrand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 951, University of Évry Val d’Essonne, Genethon, Évry, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Pathology platform, Villejuif, France
| | - Baya Benyahia
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Chromosomique, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier A. Bernard
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 985, Villejuif, France
| | - Longyun Chen
- Beijing Genomic Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Najet Debili
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Norol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabelle Plo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1009, Laboratory of Excellence, Globule rouge-Excellence (GR-Ex), Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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198
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Nishimura T, Kaneko S, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Tajima Y, Goto H, Zhu D, Nakayama-Hosoya K, Iriguchi S, Uemura Y, Shimizu T, Takayama N, Yamada D, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Watanabe N, Takahashi S, Iwamoto A, Koseki H, Nakanishi M, Eto K, Nakauchi H. Generation of rejuvenated antigen-specific T cells by reprogramming to pluripotency and redifferentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:114-26. [PMID: 23290140 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with functional T cells is potentially an effective therapeutic strategy for combating many types of cancer and viral infection. However, exhaustion of antigen-specific T cells represents a major challenge to this type of approach. In an effort to overcome this problem, we reprogrammed clonally expanded antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells from an HIV-1-infected patient to pluripotency. The T cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were then redifferentiated into CD8(+) T cells that had a high proliferative capacity and elongated telomeres. These "rejuvenated" cells possessed antigen-specific killing activity and exhibited T cell receptor gene-rearrangement patterns identical to those of the original T cell clone from the patient. We also found that this method can be effective for generating specific T cells for other pathology-associated antigens. Thus, this type of approach may have broad applications in the field of adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Nishimura
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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199
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Human iPS cell-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells induce T-cell anergy in in vitro-generated alloreactive CD8(+) T cells. Blood 2013; 121:5167-75. [PMID: 23687092 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-11-467753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an alternative source of pluripotent stem cells that can be used for tissue regeneration in place of the controversial human embryonic stem cells. However, immunologic knowledge about iPSC derivatives remains enigmatic. Here, we characterized human iPS-derived CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). These HPCs poorly express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I antigens and are MHC-II negative. Interestingly, they moderately express nonclassical HLA-G and HLA-E molecules. Consequently, alloreactive HLA-A2-specific cytotoxic T cells failed to recognize HLA-A2-expressing HPCs but became anergic. Subsequent upregulation of MHC-I using interferon-γ stimulation and provision of CD28 cosignaling led to T-cell activation, confirming that poor delivery of signals 1 and 2 by the HPCs mediated T-cell anergy. These data indicate for the first time that HPCs induce T-cell anergy, a unique characteristic of iPSC-derived cells that confers immunologic advantage for allogenic transplantation. Although iPSCs are ideal for patient-tailored treatments with the anticipation that no immunosuppression will be required, in cases of gene defects, their derivatives could be used to treat diseases in nonhistocompatible recipients.
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200
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Bock AM, Knorr D, Kaufman DS. Development, expansion, and in vivo monitoring of human NK cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). J Vis Exp 2013:e50337. [PMID: 23644738 DOI: 10.3791/50337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for deriving natural killer (NK) cells from undifferentiated hESCs and iPSCs using a feeder-free approach. This method gives rise to high levels of NK cells after 4 weeks culture and can undergo further 2-log expansion with artificial antigen presenting cells. hESC- and iPSC-derived NK cells developed in this system have a mature phenotype and function. The production of large numbers of genetically modifiable NK cells is applicable for both basic mechanistic as well as anti-tumor studies. Expression of firefly luciferase in hESC-derived NK cells allows a non-invasive approach to follow NK cell engraftment, distribution, and function. We also describe a dual-imaging scheme that allows separate monitoring of two different cell populations to more distinctly characterize their interactions in vivo. This method of derivation, expansion, and dual in vivo imaging provides a reliable approach for producing NK cells and their evaluation which is necessary to improve current NK cell adoptive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Bock
- Department of Medicine Hematology, Oncology, and Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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