151
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Current Awareness in Hematological Oncology. Hematol Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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152
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Bogni A, Cheng C, Liu W, Yang W, Pfeffer J, Mukatira S, French D, Downing JR, Pui CH, Relling MV. Genome-wide approach to identify risk factors for therapy-related myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2005; 20:239-46. [PMID: 16341039 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Using a target gene approach, only a few host genetic risk factors for treatment-related myeloid leukemia (t-ML) have been defined. Gene expression microarrays allow for a more genome-wide approach to assess possible genetic risk factors for t-ML. We assessed gene expression profiles (n=12 625 probe sets) in diagnostic acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells from 228 children treated on protocols that included leukemogenic agents such as etoposide, 13 of whom developed t-ML. Expression of 68 probes, corresponding to 63 genes, was significantly related to risk of t-ML. Hierarchical clustering of these probe sets clustered patients into three groups with 94, 122 and 12 patients, respectively; 12 of the 13 patients who went on to develop t-ML were overrepresented in the latter group (P<0.0001). A permutation test indicated a low likelihood that these probe sets and clusters were obtained by chance (P<0.001). Distinguishing genes included transcription-related oncogenes (v-Myb, Pax-5), cyclins (CCNG1, CCNG2 and CCND1) and histone HIST1H4C. Common transcription factor recognition elements among similarly up- or downregulated genes included several involved in hematopoietic differentiation or leukemogenesis (Maz, PU.1, ARNT). This approach has identified several genes whose expression distinguishes patients at risk of t-ML, and suggests targets for assessing germline predisposition to leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bogni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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153
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Oakley AJ. Glutathione transferases: new functions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2005; 15:716-23. [PMID: 16263269 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 10/15/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Well known as detoxification enzymes, the glutathione transferases also function in prostaglandin and steroid hormone synthesis. New uses for the canonical glutathione transferase fold are becoming apparent; the bacterial stringent starvation protein SspA and the yeast prion protein Ure2p (both transcription factors) were found to adopt this fold, but their roles remain unclear. The intracellular chloride ion channel CLIC1 adopts the canonical glutathione transferase fold in its soluble form and appears to undergo radical structural modification as part of its membrane insertion process. The structures of rat and human mitochondrial glutathione transferases have been solved: they adopt a topology similar to that of bacterial disulfide bond isomerases, leading to the suggestion that they have evolved independently of the canonical enzymes. Recent structural studies of integral membrane glutathione S-transferases from microsomes have revealed common patterns of tertiary and quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Oakley
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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154
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C G Stevens
- Academic Unit of Paediatric Oncology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
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155
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Raetz EA, Bhojwani D, Min DJ, Carroll WL. Individualized therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Per Med 2005; 2:349-361. [PMID: 29788576 DOI: 10.2217/17410541.2.4.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the field of oncology, a growing emphasis is now being placed on individualizing treatment in a way that maximizes chance for cure while minimizing unwanted side effects. In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), several well-established clinical and biologic prognostic variables have traditionally been used to risk stratify therapy for individual patients. While this approach has been very successful, many relapses still occur unpredictably in patients characterized as having favorable features of their disease at diagnosis. Furthermore, it is likely that other children are overtreated. Therefore, current initiatives in childhood leukemia have focused on identifying new prognostic markers to refine treatment decision-making. Recent advances, which include the sequencing of the human genome, and technical developments in high-throughput genomics and proteomics, have facilitated these efforts. This review will chart the evolution of individualized therapy for ALL, the most common malignancy of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Raetz
- New York University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology, The Stephen D Hassenfeld Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, 317 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- New York University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology, The Stephen D Hassenfeld Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, 317 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dong-Joon Min
- New York University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology, The Stephen D Hassenfeld Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, 317 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William L Carroll
- New York University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology, The Stephen D Hassenfeld Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, 317 East 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. .,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, New York, NY 10029, USA
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156
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Pharmakogenetik. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-005-1199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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