151
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Somatic STAT5b gain-of-function mutations in early onset nonclonal eosinophilia, urticaria, dermatitis, and diarrhea. Blood 2016; 129:650-653. [PMID: 27956386 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-737817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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152
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Fahrenkamp D, Li J, Ernst S, Schmitz-Van de Leur H, Chatain N, Küster A, Koschmieder S, Lüscher B, Rossetti G, Müller-Newen G. Intramolecular hydrophobic interactions are critical mediators of STAT5 dimerization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35454. [PMID: 27752093 PMCID: PMC5067585 DOI: 10.1038/srep35454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 is an essential transcription factor in hematopoiesis, which is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. Constitutive activation of STAT5 is a hallmark of myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia. Using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, a model of the STAT5 phosphotyrosine-SH2 domain interface was generated providing first structural information on the activated STAT5 dimer including a sequence, for which no structural information is available for any of the STAT proteins. We identified a novel intramolecular interaction mediated through F706, adjacent to the phosphotyrosine motif, and a unique hydrophobic interface on the surface of the SH2 domain. Analysis of corresponding STAT5 mutants revealed that this interaction is dispensable for Epo receptor-mediated phosphorylation of STAT5 but essential for dimer formation and subsequent nuclear accumulation. Moreover, the herein presented model clarifies molecular mechanisms of recently discovered leukemic STAT5 mutants and will help to guide future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Fahrenkamp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jinyu Li
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.,Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Küster
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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153
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Bárcena P, Jara-Acevedo M, Tabernero MD, López A, Sánchez ML, García-Montero AC, Muñoz-García N, Vidriales MB, Paiva A, Lecrevisse Q, Lima M, Langerak AW, Böttcher S, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A, Almeida J. Phenotypic profile of expanded NK cells in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: a surrogate marker for NK-cell clonality. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42938-51. [PMID: 26556869 PMCID: PMC4767482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the lack of a universal and specific marker of clonality hampers the diagnosis and classification of chronic expansions of natural killer (NK) cells. Here we investigated the utility of flow cytometric detection of aberrant/altered NK-cell phenotypes as a surrogate marker for clonality, in the diagnostic work-up of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells (CLPD-NK). For this purpose, a large panel of markers was evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry on peripheral blood (PB) CD56low NK cells from 60 patients, including 23 subjects with predefined clonal (n = 9) and polyclonal (n = 14) CD56low NK-cell expansions, and 37 with CLPD-NK of undetermined clonality; also, PB samples from 10 healthy adults were included. Clonality was established using the human androgen receptor (HUMARA) assay. Clonal NK cells were found to show decreased expression of CD7, CD11b and CD38, and higher CD2, CD94 and HLADR levels vs. normal NK cells, together with a restricted repertoire of expression of the CD158a, CD158b and CD161 killer-associated receptors. In turn, NK cells from both clonal and polyclonal CLPD-NK showed similar/overlapping phenotypic profiles, except for high and more homogeneous expression of CD94 and HLADR, which was restricted to clonal CLPD-NK. We conclude that the CD94hi/HLADR+ phenotypic profile proved to be a useful surrogate marker for NK-cell clonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Bárcena
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Jara-Acevedo
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Antonio López
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Luz Sánchez
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrés C García-Montero
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Noemí Muñoz-García
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Belén Vidriales
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Artur Paiva
- Unidade de Gestão Operacional em Citometria, Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Análises Clínicas e Saúde Pública, Coimbra,Portugal
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Margarida Lima
- Department of Hematology, Laboratory of Cytometry, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Porto, Portugal
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Böttcher
- Medical Clinic II, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julia Almeida
- Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, CSIC-USAL), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), (NUCLEUS) and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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154
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High incidence of activating STAT5B mutations in CD4-positive T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:2465-2468. [PMID: 27697773 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-724856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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155
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Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) has lagged behind that of B cell lymphomas due to disease rarity. However, novel approaches are gradually clarifying these mechanisms, and gene profiling has identified specific signaling pathways governing PTCL cell survival and growth. For example, genetic alterations have been discovered, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5b mutations in several PTCLs, disease-specific ras homolog family member A (RHOA) mutations in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), and recurrent translocations at the dual specificity phosphatase 22 (DUSP22) locus in anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs). Intriguingly, some PTCL-relevant mutations are seen in apparently normal blood cells as well as tumor cells, while others are confined to tumor cells. These data have dramatically changed our understanding of PTCL origins: once considered to originate from mature T lymphocytes, some PTCLs are now believed to emerge from immature hematopoietic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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156
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Ho C, Kluk MJ. Molecular Pathology: Predictive, Prognostic, and Diagnostic Markers in Lymphoid Neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 9:489-521. [PMID: 27523974 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoid neoplasms show great diversity in morphology, immunophenotypic profile, and postulated cells of origin, which also reflects the variety of genetic alterations within this group of tumors. This review discusses many of the currently known genetic alterations in selected mature B-cell and T-cell lymphoid neoplasms, and their significance as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers. Given the rapidly increasing number of genetic alterations that have been described in this group of tumors, and that the clinical significance of many is still being studied, this is not an entirely exhaustive review of all of the genetic alterations that have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Ho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael J Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th Street, Mailbox #79, F-540, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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157
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Identification of Gene Mutations and Fusion Genes in Patients with Sézary Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1490-1499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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158
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Pencik J, Pham HTT, Schmoellerl J, Javaheri T, Schlederer M, Culig Z, Merkel O, Moriggl R, Grebien F, Kenner L. JAK-STAT signaling in cancer: From cytokines to non-coding genome. Cytokine 2016; 87:26-36. [PMID: 27349799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, studies of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) signaling have uncovered highly conserved programs linking cytokine signaling to the regulation of essential cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, invasion, survival, inflammation and immunity. Inhibitors of the JAK/STAT pathway are used for treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. Aberrant JAK/STAT signaling has been identified to contribute to cancer progression and metastatic development. Targeting of JAK/STAT pathway is currently one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer (PCa), hematopoietic malignancies and sarcomas. Notably, newly identified regulators of JAK/STAT signaling, the non-coding RNAs transcripts and their role as important targets and potential clinical biomarkers are highlighted in this review. In addition to the established role of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in traditional cytokine signaling the non-coding RNAs add yet another layer of hidden regulation and function. Understanding the crosstalk of non-coding RNA with JAK/STAT signaling in cancer is of critical importance and may result in better patient stratification not only in terms of prognosis but also in the context of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pencik
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ha Thi Thanh Pham
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Schmoellerl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Javaheri
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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159
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Candidate driver genes involved in genome maintenance and DNA repair in Sézary syndrome. Blood 2016; 127:3387-97. [PMID: 27121473 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-699843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and represents an ideal model for study of T-cell transformation. We describe whole-exome and single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based copy number analyses of CD4(+) tumor cells from untreated patients at diagnosis and targeted resequencing of 101 SS cases. A total of 824 somatic nonsynonymous gene variants were identified including indels, stop-gain/loss, splice variants, and recurrent gene variants indicative of considerable molecular heterogeneity. Driver genes identified using MutSigCV include POT1, which has not been previously reported in CTCL; and TP53 and DNMT3A, which were also identified consistent with previous reports. Mutations in PLCG1 were detected in 11% of tumors including novel variants not previously described in SS. This study is also the first to show BRCA2 defects in a significant proportion (14%) of SS tumors. Aberrations in PRKCQ were found to occur in 20% of tumors highlighting selection for activation of T-cell receptor/NF-κB signaling. A complex but consistent pattern of copy number variants (CNVs) was detected and many CNVs involved genes identified as putative drivers. Frequent defects involving the POT1 and ATM genes responsible for telomere maintenance were detected and may contribute to genomic instability in SS. Genomic aberrations identified were enriched for genes implicated in cell survival and fate, specifically PDGFR, ERK, JAK STAT, MAPK, and TCR/NF-κB signaling; epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A, ASLX3, TET1-3); and homologous recombination (RAD51C, BRCA2, POLD1). This study now provides the basis for a detailed functional analysis of malignant transformation of mature T cells and improved patient stratification and treatment.
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160
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Cell size variations of large granular lymphocyte leukemia: Implication of a small cell subtype of granular lymphocyte leukemia with STAT3 mutations. Leuk Res 2016; 45:8-13. [PMID: 27064362 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGL-L) has been morphologically defined as a group of lymphoproliferative disorders, including T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL-L), chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of NK cells (CLPD-NK) and aggressive NK cell leukemia. We investigated the morphological features of LGL leukemic cells in 26 LGL-L patients in order to elucidate relationships with current classifications and molecular backgrounds. LGL-L cells were mostly indistinguishable from normal LGL. Patients with STAT3 SH2 domain mutations showed significantly smaller cells compared with patients without STAT3 mutations. Four patients with T-LGL-L showed smaller granular lymphocytes with a median diameter of less than 13μm, which were rarely seen in normal subjects. This small subtype of T-LGL-L was recognized among rather young patients and was associated with D661Y mutations in the STAT3 gene SH2 domain. In addition, all of them showed anemia including two cases with pure red cell aplasia. These results suggest the heterogeneity of T-LGL-L and a specific subtype with small variants of T-LGL-L.
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161
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Chemo-genomic interrogation of CEBPA mutated AML reveals recurrent CSF3R mutations and subgroup sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Blood 2016; 127:3054-61. [PMID: 27034432 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data of 14 samples characterized by biallelic CEBPA (CEBPA(bi)) mutations included in the Leucegene collection of 415 primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specimens, and describe for the first time high frequency recurrent mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor gene CSF3R, which signals through JAK-STAT proteins. Chemical interrogation of these primary human specimens revealed a uniform and specific sensitivity to all JAK inhibitors tested irrespective of their CSF3R mutation status, indicating a general sensitization of JAK-STAT signaling in this leukemia subset. Altogether, these results identified the co-occurrence of mutations in CSF3R and CEBPA in a well-defined AML subset, which uniformly responds to JAK inhibitors and paves the way to personalized clinical trials for this disease.
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162
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Hasanali ZS, Saroya BS, Stuart A, Shimko S, Evans J, Vinod Shah M, Sharma K, Leshchenko VV, Parekh S, Loughran TP, Epner EM. Epigenetic therapy overcomes treatment resistance in T cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:293ra102. [PMID: 26109102 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, mature T cell neoplasm with distinct features and an aggressive clinical course. Early relapse and short overall survival are commonplace. Use of the monoclonal anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab has improved the rate of complete remission and duration of response to more than 50% and between 6 and 12 months, respectively. Despite this advance, without an allogeneic transplant, resistant relapse is inevitable. We report seven complete and one partial remission in eight patients receiving alemtuzumab and cladribine with or without a histone deacetylase inhibitor. These data show that administration of epigenetic agents can overcome alemtuzumab resistance. We also report epigenetically induced expression of the surface receptor protein CD30 in T-PLL. Subsequent treatment with the anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin overcame organ-specific (skin) resistance to alemtuzumab. Our findings demonstrate activity of combination epigenetic and immunotherapy in the incurable illness T-PLL, particularly in the setting of previous alemtuzumab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul S Hasanali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | - August Stuart
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sara Shimko
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Juanita Evans
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mithun Vinod Shah
- Division of Hematology and Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Shaner Cancer Center Mount Nittany Medical Center/Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 6803, USA
| | - Violetta V Leshchenko
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, UVA Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Elliot M Epner
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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163
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Schiffer CA, Cortes JE, Hochhaus A, Saglio G, le Coutre P, Porkka K, Mustjoki S, Mohamed H, Shah NP. Lymphocytosis after treatment with dasatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: Effects on response and toxicity. Cancer 2016; 122:1398-407. [PMID: 26998677 PMCID: PMC5071708 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of clonal cytotoxic T‐cells or natural killer cells has been observed after dasatinib treatment in small studies of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). METHODS The incidence of lymphocytosis and its association with response, survival, and side effects were assessed in patients from 3 large clinical trials. Overall, 1402 dasatinib‐treated patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML‐CP), CML‐CP refractory/intolerant to imatinib, or with CML in accelerated or myeloid‐blast phase were analyzed. RESULTS Lymphocytosis developed in 32% to 35% of patients and persisted for >12 months. This was not observed in the patients who received treatment with imatinib. Dasatinib‐treated patients in all stages of CML who developed lymphocytosis were more likely to achieve a complete cytogenetic response, and patients who had CML‐CP with lymphocytosis were more likely to achieve major and deep molecular responses. Progression‐free and overall survival rates were significantly longer in patients with CML‐CP who were refractory to or intolerant of imatinib and had lymphocytosis. Pleural effusions developed more commonly in patients with lymphocytosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lymphocytosis occurred and persisted in many dasatinib‐treated patients in all phases of CML. Its presence was associated with higher response rates, significantly longer response durations, and increased overall survival, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect. Prospective studies are warranted to characterize the functional activity of these cells and to assess whether an immunologic effect against CML is detectable. Cancer 2016;122:1398–1407. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. Lymphocytosis develops frequently after treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with dasatinib and is associated with higher response rates, significantly longer response durations, and increased overall survival. Prospective studies are warranted to assess whether dasatinib produces an immunomodulatory effect against chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Schiffer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Giuseppe Saglio
- San Luigi Gonaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano-Turin, Italy
| | - Philipp le Coutre
- Charite-Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Department of Hematology and Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Neil P Shah
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
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164
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The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016; 127:2375-90. [PMID: 26980727 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-643569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4956] [Impact Index Per Article: 619.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A revision of the nearly 8-year-old World Health Organization classification of the lymphoid neoplasms and the accompanying monograph is being published. It reflects a consensus among hematopathologists, geneticists, and clinicians regarding both updates to current entities as well as the addition of a limited number of new provisional entities. The revision clarifies the diagnosis and management of lesions at the very early stages of lymphomagenesis, refines the diagnostic criteria for some entities, details the expanding genetic/molecular landscape of numerous lymphoid neoplasms and their clinical correlates, and refers to investigations leading to more targeted therapeutic strategies. The major changes are reviewed with an emphasis on the most important advances in our understanding that impact our diagnostic approach, clinical expectations, and therapeutic strategies for the lymphoid neoplasms.
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165
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López C, Bergmann AK, Paul U, Murga Penas EM, Nagel I, Betts MJ, Johansson P, Ritgen M, Baumann T, Aymerich M, Jayne S, Russell RB, Campo E, Dyer MJS, Dürig J, Siebert R. Genes encoding members of the JAK-STAT pathway or epigenetic regulators are recurrently mutated in T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:265-73. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Anke K. Bergmann
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
- Department of Paediatrics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Ulrike Paul
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Eva M. Murga Penas
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Inga Nagel
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Matthew J. Betts
- Cell Networks; Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patricia Johansson
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research); University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Ritgen
- Second Department of Medicine; University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Germany
| | - Tycho Baumann
- Department of Haematology; Hospital Clínic; Institut d′Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Haematopathology Unit; Hospital Clínic; Institut d′Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Sandrine Jayne
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Robert B. Russell
- Cell Networks; Bioquant; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elias Campo
- Haematopathology Unit; Hospital Clínic; Institut d′Investigaciones Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Martin JS Dyer
- Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - Jan Dürig
- Department of Haematology; University Hospital Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute for Human Genetics; Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel & University Hospital Schleswig Holstein; Kiel Germany
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166
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TC-PTP and PTP1B: Regulating JAK-STAT signaling, controlling lymphoid malignancies. Cytokine 2016; 82:52-7. [PMID: 26817397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies are characterized by an accumulation of genetic lesions that act co-operatively to perturb signaling pathways and alter gene expression programs. The Janus kinases (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) pathway is one such pathway that is frequently mutated in leukemia and lymphoma. In response to cytokines and growth factors, a cascade of reversible tyrosine phosphorylation events propagates the JAK-STAT pathway from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activated STAT family members then play a fundamental role in establishing the transcriptional landscape of the cell. In leukemia and lymphoma, somatic mutations have been identified in JAK and STAT family members, as well as, negative regulators of the pathway. Most recently, inactivating mutations in the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes PTPN1 (PTP1B) and PTPN2 (TC-PTP) were sequenced in B cell lymphoma and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) respectively. The loss of PTP1B and TC-PTP phosphatase activity is associated with an increase in cytokine sensitivity, elevated JAK-STAT signaling, and changes in gene expression. As inactivation mutations in PTPN1 and PTPN2 are restricted to distinct subsets of leukemia and lymphoma, a future challenge will be to identify in which cellular contexts do they contributing to the initiation or maintenance of leukemogenesis or lymphomagenesis. As well, the molecular mechanisms by which PTP1B and TC-PTP loss co-operates with other genetic aberrations will need to be elucidated to design more effective therapeutic strategies.
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167
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Alemtuzumab in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2016; 3:e4-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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168
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Langenfeld F, Guarracino Y, Arock M, Trouvé A, Tchertanov L. How Intrinsic Molecular Dynamics Control Intramolecular Communication in Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Factor STAT5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145142. [PMID: 26717567 PMCID: PMC4696835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription STAT5 is a key mediator of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. While STAT5 activity is tightly regulated in normal cells, its constitutive activation directly contributes to oncogenesis and is associated with a broad range of hematological and solid tumor cancers. Therefore the development of compounds able to modulate pathogenic activation of this protein is a very challenging endeavor. A crucial step of drug design is the understanding of the protein conformational features and the definition of putative binding site(s) for such modulators. Currently, there is no structural data available for human STAT5 and our study is the first footprint towards the description of structure and dynamics of this protein. We investigated structural and dynamical features of the two STAT5 isoforms, STAT5a and STAT5b, taken into account their phosphorylation status. The study was based on the exploration of molecular dynamics simulations by different analytical methods. Despite the overall folding similarity of STAT5 proteins, the MD conformations display specific structural and dynamical features for each protein, indicating first, sequence-encoded structural properties and second, phosphorylation-induced effects which contribute to local and long-distance structural rearrangements interpreted as allosteric event. Further examination of the dynamical coupling between distant sites provides evidence for alternative profiles of the communication pathways inside and between the STAT5 domains. These results add a new insight to the understanding of the crucial role of intrinsic molecular dynamics in mediating intramolecular signaling in STAT5. Two pockets, localized in close proximity to the phosphotyrosine-binding site and adjacent to the channel for communication pathways across STAT5, may constitute valid targets to develop inhibitors able to modulate the function-related communication properties of this signaling protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Langenfeld
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Yann Guarracino
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Alain Trouvé
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Luba Tchertanov
- Centre de Mathématiques et de Leurs applications, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
- * E-mail:
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169
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Dumitriu B, Ito S, Feng X, Stephens N, Yunce M, Kajigaya S, Melenhorst JJ, Rios O, Scheinberg P, Chinian F, Keyvanfar K, Battiwalla M, Wu CO, Maric I, Xi L, Raffeld M, Muranski P, Townsley DM, Young NS, Barrett AJ, Scheinberg P. Alemtuzumab in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia: interim results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2015; 3:e22-9. [PMID: 26765645 PMCID: PMC4721315 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL) is a lymphoproliferative disease presenting with immune-mediated cytopenias and characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. Methotrexate, cyclosporine, or cyclophosphamide improve cytopenias in 50% of patients as first therapy, but the activity of an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, alemtuzumab, is not defined in T-LGL. Methods Twenty-five consecutive subjects with T-LGL were enrolled from October 2006 to March 2015 at the National Institutes of Health (www.clinicaltrials.gov-NCT00345345). Alemtuzumab was administered at 10 mg/day intravenously for 10 days. The primary endpoint was haematologic response at 3 months. Analysis was intention to treat. Here we report the protocol specified interim benchmark of a phase II clinical trial using alemtuzumab in T-LGL. Findings In this heterogeneous, previously treated cohort, 14/25 (56%; 95% CI, 37–73%) subjects had a haematological response at 3 months. In T-LGL cases not associated with myelodysplasia or marrow transplantation, the response rate was 14/19 (74%; 95% CI, 51–86%). First dose infusion reactions were common which improved with symptomatic therapy. EBV and CMV reactivations were common and subclinical. In only 2 patients pre-emptive anti-CMV therapy was instituted. There were no cases of EBV or CMV disease. Alemtuzumab induced sustained reduction of absolute clonal population of T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, as identified by TCRBV-receptor phenotype, but the abnormal clone serendipitously persisted in responders. STAT3 mutations in the SH2 domain, identified in ten subjects, did not correlate with response. When compared with healthy volunteers, T-LGL subjects showed a distinct plasma cytokine and JAK-STAT signature prior to treatment, but neither correlated to response. Interpretation This is the largest and only prospective cohort of T-LGL subjects treated with alemtuzumab yet reported. The high activity with a single course of a lymphocytotoxic agent in a mainly relapsed and refractory suggests that haematologic response outcomes can be accomplished without the need for continued use of oral immunosuppression. Funding This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Stephens
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muharrem Yunce
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Rios
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priscila Scheinberg
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Chinian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Austin J Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phillip Scheinberg
- Clinical Hematology, Antônio Ermírio de Moraes Cancer Center, Hospital São José and Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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170
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Voss M, Bryceson YT. Natural killer cell biology illuminated by primary immunodeficiency syndromes in humans. Clin Immunol 2015; 177:29-42. [PMID: 26592356 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cytotoxic effector cells well known for their role in antiviral immunity and tumor immunosurveillance. In parts, this knowledge stems from rare inherited immunodeficiency disorders in humans that abrogate NK cell function leading to immune impairments, most notably associated with a high susceptibility to viral infections. Phenotypically, these disorders range from deficiencies selectively affecting NK cells to complex general immune defects that affect NK cells but also other immune cell subsets. Moreover, deficiencies may be associated with reduced NK cell numbers or rather impair specific NK cell effector functions. In recent years, genetic defects underlying the various NK cell deficiencies have been uncovered and have triggered investigative efforts to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders. Here we review the associations between inherited human diseases and NK cell development as well as function, with a particular focus on defects in NK cell exocytosis and cytotoxicity. Furthermore we outline how reports of diverse genetic defects have shaped our understanding of NK cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Voss
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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171
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Concurrent Mutations in ATM and Genes Associated with Common γ Chain Signaling in Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141906. [PMID: 26536348 PMCID: PMC4633051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous malignancy with poor response to current therapeutic strategies and incompletely characterized genetics. We conducted whole exome sequencing of matched PTCL and non-malignant samples from 12 patients, spanning 8 subtypes, to identify potential oncogenic mutations in PTCL. Analysis of the mutations identified using computational algorithms, CHASM, PolyPhen2, PROVEAN, and MutationAssessor to predict the impact of these mutations on protein function and PTCL tumorigenesis, revealed 104 somatic mutations that were selected as high impact by all four algorithms. Our analysis identified recurrent somatic missense or nonsense mutations in 70 genes, 9 of which contained mutations predicted significant by all 4 algorithms: ATM, RUNX1T1, WDR17, NTRK3, TP53, TRMT12, CACNA2D1, INTS8, and KCNH8. We observed somatic mutations in ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated) in 5 out of the 12 samples and mutations in the common gamma chain (γc) signaling pathway (JAK3, IL2RG, STAT5B) in 3 samples, all of which also harbored mutations in ATM. Our findings contribute insights into the genetics of PTCL and suggest a relationship between γc signaling and ATM in T cell malignancy.
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172
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Abstract
Recently, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients already responding to treatment showed improved molecular responses with pioglitazone, presumably through PPARγ activation and CML stem cell eradication. Given data demonstrating deepening responses and successful treatment discontinuation with current therapy, the necessity for new therapies targeting CML stem cells to achieve cure is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Apsel Winger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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173
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Abstract
Mature T-cell leukemias are a group of uncommon lymphoid neoplasms. These disorders have widely variable clinical features, ranging from indolent, slowly progressive processes to diseases with rapidly progressive courses, leading to death. Cytogenetic aberrations have long been identified in some of these diseases, and recent studies have found recurrent genetic mutations that contribute to their pathogenesis. Conventional multiagent chemotherapy lacks significant efficacy in this group of diseases and therapies vary from immunosuppression to treatment with monoclonal antibodies, antiviral agents, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The recent expansion of knowledge regarding the underlying genetic basis of these disorders raises hope that new, more targeted therapeutic approaches will be available to patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael G Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, M5242 Medical Science 1 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Kojo S J Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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174
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Springuel L, Renauld JC, Knoops L. JAK kinase targeting in hematologic malignancies: a sinuous pathway from identification of genetic alterations towards clinical indications. Haematologica 2015; 100:1240-53. [PMID: 26432382 PMCID: PMC4591756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation occurs in most myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as in a significant proportion of other hematologic malignancies, and is frequently a marker of poor prognosis. The underlying molecular alterations are heterogeneous as they include activating mutations in distinct components (cytokine receptor, JAK, STAT), overexpression (cytokine receptor, JAK) or rare JAK2 fusion proteins. In some cases, concomitant loss of negative regulators contributes to pathogenesis by further boosting the activation of the cascade. Exploiting the signaling bottleneck provided by the limited number of JAK kinases is an attractive therapeutic strategy for hematologic neoplasms driven by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. However, given the conserved nature of the kinase domain among family members and the interrelated roles of JAK kinases in many physiological processes, including hematopoiesis and immunity, broad usage of JAK inhibitors in hematology is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. Novel therapies are, therefore, needed. The development of more selective inhibitors is a questionable strategy as such inhibitors might abrogate the beneficial contribution of alleviating the cancer-related pro-inflammatory microenvironment and raise selective pressure to a threshold that allows the emergence of malignant subclones harboring drug-resistant mutations. In contrast, synergistic combinations of JAK inhibitors with drugs targeting cascades that work in concert with JAK-STAT pathway appear to be promising therapeutic alternatives to JAK inhibitors as monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Springuel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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175
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Pilati C, Zucman-Rossi J. Mutations leading to constitutive active gp130/JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:499-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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176
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Andersson E, Kuusanmäki H, Bortoluzzi S, Lagström S, Parsons A, Rajala H, van Adrichem A, Eldfors S, Olson T, Clemente MJ, Laasonen A, Ellonen P, Heckman C, Loughran TP, Maciejewski JP, Mustjoki S. Activating somatic mutations outside the SH2-domain of STAT3 in LGL leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 30:1204-8. [PMID: 26419508 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Andersson
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Kuusanmäki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Bortoluzzi
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Lagström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Parsons
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Rajala
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A van Adrichem
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M J Clemente
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Laasonen
- Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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177
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Abstract
Diagnosing a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can be challenging. Somatic mutations are common in MDS and might have diagnostic utility in patients with idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance (ICUS). However, using mutations to diagnose MDS is complicated by several issues: (1) no gene is mutated in most cases, (2) no mutated gene is highly specific for MDS, (3) clonal hematopoiesis is common in older individuals without disease, and (4) we lack outcome data for ICUS patients with clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance (CCUS). Despite these caveats, genetic sequencing can inform the diagnosis of MDS. CCUS patients more closely resemble patients with MDS than age matched controls with somatic mutations. Genetic testing can identify alternative diagnoses in cytopenic patients and help risk stratify those with proven MDS. While we cannot include somatic mutations in the diagnostic definition of MDS now, testing to recognize CCUS will help characterize outcomes in these diagnostically challenging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bejar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC 0820, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0820, USA,
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178
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Jayavelu AK, Müller JP, Bauer R, Böhmer SA, Lässig J, Cerny-Reiterer S, Sperr WR, Valent P, Maurer B, Moriggl R, Schröder K, Shah AM, Fischer M, Scholl S, Barth J, Oellerich T, Berg T, Serve H, Frey S, Fischer T, Heidel FH, Böhmer FD. NOX4-driven ROS formation mediates PTP inactivation and cell transformation in FLT3ITD-positive AML cells. Leukemia 2015; 30:473-83. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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179
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LeBlanc FR, Loughran TP. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia: clinical background, molecular pathogenesis and treatment. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1062362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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180
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Genomic landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1011-9. [PMID: 26192916 PMCID: PMC4552614 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma of skin-homing T lymphocytes. We performed exome and whole genome DNA sequence and RNA sequencing on purified CTCL and matched normal cells. The results implicate mutations in 17 genes in CTCL pathogenesis, including genes involved in T cell activation and apoptosis, NFκB signaling, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage response. CTCL is distinctive in that somatic copy number variants (SCNVs) comprise 92% of all driver mutations (mean of 11.8 pathogenic SCNVs vs. 1.0 somatic single nucleotide variants per CTCL). These findings have implications for novel therapeutics.
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181
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Mohamedali AM, Gäken J, Ahmed M, Malik F, Smith AE, Best S, Mian S, Gaymes T, Ireland R, Kulasekararaj AG, Mufti GJ. High concordance of genomic and cytogenetic aberrations between peripheral blood and bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Leukemia 2015; 29:1928-38. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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182
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Bibi S, Arslanhan MD, Langenfeld F, Jeanningros S, Cerny-Reiterer S, Hadzijusufovic E, Tchertanov L, Moriggl R, Valent P, Arock M. Co-operating STAT5 and AKT signaling pathways in chronic myeloid leukemia and mastocytosis: possible new targets of therapy. Haematologica 2015; 99:417-29. [PMID: 24598853 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.098442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis are myeloid neoplasms sharing a number of pathogenetic and clinical features. In both conditions, an aberrantly activated oncoprotein with tyrosine kinase activity, namely BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia, and mutant KIT, mostly KIT D816V, in systemic mastocytosis, is key to disease evolution. The appreciation of the role of such tyrosine kinases in these diseases has led to the development of improved therapies with tyrosine kinase-targeted inhibitors. However, most drugs, including new KIT D816V-blocking agents, have failed to achieve long-lasting remissions in advanced systemic mastocytosis, and there is a similar problem in chronic myeloid leukemia, where imatinib-resistant patients sometimes fail to achieve remission, even with second- or third-line BCR-ABL1 specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. During disease progression, additional signaling pathways become activated in neoplastic cells, but most converge into major downstream networks. Among these, the AKT and STAT5 pathways appear most critical and may result in drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis. Inhibition of phosphorylation of these targets has proven their crucial role in disease-evolution in both malignancies. Together, these observations suggest that STAT5 and AKT are key drivers of oncogenesis in drug-resistant forms of the diseases, and that targeting STAT5 and AKT might be an interesting approach in these malignancies. The present article provides an overview of our current knowledge about the critical role of AKT and STAT5 in the pathophysiology of chronic myeloid leukemia and systemic mastocytosis and on their potential value as therapeutic targets in these neoplasms.
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183
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Pinz S, Unser S, Buob D, Fischer P, Jobst B, Rascle A. Deacetylase inhibitors repress STAT5-mediated transcription by interfering with bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein function. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:3524-45. [PMID: 25769527 PMCID: PMC4402521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT5 is essential for the regulation of proliferation and survival genes. Its activity is tightly regulated through cytokine signaling and is often upregulated in cancer. We showed previously that the deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) inhibits STAT5-mediated transcription by preventing recruitment of the transcriptional machinery at a step following STAT5 binding to DNA. The mechanism and factors involved in this inhibition remain unknown. We now show that deacetylase inhibitors do not target STAT5 acetylation, as we initially hypothesized. Instead, they induce a rapid increase in global histone acetylation apparently resulting in the delocalization of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein Brd2 and of the Brd2-associated factor TBP to hyperacetylated chromatin. Treatment with the BET inhibitor (+)-JQ1 inhibited expression of STAT5 target genes, supporting a role of BET proteins in the regulation of STAT5 activity. Accordingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Brd2 is associated with the transcriptionally active STAT5 target gene Cis and is displaced upon TSA treatment. Our data therefore indicate that Brd2 is required for the proper recruitment of the transcriptional machinery at STAT5 target genes and that deacetylase inhibitors suppress STAT5-mediated transcription by interfering with Brd2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Pinz
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Samy Unser
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Buob
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Fischer
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Belinda Jobst
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rascle
- Stat5 Signaling Research Group, Institute of Immunology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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184
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Babushok DV, Perdigones N, Perin JC, Olson TS, Ye W, Roth JJ, Lind C, Cattier C, Li Y, Hartung H, Paessler ME, Frank DM, Xie HM, Cross S, Cockroft JD, Podsakoff GM, Monos D, Biegel JA, Mason PJ, Bessler M. Emergence of clonal hematopoiesis in the majority of patients with acquired aplastic anemia. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:115-28. [PMID: 25800665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia (aAA) is a nonmalignant disease caused by autoimmune destruction of early hematopoietic cells. Clonal hematopoiesis is a late complication, seen in 20-25% of older patients. We hypothesized that clonal hematopoiesis in aAA is a more general phenomenon, which can arise early in disease, even in younger patients. To evaluate clonal hematopoiesis in aAA, we used comparative whole exome sequencing of paired bone marrow and skin samples in 22 patients. We found somatic mutations in 16 patients (72.7%) with a median disease duration of 1 year; of these, 12 (66.7%) were patients with pediatric-onset aAA. Fifty-eight mutations in 51 unique genes were found primarily in pathways of immunity and transcriptional regulation. Most frequently mutated was PIGA, with seven mutations. Only two mutations were in genes recurrently mutated in myelodysplastic syndrome. Two patients had oligoclonal loss of the HLA alleles, linking immune escape to clone emergence. Two patients had activating mutations in key signaling pathways (STAT5B (p.N642H) and CAMK2G (p.T306M)). Our results suggest that clonal hematopoiesis in aAA is common, with two mechanisms emerging-immune escape and increased proliferation. Our findings expand conceptual understanding of this nonneoplastic blood disorder. Future prospective studies of clonal hematopoiesis in aAA will be critical for understanding outcomes and for designing personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Babushok
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Nieves Perdigones
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C Perin
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy S Olson
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenda Ye
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacquelyn J Roth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Curt Lind
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carine Cattier
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helge Hartung
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele E Paessler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dale M Frank
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hongbo M Xie
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shanna Cross
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua D Cockroft
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory M Podsakoff
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimitrios Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip J Mason
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Monica Bessler
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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185
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Küçük C, Jiang B, Hu X, Zhang W, Chan JKC, Xiao W, Lack N, Alkan C, Williams JC, Avery KN, Kavak P, Scuto A, Sen E, Gaulard P, Staudt L, Iqbal J, Zhang W, Cornish A, Gong Q, Yang Q, Sun H, d'Amore F, Leppä S, Liu W, Fu K, de Leval L, McKeithan T, Chan WC. Activating mutations of STAT5B and STAT3 in lymphomas derived from γδ-T or NK cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6025. [PMID: 25586472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas arising from NK or γδ-T cells are very aggressive diseases and little is known regarding their pathogenesis. Here we report frequent activating mutations of STAT3 and STAT5B in NK/T-cell lymphomas (n=51), γδ-T-cell lymphomas (n=43) and their cell lines (n=9) through next generation and/or Sanger sequencing. STAT5B N642H is particularly frequent in all forms of γδ-T-cell lymphomas. STAT3 and STAT5B mutations are associated with increased phosphorylated protein and a growth advantage to transduced cell lines or normal NK cells. Growth-promoting activity of the mutants can be partially inhibited by a JAK1/2 inhibitor. Molecular modelling and surface plasmon resonance measurements of the N642H mutant indicate a marked increase in binding affinity of the phosphotyrosine-Y699 with the mutant histidine. This is associated with the prolonged persistence of the mutant phosphoSTAT5B and marked increase of binding to target sites. Our findings suggest that JAK-STAT pathway inhibition may represent a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Küçük
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Hu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - John K C Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenming Xiao
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Nathan Lack
- Department of Pharmacology, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Can Alkan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Kendra N Avery
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Pınar Kavak
- Department of Computer Engineering, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Anna Scuto
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Emel Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, Koc University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Philippe Gaulard
- Département de Pathologie, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Inserm U955, Université Paris Est, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Lou Staudt
- Molecular Biology of Lymphoid Malignancies Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA
| | - Adam Cornish
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5805, USA
| | - Qiang Gong
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qunpei Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Francesco d'Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 180, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Pathologie Clinique Institut, Universitaire de Pathologie rue du Bugnon 25, CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Timothy McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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186
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O'Shea JJ, Schwartz DM, Villarino AV, Gadina M, McInnes IB, Laurence A. The JAK-STAT pathway: impact on human disease and therapeutic intervention. Annu Rev Med 2015; 66:311-28. [PMID: 25587654 PMCID: PMC5634336 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051113-024537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 966] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT) pathway is now recognized as an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway employed by diverse cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and related molecules. This pathway provides an elegant and remarkably straightforward mechanism whereby extracellular factors control gene expression. It thus serves as a fundamental paradigm for how cells sense environmental cues and interpret these signals to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms are functionally relevant to a variety of human diseases, especially cancer and immune-related conditions. The clinical relevance of the pathway has been confirmed by the emergence of a new class of therapeutics that targets JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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187
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Ma X, Wen L, Wu L, Wang Q, Yao H, Wang Q, Ma L, Chen S. Rare occurrence of a STAT5B N642H mutation in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Genet 2014; 208:52-3. [PMID: 25749351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingrong Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Suning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.
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188
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Mishra A, Sullivan L, Caligiuri MA. Molecular pathways: interleukin-15 signaling in health and in cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2044-50. [PMID: 24737791 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development, survival, proliferation, and activation of multiple lymphocyte lineages utilizing a variety of signaling pathways. IL-15 utilizes three distinct receptor chains in at least two different combinations to signal and exert its effects on the immune system. The binding of IL-15 to its receptor complex activates an "immune-enhancing" signaling cascade in natural killer cells and subsets of T cells, as well as the induction of a number of proto-oncogenes. Additional studies have explored the role of IL-15 in the development and progression of cancer, notably leukemia of large granular lymphocytes, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. This review provides an overview of the molecular events in the IL-15 signaling pathway and the aberrancies in its regulation that are associated with chronic inflammation and cancer. We briefly explore the potential therapeutic opportunities that have arisen as a result of these studies to further the treatment of cancer. These involve both targeting the disruption of IL-15 signaling as well as IL-15-mediated enhancement of innate and antigen-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mishra
- Authors' Affiliation: The Divisions of Dermatology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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189
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Tees MT, Whitehurst MT, Sokol L. Treating rare lymphoproliferative malignancies: a focus on indolent large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.14.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Large granular lymphocyte leukemia is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders that arises from mature T cells or NK cells. These disorders are relatively uncommon and usually present with cytopenias and/or autoimmune disorders. As patients often do not have symptoms warranting therapy upfront, surveillance is often employed. Common frontline therapies include cyclosphosphamide, methotrexate or cyclosporine A, however, no controlled trials or retrospective analyses have demonstrated one superior therapeutic strategy. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and survival have been identified that include abnormalities in the cell surface receptors halting apoptotic signals, dysregulation of prosurvival and apoptotic signaling pathways, and somatic mutations of the STAT3 and STAT5b genes, among others. Investigating novel therapies that target pathways shared by other neoplastic processes, as well as the identification of new agents directed toward the aberrant cellular mechanisms of large granular lymphocyte leukemia, are fundamental to moving from empiric chemotherapy to targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Tees
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matthew T Whitehurst
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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190
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Berger A, Sexl V, Valent P, Moriggl R. Inhibition of STAT5: a therapeutic option in BCR-ABL1-driven leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9564-76. [PMID: 25333255 PMCID: PMC4259420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The two transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B are central signaling molecules in leukemias driven by Abelson fusion tyrosine kinases and they fulfill all criteria of drug targets. STAT5A and STAT5B display unique nuclear shuttling mechanisms and they have a key role in resistance of leukemic cells against treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Moreover, STAT5A and STAT5B promote survival of leukemic stem cells. We here discuss the possibility of targeting up-stream kinases with TKI, direct STAT5 inhibition via SH2 domain obstruction and blocking nuclear translocation of STAT5. All discussed options will result in a stop of STAT5 transport to the nucleus to block STAT5-mediated transcriptional activity. In summary, recently described shuttling functions of STAT5 are discussed as potentially druggable pathways in leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Berger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Ludwig-Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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191
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Rajala HLM, Olson T, Clemente MJ, Lagström S, Ellonen P, Lundan T, Hamm DE, Zaman SAU, Lopez Marti JM, Andersson EI, Jerez A, Porkka K, Maciejewski JP, Loughran TP, Mustjoki S. The analysis of clonal diversity and therapy responses using STAT3 mutations as a molecular marker in large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 100:91-9. [PMID: 25281507 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells are intriguing entities between benign and malignant lymphoproliferation. The molecular pathogenesis has partly been uncovered by the recent discovery of somatic activating STAT3 and STAT5b mutations. Here we show that 43% (75/174) of patients with T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia and 18% (7/39) with chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells harbor STAT3 mutations when analyzed by quantitative deep amplicon sequencing. Surprisingly, 17% of the STAT3-mutated patients carried multiple STAT3 mutations, which were located in different lymphocyte clones. The size of the mutated clone correlated well with the degree of clonal expansion of the T-cell repertoire analyzed by T-cell receptor beta chain deep sequencing. The analysis of sequential samples suggested that current immunosuppressive therapy is not able to reduce the level of the mutated clone in most cases, thus warranting the search for novel targeted therapies. Our findings imply that the clonal landscape of large granular lymphocytic leukemia is more complex than considered before, and a substantial number of patients have multiple lymphocyte subclones harboring different STAT3 mutations, thus mimicking the situation in acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L M Rajala
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Clemente
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sonja Lagström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Ellonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Lundan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and TYKSLAB, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Emma I Andersson
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Jerez
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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192
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Gattazzo C, Teramo A, Passeri F, De March E, Carraro S, Trimarco V, Frezzato F, Berno T, Barilà G, Martini V, Piazza F, Trentin L, Facco M, Semenzato G, Zambello R. Detection of monoclonal T populations in patients with KIR-restricted chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells. Haematologica 2014; 99:1826-33. [PMID: 25193965 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of chronic large granular lymphocyte proliferations is largely unknown. Although these disorders are characterized by the expansion of different cell types (T and natural killer) with specific genetic features and abnormalities, several lines of evidence suggest a common pathogenetic mechanism. According to this interpretation, we speculated that in patients with natural killer-type chronic lymphoproliferative disorder, together with natural killer cells, also T lymphocytes undergo a persistent antigenic pressure, possibly resulting in an ultimate clonal T-cell selection. To strengthen this hypothesis, we evaluated whether clonal T-cell populations were detectable in 48 patients with killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-restricted natural killer-type chronic lymphoproliferative disorder. At diagnosis, in half of the patients studied, we found a clearly defined clonal T-cell population, despite the fact that all cases presented with a well-characterized natural killer disorder. Follow-up analysis confirmed that the TCR gamma rearrangements were stable over the time period evaluated; furthermore, in 7 patients we demonstrated the appearance of a clonal T subset that progressively matures, leading to a switch between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-restricted natural killer-type disorder to a monoclonal T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Our results support the hypothesis that a common mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gattazzo
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Passeri
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Elena De March
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine
| | - Samuela Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Tamara Berno
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
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193
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Bandapalli OR, Schuessele S, Kunz JB, Rausch T, Stütz AM, Tal N, Geron I, Gershman N, Izraeli S, Eilers J, Vaezipour N, Kirschner-Schwabe R, Hof J, von Stackelberg A, Schrappe M, Stanulla M, Zimmermann M, Koehler R, Avigad S, Handgretinger R, Frismantas V, Bourquin JP, Bornhauser B, Korbel JO, Muckenthaler MU, Kulozik AE. The activating STAT5B N642H mutation is a common abnormality in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and confers a higher risk of relapse. Haematologica 2014; 99:e188-92. [PMID: 24972766 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Obul R Bandapalli
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schuessele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim B Kunz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rausch
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian M Stütz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noa Tal
- Childhood Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ifat Geron
- Childhood Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Tel Aviv University, Israel Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Medicine Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nava Gershman
- Childhood Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shai Izraeli
- Childhood Leukemia Research Institute and Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, and Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Juliane Eilers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Vaezipour
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jana Hof
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arend von Stackelberg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Schrappe
- Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Koehler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Smadar Avigad
- Molecular Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center and Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Beat Bornhauser
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan O Korbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Children's Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Germany Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL-University of Heidelberg, Germany
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194
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Nicolae A, Xi L, Pittaluga S, Abdullaev Z, Pack SD, Chen J, Waldmann TA, Jaffe ES, Raffeld M. Frequent STAT5B mutations in γδ hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2014; 28:2244-8. [PMID: 24947020 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Nicolae
- Hematopathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Xi
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Pittaluga
- Hematopathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Z Abdullaev
- Chromosome Biology Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S D Pack
- Chromosome Biology Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Chen
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E S Jaffe
- Hematopathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Raffeld
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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195
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Integrated genomic sequencing reveals mutational landscape of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2014; 124:1460-72. [PMID: 24825865 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-03-559542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive genetic alterations underlying the pathogenesis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) are unknown. To address this, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS), whole-exome sequencing (WES), high-resolution copy-number analysis, and Sanger resequencing of a large cohort of T-PLL. WGS and WES identified novel mutations in recurrently altered genes not previously implicated in T-PLL including EZH2, FBXW10, and CHEK2. Strikingly, WGS and/or WES showed largely mutually exclusive mutations affecting IL2RG, JAK1, JAK3, or STAT5B in 38 of 50 T-PLL genomes (76.0%). Notably, gain-of-function IL2RG mutations are novel and have not been reported in any form of cancer. Further, high-frequency mutations in STAT5B have not been previously reported in T-PLL. Functionally, IL2RG-JAK1-JAK3-STAT5B mutations led to signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) hyperactivation, transformed Ba/F3 cells resulting in cytokine-independent growth, and/or enhanced colony formation in Jurkat T cells. Importantly, primary T-PLL cells exhibited constitutive activation of STAT5, and targeted pharmacologic inhibition of STAT5 with pimozide induced apoptosis in primary T-PLL cells. These results for the first time provide a portrait of the mutational landscape of T-PLL and implicate deregulation of DNA repair and epigenetic modulators as well as high-frequency mutational activation of the IL2RG-JAK1-JAK3-STAT5B axis in the pathogenesis of T-PLL. These findings offer opportunities for novel targeted therapies in this aggressive leukemia.
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196
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Sakata-Yanagimoto M, Enami T, Yokoyama Y, Chiba S. Disease-specific mutations in mature lymphoid neoplasms: recent advances. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:623-9. [PMID: 24689848 PMCID: PMC4317900 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature lymphoid neoplasms (MLN) are clinically and pathologically more complex than precursor lymphoid neoplasms. Until recently, molecular characterization of MLN was mainly based on cytogenetics/fluorescence in situ hybridization, allele copy number, and mRNA expression, approaches that yielded scanty gene mutation information. Use of massive parallel sequencing technologies has changed this outcome, and now many gene mutations have been discovered. Some of these are considerably frequent in, and substantially specific to, distinct MLN subtypes, and occur at single or several hotspots. They include the V600E BRAF mutation in hairy cell leukemia, the L265P MYD88 mutation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, the G17V RHOA mutation in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and the Y640F//D661Y/V/H/I//N647I STAT3 mutations in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Detecting these mutations is highly valuable in diagnosing MLN subtypes. Defining these mutations also sheds light on the molecular pathogenesis of MLN, furthering development of molecular targeting therapies. In this review, we focus on the disease-specific gene mutations in MLN discovered by recent massive sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
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197
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Rajala HLM, Porkka K, Maciejewski JP, Loughran TP, Mustjoki S. Uncovering the pathogenesis of large granular lymphocytic leukemia-novel STAT3 and STAT5b mutations. Ann Med 2014; 46:114-22. [PMID: 24512550 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2014.882105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is an incurable chronic disease, characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic T- or NK-cells in blood and bone marrow. Cytopenias (anemia, neutropenia) and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis are the most common clinical manifestations of LGL leukemia. Recently, somatic activating STAT3 gene mutations were shown to be specific for LGL leukemia with a prevalence of up to 70%. Analogous mutations in the STAT5b gene were seen in a smaller proportion of patients. These gain-of-function mutations are located in the SH2 domain of STAT3 and affect the phosphotyrosine-SH2 interaction required for dimerization of STAT3. The mutations increase the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5b and enhance the transcriptional activity of the mutated proteins. STAT3 and STAT5b mutations can be used as molecular markers for LGL leukemia diagnostics, and they present novel therapeutic targets for STAT3 and STAT5b inhibitors, which currently are in development for treatment of cancer and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna L M Rajala
- Hematology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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198
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Iżykowska K, Zawada M, Nowicka K, Grabarczyk P, Kuss AW, Weissmann R, Busemann C, Ludwig WD, Schmidt CA, Przybylski GK. Submicroscopic genomic rearrangements change gene expression in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:143-9. [PMID: 24649974 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL), we decided to search for those genetic alterations in T-LGL patients and MOTN-1 cell line (established from T-LGL patient) that have an impact on gene expression and as a result can influence cell biology. METHODS Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) analysis of the MOTN-1 cell line was performed as well as paired-end next-generation sequencing (NGS; Illumina HiSeq2000) of this cell line and one T-LGL patient. In addition, chosen 6q region was characterized in three T-LGL patients using high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (FT-CGH) and LM-PCR. Gene expression was studied by RNA sequencing (RNAseq; SOLID5500). RESULTS Rearrangements were detected within 1p and 2q in MOTN-1 affecting expression of FGR, ZEB2, and CASP8, and within 6q in MOTN-1 and one T-LGL patient affecting MAP3K5 and IFNGR1. Nineteen genes, among them FOXN3, RIN3, AKT1, PPP2R5C, were overexpressed as a result of an amplification in 14q in one T-LGL patient. Two novel fusion transcripts were identified: CASP8-ERBB4 in MOTN-1 and SBF1-PKHD1L1 in T-LGL patient. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that submicroscopic genomic rearrangements change gene expression in T-LGL. Several genes involved in rearrangements were previously linked to cancer and survival pattern that characterizes T-LGL cells.
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199
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Zhang L, Ramchandren R, Papenhausen P, Loughran TP, Sokol L. Transformed aggressive γδ-variant T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia with acquired copy neutral loss of heterozygosity at 17q11.2q25.3 and additional aberrations. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:260-4. [PMID: 24635703 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) is a rare indolent lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by cytopenias, splenomegaly, and various degrees of T-cell lymphocytosis, due to a clonal expansion of CD8-positive cytotoxic T-cells. Phenotypic variants of T-LGLL include CD4(+) /CD8(-) T-cells, with dual CD4(-) /CD8(-) /γδ(+) T-cells being even rarer. Cytogenetic abnormalities in T-LGLL have rarely been reported, and there is scientific debate regarding the existence of aggressive or transformed variants of T-LGLL. We report a patient with T-LGLL, γδ variant, with nearly 20-year-long duration of cytopenias before transformation to an unusual clinical scenario, manifesting with marked lymphocytosis >100 × 10(9) /L and infiltration of lymph nodes, tonsils, and subcutaneous tissue. Single-nucleotide polymorphism assays revealed acquired copy neutral loss of heterozygosity at 17q and deletion of 3p21.31, in addition to trisomy 5, monosomy X, and monosomy 21. These genetic abnormalities provided a better understanding of the molecular nature and the potentiality of disease transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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200
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Chang ZY, Sun R, Ma YS, Fu D, Lai XL, Li YS, Wang XH, Zhang XP, Lv ZW, Cong XL, Li WP. Differential gene expression of the key signalling pathway in para-carcinoma, carcinoma and relapse human pancreatic cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:258-67. [PMID: 24122964 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a high rate of mortality and a poorly understood mechanism of progression. Investigation of the molecular mechanism of PC and exploration of the specific markers for early diagnosis and specific targets of therapy are key points to prevent and treat PC effectively and to improve their prognosis. In our study, expression profiles experiment of para-carcinoma, carcinoma and relapse human PC was performed using Agilent human whole genomic oligonucleotide microarrays with 45 000 probes. Differentially expressed genes related with PC were screened and analysed further by Gene Ontology term analysis and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis. Our results showed that there were 3853 differentially expressed genes associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis and relapse. In addition, our study found that PC was related to the Jak-STAT signalling pathway, PPAR signalling pathway and Calcium signalling pathway, indicating their potential roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis and progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yan Chang
- Veterinary Faculty, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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