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Serra-Vinardell J, Sandler MB, De Pace R, Manzella-Lapeira J, Cougnoux A, Keyvanfar K, Introne WJ, Brzostowski JA, Ward ME, Gahl WA, Sharma P, Malicdan MCV. Correction: LYST deficiency impairs autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons and alters lysosome number and size. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:81. [PMID: 36869920 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Maxwell B Sandler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Javier Manzella-Lapeira
- Twinbrook Imaging Facility, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Flow Cytometry Facility, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph A Brzostowski
- Twinbrook Imaging Facility, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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2
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Smith RH, Bloomer H, Fink D, Keyvanfar K, Nasimuzzaman M, Sancheznieto F, Dutta R, Guenther Bui K, Alvarado LJ, Bauer TR, Hickstein DD, Russell DW, Malik P, van der Loo JC, Highfill SL, Kuhns DB, Pirooznia M, Larochelle A. Preclinical Evaluation of Foamy Virus Vector-Mediated Gene Addition in Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells for Correction of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1293-1304. [PMID: 36094106 PMCID: PMC9808799 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo gene therapy procedures targeting hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) predominantly utilize lentivirus-based vectors for gene transfer. We provide the first pre-clinical evidence of the therapeutic utility of a foamy virus vector (FVV) for the genetic correction of human leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1), an inherited primary immunodeficiency resulting from mutation of the β2 integrin common chain, CD18. CD34+ HSPCs isolated from a severely affected LAD-1 patient were transduced under a current good manufacturing practice-compatible protocol with FVV harboring a therapeutic CD18 transgene. LAD-1-associated cellular chemotactic defects were ameliorated in transgene-positive, myeloid-differentiated LAD-1 cells assayed in response to a strong neutrophil chemoattractant in vitro. Xenotransplantation of vector-transduced LAD-1 HSPCs in immunodeficient (NSG) mice resulted in long-term (∼5 months) human cell engraftment within murine bone marrow. Moreover, engrafted LAD-1 myeloid cells displayed in vivo levels of transgene marking previously reported to ameliorate the LAD-1 phenotype in a large animal model of the disease. Vector insertion site analysis revealed a favorable vector integration profile with no overt evidence of genotoxicity. These results coupled with the unique biological features of wild-type foamy virus support the development of FVVs for ex vivo gene therapy of LAD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H. Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Fink
- Neutrophil Monitoring Lab, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Md Nasimuzzaman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fátima Sancheznieto
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roop Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kacey Guenther Bui
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi J. Alvarado
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas R. Bauer
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis D. Hickstein
- Immune Deficiency-Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David W. Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Johannes C.M. van der Loo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L. Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Lab, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Baptista MJ, Baskar S, Gaglione EM, Keyvanfar K, Ahn IE, Wiestner A, Sun C. Select Antitumor Cytotoxic CD8 + T Clonotypes Expand in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Ibrutinib. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4624-4633. [PMID: 33875521 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is skewed and tumor-derived antigens are hypothesized as drivers of oligoclonal expansion. Ibrutinib, a standard treatment for CLL, inhibits not only Bruton tyrosine kinase of the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, but also IL2-inducible kinase of the TCR signaling pathway. T-cell polarization and activation are affected by ibrutinib, but it is unknown whether T cells contribute to clinical response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN High-throughput TCRβ sequencing was performed in 77 longitudinal samples from 26 patients with CLL treated with ibrutinib. TCRβ usage in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Antitumor cytotoxicity of T cells expanded with autologous CLL cells or with antigen-independent anti-CD3/CD28/CD137 beads was tested. RESULTS The clonality of the TCR repertoire increased at the time of response. With extended treatment, TCR clonality remained stable in patients with sustained remission and decreased in patients with disease progression. Expanded clonotypes were rarely shared between patients, indicating specificity for private antigens. Flow cytometry demonstrated a predominance of CD8+ cells among expanded clonotypes. Importantly, bulk T cells from responding patients were cytotoxic against autologous CLL cells in vitro and selective depletion of major expanded clonotypes reduced CLL cell killing. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CLL, established T-cell responses directed against tumor are suppressed by disease and reactivated by ibrutinib.See related commentary by Zent, p. 4465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joao Baptista
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Lymphoid Neoplasms, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Erika M Gaglione
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Inhye E Ahn
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Clare Sun
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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4
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Qanash H, Li Y, Smith RH, Linask K, Young-Baird S, Hakami W, Keyvanfar K, Choy JS, Zou J, Larochelle A. Eltrombopag Improves Erythroid Differentiation in a Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Cells 2021; 10:734. [PMID: 33810313 PMCID: PMC8065708 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital macrocytic anemia associated with ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency. Ribosomal dysfunction delays globin synthesis, resulting in excess toxic free heme in erythroid progenitors, early differentiation arrest, and pure red cell aplasia. In this study, DBA induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from blood mononuclear cells of DBA patients with inactivating mutations in RPS19 and subjected to hematopoietic differentiation to model disease phenotypes. In vitro differentiated hematopoietic cells were used to investigate whether eltrombopag, an FDA-approved mimetic of thrombopoietin with robust intracellular iron chelating properties, could rescue erythropoiesis in DBA by restricting the labile iron pool (LIP) derived from excessive free heme. DBA iPSCs exhibited RPS19 haploinsufficiency, reduction in the 40S/60S ribosomal subunit ratio and early erythroid differentiation arrest in the absence of eltrombopag, compared to control isogenic iPSCs established by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of the RPS19 point mutation. Notably, differentiation of DBA iPSCs in the presence of eltrombopag markedly improved erythroid maturation. Consistent with a molecular mechanism based on intracellular iron chelation, we observed that deferasirox, a clinically licensed iron chelator able to permeate into cells, also enhanced erythropoiesis in our DBA iPSC model. In contrast, erythroid maturation did not improve substantially in DBA iPSC differentiation cultures supplemented with deferoxamine, a clinically available iron chelator that poorly accesses LIP within cellular compartments. These findings identify eltrombopag as a promising new therapeutic to improve anemia in DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Qanash
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, The University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongqin Li
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
| | - Richard H. Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
| | - Kaari Linask
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sara Young-Baird
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Waleed Hakami
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA;
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Clinical Flow Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - John S. Choy
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA;
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (H.Q.); (Y.L.); (R.H.S.); (W.H.)
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5
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Demirci S, Haro-Mora JJ, Leonard A, Drysdale C, Malide D, Keyvanfar K, Essawi K, Vizcardo R, Tamaoki N, Restifo NP, Tisdale JF, Uchida N. Correction to: Definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells through serum/feeder-free organoid-induced differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:544. [PMID: 33334372 PMCID: PMC7747398 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan J Haro-Mora
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Claire Drysdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Khaled Essawi
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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6
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Demirci S, Haro-Mora JJ, Leonard A, Drysdale C, Malide D, Keyvanfar K, Essawi K, Vizcardo R, Tamaoki N, Restifo NP, Tisdale JF, Uchida N. Definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells through serum/feeder-free organoid-induced differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:493. [PMID: 33234163 PMCID: PMC7688003 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ex vivo production of hematopoietic stem/precursor cells (HSPCs) represents a promising versatile approach for blood disorders. Methods To derive definitive HSPCs from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we differentiated mesodermally specified embryoid bodies (EBs) on gelatin-coated plates in serum/feeder-free conditions. Results Seven-day EB maturation followed by an 8-day differentiation period on OP9 cells provided the highest number of definitive (CD34+ CD235a−, 69%, p < 0.01) and lowest number of primitive (CD34− CD235a+, 1.55%, p < 0.01) precursor cells along with the highest colony-forming units (149.8 ± 11.6, p < 0.01) in feeder-free conditions. Maximal HSPC fraction (CD34+ CD38− CD45RA− CD49f+ CD90+) was 7.6–8.9% after 10 days of hematopoietic differentiation with 14.5% adult β-globin expression following RBC differentiation. Myeloid and erythroid colonies were restricted strictly to the CD34+ CD43+ fraction (370.5 ± 65.7, p < 0.001), while the CD34− CD43+ fraction produced only a small number of colonies (21.6 ± 11.9). In addition, we differentiated the CD34+ CD43+ cells towards T-lymphocytes using the OP9/DLL1 co-culture system demonstrating double-positive T cells (CD4+ CD8+) with CD3+ expression displaying a broad T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Confocal imaging of organoid-like structures revealed a close association of CD31+ cells with CD34+ and CD43+ cells, suggesting a potential emergence of HSPCs through endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled organoids exhibited the emergence of spherical non-attached cells from rare progenitors at the border of the organoid center. Conclusions In summary, definitive HSPCs can be derived from ESCs through a dynamic cellular process from an organoid-like structure, where erythroid progeny are capable of producing adult hemoglobin and lymphoid progeny shows a diverse TCR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Juan J Haro-Mora
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Claire Drysdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Khaled Essawi
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naritaka Tamaoki
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 10, 9N112, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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7
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Ruiz JP, Chen G, Haro Mora JJ, Keyvanfar K, Liu C, Zou J, Beers J, Bloomer H, Qanash H, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Boehm M, Larochelle A. Robust generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human iPSCs using a scalable monolayer culture system. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101600. [PMID: 31710911 PMCID: PMC6953424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising objectives of clinical hematology is to derive engraftable autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Progress in translating iPSC technologies to the clinic relies on the availability of scalable differentiation methodologies. In this study, human iPSCs were differentiated for 21 days using STEMdiff™, a monolayer-based approach for hematopoietic differentiation of human iPSCs that requires no replating, co-culture or embryoid body formation. Both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells were functionally characterized throughout differentiation. In the hematopoietic fraction, an early transient population of primitive CD235a+ erythroid progenitor cells first emerged, followed by hematopoietic progenitors with multilineage differentiation activity in vitro but no long-term engraftment potential in vivo. In later stages of differentiation, a nearly exclusive production of definitive erythroid progenitors was observed. In the non-hematopoietic fraction, we identified a prevalent population of mesenchymal stromal cells and limited arterial vascular endothelium (VE), suggesting that the cellular constitution of the monolayer may be inadequate to support the generation of HSCs with durable repopulating potential. Quantitative modulation of WNT/β-catenin and activin/nodal/TGFβ signaling pathways with CHIR/SB molecules during differentiation enhanced formation of arterial VE, definitive multilineage and erythroid progenitors, but was insufficient to orchestrate the generation of engrafting HSCs. Overall, STEMdiff™ provides a clinically-relevant and readily adaptable platform for the generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Ruiz
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Guibin Chen
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Juan Jesus Haro Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Clinical Flow Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jeanette Beers
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Hanan Bloomer
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Husam Qanash
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - John F Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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8
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Jain P, Tian X, Cordes S, Chen J, Cantilena CR, Bradley C, Panjwani R, Chinian F, Keyvanfar K, Battiwalla M, Muranski P, Barrett AJ, Ito S. Over-expression of PD-1 Does Not Predict Leukemic Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:216-222. [PMID: 30292745 PMCID: PMC10478036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the T-cell exhaustion marker PD-1 to re-energize the immune response is emerging as a promising cancer treatment. Relapse of hematologic malignancy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation limits the success of this approach, and PD-1 blockade may hold therapeutic promise. However, PD-1 expression and its relationship with post-transplant relapse is poorly described. Because the donor immunity is activated by alloresponses, PD-1 expression may differ from nontransplanted individuals, and PD-1 blockade could risk graft-versus-host disease. Here we analyzed T-cell exhaustion marker kinetics and their relationship with leukemia relapse in 85 patients undergoing myeloablative T-cell-depleted HLA-matched stem cell transplantation. At a median follow-up of 3.5 years, 35 (44%) patients relapsed. PD-1 expression in CD4 and CD8 T cells was comparably elevated in relapsed and nonrelapsed cohorts. Helios+ regulatory T cells and CD8 effector memory cells at day 30 emerged as independent predictors of relapse. Although leukemia antigen-specific T cells did not overexpress PD-1, single-cell analysis revealed LAG3 and TIM3 overexpression at relapse. These findings indicate that PD-1 is an unreliable marker for leukemia-specific T-cell exhaustion in relapsing patients but implies other exhaustion markers and suppressor cells as relapse biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefan Cordes
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline R Cantilena
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian Bradley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reema Panjwani
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fariba Chinian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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9
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Wu Z, Gao S, Zhao X, Chen J, Keyvanfar K, Feng X, Kajigaya S, Young NS. Long noncoding RNAs of single hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in healthy and dysplastic human bone marrow. Haematologica 2018; 104:894-906. [PMID: 30545929 PMCID: PMC6518886 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.208926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of cell differentiation and development. The lncRNA transcriptome in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is not comprehensively defined. We investigated lncRNAs in 979 human bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells by single cell RNA sequencing followed by de novo transcriptome reconstruction. We identified 3,173 lncRNAs in total, among which 2,365 were previously unknown, and we characterized lncRNA stem, differentiation, and maturation signatures. lncRNA expression exhibited high cell-to-cell variation, which was only apparent in single cell analysis. lncRNA expression followed a lineage-specific and highly dynamic pattern during early hematopoiesis. lncRNAs in hematopoietic cells closely correlated with protein-coding genes of known functions in the regulation of hematopoiesis and cell fate decisions, and the potential regulatory roles of lncRNAs in hematopoiesis were imputed by projection from protein-coding genes with a “guilt-by-association” approach. We characterized lncRNAs preferentially expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and in various downstream differentiated lineage progenitors. We also profiled lncRNA expression in single cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and in aneuploid cells in particular. Our study provides a global view of lncRNAs in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We observed a highly ordered pattern of lncRNA expression and participation in regulation of early hematopoiesis, and coordinate aberrant messenger RNA and lncRNA transcriptomes in dysplastic hematopoiesis. (Registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifiers: 00001620, 00001397)
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Shouguo Gao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
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10
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Wu Z, Giudice V, Chen J, Sun W, Lin Z, Keyvanfar K, Talasani N, Kajigaya S, Feng X, Young NS. Interleukin-18 plays a dispensable role in murine and likely also human bone marrow failure. Exp Hematol 2018; 69:54-64.e2. [PMID: 30316805 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), also known as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-inducing factor, is involved in Th1 responses and regulation of immunity. Accumulating evidence implicates IL-18 in autoimmune diseases, but little is known of its role in acquired aplastic anemia (AA), the immune-mediated destruction of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). IL-18 protein levels were significantly elevated in sera of severe AA (SAA) patients, including both responders and nonresponders assayed before treatment, and decreased after treatment. IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) was expressed on HSPCs. Co-culture of human BM CD34+ cells from healthy donors with IL-18 upregulated genes in the helper T-cell and Notch signaling pathways and downregulated genes in the cell cycle regulation, telomerase, and IL-6 signaling pathways. Plasma IL-18 levels were also elevated in murine models of immune-mediated BM failure. However, deletion of IL-18 in donor lymph node cells or deletions of either IL-18 or IL-18R in recipients did not attenuate elevations of circulating IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or IL-6, nor did they alleviate BM failure. In summary, our findings suggest that, although increased circulating IL-18 is a feature of SAA, it may reflect an aberrant immune response but be dispensable to the pathogenesis of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wanling Sun
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zenghua Lin
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nidhi Talasani
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Wu ZJ, Zhao X, Banaszak LG, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Keyvanfar K, Gao SG, Quinones Raffo D, Kajigaya S, Young NS. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ASXL1 mutations in U937 cells disrupt myeloid differentiation. Int J Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532865 PMCID: PMC5843401 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is a well‑known tumor suppressor gene and epigenetic modifier. ASXL1 mutations are frequent in myeloid malignances; these mutations are risk factors for the development of myelodysplasia and also appear as small clones during normal aging. ASXL1 appears to act as an epigenetic regulator of cell survival and myeloid differentiation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation of cells with ASXL1 mutations are not well defined. Using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) genome editing, heterozygous and homozygous ASXL1 mutations were introduced into human U937 leukemic cells. Comparable cell growth and cell cycle progression were observed between wild-type (WT) and ASXL1-mutated U937 cells. Drug-induced cytotoxicity, as measured by growth inhibition and apoptosis in the presence of the cell-cycle active agent 5-fluorouracil, was variable among the mutated clones but was not significantly different from WT cells. In addition, ASXL1-mutated cells exhibited defects in monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ASXL1 mutations altered differentiation of U937 cells by disturbing genes involved in myeloid differentiation, including cytochrome B-245 β chain and C-type lectin domain family 5, member A. Dysregulation of numerous gene sets associated with cell death and survival were also observed in ASXL1-mutated cells. These data provide evidence regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms induced by mutated ASXL1 in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Lauren G Banaszak
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Shou-Guo Gao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Diego Quinones Raffo
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
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12
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Banaszak LG, Giudice V, Zhao X, Wu Z, Gao S, Hosokawa K, Keyvanfar K, Townsley DM, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Fernandez Ibanez MDP, Kajigaya S, Young NS. Abnormal RNA splicing and genomic instability after induction of DNMT3A mutations by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2018; 69:10-22. [PMID: 29324392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mediates de novo DNA methylation. Mutations in DNMT3A are associated with hematological malignancies, most frequently acute myeloid leukemia. DNMT3A mutations are hypothesized to establish a pre-leukemic state, rendering cells vulnerable to secondary oncogenic mutations and malignant transformation. However, the mechanisms by which DNMT3A mutations contribute to leukemogenesis are not well-defined. Here, we successfully created four DNMT3A-mutated K562 cell lines with frameshift mutations resulting in truncated DNMT3A proteins. DNMT3A-mutated cell lines exhibited significantly impaired growth and increased apoptotic activity compared to wild-type (WT) cells. Consistent with previous studies, DNMT3A-mutated cells displayed impaired differentiation capacity. RNA-seq was used to compare transcriptomes of DNMT3A-mutated and WT cells; DNMT3A ablation resulted in downregulation of genes involved in spliceosome function, causing dysfunction of RNA splicing. Unexpectedly, we observed DNMT3A-mutated cells to exhibit marked genomic instability and an impaired DNA damage response compared to WT. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated DNMT3A-mutated K562 cells may be used to model effects of DNMT3A mutations in human cells. Our findings implicate aberrant splicing and induction of genomic instability as potential mechanisms by which DNMT3A mutations might predispose to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Banaszak
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA.
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Shouguo Gao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Kohei Hosokawa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Fernanda Gutierrez-Rodrigues
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Maria Del Pilar Fernandez Ibanez
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
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13
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Cantilena CR, Ito S, Tian X, Jain P, Chinian F, Anandi P, Keyvanfar K, Draper D, Koklanaris E, Hauffe S, Superata J, Stroncek D, Muranski P, Barrett AJ, Battiwalla M. Distinct Biomarker Profiles in Ex Vivo T Cell Depletion Graft Manipulation Strategies: CD34 + Selection versus CD3 +/19 + Depletion in Matched Sibling Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:460-466. [PMID: 29197677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Various approaches have been developed for ex vivo T cell depletion in allogeneic stem cell transplantation to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Direct comparisons of T cell depletion strategies have not been well studied, however. We evaluated cellular and plasma biomarkers in 2 different graft manipulation strategies, CD3+CD19+ cell depletion (CD3/19D) versus CD34+ selection (CD34S), and their associations with clinical outcomes. Identical conditions, including the myeloablative preparative regimen, HLA-identical sibling donor, GVHD prophylaxis, and graft source, were used in the 2 cohorts. Major clinical outcomes were similar in the 2 groups in terms of overall survival, nonrelapse mortality, and cumulative incidence of relapse; however, the cumulative incidence of acute GVHD trended to be higher in the CD3/19D cohort compared with the CD34S cohort. A distinct biomarker profile was noted in the CD3/19D cohort: higher levels of ST2, impaired Helios- FoxP3+Treg reconstitution, and rapid reconstitution of naïve, Th2, and Th17 CD4 cells in the early post-transplantation period. In vitro graft replication studies confirmed that CD3/19D disproportionately depleted Tregs and other CD4 subset repertoires in the graft. This study confirms the utility of biomarker monitoring, which can be directly correlated with biological consequences and possible future therapeutic indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Cantilena
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prachi Jain
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fariba Chinian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prathima Anandi
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Debbie Draper
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eleftheria Koklanaris
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara Hauffe
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeanine Superata
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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14
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Feng X, Lin Z, Sun W, Hollinger MK, Desierto MJ, Keyvanfar K, Malide D, Muranski P, Chen J, Young NS. Rapamycin is highly effective in murine models of immune-mediated bone marrow failure. Haematologica 2017; 102:1691-1703. [PMID: 28729300 PMCID: PMC5622853 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.163675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia, the prototypical bone marrow failure disease, is characterized by pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia. Most aplastic anemia patients respond to immunosuppressive therapy, usually with anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine, but some relapse on cyclosporine withdrawal or require long-term administration of cyclosporine to maintain blood counts. In this study, we tested efficacy of rapamycin as a new or alternative treatment in mouse models of immune-mediated bone marrow failure. Rapamycin ameliorated pancytopenia, improved bone marrow cellularity, and extended animal survival in a manner comparable to the standard dose of cyclosporine. Rapamycin effectively reduced Th1 inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, increased the Th2 cytokine interleukin-10, stimulated expansion of functional regulatory T cells, eliminated effector CD8+ T cells (notably T cells specific to target cells bearing minor histocompatibility antigen H60), and preserved hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Rapamycin, but not cyclosporine, reduced the proportion of memory and effector T cells and maintained a pool of naïve T cells. Cyclosporine increased cytoplasmic nuclear factor of activated T-cells-1 following T-cell receptor stimulation, whereas rapamycin suppressed phosphorylation of two key signaling molecules in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, S6 kinase and protein kinase B. In summary, rapamycin was an effective therapy in mouse models of immune-mediated bone marrow failure, acting through different mechanisms to cyclosporine. Its specific expansion of regulatory T cells and elimination of clonogenic CD8+ effectors support its potential clinical utility in the treatment of aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zenghua Lin
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Maile K Hollinger
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie J Desierto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Hosokawa K, Kajigaya S, Keyvanfar K, Qiao W, Xie Y, Townsley DM, Feng X, Young NS. T Cell Transcriptomes from Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Patients Reveal Novel Signaling Pathways. J Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28630090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired disorder originating from hematopoietic stem cells and is a life-threating disease characterized by intravascular hemolysis, bone marrow (BM) failure, and venous thrombosis. The etiology of PNH is a somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (PIG-A) on the X chromosome, which blocks synthesis of the glycolipid moiety and causes deficiency in GPI-anchored proteins. PNH is closely related to aplastic anemia, in which T cells mediate destruction of BM. To identify aberrant molecular mechanisms involved in immune targeting of hematopoietic stem cells in BM, we applied RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of T cell subsets (CD4+ naive, CD4+ memory, CD8+ naive, and CD8+ memory) from PNH patients and healthy control subjects. Differentially expressed gene analysis in four different T cell subsets from PNH and healthy control subjects showed distinct transcriptional profiles, depending on the T cell subsets. By pathway analysis, we identified novel signaling pathways in T cell subsets from PNH, including increased gene expression involved in TNFR, IGF1, NOTCH, AP-1, and ATF2 pathways. Dysregulation of several candidate genes (JUN, TNFAIP3, TOB1, GIMAP4, GIMAP6, TRMT112, NR4A2, CD69, and TNFSF8) was validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. We have demonstrated molecular signatures associated with positive and negative regulators in T cells, suggesting novel pathophysiologic mechanisms in PNH. These pathways may be targets for new strategies to modulate T cell immune responses in BM failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Wangmin Qiao
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Neal S Young
- Cell Biology Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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16
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Chang MJ, Whitehill G, Stegemann S, Scofield E, Wong S, Keyvanfar K, Jain P, Ito S, Chen J, Barrett J, Muranski P. Targeting human acute myeloid leukemia with multi-epitope specific naïvederived anti-tumor CD4+ T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.155.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Little is known about the anti-tumor potential of human CD4+ T cells. Hematological malignancies constitutively expressing MHC class II could be a target for tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. We studied antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells targeting leukemia associated antigens (LAA) WT-1, PRAME, MAGEA A3 and Ny-ESO1 in vitro and in a humanized NSG mouse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model. We hypothesized that naïve CD4+ T cells are an important source of anti-tumor T cells. Bulk and naïve CD4+ T cells isolated from the blood of normal donors were stimulated with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with overlapping 15mer peptides spanning the entire protein. After culture, naïve-derived Th cells robustly recognized LAA in most donors, while bulk-derived CD4+ T cells had negligible activity, suggesting that pre-exiting memory Th cells have a competitive advantage over LAA-specific precursors. Addition of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, 6, 7, 21, 23 and TGF-β) further enhanced reactivity. Naïve-derived donor LAA-specific Th cells (but not control CMV pp65-specific Th cells) specifically recognized HLA-matched sibling AML blasts. After adoptive transfer LAA-specific T cells significantly reduced leukemic burden in NSG mice bearing fully-HLA matched AML. Thus, it is feasible to generate naïve-derived multi-epitope specific anti-leukemia CD4+ T cells from normal donors. Removal of competing memory Th cells and culture in inflammatory cytokines unmasks strong LAA-specific reactivity. These Th cells demonstrate highly specific recognition of naturally processed LAA in HLA-matched leukemic blasts and can control AML in vivo, establishing a foundation for CD4+ T cell immunotherapy for hematological malignancies.
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Davies SI, Whitehill G, Yu Q, Chang MJ, Keyvanfar K, Brownell I, Buck C, Barrett J, Muranski P. Merkel Cell Carcinoma viral oncoprotein-specific polyclonal T cells can be generated from patients and from healthy donors. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.198.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Truncated large T (LT-T) and small T (ST) antigens of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) are viral oncoproteins critical for pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC), making this malignancy an attractive target for immunotherapy. We explored feasibility of generating LT-T and ST specific T cells from 12 healthy donors and 4 patients with MCC. Manufactured overlapping peptide libraries (pepmixes) spanning entire LT-T and ST proteins were pulsed onto autologous dendritic cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells and co-cultured with lymphocytes in presence of IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. Analogous cultures were generated using BK and JC polyomavirus LT pepmixes and PRAME (MCC patients). On day 14, cells were tested for recognition of cognate pepmixes. T cells from 4/12 (33.3%) healthy donors released IFN-γ and/or TNFα (average 0.48 ± 0.144 %) in response to MCV T antigens, predominantly in CD4± cells. 2/4 patients with MCC had a robust T cell response against MCV LT (2.23 ± 0.65%), 3/4 patients responded to JCV LT (3.56 ± 1.92%), and 2/4 responded to PRAME (1.18 ± 0.707%). T cells specific for JC or BK LT antigens demonstrated mutual cross-reactivity, but negligible cross reactivity with MCV LT and vice versa, suggesting that the more abundant JC and BK-specific cells do not confer protection against MCC. Our data indicate that while MCC subjects have strong responses healthy donors harbor only rare memory T cells specific for MCC oncoproteins. Based on these findings we are developing highly-active clinical-grade MCC-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Jain P, Klotz J, Dunavin N, Lu K, Koklanaris E, Draper D, Superata J, Chinian F, Yu Q, Keyvanfar K, Wong S, Muranski P, Barrett AJ, Ito S, Battiwalla M. Cellular immune profiling after sequential clofarabine and lenalidomide for high risk myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res Rep 2017; 7:40-44. [PMID: 28462085 PMCID: PMC5402630 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are commonly older with multiple co-morbidities, rendering them unsuitable for intensive induction chemotherapy or transplantation. We report preliminary cellular immune profiling of four cases receiving sequential clofarabine and lenalidomide for high risk MDS and AML in a phase I study. Our results highlight the potential of immune profiling for monitoring immune-modifying agents in high risk MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Klotz
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil Dunavin
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kit Lu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eleftheria Koklanaris
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debbie Draper
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanine Superata
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Chinian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Quan Yu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Wong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Jain P, Battiwalla M, Cantilena CR, Chinian F, Panjwani R, Koklanaris E, Superata J, Draper D, Keyvanfar K, Muranski P, Barrett AJ, Ito S. Relapse Post-Transplant Is Characterised By Persistently Elevated PD1 Expression on CD4 T Cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.12.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Hosokawa K, Kajigaya S, Keyvanfar K, Qiao W, Xie Y, Biancotto A, Townsley DM, Feng X, Young NS. Whole transcriptome sequencing identifies increased CXCR2 expression in PNH granulocytes. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:136-141. [PMID: 28151558 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a somatic mutation in the X-linked phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (PIGA), resulting in global deficiency of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). This study applied RNA-sequencing to examine functional effects of the PIGA mutation in human granulocytes. CXCR2 expression was increased in GPI-AP- compared to GPI-AP+ granulocytes. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, a CXCR2 agonist, was significantly higher in plasma of PNH patients. Nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation was upregulated in GPI-AP- compared with GPI-AP+ granulocytes. Our data suggest novel mechanisms in PNH, not obviously predicted by decreased production of the GPI moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Angelique Biancotto
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Zhao X, Tian X, Kajigaya S, Cantilena CR, Strickland S, Savani BN, Mohan S, Feng X, Keyvanfar K, Dunavin N, Townsley DM, Dumitriu B, Battiwalla M, Rezvani K, Young NS, Barrett AJ, Ito S. Epigenetic landscape of the TERT promoter: a potential biomarker for high risk AML/MDS. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:427-439. [PMID: 27433923 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although recent observations implicate the importance of telomerase activity in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), the roles of epigenetic regulations of the TERT gene in leukaemogenesis, drug resistance and clinical prognosis in AML are not fully understood. We developed a quantitative pyrosequencing-based methylation assay covering the TERT proximal promoter and a partial exon 1 (TERTpro/Ex1) region and tested both cell lines and primary leukaemia cells derived from AML and AML with preceding myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS) patients (n = 43). Prognostic impact of methylation status of the upstream TERT promoter region was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The activity of the telomerase inhibitor, imetelstat, was measured using leukaemia cell lines. The TERTpro/Ex1 region was highly methylated in all cell lines and primary leukaemia cells showed diverse methylation profiles. Most cases showed hypermethylated regions at the upstream TERTpro/Ex1 region, which were associated with inferior patient survival. TERTpro/Ex1 methylation status was correlated with the cytotoxicity to imetelstat and its combination with hypomethylating agent enhanced the cytotoxicity of imetelstat. AML cell lines and primary blasts harbour distinct TERTpro/Ex1 methylation profiles that could serve as a prognostic biomarker of AML. However, validation in a large cohort of patients is necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline R Cantilena
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Strickland
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bipin N Savani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanjay Mohan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil Dunavin
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Chen J, Kang JG, Keyvanfar K, Young NS, Hwang PM. Long-term adaptation to hypoxia preserves hematopoietic stem cell function. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:866-873.e4. [PMID: 27118043 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen sustains aerobic life, but it also serves as the substrate for oxidative stress, which has been associated with the pathogenesis of disease and with aging. Compared with mice housed in normoxia (21% O2), reducing ambient oxygen to 10% O2 (hypoxia) resulted in increased hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function as measured by bone marrow (BM) cell engraftment onto lethally irradiated recipients. The number of BM c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+)Lin(-) (KSL) cells as well as the number of cells with other hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell markers were increased in hypoxia mice, whereas the BM cells' colony-forming capacity remained unchanged. KSL cells from hypoxia mice showed a decreased level of oxidative stress and increased expression of transcription factor Gata1 and cytokine receptor c-Mpl, consistent with the observations of increased erythropoiesis and enhanced HSC engraftment. These observations demonstrate the benefit of a hypoxic HSC niche and suggest that hypoxic conditions can be further optimized to preserve stem cell integrity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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23
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Hosokawa K, Muranski P, Feng X, Townsley DM, Liu B, Knickelbein J, Keyvanfar K, Dumitriu B, Ito S, Kajigaya S, Taylor JG, Kaplan MJ, Nussenblatt RB, Barrett AJ, O'Shea J, Young NS. Memory Stem T Cells in Autoimmune Disease: High Frequency of Circulating CD8+ Memory Stem Cells in Acquired Aplastic Anemia. J Immunol 2016; 196:1568-78. [PMID: 26764034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Memory stem T cells (TSCMs) constitute a long-lived, self-renewing lymphocyte population essential for the maintenance of functional immunity. Hallmarks of autoimmune disease pathogenesis are abnormal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell activation. We investigated the TSCM subset in 55, 34, 43, and 5 patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA), autoimmune uveitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sickle cell disease, respectively, as well as in 41 age-matched healthy controls. CD8(+) TSCM frequency was significantly increased in AA compared with healthy controls. An increased CD8(+) TSCM frequency at diagnosis was associated with responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy, and an elevated CD8(+) TSCM population after immunosuppressive therapy correlated with treatment failure or relapse in AA patients. IFN-γ and IL-2 production was significantly increased in various CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell subsets in AA patients, including CD8(+) and CD4(+) TSCMs. CD8(+) TSCM frequency was also increased in patients with autoimmune uveitis or sickle cell disease. A positive correlation between CD4(+) and CD8(+) TSCM frequencies was found in AA, autoimmune uveitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Evaluation of PD-1, CD160, and CD244 expression revealed that TSCMs were less exhausted compared with other types of memory T cells. Our results suggest that the CD8(+) TSCM subset is a novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Baoying Liu
- Clinical Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jared Knickelbein
- Clinical Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James G Taylor
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Robert B Nussenblatt
- Clinical Immunology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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24
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Sukumar M, Liu J, Mehta GU, Patel SJ, Roychoudhuri R, Crompton JG, Klebanoff CA, Ji Y, Li P, Yu Z, Whitehill GD, Clever D, Eil RL, Palmer DC, Mitra S, Rao M, Keyvanfar K, Schrump DS, Wang E, Marincola FM, Gattinoni L, Leonard WJ, Muranski P, Finkel T, Restifo NP. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Identifies Cells with Enhanced Stemness for Cellular Therapy. Cell Metab 2016; 23:63-76. [PMID: 26674251 PMCID: PMC4747432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Long-term survival and antitumor immunity of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells is dependent on their metabolic fitness, but approaches to isolate therapeutic T cells based on metabolic features are not well established. Here we utilized a lipophilic cationic dye tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) to identify and isolate metabolically robust T cells based on their mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Comprehensive metabolomic and gene expression profiling demonstrated global features of improved metabolic fitness in low-ΔΨm-sorted CD8(+) T cells. Transfer of these low-ΔΨm T cells was associated with superior long-term in vivo persistence and an enhanced capacity to eradicate established tumors compared with high-ΔΨm cells. Use of ΔΨm-based sorting to enrich for cells with superior metabolic features was observed in CD8(+), CD4(+) T cell subsets, and long-term hematopoietic stem cells. This metabolism-based approach to cell selection may be broadly applicable to therapies involving the transfer of HSC or lymphocytes for the treatment of viral-associated illnesses and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhanan Sukumar
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gautam U Mehta
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shashank J Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIH-Georgetown University Graduate Partnership Program, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph G Crompton
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher A Klebanoff
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Clinical Investigator Development Program, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhiya Yu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David Clever
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert L Eil
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas C Palmer
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suman Mitra
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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Dumitriu B, Ito S, Feng X, Stephens N, Yunce M, Kajigaya S, Melenhorst JJ, Rios O, Scheinberg P, Chinian F, Keyvanfar K, Battiwalla M, Wu CO, Maric I, Xi L, Raffeld M, Muranski P, Townsley DM, Young NS, Barrett AJ, Scheinberg P. Alemtuzumab in T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukaemia: interim results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Haematol 2015; 3:e22-9. [PMID: 26765645 PMCID: PMC4721315 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGL) is a lymphoproliferative disease presenting with immune-mediated cytopenias and characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. Methotrexate, cyclosporine, or cyclophosphamide improve cytopenias in 50% of patients as first therapy, but the activity of an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, alemtuzumab, is not defined in T-LGL. Methods Twenty-five consecutive subjects with T-LGL were enrolled from October 2006 to March 2015 at the National Institutes of Health (www.clinicaltrials.gov-NCT00345345). Alemtuzumab was administered at 10 mg/day intravenously for 10 days. The primary endpoint was haematologic response at 3 months. Analysis was intention to treat. Here we report the protocol specified interim benchmark of a phase II clinical trial using alemtuzumab in T-LGL. Findings In this heterogeneous, previously treated cohort, 14/25 (56%; 95% CI, 37–73%) subjects had a haematological response at 3 months. In T-LGL cases not associated with myelodysplasia or marrow transplantation, the response rate was 14/19 (74%; 95% CI, 51–86%). First dose infusion reactions were common which improved with symptomatic therapy. EBV and CMV reactivations were common and subclinical. In only 2 patients pre-emptive anti-CMV therapy was instituted. There were no cases of EBV or CMV disease. Alemtuzumab induced sustained reduction of absolute clonal population of T-cytotoxic lymphocytes, as identified by TCRBV-receptor phenotype, but the abnormal clone serendipitously persisted in responders. STAT3 mutations in the SH2 domain, identified in ten subjects, did not correlate with response. When compared with healthy volunteers, T-LGL subjects showed a distinct plasma cytokine and JAK-STAT signature prior to treatment, but neither correlated to response. Interpretation This is the largest and only prospective cohort of T-LGL subjects treated with alemtuzumab yet reported. The high activity with a single course of a lymphocytotoxic agent in a mainly relapsed and refractory suggests that haematologic response outcomes can be accomplished without the need for continued use of oral immunosuppression. Funding This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Stephens
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muharrem Yunce
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olga Rios
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priscila Scheinberg
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Chinian
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Austin J Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phillip Scheinberg
- Clinical Hematology, Antônio Ermírio de Moraes Cancer Center, Hospital São José and Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Chen J, Feng X, Desierto MJ, Keyvanfar K, Young NS. IFN-γ-mediated hematopoietic cell destruction in murine models of immune-mediated bone marrow failure. Blood 2015; 126:2621-31. [PMID: 26491068 PMCID: PMC4671109 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-652453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has been reported to have both negative and positive activity on hematopoietic cells, adding complexity to the interpretation of its pleiotropic functions. We examined the effects of IFN-γ on murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors in vitro and in vivo by using mouse models. IFN-γ treatment expanded bone marrow (BM) c-Kit(+)Sca1(+)Lin(-) (KSL) cell number but reduced BM KLCD150(+) and KLCD150(+)CD48(-) cells. IFN-γ-expanded KSL cells engrafted poorly when tested by competitive repopulation in vivo. KSL, KLCD150(+), and KLCD150(+)CD48(-) cells from IFN-γ-treated animals all showed significant upregulation in Fas expression. When cocultured with activated T cells in vitro, KSL and KLCD150(+) cells from IFN-γ-treated donors showed increased apoptosis relative to those from untreated animals, and infusion of activated CD8 T cells into IFN-γ-injected animals in vivo led to partial elimination of KSL cells. Exposure of BM cells or KSL cells to IFN-γ increased expression of Fas, caspases, and related proapoptotic genes and decreased expression of Ets-1 and other hematopoietic genes. In mouse models of BM failure, mice genetically deficient in IFN-γ receptor expression showed attenuation of immune-mediated marrow destruction, whereas effector lymphocytes from IFN-γ-deficient donors were much less potent in initiating BM damage. We conclude that the activity of IFN-γ on murine hematopoiesis is context dependent. IFN-γ-augmented apoptotic gene expression facilitates destruction of HSCs and progenitors in the presence of activated cytotoxic T cells, as occurs in human BM failure.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Aplastic
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Diseases
- Bone Marrow Failure Disorders
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fas Ligand Protein/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Hematopoiesis/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/immunology
- Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/physiopathology
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- fas Receptor/biosynthesis
- fas Receptor/genetics
- Interferon gamma Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marie J Desierto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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27
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Sato K, Feng X, Chen J, Li J, Muranski P, Desierto MJ, Keyvanfar K, Malide D, Kajigaya S, Young NS. PPARγ antagonist attenuates mouse immune-mediated bone marrow failure by inhibition of T cell function. Haematologica 2015; 101:57-67. [PMID: 26589913 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia is an immune-mediated disease, in which T cells target hematopoietic cells; at presentation, the bone marrow is replaced by fat. It was reported that bone marrow adipocytes were negative regulators of hematopoietic microenvironment. To examine the role of adipocytes in bone marrow failure, we investigated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a key transcription factor in adipogenesis, utilizing an antagonist of this factor called bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether. While bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether inhibited adipogenesis as expected, it also suppressed T cell infiltration of bone marrow, reduced plasma inflammatory cytokines, decreased expression of multiple inflammasome genes, and ameliorated marrow failure. In vitro, bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether suppressed activation and proliferation, and reduced phospholipase C gamma 1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 expression, as well as inhibiting calcium flux in T cells. The in vivo effect of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether on T cells was confirmed in a second immune-mediated bone marrow failure model, using different strains and non-major histocompatibility antigen mismatched: bisphenol-A-diglycidyl-ether ameliorated marrow failure by inhibition of T cell infiltration of bone marrow. Our data indicate that peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonists may attenuate murine immune-mediated bone marrow failure, at least in part, by suppression of T cell activation, which might hold implications in the application of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonists in immune-mediated pathophysiologies, both in the laboratory and in the clinic. Genetically "fatless" mice developed bone marrow failure with accumulation of marrow adipocytes in our model, even in the absence of body fat, suggesting different mechanisms of systematic and marrow adipogenesis and physiologic versus pathophysiologic fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Sato
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jungang Li
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marie J Desierto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Malide
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Salem B, Miner S, Hensel NF, Battiwalla M, Keyvanfar K, Stroncek DF, Gee AP, Hanley PJ, Bollard CM, Ito S, Barrett AJ. Quantitative activation suppression assay to evaluate human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell potency. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1675-86. [PMID: 26422657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS With the increasing use of cell therapies involving immune modulatory cells, there is a need for a simple standardized method to evaluate and compare the suppressive potency of different cell products. We used the Karpas 299 (K299) cell line as the reference suppressor cell to develop a standardized suppression assay to quantify the immune-modulatory capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). METHODS Healthy donor CD4 T cells were co-cultured with the K299 cell line or with third-party BM-MSCs. After stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads, CD154 activation and proliferation of CD4 T cells were measured to calculate suppression. RESULTS The K299 cell line reproducibly suppressed both the activation and proliferation of healthy donor CD4 T cells in a dose-dependent manner. A rapid (16-h) assay that was based on activation-suppression was selected for development. In replicate testing, there was an inherent variability of suppression of 11% coefficient of variation between different responder T cells. Suppression by BM-MSCs on different responders correlated with suppression by K299. We therefore used K299 suppression as the reference to define suppression potency of BM-MSCs in K299 Suppression Units. We found that inter-donor variability, passage number, method of manufacture and exposure of BM-MSCs to steroids or interferon-γ all affected BM-MSC potency of suppression. CONCLUSIONS This method provides a platform for standardizing suppressor function to facilitate comparisons between laboratories and for use as a cell product release assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahey Salem
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samantha Miner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy F Hensel
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian P Gee
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, and the Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, and the Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Barese CN, Felizardo TC, Sellers SE, Keyvanfar K, Di Stasi A, Metzger ME, Krouse AE, Donahue RE, Spencer DM, Dunbar CE. Regulated apoptosis of genetically modified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells via an inducible caspase-9 suicide gene in rhesus macaques. Stem Cells 2015; 33:91-100. [PMID: 25330775 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The high risk of insertional oncogenesis reported in clinical trials using integrating retroviral vectors to genetically modify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) requires the development of safety strategies to minimize risks associated with novel cell and gene therapies. The ability to ablate genetically modified cells in vivo is desirable, should an abnormal clone emerge. Inclusion of "suicide genes" in vectors to facilitate targeted ablation of vector-containing abnormal clones in vivo is one potential safety approach. We tested whether the inclusion of the "inducible Caspase-9" (iCasp9) suicide gene in a gamma-retroviral vector facilitated efficient elimination of vector-containing HSPCs and their hematopoietic progeny in vivo long-term, in an autologous non-human primate transplantation model. Following stable engraftment of iCasp9 expressing hematopoietic cells in rhesus macaques, administration of AP1903, a chemical inducer of dimerization able to activate iCasp9, specifically eliminated vector-containing cells in all hematopoietic lineages long-term, suggesting activity at the HSPC level. Between 75% and 94% of vector-containing cells were eliminated by well-tolerated AP1903 dosing, but lack of complete ablation was linked to lower iCasp9 expression in residual cells. Further investigation of resistance mechanisms demonstrated upregulation of Bcl-2 in hematopoietic cell lines transduced with the vector and resistant to AP1903 ablation. These results demonstrate both the potential and the limitations of safety approaches using iCasp9 to HSPC-targeted gene therapy settings, in a model with great relevance to clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia N Barese
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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30
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Hosokawa K, Muranski P, Feng X, Keyvanfar K, Townsley DM, Dumitriu B, Chen J, Kajigaya S, Taylor JG, Hourigan CS, Barrett AJ, Young NS. Identification of novel microRNA signatures linked to acquired aplastic anemia. Haematologica 2015; 100:1534-45. [PMID: 26354756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.126128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNA control and modulate immunity. MicroRNA have not been investigated in acquired aplastic anemia, a T-cell-mediated immune disease. Analysis of 84 microRNA expression levels in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of patients with aplastic anemia revealed concurrent down-regulation of miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-199a-5p (>3-fold change, P<0.05) in both T-cell populations, which were unique in aplastic anemia compared to other hematologic disorders. MiR-126-3p and miR-223-3p were down-regulated in CD4(+) T effector memory cells, and miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-223-3p were down-regulated in CD8(+) T effector memory and terminal effector cells. Successful immunosuppressive therapy was associated with restoration to normal expression levels of miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-223-3p (>2-fold change, P<0.05). In CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in aplastic anemia patients, MYC and PIK3R2 were up-regulated and proved to be targets of miR-145-5p and miR-126-3p, respectively. MiR-126-3p and miR-145-5p knockdown promoted proliferation and increased interferon-γ and granzyme B production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Our work describes previously unknown regulatory roles of microRNA in T-cell activation in aplastic anemia, which may open a new perspective for development of effective therapy. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT 01623167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hosokawa
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle M Townsley
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bogdan Dumitriu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James G Taylor
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher S Hourigan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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31
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Ito S, Barrett AJ, Dutra A, Pak E, Miner S, Keyvanfar K, Hensel NF, Rezvani K, Muranski P, Liu P, Larochelle A, Melenhorst JJ. Long term maintenance of myeloid leukemic stem cells cultured with unrelated human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2014; 14:95-104. [PMID: 25535865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support the growth and differentiation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here we studied the ability of MSCs to support the growth and survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in vitro. Primary leukemic blasts isolated from the peripheral blood of 8 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were co-cultured with equal numbers of irradiated MSCs derived from unrelated donor bone marrow, with or without cytokines for up to 6weeks. Four samples showed CD34(+)CD38(-) predominance, and four were predominantly CD34(+)CD38(+). CD34(+) CD38(-) predominant leukemia cells maintained the CD34(+) CD38(-) phenotype and were viable for 6weeks when co-cultured with MSCs compared to co-cultures with cytokines or medium only, which showed rapid differentiation and loss of the LSC phenotype. In contrast, CD34(+) CD38(+) predominant leukemic cells maintained the CD34(+)CD38(+) phenotype when co-cultured with MSCs alone, but no culture conditions supported survival beyond 4weeks. Cell cycle analysis showed that MSCs maintained a higher proportion of CD34(+) blasts in G0 than leukemic cells cultured with cytokines. AML blasts maintained in culture with MSCs for up to 6weeks engrafted NSG mice with the same efficiency as their non-cultured counterparts, and the original karyotype persisted after co-culture. Chemosensitivity and transwell assays suggest that MSCs provide pro-survival benefits to leukemic blasts through cell-cell contact. We conclude that MSCs support long-term maintenance of LSCs in vitro. This simple and inexpensive approach will facilitate basic investigation of LSCs and enable screening of novel therapeutic agents targeting LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amalia Dutra
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evgenia Pak
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha Miner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nancy F Hensel
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Liu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Joseph Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ito S, Bollard CM, Carlsten M, Melenhorst JJ, Biancotto A, Wang E, Chen J, Kotliarov Y, Cheung F, Xie Z, Marincola F, Tanimoto K, Battiwalla M, Olnes MJ, Perl S, Schum P, Hughes TE, Keyvanfar K, Hensel N, Muranski P, Young NS, Barrett AJ. Ultra-low dose interleukin-2 promotes immune-modulating function of regulatory T cells and natural killer cells in healthy volunteers. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1388-1395. [PMID: 24686272 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) expands regulatory T cells (Tregs) and natural killer (NK) cells after stem cell transplantation (SCT) and may reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We hypothesized that ultra-low dose (ULD) IL-2 could serve as an immune-modulating agent for stem cell donors to prevent GVHD following SCT. However, the safety, dose level, and immune signatures of ULD IL-2 in immune-competent healthy subjects remain unknown. Here, we have characterized the phenotype and function of Tregs and NK cells as well as the gene expression and cytokine profiles of 21 healthy volunteers receiving 50,000 to 200,000 units/m(2)/day IL-2 for 5 days. ULD IL-2 was well tolerated and induced a significant increase in the frequency of Tregs with increased suppressive function. There was a marked expansion of CD56(bright) NK cells with enhanced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Serum cytokine profiling demonstrated increase of IFN-γ induced protein 10 (IP-10). Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in a highly restricted set of genes, including FOXP3, IL-2RA, and CISH. This is the first study to evaluate global immune-modulating function of ULD IL-2 in healthy subjects and to support the future studies administrating ULD IL-2 to stem cell donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawa Ito
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Joseph Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angélique Biancotto
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuri Kotliarov
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Xie
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kazushi Tanimoto
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew J Olnes
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Current address: Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Shira Perl
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula Schum
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas E Hughes
- Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Hensel
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Tanimoto K, Muranski P, Miner S, Fujiwara H, Kajigaya S, Keyvanfar K, Hensel N, Barrett AJ, Melenhorst JJ. Genetically engineered fixed K562 cells: potent "off-the-shelf" antigen-presenting cells for generating virus-specific T cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 16:135-46. [PMID: 24176543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The human leukemia cell line K562 represents an attractive platform for creating artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC). It is readily expandable, does not express human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II and can be stably transduced with various genes. METHODS In order to generate cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy, we transduced K562 with HLA-A∗0201 in combination with co-stimulatory molecules. RESULTS In preliminary experiments, irradiated K562 expressing HLA-A∗0201 and 4-1BBL pulsed with CMV pp65 and IE-1 peptide libraries failed to elicit antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells in HLA-A∗0201⁺ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or isolated T cells. Both wild-type K562 and aAPC strongly inhibited T cell proliferation to the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and OKT3 and in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Transwell experiments suggested that suppression was mediated by a soluble factor; however, MLR inhibition was not reversed using transforming growth factor-β blocking antibody or prostaglandin E2 inhibitors. Full abrogation of the suppressive activity of K562 on MLR, SEB and OKT3 stimulation was only achieved by brief fixation with 0.1% formaldehyde. Fixed, pp65 and IE-1 peptide-loaded aAPC induced robust expansion of CMV-specific T cells. CONCLUSIONS Fixed gene-modified K562 can serve as effective aAPC to expand CMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for therapeutic use in patients after stem cell transplantation. Our findings have implications for broader understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms used by leukemia and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Tanimoto
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha Miner
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Bioregulatory Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Hensel
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J Joseph Melenhorst
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ito S, Hensel N, Battiwalla M, Melenhorst J, Muranski P, Miner S, Tanimoto K, Yin F, Keyvanfar K, Koklanaris L, Superata J, Haggerty J, Bollard CM, Barrett AJ. Ultra-Low Dose IL-2 Expands Natural Regulatory T Cells and CD56bright NK Cells in Patients and Healthy Donors and Is Associated with Clinical Improvement in Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Herishanu Y, Gibellini F, Njuguna N, Hazan-Halevy I, Farooqui M, Bern S, Keyvanfar K, Lee E, Wilson W, Wiestner A. Activation of CD44, a receptor for extracellular matrix components, protects chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from spontaneous and drug induced apoptosis through MCL-1. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1758-69. [PMID: 21649540 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.569962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Survival of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in vivo is supported by the tissue microenvironment, which includes components of the extracellular matrix. Interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix are in part mediated by CD44, whose principal ligand is hyaluronic acid. Here, we show that CD44 is more highly expressed on CLL cells of the clinically more progressive immunglobulin heavy chain variable gene (IGHV)-unmutated subtype than on cells of the IGHV-mutated type. Engagement of CD44 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathways and increased myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL-1) protein expression. Consistent with the induction of these anti-apoptotic mechanisms, CD44 protected CLL cells from spontaneous and fludarabine-induced apoptosis. Obatoclax, an antagonist of MCL-1, blocked the pro-survival effect of CD44. In addition, obatoclax synergized with fludarabine to induce apoptosis of CLL cells. In conclusion, components of the extracellular matrix may provide survival signals to CLL cells through engagement of CD44. Inhibition of MCL-1 is a promising strategy to reduce the anti-apoptotic effect of the microenvironment on CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Herishanu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD20892-1202, USA
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Erie AJ, Samsel L, Takaku T, Desierto MJ, Keyvanfar K, McCoy JP, Young NS, Chen J. MHC class II upregulation and colocalization with Fas in experimental models of immune-mediated bone marrow failure. Exp Hematol 2011; 39:837-49. [PMID: 21635935 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that γ-interferon (IFN-γ) promotes major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on bone marrow (BM) cell targets that facilitate T-cell-mediated BM destruction in immune-mediated BM failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allogeneic lymph node (LN) cells were infused into MHC- or minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched hosts to induce BM failure. MHC class II and Fas expression and cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. MHC class II-Fas colocalization was detected by ImageStream Imaging Flow Cytometry and other cell-to-cell associations were visualized by confocal microscopy. T-cell-mediated BM cell apoptosis and effects of IFN-γ on MHC class II-Fas colocalization on normal BM cells were studied using cell culture in vitro followed by conventional and imaging flow cytometry. RESULTS BM failure animals had significantly upregulated MHC class II expression on CD4(-)CD8(-)CD11b(-)CD45R(-) residual BM cells and significantly increased MHC class II-Fas colocalization on BM CD150(+) and CD34(+) hematopoietic cells. MHC class II(+)Fas(+) BM cells were closely associated with CD4(+) T cells in the BM of affected animals, and they were significantly more responsive to T-cell-mediated cell apoptosis relative to MHC class II(-)Fas(-) BM cells. Infusion of IFN-γ-deficient LN cells into minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched recipients resulted in no MHC class II-Fas upregulation and no clinically overt BM failure. Treatment with recombinant IFN-γ significantly increased both MHC class II-Fas coexpression and colocalization on normal BM cells. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ-stimulated MHC class II expression and MHC class II-Fas colocalization, which may facilitate T-cell-mediated cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Erie
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
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Melenhorst JJ, Scheinberg P, Williams A, Ambrozak DR, Keyvanfar K, Smith M, McCoy JP, Hensel NF, Douek DC, Barrett AJ. Alloreactivity across HLA barriers is mediated by both naïve and antigen-experienced T cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 17:800-9. [PMID: 21215812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
T cell responses to allogeneic targets arise predominantly from the naïve pool. However, in humans, the risk of graft-versus-host disease is increased if the donor has circulating T cells recognizing multiple persistent DNA viruses, suggesting that memory T cells also contribute to the alloresponse. To examine HLA alloreactivity, we used flow cytometry-based proliferation and cytokine production assays. We identified the clonal identity of virus-specific T cells cross-reacting with HLA-disparate targets by sequencing the T cell receptor β chains in virus-specific T cell lines restimulated with cognate and HLA-disparate targets and sorting these chains according to cytokine response. We confirmed that naïve T cells from cord blood and adult individuals responded to HLA-mismatched target cells. In addition, in adults, we identified memory T cells responding by cytokine release to HLA-mismatched targets both in direct assays and after 8 days of culture with allogeneic stimulator cells. Epstein-Barr virus-specific and cytomegalovirus-specific T cells, tested against a panel of 30 T cell antigen-presenting cells with a broad coverage of the most prominent HLA types, displayed specificity for certain mismatched HLA alleles. Sequencing of the T cell receptor β chain demonstrated a clonotypic identity of cells that responded to both viral and allogeneic stimulation. These findings show conclusively that alloresponses in humans are not confined to the naïve T cell subset, and that memory viral antigen-specific T cells can cross-react with specific mismatched HLA-peptide complexes not presenting with cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joseph Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA.
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Wan Z, Zhi N, Wong S, Keyvanfar K, Liu D, Raghavachari N, Munson PJ, Su S, Malide D, Kajigaya S, Young NS. Human parvovirus B19 causes cell cycle arrest of human erythroid progenitors via deregulation of the E2F family of transcription factors. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3530-44. [PMID: 20890043 DOI: 10.1172/jci41805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is the only human pathogenic parvovirus. It causes a wide spectrum of human diseases, including fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) in children and pure red cell aplasia in immunocompromised patients. B19V is highly erythrotropic and preferentially replicates in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Current understanding of how B19V interacts with cellular factors to regulate disease progression is limited, due to a lack of permissive cell lines and animal models. Here, we employed a recently developed primary human CD36(+) EPC culture system that is highly permissive for B19V infection to identify cellular factors that lead to cell cycle arrest after B19V infection. We found that B19V exploited the E2F family of transcription factors by downregulating activating E2Fs (E2F1 to E2F3a) and upregulating repressive E2Fs (E2F4 to E2F8) in the primary CD36(+) EPCs. B19V nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) was a key viral factor responsible for altering E2F1-E2F5 expression, but not E2F6-E2F8 expression. Interaction between NS1 and E2F4 or E2F5 enhanced the nuclear import of these repressive E2Fs and induced stable G₂ arrest. NS1-induced G₂ arrest was independent of p53 activation and increased viral replication. Downstream E2F4/E2F5 targets, which are potentially involved in the progression from G₂ into M phase and erythroid differentiation, were identified by microarray analysis. These findings provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of B19V in highly permissive erythroid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1652, USA
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Wong S, Keyvanfar K, Wan Z, Kajigaya S, Young NS, Zhi N. Establishment of an erythroid cell line from primary CD36+ erythroid progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2010; 38:994-1005.e1-2. [PMID: 20696208 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most continuous cell lines with erythroid characteristics are derived from patients with myelogenous leukemia or erythroleukemia. Among them, a few cell lines have been reported to be positive for CD36. We tried to establish a continuous erythroid cell line from the primary CD36(+) erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) by the lentivirus-mediated gene transduction system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A lentiviral vector carrying SV40T, hTERT, or the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 (E6/E7) viral oncogenes, was introduced into CD36(+) EPCs, singularly or combined. Transformed cells were characterized in terms of histology, phenotype, karyotype, and gene expression profile. RESULTS The lentiviral vector carrying HPV16 E6/E7 genes successfully transformed CD36(+) EPCs, creating a continuous cell line, CD36E. Immunophenotype analysis revealed that the CD36E cells had characteristics of erythroid progenitors, among which about 27% of the cell population produced hemoglobin. Colony-forming cell assay demonstrated that the CD36E cells were capable of forming erythroid colonies. Using cytokines or chemical agents, attempts were made to induce differentiation of the CD36E cells but were ineffective, indicating the irreversible erythroid lineage commitment of the cells. The gene expression profile of the CD36E cells displayed a marked difference from that of the CD36(+) EPCs. CONCLUSIONS The continuous CD36E cell line is an erythroid progenitor cell line possessing the ability to produce hemoglobin. The CD36E cell line would be an excellent tool for applied research involving erythroid lineage cells and comparative studies with primary CD36(+) EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Aue G, Njuguna N, Tian X, Soto S, Hughes T, Vire B, Keyvanfar K, Gibellini F, Valdez J, Boss C, Samsel L, McCoy JP, Wilson WH, Pittaluga S, Wiestner A. Lenalidomide-induced upregulation of CD80 on tumor cells correlates with T-cell activation, the rapid onset of a cytokine release syndrome and leukemic cell clearance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2009; 94:1266-73. [PMID: 19734418 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.005835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic lymphocytic leukemia lenalidomide causes striking immune activation, possibly leading to clearance of tumor cells. We conducted this study to investigate the mechanism of action of lenalidomide and the basis for its unique toxicities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated with lenalidomide 20 mg (n=10) or 10 mg (n=8) daily for 3 weeks on a 6-week cycle. Correlative studies assessed expression of co-stimulatory molecules on tumor cells, T-cell activation, cytokine levels, and changes in lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS Lenalidomide upregulated the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma cells but not on normal peripheral blood B cells in vitro. T-cell activation was apparent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, weak in mantle cell lymphoma, but absent in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and correlated with the upregulation of CD80 on B cells. Strong CD80 upregulation and T-cell activation predicted more severe side effects, manifesting in 83% of patients as a cytokine release syndrome within 8-72 h after the first dose of lenalidomide. Serum levels of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, increased during treatment. CD80 upregulation on tumor cells correlated with rapid clearance of leukemic cells from the peripheral blood. In contrast, neither the severity of the cytokine release syndrome nor the degree of T-cell activation in vitro correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of CD80 on tumor cells and T-cell activation correlate with unique toxicities of lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, T-cell activation appears to be dispensable for the drug's anti-tumor effects. This provides a rationale for combinations of lenalidomide with fludarabine or alemtuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA
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Visconte V, Raghavachari N, Liu D, Keyvanfar K, Desierto MJ, Chen J, Young NS. Phenotypic and functional characterization of a mouse model of targeted Pig-a deletion in hematopoietic cells. Haematologica 2009; 95:214-23. [PMID: 19679885 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.011650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic mutation in the X-linked phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (PIG-A) causes glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor deficiency in human patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. DESIGN AND METHODS We produced an animal model of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria by conditional Pig-a gene inactivation (Pig-a(-/-)) in hematopoietic cells; mice carrying two lox sites flanking exon 6 of the Pig-a gene were bred with mice carrying the transgene Cre-recombinase under the human c-fes promoter. We characterized the phenotypic and functional properties of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-deficient and glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-normal hematopoietic cells from these Pig-a(-/-) mice using gene expression microarray, flow cytometry, bone marrow transplantation, spectratyping, and immunoblotting. RESULTS In comparison to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-normal bone marrow cells, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-deficient bone marrow cells from the same Pig-a(-/-) animals showed up-regulation of the expression of immune function genes and contained a significantly higher proportion of CD8 T cells. Both characteristics were maintained when glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-deficient cells were transplanted into lethally-irradiated recipients. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-deficient T cells were inactive, showed pronounced Vbeta5.1/5.2 skewing, had fewer gamma-interferon-producing cells after lectin stimulation, and contained fewer CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. However, the levels of T-cell receptor signaling proteins from glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-deficient cells were normal relative to glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-normal cells from wild type animals, and cells were capable of inducing target cell apoptosis in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of the Pig-a gene in hematopoietic cells does not cause frank marrow failure but leads to the appearance of clonally-restricted, inactive yet functionally competent CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Visconte
- Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202 USA.
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Yong A, Keyvanfar K, Hensel N, Eniafe R, Savani B, Berg M, Lundqvist A, Adams S, Sloand E, Goldman J, Childs R, Barrett A. Bortezomib Treatment Of Primitive Quiescent CD34+ Cell S In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Enhances Targeting By In Vitro Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cell S. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.12.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen J, Ellison FM, Keyvanfar K, Omokaro SO, Desierto MJ, Eckhaus MA, Young NS. Enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells with SLAM and LSK markers for the detection of hematopoietic stem cell function in normal and Trp53 null mice. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1236-43. [PMID: 18562080 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo in C57BL/6 (B6) and Trp53-deficient (Trp53 null) mice by using two HSC enrichment schemes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow (BM) Lin-CD41-CD48-CD150+ (signaling lymphocyte activation molecules [SLAM]), Lin-CD41-CD48-CD150- (SLAM-) and Lin-Sca1+CD117+ (LSK) cells were defined by fluorescence-activated cell staining (FACS). Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also analyzed by FACS. Sorted SLAM, SLAM-, and LSK cells were tested in vivo in the competitive repopulation (CR) and serial transplantation assays. RESULTS SLAM cell fraction was 0.0078%+/-0.0010% and 0.0135%+/-0.0010% of total BM cells in B6 and Trp53 null mice, and was highly correlated (R2=0.7116) with LSK cells. CD150+ BM cells also contained more ROSlow cells than did CD150- cells. B6 SLAM cells repopulated recipients much better than B6 SLAM- cells, showing high HSC enrichment. B6 SLAM cells also engrafted recipients better than Trp53 null SLAM cells in the CR and the follow-up serial transplantation assays. Similarly, LSK cells from B6 donors also had higher repopulating ability than those from Trp53 null donors. However, whole BM cells from the same B6 and Trp53 null donors showed the opposite functional trend in recipient engraftment. CONCLUSION Both SLAM and LSK marker sets can enrich HSCs from B6 and Trp53 mice. Deficiency of Trp53 upregulates HSC self-renewal but causes no gain of HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA.
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Yong ASM, Keyvanfar K, Eniafe R, Savani BN, Rezvani K, Sloand EM, Goldman JM, Barrett AJ. Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors of chronic myeloid leukemia express leukemia-associated antigens: implications for the graft-versus-leukemia effect and peptide vaccine-based immunotherapy. Leukemia 2008; 22:1721-7. [PMID: 18548092 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cure of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is attributed to graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects targeting alloantigens and/or leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) on leukemia cells. To assess the potential of LAA-peptide vaccines in eliminating leukemia in CML patients, we measured WT1, PR3, ELA2 and PRAME expression in CD34+ progenitor subpopulations in CML patients and compared them with minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs) HA1 and SMCY. All CD34+ subpopulations expressed similar levels of mHAgs irrespective of disease phase, suggesting that in the SCT setting, mHAgs are the best target for GVL. Furthermore, WT1 was consistently overexpressed in advanced phase (AdP) CML in all CD34+ subpopulations, and mature progenitors of chronic phase (CP) CML compared to healthy individuals. PRAME overexpression was limited to more mature AdP-CML progenitors only. Conversely, only CP-CML progenitors had PR3 overexpression, suggesting that PR1-peptide vaccines are only appropriate in CP-CML. Surface expression of WT1 protein in the most primitive hematopoietic stem cells in AdP-CML suggest that they could be targets for WT1 peptide-based vaccines, which in combination with PRAME, could additionally improve targeting differentiated progeny, and benefit patients responding suboptimally to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or enhance GVL effects in SCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Yong
- Stem Cell Allotransplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, M20892-1202, USA.
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Feng X, Kajigaya S, Solomou EE, Keyvanfar K, Xu X, Raghavachari N, Munson PJ, Herndon TM, Chen J, Young NS. Rabbit ATG but not horse ATG promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ regulatory T cells in vitro. Blood 2008; 111:3675-83. [PMID: 18250226 PMCID: PMC2275026 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-130146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play important roles in suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) and horse ATG (hATG) are widely used in the treatment of immune-mediated syndromes, but their effects on Treg are unknown. We show here that in vitro culture of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with a low-dose rATG resulted in marked expansion of functional Treg by converting CD4+CD25- T cells to CD4+CD25+ T cells. hATG did not expand but rather decreased Treg. Immuno-blot showed increased expression of FOXP3 and NFAT1 in CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells exposed to rATG. PBMCs treated with rATG displayed increased interleukin-10 in culture supernatants than those treated with hATG. Furthermore, rATG and hATG showed differences in their potential to stimulate CD4+ T cells as examined using different activation markers. Microarray revealed that rATG induced markedly different gene-expression patterns in PBMCs, compared with hATG-treated or untreated PBMCs. Our findings indicate that rATG expanded Treg, probably through transcriptional regulation by enhanced NFAT1 expression, in turn conferring CD4+CD25- T cell FOXP3 expression and regulatory activity. The therapeutic effects of rATG may occur not only because of lymphocyte depletion but also enhanced Treg cell number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Chen J, Ellison FM, Eckhaus MA, Smith AL, Keyvanfar K, Calado RT, Young NS. Minor antigen h60-mediated aplastic anemia is ameliorated by immunosuppression and the infusion of regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2007; 178:4159-68. [PMID: 17371972 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow (BM) failure mediated by the immune system can be modeled in mice. In the present study, infusion of lymph node (LN) cells from C57BL/6 mice into C.B10-H2(b)/LilMcd (C.B10) recipients that are mismatched at multiple minor histocompatibility Ags, including the immunodominant Ag H60, produced fatal aplastic anemia. Declining blood counts correlated with marked expansion and activation of CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant minor histocompatibility Ag H60. Infusion of LN cells from H60-matched donors did not produce BM failure in C.B10 mice, whereas isolated H60-specific CTL were cytotoxic for normal C.B10 BM cells in vitro. Treatment with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine abolished H60-specific T cell expansion and rescued animals from fatal pancytopenia. The development of BM failure was associated with a significant increase in activated CD4+CD25+ T cells that did not express intracellular FoxP3, whereas inclusion of normal CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in combination with C57BL/6 LN cells aborted H60-specific T cell expansion and prevented BM destruction. Thus, a single minor histocompatibility Ag H60 mismatch can trigger an immune response leading to massive BM destruction. Immunosuppressive drug treatment or enhancement of regulatory T cell function abrogated this pathophysiology and protected animals from the development of BM failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Chen
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH Building 10, Clinical Research Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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47
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Rezvani K, Yong ASM, Savani BN, Mielke S, Keyvanfar K, Gostick E, Price DA, Douek DC, Barrett AJ. Graft-versus-leukemia effects associated with detectable Wilms tumor-1 specific T lymphocytes after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2007; 110:1924-32. [PMID: 17505014 PMCID: PMC1976363 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-076844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether the leukemia-associated Wilms tumor antigen (WT1) contributes to a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we studied CD8(+) T-cell responses to WT1 in 10 human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-positive ALL patients during the early phase of immune recovery after SCT (days 30-120). Seven of 10 patients had detectable WT1 expression in their peripheral blood (PB) before SCT by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Using WT1/HLA-A*0201 tetramers and intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) staining, WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell responses after SCT were found only in patients with detectable WT1 expression before SCT (5 of 7 vs. 0 of 3; P < .05). To monitor the kinetics of WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell responses and disease regression after SCT, absolute WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell numbers and WT1 expression were studied for each time point. The emergence of WT1(+) CD8(+) T cells was associated with a decrease in WT1 expression, suggesting a WT1-driven GVL effect. Loss of WT1(+) CD8(+) T-cell responses was associated with reappearance of WT1 transcripts, consistent with a molecular relapse (P < .001). WT1(+) CD8(+) T cells had a predominantly effector-memory phenotype (CD45RO(+) CD27(-)CD57(+)) and produced IFN-gamma. Our results support the immunogenicity of WT1 after SCT for ALL and highlight the potential for WT1 vaccines to boost GVL after SCT for ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Allotransplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1201, USA.
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48
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Solomou EE, Rezvani K, Mielke S, Malide D, Keyvanfar K, Visconte V, Kajigaya S, Barrett AJ, Young NS. Deficient CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells in acquired aplastic anemia. Blood 2007; 110:1603-6. [PMID: 17463169 PMCID: PMC1975843 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-01-066258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells are believed to control the development and progression of autoimmunity by suppressing autoreactive T cells. Decreased numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+) FOXP3(+) T cells (Tregs) are associated with impaired immune homeostasis and development of autoimmune diseases. The transcription factors FOXP3 and NFAT1 have key roles in regulatory T-cell development and function. We show that Tregs are decreased at presentation in almost all patients with aplastic anemia; FOXP3 protein and mRNA levels also are significantly lower in patients with aplastic anemia and NFAT1 protein levels are decreased or absent. Transfection of FOXP3-deficient CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from patients with a plasmid encoding wild-type NFAT1 resulted in increased FOXP3 expression in these cells. By NFAT1 knockdown in CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, FOXP3 expression was decreased when NFAT1 expression was decreased. Our findings indicate that decreased NFAT1 could explain low FOXP3 expression and diminished Treg frequency in aplastic anemia. Treg defects are now implicated in autoimmune marrow failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Solomou
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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49
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Scheinberg P, Melenhorst JJ, Hill BJ, Keyvanfar K, Barrett AJ, Price DA, Douek DC. The clonal composition of human CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells determined by a comprehensive DNA-based multiplex PCR for TCRB gene rearrangements. J Immunol Methods 2007; 321:107-20. [PMID: 17316678 PMCID: PMC4402232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of CD4+ regulatory T cells (T(R)) has been limited due to the RNA degradation that results following permeabilization and fixation as routinely used for intracellular staining of Foxp3. In the present study the clonal composition of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) CD4+ T(R) and non-T(R) was characterized by a DNA-based multiplex PCR which allowed for the consistent clonotypic characterization of cells that have undergone fixation and permeabilization. To validate this method, CD8+ T cells from two HLA A()0201 individuals were sorted and compared clonotypically based upon their ability either to secrete interferon-gamma in response to a CMV pp65 epitope or to bind to the corresponding pMHC I tetramer. Clonotypes shared between the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3- subsets were observed in all 3 UCB and in one adult PBMCs, suggesting that naïve and memory CD4+ T(R) can share the same clonotypes as CD4+ non-T(R) in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells/immunology
- DNA Primers
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping/methods
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- RNA Stability
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Reproducibility of Results
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Scheinberg
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jan J. Melenhorst
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brenna J. Hill
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keyvan Keyvanfar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - A. John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David A. Price
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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50
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Erie EA, Shim H, Smith AL, Lin X, Keyvanfar K, Xie C, Chen J, Cai H. Mice deficient in the ALS2 gene exhibit lymphopenia and abnormal hematopietic function. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 182:226-31. [PMID: 17156857 PMCID: PMC1796843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One form of juvenile onset autosomal recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS2) has been linked to the dysfunction of the ALS2 gene. The ALS2 gene is expressed in lymphoblasts, however, whether ALS2-deficiency affects periphery blood is unclear. Here we report that ALS2 knockout (ALS2(-/-)) mice developed peripheral lymphopenia but had higher proportions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in which the stem cell factor-induced cell proliferation was up-regulated. Our findings reveal a novel function of the ALS2 gene in the lymphopoiesis and hematopoiesis, suggesting that the immune system is involved in the pathogenesis of ALS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Erie
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1202, USA
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