151
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Fricke J, Pohlmann K, Jonescheit NA, Ellert A, Joksch B, Luttmann R. Designing a fully automated multi‐bioreactor plant for fast DoE optimization of pharmaceutical protein production. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:738-47. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fricke
- HAW‐Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Reiner Luttmann
- HAW‐Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
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152
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Barrigón JM, Montesinos JL, Valero F. Searching the best operational strategies for Rhizopus oryzae lipase production in Pichia pastoris Mut+ phenotype: Methanol limited or methanol non-limited fed-batch cultures? Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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153
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Niu H, Jost L, Pirlot N, Sassi H, Daukandt M, Rodriguez C, Fickers P. A quantitative study of methanol/sorbitol co-feeding process of a Pichia pastoris Mut⁺/pAOX1-lacZ strain. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:33. [PMID: 23565774 PMCID: PMC3639866 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main challenges for heterologous protein production by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris at large-scale is related to its high oxygen demand. A promising solution is a co-feeding strategy based on a methanol/sorbitol mixture during the induction phase. Nonetheless, a deep understanding of the cellular physiology and the regulation of the AOX1 promoter, used to govern heterologous protein production, during this co-feeding strategy is still scarce. Results Transient continuous cultures with a dilution rate of 0.023 h-1 at 25°C were performed to quantitatively assess the benefits of a methanol/sorbitol co-feeding process with a Mut+ strain in which the pAOX1-lacZ construct served as a reporter gene. Cell growth and metabolism, including O2 consumption together with CO2 and heat production were analyzed with regard to a linear change of methanol fraction in the mixed feeding media. In addition, the regulation of the promoter AOX1 was investigated by means of β-galactosidase measurements. Our results demonstrated that the cell-specific oxygen consumption (qO2) could be reduced by decreasing the methanol fraction in the feeding media. More interestingly, maximal β-galactosidase cell-specific activity (>7500 Miller unit) and thus, optimal pAOX1 induction, was achieved and maintained in the range of 0.45 ~ 0.75 C-mol/C-mol of methanol fraction. In addition, the qO2 was reduced by 30% at most in those conditions. Based on a simplified metabolic network, metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was performed to quantify intracellular metabolic flux distributions during the transient continuous cultures, which further shed light on the advantages of methanol/sorbitol co-feeding process. Finally, our observations were further validated in fed-batch cultures. Conclusion This study brings quantitative insight into the co-feeding process, which provides valuable data for the control of methanol/sorbitol co-feeding, aiming at enhancing biomass and heterologous protein productivities under given oxygen supply. According to our results, β-galactosidase productivity could be improved about 40% using the optimally mixed feed.
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154
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Charoenrat T, Khumruaengsri N, Promdonkoy P, Rattanaphan N, Eurwilaichitr L, Tanapongpipat S, Roongsawang N. Improvement of recombinant endoglucanase produced in Pichia pastoris KM71 through the use of synthetic medium for inoculum and pH control of proteolysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:193-8. [PMID: 23548272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The long lag time in basal salts medium (BSM) and an occurrence of proteolysis are major problems for recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris KM71. In this study, optimal conditions were explored for fed-batch cultivation of recombinant fungal endoglucanase in P. pastoris KM71. It was found that lag and process times were much reduced when the synthetic FM22 medium was used for the inoculum compared with enriched buffered glycerol complex (BMGY) medium. The highest endoglucanase activity was obtained at 30°C which was more than 10 fold higher than that produced from shake flask. At 30°C, the specific endoglucanase activity was dependent on culture pH and a higher specific activity was observed at pH 5.0 than at pH 6.0. The higher activity was likely due to lower rate of proteolysis, since a truncated protein species was apparent at pH 6.0, but not pH 5.0. Thus, production of endoglucanase at 30°C and pH 5.0 is the optimal condition suitable for economical production in large scale. The combination of using synthetic FM22 medium for inoculum and proteolysis control by growth at lower pH could be applied for production of other recombinant proteins in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theppanya Charoenrat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Center, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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155
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Jordà J, Suarez C, Carnicer M, ten Pierick A, Heijnen JJ, van Gulik W, Ferrer P, Albiol J, Wahl A. Glucose-methanol co-utilization in Pichia pastoris studied by metabolomics and instationary ¹³C flux analysis. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:17. [PMID: 23448228 PMCID: PMC3626722 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown that the utilization of mixed carbon feeds instead of methanol as sole carbon source is beneficial for protein production with the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. In particular, growth under mixed feed conditions appears to alleviate the metabolic burden related to stress responses triggered by protein overproduction and secretion. Yet, detailed analysis of the metabolome and fluxome under mixed carbon source metabolizing conditions are missing. To obtain a detailed flux distribution of central carbon metabolism, including the pentose phosphate pathway under methanol-glucose conditions, we have applied metabolomics and instationary 13C flux analysis in chemostat cultivations. Results Instationary 13C-based metabolic flux analysis using GC-MS and LC-MS measurements in time allowed for an accurate mapping of metabolic fluxes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate and methanol assimilation pathways. Compared to previous results from NMR-derived stationary state labelling data (proteinogenic amino acids, METAFoR) more fluxes could be determined with higher accuracy. Furthermore, using a thermodynamic metabolic network analysis the metabolite measurements and metabolic flux directions were validated. Notably, the concentration of several metabolites of the upper glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway increased under glucose-methanol feeding compared to the reference glucose conditions, indicating a shift in the thermodynamic driving forces. Conversely, the extracellular concentrations of all measured metabolites were lower compared with the corresponding exometabolome of glucose-grown P. pastoris cells. The instationary 13C flux analysis resulted in fluxes comparable to previously obtained from NMR datasets of proteinogenic amino acids, but allowed several additional insights. Specifically, i) in vivo metabolic flux estimations were expanded to a larger metabolic network e.g. by including trehalose recycling, which accounted for about 1.5% of the glucose uptake rate; ii) the reversibility of glycolytic/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathways reactions was estimated, revealing a significant gluconeogenic flux from the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glyceraldehydes phosphate pool to glucose-6P. The origin of this finding could be carbon recycling from the methanol assimilatory pathway to the pentose phosphate pool. Additionally, high exchange fluxes of oxaloacetate with aspartate as well as malate indicated amino acid pool buffering and the activity of the malate/Asp shuttle; iii) the ratio of methanol oxidation vs utilization appeared to be lower (54 vs 79% assimilated methanol directly oxidized to CO2). Conclusions In summary, the application of instationary 13C-based metabolic flux analysis to P. pastoris provides an experimental framework with improved capabilities to explore the regulation of the carbon and energy metabolism of this yeast, particularly for the case of methanol and multicarbon source metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jordà
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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156
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Transcriptional investigation of the effect of mixed feeding to identify the main cellular stresses on recombinant Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:183-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Heterologous protein expression using Pichia pastoris causes metabolic stress on the physiology of host cells, which may compromise the yields of secreted foreign proteins. Thus, understanding these metabolic stresses during secretory expression allows us to circumvent these undesirable effects. We investigated the effect of co-feeding two alternative carbon resources, sorbitol and yeast extract (YE), on the physiology of A3, a P. pastoris strain carrying 18 copies of the porcine insulin precursor (PIP) gene. Comparative transcriptional analysis was performed on 13 selected genes involved in important cellular processes. Results showed that co-feeding of either sorbitol or YE along with methanol improved the performance of A3. The co-feeding of YE enhanced the specific growth rate of A3 and the specific PIP productivity. However, the oxidative stress in the yeast cells increased. The co-feeding of methanol and sorbitol increased the specific growth rate of A3 but did not affect the specific PIP productivity. The transcriptional results suggested that sorbitol may have repressed the expression of foreign proteins. These observations will not only guide the application of mixed feeding strategies but also give a deeper understanding of the metabolic burden in the secretory expression of foreign proteins.
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157
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Gasser B, Prielhofer R, Marx H, Maurer M, Nocon J, Steiger M, Puxbaum V, Sauer M, Mattanovich D. Pichia pastoris: protein production host and model organism for biomedical research. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:191-208. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris is the most frequently used yeast system for heterologous protein production today. The last few years have seen several products based on this platform reach approval as biopharmaceutical drugs. Successful glycoengineering to humanize N-glycans is further fuelling this development. However, detailed understanding of the yeast’s physiology, genetics and regulation has only developed rapidly in the last few years since published genome sequences have become available. An expanding toolbox of genetic elements and strains for the improvement of protein production is being generated, including promoters, gene copy-number enhancement, gene knockout and high-throughput methods. Protein folding and secretion have been identified as significant bottlenecks in yeast expression systems, pinpointing a major target for strain optimization. At the same time, it has become obvious that P. pastoris, as an evolutionarily more ‘ancient’ yeast, may in some cases be a better model for human cell biology and disease than Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Gasser
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Prielhofer
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Maurer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), 1190 Vienna, Austria
- University of Applied Sciences FH-Campus Vienna, School of Bioengineering, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Justyna Nocon
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Steiger
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Puxbaum
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Diethard Mattanovich
- University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences (BOKU), Department of Biotechnology, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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158
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Prielhofer R, Maurer M, Klein J, Wenger J, Kiziak C, Gasser B, Mattanovich D. Induction without methanol: novel regulated promoters enable high-level expression in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:5. [PMID: 23347568 PMCID: PMC3615954 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inducible high-level expression is favoured for recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris. Therefore, novel regulated promoters are desired, ideally repressing heterologous gene expression during initial growth and enabling it in the production phase. In a typical large scale fed-batch culture repression is desired during the batch phase where cells grow on a surplus of e.g. glycerol, while heterologous gene expression should be active in the feed phase under carbon (e.g. glucose) limitation. Results DNA microarray analysis of P. pastoris wild type cells growing in glycerol-based batch and glucose-based fed batch was used for the identification of genes with both, strong repression on glycerol and high-level expression in the feed phase. Six novel glucose-limit inducible promoters were successfully applied to express the intracellular reporter eGFP. The highest expression levels together with strong repression in pre-culture were achieved with the novel promoters PG1 and PG6. Human serum albumin (HSA) was used to characterize the promoters with an industrially relevant secreted protein. A PG1 clone with two gene copies reached about 230% of the biomass specific HSA titer in glucose-based fed batch fermentation compared to a PGAP clone with identical gene copy number, while PG6 only achieved 39%. Two clones each carrying eleven gene copies, expressing HSA under control of PG1 and PG6 respectively were generated by post-transformational vector amplification. They produced about 1.0 and 0.7 g L-1 HSA respectively in equal fed batch processes. The suitability in production processes was also verified with HyHEL antibody Fab fragment for PG1 and with porcine carboxypeptidase B for PG6. Moreover, the molecular function of the gene under the control of PG1 was determined to encode a high-affinity glucose transporter and named GTH1. Conclusions A set of novel regulated promoters, enabling induction without methanol, was successfully identified by using DNA microarrays and shown to be suitable for high level expression of recombinant proteins in glucose-based protein production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Prielhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
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159
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Scl gene construction, expression and effect on hemangioma. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3381-8. [PMID: 23271126 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hemangioma is a tumor that causes vascular endothelial cell hyperplasia, which commonly occur in newborns. Angiogenesis inhibitor targets the processes of angiogenesis, including the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. A DNA sequence named Scl was designed, recombined into Pichia Pastoris, expressed by fermenting the engineered strain in a bioreactor, and purified the recombinant Scl by SP-sepharose fast flow. Scl can inhibit CAM angiogenesis. Only 1 μg of Scl significantly suppressed the growth of CAM blood vessel, similar to that of 25 μg of angiostatin. Scl showed a strong cytotoxicity on hemangioma cell (ATCC CRL No. 2587). After the drug acted for 24 h, the OD 570 measured value of the PBS control group averaged 1.873, whereas that of the Sc1 drug group was 0.692 (P < 0.01). Using the DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System, the detection results showed that 92 % of hemangioma cell apoptosis was observed in the Scl protein group, but only 1.3 % in the PBS control group (P < 0.01). After 2 weeks of treatment with the hemangioma model (cock's wattle) of the PBS group, 151 blood vessels with 100 views (40×) were obtained, whereas 250 in the PBS group (P < 0.01). During the two-week medication, the hemangioma model of the PBS group increased by 1.18 cm, whereas only 0.58 cm in the Scl drug group (P < 0.01).
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160
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Lopes M, Belo I, Mota M. Batch and fed-batch growth of Pichia pastoris under increased air pressure. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1267-75. [PMID: 23239259 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pichia pastoris CBS 2612 behavior under air pressures of 1, 3 and 5 bar in culture media of glycerol (pure and crude) and methanol was studied. Generally, the increase in oxygen transfer rate due to the increase of total pressure improved cellular growth for all carbon sources and for batch and fed-batch processes with different feeding rate strategies. In batch cultures, 1.4-, 1.2-, and 1.5-fold improvement in biomass production was obtained with the increase of air pressure up to 5 bar, using methanol, pure glycerol, and crude glycerol, respectively. The increase of air pressure to 5 bar using exponential feeding rate led to 1.4-fold improvement in biomass yield per glycerol mass consumed, for crude and pure glycerol. The current low cost of crude glycerol from the biodiesel production together with the present results shows the possibility of improving cell mass production of P. pastoris using increased air pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Lopes
- Centre of Biological Engineering, Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering IBB, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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161
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Production of recombinant proteins by yeast cells. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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162
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Yin H, Liu Z, Zhang A, Zhang T, Luo J, Shen J, Chen L, Zhou B, Fu X, Fu C, Zhang Z. Intracellular expression and purification of the Canstatin-N protein in Pichia pastoris. Gene 2012; 504:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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163
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Carnicer M, Ten Pierick A, van Dam J, Heijnen JJ, Albiol J, van Gulik W, Ferrer P. Quantitative metabolomics analysis of amino acid metabolism in recombinant Pichia pastoris under different oxygen availability conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:83. [PMID: 22704468 PMCID: PMC3538582 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental and intrinsic stress factors can result in the global alteration of yeast physiology, as evidenced by several transcriptional studies. Hypoxia has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the expression of recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris growing on glucose. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling analyses revealed that oxygen availability was strongly affecting ergosterol biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism and stress responses, in particular the unfolded protein response. To contribute to the better understanding of the effect and interplay of oxygen availability and foreign protein secretion on central metabolism, a first quantitative metabolomic analysis of free amino acids pools in a recombinant P. pastoris strain growing under different oxygen availability conditions has been performed. Results The values obtained indicate significant variations in the intracellular amino acid pools due to different oxygen availability conditions, showing an overall increase of their size under oxygen limitation. Notably, even while foreign protein productivities were relatively low (about 40–80 μg Fab/gDCW·h), recombinant protein production was found to have a limited but significant impact on the intracellular amino acid pools, which were generally decreased in the producing strain compared with the reference strain. However, observed changes in individual amino acids pools were not correlated with their corresponding relative abundance in the recombinant protein sequence, but to the overall cell protein amino acid compositional variations. Conclusions Overall, the results obtained, combined with previous transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide a systematic metabolic fingerprint of the oxygen availability impact on recombinant protein production in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carnicer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain
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164
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Zalai D, Dietzsch C, Herwig C, Spadiut O. A dynamic fed batch strategy for a Pichia pastoris mixed feed system to increase process understanding. Biotechnol Prog 2012; 28:878-86. [PMID: 22505140 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mixed substrate feeding strategies are frequently investigated to enhance the productivity of recombinant Pichia pastoris processes. For this purpose, numerous fed batch experiments or time-consuming continuous cultivations are required to optimize control parameters such as the substrate mixing ratio and the applied methanol concentration. In this study, we decoupled the feeding of methanol and glycerol in a mixed substrate fed batch environment to gain process understanding for a recombinant P. pastoris Muts strain producing the model enzyme horseradish peroxidase. Specific substrate uptake rates (qs) were controlled separately, and a stepwise increased qGly-control scheme was applied to investigate the effect of various substrate fluxes on the culture. The qs-controlled strategy allowed a parallel characterization of the metabolism and the recombinant protein expression in a fed batch environment. A critical-specific glycerol uptake rate was determined, where a decline of the specific productivity occurred, and a time-dependent acceleration of protein expression was characterized with the dynamic fed batch approach. Based on the observations on recombinant protein expression, propositions for an optimal feeding design to target maximal productivities were stated. Thus, the dynamic fed batch strategy was found to be a valuable tool for both process understanding and optimization of product formation for P. pastoris in a mixed substrate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Zalai
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
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165
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Application of adaptive DO-stat feeding control to Pichia pastoris X33 cultures expressing a single chain antibody fragment (scFv). Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 35:1603-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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166
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Jordà J, Jouhten P, Cámara E, Maaheimo H, Albiol J, Ferrer P. Metabolic flux profiling of recombinant protein secreting Pichia pastoris growing on glucose:methanol mixtures. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:57. [PMID: 22569166 PMCID: PMC3443025 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has emerged as one of the most promising yeast hosts for the production of heterologous proteins. Mixed feeds of methanol and a multicarbon source instead of methanol as sole carbon source have been shown to improve product productivities and alleviate metabolic burden derived from protein production. Nevertheless, systematic quantitative studies on the relationships between the central metabolism and recombinant protein production in P. pastoris are still rather limited, particularly when growing this yeast on mixed carbon sources, thus hampering future metabolic network engineering strategies for improved protein production. Results The metabolic flux distribution in the central metabolism of P. pastoris growing on a mixed feed of glucose and methanol was analyzed by Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) using 13C-NMR-derived constraints. For this purpose, we defined new flux ratios for methanol assimilation pathways in P. pastoris cells growing on glucose:methanol mixtures. By using this experimental approach, the metabolic burden caused by the overexpression and secretion of a Rhizopus oryzae lipase (Rol) in P. pastoris was further analyzed. This protein has been previously shown to trigger the unfolded protein response in P. pastoris. A series of 13C-tracer experiments were performed on aerobic chemostat cultivations with a control and two different Rol producing strains growing at a dilution rate of 0.09 h−1 using a glucose:methanol 80:20 (w/w) mix as carbon source. The MFA performed in this study reveals a significant redistristribution of carbon fluxes in the central carbon metabolism when comparing the two recombinant strains vs the control strain, reflected in increased glycolytic, TCA cycle and NADH regeneration fluxes, as well as higher methanol dissimilation rates. Conclusions Overall, a further 13C-based MFA development to characterise the central metabolism of methylotrophic yeasts when growing on mixed methanol:multicarbon sources has been implemented, thus providing a new tool for the investigation of the relationships between central metabolism and protein production. Specifically, the study points at a limited but significant impact of the conformational stress associated to secretion of recombinant proteins on the central metabolism, occurring even at modest production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Jordà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Escola d'Enginyeria
- , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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167
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Potvin G, Ahmad A, Zhang Z. Bioprocess engineering aspects of heterologous protein production in Pichia pastoris: A review. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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168
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Carnicer M, Canelas AB, ten Pierick A, Zeng Z, van Dam J, Albiol J, Ferrer P, Heijnen JJ, van Gulik W. Development of quantitative metabolomics for Pichia pastoris. Metabolomics 2012; 8:284-298. [PMID: 22448155 PMCID: PMC3291848 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-011-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, reliable and reproducible measurement of intracellular metabolite levels has become important for metabolic studies of microbial cell factories. A first critical step for metabolomic studies is the establishment of an adequate quenching and washing protocol, which ensures effective arrest of all metabolic activity and removal of extracellular metabolites, without causing leakage of metabolites from the cells. Five different procedures based on cold methanol quenching and cell separation by filtration were tested for metabolomics of Pichia pastoris regarding methanol content and temperature of the quenching solution as key parameters. Quantitative evaluation of these protocols was carried out through mass balance analysis, based on metabolite measurements in all sample fractions, those are whole broth, quenched and washed cells, culture filtrate and quenching and washing solution. Finally, the optimal method was used to study the time profiles of free amino acid and central carbon metabolism intermediates in glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Acceptable recoveries (>90%) were obtained for all quenching procedures tested. However, quenching at -27°C in 60% v/v methanol performed slightly better in terms of leakage minimization. We could demonstrate that five residence times under glucose limitation are enough to reach stable intracellular metabolite pools. Moreover, when comparing P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae metabolomes, under the same cultivation conditions, similar metabolite fingerprints were found in both yeasts, except for the lower glycolysis, where the levels of these metabolites in P. pastoris suggested an enzymatic capacity limitation in that part of the metabolism. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11306-011-0308-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carnicer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - André B. Canelas
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Angela ten Pierick
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Dam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Albiol
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Pau Ferrer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Joseph J. Heijnen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Walter van Gulik
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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A new methanol-feeding strategy for the improved production of β-galactosidase in high cell-density fed-batch cultures of Pichia pastoris Mut+ strains. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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170
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Bornert O, Alkhalfioui F, Logez C, Wagner R. Overexpression of Membrane Proteins Using
Pichia pastoris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 29:29.2.1-29.2.24. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2902s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bornert
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg—CNRS Illkirch France
| | - Fatima Alkhalfioui
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg—CNRS Illkirch France
| | - Christel Logez
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg—CNRS Illkirch France
| | - Renaud Wagner
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg—CNRS Illkirch France
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171
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Wang X, Sun Y, Ke F, Zhao H, Liu T, Xu L, Liu Y, Yan Y. Constitutive Expression of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase LIP2 in Pichia pastoris Using GAP as Promoter. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1355-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Darby RAJ, Cartwright SP, Dilworth MV, Bill RM. Which yeast species shall I choose? Saccharomyces cerevisiae versus Pichia pastoris (review). Methods Mol Biol 2012; 866:11-23. [PMID: 22454110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-770-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Having decided on yeast as a production host, the choice of species is often the first question any researcher new to the field will ask. With over 500 known species of yeast to date, this could pose a significant challenge. However, in reality, only very few species of yeast have been employed as host organisms for the production of recombinant proteins. The two most widely used, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, are compared and contrasted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A J Darby
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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173
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Sugiki T, Ichikawa O, Miyazawa-Onami M, Shimada I, Takahashi H. Isotopic labeling of heterologous proteins in the yeast Pichia pastoris and Kluyveromyces lactis. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 831:19-36. [PMID: 22167666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-480-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several protein expression systems are available for the preparation of stable isotope-labeled recombinant proteins for NMR studies. Yeast expression systems have several advantages over prokaryotic systems, such as the widely used Escherichia coli expression system. Protein expression using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is commonly employed for the preparation of isotope-labeled proteins. Recently, the hemiascomycete yeast Kluyveromyces lactis expression system was reported as being useful for preparing proteins for NMR studies. Since each yeast expression system has different features, their applications have increased in number. In this chapter, we describe procedures for the efficient production of uniformly isotope-labeled proteins using the P. pastoris and the K. lactis yeast expression systems.
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174
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Sonnleitner B. Automated measurement and monitoring of bioprocesses: key elements of the M(3)C strategy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23179291 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The state-of-routine monitoring items established in the bioprocess industry as well as some important state-of-the-art methods are briefly described and the potential pitfalls discussed. Among those are physical and chemical variables such as temperature, pressure, weight, volume, mass and volumetric flow rates, pH, redox potential, gas partial pressures in the liquid and molar fractions in the gas phase, infrared spectral analysis of the liquid phase, and calorimetry over an entire reactor. Classical as well as new optical versions are addressed. Biomass and bio-activity monitoring (as opposed to "measurement") via turbidity, permittivity, in situ microscopy, and fluorescence are critically analyzed. Some new(er) instrumental analytical tools, interfaced to bioprocesses, are explained. Among those are chromatographic methods, mass spectrometry, flow and sequential injection analyses, field flow fractionation, capillary electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. This chapter surveys the principles of monitoring rather than compiling instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Sonnleitner
- Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry (ICBC), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 29, CH-8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland,
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175
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Abstract
A common method for inducing the production of recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris is through the use of methanol. However, the by-products of methanol metabolism are toxic to yeast cells and therefore its addition to recombinant cultures must be controlled and monitored throughout the process in order to maximise recombinant protein yields. Described here are online and off-line methods to monitor and control methanol addition to bench-top-scale bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zharain Bawa
- School of Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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Abstract
When planning any heterologous expression experiment, the very first critical step is related to the design of the overall strategy, hence to the selection of the most adapted expression vector. The very flexible Pichia pastoris system offers a broad range of possibilities for the production of secreted, endogenous or membrane proteins thanks to a combination of various plasmid backbones, selection markers, promoters and fusion sequences introduced into dedicated host strains. The present chapter provides some guidelines on the choice of expression vectors and expression strategies. It also brings the reader a complete toolbox from which plasmids and fusion sequences can be picked and assembled to set up appropriate expression vectors. Finally, it provides standard starting protocols for the preparation of the selected plasmids and their use for host strain transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Logez
- Département Récepteurs et Protéines Membranaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Abstract
The production of heterologous lipases is one of the most promising strategies to increase the productivity of the bioprocesses and to reduce costs, with the final objective that more industrial lipase applications could be implemented. In this chapter, an overview of the most common microbial expression systems for the overproduction of microbial lipases is presented. Prokaryotic system as Escherichia coli and eukaryotic systems as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris are analyzed and compared in terms of productivity, operational, and downstream processing facilities. Finally, an overview of heterologous Candida rugosa and Rhizopus oryzae lipases, two of the most common lipases used in biocatalysis, is presented. In both cases, P. pastoris has been shown as the most promising host system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Valero
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, EE. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
The production of recombinant therapeutic proteins is an active area of research in drug development. These bio-therapeutic drugs target nearly 150 disease states and promise to bring better treatments to patients. However, if new bio-therapeutics are to be made more accessible and affordable, improvements in production performance and optimization of processes are necessary. A major challenge lies in controlling the effect of process conditions on production of intact functional proteins. To achieve this, improved tools are needed for bio-processing. For example, implementation of process modeling and high-throughput technologies can be used to achieve quality by design, leading to improvements in productivity. Commercially, the most sought after targets are secreted proteins due to the ease of handling in downstream procedures. This chapter outlines different approaches for production and optimization of secreted proteins in the host Pichia pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Bora
- School of Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
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179
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Liu ZW, Yin HX, Yi XP, Zhang AL, Luo JX, Zhang TY, Fu CY, Zhang ZH, Shen JC, Chen LP. Constitutive expression of barley α-amylase in Pichia pastoris by high-density cell culture. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5805-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Barrigón JM, Ramon R, Rocha I, Valero F, Ferreira EC, Montesinos JL. State and specific growth estimation in heterologous protein production by Pichia pastoris. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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181
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Gasmi N, Ayed A, Ammar BBH, Zrigui R, Nicaud JM, Kallel H. Development of a cultivation process for the enhancement of human interferon alpha 2b production in the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:90. [PMID: 22047602 PMCID: PMC3241208 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica is able to assimilate hydrophobic substrates. This led to the isolation of several promoters of key enzymes of this catabolic pathway. Less is known about the behavior of Y. lipolytica in large bioreactors using these substrates. There is therefore a lack of established know-how concerning high cell density culture protocols of this yeast. Consequently, the establishment of suitable induction conditions is required, to maximize recombinant protein production under the control of these promoters. RESULTS Human interferon α2b (huIFN α2b) production in Yarrowia lipolytica was used as a model for the enhancement of recombinant protein production under the control of the oleic acid (OA)-inducible promoter POX2. Cell viability and heterologous protein production were enhanced by exponential glucose feeding, to generate biomass before OA induction. The optimal biomass level before induction was determined (73 g L(-1)), and glucose was added with oleic acid during the induction phase. Several oleic acid feeding strategies were assessed. Continuous feeding with OA at a ratio of 0.02 g OA per g dry cell weight increased huIFNα2b production by a factor of 1.88 (425 mg L(-1)) and decreased the induction time (by a factor of 2.6, 21 h). huIFN α2b degradation by an aspartic protease secreted by Y. lipolytica was prevented by adding pepstatin (10 μM), leading to produce a 19-fold more active huIFN α2b (26.2 × 10(7) IU mg(-1)). CONCLUSION Y. lipolytica, a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) microorganism is one of the most promising non conventional yeasts for the production of biologically active therapeutic proteins under the control of hydrophobic substrate-inducible promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Gasmi
- Unité de Biofermentation, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 place Pasteur, BP 74 1002, Tunis, Tunisie
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182
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Jin X, Meng N, Xia LM. Expression of an endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene from orpinomyces PC-2 in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3366-80. [PMID: 21686190 PMCID: PMC3116196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12053366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene celE from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2 was placed under the control of an alcohol oxidase promoter (AOX1) in the plasmid pPIC9K, and integrated into the genome of a methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The strain with highest endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity was selected and designed as P. pastoris egE, and cultivated in shaking flasks. The culture supernatant was assayed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and showed a single band at about 52 kDa. Furthermore, the recombinant P. pastoris egE was proved to possess the ability to utilize sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a carbon source. The recombinant endoglucanase produced by P. pastoris showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and temperature 45 °C, indicating it was a mesophilic neutral endo-β-1,4-glucanase, suitable for denim biofinishing/washing. Further research was carried out in suitable fermentation medium in shaking flasks. The most favorable methanol addition concentration was discussed and given as 1.0%. After methanol induction for 96 h, the endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity reached 72.5 IU mL−1. This is the first report on expression and characterization of endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Orpinomyces in P. pastoris. The endo-β-1,4-glucanase secreted by recombinant P. pastoris represents an attractive potential for both academic research and textile industry application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; E-Mails: (X.J.); (N.M.)
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183
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Gasmi N, Ayed A, Nicaud JM, Kallel H. Design of an efficient medium for heterologous protein production in Yarrowia lipolytica: case of human interferon alpha 2b. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:38. [PMID: 21595994 PMCID: PMC3123180 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The non conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has aroused a strong industrial interest for heterologous protein production. However most of the studies describing recombinant protein production by this yeast rely on the use of complex media, such media are not convenient for large scale production particularly for products intended for pharmaceutical applications. In addition medium composition can also affect the production yield. Hence it is necessary to design an efficient medium for therapeutic protein expression by this host. Results Five different media, including four minimal media and a complex medium, were assessed in shake flasks for the production of human interferon alpha 2b (hIFN α2b) by Y. lipolytica under the control of POX2 promoter inducible with oleic acid. The chemically defined medium SM4 formulated by Invitrogen for Pichia pastoris growth was the most suitable. Using statistical experimental design this medium was further optimized. The selected minimal medium consisting in SM4 supplemented with 10 mg/l FeCl3, 1 g/l glutamate, 5 ml/l PTM1 (Pichia Trace Metals) solution and a vitamin solution composed of myo-inositol, thiamin and biotin was called GNY medium. Compared to shake flask, bioreactor culture in GNY medium resulted in 416-fold increase of hIFN α2b production and 2-fold increase of the biological activity. Furthermore, SM4 enrichment with 5 ml/l PTM1 solution contributed to protect hIFN α2b against the degradation by the 28 kDa protease identified by zymography gel in culture supernatant. The screening of the inhibitory effect of the trace elements present in PTM1 solution on the activity of this protease was achieved using a Box-Behnken design. Statistical data analysis showed that FeCl3 and MnSO4 had the most inhibitory effect. Conclusion We have designed an efficient medium for large scale production of heterologous proteins by Y. lipolytica. The optimized medium GNY is suitable for the production of hIFN α2b with the advantage that no complex nitrogen sources with non-defined composition were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Gasmi
- Unité de Biofermentation, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13, place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisie
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184
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Arjmand S, Bidram E, Lotfi AS, Shamsara M, Mowla SJ. Expression and Purification of Functionally Active Recombinant Human Alpha 1-Antitrypsin in Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2011; 3:127-34. [PMID: 23408781 PMCID: PMC3558188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) cDNA was obtained from HepG2 cell lines. After PCR and construction of expression vector pPICZα-AAT, human AAT was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris (P.pastoris) in a secretary manner and under the control of inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter. The amount of AAT protein in medium was measured as 60 mg/l 72 hr after induction with methanol. Results indicated the presence of protease inhibitory function of the protein against elastase. Purification was done using His-tag affinity chromatography. Due to the different patterns of glycosylation in yeast and human, the recombinant AAT showed different SDS-PAGE patterns compared to that of serum-derived AAT while pI shifted from 4.9 in native AAT compared to 5.2 in recombinant AAT constructed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Arjmand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Bidram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi, Ph.D., National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran - Karaj Highway, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 21 44580309. Fax: +98 21 44580399. E-mail:
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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185
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Su DX, Zhang AL, Yi GH, Liu ZW, Luo JX, Rao LY, Zhang TY, Zhou ZJ. Inducible expression of calreticulin-N58 in Pichia pastoris by high density cell culture. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:5003-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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186
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Constitutive expression of Thermobifida fusca thermostable Acetylxylan Esterase gene in Pichia pastoris. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5143-51. [PMID: 21614198 PMCID: PMC3100850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding the thermostable acetylxylan esterase (AXE) in Thermobifida fusca NTU22 was amplified by PCR, sequenced and cloned into the Pichia pastoris X-33 host strain using the vector pGAPZαA, allowing constitutive expression and secretion of the protein. Recombinant expression resulted in high levels of extracellular AXE production, as high as 526 U/mL in the Hinton flask culture broth. The purified enzyme showed a single band at about 28 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after being treated with endo-β-N-acetylglycosaminidase H; this agrees with the predicted size based on the nucleotide sequence. About 70% of the original activity remained after heat treatment at 60 °C for three hours. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively. The properties of the purified AXE from the P. pastoris transformant are similar to those of the AXE from an E. coli transformant.
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187
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Hartwig DD, Oliveira TL, Seixas FK, Forster KM, Rizzi C, Hartleben CP, McBride AJA, Dellagostin OA. High yield expression of leptospirosis vaccine candidates LigA and LipL32 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:98. [PMID: 21134266 PMCID: PMC3004844 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis, a zoonosis caused by Leptospira spp., is recognized as an emergent infectious disease. Due to the lack of adequate diagnostic tools, vaccines are an attractive intervention strategy. Recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli have demonstrated promising results, albeit with variable efficacy. Pichia pastoris is an alternative host with several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins. Results The vaccine candidates LigANI and LipL32 were cloned and expressed in P. pastoris as secreted proteins. Large-scale expression resulted in a yield of 276 mg/L for LigANI and 285 mg/L for LipL32. The recombinant proteins were glycosylated and were recognized by antibodies present in the sera of patients with severe leptospirosis. Conclusions The expression of LigANI and LipL32 in P. pastoris resulted in a significant increase in yield compared to expression in E. coli. In addition, the proteins were secreted, allowing for easy purification, and retained the antigenic characteristics of the native proteins, demonstrating their potential application as subunit vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane D Hartwig
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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188
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Stadlmayr G, Mecklenbräuker A, Rothmüller M, Maurer M, Sauer M, Mattanovich D, Gasser B. Identification and characterisation of novel Pichia pastoris promoters for heterologous protein production. J Biotechnol 2010; 150:519-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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189
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Optimization of operational conditions for adipate ester synthesis in a stirred tank reactor. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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190
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Batra G, Gurramkonda C, Nemani SK, Jain SK, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Optimization of conditions for secretion of dengue virus type 2 envelope domain III using Pichia pastoris. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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191
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Yu M, Wen S, Tan T. Enhancing production of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase Lip2 in Pichia pastoris. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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192
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Ferrara MA, Severino NMB, Valente RH, Perales J, Bon EP. High-yield extraction of periplasmic asparaginase produced by recombinant Pichia pastoris harbouring the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ASP3 gene. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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193
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194
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Arnau C, Ramon R, Casas C, Valero F. Optimization of the heterologous production of a Rhizopus oryzae lipase in Pichia pastoris system using mixed substrates on controlled fed-batch bioprocess. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010; 46:494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Budisa N, Wenger W, Wiltschi B. Residue-specific global fluorination of Candida antarctica lipase B in Pichia pastoris. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1630-9. [PMID: 20431819 DOI: 10.1039/c002256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the in vivo fluorination of the tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine residues in a glycosylation-deficient mutant of Candida antarctica lipase B, CalB N74D, expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and subsequently segregated into the growth medium. To achieve this, a P. pastoris strain auxotrophic for all three aromatic amino acids was supplemented with 5-fluoro-L-tryptophan, meta-fluoro-(DL)-tyrosine, or para-fluoro-L-phenylalanine during expression of CalB N74D. The residue-specific replacement of the canonical amino acids by their fluorinated analogs was confirmed by mass analysis. Although global fluorination induced moderate changes in the secondary structure of CalB N74D, the fluorous variant proteins were still active lipases. However, their catalytic activity was lower than that of the non-fluorinated parent protein while their resistance to proteolytic degradation by proteinase K remained unchanged. Importantly, we observed that the global fluorination prolonged the shelf life of the lipase activity, which is an especially useful feature for the storage of, e.g., therapeutic proteins. Our study represents the first step on the road to the production of biotechnologically and pharmacologically relevant fluorous proteins in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nediljko Budisa
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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196
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Steinle A, Witthoff S, Krause JP, Steinbüchel A. Establishment of cyanophycin biosynthesis in Pichia pastoris and optimization by use of engineered cyanophycin synthetases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:1062-70. [PMID: 20038708 PMCID: PMC2820970 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01659-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two strains of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris were used to establish cyanophycin (multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid [CGP]) synthesis and to explore the applicability of this industrially widely used microorganism for the production of this polyamide. Therefore, the CGP synthetase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6308 (cphA(6308)) was expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter, yielding CGP contents of up to 10.4% (wt/wt), with the main fraction consisting of the soluble form of the polymer. To increase the polymer contents and to obtain further insights into the structural or catalytic properties of the enzyme, site-directed mutagenesis was applied to cphA(6308) and the mutated gene products were analyzed after expression in P. pastoris and Escherichia coli, respectively. CphA(6308)Delta1, which was truncated by one amino acid at the C terminus; point mutated CphA(6308)C595S; and the combined double-mutant CphA(6308)Delta1C595S protein were purified. They exhibited up to 2.5-fold higher enzyme activities of 4.95 U/mg, 3.20 U/mg, and 4.17 U/mg, respectively, than wild-type CphA(6308) (2.01 U/mg). On the other hand, CphA proteins truncated by two (CphA(6308)Delta2) or three (CphA(6308)Delta3) amino acids at the C terminus showed similar or reduced CphA enzyme activity in comparison to CphA(6308). In flask experiments, a maximum of 14.3% (wt/wt) CGP was detected after the expression of CphA(6308)Delta1 in P. pastoris. For stabilization of the expression plasmid, the his4 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned into the expression vector used and the constructs were transferred to histidine auxotrophic P. pastoris strain GS115. Parallel fermentations at a one-to-one scale revealed 26 degrees C and 6.0 as the optimal temperature and pH, respectively, for CGP synthesis. After optimization of fermentation parameters, medium composition, and the length of the cultivation period, CGP contents could be increased from 3.2 to 13.0% (wt/wt) in cells of P. pastoris GS115 expressing CphA(6308) and up to even 23.3% (wt/wt) in cells of P. pastoris GS115 expressing CphA(6308)Delta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Steinle
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabrina Witthoff
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Jens P. Krause
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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197
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li J, Hua Z, Du G, Chen J. Enhancement of cell viability and alkaline polygalacturonate lyase production by sorbitol co-feeding with methanol in Pichia pastoris fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1318-23. [PMID: 19800218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline polygalacturonate lyase (PGL) production by Pichia pastoris GS115 was used as a model to study the mechanism and strategy for enhancing heterologous protein production. In order to enhance cell viability and volumetric recombinant protein productivity, sorbitol, which had been confirmed to be a non-repressive carbon source, was added together with methanol during the induction phase. The resultant PGL activity was up to 1593 U mL(-1), which was enhanced 1.85-fold compared to the control (863 U mL(-1)) cultured with sorbitol added at a constant rate of 3.6 g h(-1)L(-1) after an induction period of 100 h. Further results revealed that an appropriate sorbitol co-feeding strategy not only decreased the cell mortality to 8.8% (the control is about 23.1%) in the end of fermentation, but also reduced the proteolytic degradation of PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China
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198
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Expression of Thermobifida fusca thermostable raw starch digesting alpha-amylase in Pichia pastoris and its application in raw sago starch hydrolysis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 37:401-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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199
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Ferrer P, Alarcón M, Ramón R, Dolors Benaiges M, Valero F. Recombinant Candida rugosa LIP2 expression in Pichia pastoris under the control of the AOX1 promoter. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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200
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Porro D, Branduardi P. Yeast cell factory: fishing for the best one or engineering it? Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:51. [PMID: 19822015 PMCID: PMC2768682 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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