151
|
Ibrahim E, Jones KD, Taylor KE, Hosseney EN, Mills PL, Escudero JM. Molecular and biochemical characterization of recombinant cel12B, cel8C, and peh28 overexpressed in Escherichia coli and their potential in biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:52. [PMID: 28413443 PMCID: PMC5327597 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high crystallinity of cellulosic biomass myofibrils as well as the complexity of their intermolecular structure is a significant impediment for biofuel production. Cloning of celB-, celC-encoded cellulases (cel12B and cel8C) and peh-encoded polygalacturonase (peh28) from Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) was carried out in our previous study using Escherichia coli as a host vector. The current study partially characterizes the enzymes' molecular structures as well as their catalytic performance on different substrates which can be used to improve their potential for lignocellulosic biomass conversion. RESULTS β-Jelly roll topology, (α/α)6 antiparallel helices and right-handed β-helices were the folds identified for cel12B, cel8C, and peh28, respectively, in their corresponding protein model structures. Purifications of 17.4-, 6.2-, and 6.0-fold, compared to crude extract, were achieved for cel12B and cel8C, and peh28, respectively, using specific membrane ultrafiltrations and size-exclusion chromatography. Avicel and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were substrates for cel12B, whereas for cel8C catalytic activity was only shown on CMC. The enzymes displayed significant synergy on CMC but not on Avicel when tested for 3 h at 45 °C. No observed β-glucosidase activities were identified for cel8C and cel12B when tested on p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside. Activity stimulation of 130% was observed when a recombinant β-glucosidase from Pcc was added to cel8C and cel12B as tested for 3 h at 45 °C. Optimum temperature and pH of 45 °C and 5.4, respectively, were identified for all three enzymes using various substrates. Catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) were calculated for cel12B and cel8C on CMC as 0.141 and 2.45 ml/mg/s respectively, at 45 °C and pH 5.0 and for peh28 on polygalacturonic acid as 4.87 ml/mg/s, at 40 °C and pH 5.0. Glucose and cellobiose were the end-products identified for cel8C, cel12B, and β-glucosidase acting together on Avicel or CMC, while galacturonic acid and other minor co-products were identified for peh28 action on pectin. CONCLUSIONS This study provides some insight into which parameters should be optimized when application of cel8C, cel12B, and peh28 to biomass conversion is the goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884 Egypt
| | - Kim D. Jones
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA
| | - Keith E. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Ebtesam N. Hosseney
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884 Egypt
| | - Patrick L. Mills
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA
| | - Jean M. Escudero
- Department of Basic Science, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110-1088 USA
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Ma R, Bai Y, Huang H, Luo H, Chen S, Fan Y, Cai L, Yao B. Utility of Thermostable Xylanases of Mycothermus thermophilus in Generating Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1139-1145. [PMID: 28067041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides as emerging prebiotics are able to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria. In the present study, four neutral, thermostable xylanases (MtXyn11A, MtXyn11At, MtXyn11B, and MtXyn11C) from compost fungus Mycothermus thermophilus CGMCC3.18119 were overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and used to produce xylooligosaccharides from beechwood xylan. The enzymes showed similar enzymatic properties (maximal activities at pH 6.0-6.5 and 65 °C) but varied in catalytic efficiency and cleaving actions. MtXyn11A, MtXyn11At, and MtXyn11C mainly produced xylobiose (59-62%), xylose (16-20%), and xylotriose (16-19%), while MtXyn11B released xylobiose (51%), xylotriose (32%), and xylose (12%) as the main products. When using the xylan hydrolysates of different xylanases as the carbon source, four probiotic Lactobacillus strains Lactobacillus brevis 1.2028, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei BL23, and Lactobacillus plantarum WCSF1 were confirmed to use the xylooligosaccharides efficiently (83.8-98.2%), with L. brevis 1.2028 as the greatest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Sanfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
153
|
Thermus thermophilus as source of thermozymes for biotechnological applications: homologous expression and biochemical characterization of an α-galactosidase. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:28. [PMID: 28193276 PMCID: PMC5307791 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Thermus, which has been considered for a long time as a fruitful source of biotechnological relevant enzymes, has emerged more recently as suitable host to overproduce thermozymes. Among these, α-galactosidases are widely used in several industrial bioprocesses that require high working temperatures and for which thermostable variants offer considerable advantages over their thermolabile counterparts. Results Thermus thermophilus HB27 strain was used for the homologous expression of the TTP0072 gene encoding for an α-galactosidase (TtGalA). Interestingly, a soluble and active histidine-tagged enzyme was produced in larger amounts (5 mg/L) in this thermophilic host than in Escherichia coli (0.5 mg/L). The purified recombinant enzyme showed an optimal activity at 90 °C and retained more than 40% of activity over a broad range of pH (from 5 to 8). Conclusions TtGalA is among the most thermoactive and thermostable α-galactosidases discovered so far, thus pointing to T. thermophilus as cell factory for the recombinant production of biocatalysts active at temperature values over 90 °C. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0638-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
154
|
Liu Y, Huang L, Guo W, Jia L, Fu Y, Gui S, Lu F. Cloning, expression, and characterization of a thermostable and pH-stable laccase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and its application to dye decolorization. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
155
|
Osiro KO, de Camargo BR, Satomi R, Hamann PRV, Silva JP, de Sousa MV, Quirino BF, Aquino EN, Felix CR, Murad AM, Noronha EF. Characterization of Clostridium thermocellum (B8) secretome and purified cellulosomes for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 97:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
156
|
ANCUT2, a Thermo-alkaline Cutinase from Aspergillus nidulans and Its Potential Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1014-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
157
|
Sakai K, Mochizuki M, Yamada M, Shinzawa Y, Minezawa M, Kimoto S, Murata S, Kaneko Y, Ishihara S, Jindou S, Kobayashi T, Kato M, Shimizu M. Biochemical characterization of thermostable β-1,4-mannanase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 134 from Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3237-3245. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
158
|
Schuerg T, Prahl JP, Gabriel R, Harth S, Tachea F, Chen CS, Miller M, Masson F, He Q, Brown S, Mirshiaghi M, Liang L, Tom LM, Tanjore D, Sun N, Pray TR, Singer SW. Xylose induces cellulase production in Thermoascus aurantiacus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:271. [PMID: 29167701 PMCID: PMC5688616 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is an important resource for renewable production of biofuels and bioproducts. Enzymes that deconstruct this biomass are critical for the viability of biomass-based biofuel production processes. Current commercial enzyme mixtures have limited thermotolerance. Thermophilic fungi may provide enzyme mixtures with greater thermal stability leading to more robust processes. Understanding the induction of biomass-deconstructing enzymes in thermophilic fungi will provide the foundation for strategies to construct hyper-production strains. RESULTS Induction of cellulases using xylan was demonstrated during cultivation of the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. Simulated fed-batch conditions with xylose induced comparable levels of cellulases. These fed-batch conditions were adapted to produce enzymes in 2 and 19 L bioreactors using xylose and xylose-rich hydrolysate from dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover. Enzymes from T. aurantiacus that were produced in the xylose-fed bioreactor demonstrated comparable performance in the saccharification of deacetylated, dilute acid-pretreated corn stover when compared to a commercial enzyme mixture at 50 °C. The T. aurantiacus enzymes retained this activity at of 60 °C while the commercial enzyme mixture was largely inactivated. CONCLUSIONS Xylose induces both cellulase and xylanase production in T. aurantiacus and was used to produce enzymes at up to the 19 L bioreactor scale. The demonstration of induction by xylose-rich hydrolysate and saccharification of deacetylated, dilute acid-pretreated corn stover suggests a scenario to couple biomass pretreatment with onsite enzyme production in a biorefinery. This work further demonstrates the potential for T. aurantiacus as a thermophilic platform for cellulase development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schuerg
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Jan-Philip Prahl
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Raphael Gabriel
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simon Harth
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Institut für Genetik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Firehiwot Tachea
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Chyi-Shin Chen
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Matthew Miller
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Fabrice Masson
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Qian He
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Sarah Brown
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Mona Mirshiaghi
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Ling Liang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Lauren M. Tom
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| | - Deepti Tanjore
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Ning Sun
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Todd R. Pray
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Advanced Biofuels Process Development Unit, Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Steven W. Singer
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
|
160
|
Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
|
161
|
Harnpicharnchai P, Pinngoen W, Teanngam W, Sornlake W, Sae-Tang K, Manitchotpisit P, Tanapongpipat S. Production of high activity Aspergillus niger BCC4525 β-mannanase in Pichia pastoris and its application for mannooligosaccharides production from biomass hydrolysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2298-2305. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1230003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A cDNA encoding β-mannanase was cloned from Aspergillus niger BCC4525 and expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71. The secreted enzyme hydrolyzed locust bean gum substrate with very high activity (1625 U/mL) and a relatively high kcat/Km (461 mg−1 s−1 mL). The enzyme is thermophilic and thermostable with an optimal temperature of 70 °C and 40% retention of endo-β-1,4-mannanase activity after preincubation at 70 °C. In addition, the enzyme exhibited broad pH stability with an optimal pH of 5.5. The recombinant enzyme hydrolyzes low-cost biomass, including palm kernel meal (PKM) and copra meal, to produce mannooligosaccharides, which is used as prebiotics to promote the growth of beneficial microflora in animals. An in vitro digestibility test simulating the gastrointestinal tract system of broilers suggested that the recombinant β-mannanase could effectively liberate reducing sugars from PKM-containing diet. These characteristics render this enzyme suitable for utilization as a feed additive to improve animal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyanun Harnpicharnchai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Pinngoen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Sciences, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Teanngam
- Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Sciences, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Warasirin Sornlake
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kittapong Sae-Tang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Manitchotpisit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Medical Sciences, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sutipa Tanapongpipat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
García-Huante Y, Cayetano-Cruz M, Santiago-Hernández A, Cano-Ramírez C, Marsch-Moreno R, Campos JE, Aguilar-Osorio G, Benitez-Cardoza CG, Trejo-Estrada S, Hidalgo-Lara ME. The thermophilic biomass-degrading fungus Thielavia terrestris Co3Bag1 produces a hyperthermophilic and thermostable β-1,4-xylanase with exo- and endo-activity. Extremophiles 2016; 21:175-186. [PMID: 27900528 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A hyperthermophilic and thermostable xylanase of 82 kDa (TtXynA) was purified from the culture supernatant of T. terrestris Co3Bag1, grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and characterized biochemically. TtXynA showed optimal xylanolytic activity at pH 5.5 and at 85 °C, and retained more than 90% of its activity at a broad pH range (4.5-10). The enzyme is highly thermostable with a half-life of 23.1 days at 65 °C, and active in the presence of several metal ions. Circular dichroism spectra strongly suggest the enzyme gains secondary structures when temperature increases. TtXynA displayed higher substrate affinity and higher catalytic efficiency towards beechwood xylan than towards birchwood xylan, oat-spelt xylan, and CMC. According to its final hydrolysis products, TtXynA displays endo-/exo-activity, yielded xylobiose, an unknown oligosaccharide containing about five residues of xylose and a small amount of xylose on beechwood xylan. Finally, this report represents the description of the first fungal hyperthermophilic xylanase which is produced by T. terrestris Co3Bag1. Since TtXynA displays relevant biochemical properties, it may be a suitable candidate for biotechnological applications carried out at high temperatures, like the enzymatic pretreatment of plant biomass for the production of bioethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda García-Huante
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maribel Cayetano-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Santiago-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodolfo Marsch-Moreno
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge E Campos
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, CP 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, México
| | - Guillermo Aguilar-Osorio
- Grupo de Fisiología de Hongos, Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, CP 04510, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia G Benitez-Cardoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, ENMH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera No. 239 La Escalera Ticomán, 07320, México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Trejo-Estrada
- Grupo de Microbiología Industrial, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada-IPN, Km 1.5 Carretera Estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, 90700, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, México
| | - María Eugenia Hidalgo-Lara
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, CP 07360, México, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Dua A, Joshi S, Satyanarayana T. Recombinant exochitinase of the thermophilic mould Myceliopthora thermophila BJA: Characteristics and utility in generating N-acetyl glucosamine and in biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:70-80. [PMID: 27689686 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase from the thermophilic mould Myceliopthora thermophila BJA (MtChit) is an acid tolerant, thermostable and organic solvent stable biocatalyst which does not require any metal ions for its activity. To produce high enzyme titres, reduce fermentation time and overcome the need for induction, this enzyme has been heterologously expressed under GAP promoter in the GRAS yeast, Pichia pastoris. The production medium supplemented with the permeabilizing agent Tween-20 supported two-fold higher rMtChit production (5.5 × 103 U L-1 ). The consensus sequences S(132)xG(133)G(134) and D(168)xxD(171)xD(173)xE(175) in the enzyme have been found to represent the substrate binding and catalytic sites, respectively. The rMtChit, purified to homogeneity by a two-step purification strategy, is a monomeric glycoprotein of ∼48 kDa, which is optimally active at 55°C and pH 5.0. The enzyme is thermostable with t1/2 values of 113 and 48 min at 65 and 75°C, respectively. Kinetic parameters Km , Vmax , kcat , and kcat /Km of the enzyme are 4.655 mg mL-1 , 34.246 nmol mg-1 s-1 , 3.425 × 106 min-1 , and 1.36 × 10-6 mg mL-1 min-1 , respectively. rMtChit is an unique exochitinase, since its action on chitin liberates N-acetylglucosamine NAG. The enzyme inhibits the growth of phytopathogenic fungi like Fusarium oxysporum and Curvularia lunata, therefore, this finds application as biofungicide at high temperatures during summer in tropics. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:70-80, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Dua
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
| | - Swati Joshi
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
| | - T Satyanarayana
- Dept. of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
Collapse
|
165
|
Alves JI, Alves MM, Plugge CM, Stams AJM, Sousa DZ. Comparative Analysis of Carbon Monoxide Tolerance among Thermoanaerobacter Species. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1330. [PMID: 27621723 PMCID: PMC5002420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An anaerobic thermophilic strain (strain PCO) was isolated from a syngas-converting enrichment culture. Syngas components cannot be used by strain PCO, but the new strain is very tolerant to carbon monoxide (pCO = 1.7 × 10(5) Pa, 100% CO). 16S rRNA gene analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that strain PCO is a strain of Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus. The physiology of strain PCO and other Thermoanaerobacter species was compared, focusing on their tolerance to carbon monoxide. T. thermohydrosulfuricus, T. brockii subsp. finnii, T. pseudethanolicus, and T. wiegelii were exposed to increased CO concentrations in the headspace, while growth, glucose consumption and product formation were monitored. Remarkably, glucose conversion rates by Thermoanaerobacter species were not affected by CO. All the tested strains fermented glucose to mainly lactate, ethanol, acetate, and hydrogen, but final product concentrations differed. In the presence of CO, ethanol production was generally less affected, but H2 production decreased with increasing CO partial pressure. This study highlights the CO resistance of Thermoanaerobacter species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Alves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - M Madalena Alves
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Diana Z Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of MinhoBraga, Portugal; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Oosterkamp MJ, Méndez-García C, Kim CH, Bauer S, Ibáñez AB, Zimmerman S, Hong PY, Cann IK, Mackie RI. Lignocellulose-derived thin stillage composition and efficient biological treatment with a high-rate hybrid anaerobic bioreactor system. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:120. [PMID: 27274357 PMCID: PMC4895995 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to chemically characterize thin stillage derived from lignocellulosic biomass distillation residues in terms of organic strength, nutrient, and mineral content. The feasibility of performing anaerobic digestion on these stillages at mesophilic (40 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) temperatures to produce methane was demonstrated. The microbial communities involved were further characterized. RESULTS Energy and sugar cane stillage have a high chemical oxygen demand (COD of 43 and 30 g/L, respectively) and low pH (pH 4.3). Furthermore, the acetate concentration in sugar cane stillage was high (45 mM) but was not detected in energy cane stillage. There was also a high amount of lactate in both types of stillage (35-37 mM). The amount of sugars was 200 times higher in energy cane stillage compared to sugar cane stillage. Although there was a high concentration of sulfate (18 and 23 mM in sugar and energy cane stillage, respectively), both thin stillages were efficiently digested anaerobically with high COD removal under mesophilic and thermophilic temperature conditions and with an organic loading rate of 15-21 g COD/L/d. The methane production rate was 0.2 L/g COD, with a methane percentage of 60 and 64, and 92 and 94 % soluble COD removed, respectively, by the mesophilic and thermophilic reactors. Although both treatment processes were equally efficient, there were different microbial communities involved possibly arising from the differences in the composition of energy cane and sugar cane stillage. There was more acetic acid in sugar cane stillage which may have promoted the occurrence of aceticlastic methanogens to perform a direct conversion of acetate to methane in reactors treating sugar cane stillage. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that thin stillage contains easily degradable compounds suitable for anaerobic digestion and that hybrid reactors can efficiently convert thin stillage to methane under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Furthermore, we found that optimal conditions for biological treatment of thin stillage were similar for both mesophilic and thermophilic reactors. Bar-coded pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified different microbial communities in mesophilic and thermophilic reactors and these differences in the microbial communities could be linked to the composition of the thin stillage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margreet J. Oosterkamp
- />Institute for Genomic Biology, and Department of Animal Sciences, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Celia Méndez-García
- />Institute for Genomic Biology, and Department of Animal Sciences, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Chang-H. Kim
- />Institute for Genomic Biology, and Department of Animal Sciences, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- />Department of Animal, Life and Environment Science, Biogas Research Center, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang-ro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-749 South Korea
| | - Stefan Bauer
- />Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California at Berkeley, 120A Energy Biosciences Building, 2151 Berkeley Way, MC 5230, Berkeley, CA 94729, USA
| | - Ana B. Ibáñez
- />Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California at Berkeley, 120A Energy Biosciences Building, 2151 Berkeley Way, MC 5230, Berkeley, CA 94729, USA
| | - Sabrina Zimmerman
- />Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California at Berkeley, 120A Energy Biosciences Building, 2151 Berkeley Way, MC 5230, Berkeley, CA 94729, USA
- />BP Biofuels, University of California at Berkeley, 120A Energy Biosciences Building, 2151 Berkeley Way, MC 5230, Berkeley, CA 94729 USA
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- />Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Isaac K. Cann
- />Institute for Genomic Biology, and Department of Animal Sciences, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Roderick I. Mackie
- />Institute for Genomic Biology, and Department of Animal Sciences, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
C-Terminal proline-rich sequence broadens the optimal temperature and pH ranges of recombinant xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans C5. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 91:34-41. [PMID: 27444327 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of hemicellulose entails high catalytic capacity containing xylanases. In this study, proline rich sequence was fused together with a C-terminal of xylanase gene from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans C5 and designated as GthC5ProXyl. Both GthC5Xyl and GthC5ProXyl were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 host in order to determine effect of this modification. The C-terminal oligopeptide had noteworthy effects and instantaneously extended the optimal temperature and pH ranges and progressed the specific activity of GthC5Xyl. Compared with GthC5Xyl, GthC5ProXyl revealed improved specific activity, a higher temperature (70°C versus 60°C) and pH (8 versus 6) optimum, with broad ranges of temperature and pH (60-80°C and 6.0-9.0 versus 40-60°C and 5.0-8.0, respectively). The modified enzyme retained more than 80% activity after incubating in xylan for 3h at 80°C as compared to wild -type with only 45% residual activity. Our study demonstrated that proper introduction of proline residues on C-terminal surface of xylanase family might be very effective in improvement of enzyme thermostability. Moreover, this study reveals an engineering strategy to improve the catalytic performance of enzymes.
Collapse
|
168
|
Biochemical characterization of thermostable ω-transaminase from Sphaerobacter thermophilus and its application for producing aromatic β- and γ-amino acids. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 87-88:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
169
|
Katsimpouras C, Dimarogona M, Petropoulos P, Christakopoulos P, Topakas E. A thermostable GH26 endo-β-mannanase from Myceliophthora thermophila capable of enhancing lignocellulose degradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8385-97. [PMID: 27193267 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The endomannanase gene em26a from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 26, was functionally expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The putative endomannanase, dubbed MtMan26A, was purified to homogeneity (60 kDa) and subsequently characterized. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzymatic activity of MtMan26A were 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. MtMan26A showed high specific activity against konjac glucomannan and carob galactomannan, while it also exhibited high thermal stability with a half-life of 14.4 h at 60 °C. Thermostability is of great importance, especially in industrial processes where harsh conditions are employed. With the aim of better understanding its structure-function relationships, a homology model of MtMan26A was constructed, based on the crystallographic structure of a close homologue. Finally, the addition of MtMan26A as a supplement to the commercial enzyme mixture Celluclast® 1.5 L and Novozyme® 188 resulted in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated beechwood sawdust, improving the release of total reducing sugars and glucose by 13 and 12 %, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Katsimpouras
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Maria Dimarogona
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Pericles Petropoulos
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical and Chemical Process Engineering, Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Guo Y, Song Y, Qiu Y, Shao X, Wang H, Song Y. Purification of thermostable α-galactosidase from Irpex lacteus and its use for hydrolysis of oligosaccharides. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:448-58. [PMID: 26946959 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A monomeric α-galactosidase (ILGI) from the mushroom Irpex lacteus was purified 94.19-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. ILGI exhibited a specific activity of 18.36 U mg(-1) and demonstrated a molecular mass of 60 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). ILGI was optimally active at 80 °C and pH 5.0, and it was stable over a temperature range of 4-70 °C and a wide pH range of 2.0-12.0. ILGI was completely inactivated by Ag(+) and Hg(2+) ions and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). Moreover, ILGI exhibited good resistance to proteases. Galactose acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor with Ki and Kis of 3.34 and 0.29 mM, respectively. The α-galactosidase presented a broad substrate specificity, which included p-nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside (pNPGal), melibiose, stachyose, and raffinose with Km values of 1.27, 3.24, 7.1, and 22.12 mM, correspondingly. ILGI exhibited efficient and complete hydrolysis to raffinose and stachyose. The aforementioned features of this enzyme suggest its potential value in food and feed industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Song
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Shao
- Beijing key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Song
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Yazawa K, Sugahara M, Yutani K, Takehira M, Numata K. Derivatization of Proteinase K with Heavy Atoms Enhances Its Thermal Stability. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Yazawa
- Enzyme
Research Team, Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michihiro Sugahara
- RIKEN SPring-8
Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Yutani
- RIKEN SPring-8
Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Michiyo Takehira
- RIKEN SPring-8
Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Enzyme
Research Team, Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Chang CJ, Lee CC, Chan YT, Trudeau DL, Wu MH, Tsai CH, Yu SM, Ho THD, Wang AHJ, Hsiao CD, Arnold FH, Chao YC. Exploring the Mechanism Responsible for Cellulase Thermostability by Structure-Guided Recombination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147485. [PMID: 26986867 PMCID: PMC4795783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulases from Bacillus and Geobacillus bacteria are potentially useful in the biofuel and animal feed industries. One of the unique characteristics of these enzymes is that they are usually quite thermostable. We previously identified a cellulase, GsCelA, from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. 70PC53, which is much more thermostable than its Bacillus homolog, BsCel5A. Thus, these two cellulases provide a pair of structures ideal for investigating the mechanism regarding how these cellulases can retain activity at high temperature. In the present study, we applied the SCHEMA non-contiguous recombination algorithm as a novel tool, which assigns protein sequences into blocks for domain swapping in a way that lessens structural disruption, to generate a set of chimeric proteins derived from the recombination of GsCelA and BsCel5A. Analyzing the activity and thermostability of this designed library set, which requires only a limited number of chimeras by SCHEMA calculations, revealed that one of the blocks may contribute to the higher thermostability of GsCelA. When tested against swollen Avicel, the highly thermostable chimeric cellulase C10 containing this block showed significantly higher activity (22%-43%) and higher thermostability compared to the parental enzymes. With further structural determinations and mutagenesis analyses, a 310 helix was identified as being responsible for the improved thermostability of this block. Furthermore, in the presence of ionic calcium and crown ether (CR), the chimeric C10 was found to retain 40% residual activity even after heat treatment at 90°C. Combining crystal structure determinations and structure-guided SCHEMA recombination, we have determined the mechanism responsible for the high thermostability of GsCelA, and generated a novel recombinant enzyme with significantly higher activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chung Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh-Te Chan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Devin L. Trudeau
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Mei-Huey Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-May Yu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tuan-Hua David Ho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Andrew H.-J. Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chan Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Sakai HD, Kurosawa N. Exploration and isolation of novel thermophiles in frozen enrichment cultures derived from a terrestrial acidic hot spring. Extremophiles 2016; 20:207-14. [PMID: 26860120 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An isolation strategy, exploring novel microorganisms in frozen enrichment cultures (ENFE), which uses a combination of enrichment culture and 16S rRNA gene clone analysis, was evaluated for isolating uncultured thermophiles from a terrestrial acidic hot spring. The procedure comprised (a) multiple enrichment cultures under various conditions, (b) cryostorage of all enrichments, (c) microbial community analyses of the enrichments using 16S rRNA gene sequences, and (d) purification of microorganisms from enrichments containing previously uncultured microorganisms. The enrichments were performed under a total of 36 conditions, and 16 of these enrichments yielded positive microbial growth with the detection of three previously uncultured archaea. Two of the three previously uncultured archaea, strains HS-1 and HS-3, were successfully isolated. Strain HS-1 and HS-3 represented a novel lineage of the order Sulfolobales and novel species of the genus Sulfolobus, respectively. Although innovative isolation methods play strategic roles in isolating previously uncultured microorganisms, the ENFE strategy showed potential for characterizing and isolating such microorganisms using conventional media and techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki D Sakai
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Norio Kurosawa
- Department of Science and Engineering for Sustainable Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Elucidation of a key position for acyltransfer activity in Candida parapsilosis lipase/acyltransferase (CpLIP2) and in Pseudozyma antarctica lipase A (CAL-A) by rational design. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
175
|
Maruthamuthu M, Jiménez DJ, Stevens P, van Elsas JD. A multi-substrate approach for functional metagenomics-based screening for (hemi)cellulases in two wheat straw-degrading microbial consortia unveils novel thermoalkaliphilic enzymes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:86. [PMID: 26822785 PMCID: PMC4730625 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional metagenomics is a promising strategy for the exploration of the biocatalytic potential of microbiomes in order to uncover novel enzymes for industrial processes (e.g. biorefining or bleaching pulp). Most current methodologies used to screen for enzymes involved in plant biomass degradation are based on the use of single substrates. Moreover, highly diverse environments are used as metagenomic sources. However, such methods suffer from low hit rates of positive clones and hence the discovery of novel enzymatic activities from metagenomes has been hampered. RESULTS Here, we constructed fosmid libraries from two wheat straw-degrading microbial consortia, denoted RWS (bred on untreated wheat straw) and TWS (bred on heat-treated wheat straw). Approximately 22,000 clones from each library were screened for (hemi)cellulose-degrading enzymes using a multi-chromogenic substrate approach. The screens yielded 71 positive clones for both libraries, giving hit rates of 1:440 and 1:1,047 for RWS and TWS, respectively. Seven clones (NT2-2, T5-5, NT18-17, T4-1, 10BT, NT18-21 and T17-2) were selected for sequence analyses. Their inserts revealed the presence of 18 genes encoding enzymes belonging to twelve different glycosyl hydrolase families (GH2, GH3, GH13, GH17, GH20, GH27, GH32, GH39, GH53, GH58, GH65 and GH109). These encompassed several carbohydrate-active gene clusters traceable mainly to Klebsiella related species. Detailed functional analyses showed that clone NT2-2 (containing a beta-galactosidase of ~116 kDa) had highest enzymatic activity at 55 °C and pH 9.0. Additionally, clone T5-5 (containing a beta-xylosidase of ~86 kDa) showed > 90% of enzymatic activity at 55 °C and pH 10.0. CONCLUSIONS This study employed a high-throughput method for rapid screening of fosmid metagenomic libraries for (hemi)cellulose-degrading enzymes. The approach, consisting of screens on multi-substrates coupled to further analyses, revealed high hit rates, as compared with recent other studies. Two clones, 10BT and T4-1, required the presence of multiple substrates for detectable activity, indicating a new avenue in library activity screening. Finally, clones NT2-2, T5-5 and NT18-17 were found to encode putative novel thermo-alkaline enzymes, which could represent a starting point for further biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukil Maruthamuthu
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Diego Javier Jiménez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Patricia Stevens
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Chen L, Li X, Wang R, Fang F, Yang W, Kan W. Thermal stability and unfolding pathways of hyperthermophilic and mesophilic periplasmic binding proteins studied by molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:1576-89. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1084480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua Uuniversity, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Ruige Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P.R. China
| | - Fengqin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wanli Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Kan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Kambourova M, Radchenkova N, Tomova I, Bojadjieva I. Thermophiles as a Promising Source of Exopolysaccharides with Interesting Properties. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
178
|
Gomes E, de Souza AR, Orjuela GL, Da Silva R, de Oliveira TB, Rodrigues A. Applications and Benefits of Thermophilic Microorganisms and Their Enzymes for Industrial Biotechnology. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
179
|
Wang C, Dong D, Wang H, Müller K, Qin Y, Wang H, Wu W. Metagenomic analysis of microbial consortia enriched from compost: new insights into the role of Actinobacteria in lignocellulose decomposition. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:22. [PMID: 26834834 PMCID: PMC4731972 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compost habitats sustain a vast ensemble of microbes specializing in the degradation of lignocellulosic plant materials and are thus important both for their roles in the global carbon cycle and as potential sources of biochemical catalysts for advanced biofuels production. Studies have revealed substantial diversity in compost microbiomes, yet how this diversity relates to functions and even to the genes encoding lignocellulolytic enzymes remains obscure. Here, we used a metagenomic analysis of the rice straw-adapted (RSA) microbial consortia enriched from compost ecosystems to decipher the systematic and functional contexts within such a distinctive microbiome. RESULTS Analyses of the 16S pyrotag library and 5 Gbp of metagenomic sequence showed that the phylum Actinobacteria was the predominant group among the Bacteria in the RSA consortia, followed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes. The CAZymes profile revealed that CAZyme genes in the RSA consortia were also widely distributed within these bacterial phyla. Strikingly, about 46.1 % of CAZyme genes were from actinomycetal communities, which harbored a substantially expanded catalog of the cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, acetyl xylan esterase, arabinofuranosidase, pectin lyase, and ligninase genes. Among these communities, a variety of previously unrecognized species was found, which reveals a greater ecological functional diversity of thermophilic Actinobacteria than previously assumed. CONCLUSION These data underline the pivotal role of thermophilic Actinobacteria in lignocellulose biodegradation processes in the compost habitat. Besides revealing a new benchmark for microbial enzymatic deconstruction of lignocelluloses, the results suggest that actinomycetes found in compost ecosystems are potential candidates for mining efficient lignocellulosic enzymes in the biofuel industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- />Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Da Dong
- />Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- />Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 China
| | - Haoshu Wang
- />Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Karin Müller
- />Ruakura Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Yong Qin
- />Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Hailong Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou, 311300 China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- />Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Amel BD, Nawel B, Khelifa B, Mohammed G, Manon J, Salima KG, Farida N, Hocine H, Bernard O, Jean-Luc C, Marie-Laure F. Characterization of a purified thermostable xylanase from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis sp. nov. strain TH7C1(T). Carbohydr Res 2015; 419:60-8. [PMID: 26687892 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular thermostable xylanase (called XYN35) from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis sp. nov., strain TH7C1(T), a thermophilic, anaerobic strain isolated from the hydrothermal hot spring of Guelma (Algeria). The maximum xylanase activity recorded after 24 h of incubation at 70 °C and in an optimized medium containing 10 g/L mix birchwood- and oats spelt-xylan was 250 U/mL. The pure protein was obtained after heat treatment (1 h at 70 °C), followed by sequential column chromatographies on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and Mono-S Sepharose anion-exchange. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis indicated that the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 35,075.10 Da. The results from amino-acid sequence analysis revealed high homology between the 21 NH2-terminal residues of XYN35 and those of bacterial xylanases. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 11 and 70 °C. While XYN35 was activated by Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+), it was completely inhibited by Hg(2+) and Cd(2+). The xylanase showed higher specific activity on soluble oat-spelt xylan, followed by beechwood xylan. This enzyme was also noted to obey the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with Km and kcat values on oat-spelt xylan being 1.33 mg/mL and 400 min(-1), respectively. Thin-layer chromatography soluble oat-spelt xylan (TLC) analysis showed that the final hydrolyzed products of the enzyme from birchwood xylan were xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose. Taken together, the results indicated that the XYN35 enzyme has a number of attractive biochemical properties that make it a potential promising candidate for future application in the pulp bleaching industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bouanane-Darenfed Amel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria; Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Boucherba Nawel
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, University of Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Bouacem Khelifa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Gagaoua Mohammed
- Maquav Team, Bioqual Laboratory, INATAA, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Ain El-Bey Street, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Joseph Manon
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Kebbouche-Gana Salima
- Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Valuation, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara-Boumerdes University, 06000 Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Nateche Farida
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hacene Hocine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ollivier Bernard
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Cayol Jean-Luc
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fardeau Marie-Laure
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Chen H, Zhang T, Jia J, Vastermark A, Tian R, Ni Z, Chen Z, Chen K, Yang S. Expression and display of a novel thermostable esterase from Clostridium thermocellum on the surface of Bacillus subtilis using the CotB anchor protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Esterases expressed in microbial hosts are commercially valuable, but their applications are limited due to high costs of production and harsh industrial processes involved. In this study, the esterase-DSM (from Clostridium thermocellum) was expressed and successfully displayed on the spore surface, and the spore-associated esterase was confirmed by western blot analysis and activity measurements. The optimal temperature and pH of spore surface-displayed DSM was 60 and 8.5 °C, respectively. It also demonstrates a broad temperature and pH optimum in the range of 50–70, 7–9.5 °C. The spore surface-displayed esterase-DSM retained 78, 68 % of its original activity after 5 h incubation at 60 and 70 °C, respectively, which was twofold greater activity than that of the purified DSM. The recombinant spores has high activity and stability in DMSO, which was 49 % higher than the retained activity of the purified DSM in DMSO (20 % v/v), and retained 65.2 % of activity after 7 h of incubation in DMSO (20 % v/v). However, the recombinant spores could retain 77 % activity after 3 rounds of recycling. These results suggest that enzyme displayed on the surface of the Bacillus subtilis spore could serve as an effective approach for enzyme immobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayou Chen
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 10090 Beijing China
- grid.266100.3 0000000121074242 Division of Biological Sciences University of California at San Diego 92093-0116 La Jolla CA USA
| | - Tianxi Zhang
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jinru Jia
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ake Vastermark
- grid.266100.3 0000000121074242 Division of Biological Sciences University of California at San Diego 92093-0116 La Jolla CA USA
| | - Rui Tian
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhong Ni
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhi Chen
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Keping Chen
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shengli Yang
- grid.440785.a 000000010743511X Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu University 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Partial Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable β-Mannanase from Aspergillus foetidus. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/app5040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
183
|
Zafar A, Aftab MN, Din ZU, Aftab S, Iqbal I, Shahid A, Tahir A, Haq IU. Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Xylanase Gene from Bacillus licheniformis for Use in Saccharification of Plant Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:294-311. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
184
|
Liu MQ, Huo WK, Xu X, Jin DF. An immobilized bifunctional xylanase on carbon-coated chitosan nanoparticles with a potential application in xylan-rich biomass bioconversion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
185
|
Zang H, Xie S, Wu H, Wang W, Shao X, Wu L, Rajer FU, Gao X. A novel thermostable GH5_7 β-mannanase from Bacillus pumilus GBSW19 and its application in manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
186
|
Yamabhai M, Sak-Ubol S, Srila W, Haltrich D. Mannan biotechnology: from biofuels to health. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:32-42. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
187
|
Novel LinA type 3 δ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7553-9. [PMID: 26296732 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01683-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LinA is the first enzyme of the microbial degradation pathway of a chlorinated insecticide, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and mediates the dehydrochlorination of α-, γ-, and δ-HCH. Its two variants, LinA type 1 and LinA type 2, which differ at 10 out of 156 amino acid residues, have been described. Their activities for the metabolism of different HCH isomers differ considerably but overall are high for γ-HCH, moderate for α-HCH, low for δ-HCH, and lacking for β-HCH. Here, we describe the characterization of a new variant of this enzyme, LinA type 3, whose gene was identified from the metagenome of an HCH-contaminated soil sample. Its deduced primary structure in the region spanning amino acid residues 1 to 147 of the protein exhibits 17 and 12 differences from LinA type 1 and LinA type 2, respectively. In addition, the residues GIHFAPS, present at the region spanning residues 148 to 154 in both LinA type 1 and LinA type 2, are deleted in LinA type 3.The activity of LinA type 3 for the metabolism of δ-HCH is several orders of magnitude higher than that of LinA type 1 or LinA type 2 and can be useful for improvement of the metabolism of δ-HCH.
Collapse
|
188
|
Improvement in the thermostability of a type A feruloyl esterase, AuFaeA, from Aspergillus usamii by iterative saturation mutagenesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10047-56. [PMID: 26266754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Feruloyl or ferulic acid esterase (Fae, EC 3.1.1.73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds between polysaccharides and phenolic acid compounds in xylan side chain. In this study, the thermostability of a type A feruloyl esterase (AuFaeA) from Aspergillus usamii was increased by iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM). Two amino acids, Ser33 and Asn92, were selected for saturation mutagenesis according to the B-factors analyzed by B-FITTER software and ΔΔG values predicted by PoPMuSiC algorithm. After screening the saturation mutagenesis libraries constructed in Pichia pastoris, 15 promising variants were obtained. The best variant S33E/N92-4 (S33E/N92R) produced a T m value of 44.5 °C, the half-lives (t1/2) of 35 and 198 min at 55 and 50 °C, respectively, corresponding to a 4.7 °C, 2.33- and 3.96-fold improvement compared to the wild type. Additionally, the best S33 variant S33-6 (S33E) was thermostable at 50 °C with a t1/2 of 82 min, which was 32 min longer than that of the wild type. All the screened S33E/N92 variants were more thermostable than the best S33 variant S33-6 (S33E). This work would contribute to the further studies on higher thermostability modification of type A feruloyl esterases, especially those from fungi. The thermostable feruloyl esterase variants were expected to be potential candidates for industrial application in prompting the enzymic degradation of plant biomass materials at elevated temperatures.
Collapse
|
189
|
Panesar PS, Kaur S. Bioutilisation of agro-industrial waste for lactic acid production. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parmjit S. Panesar
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology; Longowal 148106 Punjab India
| | - Shubhneet Kaur
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology; Longowal 148106 Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Bhalla A, Bischoff KM, Sani RK. Highly Thermostable Xylanase Production from A Thermophilic Geobacillus sp. Strain WSUCF1 Utilizing Lignocellulosic Biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:84. [PMID: 26137456 PMCID: PMC4468944 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars requires a complete repertoire of biomass deconstruction enzymes. Hemicellulases play an important role in hydrolyzing hemicellulose component of lignocellulose to xylooligosaccharides and xylose. Thermostable xylanases have been a focus of attention as industrially important enzymes due to their long shelf life at high temperatures. Geobacillus sp. strain WSUCF1 produced thermostable xylanase activity (crude xylanase cocktail) when grown on xylan or various inexpensive untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses such as prairie cord grass and corn stover. The optimum pH and temperature for the crude xylanase cocktail were 6.5 and 70°C, respectively. The WSUCF1 crude xylanase was found to be highly thermostable with half-lives of 18 and 12 days at 60 and 70°C, respectively. At 70°C, rates of xylan hydrolysis were also found to be better with the WSUCF1 secretome than those with commercial enzymes, i.e., for WSUCF1 crude xylanase, Cellic-HTec2, and AccelleraseXY, the percent xylan conversions were 68.9, 49.4, and 28.92, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, WSUCF1 crude xylanase cocktail is among the most thermostable xylanases produced by thermophilic Geobacillus spp. and other thermophilic microbes (optimum growth temperature ≤70°C). High thermostability, activity over wide range of temperatures, and better xylan hydrolysis than commercial enzymes make WSUCF1 crude xylanase suitable for thermophilic lignocellulose bioconversion processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhalla
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , Rapid City, SD , USA
| | - Kenneth M Bischoff
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Peoria, IL , USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , Rapid City, SD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Wang C, Wang H, Ma R, Shi P, Niu C, Luo H, Yang P, Yao B. Biochemical characterization of a novel thermophilic α-galactosidase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 with significant transglycosylation activity. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:7-12. [PMID: 26087712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermophilic α-galactosidases have great potentials in biotechnological and medicinal applications due to their high-temperature activity and specific stability. In this study, a novel α-galactosidase gene of glycoside hydrolase family 27 (aga27A) was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Purified recombinant Aga27A (rAga27A) was thermophilic and thermotolerant, exhibiting the maximum activity at 70°C and retaining stability at 65°C. Like most fungal α-galactosidases, rAga27A had an acidic pH optimum (pH 4.0) but retained stability over a boarder pH range (pH 3.0-11.0) at 70°C. Moreover, the enzyme exhibited strong resistance to most metal ions and chemicals tested (except for Ag(+) and SDS) and great tolerance to galactose (19 mM). The preferable transglycosylation capacity of rAga27A with various substrates further widens its application spectrum. Thus rAga27A with excellent enzymatic properties will be ideal for applications in various industries, especially for the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; Biotechnology Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Canfang Niu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China; CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Liu HX, Gong JS, Li H, Lu ZM, Li H, Qian JY, Xu ZH, Shi JS. Biochemical characterization and cloning of an endo-1,4-β-mannanase from Bacillus subtilis YH12 with unusually broad substrate profile. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
193
|
Kumar GS, Rather GM, Gurramkonda C, Reddy BR. Thermostable α-amylase immobilization: Enhanced stability and performance for starch biocatalysis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:57-66. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulam Mohmad Rather
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi India
| | - Chandrasekhar Gurramkonda
- Department of Chemical; Biochemical and Environmental; Engineering; Technology Research Centre; Centre for Advanced Sensor Technology; University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC); Baltimore MD USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
194
|
Marine extremophiles: a source of hydrolases for biotechnological applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1925-65. [PMID: 25854643 PMCID: PMC4413194 DOI: 10.3390/md13041925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment covers almost three quarters of the planet and is where evolution took its first steps. Extremophile microorganisms are found in several extreme marine environments, such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, salty lakes and deep-sea floors. The ability of these microorganisms to support extremes of temperature, salinity and pressure demonstrates their great potential for biotechnological processes. Hydrolases including amylases, cellulases, peptidases and lipases from hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and piezophiles have been investigated for these reasons. Extremozymes are adapted to work in harsh physical-chemical conditions and their use in various industrial applications such as the biofuel, pharmaceutical, fine chemicals and food industries has increased. The understanding of the specific factors that confer the ability to withstand extreme habitats on such enzymes has become a priority for their biotechnological use. The most studied marine extremophiles are prokaryotes and in this review, we present the most studied archaea and bacteria extremophiles and their hydrolases, and discuss their use for industrial applications.
Collapse
|
195
|
Abstract
Enzymes require some flexibility for catalysis. Biotechnologists prefer stable enzymes but often this stabilization comes at the cost of reduced efficiency. Enzymes from thermophiles have low flexibility but poor catalytic rates. Enzymes from psychrophiles are less stable but show good catalytic rates at low temperature. In organic solvents enzymes perform poorly as the prior drying makes the enzyme molecules very rigid. Adding water or increasing reaction temperature improves flexibility and catalytic rates. In case of hydrolases, flexibility and enantioselectivity have interdependence. Understanding the complex role of protein flexibility in biocatalysis can help in designing biotechnological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Munishwar Nath Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Kananavičiūtė R, Čitavičius D. Genetic engineering of Geobacillus spp. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:31-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
197
|
Baramee S, Phitsuwan P, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Tachaapaikoon C, Kosugi A, Ratanakhanokchai K. Alkaline xylanolytic–cellulolytic multienzyme complex from the novel anaerobic alkalithermophilic bacterium Cellulosibacter alkalithermophilus and its hydrolysis of insoluble polysaccharides under neutral and alkaline conditions. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
198
|
Currin A, Swainston N, Day PJ, Kell DB. Synthetic biology for the directed evolution of protein biocatalysts: navigating sequence space intelligently. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1172-239. [PMID: 25503938 PMCID: PMC4349129 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of a protein affects both its structure and its function. Thus, the ability to modify the sequence, and hence the structure and activity, of individual proteins in a systematic way, opens up many opportunities, both scientifically and (as we focus on here) for exploitation in biocatalysis. Modern methods of synthetic biology, whereby increasingly large sequences of DNA can be synthesised de novo, allow an unprecedented ability to engineer proteins with novel functions. However, the number of possible proteins is far too large to test individually, so we need means for navigating the 'search space' of possible protein sequences efficiently and reliably in order to find desirable activities and other properties. Enzymologists distinguish binding (Kd) and catalytic (kcat) steps. In a similar way, judicious strategies have blended design (for binding, specificity and active site modelling) with the more empirical methods of classical directed evolution (DE) for improving kcat (where natural evolution rarely seeks the highest values), especially with regard to residues distant from the active site and where the functional linkages underpinning enzyme dynamics are both unknown and hard to predict. Epistasis (where the 'best' amino acid at one site depends on that or those at others) is a notable feature of directed evolution. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the approaches that are being developed to allow us to use directed evolution to improve enzyme properties, often dramatically. We note that directed evolution differs in a number of ways from natural evolution, including in particular the available mechanisms and the likely selection pressures. Thus, we stress the opportunities afforded by techniques that enable one to map sequence to (structure and) activity in silico, as an effective means of modelling and exploring protein landscapes. Because known landscapes may be assessed and reasoned about as a whole, simultaneously, this offers opportunities for protein improvement not readily available to natural evolution on rapid timescales. Intelligent landscape navigation, informed by sequence-activity relationships and coupled to the emerging methods of synthetic biology, offers scope for the development of novel biocatalysts that are both highly active and robust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Currin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK . ; http://dbkgroup.org/; @dbkell ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4492
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK
- Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM) , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK
| | - Neil Swainston
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK . ; http://dbkgroup.org/; @dbkell ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4492
- Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM) , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK
- School of Computer Science , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK
| | - Philip J. Day
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK . ; http://dbkgroup.org/; @dbkell ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4492
- Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM) , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PT , UK
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK . ; http://dbkgroup.org/; @dbkell ; Tel: +44 (0)161 306 4492
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK
- Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM) , The University of Manchester , 131, Princess St , Manchester M1 7DN , UK
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Qian C, Liu N, Yan X, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Wang Q. Engineering a high-performance, metagenomic-derived novel xylanase with improved soluble protein yield and thermostability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 70:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
200
|
Boyce A, Walsh G. Characterisation of a novel thermostable endoglucanase from Alicyclobacillus vulcanalis of potential application in bioethanol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7515-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|