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Human papillomavirus prevalence and clinicopathological associations in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in the Lebanese population. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2018; 132:636-641. [PMID: 29954474 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate for the first time the prevalence of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a Middle-Eastern population, and to determine associations between human papillomavirus profiles and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at the Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital (Beirut, Lebanon) between January 2010 and 2016. Existing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples were analysed. Human papillomavirus DNA viral load and p16 expression were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry respectively. RESULTS Thirty patients (mean age of 60 years) were included. Twenty-seven per cent of patients were p16-positive/human papillomavirus DNA positive, 53 per cent were p16-negative/human papillomavirus DNA negative and 20 per cent were p16-positive/human papillomavirus DNA negative. Human papillomavirus 16 was the most frequent subtype (75 per cent). Smoking and alcohol consumption were significantly lower in the human papillomavirus positive group compared to the human papillomavirus negative group (p = 0.049 and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION Human papillomavirus rate was lower than reported rates in Western populations. Possible explanations include differences in social and cultural behaviours.
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Ursu RG, Danciu M, Spiridon IA, Ridder R, Rehm S, Maffini F, McKay-Chopin S, Carreira C, Lucas E, Costan VV, Popescu E, Cobzeanu B, Ghetu N, Iancu LS, Tommasino M, Pawlita M, Holzinger D, Gheit T. Role of mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus types in head and neck cancers in Romania. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199663. [PMID: 29940024 PMCID: PMC6016945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available about the involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in Romanian patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the HPV-attributable fraction in HNSCCs collected in Northeastern Romania. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 189 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (99 oral cavity tumors, 28 oropharynx, 48 pharynx, and 14 larynx/hypopharynx) were analyzed for HPV DNA and RNA using Luminex-based assays, and for overexpression of p16INK4a (p16) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of the 189 cases, 23 (12.2%) were HPV DNA-positive, comprising half of the oropharyngeal cases (14/28, 50.0%) and 9/161 (5.6%) of the non-oropharyngeal cases. HPV16 was the most prevalent HPV type (20/23, 86.9%), followed by HPV18 (5/23, 21.7%) and HPV39 (1/23, 4.3%). Only two (2/189, 1.1%) HNSCC cases were HPV-driven, i.e. positive for both HPV DNA and RNA. CONCLUSION A very small subset of HNSCC cases within this cohort from Northeastern Romania appeared to be HPV-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Gabriela Ursu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Discipline of Microbiology, Iași, Romania
| | - Mihai Danciu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Department of Pathology, Iași, Romania
| | | | - Ruediger Ridder
- Roche MTM Laboratories, Mannheim, Germany
- Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Susanne Rehm
- Roche MTM Laboratories, Mannheim, Germany
- Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Fausto Maffini
- Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Carreira
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Victor-Vlad Costan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iași, Romania
| | - Eugenia Popescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan Cobzeanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Iași, Romania
| | - Nicolae Ghetu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Department of Plastic surgery, Iași, Romania
| | - Luminita Smaranda Iancu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, Discipline of Microbiology, Iași, Romania
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Pawlita
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dana Holzinger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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153
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Correlation of human papillomavirus infection and clinical parameters with five-year survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2018; 132:628-635. [PMID: 29888686 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study associated Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and other clinical parameters with five-year survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS A total of 140 patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma were enlisted. HPV status and subtypes were established through polymerase chain reaction performed in a previously published study. Clinical data including five-year survival were obtained through institutional medical records. RESULTS Ninety-five patients (67.9 per cent) were positive for HPV. Of these, 85 patients were HPV 16 positive while 2 patients were HPV 18 positive. The mean survival time for HPV positive patients was 44.3 months, whereas survival time for HPV negative patients was 46.9 months. Univariate analysis showed that HPV status in oral squamous cell carcinoma was not a statistically significant factor in determining five-year survival rate (p = 0.386). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of HPV positive oral squamous cell carcinoma in Pakistan; however, there is no difference in the five-year survival rate when compared to HPV negative oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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154
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Zahnd WE, Rodriguez C, Jenkins WD. Rural‐Urban Differences in Human Papillomavirus‐associated Cancer Trends and Rates. J Rural Health 2018; 35:208-215. [DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E. Zahnd
- Office of Population Science and PolicySouthern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield Illinois
| | - Christofer Rodriguez
- Office of Population Science and PolicySouthern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield Illinois
| | - Wiley D. Jenkins
- Office of Population Science and PolicySouthern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield Illinois
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Bandhary SK, Shetty V, Saldanha M, Gatti P, Devegowda D, R PS, Shetty AK. Detection of Human Papilloma Virus and Risk Factors among Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Attending a Tertiary Referral Centre in South India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1325-1330. [PMID: 29802694 PMCID: PMC6031850 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally. In India, on an average 25-30% of all cancer cases affect the head and neck. The etiological factors associated with HNSCC are tobacco, alcohol and environmental carcinogens. However there are few cases, where there are no obvious risk factors involved. In western counties, there are many reports of human papilloma virus (HPV) association with HNSCC. Hence, we conducted a study to determine the role of HPV infection and risk factors among patients with HNSCC. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre from January 2014 to March 2016. 88 patients were enrolled in the study. Socio- demographic, behavioural data, site and subsite involvement, histopathology, staging and treatment were documented. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of HPV DNA using consensus primers MY 09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ and further the samples were subjected to PCR for detecting HPV type 16 and 18. Results: The study included 88 participants with HNSCC. 57 had oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 11 with laryngeal malignancy and 20 involving hypopharynx. Among the participants buccal mucosa (n=22) was the most common subsite involved, majority (50%) had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 53.4% presented in stage IV. 2 (2.6%) cases were positive for HPV consensus and both were positive for HPV 16, one case each in larynx and hypopharynx. There was statistical significance in the association between betel nut chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol intake as risk factors in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. Conclusion: In our setting in South India, HPV does not play a major role in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC but betel nut chewing, tobacco exposure and alcohol consumption remain major risk factors for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh K Bandhary
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, K.S.Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University-575018 Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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HPV E6 oncoproteins and nucleic acids in neck lymph node fine needle aspirates and oral samples from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 6:1-5. [PMID: 29842928 PMCID: PMC5986165 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Commercial assays measuring HPV E6 viral oncoproteins, E6/E7 mRNA or DNA were used to test neck lymph node fine needle aspirates (FNA) and oropharyngeal samples (saliva and oral swabs) from 59 Canadian patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Overall agreements of p16 antigen staining of tumors to FNA tested for OncoE6™, Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA and cobas HPV DNA were 81.4% (k 0.53), 94.9% (k 0.83) and 91.1% (k 0.73) respectively. Using HPV presence in a subset of 25 tumors as the comparator, overall agreement was 64.0% (k 0.08) with OncoE6™, 88.0% (k 0.65) with Aptima HPV E6/E7 mRNA and 91.7% (k 0.70) with cobas HPV DNA. HPV testing of oropharyngeal samples yielded lower agreements with tumor markers; 23.7-24.0% (k 0.02), 55.9-68.0% (k 0.24-0.37) and 78.9-86.9% (k 0.49-0.58) in the 3 respective tests. HPV 16 was present in 93.7-100% of the samples tested and showed 100% genotype agreement between FNA and tumors. The high rates for HPV E6 oncoproteins and E6/E7 mRNA suggests most patients were experiencing transcriptionally active HPV-related OPSCC. Results from these commercial assays performed on FNA but not oropharyngeal samples showed moderate to very good agreements with p16 and HPV testing of tumors.
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Poluschkin L, Rautava J, Turunen A, Wang Y, Hedman K, Syrjänen K, Grenman R, Syrjänen S. Polyomaviruses detectable in head and neck carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22642-22652. [PMID: 29854304 PMCID: PMC5978254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses (PyV) independent or jointly with human papillomavirus (HPV), might have a role in head and neck carcinomas (HNSCC). We analyzed the prevalence and viral DNA loads of SV40, JCV and BKV with quantitative PCR (qPCR) and all 13 HPyVs with a novel Multiplex method in 82 HNSCC samples with known HPV status and disease-specific survival (DSS) and 24 HNSCC cell lines. JCV was the most prevalent PyV present in 37% of HNSCC and the most prevalent sites were lip (80%), larynx (67%) and oral cavity (59%). JCV viral load was highest in larynx but variation was wide (152514 mean copies/μg DNA, SD± 304820). BKV was found only in one oral carcinoma with low viral load. SV40 was detected in 60% lip and 20.7% oral carcinomas with low copy numbers (6.6- 23.7 copies/μg DNA). Altogether, 86% of JCV-positive samples were co-infected with HPV (p=0.001), with no impact on DSS. Agreement between qPCR and Multiplex methods was substantial (Cohen's kappa= 0.659). Multiplex method detected additional HPyV in five samples. JCV was found in 9/24 HNSCC cell lines, all deriving from oral cavity. Our data provide evidence that JCV might have a role in HNSCC as independent virus or co-factor of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Poluschkin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Aaro Turunen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus Hedman
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, 00880 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reidar Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
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158
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Yuan Y, Wang L, Li QX, Zhang JY, Xu ZX, Guo CB. Retrospective study of survival in human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with primary surgery and associated prognostic factors. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2355-2362. [PMID: 29740211 PMCID: PMC5931236 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is an aggressive malignancy which has been investigated for decades and reported highly associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, yet there is no consensus reached on the optimal treatment paradigm. The relatively lower prevalence of HPV in China makes it important to evaluate the outcomes of HPV-negative OPSCC. Purpose Our study was carried out in an attempt to evaluate the outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated with primary surgery and identify the associated prognostic factors. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of the primary surgically treated HPV-negative OPSCC cases at our institution between 2008 and 2013. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic factors of outcomes were investigated by uni- and multivariate analyses. Results In this study, neck metastasis rate was 61.3%. Level II nodes were the most vulnerable. The 3-year disease-specific survival, overall survival, and disease-free survival rates were 76.7%, 75.6%, and 62.8%, respectively. Forearm free flaps were the most commonly utilized in the reconstructions. A multivariate analysis indicated that N stage and adjuvant radiotherapy were predictive factors for 3-year disease-specific survival. Conclusion The outcomes of the surgical treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were acceptable, and N-stage, adjuvant radiotherapy were identified as prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Bin Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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159
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Augustin J, Outh-Gauer S, Mandavit M, Gasne C, Grard O, Denize T, Nervo M, Mirghani H, Laccourreye O, Bonfils P, Bruneval P, Veyer D, Péré H, Tartour E, Badoual C. Evaluation of the efficacy of the 4 tests (p16 immunochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, DNA, and RNA in situ hybridization) to evaluate a human papillomavirus infection in head and neck cancers: a cohort of 348 French squamous cell carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2018; 78:63-71. [PMID: 29684499 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is now established that human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a role in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), notably oropharyngeal (OP) SCCs. However, it is not clear which test one should use to detect HPV in OP and non-OP SCCs. In this study, using 348 head and neck SCCs (126 OP SCCs and 222 non-OP SCCs), we evaluated diagnostic performances of different HPV tests in OP and non-OP SCCs: polymerase chain reaction, p16 immunostaining, in situ hybridization targeting DNA (DNA-CISH) and RNA (RNA-CISH), combined p16 + DNA-CISH, and combined p16 + RNA-CISH. HPV DNA (polymerase chain reaction) was detected in 26% of all tumors (44% of OP SCCs and 17% of non-OP SCCs). For OP SCCs, RNA-CISH was the most sensitive stand-alone test (88%), but p16 + RNA-CISH was even more sensitive (95%). Specificities were the same for RNA-CISH and DNA-CISH (97%), but it was better for p16 + RNA-CISH (100%). For non-OP SCCs, all tests had sensitivities less than 50%, and RNA-CISH, DNA-CISH, and p16 + DNA-CISH had 100%, 97%, and 99% specificities, respectively. As a stand-alone test, RNA-CISH is the most performant assay to detect HPV in OP SCCs, and combined p16 + RNA-CISH test slightly improves its performances. However, RNA-CISH has the advantage of being one single test. Like p16 and DNA-CISH, RNA-CISH performances are poor in non-OP SCCs to detect HPV, and combining tests does not improve performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Augustin
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Outh-Gauer
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Marion Mandavit
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Cassandre Gasne
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Department of ENT Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Ophélie Grard
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Thomas Denize
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Marine Nervo
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Haïtham Mirghani
- Department of ENT Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Ollivier Laccourreye
- Department of ENT Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Bonfils
- Department of ENT Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - David Veyer
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Department of microbiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Péré
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Department of microbiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Badoual
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U970, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France.
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160
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de Abreu PM, Có ACG, Azevedo PL, do Valle IB, de Oliveira KG, Gouvea SA, Cordeiro-Silva MF, Louro ID, de Podestá JRV, Lenzi J, Sena A, Mendonça EF, von Zeidler SLV. Frequency of HPV in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:324. [PMID: 29580212 PMCID: PMC5870524 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cases of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) varies widely. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of high-risk HPV DNA in a large Brazilian cohort of patients with oral cavity SCC. METHODS Biopsy and resected frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of oral cavity SCC were available from 101 patients who were recruited at two Brazilian centres. Stringent measures with respect to case selection and prevention of sample contamination were adopted to ensure reliability of the data. Nested PCR using MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ as well as PGMY09/11 L1 consensus primers were performed to investigate the presence of HPV DNA in the tumours. HPV-positive cases were subjected to direct sequencing. Shapiro-Wilk and Student t test were used to evaluate data normality and to compare the means, respectively. Qualitative variables were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that the frequency of high-risk HPV types in oral cavity SCC is very low and is less than 4%. All HPV-positive cases were HPV16. In addition, our results do not show a significant association between the tumour clinical features and the risk factors (tobacco, alcohol and HPV) for oral cavity SCC. CONCLUSION In the current study, we observed an overlapping pattern of risk factors that are related to tumour development. This, along with a low frequency of high-risk HPV DNA, supports the findings that HPV is not involved in the genesis of oral cavity SCC in Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Marinho de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara Gregório Có
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leite Azevedo
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil
| | - Isabella Bittencourt do Valle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Karine Gadioli de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Sônia Alves Gouvea
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Iúri Drummond Louro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Vasconcelos de Podestá
- Programa de Prevenção e Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Lenzi
- Programa de Prevenção e Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Agenor Sena
- Programa de Prevenção e Detecção Precoce do Câncer Bucal, Setor de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Lúcia Ventorin von Zeidler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil.
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LeHew CW, Weatherspoon DJ, Peterson CE, Goben A, Reitmajer K, Sroussi H, Kaste LM. The Health System and Policy Implications of Changing Epidemiology for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers in the United States From 1995 to 2016. Epidemiol Rev 2018; 39:132-147. [PMID: 28402398 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers are typically grouped under the general term, "oral cancer." Yet, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers is increasing in the United States, while the incidence of oral cavity cancers has declined. These 2 distinct but conflated groups of oral cancers are attributed to different risk factors. Incidence and survival trends were examined across US population groups and by anatomical subsite. Disparities in incidence and survival by sex, race/ethnicity, and subsite were identified. Risk factors are complex, interactive, and not fully identified. Cancer control research illustrates health disparities in access to care and patient outcomes. Database and supplemental searches yielded 433 articles published between 1995 and 2016 characterizing aspects of oral cancer epidemiology relating to incidence, survival, risk, disparities, and cancer control. Oral cavity cancer survival in black men remains the most intractable burden. Although understanding of oral cancer etiology is improving, application to policy is limited. Cancer control efforts are diverse, sporadic, limited in scope, and generally lacking in success, and they need stratification by oral cavity cancers/oropharyngeal cancers. Further intervention and epidemiologic research, improved workforce capacity, and integrated care delivery are identified as important directions for public health policy. Sustained, multilevel campaigns modeled on tobacco control success are suggested.
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162
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Vulvar cancer: Two pathways with different localization and prognosis. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:310-317. [PMID: 29555332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two etiologic pathways for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are described: in a background of lichen sclerosus and/or differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) as precursor. The aim was to compare the predilection site and survival of HPV-related to non HPV-related vulvar SCCs. METHODS Data of patients treated for primary vulvar SCC at the Radboudumc between March 1988 and January 2015 were analyzed. All histological specimens were tested for HPV with the SPF10/DEIA/LiPA25 system assay and p16INK4a staining was performed using CINtec® histology kit. Vulvar SCCs were considered HPV-related in case of either >25% p16INK4a expression and HPV positivity or >25% p16INK4a expression and HSIL next to the tumor without HPV positivity. Tumor localization, disease specific survival (DSS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with HPV-related and non HPV-related vulvar SCC were compared. RESULTS In total 318 patients were included: 55 (17%) had HPV-related (Group 1) and 263 (83%) had non HPV-related vulvar SCC (Group 2). Tumors in Group 1 were significantly more often located at the perineum compared to Group 2, 30% and 14%, respectively (p=0.001). The DSS, DFS and OS were significantly better in HPV-related than in non HPV-related vulvar SCC patients. CONCLUSION HPV-related vulvar SCCs are more frequently located at the perineum and have a favorable prognosis compared to non HPV-related vulvar SCCs. Both localization and HPV-relation could explain this favorable prognosis. HPV-related vulvar SCC seems to be a separate entity.
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163
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Soares GR, de Moura CFG, Silva MJD, Vilegas W, Santamarina AB, Pisani LP, Estadella D, Ribeiro DA. Protective effects of purple carrot extract (Daucus carota) against rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Med Oncol 2018; 35:54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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164
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Schomberg J, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H, Norden-Krichmar T. Identification of a gene expression signature predicting survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma using Monte Carlo cross validation. Oral Oncol 2018; 78:72-79. [PMID: 29496061 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify a robust signature that performs well in predicting overall survival across tumor phenotypes and treatment strata, and validates the application of Monte Carlo cross validation (MCCV) as a means of identifying molecular signatures when utilizing small and highly heterogeneous datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA sequence gene expression data for 264 patient tumors were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). 100 iterations of Monte Carlo cross validation were applied to differential expression and Cox model validation. The association between the gene signature risk score and overall survival was measured using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, univariate, and multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Pathway analysis findings indicate that ligand-gated ion channel pathways are the most significantly enriched with the genes in the aggregated signature. The aggregated signature described in this study is predictive of overall survival in oral cancer patients across demographic and treatment strata. CONCLUSION This study reinforces previous findings supporting the role of ion channel gating, interleukin, calcitonin receptor, and keratinization pathways in tumor progression and treatment response in oral cancer. These results strengthen the argument that differential expression of genes within these pathways reduces tumor susceptibility to treatment. Conducting differential gene expression (DGE) with Monte Carlo cross validation, as this study describes, offers a potential solution to decreasing the variability in DGE results across future studies that are reliant upon highly heterogeneous datasets. This improves the ability of studies reliant upon similarly structured datasets to reach results that are reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Schomberg
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
| | - Trina Norden-Krichmar
- Department of Epidemiology School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
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165
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Gary C, Hajek M, Biktasova A, Bellinger G, Yarbrough WG, Issaeva N. Selective antitumor activity of roscovitine in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38598-38611. [PMID: 27233076 PMCID: PMC5122414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy that are commonly used to treat human cancers damage cellular DNA. DNA damage appears to be more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells, most likely due to deregulated checkpoint activation and/or deficiency in DNA repair pathways that are characteristics of many tumors. However, unwanted side effects arise as a result of DNA damage to normal cells during the treatment. Here, we show that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that inhibits CDK-1, CDK-2, CDK-5, CDK-7, and CDK-9 due to competitive binding to the ATP site on the kinases, causes significant DNA damage followed by p53-dependent cell death in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive, but not in HPV-negative, head and neck cancer cells. Since HPV positivity was a molecular marker for increased sensitivity of cells to roscovitine, we reasoned that systemic roscovitine administration would not be toxic to healthy HPV-negative tissue. Indeed, low roscovitine doses significantly inhibited the growth of HPV-associated xenografted tumors in mice without causing any detectable side effects. Given that inhibition of CDKs has been shown to inhibit replication of several viruses, we suggest that roscovitine treatment may represent a selective and safe targeted therapeutic option against HPV-positive head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Gary
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Michael Hajek
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Asel Biktasova
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Current address: Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Australia
| | - Gary Bellinger
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Wendell G Yarbrough
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA.,Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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166
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Association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin use and the risk of head and neck cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65196-65207. [PMID: 27533449 PMCID: PMC5323148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, have emerged as the potential chemopreventive agents for a number of cancer types, however, previous studies of head and neck cancers (HNC) have yielded inconclusive results. We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantitatively assess the association between NSAIDs use and the risk for HNC. Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, Google scholar, and Cochrane library for relevant studies that were published in any language, from January 1980 to April 2016. We pooled the odds ratio (OR) from individual studies and performed subgroup, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses. Results A total of eleven studies (eight case-control studies and three cohort studies), involving 370,000 participants and 10,673 HNC cases contributed to this meta-analysis. The results of these studies suggested that neither use of overall NSAIDs (OR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.81-1.11), aspirin (OR=0.93; 95% CI, 0.79-1.10), nor nonsteroidal NSAIDs (OR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.76-1.10) were associated with HNC risk. Similar nonsteroidal results were observed when stratified by HNC sites, study design, sample size, and varied adjustment factors. However, we found significant protective effect of ibuprofen (OR=0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99) and long-term aspirin use (≧5years) (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.65-0.85) on HNC risk, with low heterogeneity and publication bias. Conclusions Our meta-analysis results do not support the hypothesis that overall use of NSAIDs significant reduces the risk of HNC. Whereas, we cannot rule out a modest reduction in HNC risk associated with ibuprofen and long-term aspirin use.
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167
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Gong W, Xiao Y, Wei Z, Yuan Y, Qiu M, Sun C, Zeng X, Liang X, Feng M, Chen Q. Toward the use of precision medicine for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2141-2152. [PMID: 27924064 PMCID: PMC5356787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is a new strategy that aims at preventing and treating human diseases by focusing on individual variations in people's genes, environment and lifestyle. Precision medicine has been used for cancer diagnosis and treatment and shows evident clinical efficacy. Rapid developments in molecular biology, genetics and sequencing technologies, as well as computational technology, has enabled the establishment of "big data", such as the Human Genome Project, which provides a basis for precision medicine. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive cancer with a high incidence rate and low survival rate. Current therapies are often aggressive and carry considerable side effects. Much research now indicates that precision medicine can be used for HNSCC and may achieve improved results. From this perspective, we present an overview of the current status, potential strategies, and challenges of precision medicine in HNSCC. We focus on targeted therapy based on cell the surface signaling receptors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT3 and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK cellular signaling pathways. Gene therapy for the treatment of HNSCC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yandi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chongkui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingye Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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168
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Pandey M, Kannepali KK, Dixit R, Kumar M. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its correlation with HPV status, EGFR, Her-2-neu, and GADD45 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:20. [PMID: 29386013 PMCID: PMC5793383 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck cancers are the commonest cancer in Southeast Asia. Despite being a surface cancer, it is associated with significant morbidity as despite early detection by the patients they often report for treatment late and hence are associated with poor prognosis. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck cancer is still under evaluation; there is a large subgroup of population that does not respond to chemotherapy, and hence, most studies have failed to show any survival benefit. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant therapy with docetaxel and carboplatin in patients with oral cancer and correlated the response to human papilloma virus, EGFR1, EGFR2, and GADD45 expression. Methods A total of 24 locally advanced, non-metastatic oral cancer patients were included in the study. Tumor biopsies were taken prior to the start of neoadjuvant therapy for expression of EGFR, Her-2-Neu, and GADD45 by immunohistochemistry and for HPV by PCR. The response was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria after three cycles of chemotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation and Kaplan–Meier analysis; the difference in survival was calculated with log rank test. Results A total of 21 male and 3 female with a mean age of 53.12 years were enrolled. Sixty-five percent of these received three cycles of chemotherapy. Five patients were positive for HPV 16 and none for HPV 18. Twenty-two of 24 patients showed GADD45 expression, 3 showed expression of Her-2-Neu while all 24 showed expression for EGFR1 protein. Two-year overall survival was 81%; GADD45 expressions were found to significantly affect the overall and disease-free survival, while any of the other protein expression studied and HPV status was not significant. Conclusion The result of the present study shows significant downgrading of the oral cancers with neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggesting its utility in borderline operable cases. However, the response of chemotherapy does not appear to be related to the expression of EGFR, Her-2-Neu, and GADD45 protein or presence of HPV. Bone involvement, perineural invasion, and GADD45 expression significantly predict OS and DFS. All patients who did not express Gadd45 died before 2 years. Study with more subjects and longer follow-up should be carried out to elucidate this relation further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
| | - Krishna Kiran Kannepali
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Ruhi Dixit
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
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169
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Kim YI, Cheon GJ, Kang SY, Paeng JC, Kang KW, Lee DS, Chung JK. Prognostic value of simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI using a combination of metabolo-volumetric parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient in treated head and neck cancer. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:2. [PMID: 29322269 PMCID: PMC5762617 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of combined positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters provided by simultaneous 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI for the prediction of treatment failure in surgically resected head and neck cancer. We hypothesized that PET parameters corrected by tumor cellularity (combined PET/MRI parameters) could predict the prognosis. On regional PET, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured as metabolic parameters. In addition, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were checked as metabolo-volumetric parameters. Mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) of tumor was evaluated as the MRI parameter on the ADC map. Ratios between metabolic/metabolo-volumetric parameters and ADC were calculated as combined PET/MRI parameters. PET, MRI, and combined PET/MRI parameters were compared with clinicopathologic parameters in terms of treatment failure. Results Seventy-two patients (mean age = 55.9 ± 14.6 year, M: F = 45: 27) who underwent simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MRI before head and neck cancer surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Twenty-two patients (30.6%) showed tumor treatment failure after head and neck cancer surgery (mean treatment failure = 13.0 ± 7.0 months). In the univariate analysis, MTV (P = 0.044) and ratios between metabolo-volumetric parameters and ADC (MTV/ADCmean, P = 0.022; TLG/ADCmean, P = 0.044) demonstrated significance among 18F-FDG PET/MRI parameters. Lymphatic invasion (P = 0.044) and perineural invasion (P = 0.046) revealed significance among clinicopathologic parameters. In the multivariate analysis, MTV (P = 0.026), MTV/ADCmean (P = 0.011), and TLG/ADCmean (P = 0.002) with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.026, 0.026, and 0.044, respectively) showed significance. Conclusions Combined PET/MRI parameters (PET metabolo-volumetric parameters corrected by tumor cellularity) could be effective predictors of tumor treatment failure after head and neck cancer surgery in addition to MTV and clinicopathologic parameter. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0357-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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170
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Lafaurie GI, Perdomo SJ, Buenahora MR, Amaya S, Díaz-Báez D. Human papilloma virus: An etiological and prognostic factor for oral cancer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12313. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria I. Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Sandra J. Perdomo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
| | - María R. Buenahora
- Unit of Oral Clinical Epidemiology; School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Sandra Amaya
- School of Dentistry, University of Valle; Cali Colombia
| | - David Díaz-Báez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, El Bosque University; Bogotá Colombia
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171
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van den Bovenkamp K, Dorgelo B, Noordhuis MG, van der Laan BFAM, van der Vegt B, Bijl HP, Roodenburg JL, van Dijk BAC, Oosting SF, Schuuring EMD, Langendijk JA, Halmos GB, Plaat BEC. Viable tumor in salvage neck dissections in head and neck cancer: Relation with initial treatment, change of lymph node size and human papillomavirus. Oral Oncol 2018; 77:131-136. [PMID: 29362119 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify predictive factors for the presence of viable tumor and outcome in head and neck cancer patients who undergo therapeutic salvage neck dissections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 76 salvage neck dissections after radiotherapy alone (n = 22), radiotherapy in combination with carboplatin/5-fluorouracil (n = 42) or with cetuximab (n = 12). RESULTS Viable tumor was detected in 41% of all neck dissections. Univariate analysis revealed initial treatment with radiotherapy without systemic therapy (OR 6.93, 95%CI: 2.28-21.07, p < .001), increased lymph node size after initial treatment compared to pretreatment CT scan (OR 20.48, 95%CI: 2.46-170.73, p = .005), more extensive neck dissections (OR 8.40, 95%CI: 2.94-23.98, p < .001), and human papillomavirus negative cancer (OR 4.22, 95%CI: 1.10-16.22, p = .036) as predictors of viable tumor. Patients with decreased or stable, but persistently enlarged lymph node size after chemoradiation had a significantly lower chance of viable tumor (OR 0.15, 95%CI: 0.05-0.41, p < .001). Disease-specific 5-year survival was 34% in case of viable tumor, and 78% when no viable tumor was found (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Viable tumor in salvage neck dissections is associated with reduced survival. Radiotherapy alone, human papillomavirus negative cancer and increase in lymph node size, are associated with viable tumor in salvage neck dissections. In case of decreased or stable lymph node size after chemoradiation, watchful waiting could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn van den Bovenkamp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bart Dorgelo
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik P Bijl
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan L Roodenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boukje A C van Dijk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Comprehensive Cancer Organisation The Netherlands (IKNL), P.O. Box 19.079, 3501DB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoukje F Oosting
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed M D Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gyorgy B Halmos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn E C Plaat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-OPSCC) comprises approximately 25% of all head and neck cancers (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC). Epidemiologic studies have shown a dramatic increase of HPV-OPSCC in the past 2 decades, whereas tobacco-related HNSCC rates are decreasing worldwide. The distinctions between HPV-OPSCC and oral cavity cancers are now reflected in the most recent editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Head and Neck and the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, respectively. This review describes current understanding of the link between HPV infection and OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Imai Tanaka
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Robert Schattner Center #215, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, 328B, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Farsi NJ, Rousseau MC, Schlecht N, Castonguay G, Allison P, Nguyen-Tan PF, Souliéres D, Coutlée F, Hier M, Madathil S, Franco EL, Nicolau B. Aetiological heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: the role of human papillomavirus infections, smoking and alcohol. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1188-1195. [PMID: 29029021 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays a causal role in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), a subset of HNSCC. We assessed the independent effects of tobacco, alcohol and HPV infection on OPC risk in the head and neck cancer (HeNCe) Life study, a hospital-based case-control study of HNSCC with frequency-matched controls by age and sex from four Montreal hospitals. Interviewers collected information on socio-demographic and behavioural factors. We tested exfoliated oral cells for HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We included only OPC cases (n = 188) and controls (n = 427) without missing values for HPV, smoking or alcohol. We examined associations by estimating odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using unconditional logistic regression. Smoking (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.04-3.45) and alcohol (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.45-5.15) were associated with an increased risk of OPC independent of HPV status. Positivity for HPV 16 among heavy smokers and heavy alcohol users was associated with a 30.4-fold (95% CI: 8.94-103.26) and 18.6-fold (95% CI: 5.75-60.13) elevation in risk of OPC relative to participants who were HPV negative, respectively. Moreover, the combined effect of heavy smoking and alcohol comsumption with HPV 16 infection substantially increased OPC risk (OR = 48.76, 95% CI: 15.83-150.17) and (OR = 50.60, 95% CI: 15.96-160.40), respectively. Our results support the independent roles of smoking, alcohol and HPV infection in OPC risk and a possible combined effect. Efforts should be made to tackle these major risk factors simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada J Farsi
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Canada
| | - Nicolas Schlecht
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Geneviève Castonguay
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada
| | - Paul Allison
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Phuc Félix Nguyen-Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Denis Souliéres
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Francois Coutlée
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Michael Hier
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Canada
| | - Sreenath Madathil
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Canada
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Canada
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174
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Prostate tumor overexpressed-1, in conjunction with human papillomavirus status, predicts outcome in early-stage human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31878-91. [PMID: 26992242 PMCID: PMC5077983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In human cancer, molecular markers combined with clinical characteristics are used increasingly to predict prognosis. Prostate tumor overexpressed-1 (PTOV1), first identified in prostate cancer, is a key factor in tumor progression and correlates with unfavorable clinical outcomes. HPV infection status was tested by HPV E6-targeted multiplex real-time PCR and p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Real-time PCR and western blotting analyses were used to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTOV1 in eight paired LSCC samples. IHC was performed to assess PTOV1 protein expression in 196 paraffin-embedded, archived LSCC samples. PTOV1 protein and mRNA expression was increased in LSCC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue samples. High expression of PTOV1was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage by the X2 test. Multivariate analysis revealed that PTOV1 and HPV status were independent prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.001, P = 0.009 for OS, P = 0.005, P = 0.012 for PFS, respectively). Our study provides the first evidence that the combination of PTOV1 expression level and HPV status provides more prognostic information compared with HPV status alone with the significance still exists in the HPV negative subgroup.
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175
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Khammanivong A, Sorenson BS, Ross KF, Dickerson EB, Hasina R, Lingen MW, Herzberg MC. Involvement of calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in molecular pathways associated with HNSCC. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14029-47. [PMID: 26883112 PMCID: PMC4924696 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin (S100A8/A9), a heterodimeric protein complex of calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9, plays key roles in cell cycle regulation and inflammation, with potential functions in squamous cell differentiation. While upregulated in many cancers, S100A8/A9 is downregulated in squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix, esophagus, and the head and neck (HNSCC). We previously reported that ectopic S100A8/A9 expression inhibits cell cycle progression in carcinoma cells. Here, we show that declining expression of S100A8/A9 in patients with HNSCC is associated with increased DNA methylation, less differentiated tumors, and reduced overall survival. Upon ectopic over-expression of S100A8/A9, the cancer phenotype of S100A8/A9-negative carcinoma cells was suppressed in vitro and tumor growth in vivo was significantly decreased. MMP1, INHBA, FST, LAMC2, CCL3, SULF1, and SLC16A1 were significantly upregulated in HNSCC but were downregulated by S100A8/A9 expression. Our findings strongly suggest that downregulation of S100A8/A9 through epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to increased proliferation, malignant transformation, and disease progression in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brent S Sorenson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen F Ross
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rifat Hasina
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark C Herzberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Mucosal and Vaccine Research Center, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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176
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Kim SM, Kwon IJ, Myoung H, Lee JH, Lee SK. Identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) subtype in oral cancer patients through microarray technology. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275:535-543. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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177
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Lowe NM, Bernstein JM, Mais K, Garcez K, Lee LW, Sykes A, Thomson DJ, Homer JJ, West CM, Slevin NJ. Taxane, platinum and 5-FU prior to chemoradiotherapy benefits patients with stage IV neck node-positive head and neck cancer and a good performance status. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:389-401. [PMID: 29222650 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The benefit of adding docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether ICT is well tolerated when given with prophylactic treatment against predicted adverse effects and which patients benefit most. METHODS A single-centre audit identified 132 HNSCC patients with stage IVa/b neck node-positive disease, prescribed TPF followed by CRT. TPF involved three cycles of docetaxel (75 mg/m2 IV) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2 IV) on day 1 plus 5-FU (750 mg/m2 IV) on days 2-5. Planned CRT was 66 Gy in 30 fractions of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin (100 mg/m2 IV) at the beginning of week 1 and 4 (days 1 and 22). All patients received prophylactic antibiotics and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. RESULTS Median follow-up was 39.5 months. 92.4% of patients completed three cycles of TPF; 95.5% of patients started chemoradiotherapy. Grade 3/4 adverse events were low (febrile neutropenia 3.0%), with no toxicity-related deaths. 3-year overall survival was 67.2%; disease-specific survival was 78.7%; locoregional control was 78.3%. Distant metastases rate was 9.8% (3.0% in those without locoregional recurrence). Good performance status (p = 0.002) and poor tumour differentiation (p = 0.018) were associated with improved overall survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION With prophylactic antibiotics and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor TPF was well tolerated with good survival outcomes. TPF should remain a treatment option for stage IV neck node-positive patients with a good performance status. The use of tumour grade to aid patient selection for TPF warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Lowe
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK. .,Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Jonathan M Bernstein
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, The Royal Marsden, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Kathleen Mais
- Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kate Garcez
- Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Lip W Lee
- Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew Sykes
- Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
| | - David J Thomson
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK.,Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Jarrod J Homer
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK.,University Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, England, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Catharine M West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Nicholas J Slevin
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK.,Head and Neck Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, England, M20 4BX, UK
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178
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Jacobi C, Rauch J, Hagemann J, Lautz T, Reiter M, Baumeister P. Prognostic value of the lymph node ratio in oropharyngeal carcinoma stratified for HPV-status. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 275:515-524. [PMID: 29204919 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymph node ratio (LNR) was shown to be a prognostic factor in laryngeal and oral cavity primaries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the lymph node ratio in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with a high incidence of HPV-related disease. Therefore, the role of LNR was evaluated as an additional predictive parameter to the 8th edition of AJCC TNM staging system. METHODS From December 2009 to August 2015, patients diagnosed with primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were prospectively enrolled. After tumor resection with uni- or bilateral neck dissection, patients with ≥ 1 nodal metastasis (pN+) were eligible for a retrospective LNR analysis. RESULTS 137 patients underwent tumor resection with uni- or bilateral neck dissection. The proportion of HPV-associated disease was 42%. Most patients (n = 96; 70%) presented with involved neck nodes. In p16-positive OPSCC, the rate of pN + cases was significantly increased compared to p16-negative OPSCC (86% vs. 58%, p = 0.007). Patients with LNR ≤ 10% had a significant better overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). However, when stratified for p16-status, LNR ≤ 10% had a significant impact on OS only for HPV-associated tumors (p = 0.027), whereas LNR of ≤ 10% was not a significant predictor for better OS in p16-negative OPSCC (p = 0.143). CONCLUSION The LNR with a cut-off value of 10% serves as an additional prognostic parameter in HPV-related OPSCC and may help to improve risk stratification in combination with the revised AJCC 8th edition TNM classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jacobi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Josepha Rauch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Thomas Lautz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reiter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
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179
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Chen WC, Chu PY, Lee YT, Lu WB, Liu CY, Chang PMH, Yang MH. Pembrolizumab for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Asian population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9519. [PMID: 29384959 PMCID: PMC6392576 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high prevalence and is a major cause of cancer deaths in Taiwan. However, there is still no effective salvage therapy that prolongs the life expectancy of patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) HNSCC. Immune checkpoint therapy that targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) may provide clinical benefit for these patients. We analyzed 22 R/M HNSCC patients who received pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against PD-1, as salvage therapy. Intravenous pembrolizumab was given at a fixed dosage of 100 or 200 mg every 3 weeks. Three patients also received local palliative radiotherapy, but no patients received chemotherapy or targeted drugs. Seventeen patients (77.3%) received at least 3 cycles of pembrolizumab. Based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria (ver. 1.1), 2 patients (9.1%) had complete response, 5 (22.7%) had partial response, and 6 (27.3%) had stable disease, corresponding to a disease control rate of 59.1%. Four patients had confirmed disease progression, 2 of whom had continuous progression over the target lesion after shrinkage of other metastases. One patient developed immune-related pneumonitis that resolved quickly after steroid treatment. Another patient developed itchy skin rashes immediately after administration of pembrolizumab, and this was controlled by an antihistamine. There were no other severe adverse effects. Pembrolizumab is beneficial and well-tolerated for some patients with refractory R/M HNSCC. However, it is important to identify biomarkers to identify the most responsive patients when designing future trials.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Comorbidity
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Pilot Projects
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Retrospective Studies
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Pen-Yuan Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yu-Ting Lee
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Department of Medicine, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wujin People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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180
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Rasmussen CL, Sand FL, Hoffmann Frederiksen M, Kaae Andersen K, Kjaer SK. Does HPV status influence survival after vulvar cancer? Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1158-1165. [PMID: 29090456 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is essential in the carcinogenesis of a substantial part of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers and has additionally been shown to be a possible predictive marker for survival, especially in oropharyngeal cancer. Studies examining the influence of HPV status on survival after vulvar cancer have been conflicting and limited by small study populations. Therefore, the aim of this review and meta-analysis was to examine whether HPV status influences survival after vulvar cancer, which, to our knowledge, has not been done before. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase to identify studies examining survival after histologically verified and HPV tested vulvar cancer. A total of 18 studies were eligible for inclusion. Study-specific and pooled HRs of the 5-year OS and DFS were calculated using a fixed effects model. The I2 statistic was used to describe heterogeneity. The studies included a total of 1,638 women with HPV tested vulvar cancers of which 541 and 1,097 were HPV-positive and HPV-negative, respectively. Fifteen studies included only squamous cell carcinomas. We found a pooled HR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.48-0.77) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.57-1.00) for 5-year OS and DFS, respectively. Across study heterogeneity was moderate to high (OS: I2 = 51%; DFS: I2 = 73%). In conclusion, women with HPV-positive vulvar cancers have a superior survival compared to women with HPV-negative, which could be of great clinical interest and provides insight into the differences in the natural history of HPV-positive and negative vulvar cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freja Laerke Sand
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Kaae Andersen
- Unit of Statistics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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181
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Belobrov S, Cornall AM, Young RJ, Koo K, Angel C, Wiesenfeld D, Rischin D, Garland SM, McCullough M. The role of human papillomavirus in p16-positive oral cancers. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 47:18-24. [PMID: 29024035 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify the presence and frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) nucleic acid in p16-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), to assess whether the virus was transcriptionally active and to assess the utility of p16 overexpression as a surrogate marker for HPV in OSCC. METHODS Forty-six OSCC patients treated between 2007 and 2011 with available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens were included. Twenty-three patients were positive for p16 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and these were matched with 23 patients with p16-negative tumours. Laser capture microdissection of the FFPE OSCC tissues was undertaken to isolate invasive tumour tissue. DNA was extracted and tested for high-risk HPV types using a PCR-ELISA method based on the L1 SPF10 consensus primers, and a real-time PCR method targeting HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6 region. Genotyping of HPV-positive cases was performed using a reverse line blot hybridization assay (Inno-LiPA). RNAScope® (a chromogenic RNA in situ hybridization assay) was utilized to detect E6/E7 mRNA of known high-risk HPV types for detection of transcriptionally active virus. RESULTS HPV DNA was found in 3 OSCC cases, all of which were p16 IHC-positive. Two cases were genotyped as HPV-16 and one as HPV-33. Only one of the HPV-16 cases was confirmed to harbour transcriptionally active virus via HPV RNA ISH. CONCLUSION We have shown that the presence of transcriptionally active HPV rarely occurs in OSCC and that p16 is not an appropriate surrogate marker for HPV in OSCC cases. We propose that non-viral mechanisms are responsible for the majority of IHC p16 overexpression in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Belobrov
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyssa M Cornall
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Young
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kendrick Koo
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Angel
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Wiesenfeld
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Head and Neck Oncology Tumour Stream, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Divison of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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182
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Biesaga B, Mucha-Małecka A, Janecka-Widła A, Kołodziej-Rzepa M, Szostek S, Słonina D, Kowalczyk A, Halaszka K, Przewoźnik M. Differences in the prognosis of HPV16-positive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck according to viral load and expression of P16. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 144:63-73. [PMID: 29043437 PMCID: PMC5756549 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the impact of HPV16 load (VL—the number of virus genome copies per cell) and P16 expression on prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of head and neck (HN). Materials and methods HPV16 presence was assessed in the group of 109 patients with HNSCCs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). VL (assessed by qPCR) and P16 expression (evaluated by immunohistochemistry) were analysed only in the subgroup of HPV16-positive tumours. These features were correlated with 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results HPV16 infection was found in 36 tumours (33.0%). Virus-positive patients had better OS and DFS than those without infection (P = 0.041 and 0.005). Among HPV16-positive HNSCCs, 18 (50.0%) had higher VL (median value > 6764.3 copies/cell) and 25 (73.5%) P16 over expression. The significant differences in OS and DFS (P = 0.008 and 0.004) were noticed according to VL, wherein 100% DFS was found for patients with higher VL. According to P16 expression, significant difference was found only for OS (P = 0.020). In multivariate analysis, VL (P = 0.045; HR = 2.795; CI 0.121–1.060) and the level of smoking (P = 0.023, HR = 2.253; CI 1.124–4.514) were independent factors affecting DFS of HPV16-positive patients. Conclusion On the basis of viral load, it is possible to differentiate prognosis of patients with HPV16-positive HNSCCs. In this subgroup, viral load has stronger prognostic potential than P16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Biesaga
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Anna Mucha-Małecka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka-Widła
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Kołodziej-Rzepa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sława Szostek
- Department of Virology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta Street, 31-121, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dorota Słonina
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Halaszka
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Przewoźnik
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, 11 Garncarska Street, 31-115, Cracow, Poland
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183
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Chin RI, Rao YJ, Hwang MY, Spencer CR, Pierro M, DeWees T, Patel P, Sinha P, Gay HA, Daly M, Haughey BH, Nussenbaum B, Adkins DR, Lewis JS, Thorstad WL. Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral intensity-modulated radiotherapy for surgically treated squamous cell carcinoma of the palatine tonsil. Cancer 2017; 123:4594-4607. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Re-I Chin
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Yuan James Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Michael Y. Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Christopher R. Spencer
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Michael Pierro
- Department of Internal Medicine; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Todd DeWees
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Pranav Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Parul Sinha
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Hiram A. Gay
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Mackenzie Daly
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Bruce H. Haughey
- Head and Neck Surgery, Florida Hospital Celebration Health, Celebration; Florida
| | - Brian Nussenbaum
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery; Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Douglas R. Adkins
- Division of Hematology and Oncology; Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - James S. Lewis
- Department of Pathology; Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville Tennessee
| | - Wade L. Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
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184
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Lindsay CD, Kostiuk MA, Harris J, O'Connell DA, Seikaly H, Biron VL. Efficacy of EZH2 inhibitory drugs in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:95. [PMID: 28878842 PMCID: PMC5586065 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide with rates of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) dramatically increasing. The overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase responsible for the trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3), is associated with a poor clinical prognosis and aggressive HPV-positive phenotypes. Methods We utilized three EZH2 pathway inhibitors, GSK-343, DZNeP, and EPZ-5687, and tested their efficacy in two HPV-positive and two HPV-negative OPSCC cell lines. Results Treatment with GSK-343 decreased H3K27me3 in all cell lines and treatment with DZNeP decreased H3K27me3 in only HPV-negative cell lines as determined by Western blot. Cells treated with EPZ-5687 displayed no appreciable change in H3K27me3. Epigenetic effect on gene expression was measured via ddPCR utilizing 11 target probes. Cells treated with DZNeP showed the most dramatic expressional changes, with decreased EGFR in HPV-positive cell lines and an overall increase in proliferation markers in HPV-negative cell lines. GSK-343-treated cells displayed moderate expressional changes, with CCND1 increased in HPV-positive cell lines and decreased TP53 in HPV-negative SCC-1. EPZ-5687-treated cell lines displayed few expressional changes overall. Only DZNeP-treated cells displayed anti-proliferative characteristics shown in wound-healing assays. Conclusions Our findings suggest that EZH2 inhibitors are a viable therapeutic option for the role of epigenetic effect, potentially sensitizing tumors to current chemotherapies or limiting cell differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0390-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morris A Kostiuk
- Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jeff Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Daniel A O'Connell
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Vincent L Biron
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Alberta Head and Neck Centre for Oncology and Reconstruction, Edmonton, AB Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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185
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He SS, Chen Y, Shen XM, Wang HZ, Sun P, Dong J, Guo GF, Chen JG, Xia LP, Hu PL, Qiu HJ, Liu SS, Zhou YX, Wang W, Hu WH, Cai XY. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit functions in metastasis and influences survival in advanced-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:2410-2416. [PMID: 28819445 PMCID: PMC5560160 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is known to function in several types of cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression and clinicopathologic significance of DNA-PKcs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 208 patients with advanced-stage LSCC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. We assessed DNA-PKcs and p16INK4a (p16) status using immunohistochemistry. We examined the association between DNA-PKcs expression and clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. To evaluate the independent prognostic relevance of DNA-PKcs, we used univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. We estimated overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that 163/208 (78.4%) of the LSCC tissue samples exhibited high DNA-PKcs expression. High DNA-PKcs expression was significantly associated with survival outcomes (P = 0.016) and distant metastasis (P = 0.02; chi-squared test). High DNA-PKcs expression was associated with a significantly shorter OS and DMFS than low DNA-PKcs expression (P = 0.029 and 0.033, respectively; log-rank test), and was associated with poor OS in the p16-positive subgroup (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis identified DNA-PKcs as an independent prognostic indicator of OS and DMFS in all patients (P = 0.039 and 0.037, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that patients with LSCC in whom DNA-PKcs expression is elevated have a higher incidence of distant metastasis and a poorer prognosis. DNA-PKcs may represent a marker of tumor progression in patients with p16-positive LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiation, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiation, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan (The affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Gao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Liang-Ping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Juan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of Radiation, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou.,Department of VIP Region, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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186
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Alvarado D, Ligon GF, Lillquist JS, Seibel SB, Wallweber G, Neumeister VM, Rimm DL, McMahon G, LaVallee TM. ErbB activation signatures as potential biomarkers for anti-ErbB3 treatment in HNSCC. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181356. [PMID: 28723928 PMCID: PMC5517012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for 3–5% of all tumor types and remains an unmet medical need with only two targeted therapies approved to date. ErbB3 (HER3), the kinase-impaired member of the EGFR/ErbB family, has been implicated as a disease driver in a number of solid tumors, including a subset of HNSCC. Here we show that the molecular components required for ErbB3 activation, including its ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG1), are highly prevalent in HNSCC and that HER2, but not EGFR, is the major activating ErbB3 kinase partner. We demonstrate that cetuximab treatment primarily inhibits the ERK signaling pathway and KTN3379, an anti-ErbB3 monoclonal antibody, inhibits the AKT signaling pathway, and that dual ErbB receptor inhibition results in enhanced anti-tumor activity in HNSCC models. Surprisingly, we found that while NRG1 is required for ErbB3 activation, it was not sufficient to fully predict for KTN3379 activity. An evaluation of HNSCC patient samples demonstrated that NRG1 expression was significantly associated with expression of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα). Furthermore, NRG1-positive HNSCC cell lines that secreted high levels of AREG and TGFα or contained high levels of EGFR homodimers (H11D) demonstrated a better response to KTN3379. Although ErbB3 and EGFR activation are uncoupled at the receptor level, their respective signaling pathways are linked through co-expression of their respective ligands. We propose that NRG1 expression and EGFR activation signatures may enrich for improved efficacy of anti-ErbB3 therapeutic mAb approaches when combined with EGFR-targeting therapies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alvarado
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gwenda F. Ligon
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jay S. Lillquist
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Scott B. Seibel
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gerald Wallweber
- Monogram Biosciences, Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Veronique M. Neumeister
- Yale Pathology Tissue Services, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David L. Rimm
- Yale Pathology Tissue Services, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gerald McMahon
- Kolltan Pharmaceuticals., New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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187
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Östensson E, Silfverschiöld M, Greiff L, Asciutto C, Wennerberg J, Lydryp ML, Håkansson U, Sparén P, Borgfeldt C. The economic burden of human papillomavirus-related precancers and cancers in Sweden. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28651012 PMCID: PMC5484479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established cause of malignant disease. We used a societal perspective to estimate the cost of HR HPV-related cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, and penile precancer and cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer in Sweden in 2006, 1 year before HPV vaccination became available in the country. Materials and methods This prevalence-based cost-of-illness study used diagnosis-specific data from national registries to determine the number of HR HPV-related precancers and cancers. The HR HPV-attributable fractions of these diseases were derived from a literature review and applied to the total burden to estimate HR HPV-attributable costs. Direct costs were based on health care utilization and indirect costs on loss of productivity due to morbidity (i.e., sick leave and early retirement) and premature mortality. Results The total annual cost of all HR HPV-attributable precancers and cancers was €94 million (€10.3/inhabitant). Direct costs accounted for €31.3 million (€3.4/inhabitant) of the total annual cost, and inpatient care amounted to €20.7 million of direct costs. Indirect costs made up €62.6 million (€6.9/inhabitant) of the total annual cost, and premature mortality amounted to €36 million of indirect costs. Cervical precancer and cancer was most costly (total annual cost €58.4 million). Among cancers affecting both genders, anal precancer and cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer were the most costly (€11.2 million and €11.9 million, respectively). For oropharyngeal cancer, males had the highest health care utilization and represented 71% of the total annual cost. Penile precancer and cancer was least costly (€2.6 million). Conclusion The economic burden of HR HPV-related precancers and cancers is substantial. The disease-related management and treatment costs we report are relevant as a point of reference for future economic evaluations investigating the overall benefits of HPV vaccination in females and males in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Östensson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Silfverschiöld
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Skånes University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lennart Greiff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Skånes University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Asciutto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skånes University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Wennerberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Skånes University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Håkansson
- Department of Urology, Skånes University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pär Sparén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Borgfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skånes University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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188
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Rajiah K, Maharajan MK, Fang Num KS, How Koh RC. Knowledge about Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer: Predictors of HPV Vaccination among Dental Students. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1573-1579. [PMID: 28669170 PMCID: PMC6373794 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.6.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study is to determine the influence of dental students’ knowledge and attitude regarding human papillomavirus infection of cervical cancer on willingness to pay for vaccination. Basic research design: A convenience sampling method was used. The minimal sample size of 136 was calculated using the Raosoft calculator with a 5 % margin of error and 95% confidence level. Participants: The study population were all final year dental students from the School of Dentistry. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure knowledge levels and attitudes regarding human papillomavirus vaccination. Contingent valuation was conducted for willingness to pay for vaccination. Main outcome measures: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that human papillomavirus are associated with oropharynx cancer and the American Dental Association insist on expanding public awareness of the oncogenic potential of some HPV infections. Thus, as future dental practitioners, dental students should be aware of human papillomavirus and their links with cancer and the benefits of vaccination. Results: Knowledge on HPV and cervical cancer did not impact on attitudes towards vaccines. However, significant correlation existed between knowledge and willingness to pay for vaccination. Conclusions: Dental students’ knowledge on HPV and cervical cancer has no influence on their attitude towards HPV vaccines. However, their willingness to pay for HPV vaccination is influenced by their knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston Rajiah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
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189
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Sykora S, Brandt S. Papillomavirus infection and squamous cell carcinoma in horses. Vet J 2017; 223:48-54. [PMID: 28671071 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common disease that seriously impairs the health and welfare of affected horses and other equids. In humans, almost all cervical carcinomas, a high percentage of anogenital SCCs and a subset of SCCs of the head and neck are caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. Since hrHPV-induced human cancers and equine SCC have similar cytological and histopathological features, it has been hypothesised that equine SCCs could also be induced by papillomaviruses. This review provides an overview of the current evidence for an aetiological association between papillomavirus infections and equine SCCs and SCC precursor lesions. SCC of apparently papillomavirus-unrelated aetiology are also discussed, as are recent advances in equine SCC prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Sykora
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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190
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Kramer B, Schultz JD, Hock C, Sauter A, Stuck BA, Hörmann K, Birk R, Aderhold C. Effect of selective small molecule inhibitors on MMP-9 and VEGFR-1 expression in p16-positive and -negative squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3269-3276. [PMID: 28521433 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of molecular targets in the therapy of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a primary aim of cancer research. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have important roles in the development of HNSCC. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors, nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib are well established in the targeted therapy of tumors other than HNSCC. The present study aimed to investigate the alteration of MMP-9 and VEGFR-1 expression patterns following treatment with these tyrosine kinase inhibitors in p16-positive and -negative squamous carcinoma cells. MMP-9 and VEGFR-1 expression was evaluated using an ELISA in HNSCC 11A, HNSCC 14C and p16-positive CERV196 tumor cell lines, following treatment with nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib. A statistically significant reduction in MMP-9 and VEGFR-1 expression was observed in the p16-negative HNSCC 11A cells following treatment with all inhibitors (P<0.05). VEGFR-1 expression was significantly increased in p16-positive SCC cells following treatment with nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib (P<0.05). The expression of MMP-9 and VEGFR-1 was significantly altered by treatment with nilotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib in vitro. The results of the present study are attributed to the efficacy of the tested drugs and present potential compensatory strategies of cancer cells to avoid the antiangiogenic properties of the tested tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kramer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes David Schultz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Karlsruhe Clinical Center, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens Hock
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Sauter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Boris A Stuck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl Hörmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Birk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Aderhold
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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191
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Sykora S, Jindra C, Hofer M, Steinborn R, Brandt S. Equine papillomavirus type 2: An equine equivalent to human papillomavirus 16? Vet J 2017; 225:3-8. [PMID: 28720295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In horses, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) commonly affect the external genitals. There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection promotes disease development. To assess the possible association of EcPV2 with equine SCCs of the head (HSCC), 15 HSCC DNA samples were screened by E6/E7, E2, and LCR PCR and amplicons were analysed for sequence variations. The physical form of EcPV2 in HSCC, genital lesions, and smegma from horses with SCC was then addressed using EcPV2 immunocapture PCR (IC/PCR) for detection of virion, and E6 vs. E2 qPCR to investigate possible integration events. Four of 15 HSCC tested positive for EcPV2 DNA and harboured known or novel genetic variants of E6, E7, E2 and the LCR. Eighteen of 35 sample extracts including 3/4 smegma samples scored positive by IC/PCR, suggesting that about 51% of tested extracts harboured virions. E6/E2 qPCR from tumour DNA revealed E2/E6 copies/cell ranging between <1 (E2; E6) and 797 (E2) or 1434 (E6). IC/PCR-positive smegma samples contained higher E2 and E6 copy numbers, ranging between 1490 and 4.95×105 (E2) or 2227 and 8.54×105 (E6) copies/cell. Together with IC/PCR results, this finding suggests that smegma can serve as a rich EcPV2 reservoir. HSCCs harboured significantly lower viral DNA amounts (<1-25 copies/cell) than most genital tumour and smegma DNA isolates. The majority of samples contained more E6 than E2 DNA, with E6:E2 ratios ranging between 0.88 and 4.12. Although not statistically significant (P>0.05), this finding suggests that EcPV2 can integrate into the equine host cell genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sykora
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hofer
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - R Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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192
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Müller T, Braun M, Dietrich D, Aktekin S, Höft S, Kristiansen G, Göke F, Schröck A, Brägelmann J, Held SAE, Bootz F, Brossart P. PD-L1: a novel prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:52889-52900. [PMID: 28881780 PMCID: PMC5581079 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The PD-1 receptor and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are known to be significantly involved in T-cell regulation. Recent studies suggest that PD-L1 expression in malignant tumors contributes to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and disruption of antitumoral immune response. Drugs targeting this pathway are already tested in clinical trials against several tumor entities with promising results. However, until now comprehensive data with regard to PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still lacking. Patients and methods We assessed PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression via immunohistochemistry in two independent cohorts of 293 HNSCC patients. Results A significant subset of HNSCC showed high expression levels of PD-L1. Most remarkable, we detected a strong correlation between PD-L1 expression and overall survival time in both HNSCC cohorts. Further, in multivariate cox proportional hazard models, PD-L1 dominates as the strongest prognostic factor of patient's outcome in HNSCC, leaving even tumor stage and distant metastasis behind. Moreover, strong PD-L1 expression was associated with the presence of distant metastases in a subset of cases. Conclusions In summary, while the significance of PD-L2 in HNSCC seems to minor, we show that PD-L1 expression is common in HNSCC and, more importantly, a both robust and strong prognostic biomarker. In this respect, our results provide hints on further application of therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in HNSCC. Investigation of response and outcome of patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 containing therapies in correlation with PD-L1 expression analysis should be an important task for the future. STATEMENT OF TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE In spite of improved treatment options and increasing knowledge of molecular alterations in HNSCC, the survival rate has not been dramatically changed in the past decades. Pies are missing in HNSCC. One promising candidate in cancer immune therapy is PD-L1. Drugs targeting PD-L1 or its receptor PD-1 are subject of several clinical studies in different cancer entities. However, comprehensive data about PD-L1 expression in HNSCC and therefore a rational basis for anti PD-L1/PD-1 therapy in HNSCC is lacking. Here, we provide wide-ranging data about PD-L1 expression in HNSCC of all major localizations. We observed a strong correlation between expression of PD-L1 and reduced overall survival time. Furthermore, high PD-L1 expression was identified as a strong prognostic factor of patient's outcome when verified together with recognized prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seher Aktekin
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Höft
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Göke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie A E Held
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Fernández-López C, Morales-Angulo C. Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations Secondary to Oral Sex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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194
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Veitía D, Liuzzi J, Ávila M, De Guglielmo Z, Correnti M. Prevalence of HPV and EBV infection and their relationship with the p53 and PCNA expression in oral carcinoma patients. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2017.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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195
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Lo WC, Wu CT, Wang CP, Yang TL, Lou PJ, Ko JY, Chang YL. The Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is a Prognostic Determinant of T3–4 Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:1980-1988. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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196
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Hosseini SZ, Makvandi M, Samarbafzade A, Timori A, Ranjbar N, Saki N, Nisi N, Shahani T, Varnaseri M, Angali Ahmadi K. Frequency of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 Detection
in Paraffin- Embedded Laryngeal Carcinoma Tissue. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:889-893. [PMID: 28545184 PMCID: PMC5494237 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 and HPV18 have been detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and there is evidence that detection of HPVs would have better prognostic value than patients with HNSCC negative for HPVs. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate frequency of HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotypes in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and methods: Fifty formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of laryngeal cancers were collected. Sections were prepared at 5 μm and DNA was extracted from each sample and subjected to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV-16/18 DNA s. Results: All samples were squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Overall 14/50 (28%) were positive for HPVs, 8 (18%) with HPV-16 and 6 (12%) with HPV-18. Additionally, 2 (4%) mixed infections of HPV 16 and 18 genotypes were observed among these cases. Conclusions: Overall, 28% of HNSCC samples proved positive for HPV16 and HPV18 genotypes, two high-risk HPV types. It is important to further assess whether such viral infection, could be a risk factor in HNSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zinab Hosseini
- Health Research Institute; Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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197
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Berman TA, Schiller JT. Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer: One cause, two diseases. Cancer 2017; 123:2219-2229. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. Berman
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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198
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Sarkar S, Alam N, Chakraborty J, Biswas J, Mandal SS, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection leads to the development of head and neck lesions but offers better prognosis in malignant Indian patients. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:267-276. [PMID: 28343330 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers constitute a multifactorial global disease burden and are associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) as a possible risk factor. The aim of the study is to understand the relationship between HPV and the development of head and neck lesions in Indian patients. To this end, frequency of HPV was assessed in relation to different demographic and etiological features and correlated with patient survival. The prevalence of HPV significantly increased from mild dysplastic lesions (43.6%) to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stage IV (68.5%) with HPV 16 being pre-dominant in both dysplasia (43.8%) and HNSCC (61.5%). Similar trend was observed in increasing grades of the tumour. In invasive lesions, patients aged below the median age of onset showed significantly higher occurrence of HPV than those above it. Patients harbouring HPV showed a significantly better survival irrespective of age of onset. Likewise, better survival was observed in tobacco habit negative/HPV-positive patients, and as reflected in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Majority of the HPV 16-positive samples showed moderate/high nuclear expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins in tumours and respective basal layer of adjacent normal tissues. Thus, our data indicate that frequent HPV infection, along with tobacco habit, is a pre-requisite factor for the development of HNSCC of Indian patients but offers a better survival even during tobacco usage, implicating its diagnostic and prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Sarkar
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayanta Chakraborty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jaydip Biswas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Syam Sundar Mandal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Basic Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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Kadletz L, Enzenhofer E, Kotowski U, Altorjai G, Heiduschka G. AZD5582, an IAP antagonist that leads to apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and is eligible for combination with irradiation. Acta Otolaryngol 2017; 137:320-325. [PMID: 27739348 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1242776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION On the one hand, AZD5582, an inhibitor of inhibitor of apoptosis family proteins (IAP), leads to cellular growth arrest and induction of apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines. On the other hand, it is a viable candidate for combination therapy with irradiation. OBJECTIVES The aim and purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of AZD5582 on HNSCC cell lines. METHODS HNSCC cell lines SCC25, Cal27, and FaDu were used for all cell culture experiments. Proliferation assays were used to assess a potential inhibitory effect of AZD5582 and a combination therapy of the IAP inhibitor and irradiation. Colony forming assays were used to determine long-term effects of a combined treatment. Apoptosis was measured via flow cytometry and wound-healing assays were performed. RESULTS All three cell lines showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect after treatment with AZD5582. It was possible to observe a synergistic and additive effect after short-term treatment of AZD5582 and irradiation in Ca27 and FaDu cells, respectively. All test cell lines showed a significant inhibition of colony formation after combined treatment. Treatment of AZD5582 resulted in apoptosis in SCC25, Cal27, and FaDu cells.
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200
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Imaging of palatal lumps. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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