151
|
Jin SW, Im JS, Park JH, Kim HG, Lee GH, Kim SJ, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Chung KH, Lee BM, Kacew S, Jeong HG, Kim HS. Effects of tobacco compound 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on the expression of epigenetically regulated genes in lung carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:1004-1019. [PMID: 34459362 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1965059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. Although tobacco smoking-induced genotoxicity has been well established, there is apparent lack of abundance functional epigenetic effects reported On cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine effects of intratracheal administration of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) utilizing target gene expression DNA methylation patterns in lung tissues of mice following twice weekly for 8 weeks treatment. An unbiased approach where genomic regions was undertaken to assess early methylation changes within mouse pulmonary tissues. A methylated-CpG island recovery assay (MIRA) was performed to map the DNA methylome in lung tissues, with the position of methylated DNA determined using a Genome Analyzer (MIRA-SEQ). Alterations in epigenetic-regulated target genes were confirmed with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, which revealed 35 differentially hypermethylated genes including Cdkn1C, Hsf4, Hnf1a, Cdx1, and Hoxa5 and 30 differentially hypomethylated genes including Ddx4, Piwi1, Mdm2, and Pce1 in NNK-exposed lung tissue compared with controls. The main pathway of these genes for mediating biological information was analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Among them, Rssf1 and Mdm2 were closely associated with NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data provide valuable resources for detecting cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Jin
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Im
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jong Kim
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kwack
- Department Of Biochemistry And Health Science, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College Of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Kacew
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University Of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College Of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School Of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Xu N, Lu M, Wang J, Li Y, Yang X, Wei X, Si J, Han J, Yao X, Zhang J, Liu J, Li Y, Yang H, Bao D. Ivermectin induces apoptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via mitochondrial pathway. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1307. [PMID: 34876051 PMCID: PMC8650430 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most predominant primary malignant tumor among worldwide, especially in China. To date, the successful treatment remains a mainly clinical challenge, it is imperative to develop successful therapeutic agents. Methods The anti-proliferative effect of ivermectin on ESCC is investigated in cell model and in nude mice model. Cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry, TUNEL assay and western blotting. Mitochondrial dysfunction was determined by reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Results Our results determined that ivermectin significantly inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that ivermectin markedly mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and induced apoptosis of ESCC cells, which indicated the anti-proliferative effect of ivermectin on ESCC cells was implicated in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Mechanistically, ivermectin significantly triggered ROS accumulation and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Conclusions These finding indicated that ivermectin has significant anti-tumour potential for ESSC and may be a potential therapeutic candidate against ESCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09021-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaotian Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiajie Wei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jiaoyang Si
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jingru Han
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Juanmei Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, China.
| | - Hushan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Dengke Bao
- Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers and Liquid Biopsy, School of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Abstract
The microbiome modulates key processes in metabolism, inflammation, and immunity and plays pivotal roles in many gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated a key role of the microbiome in hepatocarcinogenesis. Dysfunctions of the gut bacterial flora have a significant effect on liver disease. Dysbiosis is found to be associated with chronic liver diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The majority of HCC develops in patients with chronic liver disease, caused by chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcohol-related fatty liver disease. This review discusses molecular mechanisms of gut microbiome-related hepatocarcinogenesis and the impact of dysbiosis on chronic liver disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Akkız
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
He X, Zhou S, Dolan M, Shi Y, Wang J, Quinn B, Jahagirdar D, Huang WC, Tsuji M, Pili R, Ito F, Ortega J, Abrams SI, Ebos JML, Lovell JF. Immunization with short peptide particles reveals a functional CD8 + T-cell neoepitope in a murine renal carcinoma model. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003101. [PMID: 34862254 PMCID: PMC8647534 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of CD8+ T cells that recognize immunogenic, mutated protein fragments in the context of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) is a pressing challenge for cancer vaccine development. METHODS Using the commonly used murine renal adenocarcinoma RENCA cancer model, MHC-I restricted neoepitopes are predicted following next-generation sequencing. Candidate neoepitopes are screened in mice using a potent cancer vaccine adjuvant system that converts short peptides into immunogenic nanoparticles. An identified functional neoepitope vaccine is then tested in various therapeutic experimental tumor settings. RESULTS Conversion of 20 short MHC-I restricted neoepitope candidates into immunogenic nanoparticles results in antitumor responses with multivalent vaccination. Only a single neoepitope candidate, Nesprin-2 L4492R (Nes2LR), induced functional responses but still did so when included within 20-plex or 60-plex particles. Immunization with the short Nes2LR neoepitope with the immunogenic particle-inducing vaccine adjuvant prevented tumor growth at doses multiple orders of magnitude less than with other vaccine adjuvants, which were ineffective. Nes2LR vaccination inhibited or eradicated disease in subcutaneous, experimental lung metastasis and orthotopic tumor models, synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSION These findings establish the feasibility of using short, MHC-I-restricted neoepitopes for straightforward immunization with multivalent or validated neoepitopes to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the Nes2LR neoepitope could be useful for preclinical studies involving renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Dolan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Center for Computational Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John M L Ebos
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Li Z, Huang J, Du T, Lai Y, Li K, Luo ML, Zhu D, Wu J, Huang H. Targeting the Rac1 pathway for improved prostate cancer therapy using polymeric nanoparticles to deliver of NSC23766. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
156
|
Santos GC, Martins LM, Bregadiolli BA, Moreno VF, Silva‐Filho LC, Silva BHST. Heterocyclic compounds as antiviral drugs: Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and traditional applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vitor Fernandes Moreno
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Bauru Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
157
|
Lu M, Zhan H, Liu B, Li D, Li W, Chen X, Zhou X. N6-methyladenosine-related non-coding RNAs are potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic responsiveness biomarkers for bladder cancer. EPMA J 2021; 12:589-604. [PMID: 34950253 PMCID: PMC8648947 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is a commonly occurring malignant tumor of the urinary system, demonstrating high global morbidity and mortality rates. BC currently lacks widely accepted biomarkers and its predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) is still unsatisfactory. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be effective prognostic and immunotherapeutic responsiveness biomarkers and contribute to PPPM for various tumors. However, their role in BC remains unclear. METHODS m6A-related ncRNAs (lncRNAs and miRNAs) were identified through a comprehensive analysis of TCGA, starBase, and m6A2Target databases. Using TCGA dataset (training set), univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed to develop an m6A-related ncRNA-based prognostic risk model. Kaplan-Meier analysis of overall survival (OS) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to verify the prognostic evaluation power of the risk model in the GSE154261 dataset (testing set) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). A nomogram containing independent prognostic factors was developed. Differences in BC clinical characteristics, m6A regulators, m6A-related ncRNAs, gene expression patterns, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-associated molecular networks between the high- and low-risk groups in TCGA dataset were also analyzed. Additionally, the potential applicability of the risk model in the prediction of immunotherapeutic responsiveness was evaluated based on the "IMvigor210CoreBiologies" data set. RESULTS We identified 183 m6A-related ncRNAs, of which 14 were related to OS. LASSO regression analysis was further used to develop a prognostic risk model that included 10 m6A-related ncRNAs (BAALC-AS1, MIR324, MIR191, MIR25, AC023509.1, AL021707.1, AC026362.1, GATA2-AS1, AC012065.2, and HCP5). The risk model showed an excellent prognostic evaluation performance in both TCGA and GSE154261 datasets, with ROC curve areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.62 and 0.83, respectively. A nomogram containing 3 independent prognostic factors (risk score, age, and clinical stage) was developed and was found to demonstrate high prognostic prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.83). Moreover, the risk model could also predict BC progression. A higher risk score indicated a higher pathological grade and clinical stage. We identified 1058 DEGs between the high- and low-risk groups in TCGA dataset; these DEGs were involved in 3 molecular network systems, i.e., cellular immune response, cell adhesion, and cellular biological metabolism. Furthermore, the expression levels of 8 m6A regulators and 12 m6A-related ncRNAs were significantly different between the two groups. Finally, this risk model could be used to predict immunotherapeutic responses. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to explore the potential application value of m6A-related ncRNAs in BC. The m6A-related ncRNA-based risk model demonstrated excellent performance in predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responsiveness. Based on this model, in addition to identifying high-risk patients early to provide them with focused attention and targeted prevention, we can also select beneficiaries of immunotherapy to deliver personalized medical services. Furthermore, the m6A-related ncRNAs could elucidate the molecular mechanisms of BC and lead to a new direction for the improvement of PPPM for BC. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-021-00259-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaolong Lu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailun Zhan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bolong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfu Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Diehl V, Huber LS, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. The Role of Decorin and Biglycan Signaling in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:801801. [PMID: 34917515 PMCID: PMC8668865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and adaptive nature of malignant neoplasm constitute a major challenge for the development of effective anti-oncogenic therapies. Emerging evidence has uncovered the pivotal functions exerted by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, in affecting tumor growth and progression. In their soluble forms, decorin and biglycan act as powerful signaling molecules. By receptor-mediated signal transduction, both proteoglycans modulate key processes vital for tumor initiation and progression, such as autophagy, inflammation, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Despite of their structural homology, these two proteoglycans interact with distinct cell surface receptors and thus modulate distinct signaling pathways that ultimately affect cancer development. In this review, we summarize growing evidence for the complex roles of decorin and biglycan signaling in tumor biology and address potential novel therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Diehl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Huber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Sahlolbei M, Fattahi F, Vafaei S, Rajabzadeh R, Shiralipour A, Madjd Z, Kiani J. Relationship Between Low Expressions of tRNA-Derived Fragments with Metastatic Behavior of Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:862-869. [PMID: 34837147 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors and highly heterogeneous diseases. More recently, RNA expression profiles have been used as prognostic cancer markers. In this regard, the expression of small non-coding RNAs like tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in tumor tissue has potential diagnostic values in metastatic cancer. METHOD Sixty postoperative CRC tissue samples, consisting of 30 cancers and 30 adjacent normal tissues, were collected from cancer patients. We evaluated MINTbase database to select tRNA-derived fragments. The expression levels of miR-1280, miR1308, tRNA-ValAAC/CAC, and tRNA-AspGTC were measured by TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription PCR technology. Also, we have evaluated the correlation between the levels of tRFs gene expression and clinicopathological of CRC disease. RESULT The three tRFs derived from tRF/miR-1280, tRNA-ValAAC/CAC, and tRNA-AspGTC downregulated in tumor tissues (all, p < 0.0001). These tRFs have lower expression in stage IV in comparison with stage III. The tRFs derived from tRNA-ValAAC (p = 0.005) and tRNA-AspGTC (p = 0.034) showed the decreased expression in CRC patients with distant metastasis. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that low expression of tRF/miR-1280, tRNA-ValAAC/CAC, and tRNA-AspGTC was significantly associated with metastatic stage and more aggressive tumor behavior of CRC disease. Our finding promising the potential of using tRFs as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sahlolbei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Rajabzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Aref Shiralipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Zou J, Zhong X, Zhou X, Xie Q, Zhao Z, Guo X, Duan Y. The M6A methyltransferase METTL3 regulates proliferation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:48-55. [PMID: 34624569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most lethal human cancers with a lower 5-year survival rate. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, an important epigenetic modification, has been reported to associate with physiological and pathological processes of cancers. However, its role in ESCC remains unclear. In this work, we found that the m6A levels were elevated in ESCC cancer tissues and ESCC cells. The PPI network demonstrated that METTL3, METTL14, WTAP, RBM15, and KIAA1429 were all significantly associated with each other. Moreover, we found a significant upregulation of METTL3 mRNA and protein amounts in ESCC tissues. The METTL3 mRNA expression level of tissues had associations with ESCC differentiation extent and sex (p < 0.05). The METTL3 mRNA expression level of tissues, sensitivity for diagnosing ESCC was 75.00%, specificity was 72.06% and area under the ROC curve was 0.8030. Depletion of METTL3 markedly diminished m6A levels in human ESCC cell lines and METTL3 overexpression restored the reduction in m6A levels. These results suggested that METTL3 is the primary enzyme that modulates m6A methylation and a critical regulatory factor in ESCC. Additionally, METTL3 knockdown significantly suppressed the ESCC cell proliferation, while METTL3 overexpression markedly promoted ESCC cell proliferation both in cell and animal models. These results demonstrated that METTL3 promotes ESCC development. Furthermore, METTL3 may modulate the cell cycle of ESCC cells through a p21-dependent pattern. METTL3-guided m6A modification may contribute to the progression of ESCC via the p21-axis. Our study is the first investigation to report that METTL3-mediated m6A methylation plays a crucial role in ESCC oncogenesis and highlights that METTL3 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zou
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowu Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Qiyue Xie
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Aman S, Li Y, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Lv L, Li B, Xia K, Li S, Wu H. DACH1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by down-regulating the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:351. [PMID: 34772908 PMCID: PMC8590022 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) is usually defined as a tumor suppressor, which plays an influential role in tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms in these process are not yet fully clarified. In this study, DACH1 inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells by decreasing MMP9 expression. Mechanistically, DACH1 represses the transcriptional level of MMP9 by interacting with p65 and c-Jun at the NF-κB and AP-1 binding sites in MMP9 promoter respectively, and the association of DACH1 and p65 promote the recruitment of HDAC1 to the NF-κB binding site in MMP9 promoter, resulting in the reduction of the acetylation level and the transcriptional activity of p65. Accordingly, the level of MMP9 was decreased. In conclusion, we found a new mechanism that DACH1 could inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of MMP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sattout Aman
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunmeng Cheng
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Kangkai Xia
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering & Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Disease, Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Zhu HX, Lu WJ, Zhu WP, Yu S. Comprehensive analysis of N 6 -methyladenosine-related long non-coding RNAs for prognosis prediction in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e24071. [PMID: 34741346 PMCID: PMC8649367 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a lethal cancer. This study aimed to identify the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐targeted long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) related to LIHC prognosis and to develop an m6A‐targeted lncRNA model for prognosis prediction in LIHC. Methods The expression matrix of mRNA and lncRNA was obtained, and differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs between tumor and normal samples were identified. Univariate Cox and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the m6A‐targeted lncRNAs and the LIHC prognosis‐related m6A‐targeted lncRNAs. Prognostic analysis, immune infiltration, and gene DE analyses were performed on LIHC subgroups, which were obtained from unsupervised clustering analysis. Additionally, a multi‐factor Cox analysis was used to construct a prognostic risk model based on the lncRNAs from the LASSO Cox model. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to assess prognostic independence. Results A total of 5031 significant DEmRNAs and 292 significant DElncRNAs were screened, and 72 LIHC‐specific m6A‐targeted binding lncRNAs were screened. Moreover, a total of 29 LIHC prognosis‐related m6A‐targeted lncRNAs were obtained and enriched in cytoskeletal, spliceosome, and cell cycle pathways. An 11‐m6A‐lncRNA prognostic model was constructed and verified; the top 10 lncRNAs included LINC00152, RP6‐65G23.3, RP11‐620J15.3, RP11‐290F5.1, RP11‐147L13.13, RP11‐923I11.6, AC092171.4, KB‐1460A1.5, LINC00339, and RP11‐119D9.1. Additionally, the two LIHC subgroups, Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, showed significant differences in the immune microenvironment, m6A enzyme genes, and prognosis of LIHC. Conclusion The m6A‐lncRNA prognostic model accurately and effectively predicted the prognostic survival of LIHC. Immune cells, immune checkpoints (ICs), and m6A enzyme genes could act as novel therapeutic targets for LIHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xu Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Liu Z, Ren Y, Meng L, Li L, Beatson R, Deng J, Zhang T, Liu J, Han X. Epigenetic Signaling of Cancer Stem Cells During Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:772211. [PMID: 34722553 PMCID: PMC8554148 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.772211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors pose a great challenge to human health, which has led to many studies increasingly elucidating the tumorigenic process. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have profound impacts on tumorigenesis and development of drug resistance. Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between inflammation and CSCs but the mechanism underlying this relationship has not been fully elucidated. Inflammatory cytokines produced during chronic inflammation activate signaling pathways that regulate the generation of CSCs through epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the effects of inflammation on cancer stem cells, particularly the role of signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway, STAT3 pathway and Smad pathway involved in regulating epigenetic changes. We hope to provide a novel perspective for improving strategies for tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Henan Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
He S, Xu J, Liu X, Zhen Y. Advances and challenges in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3379-3392. [PMID: 34900524 PMCID: PMC8642427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality rates. EC includes two histological subtypes, namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). ESCC primarily occurs in East Asia, whereas EAC occurs in Western countries. The currently available treatment strategies for EC include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, molecular targeted therapy, and combinations thereof. However, the prognosis remains poor, and the overall five-year survival rate is very low. Therefore, achieving the goal of effective treatment remains challenging. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy for EC, and comprehensively analyze the application prospects and existing problems of immunotherapy. Collectively, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the currently available drugs through in-depth analysis, promote the development of new therapeutic agents, and eventually improve the treatment outcomes of patients with EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiming He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongsu Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Zhao J, Du G, Sun X. Tumor Antigen-Based Nanovaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2099-2113. [PMID: 34906272 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As an important means of tumor immunotherapy, tumor vaccines have achieved exciting results in the past few decades. However, there are still many obstacles that hinder tumor vaccines from achieving maximum efficacy, including lack of tumor antigens, low antigen immunogenicity and poor delivery efficiency. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed and investigated various new types of tumor antigens with higher antigenic specificity and broader antigen spectrum, such as tumor-specific peptide antigens, tumor lysates, tumor cell membrane, tumor associated exosomes, etc. At the same time, different nanoparticulate delivery platforms have been developed to increase the immunogenicity of the tumor antigens, for example by increasing their targeting efficiency of antigen-presenting cells and lymph nodes, and by co-delivering antigens with adjuvants. In this review, we summarized different types of the tumor antigens that have been reported, and introduced several nanovaccine strategies for increasing the immunogenicity of tumor antigens. The review of recent progress in these fields may provide reference for the follow-up studies of tumor antigen-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Liu J, Quan Z, Gao Y, Wu X, Zheng Y. MicroRNA-199b-3p suppresses malignant proliferation by targeting Phospholipase Cε and correlated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 576:73-79. [PMID: 34482026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA-199b-3p (miR-199b-3p) plays a crucial role in the malignant development of various cancers, but little known in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of our study was to demonstrate the function of miR-199b-3p in PCa. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect miR-199b-3p expression in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples. In addition, we examined the relationship between the poor prognosis in PCa and miR-199b-3p. Western blot was used to analyze the expression of Phospholipase Cε (PLCε). CCK8 and colony-forming assays were applied to detect the proliferation of PCa. EdU assay is used to detect PCa cells uptake of EdU. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to analyze the binding between miR-199b-3p and PLCε. RESULTS It has been shown that miR-199b-3p in PCa was significantly lower than that in benign prostatic hyperplasia and correlated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile, upregulation of miR-199b-3p can prominently inhibit the proliferation of PCa cells, while its down-regulation triggered opposite result. PLCε was identified as the downstream binding target gene and negatively associated with that of miR-199b-3p. CONCLUSION miR-199b-3p suppresses malignant proliferation by inhibiting PLCε in prostate cancer in vitro and vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.No.1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.No.1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.No.1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| | - Yongbo Zheng
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.No.1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Moroz‐Omori EV, Huang D, Kumar Bedi R, Cheriyamkunnel SJ, Bochenkova E, Dolbois A, Rzeczkowski MD, Li Y, Wiedmer L, Caflisch A. METTL3 Inhibitors for Epitranscriptomic Modulation of Cellular Processes. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3035-3043. [PMID: 34237194 PMCID: PMC8518639 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The methylase METTL3 is the writer enzyme of the N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) modification of RNA. Using a structure-based drug discovery approach, we identified a METTL3 inhibitor with potency in a biochemical assay of 280 nM, while its enantiomer is 100 times less active. We observed a dose-dependent reduction in the m6 A methylation level of mRNA in several cell lines treated with the inhibitor already after 16 h of treatment, which lasted for at least 6 days. Importantly, the prolonged incubation (up to 6 days) with the METTL3 inhibitor did not alter levels of other RNA modifications (i. e., m1 A, m6 Am , m7 G), suggesting selectivity of the developed compound towards other RNA methyltransferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Moroz‐Omori
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Danzhi Huang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rajiv Kumar Bedi
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Elena Bochenkova
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Aymeric Dolbois
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Maciej D. Rzeczkowski
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Yaozong Li
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lars Wiedmer
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057ZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Krigul KL, Aasmets O, Lüll K, Org T, Org E. Using fecal immunochemical tubes for the analysis of the gut microbiome has the potential to improve colorectal cancer screening. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19603. [PMID: 34599256 PMCID: PMC8486803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging public health problem which successful treatment depends on the stage at diagnosis. Recently, CRC-specific microbiome signatures have been proposed as a marker for CRC detection. Since many countries have initiated CRC screening programs, it would be useful to analyze the microbiome in the samples collected in fecal immunochemical test (FIT) tubes for fecal occult blood testing. Therefore, we investigated the impact of FIT tubes and stabilization buffer on the microbial community structure evaluated in stool samples from 30 volunteers and compared the detected communities to those of fresh-frozen samples, highlighting previously published cancer-specific communities. Altogether, 214 samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, including positive and negative controls. Our results indicated that the variation between individuals was greater than the differences introduced by the collection strategy. The vast majority of the genera were stable for up to 7 days. None of the changes observed between fresh-frozen samples and FIT tube specimens were related to previously identified CRC-specific bacteria. Overall, we show that FIT tubes can be used for profiling the microbiota in CRC screening programs. This circumvents the need to collect additional samples and can possibly improve the sensitivity of CRC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kertu Liis Krigul
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oliver Aasmets
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kreete Lüll
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Org
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elin Org
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
He B, Wu C, Sun W, Qiu Y, Li J, Liu Z, Jing T, Wang H, Liao Y. miR‑383 increases the cisplatin sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells through inhibition of the RBM24‑mediated NF‑κB signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:87. [PMID: 34558639 PMCID: PMC8460061 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNA-383 (miR-383) is downregulated in a variety of tumor tissues, and it exhibits antiproliferative activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. In the present study, an association between the downregulation of miR-383 expression and the deletion of chr8p22 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was identified. The promoting effect of miR-383 on cisplatin sensitivity was verified both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, it was revealed that the expression of RNA binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) protein was regulated by and negatively correlated with miR-383 expression. Ectopic expression of RBM24 or inhibition of miR-383 decreased the chemosensitivity of parental A549 cells, whereas knockdown of RBM24 in cisplatin-resistant A549 cells increased chemosensitivity. Mechanistically, miR-383 interfered with the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling through repression of RBM24-mediated phosphorylation of Rel-like domain-containing protein A and inhibitor α of NF-κB. Taken together, the downregulation of miR-383 induced RBM24 expression, which was mediated through the activation of NF-κB signaling, to contribute to chemotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The results of the present study highlight potential therapeutic targets for the clinical reversal of the chemotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Weichao Sun
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Yuan Y, Xu J, Jiang L, Yu K, Ge Y, Li M, He H, Niu Q, Shi X, Fan L, Chen Z, Zhao Z, Li S, Xu Y, Wang Z, Li H. Discovery, Optimization, and Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Novel and Potent RSK4 Inhibitors as Promising Agents for the Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13572-13587. [PMID: 34496560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal S6 protein kinase 4 (RSK4) was identified to be a promising target for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in our previous research, whose current treatments are primarily chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to the lack of targeted therapy. However, few potent and specific RSK4 inhibitors are reported. In this study, a series of 1,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]oxazin-2-ones derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel and potent RSK4 inhibitors. Compound 14f was identified with potent RSK4 inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo. 14f significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro with IC50 values of 0.57 and 0.98 μM, respectively. It dose dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of RSK4 downstream substrates while exerting little effect on the substrates of RSK1-3 in ESCC cells. The markedly suppressed tumor growth and no observed toxicity to main organs in the ESCC xenograft mouse model suggested 14f to be a promising RSK4-targeting agent for ESCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kangjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiqi Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiayu Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linni Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Foruzandeh Z, Zeinali-Sehrig F, Nejati K, Rahmanpour D, Pashazadeh F, Seif F, Alivand MR. CircRNAs as potent biomarkers in ovarian cancer: a systematic scoping review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:41. [PMID: 34556024 PMCID: PMC8461915 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More powerful prognostic and diagnostic tools are urgently needed for identifying and treating ovarian cancer (OC), which is the most fatal malignancy in women in developed countries. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are conservative and stable looped molecules that can regulate gene expression by competing with other endogenous microRNA sponges. This discovery provided new insight into novel methods for regulating genes that are involved in many disorders and cancers. This review focuses on the dysregulated expression of circRNAs as well as their diagnostic and prognostic values in OC. We found that studies have identified twenty-one downregulated circRNAs and fifty-seven upregulated ones. The results of these studies confirm that circRNAs might be potent biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target value for OC. We also consider the connection between circRNAs and OC cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Foruzandeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali-Sehrig
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Nejati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Dara Rahmanpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fariba Pashazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Ameli-Mojarad M, Ameli-Mojarad M, Hadizadeh M, Young C, Babini H, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Bonab MA. The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:496. [PMID: 34535136 PMCID: PMC8447721 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melika Ameli-Mojarad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Kharrazi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD UK
| | - Chris Young
- Institute of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Hosna Babini
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Ashrafian Bonab
- School of Medicine, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD UK
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
The genomic architectures of tumour-adjacent tissues, plasma and saliva reveal evolutionary underpinnings of relapse in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:854-864. [PMID: 34230611 PMCID: PMC8438056 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterised by a dismal prognosis; nonetheless, limited studies have unveiled the mechanisms underlying HNSCC relapse. METHODS Next-generation sequencing was performed to identify the somatic mutations in 188 matched samples, including primary tumours, tumour-adjacent tissues (TATs), pre- and post-operative plasma, saliva and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from 27 patients. The evolutionary relationship between TATs and tumours were analysed. The dynamic changes of tumour- and TAT-specific mutations in liquid biopsies were monitored together with survival analysis. RESULTS Alterations were detected in 27 out of 27 and 19 out of 26 tumours and TATs, respectively. TP53 was the most prevalently mutated gene in TATs. Some TATs shared mutations with primary tumours, while some other TATs were evolutionarily unrelated to tumours. Notably, TP53 mutations in TATs are stringently associated with premalignant transformation and are indicative of worse survival (hazard ratio = 14.01). TAT-specific mutations were also detected in pre- and/or post-operative liquid biopsies and were indicative of disease relapse. CONCLUSIONS TATs might undergo the processes of premalignant transformation, tumorigenesis and eventually relapse by either inheriting tumorigenic mutations from ancestral clones where the tumour originated or gaining private mutations independent of primary tumours. Detection of tumour- and/or TAT-specific genetic alterations in post-operative biopsies shows profound potential in prognostic use.
Collapse
|
174
|
Vakhshiteh F, Hassani S, Momenifar N, Pakdaman F. Exosomal circRNAs: new players in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:483. [PMID: 34521402 PMCID: PMC8439089 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancer types, characterized by elevated mortality rate and treatment resistance. Despite the progress achieved in the explanation of the molecular basis of the disease as well as introducing potential biomarkers in the clinical practice, further investigation is essential to identify innovative molecules that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel and unexplored RNA type, associated with various human pathological conditions. Recently, circRNAs have been identified to be enriched and stable in exosomes and can exert their functions when exosomes reach neighboring or distant cells. Increasing evidence indicates that these so called exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) act as signaling molecules to regulate cancer proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy. This review aims to discuss the latest progress in exo-circRNAs studies in CRC with an emphasis on their potential as promising diagnostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Momenifar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pakdaman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Luo K, Li X, Wang L, Rao W, Wu Y, Liu Y, Pan M, Huang D, Zhang W, Mai K. Ascorbic Acid Regulates the Immunity, Anti-Oxidation and Apoptosis in Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1449. [PMID: 34573080 PMCID: PMC8465606 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the roles of ascorbic acid (AA) in immune response, anti-oxidation and apoptosis in abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). Seven semi-purified diets with graded levels of AA (0, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg) were fed to abalone (initial weight: 12.01 ± 0.001 g, initial shell length: 48.44 ± 0.069 mm) for 100 days. The survival, weight gain rate and daily increment in shell length were not affected by dietary AA. The AA content in the gill, muscle and digestive glands of abalone was significantly increased by dietary AA. In terms of immunity, dietary AA significantly improved the total hemocyte count, respiratory burst and phagocytic activity in hemolymph, and lysozyme activity in cell-free hemolymph (CFH). In the digestive gland, the TLR-MyD88-dependent and TLR-MyD88-independent signaling pathways were suppressed by dietary AA supplementation. The mRNA levels of β-defensin and arginase-I in the digestive gland were significantly increased by dietary AA. In the gill, only the TLR-MyD88-dependent signaling pathway was depressed by dietary AA to reduce inflammation in abalone. The level of mytimacin 6 in the gill was significantly upregulated by dietary AA. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, the TLR signaling pathway in the digestive gland was suppressed by dietary AA, which reduced inflammation in the abalone. In terms of anti-oxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, as well as total anti-oxidative capacity and reduced glutathione content in CFH, were all significantly upregulated. The malondialdehyde content was significantly downregulated by dietary AA. The anti-oxidative capacity was improved by triggering the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in abalone. In terms of apoptosis, dietary AA could enhance the anti-apoptosis ability via the JNK-Bcl-2/Bax signaling cascade in abalone. To conclude, dietary AA was involved in regulating immunity, anti-oxidation and apoptosis in abalone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (K.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (W.R.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.P.); (D.H.); (K.M.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
176
|
Zhou Y, Zhu X, Cui H, Shi J, Yuan G, Shi S, Hu Y. The Role of the VEGF Family in Coronary Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:738325. [PMID: 34504884 PMCID: PMC8421775 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, the regulator of blood and lymphatic vessels, is mostly investigated in the tumor and ophthalmic field. However, the functions it enjoys can also interfere with the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and further diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD). The source, regulating mechanisms including upregulation and downregulation, target cells/tissues, and known functions about VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D are covered in the review. VEGF-A can regulate angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammation by binding with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. VEGF-B can regulate angiogenesis, redox, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-1. VEGF-C can regulate inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. VEGF-D can regulate lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, and apoptosis by binding with VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. These functions present great potential of applying the VEGF family for treating CHD. For instance, angiogenesis can compensate for hypoxia and ischemia by growing novel blood vessels. Lymphangiogenesis can degrade inflammation by providing exits for accumulated inflammatory cytokines. Anti-apoptosis can protect myocardium from impairment after myocardial infarction (MI). Fibrogenesis can promote myocardial fibrosis after MI to benefit cardiac recovery. In addition, all these factors have been confirmed to keep a link with lipid metabolism, the research about which is still in the early stage and exact mechanisms are relatively obscure. Because few reviews have been published about the summarized role of the VEGF family for treating CHD, the aim of this review article is to present an overview of the available evidence supporting it and give hints for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Sourani A, Saghaei S, Sabouri M, Soleimani M, Dehghani L. A systematic review of extracellular vesicles as non-invasive biomarkers in glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response monitoring. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6971-6985. [PMID: 34460059 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present systematic review was done to investigate the possible application of Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response monitoring of gliomas using available literature to wrap up the final applicable conclusion in this regard. we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. Authors evaluated the quality of the included studies by the QUADAS-2 tool. In total, 2037 published datasets were retrieved through systematic search. Upon screening for eligibility, 35 datasets were determined as eligible. Exosome was the EV-subtype described in the majority of studies, and most datasets used serum as the primary EVs isolation source. EVs isolation was primarily conducted by ultracentrifugation. 31 datasets reported that EVs hold considerable potential for being used in diagnostics, with the majority reporting different types of miRNAs as biomarkers. Besides, 8 datasets reported that EVs could be a potential source of prognostic biomarkers. And finally, 3 datasets reported that EVs might be a reliable strategy for monitoring therapy response in glioma patients. According to the findings of the current systematic review, it seems that miR-301, miR-21, and HOTAIR had the highest diagnostic accuracy. However, heterogeneous and limited evidence regarding prognosis and treatment response monitoring precludes us from drawing a practical conclusion regarding EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman Sourani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Saeid Saghaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masih Sabouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Neurosciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Long Non-coding RNAs: Potential Players in Cardiotoxicity Induced by Chemotherapy Drugs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 22:191-206. [PMID: 34417760 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important side effects of chemotherapy is cardiovascular complications, such as cardiotoxicity. Many factors are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity; one of the most important of which is long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNA has 200-1000 nucleotides. It is involved in important processes such as cell proliferation, regeneration and apoptosis; today it is used as a prognostic and diagnostic factor. A, various drugs by acting on lncRNAs can affect cells. Therefore, by accurately identifying IncRNAs function, we can play an effective role in preventing the development of cardiotoxicity-induced chemotherapy drugs, and use them as a therapeutic strategy to improve clinical symptoms and increase patient survival.
Collapse
|
179
|
Wang ZY, Li DL, Tian X, Zhang CY. A copper-free and enzyme-free click chemistry-mediated single quantum dot nanosensor for accurate detection of microRNAs in cancer cells and tissues. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10426-10435. [PMID: 34447534 PMCID: PMC8356811 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01865e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, and their aberrant expression may disturb the normal gene regulation network to induce various diseases, and thus accurate detection of miRNAs is essential to early clinical diagnosis. Herein, we develop for the first time a single-quantum dot (QD)-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanosensor to accurately detect miRNAs based on copper-free and enzyme-free cycling click chemistry-mediated tricyclic ligase chain reaction (LCR) amplification. We design four DNA probes namely DNA probes 1-4, with DNA probes 1 and 3 being modified with azide (N3) and DNA probes 2 and 4 being modified with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). When target miRNA is present, DNA probes 1 and 2 can proceed via copper-free and enzyme-free click chemistry to generate the probes 1-2 ligation product. Subsequently, DNA probes 3 and 4 can hybridize with the probes 1-2 ligation product to generate the probes 3-4 ligation product. Both the probes 1-2 ligation product and probes 3-4 ligation product can act as the templates to initiate cycling click chemistry-mediated tricyclic LCR amplification whose products can be easily measured by the single-QD-based FRET nanosensor. This assay does not involve any enzymatic reverse transcription, copper catalyst, and ligase enzyme, and it exhibits excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and the capability of differentiating even single-base mismatches. Moreover, this nanosensor can accurately quantify miRNA-155 even at the single-cell level, and it can distinguish the miRNA-155 expression in tissues of healthy persons and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China +86 0531-82615258 +86 0531-86186033
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China +86 0531-82615258 +86 0531-86186033
| | - Xiaorui Tian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China +86 0531-82615258 +86 0531-86186033
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China +86 0531-82615258 +86 0531-86186033
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Wang F, Sun H, Zuo B, Shi K, Zhang X, Zhang C, Sun D. Metformin attenuates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via upgrading autophagy in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16362. [PMID: 34381133 PMCID: PMC8357942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95827-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at comparing the effects of metformin on tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in different stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in vivo and evaluating the mechanism in high glucose (HG)-treated renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in vitro. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish a model of DN, and the changes of biochemical indicators and body weight were measured. The degree of renal fibrosis was quantified using histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot. The underlying relationship between autophagy and DN, and the cellular regulatory mechanism of metformin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated. Metformin markedly improved renal function and histological restoration of renal tissues, especially in the early stages of DN, with a significant increase in autophagy and a decrease in the expression of fibrotic biomarkers (fibronectin and collagen I) in renal tissue. Under hyperglycemic conditions, renal tubular epithelial cells inactivated p-AMPK and activated partial EMT. Metformin-induced AMPK significantly ameliorated renal autophagic function, inhibited the partial EMT of RTECs, and attenuated TIF, all of which effectively prevented or delayed the onset of DN. This evidence provides theoretical and experimental basis for the following research on the potential clinical application of metformin in the treatment of diabetic TIF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Haihan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bangjie Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Kunnummal M, Angelin M, Das AV. PIWI proteins and piRNAs in cervical cancer: a propitious dart in cancer stem cell-targeted therapy. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1629-1641. [PMID: 34374035 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Any form of cancer is a result of uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations and/or epigenetic alterations, implying that a balance of chromatin remodeling activities and epigenetic regulators is crucial to prevent the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Many of the chromatin remodelers do not recognize any specific sites on their targets and require guiding molecules to reach the respective targets. PIWI proteins and their interacting small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs) have proved to act as a guiding signal for such molecules. While epigenetic alterations lead to tumorigenesis, the stemness of cancer cells contributes to recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Various studies have propounded that the PIWI-piRNA complex also promotes stemness of cancer cells, providing new doors for target-mediated anti-cancer therapies. Despite the progress in diagnosis and development of vaccines, cervical cancer remains to be the second most prevalent cancer among women, due to the lack of cost-effective and accessible diagnostic and prevention methods. With the emergence of liquid biopsy, there is a significant demand for the ideal biomarker in the diagnosis of cancer. PIWI and piRNAs have been recommended to serve as prognostic and diagnostic markers, to differentiate early and later stages of cancer, including cervical cancer. This review discusses how PIWIs and piRNAs are involved in disease progression as well as their potential role in diagnostics and therapeutics in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midhunaraj Kunnummal
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mary Angelin
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Malhab LJB, Saber-Ayad MM, Al-Hakm R, Nair VA, Paliogiannis P, Pintus G, Abdel-Rahman WM. Chronic Inflammation and Cancer: The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2156-2169. [PMID: 33655853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210303143442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting subclinical inflammation is associated with a wide range of human diseases, particularly at a middle and older age. Recent reports showed that there is a direct causal link between inflammation and cancer development, as several cancers were found to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. In patients with cancer, healthy endothelial cells regulate vascular homeostasis, and it is believed that they can limit tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. Conversely, dysfunctional endothelial cells that have been exposed to the inflammatory tumor microenvironment can support cancer progression and metastasis. Dysfunctional endothelial cells can exert these effects via diverse mechanisms, including dysregulated adhesion, permeability, and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling. In this review, we highlight the role of vascular inflammation in predisposition to cancer within the context of two common disease risk factors: obesity and smoking. In addition, we discuss the molecular triggers, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the biological consequences of vascular inflammation during cancer development and metastasis. Finally, we summarize the current therapies and pharmacological agents that target vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara J Bou Malhab
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha M Saber-Ayad
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranyah Al-Hakm
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Surgery, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43,07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
He J, Chen M, Xu J, Fang J, Liu Z, Qi H. Identification and characterization of Piwi-interacting RNAs in human placentas of preeclampsia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15766. [PMID: 34344990 PMCID: PMC8333249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common disease of pregnancy that poses a serious threat to the safety of pregnant women and the fetus; however, the etiology of preeclampsia is inconclusive. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that are present at high levels in germ cells and are associated with spermatogenesis. Emerging evidence demonstrated that piRNA is expressed in a variety of human tissues and is closely associated with tumorigenesis. However, changes in the piRNA expression profile in the placenta have not been investigated. In this study, we used small RNA sequencing to evaluate the differences in piRNA expression profiles between preeclampsia and control patients and potential functions. Differential expression analysis found 41 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated piRNAs in preeclamptic samples. In addition, the functional enrichment analysis of piRNAs target genes indicated that they were related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and tissue-specific. Finally, we examined the expression pattern of the PIWL family proteins in the placenta, and PIWL3 and PIWIL4 were the primary subtypes in the human placenta. In summary, this study first summarized the changes in the expression pattern of piRNA in preeclampsia and provided new clues for the regulatory role of piRNA in the human placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No. 745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,China-Canada-New Zealand Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Cheng G, Dong H, Yang C, Liu Y, Wu Y, Zhu L, Tong X, Wang S. A review on the advances and challenges of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:406. [PMID: 34332576 PMCID: PMC8325213 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), which includes lip and oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx malignancies, is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to the interaction of tumor cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy of HNCs, along with traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, has attracted much attention. Four main immunotherapy strategies in HNCs have been developed, including oncolytic viruses, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), and therapeutic vaccines. Oncorine (H101), an approved oncolytic adenovirus in China, is the pioneer of immunotherapy for the treatment of HNCs. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are mAbs against PD-L1 that have been approved for recurrent and metastatic HNC patients. To date, several clinical trials using immunotherapy agents and their combination are under investigation. In this review, we summarize current the interaction of tumor cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of HNCs, the main strategies that have been applied for immunotherapy of HNCs, obstacles that hinder the success of immunotherapies in patients with HNCs, as well as solutions for overcoming the challenges to enhance the response of HNCs to immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lifen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Methods of Attenuating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158229. [PMID: 34360995 PMCID: PMC8347959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation. However, the transplantation is ultimately associated with the occurrence of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). It affects not only the function of the graft but also significantly worsens the oncological results. Various methods have been used so far to manage IRI. These include the non-invasive approach (pharmacotherapy) and more advanced options encompassing various types of liver conditioning and machine perfusion. Strategies aimed at shortening ischemic times and better organ allocation pathways are still under development as well. This article presents the mechanisms responsible for IRI, its impact on treatment outcomes, and strategies to mitigate it. An extensive review of the relevant literature using MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus databases until September 2020 was conducted. Only full-text articles written in English were included. The following search terms were used: “ischemia reperfusion injury”, “liver transplantation”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “preconditioning”, “machine perfusion”.
Collapse
|
186
|
Gao L, Liu H, Xu R, Qiu J, Peng X, Yang Y, Zhang D, Qian J. ADAM17 and NF-κB p65 form a positive feedback loop that facilitates human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell viability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:845-854. [PMID: 34367416 PMCID: PMC8339723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) was proposed to cooperate with NF-κB p65, promoting tumorigenesis and progression of several human cancers. However, the role of ADAM17 remains unknown in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, gene expression analyses and cell viability assays suggested that knockdown of ADAM17 suppressed ESCC cell viability. Gene expression analyses and ChIP-qPCR revealed that NF-κB p65 positively regulated ADAM17 expression by binding to the ADAM17 promoter. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of ADAM17 in NF-κB p65-depleted ESCC cells restored cell viability. In addition, western blot analyses and ChIP-qPCR indicated that ADAM17 was responsible for the persistent activation of NF-κB p65 and contributed to ADAM17 expression in ESCC cells. In conclusion, we propose that ADAM17-activated NF-κB p65 signaling positively regulates ADAM17 expression, and facilitates ESCC cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Jianwei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| | - Junbo Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of NantongNantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Mathew A, Doorenbos AZ, Li H, Jang MK, Park CG, Bronas UG. Allostatic Load in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Mini Meta-Analysis. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:341-361. [PMID: 33138637 PMCID: PMC8755951 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420969898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with cancer experience stress throughout the cancer trajectory. Allostatic load (AL), a cumulative multi-system measure, may have a greater value in stress assessment and the associated biological burden than individual biomarkers. A better understanding of the use of AL and its operationalization in cancer could aid in early detection and prevention or alleviation of AL in this population. PURPOSE To consolidate findings on the operationalization, antecedents, and outcomes of AL in cancer. METHODS Seven databases (CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL) were searched for articles published through April 2020. The NIH tools were used to assess study quality. RESULTS Twelve studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Although variability existed in the estimation of AL, biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems were mostly used. Associations of AL with cancer-specific variables were examined mostly utilizing population-databases. Significant associations of AL with variables such as cancer-related stress, positive cancer history, post traumatic growth, resilience, tumor pathology, and cancer-specific mortality were found. Mini meta-analysis found that a one-unit increase in AL was associated with a 9% increased risk of cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSION This review reveals heterogeneity in operationalization of AL in cancer research and lack of clarity regarding causal direction between AL and cancer. Nevertheless, AL holds a significant promise in cancer research and practice. AL could be included as a screening tool for high-risk individuals or a health outcome in cancer. Optimal standardized approaches to measure AL would improve its clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Mathew
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- College of Nursing, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ardith Z. Doorenbos
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongjin Li
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Min Kyeong Jang
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Gi Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, Office of Research Facilitation, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ulf G. Bronas
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Laboratory of Vascular and Cognitive Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Lin D, Fan W, Zhang R, Zhao E, Li P, Zhou W, Peng J, Li L. Molecular subtype identification and prognosis stratification by a metabolism-related gene expression signature in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:279. [PMID: 34193202 PMCID: PMC8244251 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprograming have been associated with cancer occurrence and progression within the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the prognostic potential of metabolism-related genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been comprehensively studied. Here, we investigated metabolic transcript-related CRC subtypes and relevant immune landscapes, and developed a metabolic risk score (MRS) for survival prediction. METHODS Metabolism-related genes were collected from the Molecular Signatures Database and metabolic subtypes were identified using an unsupervised clustering algorithm based on the expression profiles of survival-related metabolic genes in GSE39582. The ssGSEA and ESTIMATE methods were applied to estimate the immune infiltration among subtypes. The MRS model was developed using LASSO Cox regression in the GSE39582 dataset and independently validated in the TCGA CRC and GSE17537 datasets. RESULTS We identified two metabolism-related subtypes (cluster-A and cluster-B) of CRC based on the expression profiles of 539 survival-related metabolic genes with distinct immune profiles and notably different prognoses. The cluster-B subtype had a shorter OS and RFS than the cluster-A subtype. Eighteen metabolism-related genes that were mostly involved in lipid metabolism pathways were used to build the MRS in GSE39582. Patients with higher MRS had worse prognosis than those with lower MRS (HR 3.45, P < 0.001). The prognostic role of MRS was validated in the TCGA CRC (HR 2.12, P = 0.00017) and GSE17537 datasets (HR 2.67, P = 0.039). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and stratified analyses revealed the robust predictive ability of the MRS in each dataset. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicted that the MRS could predict OS independent of TNM stage and age. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel insight into metabolic heterogeneity and its relationship with immune landscape in CRC. The MRS was identified as a robust prognostic marker and may facilitate individualized therapy for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagui Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Fan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Enen Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pansong Li
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liren Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Anciaux M, Demetter P, De Wind R, Gomez Galdon M, Vande Velde S, Lens G, Craciun L, Deleruelle A, Larsimont D, Lenaerts T, Sclafani F, Deleporte A, Donckier V, Hendlisz A, Vandeputte C. Infiltrative tumour growth pattern correlates with poor outcome in oesophageal cancer. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 7:bmjgast-2020-000431. [PMID: 32675198 PMCID: PMC7368551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Oesophageal cancer (OEC) is an aggressive disease with a poor survival rate. Prognostic markers are thus urgently needed. Due to the demonstrated prognostic value of histopathological growth pattern (HGP) in other cancers, we performed a retrospective assessment of HGP in patients suffering from invasive OEC. Design A first cohort composed of 89 treatment-naïve operated patients with OEC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database was constituted, from which H&E images and RNA-sequencing data were retrieved. Next, a second cohort composed of 99 patients with OEC treated and operated in a Belgian hospital was established. H&E-stained sections and extracted tumorous RNA were obtained from the samples. HGP were assessed on H&E slides as infiltrative (IGP) or expansive (EGP). TCGA RNA-sequencing data were analysed through the gene set enrichment analysis and Cytoscape softwares. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments were performed to assess gene expression in the Belgian cohort. Results IGP patients displayed a grim prognosis compared with EGP patients, while IGP was found as associated with numerous lymphovascular emboli and perinervous infiltrations. Analyses of the TCGA expression data showed that angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation were significantly upregulated in IGP compared with EGP samples. qPCR experiments of three genes appearing as highly upregulated in each pathway showed no difference in expression according to the HGP. Conclusion The current study demonstrates the poor prognostic value carried by IGP in OC and suggests angiogenesis, EMT and inflammation as key carcinogenetic pathways upregulated in this pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maelle Anciaux
- Digestive Oncology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Roland De Wind
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Sylvie Vande Velde
- Machine Learning Group, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaspard Lens
- Computer Science Unit, Haute Ecole Leonard de Vinci Institut Paul Lambin, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amélie Deleruelle
- Digestive Oncology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- Machine Learning Group, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Sclafani
- Digestive Oncology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amélie Deleporte
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alain Hendlisz
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
190
|
Chen Z, Chen H, Yang L, Li X, Wang Z. CircPLCE1 facilitates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer by repressing the SRSF2-dependent PLCE1 pre-RNA splicing. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7244-7256. [PMID: 34173324 PMCID: PMC8335689 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in various types of cancer; however, the mechanisms of circRNAs located in the nucleus have rarely been explored. Here, we report a novel circular RNA circPLCE1 (hsa_circ_0019230) that facilitates the malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) by repressing serine/arginine‐rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2)‐dependent phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) pre‐RNA splicing. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of circPLCE1 in CRC tissues and cells. Cell Counting Kit‐8, Transwell and flow cytometric assays were used to assess the role of circPLE1 in CRC cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, respectively. An animal study was conducted to test the role of circPLCE1 in vivo. Furthermore, catRAPID and RPISeq were used to predict the possible binding proteins of circPLCE1. RNA fractionation and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the RNA‐protein interaction. In this study, we found that circPLCE1 was more significantly down‐regulated in CRC tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. However, circPLCE1 knockdown suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion and increased apoptosis. Nude mouse experiments showed that ectopic expression of circPLCE1 dramatically increased tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circPLCE1 directly bound to the SRSF2 protein, repressing SRSF2‐dependent PLCE1 pre‐RNA splicing, resulting in the progression of CRC. Individually mutating the binding sites of circPLCE1 abolished the inhibition of PLCE1 mRNA production. Our study revealed a novel molecular mechanism in the regulation of PLCE1 and suggested a new function of circular RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Darbeheshti F, Zokaei E, Mansoori Y, Emadi Allahyari S, Kamaliyan Z, Kadkhoda S, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J, Rezaei N, Shakoori A. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0044234 as distinct molecular signature of triple negative breast cancer: a potential regulator of GATA3. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:312. [PMID: 34126989 PMCID: PMC8201848 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the initiation and development of breast cancer as functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). The roles of circRNAs as the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to sponge microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been indicated. However, the functions of circRNAs in breast cancer have not been totally elucidated. This study aimed to explore the clinical implications and possible roles of circ_0044234 in carcinogenesis of the most problematic BC subtype, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which are in desperate need of biomarkers and targeted therapies. METHODS The importance of circ_0044234 as one of the most dysregulated circRNAs in TNBC was discovered through microarray expression profile analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to confirm the downregulation of circ_0044234 in triple negative tumors and cell lines versus non-triple negative ones. The bioinformatics prediction revealed that circ_0044234 could act as an upstream sponge in the miR-135b/GATA3 axis, two of the most dysregulated transcripts in TNBC. RESULTS Our experimental investigation of circ_0044234 expressions in various BC subtypes as well as cell lines reveals that TNBC expresses circ_0044234 at a substantially lower level than non-TNBC. The ROC curve analysis indicates that it could be applied as a discriminative biomarker to identify TNBC from other BC subtypes. Moreover, circ_0044234 expression could be an independent prognostic biomarker in BC. Interestingly, a substantial inverse expression correlation was detected between circ_0044234 and miR-135b-5p as well as between miR-135b-5p and GATA3 in breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS The possible clinical usefulness of circ_0044234 as a promising distinct biomarker and upcoming therapeutic target for TNBC have been indicated in this research. Our comprehensive approach revealed the potential circ_0044234/miR135b-5p/GATA3 ceRNA axis in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zokaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Disease Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sima Emadi Allahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeeba Kamaliyan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Kadkhoda
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Medical Genetic Ward, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran. .,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Yu J, Yang L, Lu H. The emerging role of circular RNAs in common solid malignant tumors in children. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34116651 PMCID: PMC8196486 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are one of the fatal diseases that threaten children’s physical and mental health and affect their development. Research has shown that the occurrence and development of malignant tumors are associated with the abnormal expression and regulation of genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have a closed circular structure, with a relatively stable expression, and do not undergo exonuclease-mediated degradation readily. Recent studies have shown that circRNA plays an important role in the occurrence, metastasis, and invasion of solid malignant tumors (SMTs) in children. Thus, circRNA is being considered as a breakthrough in the treatment of SMTs in children. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs involved in SMTs in children oncogenesis, and summarize the roles of circRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptotic death, the cell cycle, cell migrative and invasive ability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells and drug resistance in SMTs in children. In addition, we also discuss the role of circRNAs in the early diagnosis, pathological grading, targeted therapy, and prognosis evaluation of common SMTs in children. CircRNAs are likely to provide a novel direction in therapy in SMTs of children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Surgical Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 6, Tongfu Rd, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Surgical Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 6, Tongfu Rd, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Hongting Lu
- Surgical Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 6, Tongfu Rd, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Ghafouri-Fard S, Dinger ME, Maleki P, Taheri M, Hajiesmaeili M. Emerging role of circular RNAs in the pathobiology of lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111805. [PMID: 34120067 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the leading causes of cancer mortality and incidence in both sexes. Different classes of transcripts have been proposed as molecular markers in this type of cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of transcripts with circular enclosed and stable configuration. These transcripts are stable in the blood, thus can be used as markers for detection of disorders. Moreover, dysregulation of circRNAs in the affected tissues of patients with different cancers shows their possible roles in the carcinogenesis. Several circRNAs including circPRKC1, circFGFR1, hsa-circ-0020123 and circTP63 have been found to be up-regulated in lung cancer samples. Meanwhile, cir-ITCH, hsa_circ_100395, hsa_circ_0033155, circRNF13, circNOL10, circ-UBR5, circPTK2 and circCRIM1 have been shown to be down-regulated in lung cancer tissues compared with noncancerous counterparts. Finally, prognostic values of circPRKC1, circFGFR1, has-circ-00120123, circTP63, circ_0067934, CDR1as, hsa_circRN_103809 and some other circRNAs have been appraised in lung cancer. In the current manuscript, we describe the impact and utility of circRNAs in the pathology of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Parichehr Maleki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Xu Z, Hu Q, Zang X, Zhou C, Liu D, Liu G, Hong L. Analysis of Transcripts of Uncertain Coding Potential Using RNA Sequencing During the Preattachment Phase in Goat Endometrium. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:998-1008. [PMID: 34115954 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcripts of uncertain coding potential (TUCP) are part of long noncoding RNAs, which include short open reading frames and could be translated into small peptides. In recent years, a growing number of TUCPs has been implicated in multiple biological activities, such as embryogenesis and transcriptional regulation. However, the abundance of TUCPs and their roles in goat endometrium during pregnancy recognition (day 16) remain undocumented. In this study, bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify the differentially expressed (DE) TUCPs between pregnant animals and corresponding nonpregnant controls. A total of 5551 TUCPs were identified; 114 TUCPs were DE in goat endometrium, of which 74 TUCPs were upregulated in pregnant endometrium, whereas 40 TUCPs were downregulated. The related genes of TUCP were predicted by using coexpression and colocalization methods. In summary, 419 genes were predicted by colocalization, and 9464 genes were predicted by coexpression. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that TUCPs, which are highly expressed in pregnant endometrium, were mainly associated with endometrial remodeling, nutrient synthesis, and transportation. However, TUCPs that were lowly expressed in pregnant endometrium were mainly associated with immune tolerance, which is necessary for the protection and development of the embryo in the uterus. These findings may be used for the comparative analysis of TUCP transcripts in endometrium and assist in the selection of applicable candidate genes associated with embryo implantation for further functional analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Hu
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xupeng Zang
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- College of Animal Science, and South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
195
|
Wu H, Jiang W, Ji G, Xu R, Zhou G, Yu H. Exploring microRNA target genes and identifying hub genes in bladder cancer based on bioinformatic analysis. BMC Urol 2021; 21:90. [PMID: 34112125 PMCID: PMC8194198 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most frequent malignancy of the urinary system. The aim of this study was to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) and hub genes associated with BC as well as analyse their targeted relationships. METHODS According to the microRNA dataset GSE112264 and gene microarray dataset GSE52519, differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the R limma software package. The FunRich software database was used to predict the miRNA-targeted genes. The overlapping common genes (OCGs) between miRNA-targeted genes and DEGs were screened to construct the PPI network. Then, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed through the "cluster Profiler" and "org.Hs.eg.db" R packages. The differential expression analysis and hierarchical clustering of these hub genes were analysed through the GEPIA and UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser databases, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of hub genes were performed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS A total of 12 DEMs and 10 hub genes were identified. Differential expression analysis of the hub genes using the GEPIA database was consistent with the results for the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser database. The results indicated that these hub genes were oncogenes, but VCL, TPM2, and TPM1 were tumour suppressor genes. The GSEA also showed that hub genes were most enriched in those pathways that were closely associated with tumour proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we built a miRNA-mRNA regulatory targeted network, which explores an understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer development and provides key evidence for novel targeted treatments for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wubing Jiang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Ji
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaobo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Tang W, Luo G, Lu Y, Chen C, Liu H, Li Y. Application of a new serratus anterior plane block in modified radical mastectomy under ultrasound guidance: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Clin Anesth 2021; 74:110377. [PMID: 34118568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2021.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Post-operative pain is a significant concern following modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients. The serratus anterior plane block has recently been described as an effective technique for post-operative analgesia of modified radical mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of a new serratus anterior plane (SAP) block for post-operative pain of mastectomy. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. SETTING Single university teaching hospital, from October 2019 to April 2020. PATIENTS Eighty-seven female breast cancer patients aged 30-81 years scheduled for unilateral modified radical mastectomy. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly allocated to receive either general anesthesia plus SAP block (SAP block group, n = 43) or general anesthesia alone (Control group, n = 44). A single injection of 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine was administered into fascial plane between the pectoralis major and the serratus anterior in SAP block group. In the Control group, no block intervention was applied. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure of the study was the VAS pain scores at different time-points (1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h) after modified radical mastectomy whereas the secondary outcome measures were the consumption of opioid analgesics. MAIN RESULTS Breast cancer patients in SAP block group had lower VAS pain scores compared with the Control group during the early post-operative period (1 h and 6 h after modified radical mastectomy), both at rest and with movement. In addition, the consumption of propofol was similar in two groups (P = 0.406), and the consumption of sufentanil and remifentanil in SAP block group were significantly lower than that of Control group (P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SAP block significantly attenuated post-operative pain and decreased opioids consumption in breast cancer patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900026989).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Guangtao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuanhai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Akbari E, Mousazadeh H, Hanifehpour Y, Mostafavi E, Gorabi AM, Nejati K, keyhanvar P, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Mohammadhosseini M, Akbarzadeh A. Co-Loading of Cisplatin and Methotrexate in Nanoparticle-Based PCL-PEG System Enhances Lung Cancer Chemotherapy Effects. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
198
|
Harris C, Savas J, Ray S, Shanle EK. Yeast-based screening of cancer mutations in the DNA damage response protein Mre11 demonstrates importance of conserved capping domain residues. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4107-4119. [PMID: 34075539 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are initiated to prevent mutations from being passed on in the event of DNA damage. Mutations in DDR proteins can contribute to the development and maintenance of cancer cells, but many mutations observed in human tumors have not been functionally characterized. Because a proper response to DNA damage is fundamental to living organisms, DDR proteins and processes are often highly conserved. The goal of this project was to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model for functional screening of human cancer mutations in conserved DDR proteins. After comparing the cancer mutation frequency and conservation of DDR proteins, Mre11 was selected for functional screening. A subset of mutations in conserved residues was analyzed by structural modeling and screened for functional effects in yeast Mre11. Yeast expressing wild type or mutant Mre11 were then assessed for DNA damage sensitivity using hydroxyurea (HU) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results were further validated in human cancer cells. The N-terminal point mutations tested in yeast Mre11 do not confer sensitivity to DNA damage sensitivity, suggesting that these residues are dispensable for yeast Mre11 function and may have conserved sequence without conserved function. However, a mutation near the capping domain associated with breast and colorectal cancers compromises Mre11 function in both yeast and human cells. These results provide novel insight into the function of this conserved capping domain residue and demonstrate a framework for yeast-based screening of cancer mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Harris
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, 23901, USA
| | - Jessica Savas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, 23901, USA
| | - Sreerupa Ray
- Department of Biology, Linfield University, McMinnville, OR, 97128, USA
| | - Erin K Shanle
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, 23901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Huang X, Zhang ZH, Chen J, Mao Z, Zhu H, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Chen H. One dimensional magneto-optical nanocomplex from silver nanoclusters and magnetite nanorods containing ordered mesocages for sensitive detection of PD-L1. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113385. [PMID: 34091282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a typical immune checkpoint protein, whose up-regulation on the membrane of different tumor cells inhibits the immune response of T cells and leads to the escape of tumor cells. In this work, we designed a facile and highly specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor to detect PD-L1 in human plasma based on magnetite nanorods containing ordered mesocages (MNOM) and silver nanoclusters (AgNCs). Magneto-optical nanocomplex MNOM@AgNCs with superior magneto-optical properties and high signal-to-noise ratio were fabricated to improve the detection sensitivity owing to the high specific surface area of MNOM and excellent localized SPR of AgNCs. The PD-L1 Antibody on the surface of gold chip and the PD-L1 aptamer on MNOM@AgNCs could realize dual selective recognition of PD-L1, providing the specificity of the sensor and reducing non-specific binding. The SPR sensor showed a good linear range of PD-L1 from 10 ng/mL to 300 ng/mL with the detection limit of 3.29 ng/mL. The practical performance of this immunosensing platform had been successfully verified by clinical samples which included healthy donors and cancer patients. Based on the analysis, the developed immunosensor provided a new strategy for point-of-care detection of PD-L1 and could be used as clinical companion diagnosis of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Zhao-Huan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Zhihui Mao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Han Zhu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yawen Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
The Role of Epigenomic Regulatory Pathways in the Gut-Brain Axis and Visceral Hyperalgesia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:361-376. [PMID: 34057682 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is broadly accepted to describe the bidirectional circuit that links the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system (CNS). Interest in the GBA has grown dramatically over past two decades along with advances in our understanding of the importance of the axis in the pathophysiology of numerous common clinical disorders including mood disorders, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes mellitus, non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and enhanced abdominal pain (visceral hyperalgesia). Paralleling the growing interest in the GBA, there have been seminal developments in our understanding of how environmental factors such as psychological stress and other extrinsic factors alter gene expression, primarily via epigenomic regulatory mechanisms. This process has been driven by advances in next-generation multi-omics methods and bioinformatics. Recent reviews address various components of GBA, but the role of epigenomic regulatory pathways in chronic stress-associated visceral hyperalgesia in relevant regions of the GBA including the amygdala, spinal cord, primary afferent (nociceptive) neurons, and the intestinal barrier has not been addressed. Rapidly developing evidence suggests that intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis play a potentially significant role in chronic stress-associated visceral hyperalgesia in nociceptive neurons innervating the lower intestine via downregulation in intestinal epithelial cell tight junction protein expression and increase in paracellular permeability. These observations support an important role for the regulatory epigenome in the development of future diagnostics and therapeutic interventions in clinical disorders affecting the GBA.
Collapse
|