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Manjunath M, Swaroop S, Pradhan SS, Rao K R, Mahadeva R, Sivaramakrishnan V, Choudhary B. Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Disarib, a Novel Bcl2-Specific Inhibitor. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071208. [PMID: 35885991 PMCID: PMC9316176 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic profiling of several drugs in cancer cell lines has been utilised to obtain drug-specific signatures and guided combination therapy to combat drug resistance and toxicity. Global metabolomics reflects changes due to altered activity of enzymes, environmental factors, etc. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics can provide genotype-phenotype correlation, providing meaningful insights into alterations in gene expression and its outcome to understand differential metabolism and guide therapy. This study uses a multi-omics approach to understand the global gene expression and metabolite changes induced by Disarib, a novel Bcl2-specific inhibitor in the Ehrlich adenocarcinoma (EAC) breast cancer mouse model. RNAseq analysis was performed on EAC mouse tumours treated with Disarib and compared to the controls. The expression of 6 oncogenes and 101 tumour suppressor genes interacting with Bcl2 and Bak were modulated upon Disarib treatment. Cancer hallmark pathways like DNA repair, Cell cycle, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial metabolism were downregulated, and programmed cell death platelet-related pathways were upregulated. Global metabolomic profiling using LC-MS revealed that Oncometabolites like carnitine, oleic acid, glycine, and arginine were elevated in tumour mice compared to normal and were downregulated upon Disarib treatment. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles identified arginine metabolism, histidine, and purine metabolism to be altered upon Disarib treatment. Pro-angiogenic metabolites, arginine, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and myristoleic acid were downregulated in Disarib-treated mice. We further validated the effect of Disarib on angiogenesis by qRT-PCR analysis of genes in the VEGF pathway. Disarib treatment led to the downregulation of pro-angiogenic markers. Furthermore, the chorioallantoic membrane assay displayed a reduction in the formation of the number of secondary blood vessels upon Disarib treatment. Disarib reduces tumours by reducing oncometabolite and activating apoptosis and downregulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Manjunath
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai Swaroop
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (S.S.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (S.S.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Raksha Rao K
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Raghunandan Mahadeva
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.S.); (S.S.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (R.R.K.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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152
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Single-cell transcriptomics profiling the compatibility mechanism of As 2O 3-indigo naturalis formula based on bone marrow stroma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113182. [PMID: 35643069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound realgar natural indigo tablet is the only oral arsenic agent widely used in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment. However, as a therapeutic drug for diseases of the blood system, the scientific knowledge of As2O3-indigo naturalis formula compatibility has not been studied in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). We chose arsenic trioxide (As2O3: A), tanshinone IIA (T) and indirubin (I) as representative active compounds of realgar, indigo naturalis, and Salvia miltiorrhiza, respectively, to evaluated the pharmaceutical mechanism and the compatibility of ATI (drug combination) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The overlapped genes associated with both disease and drug were selected in BMSCs for in-depth analysis. Results show that joint applications of ATI had the strongest therapeutic efficacy in a murine APL model. Lepr-MSCs, OLCs and BMECs were the sensitive cell groups targeted by ATI in the murine APL model. ATI could regulate the related genes of osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation, and endothelial cell migration in bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells in murine APL model and improve normal hematopoiesis-related gene expression and poor prognosis of Lepr-MSCs, OLCs and BMECs in mice with leukemia according to scRNA-seq data. The strongest regulatory effects were found in the joint applications of ATI. ATI combination had the potential mechanism to maintain the stability of the hematopoietic microenvironment and promote hematopoiesis to assist in the treatment of APL. This study illustrated the potential mechanism of ATI in regulating BMSCs from the overall perspective of the hematopoietic microenvironment, and broadened the scientific understanding of ATI compatibility in BMSCs.
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153
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Guo R, Liu T, Shasaltaneh MD, Wang X, Imani S, Wen Q. Targeting Adenylate Cyclase Family: New Concept of Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829212. [PMID: 35832555 PMCID: PMC9271773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase (ADCY) superfamily is a group of glycoproteins regulating intracellular signaling. ADCYs act as key regulators in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway and are related to cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. Many members of the superfamily are detectable in most chemoresistance cases despite the complexity and unknownness of the specific mechanism underlying the role of ADCYs in the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. The overactivation of ADCY, as well as its upstream and downstream regulators, is implicated as a major potential target of novel anticancer therapies and markers of exceptional responders to chemotherapy. The present review focuses on the oncogenic functions of the ADCY family and emphasizes the possibility of the mediating roles of deleterious nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in ADCY as a prognostic therapeutic target in modulating resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It assesses the mediating roles of ADCY and its counterparts as stress regulators in reprogramming cancer cell metabolism and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the well-evaluated inhibitors of ADCY-related signaling, which are under clinical investigation, are highlighted. A better understanding of ADCY-induced signaling and deleterious nsSNPs (p.E1003K and p.R1116C) in ADCY6 provides new opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies in personalized oncology and new approaches to enhance chemoimmunotherapy efficacy in treating various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Xuan Wang
- China Regional Research Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- China Regional Research Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Saber Imani, ; QingLian Wen,
| | - QingLian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Saber Imani, ; QingLian Wen,
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154
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cAMP Is a Promising Regulatory Molecule for Plant Adaptation to Heat Stress. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060885. [PMID: 35743916 PMCID: PMC9225146 DOI: 10.3390/life12060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With gradual warming or increased frequency and magnitude of high temperature, heat stress adversely affects plant growth and eventually reduces plant productivity and quality. Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to sense and respond to heat stress which are crucial to avoiding cell damage and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Recently, 33″,55″-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has been proved to be an important signaling molecule participating in plant adaptation to heat stress by affecting multi-level regulatory networks. Significant progress has been made on many fronts of cAMP research, particularly in understanding the downstream signaling events that culminate in the activation of stress-responsive genes, mRNA translation initiation, vesicle trafficking, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, HSPs-assisted protein processing, and cellular ion homeostasis to prevent heat-related damage and to preserve cellular and metabolic functions. In this present review, we summarize recent works on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of cAMP in plant response to heat stress which could be useful in finding thermotolerant key genes to develop heat stress-resistant varieties and that have the potential for utilizing cAMP as a chemical regulator to improve plant thermotolerance. New directions for future studies on cAMP are discussed.
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155
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He L, Lu H, Ji X, Chu J, Qin X, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Gao J, Yang J, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Zhang W. Stimulatory G-Protein α Subunit Modulates Endothelial Cell Permeability Through Regulation of Plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941064. [PMID: 35721211 PMCID: PMC9204201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell leakage occurs in several diseases. Intracellular junctions and transcellular fashion are involved. The definite regulatory mechanism is complicated and not fully elucidated. The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G-stimulatory protein (Gsα) mediates receptor-stimulated production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, the role of Gsα in the endothelial barrier remains unclear. In this study, mice with knockout of endothelial-specific Gsα (GsαECKO) were generated by crossbreeding Gsαflox/flox mice with Cdh5-CreERT2 transgenic mice, induced in adult mice by tamoxifen treatment. GsαECKO mice displayed phenotypes of edema, anemia, hypoproteinemia and hyperlipoproteinemia, which indicates impaired microvascular permeability. Mechanistically, Gsα deficiency reduces the level of endothelial plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP). In addition, overexpression of Gsα increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) as well as the mRNA and protein levels of PLVAP. CREB could bind to the CRE site of PLVAP promoter and regulate its expression. Thus, Gsα might regulate endothelial permeability via cAMP/CREB-mediated PLVAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan He
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuyang Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianying Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lee S. Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Wencheng Zhang,
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156
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Small but Powerful: The Human Vault RNAs as Multifaceted Modulators of Pro-Survival Characteristics and Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112787. [PMID: 35681764 PMCID: PMC9179338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small non-protein-coding RNAs have been recognized as valuable regulators of gene expression in all three domains of life. Particularly in multicellular organisms, ncRNAs-mediated gene expression control has evolved as a central principle of cellular homeostasis. Thus, it is not surprising that non-coding RNA misregulation has been linked to various diseases. Here, we review the contributions of the four human vault RNAs to cellular proliferation, apoptosis and cancer biology. Abstract The importance of non-coding RNAs for regulating gene expression has been uncovered in model systems spanning all three domains of life. More recently, their involvement in modulating signal transduction, cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and cancer progression has also made them promising tools and targets for oncotherapy. Recent studies revealed a class of highly conserved small ncRNAs, namely vault RNAs, as regulators of several cellular homeostasis mechanisms. The human genome encodes four vault RNA paralogs that share significant sequence and structural similarities, yet they seem to possess distinct roles in mammalian cells. The alteration of vault RNA expression levels has frequently been observed in cancer tissues, thus hinting at a putative role in orchestrating pro-survival characteristics. Over the last decade, significant advances have been achieved in clarifying the relationship between vault RNA and cellular mechanisms involved in cancer development. It became increasingly clear that vault RNAs are involved in controlling apoptosis, lysosome biogenesis and function, as well as autophagy in several malignant cell lines, most likely by modulating signaling pathways (e.g., the pro-survival MAPK cascade). In this review, we discuss the identified and known functions of the human vault RNAs in the context of cell proliferation, tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance.
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157
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Horst B, Pradhan S, Chaudhary R, Listik E, Quintero-Macias L, Choi AS, Southard M, Liu Y, Whitaker R, Hempel N, Berchuck A, Nixon AB, Lee NY, Henis YI, Mythreye K. Hypoxia-induced inhibin promotes tumor growth and vascular permeability in ovarian cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:536. [PMID: 35654828 PMCID: PMC9163327 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a driver of tumor growth and metastasis, regulates angiogenic pathways that are targets for vessel normalization and ovarian cancer management. However, toxicities and resistance to anti-angiogenics can limit their use making identification of new targets vital. Inhibin, a heteromeric TGFβ ligand, is a contextual regulator of tumor progression acting as an early tumor suppressor, yet also an established biomarker for ovarian cancers. Here, we find that hypoxia increases inhibin levels in ovarian cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and patients. Inhibin is regulated primarily through HIF-1, shifting the balance under hypoxia from activins to inhibins. Hypoxia regulated inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability. Targeting inhibin in vivo through knockdown and anti-inhibin strategies robustly reduces permeability in vivo and alters the balance of pro and anti-angiogenic mechanisms resulting in vascular normalization. Mechanistically, inhibin regulates permeability by increasing VE-cadherin internalization via ACVRL1 and CD105, a receptor complex that we find to be stabilized directly by inhibin. Our findings demonstrate direct roles for inhibins in vascular normalization via TGF-β receptors providing new insights into the therapeutic significance of inhibins as a strategy to normalize the tumor vasculature in ovarian cancer. Hypoxia increases levels of the heteromeric TGFβ ligand inhibin in ovarian cancer and inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability.
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158
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Xie Y, Ning S, Hu J. Molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1813-1823. [PMID: 35633416 PMCID: PMC9189092 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Rapid evolution of the therapeutic management of prostate cancer, especially in in second-generation androgen inhibitors, has increased the opportunity of transformation from prostate cancer (PCa) to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). NEPC still lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Researches into the molecular characteristics of neuroendocrine differentiation is undoubtedly crucial to the discovery of new target genes for accurate diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Purpose In this review, we focus on the relevant genes and molecular mechanisms that have contributed to the transformation in the progression of PCa and discuss the potential targeted molecule that might improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness. Methods The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed for this article. Conclusion Several molecular characteristics influence the progression of neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer which will provide a novel sight for accurate diagnosis and target therapeutic intervention for patients with NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xie
- Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Songyi Ning
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jianpeng Hu
- Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.
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159
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Kim HS, Suh JS, Jang YK, Ahn SH, Choi GH, Yang JY, Lim GH, Jung Y, Jiang J, Sun J, Suk M, Wang Y, Kim TJ. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Single-Cell Imaging Reveals Piezo1-Induced Ca 2+ Flux Mediates Membrane Ruffling and Cell Survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865056. [PMID: 35646889 PMCID: PMC9136143 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1 induces non-selective cation flux in response to various mechanical stresses. However, the biological interpretation and underlying mechanisms of cells resulting from Piezo1 activation remain elusive. This study elucidates Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx driven by channel activation and cellular behavior using novel Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and single-cell imaging analysis. Results reveal that extracellular Ca2+ influx via Piezo1 requires intact caveolin, cholesterol, and cytoskeletal support. Increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels enhance PKA, ERK, Rac1, and ROCK activity, which have the potential to promote cancer cell survival and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx upregulates membrane ruffling, a characteristic feature of cancer cell metastasis, using spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the function of Piezo1, suggesting that Piezo1 plays a significant role in the behavior of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwan Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Choi
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Myungeun Suk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Tae-Jin Kim,
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160
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Szymoński K, Milian-Ciesielska K, Lipiec E, Adamek D. Current Pathology Model of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2321. [PMID: 35565450 PMCID: PMC9105915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignant neoplasms, ranking in seventh place in the world in terms of the incidence of death, with overall 5-year survival rates still below 10%. The knowledge about PC pathomechanisms is rapidly expanding. Daily reports reveal new aspects of tumor biology, including its molecular and morphological heterogeneity, explain complicated "cross-talk" that happens between the cancer cells and tumor stroma, or the nature of the PC-associated neural remodeling (PANR). Staying up-to-date is hard and crucial at the same time. In this review, we are focusing on a comprehensive summary of PC aspects that are important in pathologic reporting, impact patients' outcomes, and bring meaningful information for clinicians. Finally, we show promising new trends in diagnostic technologies that might bring a difference in PC early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szymoński
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Pathomorphology, University Hospital, 30-688 Cracow, Poland;
| | | | - Ewelina Lipiec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Adamek
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland;
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161
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Feng Z, Sun R, Cong Y, Liu Z. Critical roles of G protein-coupled receptors in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:819-828. [PMID: 35732818 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a group of membrane proteins that mediate most of the physiological responses to various signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental stimulants. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and presents a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders falling under two main clinical subtypes including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is related to a genetically dysregulated mucosal immune response to environmental drivers, mainly microbiotas. Although many drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, have been approved for IBD treatment, none can cure IBD permanently. Emerging evidence indicates significant associations between GPCRs and the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we provide an overview of the essential physiological functions and signaling pathways of GPCRs and their roles in mucosal immunity and IBD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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162
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Liu S, Suhail Y, Novin A, Perpetua L, Kshitiz. Metastatic Transition of Pancreatic Ductal Cell Adenocarcinoma Is Accompanied by the Emergence of Pro-Invasive Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2197. [PMID: 35565326 PMCID: PMC9104173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are now appreciated as key regulators of cancer metastasis, particularly in cancers with high stromal content, e.g., pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma (PDAC). However, it is not yet well understood if fibroblasts are always primed to be cooperative in PDAC transition to metastasis, if they undergo transformation which ensures their cooperativity, and if such transformations are cancer-driven or intrinsic to fibroblasts. We performed a fibroblast-centric analysis of PDAC cancer, as it transitioned from the primary site to trespass stromal compartment reaching the lymph node using published single-cell RNA sequencing data by Peng et al. We have characterized the change in fibroblast response to cancer from a normal wound healing response in the initial stages to the emergence of subclasses with myofibroblast and inflammatory fibroblasts such as signatures. We have previously posited "Evolved Levels of Invasibility (ELI)", a framework describing the evolution of stromal invasability as a selected phenotype, which explains the large and correlated reduction in stromal invasion by placental trophoblasts and cancer cells in certain mammals. Within PDAC samples, we found large changes in fibroblast subclasses at succeeding stages of PDAC progression, with the emergence of specific subclasses when cancer trespasses stroma to metastasize to proximal lymph nodes (stage IIA to IIB). Surprisingly, we found that the initial metastatic transition is accompanied by downregulation of ELI-predicted pro-resistive genes, and the emergence of a subclass of fibroblasts with ELI-predicted increased invasibility. Interestingly, this trend was also observed in stellate cells. Using a larger cohort of bulk RNAseq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for PDAC cancers, we confirmed that genes describing this emergent fibroblast subclass are also correlated with lymph node metastasis of cancer cells. Experimental testing of selected genes characterizing pro-resistive and pro-invasive fibroblast clusters confirmed their contribution in regulating stromal invasability as a phenotype. Our data confirm that the complexity of stromal response to cancer is really a function of stage-wise emergence of distinct fibroblast clusters, characterized by distinct gene sets which confer initially a predominantly pro-resistive and then a pro-invasive property to the stroma. Stromal response therefore transitions from being tumor-limiting to a pro-metastatic state, facilitating stromal trespass and the onset of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (A.N.)
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (A.N.)
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ashkan Novin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Lorrie Perpetua
- Research Tissue Repository, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (S.L.); (Y.S.); (A.N.)
- Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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163
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The lactate sensor GPR81 regulates glycolysis and tumor growth of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6261. [PMID: 35428832 PMCID: PMC9012857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a malignant phenotype of cancer. Cancer cells utilize glycolysis to fuel rapid proliferation even in the presence of oxygen, and elevated glycolysis is coupled to lactate fermentation in the cancer microenvironment. Although lactate has been recognized as a metabolic waste product, it has become evident that lactate functions as not only an energy source but a signaling molecule through the lactate receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) under physiological conditions. However, the pathological role of GPR81 in cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that GPR81 regulates the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cell by reprogramming energy metabolism. We found that GPR81 is highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines but not in normal breast epithelial cells. Knockdown of GPR81 decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Mechanistically, glycolysis and lactate-dependent ATP production were impaired in GPR81-silenced breast cancer cells. RNA sequencing accompanied by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis further demonstrated a significant decrease in genes associated with cell motility and silencing of GPR81 suppressed cell migration and invasion. Notably, histological examination showed strong expression of GPR81 in clinical samples of human breast cancer. Collectively, our findings suggest that GPR81 is critical for malignancy of breast cancer and may be a potential novel therapeutic target for breast carcinoma.
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164
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Chen L, Wu H, Li Y, Feng X, Zhu S, Xie K, Wu X, Sun Z, Shu G, Wang S, Gao P, Zhu X, Zhu C, Jiang Q, Wang L. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 in the midbrain critically contributes to the hedonic feeding behavior of mice under heat stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 602:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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165
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Casazza A, Van Helleputte L, Van Renterghem B, Pokreisz P, De Geest N, De Petrini M, Janssens T, Pellens M, Diricx M, Riera-Domingo C, Wozniak A, Mazzone M, Schöffski P, Defert O, Reyns G, Kindt N. PhAc-ALGP-Dox, a Novel Anticancer Prodrug with Targeted Activation and Improved Therapeutic Index. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:568-581. [PMID: 35149549 PMCID: PMC9377749 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical use of doxorubicin (Dox) is limited by cumulative myelo- and cardiotoxicity. This research focuses on the detailed characterization of PhAc-ALGP-Dox, a targeted tetrapeptide prodrug with a unique dual-step activation mechanism, designed to circumvent Dox-related toxicities and is ready for upcoming clinical investigation. Coupling Dox to a phosphonoacetyl (PhAc)-capped tetrapeptide forms the cell-impermeable, inactive compound, PhAc-ALGP-Dox. After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAPα) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4). In vitro, PhAc-ALGP-Dox is effective in various 2D- and 3D-cancer models, while showing improved safety toward normal epithelium, hematopoietic progenitors, and cardiomyocytes. In vivo, these results translate into a 10-fold higher tolerability and 5-fold greater retention of Dox in the tumor microenvironment compared with the parental drug. PhAc-ALGP-Dox demonstrates 63% to 96% tumor growth inhibition in preclinical models, an 8-fold improvement in efficacy in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and reduced metastatic burden in a murine model of experimental lung metastasis, improving survival by 30%. The current findings highlight the potential clinical benefit of PhAc-ALGP-Dox, a targeted drug-conjugate with broad applicability, favorable tissue biodistribution, significantly improved tolerability, and tumor growth inhibition at primary and metastatic sites in numerous solid tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casazza
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Britt Van Renterghem
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Pokreisz
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie De Geest
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marzia De Petrini
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Janssens
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Pellens
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Diricx
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Wozniak
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Defert
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Reyns
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Kindt
- CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Corresponding Author: Nele Kindt, CoBioRes NV, Campus Gasthuisberg, CDG, bus 913 Herestraat 49, Leuven, Flanders B-3000, Belgium. E-mail:
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166
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Mi Z, Song Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Cao X, Dang L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Xiong H, Zhang L, Chen Y. cAMP-Induced Nuclear Condensation of CRTC2 Promotes Transcription Elongation and Cystogenesis in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104578. [PMID: 35037420 PMCID: PMC8981427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Formation of biomolecular condensates by phase separation has recently emerged as a new principle for regulating gene expression in response to extracellular signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the coupling of signal transduction and gene activation through condensate formation, and how dysregulation of these mechanisms contributes to disease progression, remain elusive. Here, the authors report that CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2) translocates to the nucleus and forms phase-separated condensates upon activation of cAMP signaling. They show that intranuclear CRTC2 interacts with positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) and activates P-TEFb by disrupting the inhibitory 7SK snRNP complex. Aberrantly elevated cAMP signaling plays central roles in the development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). They find that CRTC2 localizes to the nucleus and forms condensates in cystic epithelial cells of both mouse and human ADPKD kidneys. Genetic depletion of CRTC2 suppresses cyst growth in an orthologous ADPKD mouse model. Using integrative transcriptomic and cistromic analyses, they identify CRTC2-regulated cystogenesis-associated genes, whose activation depends on CRTC2 condensate-facilitated P-TEFb recruitment and the release of paused RNA polymerase II. Together, their findings elucidate a mechanism by which CRTC2 nuclear condensation conveys cAMP signaling to transcription elongation activation and thereby promotes cystogenesis in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyun Mi
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yandong Song
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Jiuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Lin Dang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yumei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yongzhan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of UrologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandong250001China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical EpigeneticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
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167
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The COVID-19 Cell Signalling Problem: Spike, RAGE, PKC, p38, NFκB & IL-6 Hyper-Expression and the Human Ezrin Peptide, VIP, PKA-CREB Solution. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibits interferon expression, while hyper-activating innate-immune signalling and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 proteins: Spike, M and nsp6, nsp12 and nsp13 inhibit IFR3-mediated Type-1-interferon defence, but hyper-activate intracellular signalling, which leads to dysfunctional expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα. Ezrin, a sub-membrane adaptor-protein, organises multi-protein-complexes such as ezrin+NHERF1+NHE+CFTR, which control the density and location of ACE2 receptor expression on the luminal surface of airway-epithelial-cells, as well as determining susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This protein complex is vital for lung-surfactant production for efficient gas-exchange. Ezrin also forms multi-protein-complexes that regulate signalling kinases; Ras, PKC, PI3K, and PKA. m-RAGE is a pattern-recognition-receptor of the innate immune system that is triggered by AGEs, which are chemically modified proteins common in the elderly and obese. m-RAGE forms multi-protein complexes with ezrin and TIRAP, a toll-like-receptor adaptor-protein. The main cause of COVID-19 is not viral infection but pro-inflammatory p38MAPK signalling mediated by TLRs and RAGE. In contrast, it appears that activated ezrin+PKA signalling results in the activation of transcription-factor CREB, which suppresses NFκB mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, competition between ezrin and TIRAP to form multi-protein-complexes on membrane PIP2-lipid-rafts is a macromolecular-switch that changes the priority from innate immune activation programs to adaptive immune activation programs. Human Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), and Human Ezrin Peptides (HEP-1 and RepG3) probably inhibit COVID-19 by activating the ezrin+PKA and ras>Raf>MEK>ERK>RSK>CREB>IL-10 signalling, which favours activation of adaptive immunity programs and inhibition of the dysfunctional innate-inflammation, the cause of COVID-19. HEP-1, RepG3, and VIP in individual human volunteers and in small clinical studies have been shown to be effective COVID-19 therapies, and seem to have a closely related mechanism of action.
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168
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Zhang J, Liu J, Zhang H, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. The role of network-forming collagens in cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:833-842. [PMID: 35322886 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagens are the main components of extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Both fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagens are involved in tumor progression. The nonfibrillar network-forming collagens such as type IV and type VIII collagens are frequently overexpressed in various types of human cancers, which promotes tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Studies on the roles of these collagens have shed light on the mechanisms underpinning the effects of this protein family. Future research has to explicit the role of network-forming collagens with respect to cancer progression and treatment. Herein, we review the regulation of network-forming collagens expression in cancer; the roles of network-forming collagens in tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis; and the clinical significance of network-forming collagens expression in cancer patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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169
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Del Giudice S, De Luca V, Parizadeh S, Russo D, Luini A, Di Martino R. Endogenous and Exogenous Regulatory Signaling in the Secretory Pathway: Role of Golgi Signaling Molecules in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833663. [PMID: 35399533 PMCID: PMC8984190 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic transport route that constitutes the secretory pathway plays a fundamental role in the cell, providing to the synthesis and transport of around one third of human proteins and most lipids. Signaling molecules within autoregulatory circuits on the intracellular membranes of the secretory pathway regulate these processes, especially at the level of the Golgi complex. Indeed, cancer cells can hijack several of these signaling molecules, and therefore also the underlying regulated processes, to bolster their growth or gain more aggressive phenotypes. Here, we review the most important autoregulatory circuits acting on the Golgi, emphasizing the role of specific signaling molecules in cancer. In fact, we propose to draw awareness to highlight the Golgi-localized regulatory systems as potential targets in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Luini
- *Correspondence: Alberto Luini, ; Rosaria Di Martino,
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170
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Kaushik I, Srivastava SK. GABA A receptor agonist suppresses pediatric medulloblastoma progression by inhibiting PKA-Gli1 signaling axis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2584-2602. [PMID: 35331907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog-activated subgroup of medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors. Recent clinical studies and genomic databases indicate that GABAA receptor holds significant clinical relevance as a therapeutic target for pediatric MB. Herein, we report that "moxidectin," a GABAA receptor agonist, inhibits the proliferation of Daoy, UW426, UW228, ONS76, and PFSK1 SHH-MB cells by inducing apoptosis. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that moxidectin significantly induced GABAA receptor expression and inhibited cyclic AMP (cAMP)-mediated protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-Gli1 signaling in SHH-MB. Gli1 and the downstream effector cancer stem cell (CSC) molecules such as Pax6, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog were also inhibited by moxidectin treatment. Interestingly, moxidectin also inhibited the expression of MDR1. Mechanistic studies using pharmacological or genetic inhibitors/activators of PKA and Gli1 confirmed that the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of moxidectin were mediated through inhibition of PKA-Gli1 signaling. Oral administration of 2.5 mg/kg moxidectin suppressed the growth of SHH-MB tumors by 55%-80% in subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models in mice. Ex vivo analysis of excised tumors confirmed the observations made in the in vitro studies. Moxidectin is an FDA-approved drug with an established safety record, therefore any positive findings from our studies will prompt its further clinical investigation for the treatment of MB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Kaushik
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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171
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Kocik RA, Gasch AP. Breadth and Specificity in Pleiotropic Protein Kinase A Activity and Environmental Responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803392. [PMID: 35252178 PMCID: PMC8888911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase A (PKA) is an essential kinase that is conserved across eukaryotes and plays fundamental roles in a wide range of organismal processes, including growth control, learning and memory, cardiovascular health, and development. PKA mediates these responses through the direct phosphorylation of hundreds of proteins-however, which proteins are phosphorylated can vary widely across cell types and environmental cues, even within the same organism. A major question is how cells enact specificity and precision in PKA activity to mount the proper response, especially during environmental changes in which only a subset of PKA-controlled processes must respond. Research over the years has uncovered multiple strategies that cells use to modulate PKA activity and specificity. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of PKA signaling control including subcellular targeting, phase separation, feedback control, and standing waves of allosteric regulation. We discuss how the complex inputs and outputs to the PKA network simultaneously pose challenges and solutions in signaling integration and insulation. PKA serves as a model for how the same regulatory factors can serve broad pleiotropic functions but maintain specificity in localized control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Kocik
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Audrey P Gasch
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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172
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Kurisu R, Takamoto M, Minami K, Ueda N, Yamada M, Shima N, Otani T, Sakai Y, Kondo D, Tsujiuchi T. Effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling via LPA receptors on cellular functions associated with ATP reduction in osteosarcoma cells treated with ethidium bromide. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2022; 54:109-117. [PMID: 35260987 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-022-09933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling via LPA receptors (LPA1 to LPA6) exhibits a variety of malignant properties in cancer cells. Intracellular ATP depletion leads to the development of necrosis and apoptosis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of LPA receptor-mediated signaling on the regulation of cancer cell functions associated with ATP reduction. Long-term ethidium bromide (EtBr) treated (MG63-EtBr) cells were established from osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. The intracellular ATP levels of MG63-EtBr cells were significantly lower than that of MG-63 cells. LPAR2, LPAR3, LPAR4 and LPAR6 gene expressions were elevated in MG63-EtBr cells. The cell motile and invasive activities of MG63-EtBr cells were markedly higher than those of MG-63 cells. The cell motile activity of MG-63 cells was increased by LPA4 and LPA6 knockdowns. In cell survival assay, cells were treated with cisplatin (CDDP) every 24 h for 3 days. The cell survival to CDDP of MG63-EtBr cells was lower than that of MG-63 cells. LPA2 knockdown decreased the cell survival to CDDP of MG-63 cells. The cell survival to CDDP of MG-63 cells was inhibited by (2 S)-OMPT (LPA3 agonist). Moreover, the cell survival to CDDP of MG-63 cells was enhanced by LPA4 and LPA6 knockdowns. These results indicate that LPA signaling via LPA receptors is involved in the regulation of cellular functions associated with ATP reduction in MG-63 cells treated with EtBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Kurisu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyu Takamoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Minami
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanami Ueda
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marina Yamada
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanami Shima
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Otani
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuma Sakai
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, 577-8502, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.
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Cai HY, Yang HS, Shan SC, Lei YY, Zou JY, Zhu Y, Luo HH. A novel signature based on immune-related gene pairs and clinical features to predict prognosis and treatment effect in "driver gene negative" lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2259-2270. [PMID: 35246970 PMCID: PMC9160806 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examining the role of immune-related genes (IRGs) in "driver gene negative" lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) may provide new ideas for the treatment and study for this LUAD subgroup. We aimed to find the hub immune-related gene pairs can stratify the risk of "driver-gene-negative" LUAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRGs were identified according to ImmPort database based on RNA sequencing results of tumors and normal tissues from 46 patients with "driver gene negative" LUAD at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and cyclically singly paired as immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs). Multivariate Cox analysis was used to construct an immune risk model and a prognostic nomogram combining was also been developed. Immune microenvironment landscape described by CIBERSORT and drug sensitivity calculated by pRRophetic algorithm were used to explore possible treatment improvements. RESULTS A novel immune risk model with 5-IRGPs (CD1A|CXCL135, CD1A|S100A7L2, IFNA7|CMTM2, IFNA7|CSF3, CAMP|TFR2) can accurately distinguish patients in the high- and low-risk groups. Risk score act as an independent prognostic factor and is related to clinical stage. There are significant differences in tumor immune microenvironment and PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 expression between groups. The low-risk patient may benefit more from the commonly used chemotherapy regimens such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. CONCLUSION This study constructed 5-IRGPs as a reliable prognostic tool and may represent genes pairs that are potential rationale for choice of treatment for "driver gene negative" LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yuan Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Shuai Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Chao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-He Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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174
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Kawabata H, Ono Y, Tamamura N, Oyama K, Ueda J, Sato H, Takahashi K, Taniue K, Okada T, Fujibayashi S, Hayashi A, Goto T, Enomoto K, Konishi H, Fujiya M, Miyakawa K, Tanino M, Nishikawa Y, Koga D, Watanabe T, Maeda C, Karasaki H, Liss AS, Mizukami Y, Okumura T. Mutant GNAS limits tumor aggressiveness in established pancreatic cancer via antagonizing the KRAS-pathway. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:208-220. [PMID: 35018527 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in GNAS drive pancreatic tumorigenesis and frequently occur in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); however, their value as a therapeutic target is yet to be determined. This study aimed at evaluating the involvement of mutant GNAS in tumor aggressiveness in established pancreatic cancer. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GNAS R201H silencing was performed using human primary IPMN-associated pancreatic cancer cells. The role of oncogenic GNAS in tumor maintenance was evaluated by conducting cell culture and xenograft experiments, and western blotting and transcriptome analyses were performed to uncover GNAS-driven signatures. RESULTS Xenografts of GNAS wild-type cells were characterized by a higher Ki-67 labeling index relative to GNAS-mutant cells. Phenotypic alterations in the GNAS wild-type tumors resulted in a significant reduction in mucin production accompanied by solid with massive stromal components. Transcriptional profiling suggested an apparent conflict of mutant GNAS with KRAS signaling. A significantly higher Notch intercellular domain (NICD) was observed in the nuclear fraction of GNAS wild-type cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) induced NICD in GNAS-mutant IPMN cells, suggesting that NOTCH signaling is negatively regulated by the GNAS-PKA pathway. GNAS wild-type cells were characterized by a significant invasive property relative to GNAS-mutant cells, which was mediated through the NOTCH regulatory pathway. CONCLUSIONS Oncogenic GNAS induces mucin production, not only via MUC2 but also via MUC5AC/B, which may enlarge cystic lesions in the pancreas. The mutation may also limit tumor aggressiveness by attenuating NOTCH signaling; therefore, such tumor-suppressing effects must be considered when therapeutically inhibiting the GNAS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Kawabata
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Nobue Tamamura
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Ueda
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzui Taniue
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Okada
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Syugo Fujibayashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Goto
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuro Enomoto
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Miyakawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Chiho Maeda
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Karasaki
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan.
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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175
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Harnessing RKIP to Combat Heart Disease and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040867. [PMID: 35205615 PMCID: PMC8870036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and heart disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases have common risk factors, common molecular signaling pathways that are central to their pathogenesis, and even some disease phenotypes that are interdependent. Thus, a detailed understanding of common regulators is critical for the development of new and synergistic therapeutic strategies. The Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is a regulator of the cellular kinome that functions to maintain cellular robustness and prevent the progression of diseases including heart disease and cancer. Two of the key signaling pathways controlled by RKIP are the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling to protein kinase A (PKA), particularly in the heart, and the MAP kinase cascade Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 that regulates multiple diseases. The goal of this review is to discuss how we can leverage RKIP to suppress cancer without incurring deleterious effects on the heart. Specifically, we discuss: (1) How RKIP functions to either suppress or activate βAR (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling; (2) How we can prevent cancer-promoting kinase signaling while at the same time avoiding cardiotoxicity.
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176
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Targeting GPCRs and Their Signaling as a Therapeutic Option in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030706. [PMID: 35158973 PMCID: PMC8833576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sixteen G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been involved in melanogenesis or melanomagenesis. Here, we review these GPCRs, their associated signaling, and therapies. Abstract G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serve prominent roles in melanocyte lineage physiology, with an impact at all stages of development, as well as on mature melanocyte functions. GPCR ligands are present in the skin and regulate melanocyte homeostasis, including pigmentation. The role of GPCRs in the regulation of pigmentation and, consequently, protection against external aggression, such as ultraviolet radiation, has long been established. However, evidence of new functions of GPCRs directly in melanomagenesis has been highlighted in recent years. GPCRs are coupled, through their intracellular domains, to heterotrimeric G-proteins, which induce cellular signaling through various pathways. Such signaling modulates numerous essential cellular processes that occur during melanomagenesis, including proliferation and migration. GPCR-associated signaling in melanoma can be activated by the binding of paracrine factors to their receptors or directly by activating mutations. In this review, we present melanoma-associated alterations of GPCRs and their downstream signaling and discuss the various preclinical models used to evaluate new therapeutic approaches against GPCR activity in melanoma. Recent striking advances in our understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of GPCRs will undoubtedly broaden melanoma treatment options in the future.
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177
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London E, Stratakis CA. The regulation of PKA signaling in obesity and in the maintenance of metabolic health. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108113. [PMID: 35051439 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) system represents a primary cell-signaling pathway throughout systems and across species. PKA facilitates the actions of hormones, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules that bind G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to modulate cAMP levels. Through its control of synaptic events, exocytosis, transcriptional regulation, and more, PKA signaling regulates cellular metabolism and emotional and stress responses making it integral in the maintenance and dysregulation of energy homeostasis. Neural PKA signaling is regulated by afferent and peripheral efferent signals that link specific neural cell populations to the regulation of metabolic processes in adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, adrenal, skeletal muscle, and gut. Mouse models have provided invaluable information on the roles for PKA subunits in brain and key metabolic organs. While limited, human studies infer differential regulation of the PKA system in obese compared to lean individuals. Variants identified in PKA subunit genes cause Cushing syndrome that is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with endogenous glucocorticoid excess. Under healthy physiologic conditions, the PKA system is exquisitely regulated by stimuli that activate GPCRs to alter intracellular cAMP concentrations, and by PKA cellular localization and holoenzyme stability. Adenylate cyclase activity generates cAMP while phosphodiesterase-mediated cAMP degradation to AMP decreases cAMP levels downstream of GPCRs. Chronic perturbations in PKA signaling appear to be capable of resetting PKA regulation at several levels; in addition, sex differences in PKA signaling regulation, while not well understood, impact the physiologic consequences of metabolic dysregulation and obesity. This review explores the roles for PKA signaling in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbidities through neural-peripheral crosstalk and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway targets that hold therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edra London
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA; Human Genetics & Precision Medicine, IMBB, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Greece; Research Institute, ELPEN, SA, Athens, Greece
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178
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Ramirez MF, Cata JP. Anesthesia Techniques and Long-Term Oncological Outcomes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788918. [PMID: 34956903 PMCID: PMC8692375 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatments, surgery remains one of the most important therapies for solid tumors. Unfortunately, surgery promotes angiogenesis, shedding of cancer cells into the circulation and suppresses anti-tumor immunity. Together this increases the risk of tumor metastasis, accelerated growth of pre-existing micro-metastasis and cancer recurrence. It was theorized that regional anesthesia could influence long-term outcomes after cancer surgery, however new clinical evidence demonstrates that the anesthesia technique has little influence in oncologic outcomes. Several randomized controlled trials are in progress and may provide a better understanding on how volatile and intravenous hypnotics impact cancer progression. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of the anesthesia techniques on the immune system and tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as to summarize the clinical evidence of anesthesia techniques on cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ramirez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Juan P Cata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Anesthesiology and Surgical Oncology Research Group, Houston, TX, United States
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179
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Sun L, Lv S, Song T. O-GlcNAcylation links oncogenic signals and cancer epigenetics. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 35201498 PMCID: PMC8777512 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalent dysregulation of epigenetic modifications plays a pivotal role in cancer. Targeting epigenetic abnormality is a new strategy for cancer therapy. Understanding how conventional oncogenic factors cause epigenetic abnormality is of great basic and translational value. O-GlcNAcylation is a protein modification which affects physiology and pathophysiology. In mammals, O-GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by one single enzyme OGT and removed by one single enzyme OGA. O-GlcNAcylation is affected by the availability of the donor, UDP-GlcNAc, generated by the serial enzymatic reactions in the hexoamine biogenesis pathway (HBP). O-GlcNAcylation regulates a wide spectrum of substrates including many proteins involved in epigenetic modification. Like epigenetic modifications, abnormality of O-GlcNAcylation is also common in cancer. Studies have revealed substantial impact on HBP enzymes and OGT/OGA by oncogenic signals. In this review, we will first summarize how oncogenic signals regulate HBP enzymes, OGT and OGA in cancer. We will then integrate this knowledge with the up to date understanding how O-GlcNAcylation regulates epigenetic machinery. With this, we propose a signal axis from oncogenic signals through O-GlcNAcylation dysregulation to epigenetic abnormality in cancer. Further elucidation of this axis will not only advance our understanding of cancer biology but also provide new revenues towards cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Suli Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tanjing Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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180
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Mok K, Tsoi H, Man EPS, Leung M, Chau KM, Wong L, Chan W, Chan S, Luk M, Chan JY, Leung JK, Chan YH, Batalha S, Lau V, Siu DC, Lee TK, Gong C, Khoo U. Repurposing hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels as a novel therapy for breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e578. [PMID: 34841695 PMCID: PMC8567035 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are members of the voltage-gated cation channel family known to be expressed in the heart and central nervous system. Ivabradine, a small molecule HCN channel-blocker, is FDA-approved for clinical use as a heart rate-reducing agent. We found that HCN2 and HCN3 are overexpressed in breast cancer cells compared with normal breast epithelia, and the high expression of HCN2 and HCN3 is associated with poorer survival in breast cancer patients. Inhibition of HCN by Ivabradine or by RNAi, aborted breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumour growth in patient-derived tumour xenograft models established from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues, with no evident side-effects on the mice. Transcriptome-wide analysis showed enrichment for cholesterol metabolism and biosynthesis as well as lipid metabolism pathways associated with ER-stress following Ivabradine treatment. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HCN inhibition leads to ER-stress, in part due to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, which subsequently triggered the apoptosis cascade. More importantly, we investigated the synergistic effect of Ivabradine and paclitaxel on TNBC and confirmed that both drugs acted synergistically in vitro through ER-stress to amplify signals for caspase activation. Combination therapy could suppress tumour growth of xenografts at much lower doses for both drugs. In summary, our study identified a new molecular target with potential for being developed into targeted therapy, providing scientific grounds for initiating clinical trials for a new treatment regimen of combining HCN inhibition with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka‐Chun Mok
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ho Tsoi
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ellen PS Man
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Man‐Hong Leung
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ka Man Chau
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Lai‐San Wong
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Wing‐Lok Chan
- Department of Clinical OncologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Sum‐Yin Chan
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Mai‐Yee Luk
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Jessie Y.W. Chan
- Department of SurgeryPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Jackie K.M. Leung
- Department of SurgeryPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | | | - Sellma Batalha
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Virginia Lau
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - David C.W. Siu
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Terence K.W. Lee
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
| | - Chun Gong
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ui‐Soon Khoo
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
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Yu W, Zhang X, Zhang W, Xiong M, Lin Y, Chang M, Xu L, Lu Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. 19-Hydroxybufalin inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Hematol Oncol 2021; 10:48. [PMID: 34696818 PMCID: PMC8543904 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-021-00243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bufadienolides derived from the skin of toads are often regarded as the main active components with antitumor effects. 19-Hydroxybufalin (19-HB) is a monomer of bufadienolides; however, its effects and underlying molecular mechanisms on tumor growth remain to be ascertained. In this report, we focused on the antitumor effects of 19-HB on non-small cell lung cancer to provide a scientific basis for its further development and utilization. Methods The antitumor effects of 19-HB on the human NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and NCI-H838 were examined in vitro. The cells were treated with different concentrations of 19-HB, and the inhibition of cell growth was measured by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Furthermore, cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, JC-1 staining, and western blotting. The effects on migration and invasion were evaluated by wound-healing assay, transwell assay, and western blotting. Finally, the antitumor effects of 19-HB were evaluated in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. Results 19-HB-treated NSCLC cells showed inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved-PARP, and Bax/Bcl-2 were upregulated, while the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. In contrast, migration, invasion, as well as the expression of MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related proteins N-cadherin and Vimentin, and the transcription factors Snail and Slug were inhibited. Furthermore, the expression levels of the key molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (CyclinD1, c-Myc, and β-catenin) were decreased. In vivo, the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice was also significantly inhibited by 19-HB, and there were no significant changes in biochemical indicators of hepatic and renal function. Conclusions 19-HB inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In addition, 19-HB inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice with little toxicity to the liver and kidney. Thus, 19-HB may be a potential antitumor agent for treating NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40164-021-00243-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment With Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Minggang Xiong
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhan Lin
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Chang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment With Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yi Lu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Guizhou Provincial College-Based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment With Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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182
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Tarvainen I, Nunn RC, Tuominen RK, Jäntti MH, Talman V. Protein kinase A Mediated Effects of Protein kinase C Partial Agonist HMI-1a3 in Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 380:54-62. [PMID: 34697230 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly occurring cancer in men and the second in women. The global burden of colorectal cancer is projected to increase to over 2 million new cases with over 1 million deaths within the next 10 years and there is a great need for new compounds with novel mechanisms of action. Our group has developed PKC modulating isophthalic acid derivatives that induce cytotoxicity towards human cervical and prostate cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the effects of 5-(hydroxymethyl)isophthalate 1a3 (HMI-1a3) on colorectal cancer cell lines (Caco2, Colo205 and HT29). HMI-1a3 inhibited cell proliferation, decreased cell viability and induced an apoptotic response in all studied cell lines. These effects, however, were independent of PKC. Using serine/threonine kinome profiling and pharmacological kinase inhibitors we identified activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway as a new mechanism-of-action for HMI-1a3-induced anti-cancer activity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Our current results strengthen the hypothesis for HMI-1a3 as a potential anti-cancer agent against various malignancies. Significance Statement Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common solid organ malignancy. Here, we demonstrate that the protein kinase C (PKC) C1 domain-targeted isophthalatic acid derivative HMI-1a3 has anti-cancer activity on CRC cell lines independently of PKC. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) activation as a mechanism of HMI-1a3 induced anti-cancer effects. Our results reveal a new anti-cancer mechanism of action for the partial PKC agonist HMI-1a3 and thus provide new insights for the development of PKC and PKA modulators for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Virpi Talman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
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183
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Dillard C, Borde C, Mohammad A, Puchois V, Jourdren L, Larsen AK, Sabbah M, Maréchal V, Escargueil AE, Pramil E. Expression Pattern of Purinergic Signaling Components in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Differential Cellular Outcomes Induced by Extracellular ATP and Adenosine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111472. [PMID: 34768902 PMCID: PMC8583864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known for its fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics. However, in the last decades, different works have described emerging functions for ATP, such as that of a danger signaling molecule acting in the extracellular space on both tumor and stromal compartments. Beside its role in immune cell signaling, several studies have shown that high concentrations of extracellular ATP can directly or indirectly act on cancer cells. Accordingly, it has been reported that purinergic receptors are widely expressed in tumor cells. However, their expression pattern is often associated with contradictory cellular outcomes. In this work, we first investigated gene expression profiles through "RNA-Sequencing" (RNA Seq) technology in four colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HT29, LS513, LS174T, HCT116). Our results demonstrate that CRC cells mostly express the A2B, P2X4, P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y11 purinergic receptors. Among these, the P2Y1 and P2Y2 coding genes are markedly overexpressed in all CRC cells compared to the HCEC-1CT normal-like colonic cells. We then explored the cellular outcomes induced by extracellular ATP and adenosine. Our results show that in terms of cell death induction extracellular ATP is consistently more active than adenosine against CRC, while neither compound affected normal-like colonic cell survival. Intriguingly, while for the P2Y2 receptor pharmacological inhibition completely abolished the rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ observed after ATP exposure in all CRC cell lines, Ca2+ mobilization only impacted the cellular outcome for HT29. In contrast, non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibition completely abolished the effects of extracellular ATP on CRC cells, suggesting that cAMP and/or cGMP levels might determine cellular outcome. Altogether, our study provides novel insights into the characterization of purinergic signaling in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Dillard
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Chloé Borde
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Ammara Mohammad
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France; (A.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Virginie Puchois
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Alliance for Research in Cancerology—APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005 Paris, France; (A.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Annette K. Larsen
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincent Maréchal
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Alexandre E. Escargueil
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-49-28-46-44
| | - Elodie Pramil
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U938, F-75012 Paris, France; (C.D.); (C.B.); (V.P.); (A.K.L.); (M.S.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Alliance for Research in Cancerology—APREC, Tenon Hospital, F-75020 Paris, France
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184
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Sorrin AJ, Liu C, Cicalo J, Reader J, Najafali D, Zhang Y, Roque DM, Huang HC. Photodynamic Priming Improves the Anti-Migratory Activity of Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Antagonist in Cancer Cells In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5259. [PMID: 34771424 PMCID: PMC8582354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of photodynamic agents and biological inhibitors is rapidly gaining attention for its promise and approval in treating advanced cancer. The activity of photodynamic treatment is mainly governed by the formation of reactive oxygen species upon light activation of photosensitizers. Exposure to reactive oxygen species above a threshold dose can induce cellular damage and cancer cell death, while the surviving cancer cells are "photodynamically primed", or sensitized, to respond better to other drugs and biological treatments. Here, we report a new combination regimen of photodynamic priming (PDP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) inhibition that reduces the migration and invasion of two human ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-5 and CAOV3) in vitro. PDP is achieved by red light activation of the FDA-approved photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), or a chemical conjugate composed of the BPD linked to cetuximab, an anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody. Immunoblotting data identify co-inhibition of EGFR, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as key in the signaling cascades modulated by the combination of EGFR-targeted PDP and EP4 inhibition. This study provides valuable insights into the development of a molecular-targeted photochemical strategy to improve the anti-metastatic effects of EP4 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Cindy Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Julia Cicalo
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Jocelyn Reader
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.R.); (D.M.R.)
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Daniel Najafali
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
| | - Yuji Zhang
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (J.R.); (D.M.R.)
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.L.); (J.C.); (D.N.)
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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185
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Gardi N, Ketkar M, McKinnon RA, Pandol SJ, Dutt S, Barreto SG. Down-regulation of metabolic pathways could offset the poor prognosis conferred by co-existent diabetes mellitus in pancreatic (head) adenocarcinoma. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:2466-2474. [PMID: 34514690 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have poor overall survival. Underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. This presents an opportunity for precision-oncology for which we systematically analysed publicly-available PDAC transcriptome data. METHODS PDAC TCGA RNASeq data were used. Analyses were restricted to only 'high purity' and 'head' as anatomical site. Patients were characterised by: (1) Gene expression classification, and (2) Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify co-expression patterns of genes. Newly identified gene signature subclasses of pancreatic head PDAC were associated with clinical and functional characteristics of patients. RESULTS Consensus clustering identified two patient subclasses within PDAC involving pancreatic head. WGCNA identified 11 distinct networks of gene expression patterns across two sub-classes. Class 1 patients demonstrated a significant upregulation of Module 5 and Module 6 gene expression compared to Class 2. Class 1 predominantly expressed the acinar, ductal and islet cell gene signatures. There were significantly less patients with DM in Class 1 subclass compared to Class 2 (p < 0.037). Patients with DM had significant downregulation of pathways involved in cellular metabolism, hormone secretion and paucity of islet cell markers with no reduced survival compared with non-diabetics. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of patients with PDAC of pancreatic head and DM exhibit downregulation of pathways involved in cellular metabolism, hormone secretion and signalling accompanied by a paucity of islet expression. Investigating the relationship between DM and gene expression profiles in patients with PDAC presents opportunities to improve overall survival in diabetics with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhura Ketkar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Savio G Barreto
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Division of Surgery and Perioperative Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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186
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Wu J, Gan Y, Luo H, Xu N, Chen L, Li M, Guan F, Su Z, Lin Z, Xie J, Liu Y. β-Patchoulene Ameliorates Water Transport and the Mucus Barrier in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis Rats via the cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689491. [PMID: 34512326 PMCID: PMC8424048 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis (IM) is the main side effect observed in patients who receive cancer chemotherapy. The characteristics of ulceration, vomiting, and severe diarrhea cause patients to delay or abandon further treatment, thereby aggravating their progress. Hence, IM cannot be overlooked. β-patchoulene (β-PAE) is an active ingredient isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Labiatae) and has shown a marked protective effect against gastrointestinal diseases in previous studies. However, whether β-PAE plays a positive role in IM is still unknown. Herein, we explore the effects and the underlying mechanism of β-PAE against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced IM in IEC-6 cells and rats. β-PAE significantly recovered cell viability, upregulated the IM-induced rat body weight and food intake and improved the pathological diarrhea symptoms. Aquaporin is critical for regulating water fluid homeostasis, and its abnormal expression was associated with pathological diarrhea in IM. β-PAE displayed an outstanding effect in inhibiting aquaporin 3 (AQP3) via the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Besides, inflammation-induced mucus barrier injury deteriorated water transport and aggravated diarrhea in IM-induced rats. β-PAE’s effect on suppressing inflammation and recovering the mucus barrier strengthened its regulation of water transport and thus alleviated diarrhea in IM-induced rats. In sum, β-PAE improved IM in rats mainly by improving water transport and the mucus barrier, and these effects were correlated with its function on inhibiting the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Gan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengkun Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Research, Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Research, Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
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187
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Ragone A, Salzillo A, Spina A, Zappavigna S, Caraglia M, Sapio L, Naviglio S. Protein Kinase A Detection in Human Urine Samples. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4096. [PMID: 34575203 PMCID: PMC8464865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively involved in tumor maintenance, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in cancer. Recently, an active PKA form has been identified in human sera and PKA autoantibodies have been detected in cancer patients. However, their serum functions, as well as diagnostic significance, remain largely unknown. Although several PKA detection assays have been developed, none refer to a laboratory diagnostic procedure. Among these, ELISA and Western blotting (WB) assays have been employed in PKA detection. Since, to the best of our knowledge, there are no data showing its presence in human urine samples, herein, we explore the possibility of PKA's existence in this biological specimen. Interestingly, among the 30 screened urines by quantitative sandwich ELISA, we recognized detectable PKA levels in 5 different samples, and of those two exhibited a considerable high concentration. To corroborate these results, we also evaluated PKA's presence in both positive and negative ELISA urines by WB. Remarkably, immunoblotting analysis confirmed PKA's existence in certain, but not in all, human urine specimens. Despite being quite preliminary, these findings firstly identify PKA in urine samples and provide evidence for its potential clinic usage as a diagnostic analyte in laboratory medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (M.C.); (S.N.)
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188
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Mao H, Yang Y, Chen L, Li L. 15-PGDH: a potential target for the treatment of muscle atrophy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1254-1256. [PMID: 34195793 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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189
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Hua H, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang J, Liu J, Jiang Y. Targeting Akt in cancer for precision therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 34419139 PMCID: PMC8379749 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers-guided precision therapeutics has revolutionized the clinical development and administration of molecular-targeted anticancer agents. Tailored precision cancer therapy exhibits better response rate compared to unselective treatment. Protein kinases have critical roles in cell signaling, metabolism, proliferation, survival and migration. Aberrant activation of protein kinases is critical for tumor growth and progression. Hence, protein kinases are key targets for molecular targeted cancer therapy. The serine/threonine kinase Akt is frequently activated in various types of cancer. Activation of Akt promotes tumor progression and drug resistance. Since the first Akt inhibitor was reported in 2000, many Akt inhibitors have been developed and evaluated in either early or late stage of clinical trials, which take advantage of liquid biopsy and genomic or molecular profiling to realize personalized cancer therapy. Two inhibitors, capivasertib and ipatasertib, are being tested in phase III clinical trials for cancer therapy. Here, we highlight recent progress of Akt signaling pathway, review the up-to-date data from clinical studies of Akt inhibitors and discuss the potential biomarkers that may help personalized treatment of cancer with Akt inhibitors. In addition, we also discuss how Akt may confer the vulnerability of cancer cells to some kinds of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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190
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cAMP Compartmentalization in Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells: New Therapeutic Opportunities in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081951. [PMID: 34440720 PMCID: PMC8392343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular hypothesis used to explain the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suggests that a dysfunction of the cerebral microvasculature could be the beginning of alterations that ultimately leads to neuronal damage, and an abnormal increase of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a prominent role in this process. It is generally accepted that, in physiological conditions, cyclic AMP (cAMP) plays a key role in maintaining BBB permeability by regulating the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature. It is also known that intracellular cAMP signaling is highly compartmentalized into small nanodomains and localized cAMP changes are sufficient at modifying the permeability of the endothelial barrier. This spatial and temporal distribution is maintained by the enzymes involved in cAMP synthesis and degradation, by the location of its effectors, and by the existence of anchor proteins, as well as by buffers or different cytoplasm viscosities and intracellular structures limiting its diffusion. This review compiles current knowledge on the influence of cAMP compartmentalization on the endothelial barrier and, more specifically, on the BBB, laying the foundation for a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of AD.
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191
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Kalinkovich A, Livshits G. Biased and allosteric modulation of bone cell-expressing G protein-coupled receptors as a novel approach to osteoporosis therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105794. [PMID: 34329703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the cellular level, osteoporosis (OP) is a result of imbalanced bone remodeling, in which osteoclastic bone resorption outcompetes osteoblastic bone formation. Currently available OP medications include both antiresorptive and bone-forming drugs. However, their long-term use in OP patients, mainly in postmenopausal women, is accompanied by severe side effects. Notably, the fundamental coupling between bone resorption and formation processes underlies the existence of an undesirable secondary outcome that bone anabolic or anti-resorptive drugs also reduce bone formation. This drawback requires the development of anti-OP drugs capable of selectively stimulating osteoblastogenesis and concomitantly reducing osteoclastogenesis. We propose that the application of small synthetic biased and allosteric modulators of bone cell receptors, which belong to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) family, could be the key to resolving the undesired anti-OP drug selectivity. This approach is based on the capacity of these GPCR modulators, unlike the natural ligands, to trigger signaling pathways that promote beneficial effects on bone remodeling while blocking potentially deleterious effects. Under the settings of OP, an optimal anti-OP drug should provide fine-tuned regulation of downstream effects, for example, intermittent cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation, preservation of Ca2+ balance, stimulation of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and estrogen production, suppression of sclerostin secretion, and/or preserved/enhanced canonical β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. As such, selective modulation of GPCRs involved in bone remodeling presents a promising approach in OP treatment. This review focuses on the evidence for the validity of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel; Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel.
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192
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Sabnis RW. Novel Dihydrooxadiazinones as PDE3 Inhibitors for Treating Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1069-1070. [PMID: 34267873 PMCID: PMC8274075 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell
LLP, 1230 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 3100, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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193
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Klicka K, Grzywa TM, Klinke A, Mielniczuk A, Włodarski PK. The Role of miRNAs in the Regulation of Endometrial Cancer Invasiveness and Metastasis-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3393. [PMID: 34298609 PMCID: PMC8304659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common genital cancer in women with increasing death rates. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression on the post-transcriptional levels. Multiple studies demonstrated a fundamental role of miRNAs in the regulation of carcinogenesis. This systematic review is a comprehensive overview of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis in EC. The literature was searched for studies investigating the role of miRNAs in the regulation of invasiveness and metastasis in EC. We explored PubMed, Embase, and Scopus using the following keywords: miRNA, metastasis, invasiveness, endometrial cancer. Data were collected from 163 articles that described the expression and role of 106 miRNAs in the regulation of EC invasiveness and metastasis out of which 63 were tumor suppressor miRNAs, and 38 were oncomiRNAs. Five miRNAs had a discordant role in different studies. Moreover, we identified 66 miRNAs whose expression in tumor tissue or concentration in serum correlated with at least one clinical parameter. These findings suggest a crucial role of miRNAs in the regulation of EC invasiveness and metastasis and present them as potential prognostic factors for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Klinke
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Mielniczuk
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Paweł K. Włodarski
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (T.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.)
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194
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Cyclic AMP Signaling in Biliary Proliferation: A Possible Target for Cholangiocarcinoma Treatment? Cells 2021; 10:cells10071692. [PMID: 34359861 PMCID: PMC8303798 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a lethal disease with scarce response to current systemic therapy. The rare occurrence and large heterogeneity of this cancer, together with poor knowledge of its molecular mechanisms, are elements contributing to the difficulties in finding an appropriate cure. Cholangiocytes (and their cellular precursors) are considered the liver component giving rise to cholangiocarcinoma. These cells respond to several hormones, neuropeptides and molecular stimuli employing the cAMP/PKA system for the translation of messages in the intracellular space. For instance, in physiological conditions, stimulation of the secretin receptor determines an increase of intracellular levels of cAMP, thus activating a series of molecular events, finally determining in bicarbonate-enriched choleresis. However, activation of the same receptor during cholangiocytes’ injury promotes cellular growth again, using cAMP as the second messenger. Since several scientific pieces of evidence link cAMP signaling system to cholangiocytes’ proliferation, the possible changes of this pathway during cancer growth also seem relevant. In this review, we summarize the current findings regarding the cAMP pathway and its role in biliary normal and neoplastic cell proliferation. Perspectives for targeting the cAMP machinery in cholangiocarcinoma therapy are also discussed.
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195
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Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Carcinoma Versus Conventional Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical-Pathological Features, Outcomes, and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136756. [PMID: 34201897 PMCID: PMC8268881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are common and one of the main precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC derived from an IPMN is called intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) and defines a subgroup of patients with ill-defined specificities. As compared to conventional PDAC, IPMCs have been associated to clinical particularities and favorable pathological features, as well as debated outcomes. However, IPMNs and IPMCs include distinct subtypes of precursor (gastric, pancreato-biliary, intestinal) and invasive (tubular, colloid) lesions, also associated to specific characteristics. Notably, consistent data have shown intestinal IPMNs and associated colloid carcinomas, defining the “intestinal pathway”, to be associated with less aggressive features. Genomic specificities have also been uncovered, such as mutations of the GNAS gene, and recent data provide more insights into the mechanisms involved in IPMCs carcinogenesis. This review synthetizes available data on clinical-pathological features and outcomes associated with IPMCs and their subtypes. We also describe known genomic hallmarks of these lesions and summarize the latest data about molecular processes involved in IPMNs initiation and progression to IPMCs. Finally, potential implications for clinical practice and future research strategies are discussed.
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196
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Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Exhibits Antagonistic Effects on the Replication Efficiency of Different Human Papillomavirus Types. J Virol 2021; 95:e0025121. [PMID: 33853963 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00251-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of widespread human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may induce the transformation of infected cells, provoking the development of neoplasms. Two main genera of HPVs are classified as mucosatropic alphapapillomaviruses and cutaneotropic betapapillomaviruses (α- and β-HPVs, respectively), and they both include high-risk cancer-associated species. The absence of antiviral drugs has driven investigations into the details of the molecular mechanisms of the HPV life cycle. HPV replication depends on the viral helicase E1 and the transcription factor E2. Their biological activities are controlled by numerous cellular proteins, including protein kinases. Here, we report that ubiquitously expressed cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) differentially regulates the replication of α-HPV11, α-HPV18, and β-HPV5. PKA stimulates the replication of both α-HPVs studied but has a more profound effect on the replication of high-risk α-HPV18. However, the replication of β-HPV5 is inhibited by activated PKA in human primary keratinocytes and U2OS cells. We show that the activation of PKA signaling by different pharmacological agents induces the rapid proteasomal degradation of the HPV5 E2 protein, which in turn leads to the downregulation of E2-dependent transcription. In contrast, PKA-stimulated induction of HPV18 replication is the result of the downregulation of the E8^E2 transcript encoding a potent viral transcriptional inhibitor together with the rapid upregulation of E1 and E2 protein levels. IMPORTANCE Several types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents of various types of epithelial cancers. Here, we report that ubiquitously expressed cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) differentially regulates the replication of various types of HPVs during the initial amplification and maintenance phases of the viral life cycle. The replication of the skin cancer-related pathogen HPV5 is suppressed, whereas the replication of the cervical cancer-associated pathogen HPV18 is activated, in response to elevated PKA activity. To inhibit HPV5 replication, PKA targets the viral transcriptional activator E2, inducing its rapid proteasomal degradation. PKA-dependent stimulation of HPV18 replication relies on the downregulation of another E2 gene product, E8^E2, which encodes a potent transcriptional repressor. Our findings highlight, for the first time, protein kinase-related mechanistic differences in the regulation of the replication of mucosal and cutaneous HPV types.
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197
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Kervin TA, Overduin M. Regulation of the Phosphoinositide Code by Phosphorylation of Membrane Readers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051205. [PMID: 34069055 PMCID: PMC8156045 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic code that dictates how nucleic acids are translated into proteins is well known, however, the code through which proteins recognize membranes remains mysterious. In eukaryotes, this code is mediated by hundreds of membrane readers that recognize unique phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), which demark organelles to initiate localized trafficking and signaling events. The only superfamily which specifically detects all seven PIPs are the Phox homology (PX) domains. Here, we reveal that throughout evolution, these readers are universally regulated by the phosphorylation of their PIP binding surfaces based on our analysis of existing and modelled protein structures and phosphoproteomic databases. These PIP-stops control the selective targeting of proteins to organelles and are shown to be key determinants of high-fidelity PIP recognition. The protein kinases responsible include prominent cancer targets, underscoring the critical role of regulated membrane readership.
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198
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Store-Operated Calcium Entry: Shaping the Transcriptional and Epigenetic Landscape in Pancreatic Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050966. [PMID: 33919156 PMCID: PMC8143176 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) displays a particularly poor prognosis and low survival rate, mainly due to late diagnosis and high incidence of chemotherapy resistance. Genomic aberrations, together with changes in the epigenomic profile, elicit a shift in cellular signaling response and a transcriptional reprograming in pancreatic tumors. This endows them with malignant attributes that enable them to not only overcome chemotherapeutic challenges, but to also attain diverse oncogenic properties. In fact, certain genetic amplifications elicit a rewiring of calcium signaling, which can confer ER stress resistance to tumors while also aberrantly activating known drivers of oncogenic programs such as NFAT. While calcium is a well-known second messenger, the transcriptional programs driven by aberrant calcium signaling remain largely undescribed in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we focus on calcium-dependent signaling and its role in epigenetic programs and transcriptional regulation. We also briefly discuss genetic aberration events, exemplifying how genetic alterations can rewire cellular signaling cascades, including calcium-dependent ones.
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199
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Zavala-Barrera C, Del-Río-Robles JE, García-Jiménez I, Egusquiza-Alvarez CA, Hernández-Maldonado JP, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) promotes Rab27B expression and activity to control secretion in breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119026. [PMID: 33845096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotactic and angiogenic factors secreted within the tumor microenvironment eventually facilitate the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) activates secretory pathways in breast cancer cells via a mechanism driven by vesicular trafficking of this receptor. However, it remains to be elucidated how endosomal proteins in secretory vesicles are controlled by CaSR. In the present study, we demonstrate that CaSR promotes expression of Rab27B and activates this secretory small GTPase via PI3K, PKA, mTOR and MADD, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, also known as DENN/Rab3GEP. Active Rab27B leads secretion of various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IP-10 and RANTES. Expression of Rab27B is stimulated by CaSR in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast epithelial cancer cells, but not in non-cancerous MCF-10A cells. This regulatory mechanism also occurs in HeLa and PC3 cells. Our findings provide insightful information regarding how CaSR activates a Rab27B-dependent mechanism to control secretion of factors known to intervene in paracrine communication circuits within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Zavala-Barrera
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Eduardo Del-Río-Robles
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irving García-Jiménez
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Departments of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departments of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Blockade of AMPK-Mediated cAMP-PKA-CREB/ATF1 Signaling Synergizes with Aspirin to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071738. [PMID: 33917483 PMCID: PMC8038809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) may prevent the incidence of some types of human cancer, including colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, preclinical studies indicate that aspirin in combination with other treatments may achieve a more significant anti-cancer effect for established tumors. This study aims to improve the anti-cancer effect of aspirin by targeting signaling pathways related to aspirin and its targets. We find that aspirin may induce cAMP–PKA–CREB/ATF1 signaling in HCC via AMPK and its downstream target carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1). Blockade of PKA–CREB/ATF1 signaling by the natural agent berbamine could sensitize HCC to aspirin. This research indicates that the combination of two inexpensive drugs, aspirin and berbamine, holds promise in preventing and treating HCC. Abstract Aspirin can prevent or inhibit inflammation-related cancers, such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effectiveness of chemotherapy may be compromised by activating oncogenic pathways in cancer cells. Elucidation of such chemoresistance mechanisms is crucial to developing novel strategies to maximize the anti-cancer effects of aspirin. Here, we report that aspirin markedly induces CREB/ATF1 phosphorylation in HCC cells, which compromises aspirin’s anti-HCC effect. Inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) abrogates the induction of CREB/ATF1 phosphorylation by aspirin. Mechanistically, activation of AMPK by aspirin results in decreased expression of the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) in HCC cells and xenografts. Treatment with aspirin or CPS1 knockdown stimulates soluble adenylyl cyclase expression, thereby increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis and stimulating PKA–CREB/ATF1 signaling. Importantly, abrogation of aspirin-induced CREB/ATF1 phosphorylation could sensitize HCC to aspirin. The bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid berbamine suppresses the expression of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), leading to protein phosphatase 2A-mediated downregulation of CREB/ATF1 phosphorylation. The combination of berbamine and aspirin significantly inhibits HCC in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that the regulation of cAMP-PKA-CREB/ATF1 signaling represents a noncanonical function of CPS1. Targeting the PKA–CREB/ATF1 axis may be a strategy to improve the therapeutic effects of aspirin on HCC.
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