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Xie Y, Zhao QY, Li HY, Zhou X, Liu Y, Zhang H. Curcumin ameliorates cognitive deficits heavy ion irradiation-induced learning and memory deficits through enhancing of Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 126:181-6. [PMID: 25159739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the major mechanisms implicated in carbon ion irradiation. Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound with impressive antioxidant properties. What's more, curcumin is recently proved to exert its effects partly radioprotection. In vivo, we investigated the protective effects of curcumin against (12)C(6+)radiation-induced cerebral injury. Our results showed that 4Gy heavy ion radiation-induced spatial strategy and memory decline and reduction of brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels were all consistently improved by curcumin, and the augmentation of cerebral malonaldehyde (MDA) was lowered by curcumin. Furthermore, both the cerebral cells nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and three typically recognized Nrf2 downstream genes, NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) were consistently up-regulated in curcumin-pretreated mice. Our study confirmed the antagonistic roles of curcumin to counteract radiation-induced cerebral injury in vivo and suggested that the potent Nrf2 activation capability might be valuable for the protective effects of curcumin against radiation. This provides a potential useful radioprotection dietary component for human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiu Yue Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hong Yan Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine of Gansu Province, Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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152
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Soumya R, Vani R. CUPRAC–BCS and antioxidant activity assays as reliable markers of antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes. Hematology 2014; 20:165-74. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Soumya
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajashekharaiah Vani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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153
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Sun W, McClung K, Pan Y, Liang G, Tan Y, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Sun J, Cai L. Inhibition of JNK by novel curcumin analog C66 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy with a preservation of cardiac metallothionein expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1239-47. [PMID: 24714399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00629.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy is attributed to diabetic oxidative stress, which may be related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. The present study tested a hypothesis whether the curcumin analog C66 [(2E,6E)-2,6-bis(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene) cyclohexanone] as a potent antioxidant can protect diabetes-induced cardiac functional and pathogenic changes via inhibition of JNK function. Diabetes was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in male C57BL/6 mice. Diabetic and age-matched control mice were randomly divided into three groups, each group treated with C66, JNK inhibitor (JNKi, SP600125), or vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) by gavage at 5 mg/kg every other day for 3 mo. Neither C66 nor JNKi impacted diabetic hyperglycemia and inhibition of body-weight gain, but both significantly prevented diabetes-induced JNK phosphorylation in the heart. Compared with basal line, cardiac function was significantly decreased in diabetic mice at 3 mo of diabetes but not in C66- or JNKi-treated diabetic mice. Cardiac fibrosis, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell apoptosis, examined by Sirius red staining, Western blot, and thiobarbituric acid assay, were also significantly increased in diabetic mice, all which were prevented by C66 or JNKi treatment under diabetic conditions. Cardiac metallothionein expression was significantly decreased in diabetic mice but was almost normal in C66- or JNKi-treated diabetic mice. These results suggest that, like JNKi, C66 is able to prevent diabetic upregulation of JNK function, resulting in a prevention of diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell death, along with a preservation of cardiac metallothionein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Wanqing Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kristen McClung
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Yong Pan
- The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Quan Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; The Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; and
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154
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Plyduang T, Lomlim L, Yuenyongsawad S, Wiwattanapatapee R. Carboxymethylcellulose-tetrahydrocurcumin conjugates for colon-specific delivery of a novel anti-cancer agent, 4-amino tetrahydrocurcumin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:351-60. [PMID: 24859389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several curcumin derivatives are now becoming increasingly of interest because of their bioactive attributes, especially their action as antioxidants and anti-carcinogenic activities. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), an active metabolite of curcumin, was selected to be a proper starting material for the work presented here as it is stable in physiological pH and has the typical pharmacological properties of curcumin. We have now reported that novel synthesized water-soluble polymeric macromolecule prodrugs can specifically deliver the drug to the colon. To study the drug loading and drug release, THC was conjugated with a hydrophilic polymer, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with the degree of substitution (DS) values of 0.7 and 1.2. THC was also attached to two different spacers including p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) via an azo bond that was cleaved by the azoreductase activities of colonic bacteria. The novel active molecule, 4-amino-THC, was readily released from the conjugates in the colon (>62% within 24h) with only very small amounts released in the upper GI tract (<12% over 12h). The polymer conjugates showed chemical stability at various pH values along the gastrointestinal tract and increased water solubility of up to 5mg/mL. 4-Amino-THC demonstrated cytotoxic ability against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29) with an IC50 of 28.67 ± 1.01 μg/mL, and even greater selectivity (∼ 4 folds) to inhibit HT-29 cells than to normal human colon epithelial cell lines while curcumin was a non-selective agent against both cell lines. Our study has demonstrated that the use of THC-CMC conjugates may be a promising colon-specific drug delivery system with its sustained release in the colon to be an effective treatment for colonic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thipapun Plyduang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
| | - Supreeya Yuenyongsawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
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155
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García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
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156
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Miao X, Zhou S, Tan Y, Liang G, Zheng Y, Liu Q, Sun J, Cai L. Inhibition of JNK by compound C66 prevents pathological changes of the aorta in STZ-induced diabetes. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1203-12. [PMID: 24720784 PMCID: PMC4508159 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases as leading causes of the mortality world-wide are related to diabetes. The present study was to explore the protective effect of curcumin analogue C66 on diabetes-induced pathogenic changes of aortas. Diabetes was induced in male C57BL/6 mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic mice and age-matched non-diabetic mice were randomly treated with either vehicle (Control and Diabetes), C66 (C66 and Diabetes/C66) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (sp600125, JNKi and Diabetes/JNKi). All three treatments were given by gavage at 5 mg/kg every other day for 3 months. Aortic inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, cell apoptosis and proliferation, Nrf2 expression and transcription were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for the protein level and real-time PCR method for mRNA level. Diabetes increased aortic wall thickness and structural derangement as well as JNK phosphorylation, all of which were attenuated by C66 treatment as JNKi did. Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by C66 and JNKi also significantly prevented diabetes-induced increases in inflammation, oxidative and nitrative stress, apoptosis, cell proliferation and fibrosis. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by C66 and JNKi significantly increased aortic Nrf2 expression and transcription function (e.g. increased expression of Nrf2-downstream genes) in normal and diabetic conditions. These results suggest that diabetes-induced pathological changes in the aorta can be protected by C66 via inhibition of JNK function, accompanied by the up-regulation of Nrf2 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Liu
- Kosair Children Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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157
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Carl H, Chandni A, Neha K, Trishna S, Vani R. Curcumin as a modulator of oxidative stress during storage: A study on plasma. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 50:288-93. [PMID: 24462653 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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158
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Structure-Function Elucidation of Antioxidative and Prooxidative Activities of the Polyphenolic Compound Curcumin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/396708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have been very well known for their antioxidant properties, owing to their unique ability to act as free radical scavengers which, in turn, is an outstanding attribute of their unique biochemical structure. Recent accumulating lines of evidence inculcate sustainable interest and curiosity towards the chemoprotective nature of the natural polyphenolic compound curcumin (diferuloylmethane) against oxidative stress-mediated disorders. Curcumin is naturally found as a constituent of dietary spices called turmeric, extracted from the plant Curcuma longa. However, like every phenolic antioxidant, curcumin possesses a concentration and medium dependent anti- and pro-oxidant behaviour. A detailed study of the structure-function analysis and the understanding of the mode of action of curcumin as well as its chemical analogues is thus essential to understand the selective biochemical consequences of curcumin. Moreover, the presence of transition metal ions, route of administration, and localized tissue are also the vital decisive factors to determine curcumin behaviour. With this viewpoint, this paper sheds lights on the medium dependent prooxidative and antioxidative attributes of curcumin. Further, with respect to emergence of nanocarriers, a brief discussion focusing on the biochemical effect exertion of curcumin chiefly due to targeted and slow release has also been added towards the end.
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159
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Sato H, Chuang VTG, Yamasaki K, Yamaotsu N, Watanabe H, Nagumo K, Anraku M, Kadowaki D, Ishima Y, Hirono S, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Differential effects of methoxy group on the interaction of curcuminoids with two major ligand binding sites of human serum albumin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87919. [PMID: 24498401 PMCID: PMC3912132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuminoids are a group of compounds with a similar chemical backbone structure but containing different numbers of methoxy groups that have therapeutic potential due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. They mainly bind to albumin in plasma. These findings influence their body disposition and biological activities. Spectroscopic analysis using site specific probes on human serum albumin (HSA) clearly indicated that curcumin (Cur), demethylcurcumin (Dmc) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (Bdmc) bind to both Site I (sub-site Ia and Ib) and Site II on HSA. At pH 7.4, the binding constants for Site I were relatively comparable between curcuminoids, while the binding constants for Site II at pH 7.4 were increased in order Cur < Dmc < Bdmc. Binding experiments using HSA mutants showed that Trp214 and Arg218 at Site I, and Tyr411 and Arg410 at Site II are involved in the binding of curcuminoids. The molecular docking of all curcuminoids to the Site I pocket showed that curcuminoids stacked with Phe211 and Trp214, and interacted with hydrophobic and aromatic amino acid residues. In contrast, each curcuminoid interacted with Site II in a different manner depending whether a methoxy group was present or absent. A detailed analysis of curcuminoids-albumin interactions would provide valuable information in terms of understanding the pharmacokinetics and the biological activities of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Keishi Yamasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagumo
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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160
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Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability, absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice. Cancer Res Treat 2014; 46:2-18. [PMID: 24520218 PMCID: PMC3918523 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow pigment present in the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) that has been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial activities as indicated by over 6,000 citations. In addition, over one hundred clinical studies have been carried out with curcumin. One of the major problems with curcumin is perceived to be the bioavailability. How curcumin should be delivered in vivo, how bioavailable is it, how well curcumin is absorbed and how it is metabolized, is the focus of this review. Various formulations of curcumin that are currently available are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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161
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Bairwa K, Grover J, Kania M, Jachak SM. Recent developments in chemistry and biology of curcumin analogues. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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162
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the biphenolic active compound of turmeric. Curcumin has been used for hundreds of years to treat various ailments. Curcumin has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological effects by modulating multiple molecular targets including those involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Cancer has been characterized as the dysregulation of cell signaling pathways through gradual alteration of regulatory proteins and through gene mutation. Curcumin is a highly pleiotropic molecule that modulates several intracellular signaling pathways in cancer. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin have been attributed to its novel molecular structure. Based on its β-diketone moiety, curcumin exists in keto-enol tautomers, and this tautomerism favors interaction and binding with a wide range of enzymes. Several studies have shown modulation of numerous signaling enzymes by curcumin including, LOX, COX-2, XO, proteasomes, Ca(2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum, MMPs, HAT, HDAC, DNMT1, DNA polymerase λ, ribonucleases, GloI, protein kinases (PKA, PKB, PKC, v-Src, GSK-3β, ErbB2), protein reductases (TrxR1, AR), GSH, ICDHs, peroxidases (Prx1, Prx2, Prx6) by treatment with curcumin. Various biophysical analyses have been reported, which shows the underlying molecular interaction of curcumin with multiple targets in terms of binding affinities. The current chapter describes how curcumin binds and modulates multiple enzymes involved cancer. Published clinical trial studies with curcumin in cancer management will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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163
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Wu JC, Tsai ML, Lai CS, Wang YJ, Ho CT, Pan MH. Chemopreventative effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on human diseases. Food Funct 2014; 5:12-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60370a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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164
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Cao Y, Wang L, Lin Z, Liang F, Pei Z, Xu J, Gu Q. Dehydroabietylamine derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroabietylamine derivatives were found to show activity against Alzheimer's disease. Compound3b, in particular, showed potent multifunctional activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Zhongxiang Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qiong Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
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165
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Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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166
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Nabavi SF, Daglia M, Moghaddam AH, Habtemariam S, Nabavi SM. Curcumin and Liver Disease: from Chemistry to Medicine. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 13:62-77. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah Univ. of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Dept. of Drug Sciences; Univ. of Pavia, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section; via Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam
- Amol Univ. of Special Modern Technologies; Amol Iran
- Dept. of Biology; Faculty of basic science; Univ. of Mazandaran; Babolsar Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories; Medway School of Science, Univ. of Greenwich; Central Ave. Chatham-Maritime Kent ME4 4TB U.K
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah Univ. of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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167
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Ahmad N, Umar S, Ashafaq M, Akhtar M, Iqbal Z, Samim M, Ahmad FJ. A comparative study of PNIPAM nanoparticles of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin and their effects on oxidative stress markers in experimental stroke. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1327-1338. [PMID: 23784381 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammatory damage play an important role in cerebral ischemic pathogenesis and may represent a target for treatment. The development of new strategies for enhancing drug delivery to the brain is of great importance in diagnostics and therapeutics of central nervous diseases. The present study examined the hypothesis that intranasal delivery of nanoformulation of curcuminoids would reduce oxidative stress-associated brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were subjected to 2 h of MCAO followed by 22 h reperfusion, after which the grip strength, locomotor activity was performed. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed by grip strength, locomotor activity and biochemical studies (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) in the brain. Pretreatment with polymeric N-isopropyl acryl amide (PNIPAM) nanoparticles formulation of all three curcuminoids (curcumin (Cur), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC)) at doses (100 μg/kg body weight) given intranasally was effective in bringing significant changes on all the parameters. While nanoformulation of curcumin at a dose of 100 μg/kg body weight was most active in the treatment of cerebral ischemia as compared to others nanoformulation of curcuminoids. The potency of antioxidant activity significantly decreased in the order of PNIPAM nanoformulation of Cur > DMC >> BDMC, thus suggesting the critical role of methoxy groups on the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Nanomedicine lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India,
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168
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Curcumin attenuates arsenic-induced hepatic injuries and oxidative stress in experimental mice through activation of Nrf2 pathway, promotion of arsenic methylation and urinary excretion. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:739-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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169
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Zhang W, Huang J, Wo X, Wang P. Microbial transformation of curcumin to its derivatives with a novel Pichia kudriavzevii ZJPH0802 strain. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1026-37. [PMID: 23636653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound, has shown a wide range of pharmacological activities and has been widely used as a food additive. However, the clinical use of curcumin is limited to some extent because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. To overcome these problems, many approaches have been attempted and structural modification of curcumin by microbial transformation has been proven to be an alternative. In this study, we isolated a novel yeast strain Pichia kudriavzevii ZJPH0802 from a soil sample, which is capable of converting curcumin to its derivatives. The transformed products by this strain were evaluated by HPLC, (+) electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS(n), and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Compared with controls, two new peaks of the transformed broth appeared at retention times of 26 min (I) and 62 min (II) by HPLC analysis. The two transformed products were then further identified by (+) ESI-MS(n). The spectrum showed that compound I had an accurate [M+H+NH3](+) ion at m/z 392, [M+H](+) ion at m/z 375, [M+H-H2O](+) ion at m/z 357, and (+) ESI-MS(3) spectrum showed that ion at m/z 357 could further form fragment ions at m/z 339, 177, and 163; compound II had an accurate [M+H](+) ion at m/z 373, [M+H-H2O](+) ion at m/z 355, and (+) ESI-MS(3) spectrum showed that ion at m/z 355 could further form fragment ions at m/z 219, 179, 177, 163, and 137. These two transformed products thereby were confirmed as hexahydrocurcumin (I) and tetrahydrocurcumin (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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170
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Park W, Amin ARMR, Chen ZG, Shin DM. New perspectives of curcumin in cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:387-400. [PMID: 23466484 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their potential for cancer prevention over the decades. Curcumin, from Curcuma longa, is a highly promising natural compound that can be potentially used for chemoprevention of multiple cancers. Curcumin modulates multiple molecular pathways involved in the lengthy carcinogenesis process to exert its chemopreventive effects through several mechanisms: promoting apoptosis, inhibiting survival signals, scavenging reactive oxidative species (ROS), and reducing the inflammatory cancer microenvironment. Curcumin fulfills the characteristics for an ideal chemopreventive agent with its low toxicity, affordability, and easy accessibility. Nonetheless, the clinical application of curcumin is currently compromised by its poor bioavailability. Here, we review the potential of curcumin in cancer prevention, its molecular targets, and mechanisms of action. Finally, we suggest specific recommendations to improve its efficacy and bioavailability for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wungki Park
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, 1365 Clifton Road, C-3094, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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171
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Waseem M, Parvez S. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated cisplatin induced toxicity: Modulatory role of curcumin. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:334-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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172
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Curcumin ameliorates AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells by activating Nrf2. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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173
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Waseem M, Kaushik P, Parvez S. Mitochondria-mediated mitigatory role of curcumin in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 31:678-84. [PMID: 23408677 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic anti-tumour drugs, and it has been implicated in renal toxicity. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in CP-induced toxicity including nephrotoxicity. However, there is paucity of literature involving role of mitochondria in mediating CP-induced renal toxicity, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the antioxidant potential of curcumin (CMN; a natural polyphenolic compound) against the mitochondrial toxicity of CP in kidneys of male rats. Acute toxicity was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of CP (6 mg kg(-1) ). We studied the ameliorative effect of CMN pre-treatment (200 mg kg(-1) ) on the toxicity of CP in rat kidney mitochondria. CP caused a significant elevation in the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and protein carbonyl (PC) content. Pre-treatment of rat with CMN significantly replenished the mitochondrial LPO levels and PC content. It also restored the CP-induced modulatory effects on altered enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in kidney mitochondria. We hypothesize that the reno-protective effects of CMN may be related to its predisposition to scavenge free radicals, and upregulate antioxidant machinery in kidney mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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174
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Pan Y, Chen Y, Li Q, Yu X, Wang J, Zheng J. The synthesis and evaluation of novel hydroxyl substituted chalcone analogs with in vitro anti-free radicals pharmacological activity and in vivo anti-oxidation activity in a free radical-injury Alzheimer's model. Molecules 2013; 18:1693-703. [PMID: 23358326 PMCID: PMC6270587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involves an imbalance between free radical formation and destruction. In order to obtain a novel preclinical anti-AD drug candidate, we synthesized a series of novel hydroxyl chalcone analogs which possessed anti-free radical activity, and screened their effects on scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and OH free radicals in vitro. Compound C7, 4,2'-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxychalcone was found to have potent activity in these anti-free radical activity tests. Further research revealed that C7 could elevate glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) levels and lower malonaldehyde (MDA) level in vivo in the Alzheimer's model. The indication of C7's effect on AD needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingnan Li
- Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-754-8890-0499; Fax: +86-754-8855-7562
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175
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Shehzad A, Lee J, Lee YS. Curcumin in various cancers. Biofactors 2013; 39:56-68. [PMID: 23303705 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an active constituent of turmeric, is a well-described phytochemical, which has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases. The dysregulation of cell signaling pathways by the gradual alteration of regulatory proteins is the root cause of cancers. Curcumin modulates regulatory proteins through various molecular mechanisms. Several research studies have provided in-depth analysis of multiple targets through which curcumin induces protective effects against cancers including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, hematological, pulmonary, thymic, brain, breast, and bone. The molecular mechanisms of action of curcumin in treating different types of cancers remain under investigation. The multifaceted role of this dietary agent is mediated through its inhibition of several cell signaling pathways at multiple levels. Curcumin has the ability to inhibit carcinogenicity through the modulation of the cell cycle by binding directly and indirectly to molecular targets including transcription factors (NF-kB, STAT3, β-catenin, and AP-1), growth factors (EGF, PDGF, and VEGF), enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, and MMPs), kinases (cyclin D1, CDKs, Akt, PKC, and AMPK), inflammatory cytokines (TNF, MCP, IL-1, and IL-6), upregulation of proapoptotic (Bax, Bad, and Bak) and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl(2) and Bcl-xL). A variety of animal models and human studies have proven that curcumin is safe and well tolerated even at very high doses. This study elaborates the current understanding of the chemopreventive effects of curcumin through its multiple molecular pathways and highlights its therapeutic value in the treatment and prevention of a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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176
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Srimuangwong K, Tocharus C, Tocharus J, Suksamrarn A, Yoysungnoen Chintana P. Effects of hexahydrocurcumin in combination with 5-fluorouracil on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6951-9. [PMID: 23322993 PMCID: PMC3531679 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i47.6951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of hexahydrocurcumin (HHC), and its combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats weighing 100-120 g were used as subject models. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), early preneoplastic lesions of colon cancer, were induced by subcutaneous injection of DHM (40 mg/kg) twice a week for two weeks. After the first DMH injection, rats were treated daily with vehicle (n = 12), curcumin (CUR) (50 mg/kg) (n = 12), HHC (50 mg/kg) orally (n = 12), and treated weekly with an intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (50 mg/kg) (n = 12), or a combination of 5-FU plus CUR (n = 12) and HHC (n = 12) at the same dosage(s) for 16 wk. The total number of ACF and large ACF were assessed. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in colon tissues. The quantitative data of both COX-1 and COX-2 expression were presented as the percentage of number of positive-stained cells to the total number of cells counted. Apoptotic cells in colon tissues were also visualized using the dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method. Apoptotic index (AI) was determined as the percentage of labeled nuclei with respect to the total number of nuclei counted.
RESULTS: The total number of ACF was highest in the DMH-vehicle group (1558.20 ± 17.37), however, the number of ACF was significantly reduced by all treatments, 5-FU (1231.20 ± 25.62 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37, P < 0.001), CUR (1284.20 ± 25.47 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37, P < 0.001), HHC (1086.80 ± 53.47 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37, P < 0.001), DMH-5-FU + CUR (880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37, P < 0.001) and DMH-5-FU + HHC (665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1558.20 ± 17.37, P < 0.001). Interestingly, the total number of ACF in the combined treatment groups, the DMH-5-FU + CUR group (880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1231.20 ± 25.62, P < 0.001; 880.20 ± 13.67 vs 1284.20 ± 25.47, P < 0.001) and the DMH-5-FU + HHC group (665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1231.20 ± 25.62, P < 0.001; 665.80 ± 16.64 vs 1086.80 ± 53.47, P < 0.001) were significantly reduced as compared to 5-FU or each treatment alone. Large ACF were also significantly reduced in all treatment groups, 5-FU (111.00 ± 7.88 vs 262.20 ± 10.18, P < 0.001), CUR (178.00 ± 7.33 vs 262.20 ± 10.18, P < 0.001), HHC (186.60 ± 21.51 vs 262.20 ± 10.18, P < 0.001), DMH-5-FU + CUR (122.00 ± 5.94 vs 262.20 ± 10.18, P < 0.001) and DMH-5-FU + HHC (119.00 ± 17.92 vs 262.20 ± 10.18, P < 0.001) when compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, in the DMH-5-FU + CUR and DMH-5-FU + HHC groups the formation of large ACF was significantly reduced when compared to CUR (122.00 ± 5.94 vs 178.00 ± 7.33, P < 0.005) or HHC treatment alone (119.00 ± 17.92 vs 186.60 ± 21.51, P < 0.001), however, this reduction was not statistically different to 5-FU monotherapy (122.00 ± 5.94 vs 111.00 ± 7.88, P = 0.217; 119.00 ± 17.92 vs 111.00 ± 7.88, P = 0.619, respectively). The levels of COX-1 protein after all treatments were not different from normal rats. A marked increase in the expression of COX-2 protein was observed in the DMH-vehicle group. Over-expression of COX-2 was not significantly decreased by 5-FU treatment alone (95.79 ± 1.60 vs 100 ± 0.00, P = 0.198). However, over-expression of COX-2 was significantly suppressed by CUR (77.52 ± 1.68 vs 100 ± 0.00, P < 0.001), HHC (71.33 ± 3.01 vs 100 ± 0.00, P < 0.001), 5-FU + CUR (76.25 ± 3.32 vs 100 ± 0.00, P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC (68.48 ± 2.24 vs 100 ± 0.00, P < 0.001) in the treated groups compared to the vehicle group. Moreover, CUR (77.52 ± 1.68 vs 95.79 ± 1.60, P < 0.001), HHC (71.33 ± 3.01 vs 95.79 ± 1.60, P < 0.001), 5-FU + CUR treatments (76.25 ± 3.32 vs 95.79 ± 1.60, P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC (68.48 ± 2.24 vs 95.79 ± 1.60, P < 0.001) markedly decreased COX-2 protein expression more than 5-FU alone. Furthermore, the AI in all treated groups, 5-FU (38.86 ± 4.73 vs 23.56 ± 2.12, P = 0.038), CUR (41.78 ± 6.92 vs 23.56 ± 2.12, P < 0.001), HHC (41.06 ± 4.81 vs 23.56 ± 2.12, P < 0.001), 5-FU + CUR (49.05 ± 6.75 vs 23.56 ± 2.12, P < 0.001) and 5-FU + HHC (53.69 ± 8.59 vs 23.56 ± 2.12, P < 0.001) significantly increased when compared to the DMH-vehicle group. However, the AI in the combination treatments, 5-FU + CUR (49.05 ± 6.75 vs 41.78 ± 6.92, P = 0.192; 49.05 ± 6.75 vs 38.86 ± 4.73, P = 0.771) and 5-FU + HHC (53.69 ± 8.59 vs 41.06 ± 4.81, P = 0.379; 53.69 ± 8.59 vs 38.86 ± 4.73, P = 0.245) did not reach significant levels as compared with each treatment alone and 5-FU monotherapy, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The combined effects of HHC with 5-FU exhibit a synergistic inhibition by decreasing ACF formation mediated by down-regulation of COX-2 expression.
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177
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Wray DM, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Selective Curcuminoid Separation and Detection via Nickel Complexation and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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178
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Zhang BY, Shi YQ, Chen X, Dai J, Jiang ZF, Li N, Zhang ZB. Protective effect of curcumin against formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in A549 Cell Lines. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1468-73. [PMID: 23059809 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in the environment. It is known to be a genotoxic substance. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation are involved in formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in human lung cancer cell lines A549. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of antioxidant on formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in A549 Cell Lines. Formaldehyde exposure caused induction of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs). Curcumin is an important antioxidant. Formaldehyde significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. In addition, the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 were induced by formaldehyde treatment. Pretreatment with curcumin counteracted formaldehyde-induced oxidative stress, ameliorated DPCs and attenuated activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in A549 Cell Lines. These results, taken together, suggest that formaldehyde induced genotoxicity through its ROS and lipid peroxidase activity and caused DPCs effects in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, Hubei, China
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179
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Radha A, Devi Rukhmini S, Sasikala V, Sakunthala PR, Sreedharan B, Velayudhan MP, Abraham A. Bioactive derivatives of curcumin attenuate cataract formation in vitro. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:887-92. [PMID: 22883304 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, curcumin derivatives salicylidenecurcumin (CD1) and benzalidenecurcumin (CD2)] were prepared, and their biological activity was compared in in vitro selenite-induced cataract model. The antioxidant activity was studied using DPPH radical scavenging assay. Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with curcumin. The anticataractogenic potential of curcumin derivatives was analyzed using lens organ culture method. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and calcium homeostasis was reversed to near normal levels following treatment in organ cultured rat lenses. These results indicated that curcumin and its derivatives--CD1 and CD2--are beneficial against selenite-induced cataract in vitro. Of these, CD1 is having higher bioactive potential compared with curcumin and CD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Radha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
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180
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Mendonça LM, da Silva Machado C, Teixeira CCC, de Freitas LAP, Bianchi MDLP, Antunes LMG. Curcumin reduces cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Neurotoxicology 2012; 34:205-11. [PMID: 23036615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The potential neuroprotective benefits of curcumin against cisplatin neurotoxicity were investigated. Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa whose pharmacological effects include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic drug with activity against a wide variety of tumors, although it has notorious side effects. Cisplatin neurotoxicity is clinically evident in patients that have undergone a full course of chemotherapy and develop a peripheral neuropathy that may affect the treatment regimen and the patient's qualify of life. In this study, we examined whether curcumin can protect against cisplatin neurite outgrowth inhibition in PC12 cells, which is an indicator of the protective potential against neuropathy. We also investigated whether curcumin affects cisplatin effectiveness by analyzing the modulation of p53 gene expression and its effect on cisplatin cytotoxicity in HepG2 tumor cells. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin reduced in vitro neurotoxicity of cisplatin in PC12 cells. The treatment of PC12 cells with cisplatin (10μg/mL) significantly reduced neurite outgrowth. The tested concentration of curcumin (1.0 and 10μg/mL) did not result in neurite toxicity but nevertheless diminished cisplatin-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth by up to 50% (p<0.05). Our results indicate that curcumin does not compromise cisplatin's anticancer activity. Curcumin neither suppressed p53 mRNA transcription nor protected tumor cells against cisplatin cytotoxicity. These results indicate that curcumin may reduce cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity, and clinical studies should potentially be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Meneghin Mendonça
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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181
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Park DH, Venkatesan J, Kim SK, Parthiban P. Design, synthesis, stereochemistry and antioxidant properties of various 7-alkylated 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6004-9. [PMID: 22884407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We used the modified Mannich condensation to synthesize three closely-related series of 7-alkylated 3-ABNs 1-5 viz., 7-methylated 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones (7-Me ABNs 1-5), 7-ethylated 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones (7-Et ABNs 1-5) and 7-tert-pentylated 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones (7-tert-pentyl ABNs 1-5). All compounds yielded good as single isomers by the use of PPA·SiO(2) as a heterogeneous Bronsted acidic catalyst. The 1D, 2D NMR, and single-crystal XRD interpretations unambiguously characterized the stereochemistry of the synthesized compounds. In solution as well as solid-state, all compounds exist in the twin-chair conformation with equatorial orientations of all substitutions, despite their nature and positions. The chemical methods viz., DPPH, reducing power, and phospho-molybdenum methods identified some of the target curcumin analogs as active compounds. Among them, 7-Me ABN 4 (7-methyl-2,4-bis(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9)-one exerted the best antioxidant profile that comparable to standard l-ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and curcumin. Hence, we evaluated further for its intracellular ROS inhibition potency on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and found to be effective as well as non-toxic at 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Park
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Gyeongnam, South Korea
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182
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Leiherer A, Mündlein A, Drexel H. Phytochemicals and their impact on adipose tissue inflammation and diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 58:3-20. [PMID: 22982056 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an inflammatory disease and the mechanisms that underlie this disease, although still incompletely understood, take place in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Concurrently, the prevalence of obesity caused by Western diet's excessive energy intake and the lack of exercise escalates, and is believed to be causative for the chronic inflammatory state in adipose tissue. Overnutrition itself as an overload of energy may induce the adipocytes to secrete chemokines activating and attracting immune cells to adipose tissue. But also inflammation-mediating food ingredients like saturated fatty acids are believed to directly initiate the inflammatory cascade. In addition, hypoxia in adipose tissue as a direct consequence of obesity, and its effect on gene expression in adipocytes and surrounding cells in fat tissue of obese subjects appears to play a central role in this inflammatory response too. In contrast, revisiting diet all over the world, there are also some natural food products and beverages which are associated with curative effects on human health. Several natural compounds known as spices such as curcumin, capsaicin, and gingerol, or secondary plant metabolites catechin, resveratrol, genistein, and quercetin have been reported to provide an improved health status to their consumers, especially with regard to diabetes, and therefore have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory effect. In this review, we will give an overview about these phytochemicals and their role to interfere with inflammatory cascades in adipose tissue and their potential for fighting against inflammatory diseases like diabetes as investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leiherer
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Feldkirch, Austria
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183
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Na LX, Li Y, Pan HZ, Zhou XL, Sun DJ, Meng M, Li XX, Sun CH. Curcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:1569-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Na
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Hong-Zhi Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- Department of Type B Transonic Diagnosis; 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Man Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
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184
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Park DH, Venkatesan J, Kim SK, Ramkumar V, Parthiban P. Antioxidant properties of Mannich bases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6362-7. [PMID: 22995623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological importance of antioxidants influenced to synthesize some curcumin-related compounds as potential antioxidants. Accordingly, a series of 2,4-diaryl-3-azabicyco[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones were synthesized with polyphenolic and/or polymethoxyphenyl groups by modified Mannich condensations. The yield was significantly improved using BF(3)·SiO(2) as heterogeneous catalyst under mild conditions. Stereochemistry of all the synthesized compounds was established as twin-chair with an equatorial disposition of the aryl groups, through their NMR and XRD interpretations. The ABNs 8 (curcumin analog) and 10 (bis-demethoxycurcumin analog) showed an effective profile over curcumin, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C by chemical methods. Further, the efficiency of one of the active molecules, ABN 10, was demonstrated by its intracellular ROS inhibition activity on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by FACS analysis in dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Park
- Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Gyeongnam, South Korea
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185
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Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol responsible for the yellow color of the curry spice turmeric, possesses antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. However, anticoagulant activities of curcumin have not been studied. Here, the anticoagulant properties of curcumin and its derivative (bisdemethoxycurcumin, BDMC) were determined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) as well as cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. Data showed that curcumin and BDMC prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin and FXa activities. They inhibited the generation of thrombin or FXa. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, curcumin and BDMC showed anticoagulant effect in vivo. Surprisingly, these anticoagulant effects of curcumin were better than those of BDMC indicating that methoxy group in curcumin positively regulated anticoagulant function of curcumin. Therefore, these results suggest that curcumin and BDMC possess antithrombotic activities and daily consumption of the curry spice turmeric might help maintain anticoagulant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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186
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Ziyatdinova GK, Nizamova AM, Budnikov HC. Voltammetric determination of curcumin in spices. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934812040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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187
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Srimuangwong K, Tocharus C, Yoysungnoen Chintana P, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Hexahydrocurcumin enhances inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2383-9. [PMID: 22654430 PMCID: PMC3353373 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i19.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the ability of hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) to enhance 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in inhibiting the growth of HT-29 cells by focusing on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression.
METHODS: Antiproliferative effects of HHC and 5-FU, alone and in combination, on growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells were assessed using 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. In combination treatment, low doses of 5-FU were used combined with various concentrations of HHC to minimize the toxicity and side effects of 5-FU. The therapeutic effects of these drugs on down-regulation of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were examined using semi-quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis.
RESULTS: MTT reduction assay indicated that HHC alone markedly decreased the viability of HT-29 human colon cancer cells compared to control. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that HHC is a selective COX-2 inhibitor. This finding was supported by the observation that HHC significantly down-regulates COX-2 mRNA expression compared to the control (control: 100.05% ± 0.03% vs HHC: 61.01% ± 0.35%, P < 0.05) but does not alter COX-1 mRNA. In combined treatment, addition of HHC to a low dose of 5-FU exerts a synergistic effect against the growth of HT-29 cells by markedly reducing cell viability to a greater degree than monotherapy. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR indicated that 5-FU at the concentration of 5 μmol/L in combination with HHC at the concentration of 25 μmol/L significantly down-regulates COX-2 mRNA expression when compared with values in cells treated with 5-FU or HHC alone (HHC + 5-FU: 31.93% ± 5.69%, 5-FU: 100.66% ± 4.52% vs HHC: 61.01% ± 0.35%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: HHC together with 5-FU exerts a synergistic effect and may prove chemotherapeutically useful in treating human colon cancer.
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188
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Brinkevich SD, Ostrovskaya NI, Parkhach ME, Samovich SN, Shadyro OI. Effects of curcumin and related compounds on processes involving α-hydroxyethyl radicals. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:295-302. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.653966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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189
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Shehzad A, Khan S, Sup Lee Y. Curcumin molecular targets in obesity and obesity-related cancers. Future Oncol 2012; 8:179-90. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as an increased BMI, which is associated with the increased risk of several common cancers, including colorectal, breast, endometrial, renal, esophageal, gallbladder, melanoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, lymphoma and prostate cancer. The increased risk of obesity-related cancers could be mediated by insulin resistance, adipokines, obesity-related inflammatory cytokines, sex hormones, transcription factors and oxidative stress, which disrupt the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. The yellowish compound, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), is known to possess multifaceted pharmacological effects. The molecular mechanisms linking obesity to cancer risk, and how curcumin mediates anticancer and obesity activities, have not yet been publicized. Curcumin modulates multiple molecular targets and reverses insulin resistance as well as other symptoms that are associated with obesity-related cancers. In this study, we show that ample evidence exists to support recommendations that curcumin mediates multiple molecular pathways, and is considered to be of therapeutic value in the treatment and prevention of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sangeok-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702–701, Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151–015, Korea
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sangeok-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702–701, Korea
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190
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Kim DC, Ku SK, Lee W, Bae JS. Barrier protective activities of curcumin and its derivative. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:437-44. [PMID: 22237476 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Curcumin, a poly-phenolic compound, possesses diverse pharmacologic activities. However, the barrier protective functions of curcumin or its derivative have not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the barrier protective activities of curcumin and its derivative (bisdemethoxycurcumin, BDMC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) barrier disruption in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. METHODS The barrier protective effects of curcumin and BDMC such as permeability, expression of cell adhesion molecules, monocytes adhesion and migration toward HUVECs were tested. RESULTS Curcumin and BDMC inhibited LPS-induced barrier permeability, monocyte adhesion and migration; inhibitory effects were significantly correlated with inhibitory functions of curcumin and BDMC on LPS-induced cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecules, intracellular cell adhesion molecule, E-selectin). Furthermore, LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release from HUVECs were inhibited by curcumin and BDMC. Surprisingly, the barrier protective activities of BDMC were better than those of curcumin, indicating that the methoxy group in curcumin negatively regulated barrier protection function of curcumin. CONCLUSION Given these results, curcumin or its derivative, BDMC, showed barrier protective activities and they could be a therapeutic candidates for various systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chan Kim
- Laboratory of Microvascular Circulation Research, NEUORNEX Inc., Daegu, Republic of Korea
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191
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Moon HJ, Ko WK, Han SW, Kim DS, Hwang YS, Park HK, Kwon IK. Antioxidants, like coenzyme Q10, selenite, and curcumin, inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing reactive oxygen species generation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:247-53. [PMID: 22252298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), selenium, and curcumin are known to be powerful antioxidants. Osteoclasts are capable of resorbing mineralized bone and excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts causes bone loss-related diseases. During osteoclast differentiation, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) acts as a secondary messenger on signal pathways. In this study, we investigated whether antioxidants can inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through suppression of ROS generation and compared the relative inhibitory activities of CoQ10, sodium selenite, and curcumin on osteoclast differentiation. We found that antioxidants markedly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells in both bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMMs) and RAW 264.7 cells. Antioxidants scavenged intracellular ROS generation within osteoclast precursors during RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis. These also acted to significantly suppress the gene expression of NFATc1, TRAP, and osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (OSCAR), which are genetic markers of osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. These antioxidants also suppressed ROS-induced IκBα signaling pathways for osteoclastogenesis. Specially, curcumin displayed the highest inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation when concentrations were held constant. Together, CoQ10, selenite, and curcumin act as inhibitors of RANKL-induced NFATc1 which is a downstream event of NF-κB signal pathway through suppression of ROS generation, thereby suggesting their potential usefulness for the treatment of bone disease associated with excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Moon
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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192
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Tetrahydrocurcumin alleviates hypertension, aortic stiffening and oxidative stress in rats with nitric oxide deficiency. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:418-25. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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193
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Abstract
Curcumin, the phytochemical agent in the spice turmeric, which gives Indian curry its yellow colour, is also a traditional Indian medicine. It has been used for millennia as a wound-healing agent and for treating a variety of ailments. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and other properties of curcumin have only recently gained the attention of modern pharmacology. The mechanism of action of curcumin is complex and multifaceted. In part, curcumin acts by activating various cytoprotective proteins that are components of the phase II response. Over the past decade, research with curcumin has increased significantly. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that curcumin could target pathways involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD), such as the β-amyloid cascade, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation or oxidative stress. These findings suggest that curcumin might be a promising compound for the development of AD therapy. However, its insolubility in water and poor bioavailability have limited clinical trials and its therapeutic applications. To be effective as a drug therapy, curcumin must be combined with other drugs, or new delivery strategies need to be developed.
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194
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Mancuso C, Siciliano R, Barone E, Preziosi P. Natural substances and Alzheimer's disease: from preclinical studies to evidence based medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:616-24. [PMID: 21939756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the potential therapeutic effects of nutraceuticals to prevent or delay Alzheimer's disease were proposed. Among dietary antioxidants curcumin, Ginkgo biloba and carnitines were extensively studied for their neuroprotective effects. The rationale for this alternative therapeutic approach was based on several preclinical studies which suggested the neuroprotective effects for curcumin, Ginkgo biloba and acetyl-l-carnitine due to either a free radical scavenging activity or the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways or the potentiation of the cell stress response. However, although these are interesting premises, clinical studies were not able to demonstrate significant beneficial effects of curcumin, Ginkgo biloba and acetyl-l-carnitine in improving cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the main pharmacologic features of curcumin, Ginkgo biloba and carnitines as well as to underlie the main outcomes reached by clinical studies designed to demonstrate the efficacy of these natural substances in Alzheimer's disease patients. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antioxidants and Antioxidant Treatment in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mancuso
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Francesco Vito, 1-00168 Rome, Italy.
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195
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Pungcharoenkul K, Thongnopnua P. Effect of different curcuminoid supplement dosages on total in vivo antioxidant capacity and cholesterol levels of healthy human subjects. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1721-6. [PMID: 21796707 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of consuming curcuminoids containing curcumin at 500 mg/day and 6 g/day for 7 days on plasma antioxidant capacity and serum cholesterol level were determined by using vitamin E 200 IU/day consumption as a comparison. Group A and group B subjects consumed 500 mg and 6 g curcumin, respectively, but group C subjects consumed vitamin E 200 IU. By using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, it was found that plasma antioxidant capacity of group A rose from a baseline of 13% to 24% on day 1 and day 7, as against a 19-20% increase for group B. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased after curcumin treatment at 500 mg/day. By consuming vitamin E, both ORAC values and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were significantly increased, but only very slight responses on serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels were observed. It is therefore suggested that curcumin supplement would not be appropriate for healthy people except for reducing serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels. The dosage of a daily curcumin supplement at 500 mg is more effective than 6 g, although vitamin E is also considered to be an effective antioxidant supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanit Pungcharoenkul
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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196
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Sood PK, Nahar U, Nehru B. Curcumin attenuates aluminum-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. Neurotox Res 2011; 20:351-61. [PMID: 21656326 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum is neurotoxic both in animals and human beings primarily because of its interference with biological enzymes in key mechanisms of metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one such mechanism that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Aluminum toxicity is very closely related to Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated the potentials of curcumin, a known cytoprotectant, against neurotoxic consequences of aluminum that acts through a wide range of mechanisms. Curcumin has been reported to be an antioxidant, and it is this property that is widely held to be responsible for its protective effects in tissue. Aluminum was administered by oral gavage at a dose level of 100 mg/kg body wt/day for a period of 8 weeks. Curcumin was administered in conjunction with aluminum at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body wt i.p. for a period of 8 weeks on alternate days. The effects of different treatments were studied on oxidative phosphorylation and reduced glutathione of different regions of rat brain. The study indicates reduced activity of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), succinic dehydrogenase (complex II), and cytochrome oxidize (Complex IV) in all the three regions of rat brain, i.e., cerebral cortex, mid brain, and cerebellum. Curcumin supplementation to aluminum-treated rats was able to normalize significantly the activities of all the three mitochondrial complexes as well as reduced glutathione content in all the three regions of brain which were altered following aluminum treatment. We conclude that curcumin, by attenuating oxidative stress, as evident by hypoxia in histological observations and mitochondrial dysfunction holds a promise as an agent that can potentially reduce aluminum-induced adverse effects in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khanna Sood
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India 160014
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197
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Kunwar A, Barik A, Sandur SK, Indira Priyadarsini K. Differential antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of dimethoxycurcumin, a synthetic analogue of curcumin. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:959-65. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.571681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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198
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Discovery of the curcumin metabolic pathway involving a unique enzyme in an intestinal microorganism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6615-20. [PMID: 21467222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1016217108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol curcumin, a yellow pigment, derived from the rhizomes of a plant (Curcuma longa Linn) is a natural antioxidant exhibiting a variety of pharmacological activities and therapeutic properties. It has long been used as a traditional medicine and as a preservative and coloring agent in foods. Here, curcumin-converting microorganisms were isolated from human feces, the one exhibiting the highest activity being identified as Escherichia coli. We are thus unique in discovering that E. coli was able to act on curcumin. The curcumin-converting enzyme was purified from E. coli and characterized. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of about 82 kDa and consisted of two identical subunits. The enzyme has a narrow substrate spectrum, preferentially acting on curcumin. The microbial metabolism of curcumin by the purified enzyme was found to comprise a two-step reduction, curcumin being converted NADPH-dependently into an intermediate product, dihydrocurcumin, and then the end product, tetrahydrocurcumin. We named this enzyme "NADPH-dependent curcumin/dihydrocurcumin reductase" (CurA). The gene (curA) encoding this enzyme was also identified. A homology search with the BLAST program revealed that a unique enzyme involved in curcumin metabolism belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily.
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199
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Feng JY, Liu ZQ. Feruloylacetone as the model compound of half-curcumin: Synthesis and antioxidant properties. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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200
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Antioxidant and vascular protective effects of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin in rats with l-NAME-induced hypertension. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:519-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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