151
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Jabeur I, Tobaldini F, Martins N, Barros L, Martins I, Calhelha RC, Henriques M, Silva S, Achour L, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactive properties and functional constituents of Hypericum androsaemum L.: A focus on the phenolic profile. Food Res Int 2016; 89:422-431. [PMID: 28460934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum androsaemum L. ethanol:water extract acted as a lipid peroxidation inhibitor and free radical scavenger. A marked inhibition of the growth of breast, lung, cervical and hepatocellular human carcinoma cell lines was also observed, whereas no toxicity was shown against non-tumor porcine liver cells (>400μg/mL). The extract was also effective in inhibiting nitric oxide production, as an indicator of the anti-inflammatory potential. The anti-Candida effects varied among different strains of the same species, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis being the most sensible species with an effect directly related with the extract concentrations tested. A significant anti-biofilm formation potential was also observed, namely for C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (biofilm reduction >90%). 5-O-Caffeoylquinic and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds identified in the extract, and might be related with the observed bioactive effects. Nevertheless, future studies should be carried out to obtain dose-response curves of the isolated active compounds, in order to perform further pre-clinically testing to quantify the presence of the most active compounds in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Jabeur
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Flávia Tobaldini
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Natália Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ivone Martins
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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152
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Abstract
Biofilm infections are exceptionally recalcitrant to antimicrobial treatment or clearance by host immune responses. Within biofilms, microbes form adherent multicellular communities that are embedded in an extracellular matrix. Many prescribed antifungal drugs are not effective against biofilm infections owing to several protective factors including poor diffusion of drugs through biofilms as well as specific drug-matrix interactions. Despite the key roles that biofilms play in infections, there is little quantitative information about their composition and structural complexity because of the analytical challenge of studying these dense networks using traditional techniques. Within this review, recent work to elucidate fungal biofilm composition is discussed, with particular attention given to the challenges of annotation and quantification of matrix composition.
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153
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Mello TP, Aor AC, Gonçalves DS, Seabra SH, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Assessment of biofilm formation by Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:737-749. [PMID: 27309801 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1192610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is the ability of Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans conidia to adhere, differentiate into hyphae and form biofilms on both polystyrene and lung epithelial cells. To different degrees, all of the fungi adhered to polystyrene after 4 h, with a predominance of those with germinated conidia. Prolonged fungi-polystyrene contact resulted in the formation of a monolayer of intertwined mycelia, which was identified as a typical biofilm structure due to the presence of a viable mycelial biomass, extracellular matrix and enhanced antifungal resistance. Ultrastructural details were revealed by SEM and CLSM, showing the dense compaction of the mycelial biomass and the presence of channels within the organized biofilm. A similar biofilm structure was observed following the co-culture of each fungus with A549 cells, revealing a mycelial trap covering all of the lung epithelial monolayer. Collectively, these results highlight the potential for biofilm formation by these clinically relevant fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís P Mello
- a Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Aor
- a Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Diego S Gonçalves
- a Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Sergio H Seabra
- c Laboratório de Tecnologia em Cultura de Células , Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- a Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- a Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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154
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Tajudeen BA, Schwartz JS, Palmer JN. Understanding Biofilms in Chronic Sinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:10. [PMID: 26758863 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic sinusitis is a burdensome disease that has substantial individual and societal impact. Although great advances in medical and surgical therapies have been made, some patients continue to have recalcitrant infections. Microbial biofilms have been implicated as a cause of recalcitrant chronic sinusitis, and recent studies have tried to better understand the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis as it relates to microbial biofilms. Here, we provide an overview of biofilms in chronic sinusitis with emphasis on pathogenesis, treatment, and future directions. In addition, recent evidence is presented, elucidating the role of bitter taste receptors as a possible key factor leading to biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby A Tajudeen
- Department of Otorhinolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5th Floor Silverstein Bldg., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Joseph S Schwartz
- Department of Otorhinolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5th Floor Silverstein Bldg., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - James N Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5th Floor Silverstein Bldg., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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155
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Abstract
In humans, microbial cells (including bacteria, archaea, and fungi) greatly outnumber host cells. Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal species of the human microbiota; this species asymptomatically colonizes many areas of the body, particularly the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals. Alterations in host immunity, stress, resident microbiota, and other factors can lead to C. albicans overgrowth, causing a wide range of infections, from superficial mucosal to hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. To date, most studies of C. albicans have been carried out in suspension cultures; however, the medical impact of C. albicans (like that of many other microorganisms) depends on its ability to thrive as a biofilm, a closely packed community of cells. Biofilms are notorious for forming on implanted medical devices, including catheters, pacemakers, dentures, and prosthetic joints, which provide a surface and sanctuary for biofilm growth. C. albicans biofilms are intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal therapeutics, the host immune system, and other environmental perturbations, making biofilm-based infections a significant clinical challenge. Here, we review our current knowledge of biofilms formed by C. albicans and closely related fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa J Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95343;
| | - Alexander D Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143;
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156
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Manna U, Raman N, Welsh MA, Zayas-Gonzalez YM, Blackwell HE, Palecek SP, Lynn DM. Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces that Prevent Microbial Surface Fouling and Kill Non-Adherent Pathogens in Surrounding Media: A Controlled Release Approach. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3599-3611. [PMID: 28713229 PMCID: PMC5507623 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201505522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many types of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (or 'SLIPS') can resist adhesion and colonization by microorganisms. These 'slippery' materials thus offer new approaches to prevent fouling on a range of commercial and industrial surfaces, including biomedical devices. However, while SLIPS can prevent fouling on surfaces to which they are applied, they can currently do little to prevent the proliferation of non-adherent (planktonic) organisms, stop them from colonizing other surfaces, or prevent them from engaging in other behaviors that could lead to infection and associated burdens. Here, we report an approach to the design of multi-functional SLIPS that addresses these issues and expands the potential utility of slippery surfaces in antimicrobial contexts. Our approach is based on the incorporation and controlled release of small-molecule antimicrobial agents from the porous matrices used to host infused slippery oil phases. We demonstrate that SLIPS fabricated using nanoporous polymer multilayers can prevent short- and longer-term colonization and biofilm formation by four common fungal and bacterial pathogens (Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus), and that the polymer and oil phases comprising these materials can be exploited to load and sustain the release of triclosan, a model hydrophobic and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, into surrounding media. This approach both improves the inherent anti-fouling properties of these materials and endows them with the ability to efficiently kill planktonic pathogens. Finally, we show that this approach can be used to fabricate dual-action SLIPS on complex surfaces, including the luminal surfaces of flexible catheter tubes. This strategy has the potential to be general; we anticipate that the materials, strategies, and concepts reported here will enable new approaches to the design of slippery surfaces with improved anti-fouling properties and open the door to new applications of slippery liquid-infused materials that host or promote the release of a variety of other active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Manna
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Namrata Raman
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael A Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yashira M Zayas-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Helen E Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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157
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Gupta AK, Daigle D, Carviel JL. The role of biofilms in onychomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:1241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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158
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Coad BR, Griesser HJ, Peleg AY, Traven A. Anti-infective Surface Coatings: Design and Therapeutic Promise against Device-Associated Infections. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005598. [PMID: 27253192 PMCID: PMC4890736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Coad
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hans J. Griesser
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ana Traven
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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159
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Rautenbach M, Troskie AM, Vosloo JA. Antifungal peptides: To be or not to be membrane active. Biochimie 2016; 130:132-145. [PMID: 27234616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most antifungal peptides (AFPs), if not all, have membrane activity, while some also have alternative targets. Fungal membranes share many characteristics with mammalian membranes with only a few differences, such as differences in sphingolipids, phosphatidylinositol (PI) content and the main sterol is ergosterol. Fungal membranes are also more negative and a better target for cationic AFPs. Targeting just the fungal membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol and/or ergosterol by AFPs often translates into mammalian cell toxicity. Conversely, a specific AFP target in the fungal pathogen, such as glucosylceramide, mannosyldiinositol phosphorylceramide or a fungal protein target translates into high pathogen selectivity. However, a lower target concentration, absence or change in the specific fungal target can naturally lead to resistance, although such resistance in turn could result in reduced pathogen virulence. The question is then to be or not to be membrane active - what is the best choice for a successful AFP? In this review we deliberate on this question by focusing on the recent advances in our knowledge on how natural AFPs target fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rautenbach
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - Anscha M Troskie
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J Arnold Vosloo
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
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160
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Silva A, Sousa AM, Alves D, Lourenço A, Pereira MO. Heteroresistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae is triggered by small colony variants sub-populations within biofilms. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw036. [PMID: 27140200 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrug-resistant strains paves the way to the re-introduction of colistin as a salvage therapy. However, recent planktonic studies have reported several cases of heteroresistance to this antimicrobial agent. The aim of this present work was to gain better understanding about the response of K. pneumoniae biofilms to colistin antibiotherapy and inspect the occurrence of heteroresistance in biofilm-derived cells. Biofilm formation and its susceptibility to colistin were evaluated through the determination of biofilm-cells viability. The profiling of planktonic and biofilm cell populations was conducted to assess the occurrence of heteroresistance. Colony morphology was further characterized in order to inspect the potential role of colistin in K. pneumoniae phenotypic differentiation. Results show that K. pneumoniae was susceptible to colistin in its planktonic form, but biofilms presented enhanced resistance. Population analysis profiles pointed out that K. pneumoniae manifest heteroresistance to colistin only when grown in biofilm arrangements, and it was possible to identify a resistant sub-population presenting a small colony morphology (diameter around 5 mm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report linking heteroresistance to biofilm formation and a morphological distinctive sub-population. Moreover, this is the first evidence that biofilm formation can trigger the emergence of heteroresistance in an apparently susceptible strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Alves
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Anália Lourenço
- ESEI-Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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161
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Lebeaux D, Lucet JC, Barbier FS. Nouvelles recommandations pour les infections associées au biofilm : implications en réanimation. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-016-1182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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162
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Abstract
Fungal biofilms have become an increasingly important clinical problem. The widespread use of antibiotics, frequent use of indwelling medical devices, and a trend toward increased patient immunosuppression have resulted in a creation of opportunity for clinically important yeasts and molds to form biofilms. This review will discuss the diversity and importance of fungal biofilms in the context of clinical medicine, provide novel insights into the clinical management of fungal biofilm infection, present evidence why these structures are recalcitrant to antifungal therapy, and discuss how our knowledge and understanding may lead to novel therapeutic intervention.
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163
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Sheppard DC, Howell PL. Biofilm Exopolysaccharides of Pathogenic Fungi: Lessons from Bacteria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12529-12537. [PMID: 27129222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r116.720995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides play an important structural and functional role in the development and maintenance of microbial biofilms. Although the majority of research to date has focused on the exopolysaccharide systems of biofilm-forming bacteria, recent studies have demonstrated that medically relevant fungi such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus also form biofilms during infection. These fungal biofilms share many similarities with those of bacteria, including the presence of secreted exopolysaccharides as core components of the extracellular matrix. This review will highlight our current understanding of fungal biofilm exopolysaccharides, as well as the parallels that can be drawn with those of their bacterial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1; Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1.
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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164
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Abstract
Fungal infections constitute a major threat to an escalating number of critically ill patients. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms and, as such, there is a limited armamentarium of antifungal drugs, which leads to high mortality rates. Moreover, fungal infections are often associated with the formation of biofilms, which contribute to virulence and further complicate treatment due to the high level of antifungal drug resistance displayed by sessile cells within these microbial communities. Thus, the treatment of fungal infections associated with a biofilm etiology represents a formidable and unmet clinical challenge. The increasing importance and awareness of fungal biofilms is reflected by the fact that this is now an area of very active research. Studies in the last decade have provided important insights into fungal biofilm biology, physiology, and pathology, as well as into the molecular basis of biofilm resistance. Here we discuss how this accumulated knowledge may inform the development of new antibiofilm strategies and therapeutics that are urgently needed.
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165
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Zheng S, Chang W, Li C, Lou H. Als1 and Als3 regulate the intracellular uptake of copper ions when Candida albicans biofilms are exposed to metallic copper surfaces. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow029. [PMID: 27189057 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper surfaces possess efficient antimicrobial effect. Here, we reported that copper surfaces could inactivate Candida albicans biofilms within 40 min. The intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. albicans biofilms were immediately stimulated during the contact of copper surfaces, which might be an important factor for killing the mature biofilms. Copper release assay demonstrated that the copper ions automatically released from the surface of 1 mm thick copper coupons with over 99.9% purity are not the key determinant for the copper-mediated killing action. The susceptibility test to copper surfaces by using C. albicans mutant strains, which were involved in efflux pumps, adhesins, biofilms formation or osmotic stress response showed that als1/als1 and als3/als3 displayed higher resistance to the copper surface contact than other mutants did. The intracellular concentration of copper ions was lower in als1/als1 and als3/als3 than that in wild-type strain. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression of copper transporter-related gene, CRP1, was significantly increased in als1/als1, als3/als3, suggesting a potential role of ALS1 and ALS3 in absorbing ions by regulating the expression of CRP1 This study provides a potential application in treating pathogenic fungi by using copper surfaces and uncovers the roles of ALS1 and ALS3 in absorbing copper ions for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zheng
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250000, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Bethune Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250000, China
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166
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Wongsuk T, Pumeesat P, Luplertlop N. Fungal quorum sensing molecules: Role in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:440-7. [PMID: 26972663 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
When microorganisms live together in high numbers, they need to communicate with each other. To achieve cell-cell communication, microorganisms secrete molecules called quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) that control their biological activities and behaviors. Fungi secrete QSMs such as farnesol, tyrosol, phenylethanol, and tryptophol. The role of QSMs in fungi has been widely studied in both yeasts and filamentous fungi, for example in Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, Aspergillus niger, A. nidulans, and Fusarium graminearum. QSMs impact fungal morphogenesis (yeast-to-hypha formation) and also play a role in the germination of macroconidia. QSMs cause fungal cells to initiate programmed cell death, or apoptosis, and play a role in fungal pathogenicity. Several types of QSMs are produced during stages of biofilm development to control cell population or morphology in biofilm communities. This review article emphasizes the role of fungal QSMs, especially in fungal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. Information about QSMs may lead to improved measures for controlling fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanwa Wongsuk
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Potjaman Pumeesat
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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167
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Cui J, Ren B, Tong Y, Dai H, Zhang L. Synergistic combinations of antifungals and anti-virulence agents to fight against Candida albicans. Virulence 2016; 6:362-71. [PMID: 26048362 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1039885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, one of the pathogenic Candida species, causes high mortality rate in immunocompromised and high-risk surgical patients. In the last decade, only one new class of antifungal drug echinocandin was applied. The increased therapy failures, such as the one caused by multi-drug resistance, demand innovative strategies for new effective antifungal drugs. Synergistic combinations of antifungals and anti-virulence agents highlight the pragmatic strategy to reduce the development of drug resistant and potentially repurpose known antifungals, which bypass the costly and time-consuming pipeline of new drug development. Anti-virulence and synergistic combination provide new options for antifungal drug discovery by counteracting the difficulty or failure of traditional therapy for fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Cui
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Beijing , China
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168
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Höfs S, Mogavero S, Hube B. Interaction of Candida albicans with host cells: virulence factors, host defense, escape strategies, and the microbiota. J Microbiol 2016; 54:149-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-5514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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169
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Uppuluri
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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170
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Bumroongthai K, Chetanachan P, Niyomtham W, Yurayart C, Prapasarakul N. Biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility of co-culturedMalassezia pachydermatisandCandida parapsilosisisolated from canine seborrheic dermatitis. Med Mycol 2016; 54:544-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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171
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Pesee S, Angkananuwat C, Tancharoensukjit S, Muanmai S, Sirivan P, Bubphawas M, Tanarerkchai N. In vitroactivity of Caspofungin combined with Fluconazole on mixedCandida albicansandCandida glabratabiofilm. Med Mycol 2016; 54:384-93. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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172
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Abstract
Yeasts and filamentous fungi both exist as single cells and hyphal forms, two morphologies used by most fungal organisms to create a complex multilayered biofilm structure. In this chapter we describe the most widely used assays for the determination of biofilm production and assessment of susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal agents or host phagocytes as various methods, the most frequent of which are staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, quantification of extracellular DNA and protein associated with extracellular matrix and XTT metabolic reduction assay. Pathway-focused biofilm gene expression profiling is assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Simitsopoulou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzimoschou
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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173
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Williams C, Rajendran R, Ramage G. Aspergillus Biofilms in Human Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 931:1-11. [PMID: 27271678 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biofilm phenotype of Aspergillus species is an important and accepted clinical entity. While industrially these biofilms have been used extensively in important biofermentations, their role in clinical infection is less well defined. A recent flurry of activity has demonstrated that these interesting filamentous moulds have the capacity to form biofilms both in vitro and in vivo, and through various investigations have shown that these are exquisitely resistant to antifungal therapies through a range of adaptive resistance mechanisms independent of defined genetic changes. This review will explore the clinical importance of these biofilms and provide contemporary information with respect to their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Williams
- Institute of Healthcare Policy and Practice, University of West of Scotland, High St, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Ranjith Rajendran
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Glasgow Dental School and Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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174
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Favre-Godal Q, Dorsaz S, Queiroz EF, Marcourt L, Ebrahimi SN, Allard PM, Voinesco F, Hamburger M, Gupta MP, Gindro K, Sanglard D, Wolfender JL. Anti-Candida Cassane-Type Diterpenoids from the Root Bark of Swartzia simplex. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2994-3004. [PMID: 26654828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A dichloromethane extract of the roots from the Panamanian plant Swartzia simplex exhibited a strong antifungal activity in a bioautography assay against a genetically modified hypersusceptible strain of Candida albicans. At-line HPLC activity based profiling of the crude extract enabled a precise localization of the antifungal compounds, and dereplication by UHPLC-HRESIMS indicated the presence of potentially new metabolites. Transposition of the HPLC reversed-phase analytical conditions to medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) allowed an efficient isolation of the major constituents. Minor compounds of interest were isolated from the MPLC fractions using semipreparative HPLC. Using this strategy, 14 diterpenes (1-14) were isolated, with seven (5-10, 14) being new antifungal natural products. The new structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS analysis. The absolute configurations of some of the compounds were elucidated by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The antifungal properties of these compounds were evaluated as their minimum inhibitory concentrations in a dilution assay against both hypersusceptible and wild-type strains of C. albicans and by assessment of their antibiofilm activities. The potential cytological effects on the ultrastructure of C. albicans of the antifungal compounds isolated were evaluated on thin sections by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Favre-Godal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Dorsaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center , Rue du Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emerson F Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Samad N Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University , G. C., Evin, P.O. Box 19835-389, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Francine Voinesco
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences (IPS), Mycology and Biotechnology , Route de Duiller 50, P.O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mahabir P Gupta
- Center for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora (CIFLORPAN), University of Panama , P.O. Box 0824-00172, Panama City, Panama
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences (IPS), Mycology and Biotechnology , Route de Duiller 50, P.O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center , Rue du Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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175
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Gonçalves B, Ferreira C, Alves CT, Henriques M, Azeredo J, Silva S. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:905-27. [PMID: 26690853 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by Candida species that affects millions of women every year. Although Candida albicans is the main cause of VVC, the identification of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species, especially Candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. The development of VVC is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between Candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological changes. Several host-related and behavioral risk factors have been proposed as predisposing factors for VVC. Host-related factors include pregnancy, hormone replacement, uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression, antibiotics, glucocorticoids use and genetic predispositions. Behavioral risk factors include use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, spermicides and condoms and some habits of hygiene, clothing and sexual practices. Despite a growing list of recognized risk factors, much remains to be elucidated as the role of host versus microorganisms, in inducing VVC and its recurrence. Thus, this review provides information about the current state of knowledge on the risk factors that predispose to VVC, also including a revision of the epidemiology and microbiology of VVC, as well as of Candida virulence factors associated with vaginal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gonçalves
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Carina Ferreira
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Carlos Tiago Alves
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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176
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Alsalleeh F, Williams S, Jaber H. Interaction of Candida albicans with periodontal ligament fibroblasts limits biofilm formation over elastomer silicone disks. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 63:47-52. [PMID: 26679201 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Candida albicans is the most numerous commensal and potentially pathological yeast in the human oral cavity. The purpose herein is to investigate the ability of C. albicans to form a biofilm in the presence of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Silicone elastomer disks (SE) were transferred to wells containing PDL cells. C. albicans suspension was added to each well. The whole mixed culture was then allowed to form a biofilm for 48h. Biofilms were quantified by tetrazolium-salt-based (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenyl amino) carbonyl]- 2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT). Furthermore, biofilm was visualized by confocal scanning laser and scanning electron microscopy. Migration of C. albicans and its ability to form biofilms in presence of PDL cells was determined by using a transwell system. Last, elutes obtained from co-culturing C. albicans and PDL cells were added to SE disks and covered with C. albicans. The culture plate was then incubated to allow biofilm formation. Biofilms formed over SE disks were quantified using XTT. RESULTS PDL cells significantly limited the biofilm formation at incubation interval of 48h. PDL cells induced less biofilm compared to mature and thick hyphae in the absence of PDL cells as seen in confocal scanning laser and scanning electron microscopy. The presence of PDL cells limited the migration and formation of biofilm by C. albicans. Elutes obtained from co-culturing PDL cells with C. albicans for one hour induced significantly less biofilm. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that PDL cells exhibit antifungal activity. While the exact mechanism of how PDL cells limited biofilm formation is yet unknown, it was clear that competent PDL cells promote resistance to C. albicans biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alsalleeh
- King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Restorative Dental Sciences, Saudi Arabia; Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, USA.
| | - S Williams
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, USA
| | - H Jaber
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, USA
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177
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d'Enfert C, Janbon G. Biofilm formation in Candida glabrata: What have we learnt from functional genomics approaches? FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 16:fov111. [PMID: 26678748 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are a source of therapeutic failures because of their intrinsic tolerance to antimicrobials. Candida glabrata is one of the pathogenic yeasts that is responsible for life-threatening disseminated infections and able to form biofilms on medical devices such as vascular and urinary catheters. Recent progresses in the functional genomics of C. glabrata have been applied to the study of biofilm formation, revealing the contribution of an array of genes to this process. In particular, the Yak1 kinase and the Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complex have been shown to relieve the repression exerted by subtelomeric silencing on the expression of the EPA6 and EPA7 genes, thus allowing the encoded adhesins to exert their key roles in biofilm formation. This provides a framework to evaluate the contribution of other genes that have been genetically linked to biofilm development and, based on the function of their orthologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, appear to have roles in adaptation to nutrient deprivation, calcium signaling, cell wall remodeling and adherence. Future studies combining the use of in vitro and animal models of biofilm formation, omics approaches and forward or reverse genetics are needed to expand the current knowledge of C. glabrata biofilm formation and reveal the mechanisms underlying their antifungal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe d'Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Mycologie, F-75015 Paris, France INRA, USC2019, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Janbon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Mycologie, F-75015 Paris, France INRA, USC2019, F-75015 Paris, France
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178
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Arbeloa-Gutierrez L, Kuberski T, Johnson SM, Sagastibelza I, Alaez JI, Pappagianis D. Reactivation of coccidioidomycosis: a prosthetic joint infection in Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 35:183-6. [PMID: 26638217 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A resident of Spain was found to have a prosthetic knee infection due to coccidioidomycosis. He had a history of having pneumonia which resolved while living in an area of California endemic for Coccidioides in 1957-1961. The patient left California in 1961 returned to Spain and never left Spain thereafter. In 2006, a total knee replacement was done. In 2013, a prosthetic knee infection was documented due to coccidioidomycosis. By molecular DNA analysis, Coccidioides immitis was identified from the knee tissue, a species most commonly found in California. This represents reactivation of a Coccidioides infection 56 years after leaving the endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arbeloa-Gutierrez
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea n3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Secretaria de Traumatologia y Cirugia Ortopédica, Clinica Ubarmin, Carretera Aoiz s/n., Elacno/Egües,, 31486, Navarra, Spain
| | - T Kuberski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Maricopa Medical Center, 77 East Missouri Avenue, Unit 73, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA.
| | - S M Johnson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - I Sagastibelza
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea n3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,Secretaria de Traumatologia y Cirugia Ortopédica, Clinica Ubarmin, Carretera Aoiz s/n., Elacno/Egües,, 31486, Navarra, Spain
| | - J I Alaez
- Department of Medicine de Clinica Ubarmin, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, C/Irunlarrea n3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - D Pappagianis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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179
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Kwiecinski J. Biofilm formation by pathogenic Prototheca algae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:511-7. [PMID: 26394169 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prototheca microalgae are the only plants known to cause infections in humans and animals. The mechanisms of Prototheca infections are poorly understood, and no good treatments are available. Biofilms-surface-attached, three-dimensional microbial communities contributing to chronic infections-are formed by many pathogenic bacteria and fungi, but it is not known if Prototheca algae also have this ability. This study shows that various Prototheca species form biofilms composed of surface-attached cells in all growth phases, linked together by matrix containing DNA and polysaccharides. Biofilm formation was modulated by the presence of host plasma or milk. Compared to planktonic cells, Prototheca biofilms caused decreased release of IL-6 by mononuclear immune cells and responded differently to treatment with antimicrobials. Prototheca biofilms possibly contribute to chronic and hard-to-treat character of those algal infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Prototheca algae are the only existing pathogenic plants. Almost nothing is known about mechanisms of Prototheca infections. This study identifies that, similar to pathogenic bacteria and fungi, Prototheca algae can form biofilms. These biofilms induce reduced immune cell activation relative to planktonic cells, and are also less susceptible to antimicrobials. Biofilm formation by Prototheca could be the first in vitro correlate of pathogenicity, opening a new research field for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kwiecinski
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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180
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Cordeiro RDA, Serpa R, Marques FJDF, de Melo CVS, Evangelista AJDJ, Mota VF, Brilhante RSN, Bandeira TDJPG, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC. Inhibitory activity of isoniazid and ethionamide against Cryptococcus biofilms. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:827-36. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the search for drugs to treat systemic and opportunistic mycoses has attracted great interest from the scientific community. This study evaluated the in vitro inhibitory effect of the antituberculosis drugs isoniazid and ethionamide alone and combined with itraconazole and fluconazole against biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Antimicrobials were tested at defined concentrations after susceptibility assays with Cryptococcus planktonic cells. In addition, we investigated the synergistic interaction of antituberculosis drugs and azole derivatives against Cryptococcus planktonic cells, as well as the influence of isoniazid and ethionamide on ergosterol content and cell membrane permeability. Isoniazid and ethionamide inhibited both biofilm formation and viability of mature biofilms. Combinations formed by antituberculosis drugs and azoles proved synergic against both planktonic and sessile cells, showing an ability to reduce Cryptococcus biofilms by approximately 50%. Furthermore, isoniazid and ethionamide reduced the content of ergosterol in Cryptococcus spp. planktonic cells and destabilized or permeabilized the fungal cell membrane, leading to leakage of macromolecules. Owing to the paucity of drugs able to inhibit Cryptococcus biofilms, we believe that the results presented here might be of interest in the designing of new antifungal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rosana Serpa
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valquíria Ferreira Mota
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- School of Medicine – Christus College – UNICHRISTUS – Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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181
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Firrincieli A, Otillar R, Salamov A, Schmutz J, Khan Z, Redman RS, Fleck ND, Lindquist E, Grigoriev IV, Doty SL. Genome sequence of the plant growth promoting endophytic yeast Rhodotorula graminis WP1. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:978. [PMID: 26441909 PMCID: PMC4585186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Firrincieli
- Department for Innovation Biological, Agro-Food and Forest System, University of Tuscia Tuscia, Italy
| | - Robert Otillar
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Asaf Salamov
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA ; HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Zareen Khan
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Neil D Fleck
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erika Lindquist
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Sharon L Doty
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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182
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Cheng SCH, Lin YY, Kuo CN, Lai LJ. Cladosporium keratitis - a case report and literature review. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15:106. [PMID: 26286482 PMCID: PMC4545699 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal keratitis is one of the major causes of infectious keratitis in tropical countries. Symptoms of fungal keratitis consist of blurred vision, redness, tearing, photophobia, pain and foreign body sensation. If not treated effectively, it could lead to blindness. Common causes include Candida spp., Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp.. With the limited choices of topical antifungal agents, we were faced with Cladosporium keratitis, a rare cause of fungal keratitis. Case presentation A 62-year-old Asian male construction worker came to us with intense ocular pain, injection of the conjunctiva, blurred vision, and foreign body sensation in his left eye. His visual acuity was 20/40 OD and 20/400 OS. Slit-lamp exam revealed a corneal ulcer with feathery margin and Descemet’s membrane folding. The culture yielded Cladosporium species.. The patient did not show improvements after applying topical natamycin (5 %), topical amphotericin B (1mg/ml), topical fluconazole (2mg/ml) and oral ketoconazole (200mg). After shifting the medical regimen to voriconazole via topical and systemic routes (1mg/ml and 200mg respectively), the keratitis was controlled. Conclusions Fungal keratitis remains a challenge for ophthalmologists as there is no evidence suggesting any particular drug or combination of drugs is more effective than another. A review of common topical antifungal agents was done. Voriconazole could be a good choice for treating corneal infection by Cladosporium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Chih-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.6, W. Sec., Chia-Pu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Yu Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.6, W. Sec., Chia-Pu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Neng Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.6, W. Sec., Chia-Pu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Ju Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.6, W. Sec., Chia-Pu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County, 61363, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Township, Taoyuan County, 33302, Taiwan.
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183
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de Cássia J, de Souza N, Gullo F, Fusco-Almeida A, Mendes-Giannini M. Fungal Biofilms: Formation, Resistance and Pathogenicity. Med Mycol 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b18707-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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184
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Antimicrobial and antioxidant amphiphilic random copolymers to address medical device-centered infections. Acta Biomater 2015; 22:131-40. [PMID: 25917843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are known to support a number of human infections, including those related to medical devices. This work is focused on the development of novel dual-function amphiphilic random copolymers to be employed as coatings for medical devices. Particularly, copolymers were obtained by polymerization of an antimicrobial cationic monomer (bearing tertiary amine) and an antioxidant and antimicrobial hydrophobic monomer (containing hydroxytyrosol, HTy). To obtain copolymers with various amphiphilic balance, different molar ratios of the two monomers were used. (1)H NMR and DSC analyses evidenced that HTy aromatic rings are able to interact with each other leading to a supra-macromolecular re-arrangement and decrease the copolymer size in water. All copolymers showed good antioxidant activity and Fe(2+) chelating ability. Cytotoxicity and hemolytic tests evidenced that the amphiphilic balance, cationic charge density and polymer size in solution are key determinants for polymer biocompatibility. As for the antimicrobial properties, the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC = 40 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus epidermidis was shown by the water-soluble copolymer having the highest HTy molar content (0.3). This copolymer layered onto catheter surfaces was also able to prevent staphylococcal adhesion. This approach permits not only prevention of biofilm infections but also reduction of the risk of emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Indeed, the combination of two active compounds in the same polymer can provide a synergistic action against biofilms and suppress reactive species oxygen (ROS), known to promote the occurrence of antibiotic resistance.
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185
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Cannon R, Holmes A. Learning the ABC of oral fungal drug resistance. Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 30:425-37. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.D. Cannon
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - A.R. Holmes
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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186
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The steps involved during the biofilm growth cycle include attachment to a substrate followed by more permanent adherence of the microorganisms, microcolony arrangement, and cell detachment required for the dissemination of single or clustered cells to other organ systems. Various methods have been developed for biofilm detection and quantitation. Biofilm-producing microorganisms can be detected in tissue culture plates, using silicone tubes and staining methods, and by visual assessment using scanning electron microscopy or confocal scanning laser microscopy. Quantitative measurement of biofilm growth is determined by using methods that include dry cell weight assays, colony-forming-unit counting, DNA quantification, or XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide reduction assay. Upon infection, innate immune defense strategies are able to establish an immediate response through effector mechanisms mediated by immune cells, receptors, and several humoral factors. We present an overview of the life cycle of biofilms and their diversity, detection methods for biofilm development, and host immune responses to pathogens. We then focus on current concepts in bacterial and fungal biofilm immune evasion mechanisms. This appears to be of particular importance because the use of host immune responses may represent a novel therapeutic approach against biofilms.
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187
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The steps involved during the biofilm growth cycle include attachment to a substrate followed by more permanent adherence of the microorganisms, microcolony arrangement, and cell detachment required for the dissemination of single or clustered cells to other organ systems. Various methods have been developed for biofilm detection and quantitation. Biofilm-producing microorganisms can be detected in tissue culture plates, using silicone tubes and staining methods, and by visual assessment using scanning electron microscopy or confocal scanning laser microscopy. Quantitative measurement of biofilm growth is determined by using methods that include dry cell weight assays, colony-forming-unit counting, DNA quantification, or XTT 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino) carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide reduction assay. Upon infection, innate immune defense strategies are able to establish an immediate response through effector mechanisms mediated by immune cells, receptors, and several humoral factors. We present an overview of the life cycle of biofilms and their diversity, detection methods for biofilm development, and host immune responses to pathogens. We then focus on current concepts in bacterial and fungal biofilm immune evasion mechanisms. This appears to be of particular importance because the use of host immune responses may represent a novel therapeutic approach against biofilms.
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188
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Role of SFP1 in the Regulation of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129903. [PMID: 26087243 PMCID: PMC4472802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major human fungal pathogen. One of the important features of C. albicans pathogenicity is the ability to form biofilms on mucosal surfaces and indwelling medical devices. Biofilm formation involves complex processes in C. albicans, including cell adhesion, filamentous growth, extracellular matrix secretion and cell dispersion. In this work, we characterized the role of the transcription factor Sfp1, particularly with respect to its function in the regulation of biofilm formation. The deletion of the SFP1 gene enhanced cell adhesion and biofilm formation in comparison to the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the sfp1-deleted mutant also exhibited an increase in the expression of the ALS1, ALS3 and HWP1 genes, which encode adhesin proteins. In addition, Sfp1 was demonstrated to function downstream of the Rhb1-TOR signaling pathway. Bcr1 and Efg1 are transcription factors that are critical for controlling biofilm formation, and Efg1 is also required for hyphal growth. Deleting either the BCR1 or EFG1 gene in the sfp1-null background led to reduced adhesin gene expression. As a result, the bcr1/sfp1 or efg1/sfp1 double deletion mutants exhibited dramatically reduced biofilm formation. The results indicated that Sfp1 negatively regulates the ALS1, ALS3 and HWP1 adhesin genes and that the repression of these genes is mediated by the inhibition of Bcr1 and Efg1.
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189
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Seddiki S, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Boucherit K, Kunkel D. Infectivités fongiques des cathéters implantés dues à Candida sp. Formation des biofilms et résistance. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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190
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Physiopathologie des candidoses invasives. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-015-1069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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191
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Abstract
Invasive fungal infections remain a major source of global morbidity and mortality, especially among patients with underlying immune suppression. Successful patient management requires antifungal therapy. Yet, treatment choices are restricted due to limited classes of antifungal agents and the emergence of antifungal drug resistance. In some settings, the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains insensitive to several classes of antifungal agents is a major concern. The resistance mechanisms responsible for acquired resistance are well characterized and include changes in drug target affinity and abundance, and reduction in the intracellular level of drug by biofilms and efflux pumps. The development of high-level and multidrug resistance occurs through a stepwise evolution of diverse mechanisms. The genetic factors that influence these mechanisms are emerging and they form a complex symphony of cellular interactions that enable the cell to adapt and/or overcome drug-induced stress. Drivers of resistance involve a complex blend of host and microbial factors. Understanding these mechanisms will facilitate development of better diagnostics and therapeutic strategies to overcome and prevent antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Perlin
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Erika Shor
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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192
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Bradford K, Meinkoth J, McKeirnen K, Love B. Candida peritonitis in dogs: report of 5 cases. Vet Clin Pathol 2015; 42:227-33. [PMID: 23731002 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Candida peritonitis is reported in people and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality compared with sterile or bacterial peritonitis. Recognized predisposing risk factors include peritoneal dialysis, hollow viscous organ perforation, abdominal surgery, inflamed intestinal mucosa, antimicrobial administration, and immunosuppression. In this report, we describe 5 cases of dogs with peritonitis complicated by Candida spp; 3 dogs with C albicans, one dog with C albicans and C glabrata, and one dog with C glabrata only. The 3 dogs with C albicans peritonitis presented with duodenal perforation due to NSAID therapy, intestinal resection and anastomosis following postspay-surgery dehiscence, and intestinal foreign body removal. The 2 dogs with C glabrata peritonitis had undergone cholecystectomy due to gall bladder rupture and dehiscence of intestinal biopsy removal sites following exploratory laparatomy. In all cases, initial diagnosis of fungal peritonitis was made via cytologic examination of peritoneal effusions, which revealed marked pyogranulomatous inflammation with numerous 3-8 μm oval, deeply basophilic yeast organisms with thin clear capsules noted within phagocytes and extracellularly. In addition, germ tube formation, hyphae, and pseudohyphae were rarely seen in some of the cases with pure C albicans. Identity of the organisms was determined by culture in all cases and confirmed by PCR in 3 cases. Candida spp. are commensals normally inhabiting the alimentary, the upper respiratory, and the lower urogenital tracts of mammals. They are opportunistic pathogens that can invade and colonize tissue when a patient is immune-compromised or there is disruption of the mucosal barrier. Candida peritonitis should be considered in patients with peritoneal contamination with gastrointestinal or biliary contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Bradford
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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193
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Li Y, Chang W, Zhang M, Li X, Jiao Y, Lou H. Synergistic and drug-resistant reversing effects of diorcinol D combined with fluconazole against Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov001. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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194
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Abstract
Only few Candida species, e.g., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida parapsilosis, are successful colonizers of a human host. Under certain circumstances these species can cause infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated candidiasis. The success of C. albicans, the most prevalent and best studied Candida species, as both commensal and human pathogen depends on its genetic, biochemical, and morphological flexibility which facilitates adaptation to a wide range of host niches. In addition, formation of biofilms provides additional protection from adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, in many host niches Candida cells coexist with members of the human microbiome. The resulting fungal-bacterial interactions have a major influence on the success of C. albicans as commensal and also influence disease development and outcome. In this chapter, we review the current knowledge of important survival strategies of Candida spp., focusing on fundamental fitness and virulence traits of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Polke
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans-Knoell-Institute, Jena, Germany; Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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195
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Jiang F, Yeh CK, Wen J, Sun Y. N-trimethylchitosan/alginate layer-by-layer self assembly coatings act as "fungal repellents" to prevent biofilm formation on healthcare materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:469-75. [PMID: 25295485 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungal biofilm formation on healthcare materials is a significant clinical concern, often leading to medical-device-related infections, which are difficult to treat. A novel fungal repellent strategy is developed to control fungal biofilm formation. Methylacrylic acid (MAA) is grated onto poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based biomaterials via plasma-initiated grafting polymerization. A cationic polymer, trimethylchitosan (TMC), is synthesized by reacting chitosan with methyl iodide. Sodium alginate (SA) is used as an anionic polymer. TMC/SA multilayers are coated onto the MAA-grafted PMMA via layer-by-layer self-assembly. The TMC/SA multilayer coatings significantly reduce fungal initial adhesion, and effectively prevent fungal biofilm formation. It is concluded that the anti-adhesive property of the surface is due to its hydrophilicity, and that the biofilm-inhibiting action is attributed to the antifungal activity of TMC as well as the chelating function of TMC and SA, which may have acted as fungal repellents. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-immersion tests show that the biofilm-modulating effect of the multilayer coatings is stable for more than 4 weeks. Furthermore, the presence of TMC/SA multilayer coatings improves the biocompatibility of the original PMMA, offering a simple, yet effective, strategy for controlling fungal biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts; Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and Geriatric Research; Education and Clinical Center; Audie L. Murphy Division; South Texas Veterans Health Care System; San Antonio TX 78229 USA
| | - Jianchuan Wen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts; Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts; Lowell MA 01854 USA
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196
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Gharbi A, Legigan T, Humblot V, Papot S, Berjeaud JM. Surface functionalization by covalent immobilization of an innovative carvacrol derivative to avoid fungal biofilm formation. AMB Express 2015; 5:9. [PMID: 25852986 PMCID: PMC4384722 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol, an aromatic terpenic compound, known to be antimicrobial was grafted onto gold surfaces via two strategies based on newly-synthesized cross-linkers involving either an ester bond which can be cleaved by microbial esterases, or a covalent ether link. Surface functionalizations were characterized at each step by reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). The two functionalized gold samples both led to a loss of culturability of the yeast Candida albicans, higher than 65%, indicating that the activity of the freshly-designed surfaces was probably due to still covalently immobilized carvacrol. On the contrary, when a phenyl group replaced the terpenic moiety, the yeast culturability increased by about 30%, highlighting the specific activity of carvacrol grafted on the surfaces. Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the mode of action of the functionalized surfaces with the ester or the ether of carvacrol was, in both cases, fungicidal and not anti-adhesive. Finally, this study shows that covalently immobilization of terpenic compounds can be used to design promising antimicrobial surfaces.
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197
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Coad BR, Lamont-Friedrich SJ, Gwynne L, Jasieniak M, Griesser SS, Traven A, Peleg AY, Griesser HJ. Surface coatings with covalently attached caspofungin are effective in eliminating fungal pathogens. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8469-8476. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00961h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have prepared surface coatings formulated with the antifungal drug caspofungin, an approved pharmaceutical lipopeptide compound of the echinocandin drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Coad
- Mawson Institute
- University of South Australia
- Australia
| | | | - Lauren Gwynne
- Mawson Institute
- University of South Australia
- Australia
- The University of Bath
- UK
| | | | | | - Ana Traven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases
- The Alfred Hospital and Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
- Department of Microbiology
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198
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CdTe quantum dots conjugated to concanavalin A as potential fluorescent molecular probes for saccharides detection in Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 142:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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199
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Rosseti IB, Rocha JBT, Costa MS. Diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 inhibits biofilm formation by Candida albicans, increasing both ROS production and membrane permeability. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:289-95. [PMID: 25189816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PROJECT The opportunistic fungal Candida albicans can produce superficial and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. An essential stage to both colonization and virulence by C. albicans is the transition from budding yeast form to filamentous form, producing biofilms. PROCEDURE In this work, we studied the effect of the organochalcogenide compound (PhSe)2 on both cell growth and biofilm formation by C. albicans. RESULTS (PhSe)2 inhibited both growth and biofilm formation by C. albicans. The inhibitory effects of (PhSe)2 depended on the cell density and (PhSe)2 concentration. We have also observed that (PhSe)2 stimulated ROS production (67%) and increased cell membrane permeability (2.94-fold) in C. albicans. In addition, (PhSe)2 caused a marked decrease in proteinase activity (6.8-fold) in relation to non-treated group. CONCLUSIONS (PhSe)2 decreased both cell growth and biofilm development, decreasing the release of extracellular proteinases, which is an important facet of C. albicans pathogenicity. The toxicity of (PhSe)2 towards C. albicans can be associated with an increase in ROS production, which can increase cell permeability. The permanent damage to the cell membranes can culminate in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Bueno Rosseti
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, CEP 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento - IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911, CEP 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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200
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Williams C, Ramage G. Fungal biofilms in human disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 831:11-27. [PMID: 25384660 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09782-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Williams
- Institute of Healthcare Associated Infection, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK,
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