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Pigsborg K, Kalea AZ, De Dominicis S, Magkos F. Behavioral and Psychological Factors Affecting Weight Loss Success. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:223-230. [PMID: 37335395 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological or metabolic factors, several behavioral and psychological factors can also be responsible for some of this interindividual variability. RECENT FINDINGS There are many factors that can influence the response to dietary weight loss interventions, including factors related to eating behavior (emotional eating, disinhibition, restraint, perceived stress), behaviors and societal norms related to age and sex, psychological and personal factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-concept), and major life events. The success of a weight loss intervention can be influenced by many psychological and behavioral constructs and not merely by physiological factors such as biology and genetics. These factors are difficult to capture accurately and are often overlooked. Future weight loss studies should consider assessing such factors to better understand the underlying reasons for the large interindividual variability to weight loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Anastasia Z Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano De Dominicis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Devassy SM, Scaria L. Prevalence and risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older population in Kerala; results from a cross sectional survey. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18737. [PMID: 37593613 PMCID: PMC10428049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Falls and their incapacitating effects are a significant concern for older people, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Falls are a significant concern among older people which requires immediate public health action. The current study examines multiple fall risk factors among community-dwelling older people in Kerala, India, to devise prevention strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and May 2020 among the community-dwelling older population aged 60 and above. Data was collected through door-knock surveys using standardized scales. Fall history and associated risks were the primary outcome variables, whereas behavioral and cognitive risk factors of depression, anxiety and stress were the other factors. Results The study included 301 older people (aged over 60) from 573 households and found the prevalence of falls in the last year was 37.5%. Older women with moderate levels of physical activity, cognitive symptoms of anxiety and stress, and who are unemployed had higher chances of falls risk. Further, older people with higher functional disability and average and below self-rated health had higher chances of fall risk in the current population. Anxiety was the only significant risk factor which was statistically significant in multiple regression model. Conclusion The older population with a combined risk of behavioral and cognitive factors is at higher odds of fall-related risk in Kerala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saju Madavanakadu Devassy
- Department of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
- International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
- Honorary Fellow, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | - Lorane Scaria
- Department of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
- International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
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Alshammary FL, Mobarki AA, Alrashidi NF, Madfa AA. Association between different behavioral factors and dental caries among children attending the dental clinics in a sample from Saudi Arabia. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:198. [PMID: 37009869 PMCID: PMC10069123 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the association between different behavioral factors and the prevalence of dental caries among children attending the dental clinic in a sample from the Hail and Tabuk regions, Saudi Arabia. METHOD A cross-sectional study design was employed to determine the burden of dental caries in teeth and key associated factors among 6-12-year-old children who attended different dental clinics. The data was recruited from Hail and Tabuk districts, Saudi Arabia. The study included only Saudi nationals, whose parents could fill out the self-administered questionnaire and provide informed consent for their child's dental examination at clinics. Children underwent a simple dental examination based on the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for oral health surveys. The Decayed, Missed, Filled Tooth (DMFT) index developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was utilized to assess dental caries. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe categorical variables. The mean DMFT was compared between girls' and boys' and the children from Hail and Tabuk regions using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The chi-square test was used to examine the association between different behavioral factors and the prevalence of dental caries. RESULTS Of the total 399 children examined, 203 (50.9%) were boys, whilst 196 (49.1%) were girls. The prevalence of dental caries was correlated with the cleaning tool, parental educational level, dental visits, and sugar consumption (p < 0.05). However, brushing frequency failed to demonstrate a correlation with the prevalence of dental caries (p > 0.05). The total mean DMFT for the studied sample was 7.81 (SD ± 1.9). Caries' experience was made up mainly of decayed teeth. Decayed teeth made up an average of 3.30 (SD ± 1.07). The total mean of missing and filling teeth was 2.51 (SD ± 0.99) and 1.99 (SD ± 1.26) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean DMFT and gender or between Hail and Tabuk (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Saudi Arabia continues to have a high prevalence of dental caries compared to the global norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freah L Alshammary
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal A Mobarki
- General Dentist, Private Sector, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed A Madfa
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Das Gupta D, Kelekar U, Abram-Moyle M. Association between ideal cardiovascular health and multiple disabilities among US adults, BRFSS 2017-2019. Public Health 2023; 218:60-67. [PMID: 36965465 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular health is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Our objective was to estimate the association between ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) and multiple disabilities among US adults stratified into the three age groups of young (18-44 years), midlife (45-64 years), and older adults (≥65 years). STUDY DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). METHODS Using American Heart Association's seven-component (four ideal behaviors and three ideal health factors) scoring tool, we identified ICVH as a composite score ≥5 and also computed the ideal behavioral (score ≥3) and ideal health factors (score = 3) submetrics. The outcome, single vs multiple disabilities indicator, was defined using US Census's disability domains and analyzed using multinomial regression. RESULTS For all three groups, the prevalence of multiple disabilities was significantly lower among those meeting ICVH, ideal behavioral, and ideal health factors compared with those that did not. After controlling for covariates, ICVH score ≥5 was associated with lower relative risk of multiple disabilities in all groups. Although both ideal health and ideal behavioral factors were associated with lower relative risk of multiple disabilities among all groups, the reduction in risk was the highest for multiple disabilities and ideal behavioral factors among midlife (relative risk ratio: 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.36) and older adults (relative risk ratio: 0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.48). CONCLUSION Adults with less-than-ideal cardiovascular health had a higher relative risk of multiple disabilities. Addressing the risk of multiple disabilities of US adults will require effective promotion of ICVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Das Gupta
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - U Kelekar
- School of Business, Innovation, Leadership and Technology and Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, USA
| | - M Abram-Moyle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, USA
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Singh M, Yadav K, Goswami S, Parashar M, Gupta E, Verma M, Goel S, Malhotra S. Predictors of adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medications among Hypertensive (15-49 years) in India: A secondary data analysis of National Family Health Survey 4. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5807-5814. [PMID: 36505527 PMCID: PMC9731078 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_164_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adherence to medications is one of the key determinants of therapeutic control of high blood pressure and is seen as a bottleneck in our fight against hypertension control. We have little scientific evidence from India that highlights the determinants of treatment adherence. Aim The purpose of this study was to identify the predictor adherence to the currently prescribed antihypertensive medications. Material and Methods We did a secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey, 2015-2016 datasets. As there were no direct variables to measure adherence, this was derived from the responses to the survey question: "currently taking a prescribed hypertensive medication to lower Blood Pressure" among those already diagnosed as hypertensives by the physician. The other sociodemographic and household-level variables were used as independent variables for analysis. Results The level of awareness about their hypertensive status among the 15-49-year-olds who were subjected to blood pressure measurement was 9.34% (70,267/80,3081). Of these, 70,267 participants, 65878 with valid hypertensive individual data were included in the final analysis. Among them, 26.78% are currently adhering to antihypertensive medication. Female gender (adj OR; 95% CI: 1.17 [1.09-1.24]) and non-reserved caste ([OR] 1.24; 95% [CI]: 1.18-1.32) depicted better adherence to the current treatment. The hypertensives who preferred taking treatment from shops or at home or some other place in comparison to health facilities had a significant association with adherence (adj OR: 1.64; 95% CI: [1.43-1.88]). Conclusion The current study reported low adherence to the current antihypertensive medication. Gender, higher age group, obesity, and place of taking the treatment were strongly associated with adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitasha Singh
- Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Kartikey Yadav
- Community Medicine, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Goswami
- Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mamta Parashar
- Community Medicine, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Gupta
- ICMR, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Sector 39, Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sonu Goel, Professor of Health Management, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor, Public Health Masters Program School of Medicine and Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Ireland. E-mail:
| | - Sumit Malhotra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
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Hosseini SH, Farag M, Hosseini SZ, Vatanparast H. Behavioral factors are perhaps more important than income in determining diet quality in Canada. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101001. [PMID: 35005185 PMCID: PMC8715369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the importance of income in determining the diet quality of Canadian adults measured based on Nutrient Rich Food Index version 9.3. We used the latest available data on Canadians' consumption of foods and nutrients from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition 2015. The Canada' Food Guide classification was used for categorizing food groups based on types of food and their healthiness. Unsupervised and supervised machine learning models were employed in order to examine the links between income and the choice of foods. We first employed cluster analysis to identify the dietary patterns among individuals included in the sample and then we examined whether the intakes of various food groups across the identified clusters vary by income levels. Further, we evaluated the association between diet quality and income using Lasso Regression to determine the most important predictors of diet quality among adults in Canada. The results of both cluster analysis and regularized regression model suggested that behavioral factors and cultural backgrounds are more important determinants of diet quality among adults in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed H. Hosseini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| | - Marwa Farag
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| | - Seyedeh Zeinab Hosseini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
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da Silva DCG, Fiates GMR, Botelho AM, Vieira FGK, Medeiros KJ, Willecke RG, Longo GZ. Food consumption according to degree of food processing, behavioral variables, and sociodemographic factors: Findings from a population-based study in Brazil. Nutrition 2021; 93:111505. [PMID: 34763312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the consumption levels of foods at different degrees of processing and their associations with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of Brazilian adults. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, population-based study involving 976 adult individuals (ages 20 to 59 y) of both sexes, living in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Participants were selected using a probabilistic sampling technique. Consumed foods were categorized into four groups: unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultraprocessed foods. Associations were tested using linear regression. RESULTS Unprocessed and minimally processed foods accounted for 61.3% of the total energy intake and were positively associated with age and negatively associated with level of education (β = -6.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-10.16 to -3.57]) and sedentary behavior (β = 3.24; 95% CI [-5.88 to -0.61]). Ultraprocessed foods accounted for 23.6% of the total energy intake, and consumption was negatively associated with age and positively associated with sedentary behavior (β = 0.005; 95% CI [0.00008-0.01]) and tertiary education (β = 5.42; 95% CI [2.71-8.13]). CONCLUSIONS Ultraprocessed foods contribute more to the daily energy intake of younger individuals, and ultraprocessed food consumption is positively associated with sedentary activity and level of education.
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代 雪, 张 茜, 张 璇, 周 静, 段 晓, 黄 金, 廖 宇, 袁 萍. [Study on Behavioral Factors Affecting the Risk of New HBV Infection among Diabetic Patients]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 52:772-777. [PMID: 34622591 PMCID: PMC10408896 DOI: 10.12182/20210960301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the behavioral factors influencing of new hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in diabetic patients, so as to provide evidence for reducing the risk of new HBV infection in diabetic patients. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted to follow up and observe 4 586 diabetic patients. The 114 diabetic patients who newly developed HBV infection during the follow-up period were selected as the case group, and 228 diabetic patients who did not develop HBV infection in the same period were selected as the control group from the cohort population at a matching ratio of 1∶2 according to the age ±2 years. Questionnaire surveys and laboratory examinations were conducted in the cohort. The contents of the questionnaire included family history of hepatitis B, history of trauma, history of receiving/donating blood, individual-related behavioral characteristics, diabetes severity, and behavior related to diabetes treatment and management. In addition, the blood samples of the cohort were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the related behavioral factors affecting new HBV infection in diabetic patients. RESULTS The median ages of the HBV group and the control group were 64 years old and 66 years old, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the composition of sex, age, ethnicity, occupation and amount of formal education between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetic patients with a family history of hepatitis B ( OR=13.052, 95% CI: 3.799 to 44.847) had a higher risk of new HBV infection, while diabetic patients who used blood collection/injection devices in a standardized way ( OR=0.189, 95% CI: 0.082 to 0.436), safety locking blood glucose needles ( OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.276) and venous blood collection needles ( OR=0.019, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.262) and self-testing of blood sugar at home ( OR=0.466, 95% CI: 0.222 to 0.980) had a lower risk of new HBV infection. CONCLUSION Family history of hepatitis B is an independent factor that increases the risk for new HBV infection in diabetic patients. During the process of long-term blood glucose management of diabetic patients, standardized use of blood collection/injection devices, use of safer types of blood sampling lancet, and self-testing of blood glucose help can reduce the risk of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雪梅 代
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 茜 张
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 璇 张
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 静 周
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 晓霞 段
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 金城 黄
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 宇婷 廖
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 萍 袁
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系 (成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Poulain M, Herm A, Errigo A, Chrysohoou C, Legrand R, Passarino G, Stazi MA, Voutekatis KG, Gonos ES, Franceschi C, Pes GM. Specific features of the oldest old from the Longevity Blue Zones in Ikaria and Sardinia. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111543. [PMID: 34265327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human longevity may be found in single individuals as well as in the population as a whole ("population longevity"). Longevity Blue Zones (LBZs), which are areas with an unusually high number of oldest old, have been identified in Sardinia and the Greek island of Ikaria. We compared the lifestyle, health status and some genetic markers of the LBZ populations with those of reference populations from Italy and Greece; the data were extracted from the GEHA database. In the LBZs, the proportion of individuals who never married or were married and still living with their spouse was significantly greater. Nonagenarians males and females with a high self‒perception of optimism and/or a high score for self-rated health were also found in larger proportions in LBZs. Among the variables with lower frequency were the proportion of the widowed, the percentage of subjects who had suffered a stroke and the frequency of Apoε4 and Apoε2 and the TT genotype of FOXO3A gene. Compared to behavioral and health indicators, the impact of genetic factors might be relatively less important in the LBZs. Nevertheless, further research is needed to identify potential epigenetic traits that might play a predominant role due to the interaction between genetics and the human and physical environments.
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Naz L, Ghimire U, Zainab A. Behavioral factors associated with utilization of healthcare services among elderly in Pakistan: evidence from a nationally representative survey. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:42. [PMID: 33435874 PMCID: PMC7802143 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Pakistan, health system is facing unprecedented challenges to deal with the healthcare demand of the growing ageing population. Using conceptual framework, this study aims to analyze the factors associated with the utilization of healthcare services in private and public hospitals by the elderly population. METHODS This study used a sample of 5319 individuals aged 60 and above extracted from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2014-15. We followed the Anderson's Behavioral model of healthcare utilization. The behavioral factors, including predisposing, enabling and need factors, associated with the use of healthcare care were analyzed using exploratory data analysis and binary logistic regressions. The utilization of healthcare service in the study refers to the visits to private and government hospital. RESULTS Out of total 5319 participants around three-fourth or 72.4% of participants visited private hospitals for their healthcare needs. Multivariate analysis showed that older age-group (80 years and above) and participants from urban were 1.35 and 1.53 times more likely to avail healthcare service in private hospitals, respectively. The elderly persons from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were three times (AOR: 3.29, 95%CI 2.5-4.8) more likely to visit government hospitals than their peers in Punjab. Participants who attended school (AOR: 1.21, 95%CI 0.82-1.31) were more likely to utilize healthcare service in private hospitals. Elders from rich (AOR: 1.04, 95%CI 0.84-1.13) and richest (AOR: 1.29, 95%CI 0.89-1.87) wealth quintiles were more likely to use healthcare in private hospitals. The likelihood of the utilization of healthcare service in private hospitals was 1.7 times higher for three or more consulting visits than the single visit, and 1.5 times higher in the public hospital. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore a dire need for expanding the outreach of healthcare services for the elderly population. It calls for effective implementation of policies which aim at improving equitable access to private healthcare services, and upgrading of government hospitals Moreover, the knowledge generated through this research may be employed to make social protection programs more responsive to age-related healthcare needs, and focused on caregiving for elderly living without spouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Naz
- Department of Economics, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Umesh Ghimire
- New ERA, Rudramati Marga, Bagmati, Kalopul, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.
| | - Abida Zainab
- Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Division, Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
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Tam CC, Zeng C, Li X. Prescription opioid misuse and its correlates among veterans and military in the United States: A systematic literature review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108311. [PMID: 33010713 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prescription opioid misuse (POM) has become a critical public health issue in the United States (US), with veteran and military population being especially vulnerable to POM. However, limited behavioral interventions have been developed for veterans and military to reduce POM risk due to the lack of an adequate understanding of POM andrelated factors among veterans and military. The current study aims to review and synthesize empirical findings regarding POM and its correlates among US veterans and military. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of 17 empirical studies (16 quantitative studies and one qualitative study) from 1980 to 2019 that reported POM statistics (e.g., prevalence) and examined correlates of POM in veterans and military. RESULTS The prevalence of POM in veterans and military ranged from 6.9%-77.9% varying by study samples, individual POM behaviors, and recalled time periods. Several factors were identified to be associated with POM in veterans and military. These factors included socio-demographic factors (age, race/ethnicity, education, relationship status, and military status), pain-related factors (pain symptoms, severity, interference, and cognitions), other physical factors (e.g., common illness), opioid-medication-related factors (receipt of opioid medications and quantity of opioid medications), behavioral factors (substance use disorder, alcohol use, cigarette use, and other prescription drug use), and psychological factors (psychiatric symptoms and cognitive factors). CONCLUSIONS POM was prevalent in veterans and military and could be potentially influenced by multiple psycho-behavioral factors. Future research guided by a theoretical framework is warranted to examine psycho-behavioral influences on POM and their mechanisms and to inform effective psychosocial POM interventions in veterans and military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Chi Tam
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Chengbo Zeng
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery I, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Liu X, Hanseman DJ, Champagne CM, Bray GA, Qi L, Williamson DA, Anton SD, Sacks FM, Tong J. Predicting Weight Loss Using Psychological and Behavioral Factors: The POUNDS LOST Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz236. [PMID: 31802116 PMCID: PMC7067534 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Eating habits and food craving are strongly correlated with weight status. It is currently not well understood how psychological and behavioral factors influence both weight loss and weight regain. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between psychological and behavioral predictors with weight changes and energy intake in a randomized controlled trial on weight loss. DESIGN AND SETTING The Prevention of Obesity Using Novel Dietary Strategies is a dietary intervention trial that examined the efficacy of 4 diets on weight loss over 2 years. Participants were 811 overweight (body mass index, 25-40.9 kg/m2; age, 30-70 years) otherwise healthy adults. RESULTS Every 1-point increase in craving score for high-fat foods at baseline was associated with greater weight loss (-1.62 kg, P = .0004) and a decrease in energy intake (r = -0.10, P = .01) and fat intake (r = -0.16, P < .0001) during the weight loss period. In contrast, craving for carbohydrates/starches was associated with both less weight loss (P < .0001) and more weight regain (P = .04). Greater cognitive restraint of eating at baseline was associated with both less weight loss (0.23 kg, P < .0001) and more weight regain (0.14 kg, P = .0027), whereas greater disinhibition of eating was only associated with more weight regain (0.12 kg, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Craving for high-fat foods is predictive of greater weight loss, whereas craving for carbohydrates is predictive of less weight loss. Cognitive restraint is predictive of less weight loss and more weight regain. Interventions targeting different psychological and behavioral factors can lead to greater success in weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Tong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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Chukwuma A, Obi U, Agu I, Mbachu C. Exploring Behavioral Competencies for Effective Medical Practice in Nigeria. J Med Educ Curric Dev 2020; 7:2382120520978237. [PMID: 33313400 PMCID: PMC7716079 DOI: 10.1177/2382120520978237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical performance varies due to academic, clinical, and behavioral factors. However, in many countries, selection of medical professionals tends to focus on exclusively academic ability and clinical acumen. Appropriate selection processes for medical professionals should consider behavioral factors, which may vary across contexts. This study was conducted to identify behavioral competencies considered relevant for effective medical practice in Nigeria, by medical students and doctors, and compared with other contexts. METHODS This mixed methods study draws on a scoping review and nominal group technique exercises. We undertook a scoping review to develop a list of behavioral attributes that may correlate with effective service provision in the empirical literature, across contexts. Drawing on nominal group technique exercises with 17 medical students and 11 physicians, this starting list was modified through scoring and ranking of selected competencies. We compared the list of competencies and rankings between medical students, doctors, and the scoping review. RESULTS The scoping review identified 9 articles for full-text review, resulting in a starting list of 21 behavioral competencies defined in studies, all of which had been conducted in non-African countries. The nominal group technique exercises conducted with medical students and doctors yielded a condensed list of 32 and 27 behavioral competencies respectively. For doctor-client interactions, effective communication and patient-centeredness were ranked highly, while for doctor-colleague interactions, teamwork, respectfulness, and management ability were ranked highly. There were also divergences in the condensed list of behavioral competencies and the scoping review, which may be explained by cultural and non-cultural factors. DISCUSSION This study is one of the few to examine the perspectives of medical students and physicians on behavioral competencies for effective medical practice in an African country. We found differences in the perspectives of medical physicians and students, and in the prioritized competencies across countries. Our study illustrates the need for careful consideration in identifying subject matter experts and in generalizing competencies across contexts. Future research in this field in Nigeria should examine effective ways of testing for key behavioral competencies among medical students and for residency programs. Also, investigating the perspectives of medical faculty and administrators on important competencies, and exploring the generalizability of these competencies across cultures in Nigeria should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uche Obi
- College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ifunanya Agu
- College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Yared J, Gandhi AB, Nagarajan M, Albarmawi H, Keating K, Appukkuttan S, Onukwugha E. Patient-level Factors Associated With the Initial Management of Older Adults Diagnosed With Follicular Lymphoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2020; 20:e184-94. [PMID: 31956071 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated patient-level factors associated with the initial management of older adults diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare (SEER-Medicare) data; we identified 11,500 beneficiaries aged ≥ 66 years, diagnosed with FL between 2000 and 2013. A logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for factors associated with the receipt of active treatment versus watchful waiting (WW) as an initial management strategy. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to predict factors associated with receipt of specific active treatments, namely chemoimmunotherapy, rituximab monotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiation as compared with WW. RESULTS Overall, the initial management strategies adopted were WW (49%), chemoimmunotherapy (25%), radiation (10%), rituximab monotherapy (9%), and chemotherapy (7%). In reference to WW, grade III FL (AOR, 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99-2.46), increasing disease stage (Stage IV AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.62-2.00), and use of preventive services (AOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30) were associated with increased odds of active treatment receipt. Age > 80 years (AOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.87), Non-Hispanic African-American race (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.80), and state buy-in coverage (AOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94) were associated with decreased odds of active treatment receipt. In reference to WW, the multinomial logistic regression model displayed differences in the receipt of rituximab-based therapies by age and comorbidity burden. Non-Hispanic African-American race and state buy-in coverage were associated with decreased odds of receiving rituximab-based therapies. CONCLUSION The present analysis identifies disparities in the initial management of older adults with FL owing to race and socioeconomic status. Future research should examine implications for subsequent treatment and health outcomes.
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Makola L, Mlangeni L, Mabaso M, Chibi B, Sokhela Z, Silimfe Z, Seutlwadi L, Naidoo D, Khumalo S, Mncadi A, Zuma K. Predictors of contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15 to 24 years in South Africa: results from the 2012 national population-based household survey. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:158. [PMID: 31830982 PMCID: PMC6909538 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a variety of contraceptives being available for women in South Africa, a considerable number of adolescent girls and young women still face challenges in using them. This paper examines socio-demographic and behavioral predictors of using contraceptives among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15 to 24 years. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2012 population-based nationally representative multi-stage stratified cluster randomised household survey. Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression model was used to examine socio-demographic and behavioural factors independently associated with contraceptive use amongst AGYW aged 15 to 24 years in South Africa. RESULTS Out of 1460 AGYW, 78% (CI: 73.9-81.7) reported using some form of contraceptives. In the model, contraceptive use was significantly associated with secondary education [OR = 1.8 (1.2-2.7), p = 0.005], having a sexual partner within 5 years of their age [OR = 1.8 (1.2-2.5), p = 0.002], and sexual debut at age 15 years and older [OR = 2.5 (1.3-4.6), p = 0.006]. The likelihood of association decreased with other race groups-White, Coloured, and Indians/Asians [OR = 0.5 (0.3-0.7), p = 0.001], being married [OR = 0.4 (0.2-0.7), p = 0.001], never given birth [OR = 0.7 (0.5-0.9), p = 0.045], coming from rural informal [OR = 0.5 (0.3-0.9), p = 0.010] and rural formal settlements [OR = 0.5 (0.3-0.9), p = 0.020]. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggest that interventions should be tailor-made to meet the needs of AGYW in order to, promote use and access to contraceptives. The results also suggest that family planning interventions should target those who had not given birth in order to reduce unplanned and or unintended pregnancies and associated risk factors. These findings contribute to public health discourse and reproductive health planning for these age groups in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Makola
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - L. Mlangeni
- Department of Psychology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - M. Mabaso
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - B. Chibi
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Z. Sokhela
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Z. Silimfe
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - L. Seutlwadi
- Critical Studies in Sexualities and Reproduction, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - D. Naidoo
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - S. Khumalo
- Human and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - A. Mncadi
- Human and Social Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - K. Zuma
- Social Aspects of Public Health Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
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Ren Z, Zhao F, Chen H, Hu D, Yu W, Xu X, Lin D, Luo F, Fan Y, Wang H, Cheng J, Zhao L. Nutritional intakes and associated factors among tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:907. [PMID: 31664922 PMCID: PMC6819533 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to examine nutrient intakes of tuberculosis (TB) patients and to identify their associated factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 300 adult TB patients were surveyed in two impoverished counties in China. Nutrient intakes were evaluated through two consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and compared with the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2013. The potential socio-demographic and behavioral factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic model to identify strong influential factors. RESULTS We found that mean daily energy intake was 1655.0 kcal (SD: 619.3 kcal) and 1360.3 kcal (SD: 552.1 kcal) for male and female patients, respectively. The mean daily energy intake was significantly lower than that has been recommended by DRI (i.e., 2250 and 1800 kcal for males and females, respectively), with 87.4% of the male patients and 59.9% of female patients failed to consume adequate energy. The protein intakes were 44.6 g (SD: 18.2 g) and 35.9 g (SD: 12.3 g) for male and female patients, respectively, which were lower than the recommended values by DRI (i.e., 65 and 55 g for males and females, respectively). Most male (90.8%) and female (58.4%) TB patients had insufficient daily protein intake. Further analyses suggested that mean daily intakes of many micronutrients, were insufficient, while for most of patients, intakes of vitamin E and sodium were sufficient. We identified that unemployment was a risk factor for low energy intake (p < 0.05) and out-home-eating was a protective factor for low protein intake (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In impoverished areas in China, intakes of macronutrients and most micronutrients in TB patients were inadequate compared with DRIs, especially for unemployed patients and patients eating at home. These findings suggested that public health actions are needed to promote education on TB patients about significance of nutritional support, and, further interventions in TB patients' nutritional intakes are also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Ren
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Clinical Trial And Research Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Hu
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dingwen Lin
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Fuyi Luo
- Linyun County Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Baise, China
| | - Yueling Fan
- Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Lin County People’s Hospital, Lvliang, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Xie X, Wang N, Liu Y. Gender disparities in the associations of behavioral factors, serious psychological distress and chronic diseases with type 2 diabetes screening among US adults. Glob Health Res Policy 2018; 3:9. [PMID: 29619411 PMCID: PMC5881180 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of undiagnosed and diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) posed a major challenge for public health and thus screening for T2D becomes essentially important. The social-demographical factors associated with the use of T2D screening have been widely studied, however, little is known about the impact of behavioral factors, mental health and chronic diseases on prevalence of screening, especially by gender and age groups. Methods We investigated the impact of behavioral factors, mental health and chronic diseases across gender and age groups on the usage rate of T2D screening. To analyze the likelihood of the use of T2D screening, we performed weighted binomial logistic regression analyses. Results Obesity, physical activity and smoking increased the use of T2D screening for females more than for males, and alcohol use increased screenings only for females. Serious psychological distress (SPD) was found to have a positive association with the use of T2D screening for females rather than for males; whereas hypertension and diabetes increased the use of T2D screening for males more than for females. Physical activity was an effective predictor of screening for T2D in the groups of 45-64 years and 65 years or older. Former drinking was positively associated with T2D screening for people aged 65 or older, and smoking was found to increase the odds of screening for T2D for people aged less than 65. Conclusions Behavioral factors, mental health, and chronic diseases were significantly associated with the use of T2D screening and further demonstrated that gender differences exist in the role of above factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- 1Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70686, 227 Sam Wilson Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA
| | - Nianyang Wang
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Ying Liu
- 3Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA
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Magriplis E, Farajian P, Panagiotakos DB, Risvas G, Zampelas A. The relationship between behavioral factors, weight status and a dietary pattern in primary school aged children: The GRECO study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:310-316. [PMID: 29398340 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Numerous factors have been associated with the increase in childhood overweight and obesity, including environmental, dietary and behavioral. The latter have been associated with unhealthy eating behaviors but studies of their relation to dietary patterns are limited. Dietary patterns serve as a better means to evaluate children's diet and risk of obesity and therefore the aim of the study was to examine the relationship of behavioral factors with a specific dietary pattern developed for children (child derived Food Index (cdFI)), and to assess how behavioral and diet are related to children's weight status when addressed together in a model. METHODS Study included school-aged children (n = 4434) from the Greek Childhood Obesity study (GRECO), a cross-sectional survey. Participants self-reported behavioral habits and dietary intake, using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A high dietary pattern-cdFI is related to a healthier dietary pattern. Anthropometric data were measured. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed, adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS The dietary pattern was positively associated with sleep, family meals and study hours, and was inversely associated with total screen time, frequency of eating out and eating while on some screen. Overweight and obese children were more likely to have a lower cdFI score (2%), sleep less (8%) and report more study hours (6%). CONCLUSION In order to reduce and prevent child overweight and obesity, interventions probably need to address specific behavioral and dietary patterns together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuela Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Paul Farajian
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Risvas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Dianatinasab M, Mohammadianpanah M, Daneshi N, Zare-Bandamiri M, Rezaeianzadeh A, Fararouei M. Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, and Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Considering the Impact of Delay in Diagnosis. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:239-245. [PMID: 29033239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stage of cancer at diagnosis is one of the most important factors in patient prognosis. By controlling for diagnostic delay, this study aimed to identify factors associated with late-stage breast cancer (BC). PATIENTS AND METHODS From November 2014 to January 2017, required information on 497 patients who were newly diagnosed with BC was obtained from patients' medical records. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between cancer stage and study variables. RESULTS Only 18.3% of patients were diagnosed at stage I. The rest were diagnosed at stage II (45.5%) or higher (36.2%). Among those with ≤ 3 months' diagnostic delay, age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.99), place of residence (OR urban/rural = 1.72; 95% CI, 1.42-1.93), income (OR high/low = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.72), performing breast self-examination (OR yes/no = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.0.26 -0.98), smoking (OR yes/no = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.37-3.62), history of chest X-ray (OR yes/no = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.16-1.98), presence of chronic diseases (OR yes/no = 1.73; 95% CI, 1.36-5.48), and, for those with a delay of > 3 months, marriage age (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.94), income (OR high/low = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.008-0.63), family history of BC (OR = 3.82; 95% CI, 1.05-5.05), daily exercise (OR < 10/10-20 = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.67), and presence of chronic diseases (OR yes/no = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.73-5.07), were associated with late-stage of cancer. CONCLUSION Shortening the diagnostic delay can help patients receive medical treatment at an earlier disease stage, resulting in better prognosis. Smokers, younger women, and those with chronic conditions or a family history of BC should take extra caution, as they may have worse prognosis if diagnosed with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nima Daneshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaeianzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Colorectal Research Center, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Šačić L, Marković N, Arslanagić Muratbegović A, Zukanović A, Kobašlija S. The prevalence and severity of early childhood caries in preschool children in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Med Acad 2017; 45:19-25. [PMID: 27284794 DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess caries prevalence and severity in preschool children in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, the relationship between the frequency and clinical types of early childhood caries and behavioral factors, oral hygiene and eating habits were assessed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An oral health survey was performed in line with the World Health Organization methodology and criteria. The research consisted of clinical examinations of children to determine dentition status, oral hygiene and severity of caries distribution according to Wyne's classification. Information about behavioral factors was collected by means of a questionnaire administered to parents/guardians. RESULTS The sample consisted of a total of 165 preschool children aged 3-5 years. Mean dmft (decay, missing, filled teeth index for primary dentition) was 6.79. The percentage of caries-free children was 17.0%. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between oral hygiene and eating habits, and also the frequency and types of early childhood caries. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates high caries prevalence in preschool children in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Community based preventive programs should be developed and urgently implemented, in order to achieve the WHO goals, improve oral and general health, thus improving the quality of life of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Šačić
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo
| | - Nina Marković
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo.
| | | | - Amila Zukanović
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo
| | - Sedin Kobašlija
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo
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Gonçalves B, Ferreira C, Alves CT, Henriques M, Azeredo J, Silva S. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:905-27. [PMID: 26690853 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by Candida species that affects millions of women every year. Although Candida albicans is the main cause of VVC, the identification of non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species, especially Candida glabrata, as the cause of this infection, appears to be increasing. The development of VVC is usually attributed to the disturbance of the balance between Candida vaginal colonization and host environment by physiological or nonphysiological changes. Several host-related and behavioral risk factors have been proposed as predisposing factors for VVC. Host-related factors include pregnancy, hormone replacement, uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression, antibiotics, glucocorticoids use and genetic predispositions. Behavioral risk factors include use of oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, spermicides and condoms and some habits of hygiene, clothing and sexual practices. Despite a growing list of recognized risk factors, much remains to be elucidated as the role of host versus microorganisms, in inducing VVC and its recurrence. Thus, this review provides information about the current state of knowledge on the risk factors that predispose to VVC, also including a revision of the epidemiology and microbiology of VVC, as well as of Candida virulence factors associated with vaginal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Gonçalves
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Carina Ferreira
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Carlos Tiago Alves
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- a CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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Kim J, Sharma SV, Park SK. Association between socioeconomic status and obesity in adults: evidence from the 2001 to 2009 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:94-103. [PMID: 24744826 PMCID: PMC3988287 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study examined relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity and body mass index (BMI) as well as the effects of health-related behavioral and psychological factors on the relationships. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on Korean adults aged 20 to 79 years using data from the 2001, 2005, and 2007 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of obesity and mean differences in BMI, respectively, across SES levels after controlling for health-related behavioral and psychological factors. Results We observed significant gender-specific relationships of SES with obesity and BMI after adjusting for all covariates. In men, income, but not education, showed a slightly positive association with BMI (p<0.05 in 2001 and 2005). In women, education, but not income, was inversely associated with both obesity and BMI (p<0.0001 in all datasets). These relationships were attenuated with adjusting for health-related behavioral factors, not for psychological factors. Conclusions Results confirmed gender-specific disparities in the associations of SES with obesity and BMI among adult Korean population. Focusing on intervention for health-related behaviors may be effective to reduce social inequalities in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shreela V Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Iacobelli S, Robillard PY, Gouyon JB, Nichols M, Boukerrou M, Barau G, Bonsante F. Longitudinal health outcome and wellbeing of mother-infant pairs after adolescent pregnancy in Reunion Island, Indian Ocean. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014; 125:44-8. [PMID: 24461465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate longitudinal care needs and health service access among mother-infant pairs after adolescent pregnancy. METHODS In a case-control study, data were analyzed from primiparous adolescent and adult mother-infant pairs who delivered at Reunion Island University Hospital, France, between January 2004 and December 2006, and were followed-up from maternity discharge until December 2011. Infant outcomes were hospitalization during the first 2 years of life, hospital access for "non-medical" reasons, and neuropsychiatric care. Maternal outcomes were number of pregnancies and childbirths, rapid repeat pregnancy (RRP) rate, pregnancy morbidities, and use of health services. RESULTS Data from 476 cases and 476 controls were analyzed. Adolescent and control offspring did not differ in the measured outcomes. Adolescent and control mothers had, respectively, 2.4 ± 1.3 and 1.9 ± 1.1 pregnancies; 1.9 ± 0.8 and 1.6 ± 0.7 childbirths; and RRP rates of 7.6% and 2.7% (all P<0.001). Adolescents had less pregnancy-related pathologies at the index pregnancy and more frequently had natural deliveries (P<0.05). Younger mothers exhibited higher rates (19.7% versus 6.9%, P=0.001) of care for psychosocial reasons (suicide attempt, acute alcohol or drug intoxication, road accident, psychiatric problems, physical abuse). CONCLUSION Concerns arise from the long-term psychosocial risk among adolescent mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Iacobelli
- Neonatology and NICU, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France; Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien, CHU La Réunion, Saint Pierre, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Robillard
- Neonatology and NICU, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France; Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien, CHU La Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Gouyon
- Neonatology and NICU, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France; Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien, CHU La Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Marine Nichols
- Maternity Department, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Malik Boukerrou
- Maternity Department, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Georges Barau
- Maternity Department, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France
| | - Francesco Bonsante
- Neonatology and NICU, La Réunion University Hospital, Saint Pierre, France; Centre d'Etudes Périnatales de l'Océan Indien, CHU La Réunion, Saint Pierre, France
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