151
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Abdel-Daim A, Ohura K, Imai T. A novel quantification method for serine hydrolases in cellular expression system using fluorophosphonate-biotin probe. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:267-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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152
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De Vitis V, Nakhnoukh C, Pinto A, Contente ML, Barbiroli A, Milani M, Bolognesi M, Molinari F, Gourlay LJ, Romano D. A stereospecific carboxyl esterase from Bacillus coagulans hosting nonlipase activity within a lipase-like fold. FEBS J 2018; 285:903-914. [PMID: 29278448 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microbial carboxylesterases are important biocatalysts that selectively hydrolyze an extensive range of esters. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of an atypical carboxylesterase from Bacillus coagulans (BCE), endowed with high enantioselectivity toward different 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (IPG or solketal) esters. BCE efficiently catalyzes the production of enantiopure (S)-IPG, a chiral building block for the synthesis of β-blockers, glycerophospholipids, and prostaglandins; efficient hydrolysis was observed up to 65 °C. To gain insight into the mechanistic bases of such enantioselectivity, we solved the crystal structures of BCE in apo- and glycerol-bound forms at resolutions of 1.9 and 1.8 Å, respectively. In silico docking studies on the BCE structure confirmed that IPG esters with small acyl chains (≤ C6) were easily accommodated in the active site pocket, indicating that small conformational changes are necessary to accept longer substrates. Furthermore, docking studies suggested that enantioselectivity may be due to an improved stabilization of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate for the S-enantiomer. Contrary to the above functional data implying nonlipolytic functions, BCE displays a lipase-like 3D structure that hosts a "lid" domain capping the main entrance to the active site. In lipases the lid mediates catalysis through interfacial activation, a process that we did not observe for BCE. Overall, we present the functional-structural properties of an atypical carboxyl esterase that has nonlipase-like functions, yet possesses a lipase-like 3D fold. Our data provide original enzymatic information in view of BCE applications as an inexpensive, efficient biocatalyst for the production of enantiopure (S)-IPG. DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org) under accession numbers 5O7G (apo-BCE) and 5OLU (glycerol-bound BCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio De Vitis
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Martina L Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Milani
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council c/o, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Biophysics Institute, National Research Council c/o, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.,Pediatric Research Center "Romeo e Enrica Invernizzi", Cryo Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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153
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Chen F, Zhang B, Parker RB, Laizure SC. Clinical implications of genetic variation in carboxylesterase drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:131-142. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1420164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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154
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Sedgwick AC, Wu L, Han HH, Bull SD, He XP, James TD, Sessler JL, Tang BZ, Tian H, Yoon J. Excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescence sensors and imaging agents. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8842-8880. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We review recent advances in the design and application of excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer (ESIPT) based fluorescent probes. These sensors and imaging agents (probes) are important in biology, physiology, pharmacology, and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Luling Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Hai-Hao Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | | | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences
| | | | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST)
- Clear Water Bay
- Kowloon
- China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
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155
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Wu XM, Xu BY, Si FL, Li J, Yan ZT, Yan ZW, He X, Chen B. Identification of carboxylesterase genes associated with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:159-169. [PMID: 28731595 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CCEs) are one of three large detoxification enzyme families. Some CCEs are active on synthetic insecticides with ester structures. Anopheles sinensis is an important malaria vector in eastern Asia. This study identified and characterized the CCE genes in the A. sinensis genome and determined CCE genes associated with pyrethroid resistance using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in A. sinensis from Anhui, Chongqing, and Yunnan in China. RESULTS Fifty-seven putative CCEs were identified and placed into three classes, 12 subfamilies and 14 clades through phylogenetic and homology analyses. Exon sizes ranged from 31 to 4317 bp, with 49 CCEs having two to five exons and eight having six to 11 exons. A total of 183 introns were recognized with sizes ranging from 31 to 4317 bp. The 57 CCEs were located on 14 scaffolds, with 70% located on four scaffolds. The alpha-esterase subfamily was significantly expanded compared with that of Anopheles gambiae. In a pyrethroid-resistant strain, RNA-seq detected five upregulated CCE genes and qRT-PCR detected 12 upregulated CCE genes. The α-esterase 10 (AsAe10) and acetylcholinesterase 1 (AsAce1) genes were the main CCE genes associated with pyrethroid resistance. CONCLUSION This information will be useful for further study of the CCE gene family and pyrethroid resistance mechanisms mediated by CCEs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo-Ying Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng-Ling Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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156
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Gong YH, Ai GM, Li M, Shi XY, Diao QY, Gao XW. Functional characterization of carboxylesterase gene mutations involved in Aphis gossypii resistance to organophosphate insecticides. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:702-714. [PMID: 28799241 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play an important role in detoxifying insecticides in insects. Over-expression and structural modification of CarEs have been implicated in the development of organophosphate (OP) insecticide resistance in insects. A previous study identified four nonsynonymous mutations (resulting in four amino acid residue substitutions) in the open reading frame of the carboxylesterase gene of resistant cotton aphids compared to the omethoate susceptible strain, which has possibly influenced the development of resistance to omethoate (a systemic OP insecticide). The current study further characterized the function of these mutations, both alone and in combination, in the hydrolysis of OP insecticides. The metabolism results suggest that the combination of four mutations, mainly existing in the laboratory-selected OP-resistant cotton aphid population, increased the OP hydrolase activity (approximately twofold) at the cost of detectable carboxylesterase activity. The functional studies of single or multiple mutations suggest the positive effect of H104R, A128V and T333P on the acquisition of OP hydrolase activity, especially the combination of H104R with A128V or T333P. K484R substitution decreased both the OP hydrolase activity and the CarE activity, indicating that this mutation primarily drives the negative effect on the acquisition of OP hydrolase activity amongst these four mutations in the resistant strain. The modelling and docking results are basically consistent with the metabolic results, which strongly suggest that the structural gene modification is the molecular basis for the OP resistance in this laboratory-selected cotton aphid strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Gong
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - G-M Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Li
- University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - X-Y Shi
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Q-Y Diao
- Department of Honeybee Protection and Biosafety, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - X-W Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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157
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Albrecht D, Ellis D, Canafax D, Combs D, Druzgala P, Milner P, Midei M. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tecarfarin, a novel vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:706-717. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SummaryTecarfarin is a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) with reduced propensity for drug interactions. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and safety of tecarfarin, we performed single ascending dose (SAD) (n=66), multiple ascending dose (MAD) (n=43), and tecarfarin versus warfarin (n=28) studies in human volunteers. In the SAD, tecarfarin was administered to 5 of 6 subjects (1 received placebo) in each of 11 cohorts. AUC0-∞ exhibited linearity and dose proportionality. Elimination T1/2 ranged from 87–136 hours (h) across all doses. In the MAD, tecarfarin was administered to 5 of 6 volunteers in each of 7 cohorts. The starting dose was continued until the subject’s INR reached the target range (TR) of 1.7 to 2.0. Dosing was down-titrated if the TR was achieved. Elimination T1/2 ranged from 107–140 h. Doses <10 mg had insignificant effect on INR. Higher doses raised INRs and required down-titration to maintain the TR. Steady state INR dosing was 10–20 mg. INR declined promptly after discontinuation. In the comparative study, subjects received tecarfarin or warfarin and dose titrated to a TR of 1.5–2.0. Mean dose after TR was achieved was 13.9 mg (range 10.0–25.5 mg) for tecarfarin and 5.3 mg (range 2.5–9.0 mg) for warfarin. At similar INR levels, the concentration of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X were similar for tecarfarin and warfarin. Tecarfarin was tolerated well without serious adverse events in all three studies.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
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158
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Hermant P, Bosc D, Piveteau C, Gealageas R, Lam B, Ronco C, Roignant M, Tolojanahary H, Jean L, Renard PY, Lemdani M, Bourotte M, Herledan A, Bedart C, Biela A, Leroux F, Deprez B, Deprez-Poulain R. Controlling Plasma Stability of Hydroxamic Acids: A MedChem Toolbox. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9067-9089. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hermant
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Bosc
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Piveteau
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ronan Gealageas
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - BaoVy Lam
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Roignant
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hasina Tolojanahary
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Lemdani
- Univ. Lille, EA
2694, Santé Publique: Épidémiologie et Qualité
des Soins, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marilyne Bourotte
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Adrien Herledan
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Corentin Bedart
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Biela
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Leroux
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Deprez-Poulain
- Univ. Lille Nord
de France, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1177, Drugs and Molecules
for Living Systems, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75231, Paris, France
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159
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Kodani SD, Barthélemy M, Kamita SG, Hammock B, Morisseau C. Development of amide-based fluorescent probes for selective measurement of carboxylesterase 1 activity in tissue extracts. Anal Biochem 2017; 539:81-89. [PMID: 29054529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases are well known for their role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. However, recent studies have also implicated carboxylesterases in regulating a number of physiological processes including metabolic homeostasis and macrophage development, underlying the need to quantify them individually. Unfortunately, current methods for selectively measuring the catalytic activity of individual carboxylesterases are not sufficiently sensitive to support many biological studies. In order to develop a more sensitive and selective method to measure the activity of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1), we generated and tested novel substrates with a fluorescent aminopyridine leaving group. hCE1 showed at least a 10-fold higher preference for the optimized substrate 4-MOMMP than the 13 other esterases tested. Because of the high stability of 4-MOMMP and its hydrolysis product, this substrate can be used to measure esterase activity over extended incubation periods yielding a low picogram (femtomol) limit of detection. This sensitivity is comparable to current ELISA methods; however, the new assay quantifies only the catalytically active enzyme facilitating direct correlation to biological processes. The method described herein may allow hCE1 activity to be used as a biomarker for predicting drug pharmacokinetics, early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma, and other disease states where the activity of hCE1 is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Morgane Barthélemy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shizuo G Kamita
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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160
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Yoshida T, Fukami T, Kurokawa T, Gotoh S, Oda A, Nakajima M. Difference in substrate specificity of carboxylesterase and arylacetamide deacetylase between dogs and humans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:167-176. [PMID: 28966098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) are the major enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of various clinical drugs. Our recent study demonstrated that the identity of the responsible hydrolase can be roughly surmised based on the chemical structures of compounds in humans. Dogs are used for preclinical studies in drug development, but the substrate specificities of dog CES and AADAC remain to be clarified. The purpose of this study is to characterize their substrate specificities. We prepared recombinant dog CES1, CES2, and AADAC. p-Nitrophenyl acetate, a general substrate for esterases, was hydrolyzed by dog CES1 and AADAC, while it was not hydrolyzed by CES2. CES2 protein was not substantially detected in the recombinant system or in the dog liver and intestinal microsomes by Western blot using anti-human CES2 antibodies. In silico analyses demonstrated slight differences in the three-dimensional structures of dog CES2 and human CES2, indicating that dog CES2 might be unstable or inactive. By evaluating the hydrolase activities of 22 compounds, which are known to be substrates of human CES and/or AADAC, we found that the activities of dog recombinant CES1 and AADAC as well as dog tissue preparations for nearly all compounds were lower than those of human enzymes. The dog enzymes that were responsible for the hydrolysis of most compounds corresponded to the human enzymes, but the following differences were observed: oseltamivir, irinotecan, and rifampicin were not hydrolyzed in the dog liver or by any of the recombinant esterases and procaine, a human CES2 substrate, was hydrolyzed by dog CES1. In conclusion, the present study could provide new finding to facilitate our understanding of species differences in drug hydrolysis, which can facilitate drug development and drug safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoshida
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Takaya Kurokawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Saki Gotoh
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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161
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Mumtaz N, Jimmerson LC, Bushman LR, Kiser JJ, Aron G, Reusken CBEM, Koopmans MPG, van Kampen JJA. Cell-line dependent antiviral activity of sofosbuvir against Zika virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:161-163. [PMID: 28912011 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and its association with fetal and neurological complications has shown the need to develop a treatment. Repurposing of drugs that are already FDA approved or in clinical development may shorten drug development timelines in case of emerging viral diseases like ZIKV. Initial studies have shown conflicting results when testing sofosbuvir developed for treatment of infections with another Flaviviridae virus, hepatitis C virus. We hypothesized that the conflicting results could be explained by differences in intracellular processing of the compound. We assessed the antiviral activity of sofosbuvir and mericitabine against ZIKV using Vero, A549, and Huh7 cells and measured the level of the active sofosbuvir metabolite by mass spectrometry. Mericitabine did not show activity, while sofosbuvir inhibited ZIKV with an IC50 of ∼4 μM, but only in Huh7 cells. This correlated with differences in intracellular concentration of the active triphosphate metabolite of sofosbuvir, GS-461203 or 007-TP, which was 11-342 times higher in Huh7 cells compared to Vero and A549 cells. These results show that a careful selection of cell system for repurposing trials of prodrugs is needed for evaluation of antiviral activity. Furthermore, the intracellular levels of 007-TP in tissues and cell types that support ZIKV replication in vivo should be determined to further investigate the potential of sofosbuvir as anti-ZIKV compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Mumtaz
- Department of Viroscience, Unit Clinical Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leah C Jimmerson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Lane R Bushman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kiser
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - Georgina Aron
- Department of Viroscience, Unit Clinical Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal B E M Reusken
- Department of Viroscience, Unit Clinical Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Unit Clinical Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J A van Kampen
- Department of Viroscience, Unit Clinical Virology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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162
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Puris E, Gynther M, Huttunen J, Petsalo A, Huttunen KM. L-type amino acid transporter 1 utilizing prodrugs: How to achieve effective brain delivery and low systemic exposure of drugs. J Control Release 2017; 261:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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163
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Xiao FY, Luo JQ, Liu M, Chen BL, Cao S, Liu ZQ, Zhou HH, Zhou G, Zhang W. Effect of carboxylesterase 1 S75N on clopidogrel therapy among acute coronary syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7244. [PMID: 28775293 PMCID: PMC5543069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) hydrolyzes the prodrug clopidogrel to an inactive carboxylic acid metabolite. The effects of CES1 S75N (rs2307240,C>T) on clopidogrel response among 851 acute coronary syndrome patients who came from the north, central and south of China were studied. The occurrence ratios of each endpoint in the CC group were significantly higher than in the CT + TT group for cerebrovascular events (14% vs 4.8%, p < 0.001, OR = 0.31), acute myocardial infarction (15.1% vs 6.1%, p < 0.001, OR = 0.37) and unstable angina (62.8% vs 37.7%, p < 0.001, OR = 0.36). The results showed that there was a significant association between CES1 S75N (rs2307240) and the outcome of clopidogrel therapy. Moreover, the frequency of the T allele of rs2307240 in acute coronary syndrome patients (MAF = 0.22) was more than four times higher than that in the general public (MAF = 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Yan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Quan Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of cardiovascular, Zhengzhou central hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bi-Lian Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.
- National institution of drug clinical trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China.
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164
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Ferrero-Miliani L, Bjerre D, Stage C, Madsen MB, Jűrgens G, Dalhoff KP, Rasmussen HB. Reappraisal of the genetic diversity and pharmacogenetic assessment of CES1. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1241-1257. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The CES1 gene encodes a hydrolase that metabolizes important drugs. Variants generated by exchange of segments with CES1P1 complicate genotyping of CES1. Using a highly specific procedure we examined DNA samples from 200 Caucasians and identified 46 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CES1 and 21 SNVs in CES1A2, a hybrid composed of CES1 and CES1P1. Several of these SNVs were novel. The frequencies of SNVs with a potential functional impact were below 0.02 suggesting limited pharmacogenetic potential for CES1 genotyping. In silico PCR revealed that the majority of the primer pairs for amplification of CES1 or CES1A2 in three previous studies lacked specificity, which partially explains a limited overlap with our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferrero-Miliani
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ditte Bjerre
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Claus Stage
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gesche Jűrgens
- Clinical Pharmacological Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kim Peder Dalhoff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Science & Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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165
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Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological activity of polyfluoroalkyl dihydroazolo[5,1- c ][1,2,4]triazines as selective carboxylesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3997-4007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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166
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Miners JO, Yang X, Knights KM, Zhang L. The Role of the Kidney in Drug Elimination: Transport, Metabolism, and the Impact of Kidney Disease on Drug Clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:436-449. [PMID: 28599065 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the identification and characterization of renal drug transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes has led to greater understanding of their roles in drug and chemical elimination and in modulation of the intrarenal exposure and response to drugs, nephrotoxic compounds, and physiological mediators. Furthermore, there is increasing awareness of the potential importance of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) arising from inhibition of renal transporters, and regulatory agencies now provide recommendations for the evaluation of transporter-mediated DDIs. Apart from the well-recognized effects of kidney disease on renal drug clearance, there is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that the nonrenal clearances of drugs eliminated by certain transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes are decreased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Based on these observations, renal impairment guidance documents of regulatory agencies recommend pharmacokinetic characterization of both renally cleared and nonrenally cleared drugs in CKD patients to inform possible dosage adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University School of Medicine, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - X Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - K M Knights
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University School of Medicine, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L Zhang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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167
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Stage C, Jürgens G, Guski LS, Thomsen R, Bjerre D, Ferrero-Miliani L, Lyauk YK, Rasmussen HB, Dalhoff K. The Pharmacokinetics of Enalapril in Relation to CES1
Genotype in Healthy Danish Volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Stage
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| | - Gesche Jürgens
- Clinical Pharmacological Unit; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Louise Schow Guski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital; Copenhagen NV Denmark
| | - Ragnar Thomsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ditte Bjerre
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry; Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans; Copenhagen University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Laura Ferrero-Miliani
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry; Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans; Copenhagen University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Yassine Kamal Lyauk
- Clinical Pharmacological Unit; Zealand University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry; Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans; Copenhagen University Hospital; Roskilde Denmark
| | - Kim Dalhoff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital; Copenhagen NV Denmark
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168
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Anti-Tumor Activity and Immunotherapeutic Potential of a Bisphosphonate Prodrug. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5987. [PMID: 28729550 PMCID: PMC5519590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates have benefits in breast cancer and multiple myeloma patients and have been used with adoptive immunotherapy with γδ T cells expressing Vγ2 Vδ2 TCRs. Although treatment with γδ T cells is safe, it has shown limited efficacy. Present bisphosphonates stimulate γδ T cells but were designed to inhibit bone resorption rather than treating cancer and have limited oral absorption, tumor cell entry, and cause bone side effects. The development of phosphate and phosphonate nucleotide prodrugs has led to important drugs for hepatitis C and HIV. Using a similar approach, we synthesized bisphosphonate prodrugs and found that they efficiently limit tumor cell growth. Pivoxil bisphosphonate esters enter cells where esterases convert them to their active acids. The bisphosphonate esters stimulated γδ T cells to secrete TNF-α in response to a variety of tumor cells more efficiently than their corresponding acids. The most active compound, tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino)ethylidene-1,1- bisphosphonate (7), specifically expanded γδ T cells and stimulated them to secrete interferon-γ and kill tumor cells. In preclinical studies, combination therapy with compound 7 and γδ T cells prolonged survival of mice inoculated with either human bladder cancer or fibrosarcoma cells. Therefore, bisphosphonate prodrugs could enhance the effectiveness of adoptive cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells.
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169
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Lian J, Nelson R, Lehner R. Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism: from mouse to human. Protein Cell 2017; 9:178-195. [PMID: 28677105 PMCID: PMC5818367 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian carboxylesterases hydrolyze a wide range of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, including lipid esters. Physiological functions of carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in vivo have been demonstrated by genetic manipulations and chemical inhibition in mice, and in vitro through (over)expression, knockdown of expression, and chemical inhibition in a variety of cells. Recent research advances have revealed the relevance of carboxylesterases to metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver disease, suggesting these enzymes might be potential targets for treatment of metabolic disorders. In order to translate pre-clinical studies in cellular and mouse models to humans, differences and similarities of carboxylesterases between mice and human need to be elucidated. This review presents and discusses the research progress in structure and function of mouse and human carboxylesterases, and the role of these enzymes in lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Lian
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Randal Nelson
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Lehner
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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170
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Zou LW, Dou TY, Wang P, Lei W, Weng ZM, Hou J, Wang DD, Fan YM, Zhang WD, Ge GB, Yang L. Structure-Activity Relationships of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids as Potent and Selective Inhibitors against Human Carboxylesterase 1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:435. [PMID: 28713276 PMCID: PMC5491650 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1), one of the most important serine hydrolases distributed in liver and adipocytes, plays key roles in endobiotic homeostasis and xenobiotic metabolism. This study aimed to find potent and selective inhibitors against hCE1 from phytochemicals and their derivatives. To this end, a series of natural triterpenoids were collected and their inhibitory effects against human carboxylesterases (hCEs) were assayed using D-Luciferin methyl ester (DME) and 6,8-dichloro-9,9-dimethyl-7-oxo-7,9-dihydroacridin-2-yl benzoate (DDAB) as specific optical substrate for hCE1, and hCE2, respectively. Following screening of a series of natural triterpenoids, oleanolic acid (OA), and ursolic acid (UA) were found with strong inhibitory effects on hCE1 and relative high selectivity over hCE2. In order to get the highly selective and potent inhibitors of hCE1, a series of OA and UA derivatives were synthesized from OA and UA by chemical modifications including oxidation, reduction, esterification, and amidation. The inhibitory effects of these derivatives on hCEs were assayed and the structure-activity relationships of tested triterpenoids as hCE1 inhibitors were carefully investigated. The results demonstrated that the carbonyl group at the C-28 site is essential for hCE1 inhibition, the modifications of OA or UA at this site including esters, amides and alcohols are unbeneficial for hCE1 inhibition. In contrast, the structural modifications on OA and UA at other sites, such as converting the C-3 hydroxy group to 3-O-β-carboxypropionyl (compounds 20 and 22), led to a dramatically increase of the inhibitory effects against hCE1 and very high selectivity over hCE2. 3D-QSAR analysis of all tested triterpenoids including OA and UA derivatives provide new insights into the fine relationships linking between the inhibitory effects on hCE1 and the steric-electrostatic properties of triterpenoids. Furthermore, both inhibition kinetic analyses and docking simulations demonstrated that compound 22 was a potent competitive inhibitor against hCE1-mediated DME hydrolysis. All these findings are very helpful for medicinal chemists to design and develop highly selective and more potent hCE1 inhibitors for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of TechnologyPanjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China.,Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zi-Miao Weng
- Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Biotechnology Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of TechnologyPanjin, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai, China
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171
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Huo YY, Li S, Huang J, Rong Z, Wang Z, Li Z, Ji R, Kuang S, Cui HL, Li J, Xu XW. Crystal structure of Pelagibacterium halotolerans PE8: New insight into its substrate-binding pattern. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4422. [PMID: 28667306 PMCID: PMC5493697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipase_carboxylesterase (LPCE) has highly conserved homologs in many diverse species ranging from bacteria to humans, as well as substantial biological significance and potential therapeutic implications. However, its biological function and catalytic mechanism remain minimally investigated because of the lack of structural information. Here, we report the crystal structure of a bacterial esterase PE8 belonging to the LPCE family. The crystal structure of PE8 was solved with a high resolution of 1.66 Å. Compared with other homologs in the family, significant differences were observed in the amino acid sequence, three-dimensional structure, and substrate-binding pattern. Residue Arg79 undergoes configuration switching when binding to the substrate and forms a unique wall, leading to a relatively closed cavity in the substrate-binding pocket compared with the relatively more open and longer clefts in other homologs. Moreover, the mutant Met122Ala showed much stronger substrate affinity and higher catalytic efficiency because less steric repulsion acted on the substrates. Taken together, these results showed that, in PE8, Arg79 and Met122 play important roles in substrate binding and the binding pocket shaping, respectively. Our study provides new insight into the catalytic mechanism of LPCE, which may facilitate the development of structure-based therapeutics and other biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Huo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Suhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Siyun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Heng-Lin Cui
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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172
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Oh J, Lee S, Lee H, Cho JY, Yoon SH, Jang IJ, Yu KS, Lim KS. The novel carboxylesterase 1 variant c.662A>G may decrease the bioactivation of oseltamivir in humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176320. [PMID: 28437488 PMCID: PMC5402961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a serine esterase that hydrolyses various exogenous and endogenous compounds including oseltamivir, a prodrug used to treat influenza. A novel CES1 c.662A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was predicted to decrease CES1 enzymatic activity in an in silico analysis. This study evaluated the effect of the c.662A>G SNP on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oseltamivir in humans. Methods A single oral dose of oseltamivir at 75 mg was administered to 20 healthy subjects, 8 heterozygous c.662A>G carriers (c.662AG) and 12 non-carriers (c.662AA). The concentrations of oseltamivir and its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate, were measured in plasma and urine using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The PK parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental method. The geometric mean ratios (GMR, c.662AG to c.662AA) of the PK parameters and their 90% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results The systemic exposure to oseltamivir, as assessed by the AUC0-48h of oseltamivir, was increased by 10% in c.662AG subjects, whereas the AUC0-48h of oseltamivir carboxylate was 5% lower in c.662AG subjects. The GMR and 90% CI of the metabolic ratio (AUC0-48h, Oseltamivir carboxylate/AUC0-48h, Oseltamivir) was 0.87 (0.66–1.14). The amount of unchanged oseltamivir excreted in the urine was increased by 15% in subjects with the c.662AG genotype. Conclusions This result suggests that CES1 enzymatic activity may be decreased in these heterozygous allele carriers, although further studies are warranted to investigate the clinical implications of this genetic variation on CES1 substrate drugs. Trial registration ClinicalTtrials.gov NCT01902342
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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173
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The novel nematicide wact-86 interacts with aldicarb to kill nematodes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005502. [PMID: 28379972 PMCID: PMC5393889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes negatively impact human and animal health worldwide. The market withdrawal of nematicidal agents due to unfavourable toxicities has limited the available treatment options. In principle, co-administering nematicides at lower doses along with molecules that potentiate their activity could mitigate adverse toxicities without compromising efficacy. Here, we screened for new small molecules that interact with aldicarb, which is a highly effective treatment for plant-parasitic nematodes whose toxicity hampers its utility. From our collection of 638 worm-bioactive compounds, we identified 20 molecules that interact positively with aldicarb to either kill or arrest the growth of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We investigated the mechanism of interaction between aldicarb and one of these novel nematicides called wact-86. We found that the carboxylesterase enzyme GES-1 hydrolyzes wact-86, and that the interaction is manifested by aldicarb’s inhibition of wact-86’s metabolism by GES-1. This work demonstrates the utility of C. elegans as a platform to search for new molecules that can positively interact with industrial nematicides, and provides proof-of-concept for prospective discovery efforts. Many nematicides that have been used to kill plant and animal parasitic nematodes are being phased out over concerns of toxicity to humans. One potential solution to reduce toxicity is to use the nematicide at a lower concentration in combination with a second compound that together will produce a synergistic killing effect. That is, the use of either molecule alone at low concentrations is non-lethal, but when used together at these same concentrations, the cocktail is lethal. This strategy has two benefits. First, the killing effect is concentrated at the site of use and as the two molecules diffuse from the targeted site, toxicity is negated. Second, less of the toxic molecule is needed and therefore less is dispersed into the environment. Here, we describe our use of a model nematode called C. elegans to search for molecules that interact with aldicarb, which is one of the nematicides being phased out by environmental agencies. We identified 20 compounds that interact with aldicarb and describe how one of these, called wact-86, functions with aldicarb to kill worms. Our work provides proof-of-principle that C. elegans is a useful model for identifying compounds that positively interact with industrial nematicides and for understanding the nature of such interactions.
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174
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Kabeya T, Matsumura W, Iwao T, Hosokawa M, Matsunaga T. Functional analysis of carboxylesterase in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived enterocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:143-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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175
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Jang K, Kim MK, Oh J, Lee S, Cho JY, Yu KS, Choi TK, Lee SH, Lim KS. Effects of dexamethasone coadministered with oseltamivir on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in healthy volunteers. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:705-711. [PMID: 28331290 PMCID: PMC5352149 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s124307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oseltamivir is widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A and B viral infections. It is ingested as an oral prodrug that is rapidly metabolized by carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) to its active form, oseltamivir carboxylate. Dexamethasone is also used in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe complication of influenza; however, its influence on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oseltamivir is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coadministering oseltamivir and dexamethasone on the PK of oseltamivir in healthy volunteers. Methods An open-label, two-period, one-sequence, multiple-dose study was conducted in 19 healthy male volunteers. Oseltamivir (75 mg) was orally administered on Day 1 and Day 8, and dexamethasone (1.5 mg) was administered once daily from Day 3 to Day 8. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for PK analysis of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate on Day 1 and Day 8. Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate concentrations in plasma and urine were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate decreased after dexamethasone treatment for 6 days. The geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of the metabolic ratio (oseltamivir carboxylate AUC0–48h/oseltamivir AUC0–48h) was 0.92 (0.87–0.97). The amount of unchanged oseltamivir excreted in urine increased by 14% after dexamethasone treatments. Conclusion Coadministration of dexamethasone with oseltamivir slightly decreased systemic exposure to oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate in healthy volunteers. This result suggests that CES1 is inhibited by dexamethasone in humans. However, coadministration of oseltamivir and dexamethasone did not appear to have a clinically relevant effect on the PK of oseltamivir; based on these results, dexamethasone can be coadministered with oseltamivir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul; Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Oh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul
| | | | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Wang DD, Zou LW, Jin Q, Hou J, Ge GB, Yang L. Recent progress in the discovery of natural inhibitors against human carboxylesterases. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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In Vitro – In Vivo Extrapolation of Intestinal Availability for Carboxylesterase Substrates Using Portal Vein–Cannulated Monkey. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:898-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stage C, Jürgens G, Guski LS, Thomsen R, Bjerre D, Ferrero-Miliani L, Lyauk YK, Rasmussen HB, Dalhoff K. The impact of CES1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate in healthy Danish subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1506-1514. [PMID: 28087982 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the influence of CES1 variations, including the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs71647871 (G143E) and variation in copy number, on the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of 10 mg methylphenidate. METHODS CES1 genotype was obtained from 200 healthy Danish Caucasian volunteers. Based on the genotype, 44 (19 males and 25 females) were invited to participate in an open, prospective trial involving six predefined genotypes: three groups with two, three and four CES1 copies, respectively; a group of carriers of the CES1 143E allele; a group of individuals homozygous for CES1A1c (CES1VAR); and a group having three CES1 copies, in which the duplication, CES1A2, had increased transcriptional activity. Plasma concentrations of methylphenidate and its primary metabolites were determined at scheduled time points. RESULTS Median AUC of d-methylphenidate was significantly larger in the group carrying the 143E allele (53.3 ng ml-1 h-1 , range 38.6-93.9) than in the control group (21.4 ng ml-1 h-1 , range 15.7-34.9) (P < 0.0001). Median AUC of d-methylphenidate was significantly larger in the group with four CES1 copies (34.5 ng ml-1 h-1 , range 21.3-62.8) than in the control group (P = 0.01) and the group with three CES1 copies (23.8 ng ml-1 h-1 , range 15.3-32.0, P = 0.03). There was no difference between the groups with two and three copies of CES1. CONCLUSIONS The 143E allele resulted in an increased AUC, suggesting a significantly decreased CES1 enzyme activity. Surprisingly, this was also the case in subjects with homozygous duplication of CES1, perhaps reflecting an undiscovered mutation affecting the activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Stage
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gesche Jürgens
- Clinical Pharmacological Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Louise Schow Guski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ragnar Thomsen
- Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Bjerre
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Ferrero-Miliani
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yassine Kamal Lyauk
- Clinical Pharmacological Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Dalhoff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lei W, Wang DD, Dou TY, Hou J, Feng L, Yin H, Luo Q, Sun J, Ge GB, Yang L. Assessment of the inhibitory effects of pyrethroids against human carboxylesterases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 321:48-56. [PMID: 28242322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are broad-spectrum insecticides that widely used in many countries, while humans may be exposed to these toxins by drinking or eating pesticide-contaminated foods. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of six commonly used pyrethroids against two major human carboxylesterases (CES) including CES1 and CES2. Three optical probe substrates for CES1 (DME, BMBT and DMCB) and a fluorescent probe substrate for CES2 (DDAB) were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of these pyrethroids. The results demonstrated that most of the tested pyrethroids showed moderate to weak inhibitory effects against both CES1 and CES2, but deltamethrin displayed strong inhibition towards CES1. The IC50 values of deltamethrin against CES1-mediated BMBT, DME, and DMCB hydrolysis were determined as 1.58μM, 2.39μM, and 3.3μM, respectively. Moreover, deltamethrin was cell membrane permeable and capable of inhibition endogenous CES1 in living cells. Further investigation revealed that deltamethrin inhibited CES1-mediated BMBT hydrolysis via competitive manner but noncompetitively inhibited DME or DMCB hydrolysis. The inhibition behaviors of deltamethrin against CES1 were also studied by molecular docking simulation. The results demonstrated that CES1 had at least two different ligand-binding sites, one was the DME site and another was the BMBT site which was identical to the binding site of deltamethrin. In summary, deltamethrin was a strong reversible inhibitor against CES1 and it could tightly bind on CES1 at the same ligand-binding site as BMBT. These findings are helpful for the deep understanding of the interactions between xenobiotics and CES1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 110623, China; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tong-Yi Dou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jie Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 110623, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Ma J, Wu S, Zhang X, Guo F, Yang K, Guo J, Su Q, Lu H, Lam P, Li Y, Yan Z, Kinney W, Guo JT, Block TM, Chang J, Du Y. Ester Prodrugs of IHVR-19029 with Enhanced Oral Exposure and Prevention of Gastrointestinal Glucosidase Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:157-162. [PMID: 28197304 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IHVR-19029 (6) is a lead endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II inhibitor, which efficiently protected mice from lethal Ebola and Marburg virus infections via injection route, but suffered from low bioavailability and off-target interactions with gut glucosidases when administered orally. In an effort to improve efficacious exposure levels and avoid side effects, we designed and synthesized ester prodrugs. Not only were the prodrugs stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and were inactive against glucosidases but they also exhibited antiviral activities against dengue virus infection in a cell based assay. Further in vitro evaluation showed that the bioconversion of the prodrugs is species dependent: in mice, the prodrugs were converted to 6 in the plasma and liver; while in human, the conversion occurred mainly in liver. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in mice demonstrated that the tetrabutyrate prodrug 8 achieved the most improved overall exposure of 6 upon both oral and intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Fang Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Katherine Yang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Qing Su
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Huagang Lu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Patrick Lam
- Lam Drug Discovery Consulting LLC, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyin Yan
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William Kinney
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Timothy M. Block
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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182
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Tseng YW, Lin CY, Tsai CL, Chou TY, Hung CH, Kuo CH, Lai SC, Tzeng YJ. Carboxylesterase 2 Is a Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Synthase. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Tseng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Yu Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Tsai
- Suntec Medical, Inc.; 28 F., No. 27-2, Sec. 2, Zhongzheng E. Rd. Tamsui Dist. New Taipei City 251 Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Yung Chou
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology; Tzu-Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huang Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy; National Taiwan University; No.33, Linsen S. Rd. Taipei City 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chi Lai
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine; Buddhist Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital; No.707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97002 Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Buddhist Hualien Tzu Chi General Hospital; No.707, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97002 Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jeh Tzeng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
- Department of Life Science; Tzu Chi University; No.701, Sec. 3, Chung-Yang Rd. Hualien City 97004 Taiwan
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183
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Design of a 15N Molecular Unit to Achieve Long Retention of Hyperpolarized Spin State. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40104. [PMID: 28067292 PMCID: PMC5220364 DOI: 10.1038/srep40104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization is a phenomenon that can be used to improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance molecular sensors. However, such sensors typically suffer from short hyperpolarization lifetime. Herein we report that [15N, D14]trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) has a remarkably long spin–lattice relaxation time (1128 s, 14.1 T, 30 °C, D2O) on its 15N nuclei and achieves a long retention of the hyperpolarized state. [15N, D14]TMPA-based hyperpolarized sensor for carboxylesterase allowed the highly sensitive analysis of enzymatic reaction by 15N NMR for over 40 min in phophate-buffered saline (H2O, pH 7.4, 37 °C).
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184
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Nomura T. Function and application of a non-ester-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase discovered in tulip. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:81-94. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1240608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plants have evolved secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways of immense rich diversity. The genes encoding enzymes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis have evolved through gene duplication followed by neofunctionalization, thereby generating functional diversity. Emerging evidence demonstrates that some of those enzymes catalyze reactions entirely different from those usually catalyzed by other members of the same family; e.g. transacylation catalyzed by an enzyme similar to a hydrolytic enzyme. Tuliposide-converting enzyme (TCE), which we recently discovered from tulip, catalyzes the conversion of major defensive secondary metabolites, tuliposides, to antimicrobial tulipalins. The TCEs belong to the carboxylesterase family in the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily, and specifically catalyze intramolecular transesterification, but not hydrolysis. This non-ester-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase is an example of an enzyme showing catalytic properties that are unpredictable from its primary structure. This review describes the biochemical and physiological aspects of tulipalin biogenesis, and the diverse functions of plant carboxylesterases in the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Nomura
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
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185
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Grumet L, Taschler U, Lass A. Hepatic Retinyl Ester Hydrolases and the Mobilization of Retinyl Ester Stores. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010013. [PMID: 28035980 PMCID: PMC5295057 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For mammals, vitamin A (retinol and metabolites) is an essential micronutrient that is required for the maintenance of life. Mammals cannot synthesize vitamin A but have to obtain it from their diet. Resorbed dietary vitamin A is stored in large quantities in the form of retinyl esters (REs) in cytosolic lipid droplets of cells to ensure a constant supply of the body. The largest quantities of REs are stored in the liver, comprising around 80% of the body’s total vitamin A content. These hepatic vitamin A stores are known to be mobilized under times of insufficient dietary vitamin A intake but also under pathological conditions such as chronic alcohol consumption and different forms of liver diseases. The mobilization of REs requires the activity of RE hydrolases. It is astounding that despite their physiological significance little is known about their identities as well as about factors or stimuli which lead to their activation and consequently to the mobilization of hepatic RE stores. In this review, we focus on the recent advances for the understanding of hepatic RE hydrolases and discuss pathological conditions which lead to the mobilization of hepatic RE stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Grumet
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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186
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Ozaki H, Sugihara K, Watanabe Y, Moriguchi K, Uramaru N, Sone T, Ohta S, Kitamura S. Comparative study of hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by microsomes of various rat tissues. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:217-224. [PMID: 28007454 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are used in food packaging, and are transferred to foods as contaminants. In this study, we examined the hydrolytic metabolism of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by rat tissue microsomes. We found that carboxylesterase and lipase contribute differently to these activities. When DMP, DBP and DEHP were incubated with rat liver microsomes, DBP was most effectively hydrolyzed to the phthalate monoester, followed by DMP, and the activity toward DEHP was marginal. In contrast, small-intestinal microsomes exhibited relatively higher activity toward long-side-chain phthalates. Pancreatic microsomes showed high activity toward DEHP and DBP. Liver microsomal hydrolase activity toward DMP was markedly inhibited by bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate, and could be extracted with Triton X-100. The activity toward DBP and DEHP was partly inhibited by carboxylesterase inhibitor, and was partly solubilized with Triton X-100. Ces1e, Ces1d and Ces1f expressed in COS cells exhibited the highest hydrolase activity toward DBP, showing a similar pattern to that of liver microsomes. Ces1e showed activity towards DMP and DEHP. Pancreatic lipase also hydrolyzed DBP and DEHP. Thus, carboxylesterase and lipase contribute differently to phthalate hydrolysis: short-side-chain phthalates are mainly hydrolyzed by carboxylesterase and long-side-chain phthalates are mainly hydrolyzed by lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ozaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University, Koshingai 5-1-1, Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0112, Japan
| | - Yoko Watanabe
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kyoko Moriguchi
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Sone
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge-cho 45-1, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kitamura
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Komuro 10281, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
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Malekshah OM, Chen X, Nomani A, Sarkar S, Hatefi A. Enzyme/Prodrug Systems for Cancer Gene Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:299-308. [PMID: 28042530 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of enzyme/prodrug system has gained attention because it could help improve the efficacy and safety of conventional cancer chemotherapies. In this approach, cancer cells are first transfected with a gene that can express an enzyme with ability to convert a non-toxic prodrug into its active cytotoxic form. As a result, the activated prodrug could kill the transfected cancer cells. Despite the significant progress of different suicide gene therapy protocols in preclinical studies and early clinical trials, none has reached the clinic due to several shortcomings. These include slow prodrug-drug conversion rate, low transfection/transduction efficiency of the vectors and nonspecific toxicity/immunogenicity related to the delivery systems, plasmid DNA, enzymes and/or prodrugs. This mini review aims at providing an overview of the most widely used enzyme/prodrug systems with emphasis on reporting the results of the recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obeid M Malekshah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Alireza Nomani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Arash Hatefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
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Yu QY, Fang SM, Zhang Z, Jiggins CD. The transcriptome response ofHeliconius melpomenelarvae to a novel host plant. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4850-65. [PMID: 27572947 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan-You Yu
- School of Life Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
| | - Shou-Min Fang
- College of Life Science; China West Normal University; Nanchang 637002 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Life Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ UK
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Igawa Y, Fujiwara S, Ohura K, Hirokawa T, Nishizawa Y, Uehara S, Uno Y, Imai T. Differences in Intestinal Hydrolytic Activities between Cynomolgus Monkeys and Humans: Evaluation of Substrate Specificities Using Recombinant Carboxylesterase 2 Isozymes. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3176-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Igawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Drug
Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Seiya Fujiwara
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kayoko Ohura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Molecular
Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - You Nishizawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Pharmacokinetics
and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., 16-1
Minami Akasaka, Kainan, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics
and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., 16-1
Minami Akasaka, Kainan, Wakayama 642-0017, Japan
| | - Teruko Imai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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190
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Bendikov MY, Miners JO, Simpson BS, Elliot DJ, Semple SJ, Claudie DJ, McKinnon RA, Gillam EMJ, Sykes MJ. In vitro metabolism of the anti-inflammatory clerodane diterpenoid polyandric acid A and its hydrolysis product by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:461-469. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1203041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Y. Bendikov
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia,
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,
| | - John O. Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia,
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia,
| | - Bradley S. Simpson
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia,
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,
| | - David J. Elliot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia,
| | - Susan J. Semple
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,
| | - David J. Claudie
- Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation, Cairns Mail Centre, Cairns, Australia, and
| | - Ross A. McKinnon
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia,
| | - Elizabeth M. J. Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Sykes
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,
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191
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Amino Acid Promoieties Alter Valproic Acid Pharmacokinetics and Enable Extended Brain Exposure. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2797-2809. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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192
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Tulbah AS, Ong HX, Colombo P, Young PM, Traini D. Could simvastatin be considered as a potential therapy for chronic lung diseases? A debate on the pros and cons. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1407-20. [PMID: 27212150 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1193150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Simvastatin (SV) is a drug from the statin class, currently used orally as an anti-cholesterolemic drug. It inhibits the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis. Recently, it has been found that SV also has several other protective pharmacological actions unrelated to its anti-cholesterol effects that might be beneficial in the treatment of chronic airway diseases. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the evidence relating to SV as a potential anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and muco-inhibitory agent, administered both orally and via pulmonary inhalation, and discusses its pro and cons. Evidence could potentially be used to support the delivery of SV as inhaled formulation for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. EXPERT OPINION The use of SV as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and muco-inhibitory agent for drug delivery to the lung is promising. Inhaled SV formulations could allow the delivery profile to be customized and optimized to take advantage of the rapid onset of action, low systemic side effect and improved physico-chemical stability. This treatment could potentially to be used clinically for the localized treatment of lung diseases where inflammation and oxidative stress production is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Tulbah
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School , Sydney University , Australia.,b Faculty of Pharmacy , Umm Al Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School , Sydney University , Australia
| | - Paolo Colombo
- c Department of Pharmacy , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Paul M Young
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School , Sydney University , Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School , Sydney University , Australia
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193
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Wang X, Wang G, Shi J, Aa J, Comas R, Liang Y, Zhu HJ. CES1 genetic variation affects the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2016; 16:220-30. [PMID: 26076923 PMCID: PMC6329299 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) genetic variation on the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) prodrugs. In vitro incubation study of human liver, intestine and kidney s9 fractions demonstrated that the ACEI prodrugs enalapril, ramipril, perindopril, moexipril and fosinopril are selectively activated by CES1 in the liver. The impact of CES1/CES1VAR and CES1P1/CES1P1VAR genotypes and diplotypes on CES1 expression and activity on enalapril activation was investigated in 102 normal human liver samples. Neither the genotypes nor the diplotypes affected hepatic CES1 expression and activity. Moreover, among several CES1 nonsynonymous variants studied in transfected cell lines, the G143E (rs71647871) was a loss-of-function variant for the activation of all ACEIs tested. The CES1 activity on enalapril activation in human livers with the 143G/E genotype was approximately one-third of that carrying the 143G/G. Thus, some functional CES1 genetic variants (for example, G143E) may impair ACEI activation, and consequently affect therapeutic outcomes of ACEI prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Wang
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiye Aa
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rinelly Comas
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- The Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of clinical, social, and administrative
sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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194
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Hughes MF, Ross DG, Starr JM, Scollon EJ, Wolansky MJ, Crofton KM, DeVito MJ. Environmentally relevant pyrethroid mixtures: A study on the correlation of blood and brain concentrations of a mixture of pyrethroid insecticides to motor activity in the rat. Toxicology 2016; 359-360:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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195
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Park SJ, Lee HW, Kim HR, Kang C, Kim HM. A carboxylesterase-selective ratiometric fluorescent two-photon probe and its application to hepatocytes and liver tissues. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3703-3709. [PMID: 30008999 PMCID: PMC6008934 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc05001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are widely distributed enzymes in the human body that catalyze hydrolysis of various endogenous and exogenous substrates. They are directly linked to hepatic drug metabolisms and steatosis, and their regulations are important issues in pharmacological and clinical applications. In this work, we have developed an emission ratiometric two-photon probe (SE1) for quantitatively detecting CE in situ. This probe is based on a translation of intramolecular charge transfer character upon reaction with CE. It shows a sensitive blue-to-yellow emission change in response to human CE activity, easy loading into cells, insensitivity to pH and other metabolites including ROS and RNS, high photostability, and low cytotoxicity. Using live hepatocytes and liver tissues, we found that ratiometric two-photon microscopic imaging with SE1 is an effective tool for monitoring CE activities at the subcellular level in live tissues. This probe will find useful applications in biomedical research, including studies of hepatic steatosis and drug developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
| | - Hye-Ri Kim
- School of East-West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin 446-701 , Korea .
| | - Chulhun Kang
- School of East-West Medical Science , Kyung Hee University , Yongin 446-701 , Korea .
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Systems Research , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea .
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196
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Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors against human carboxylesterase 2. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:280-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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197
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Dorywalska M, Dushin R, Moine L, Farias SE, Zhou D, Navaratnam T, Lui V, Hasa-Moreno A, Casas MG, Tran TT, Delaria K, Liu SH, Foletti D, O'Donnell CJ, Pons J, Shelton DL, Rajpal A, Strop P. Molecular Basis of Valine-Citrulline-PABC Linker Instability in Site-Specific ADCs and Its Mitigation by Linker Design. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:958-70. [PMID: 26944918 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The degree of stability of antibody-drug linkers in systemic circulation, and the rate of their intracellular processing within target cancer cells are among the key factors determining the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in vivo Previous studies demonstrated the susceptibility of cleavable linkers, as well as auristatin-based payloads, to enzymatic cleavage in rodent plasma. Here, we identify Carboxylesterase 1C as the enzyme responsible for the extracellular hydrolysis of valine-citrulline-p-aminocarbamate (VC-PABC)-based linkers in mouse plasma. We further show that the activity of Carboxylesterase 1C towards VC-PABC-based linkers, and consequently the stability of ADCs in mouse plasma, can be effectively modulated by small chemical modifications to the linker. While the introduced modifications can protect the VC-PABC-based linkers from extracellular cleavage, they do not significantly alter the intracellular linker processing by the lysosomal protease Cathepsin B. The distinct substrate preference of the serum Carboxylesterase 1C offers the opportunity to modulate the extracellular stability of cleavable ADCs without diminishing the intracellular payload release required for ADC efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 958-70. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russell Dushin
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | - Ludivine Moine
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Dahui Zhou
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut
| | | | - Victor Lui
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Thomas-Toan Tran
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kathy Delaria
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Davide Foletti
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jaume Pons
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - David L Shelton
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Pavel Strop
- Rinat Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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198
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Purification of a chymotrypsin-like enzyme present on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms from infected mice and its characterization as a host carboxylesterase. Parasitology 2016; 143:646-57. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYA serine protease-like enzyme found in detergent extracts of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms perfused from infected mice has been purified from mouse blood and further characterized. The enzyme is approximately 85 kDa and hydrolyses N-acetyl-DL-phenylalanine β-naphthyl–ester, a chromogenic substrate for chymotrypsin-like enzymes. The enzyme from S. mansoni worms appears to be antigenically and enzymatically similar to a molecule that is present in normal mouse blood and so is seemingly host-derived. The enzyme was partially purified by depleting normal mouse serum of albumin using sodium chloride and cold ethanol, followed by repeated rounds of purification by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified material was subjected to tandem mass spectrometry and its derived peptides found to belong to mouse carboxylesterase 1C. Its ability to hydrolyse α- or β-naphthyl acetates, which are general esterase substrates, has been confirmed. A similar carboxylesterase was purified and characterized from rat blood. Additional evidence to support identification of the enzyme as a carboxylesterase has been provided. Possible roles of the enzyme in the mouse host–parasite relationship could be to ease the passage of worms through the host's blood vessels and/or in immune evasion.
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199
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Nzabonimpa GS, Rasmussen HB, Brunak S, Taboureau O. Investigating the impact of missense mutations in hCES1 by in silico structure-based approaches. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2016; 31:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmpt-2015-0034/dmpt-2015-0034.xml. [PMID: 26900165 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes have been reported to influence pharmacokinetics, drug dosage, and other aspects that affect therapeutic outcomes. Most particularly, non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) resulting in amino acid changes disrupt potential functional sites responsible for protein activity, structure, or stability, which can account for individual susceptibility to disease and drug response. Investigating the impact of nsSNPs at a protein's structural level is a key step in understanding the relationship between genetic variants and the resulting phenotypic changes. For this purpose, in silico structure-based approaches have proven their relevance in providing an atomic-level description of the underlying mechanisms. The present review focuses on nsSNPs in human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1), an enzyme involved in drug metabolism. We highlight how prioritization of functional nsSNPs through computational prediction techniques in combination with structure-based approaches, namely molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, is a powerful tool in providing insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of nsSNPs phenotypic effects at microscopic level. Examples of in silico studies of carboxylesterases (CESs) are discussed, ranging from exploring the effect of mutations on enzyme activity to predicting the metabolism of new hCES1 substrates as well as to guiding rational design of CES-selective inhibitors.
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200
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Parker RB, Hu ZY, Meibohm B, Laizure SC. Effects of alcohol on human carboxylesterase drug metabolism. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 54:627-38. [PMID: 25511794 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) and human carboxylesterase-2 (CES2) play an important role in metabolizing many medications. Alcohol is a known inhibitor of these enzymes but the relative effect on CES1 and CES2 is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of alcohol on the metabolism of specific probes for CES1 (oseltamivir) and CES2 (aspirin). METHODS The effect of alcohol on CES1- and CES2-mediated probe drug hydrolysis was determined in vitro using recombinant human carboxylesterase. To characterize the in vivo effects of alcohol, healthy volunteers received each probe drug alone and in combination with alcohol followed by blood sample collection and determination of oseltamivir, aspirin, and respective metabolite pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Alcohol significantly inhibited oseltamivir hydrolysis by CES1 in vitro but did not affect aspirin metabolism by CES2. Alcohol increased the oseltamivir area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from 0 to 6 h (AUC0 → 6 h) by 27% (range 11-46%, p = 0.011) and decreased the metabolite/oseltamivir AUC0 → 6 h ratio by 34% (range 25-41%, p < 0.001). Aspirin pharmacokinetics were not affected by alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol significantly inhibited the hydrolysis of oseltamivir by CES1 both in vitro and in humans, but did not affect the hydrolysis of aspirin to salicylic acid by CES2. These results suggest that alcohol's inhibition of CES1 could potentially result in clinically significant drug interactions with other CES1-substrate drugs, but it is unlikely to significantly affect CES2-substrate drug hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Room 346, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,
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