1951
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Gual A, Axet MR, Philippot K, Chaudret B, Denicourt-Nowicki A, Roucoux A, Castillon S, Claver C. Diphosphite ligands derived from carbohydrates as stabilizers for ruthenium nanoparticles: promising catalytic systems in arene hydrogenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:2759-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b802316f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1952
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Corma A, Garcia H. Supported gold nanoparticles as catalysts for organic reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2096-126. [PMID: 18762848 DOI: 10.1039/b707314n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1198] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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1953
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Abstract
Active transition metals, namely, nickel, copper and iron, have been prepared by the reduction of the corresponding chlorides with lithium and a catalytic amount of an arene. These metals, in the form of nanoparticles, have found application in the reduction of a wide variety of functional groups as well as in the alkylation of methyl ketones with primary alcohols.
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1954
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Pachón LD, Rothenberg G. Transition-metal nanoparticles: synthesis, stability and the leaching issue. Appl Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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1955
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Nakamula I, Yamanoi Y, Yonezawa T, Imaoka T, Yamamoto K, Nishihara H. Nanocage catalysts—rhodium nanoclusters encapsulated with dendrimers as accessible and stable catalysts for olefin and nitroarene hydrogenations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5716-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b813649a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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1956
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Ranu B, Saha A, Jana R. Microwave-Assisted Simple and Efficient Ligand Free Copper Nanoparticle Catalyzed Aryl-Sulfur Bond Formation. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1957
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Redel E, Thomann R, Janiak C. First Correlation of Nanoparticle Size-Dependent Formation with the Ionic Liquid Anion Molecular Volume. Inorg Chem 2007; 47:14-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702071w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Engelbert Redel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Material Forschungszentrum, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Material Forschungszentrum, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Freiburger Material Forschungszentrum, Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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1958
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Flanagan KA, Sullivan JA, Müeller-Bunz H. Preparation and characterization of 4-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized palladium nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12508-12520. [PMID: 17985937 DOI: 10.1021/la7015897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-stabilized palladium nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 3.4 +/- 0.5 nm are prepared from the aqueous phase reduction of Na2PdCl4 using NaBH4 in the presence of DMAP. TEM and UV-vis spectroscopy characterization of the nanoparticle dispersion shows no obvious change in the nanoparticles several months after preparation. 1H NMR spectroscopy of the nanoparticles shows that the nanoparticle dispersion also contains a boron/DMAP complex and two palladium/DMAP complexes. One of the palladium complexes crystallizes out of the dispersion and is identified as Pd(DMAP)4(OH)2 by X-ray crystallography. Following extensive analysis, it is believed that the palladium/DMAP complexes are formed following the oxidation of the palladium nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticle dispersion promotes selective hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange on the carbon atoms alpha to the endocyclic nitrogen atom on the DMAP-stabilizing ligands through reaction with D2O. This activity is attributed to the presence of the nanoparticles rather than to the presence of the oxidized palladium/DMAP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Flanagan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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1959
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Sánchez-Delgado RA, Machalaba N, Ng-a-qui N. Hydrogenation of quinoline by ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on poly(4-vinylpyridine). CATAL COMMUN 2007; 8:2115-2118. [PMID: 19050746 PMCID: PMC2390998 DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of catalysts composed of ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on poly(4-vinylpyridine) was prepared by NaBH(4) reduction of RuCl(3).3H(2)O in methanol in the presence of the polymer; TEM measurements of a 10 wt % Ru/P4VPy material indicate that ruthenium particles of 1-2 nm predominate. This catalyst is efficient for the selective hydrogenation of quinoline to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline at 100-120 ºC and 30-40 bar H(2). The activity increases with hydrogen pressure up to 40 bar but is essentially independent of quinoline concentration. Polar solvents, triethylamine, and acetic acid enhance catalytic performance, suggesting an ionic mechanism involving heterolytic hydrogen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A. Sánchez-Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Nataliya Machalaba
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210
| | - Nkechia Ng-a-qui
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210
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1960
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Laska U, Frost CG, Plucinski PK, Price GJ. Rhodium Containing Magnetic Nanoparticles: Effective Catalysts for Hydrogenation and the 1,4-Addition of Boronic Acids. Catal Letters 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-007-9339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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1961
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Schrekker HS, Gelesky MA, Stracke MP, Schrekker CML, Machado G, Teixeira SR, Rubim JC, Dupont J. Disclosure of the imidazolium cation coordination and stabilization mode in ionic liquid stabilized gold(0) nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 316:189-95. [PMID: 17761189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) study of imidazolium ionic liquid stabilized gold(0) nanoparticles (GNPs) furnished previously unknown knowledge about the coordination and stabilization mode of the imidazolium cation. GNPs were prepared by hydrazine reduction of a chloroauric acid solution in 1-triethylene glycol monomethyl ether-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate 2 as ether-functionalized room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). UV-vis spectroscopy showed the presence of GNP aggregates as absorptions extended to the NIR region. A parallel coordination mode for the imidazolium cation of RTIL 2 on the GNP surface was observed by SERS, which occurred without the simultaneous coordination of the 1-triethylene glycol monomethyl ether-functionality. Instead of this, the ether-functionality was directed away from the GNP surface and acted as steric barrier between the GNPs/GNP aggregates, thus preventing further aggregation. These new insights suggest that the imidazolium cation is responsible for electrosteric stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri S Schrekker
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, P.O. Box 15003, CEP: 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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1962
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Astruc D, Ornelas C, Ruiz Aranzaes J. Ferrocenyl-terminated Dendrimers: Design for Applications in Molecular Electronics, Molecular Recognition and Catalysis. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-007-9191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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1963
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Ornelas C, Aranzaes J, Salmon L, Astruc D. “Click” Dendrimers: Synthesis, Redox Sensing of Pd(OAc)2, and Remarkable Catalytic Hydrogenation Activity of Precise Pd Nanoparticles Stabilized by 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Dendrimers. Chemistry 2007; 14:50-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1964
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Martínez FJ, González B, Alonso B, Losada J, García-Armada MP, Casado CM. Synthesis and Redox Properties of an Electropolymerizable Amido Ferrocenyl Pyrrole-functionalized Dendrimer. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-007-9188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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1965
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Shi F, Tse M, Pohl MM, Brückner A, Zhang S, Beller M. Tuning Catalytic Activity between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis: Improved Activity and Selectivity of Free Nano-Fe2O3 in Selective Oxidations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1966
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Shi F, Tse M, Pohl MM, Brückner A, Zhang S, Beller M. Tuning Catalytic Activity between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis: Improved Activity and Selectivity of Free Nano-Fe2O3 in Selective Oxidations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8866-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1967
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Abad A, Corma A, García H. Catalyst Parameters Determining Activity and Selectivity of Supported Gold Nanoparticles for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols: The Molecular Reaction Mechanism. Chemistry 2007; 14:212-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1968
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Diallo A, Ornelas C, Salmon L, Ruiz Aranzaes J, Astruc D. “Homeopathic” Catalytic Activity and Atom-Leaching Mechanism in Miyaura–Suzuki Reactions under Ambient Conditions with Precise Dendrimer-Stabilized Pd Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1969
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Favier I, Gómez M, Muller G, Axet MR, Castillón S, Claver C, Jansat S, Chaudret B, Philippot K. Palladium Catalytic Species Containing Chiral Phosphites: Towards a Discrimination between Molecular and Colloidal Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1970
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Ott LS, Campbell S, Seddon KR, Finke RG. Evidence That Imidazolium-Based Ionic Ligands Can be Metal(0)/Nanocluster Catalyst Poisons in at Least the Test Case of Iridium(0)-Catalyzed Acetone Hydrogenation. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:10335-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ic700976z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Starkey Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and QUILL Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Sarah Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and QUILL Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Kenneth R. Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and QUILL Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, and QUILL Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K
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1971
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Senra JD, Malta LFB, de Souza ALF, Medeiros ME, Aguiar LC, Antunes O. Phosphine-free Heck reactions in aqueous medium using hydroxypropylated cyclodextrins as supramolecular hosts. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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1972
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Jiang X, Wei G, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zheng P, Wen F, Shi L. A strategy to facilitate reuse of palladium catalyst stabilized by block copolymer micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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1973
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Murakami Y, Konishi K. Remarkable Co-catalyst Effect of Gold Nanoclusters on Olefin Oxidation Catalyzed by a Manganese−Porphyrin Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:14401-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja075051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Murakami
- Contribution from the Creative Research Initiative ‘Sosei' and Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 21 West 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Konishi
- Contribution from the Creative Research Initiative ‘Sosei' and Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 21 West 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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1974
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Williams RJP. A comparison of types of catalyst: the quality of metallo-enzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 102:1-25. [PMID: 17950891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to compare four kinds of catalyst: molecular and enzymic, both homogeneous, and non-conducting and conducting solids, both heterogeneous, in order to show the full power of metallo-enzymes. For ease of comparison we restrict ourselves to describing catalysts containing single metal atom or ion units, only briefly mentioning more complex units. Their common ground lies in the nature of their active sites for attacking the substrate, but here we stress that their differences often rest in the value of their frameworks. The frameworks contribute to activity through binding of substrate, creating selectivity, or even by directly aiding the catalytic act of transforming the substrate to the product, when there is an active region rather than a site. It may also provide limited directed motion aiding effective progress of the active groups themselves through a cycle of activity. The article highlights the difficulties in the use of other kinds of catalysts as aids to the understanding of enzymes. Part A is a general description and Part B is a set of examples of the catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J P Williams
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.
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1975
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Gilbertson JD, Vijayaraghavan G, Stevenson KJ, Chandler BD. Air and water free solid-phase synthesis of thiol stabilized au nanoparticles with anchored, recyclable dendrimer templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11239-45. [PMID: 17902712 DOI: 10.1021/la7013573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthetic templates for Au nanoparticles were developed using Merrifield resins and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. This synthetic scheme affords the opportunity to prepare metal nanoparticles in the absence of air and water, and it does not necessitate phase transfer agents that can be difficult to remove in subsequent steps. Amine-terminated generation 5 PAMAM (G5NH2) dendrimers were grafted to anhydride functionalized polystyrene resin beads and alkylated with 1,2-epoxydodecane to produce G5C12anch. The anchored dendrimers bound both CoII and AuIII salts from toluene solutions at ratios comparable to those of solution phase alkyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers. The encapsulated AuIII salts could be reduced with NaBH4 to produce anchored dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). Treatment of the anchored DENs with decanethiol in toluene extracted the Au nanoparticles from the dendrimers as monolayer protected clusters (MPCs). After a brief NaCN etch, the anchored dendrimers were readily recycled and a subsequent synthesis of decanethiol Au MPCs was performed with comparable MPC yield and particle size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, USA
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1976
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Diallo A, Ornelas C, Salmon L, Ruiz Aranzaes J, Astruc D. “Homeopathic” Catalytic Activity and Atom-Leaching Mechanism in Miyaura-Suzuki Reactions under Ambient Conditions with Precise Dendrimer-Stabilized Pd Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8644-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1977
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Vandezande P, Gevers LEM, Vankelecom IFJ. Solvent resistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 37:365-405. [PMID: 18197351 DOI: 10.1039/b610848m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) has gained a lot of attention, as it is a promising energy- and waste-efficient unit process to separate mixtures down to a molecular level. This critical review focuses on all aspects related to this new burgeoning technology, occasionally also including literature obtained on aqueous applications or related membrane processes, if of relevance to understand SRNF better. An overview of the different membrane materials and the methods to turn them into suitable SRNF-membranes will be given first. The membrane transport mechanism and its modelling will receive attention in order to understand the process and the reported membrane performances better. Finally, all SRNF-applications reported so far - in food chemistry, petrochemistry, catalysis, pharmaceutical manufacturing - will be reviewed exhaustively (324 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Vandezande
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Catholic University Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 - bus 2461, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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1978
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Fernández F, Cordero B, Durand J, Muller G, Malbosc F, Kihn Y, Teuma E, Gómez M. Palladium catalyzed Suzuki C-C couplings in an ionic liquid: nanoparticles responsible for the catalytic activity. Dalton Trans 2007:5572-81. [PMID: 18043820 DOI: 10.1039/b713449e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of functionalized ligands derived from norborn-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride has been used in Suzuki C-C cross-couplings between aryl boronic acids and aryl bromide derivatives in [BMI][PF(6)] (BMI=1-n-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium), using palladium acetate as catalytic precursor. High conversions and yields are obtained when amine ligands containing hydroxy groups are involved. TEM analyses after catalysis show the formation of small nanoparticles, in contrast to the agglomerates observed when nanoparticles are intentionally preformed, with a consequent decrease in the catalytic activity in the latter case. Some tests, including the correlation effect between solvent and ligand, are carried out to try to identify the true nature of the catalyst. All the results obtained suggest that formation of nanoparticles is required to lead to a catalytically active system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernández
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée UMR CNRS 5069, Univesité Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
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1979
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Structure and behavior of nanoparticulate catalysts based on ultrathin chitosan layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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1980
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Ranu BC, Chattopadhyay K, Adak L. Solvent-Controlled Highly Selective Bis- and Monoallylation of Active Methylene Compounds by Allyl Acetate with Palladium(0) Nanoparticle. Org Lett 2007; 9:4595-8. [PMID: 17902686 DOI: 10.1021/ol702099v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(0) nanoparticle has been used as an efficient catalyst for the allylation of active methylene compounds. Very efficient bisallylation is achieved for a variety of active methylene compounds by allyl acetate and its derivatives in one stroke in THF solvent. The reaction in water provides monoallylated product selectively by allyl acetate only. The recovered Pd(0) nanoparticle is recycled. A probable mechanism is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindaban C Ranu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
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1981
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Lu SM, Alper H. Synthesis of large ring macrocycles (12-18) by recyclable palladium-complexed dendrimers on silica gel catalyzed intramolecular cyclocarbonylation reactions. Chemistry 2007; 13:5908-16. [PMID: 17444546 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular cyclocarbonylation reactions with palladium-complexed dendrimers on silica gel as catalysts are very effective for the synthesis of twelve- to eighteen-membered ring macrocycles. This process can tolerate a wide variety of functional groups, including halide, ether, ketone, and ester. The heterogeneous dendritic catalysts facilitate excellent substrate reactivity, affording oxygen-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-containing tricyclic heterocycles in 70-92 % yields. Importantly, these systems are easily recovered by simple filtration and reused several times with only a slight loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Ming Lu
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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1982
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Schrekker HS, Stracke MP, Schrekker CML, Dupont J. Ether-Functionalized Imidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquids for Improved Water Miscibilities. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0709685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henri S. Schrekker
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil, and Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P. Stracke
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil, and Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil
| | - Clarissa M. L. Schrekker
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil, and Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil, and Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre-RS, CEP:91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Brazil
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1983
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Gallon B, Kojima R, Kaner R, Diaconescu P. Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Polyaniline Nanofibers as a Semi-Heterogeneous Catalyst in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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1984
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Gallon BJ, Kojima RW, Kaner RB, Diaconescu PL. Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Polyaniline Nanofibers as a Semi-Heterogeneous Catalyst in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:7251-4. [PMID: 17657750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Gallon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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1985
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Shokouhimehr M, Piao Y, Kim J, Jang Y, Hyeon T. A Magnetically Recyclable Nanocomposite Catalyst for Olefin Epoxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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1986
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Abu-Reziq R, Wang D, Post M, Alper H. Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Ionic Liquid-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles: Selective Hydrogenation Catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1987
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1988
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Vasilenko IV, Gavrilenko KS, Kotenko IE, Kador O, Ouahab L, Pavlishchuk VV. Effect of formation conditions on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of nanosized MIIFe 2 III O4 ferrites (M = Mn, Co, Ni) and Fe2O3. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-007-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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1989
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Mednikov EG, Jewell MC, Dahl LF. Nanosized (μ12-Pt)Pd164-xPtx(CO)72(PPh3)20 (x ≈ 7) Containing Pt-Centered Four-Shell 165-Atom Pd−Pt Core with Unprecedented Intershell Bridging Carbonyl Ligands: Comparative Analysis of Icosahedral Shell-Growth Patterns with Geometrically Related Pd145(CO)x(PEt3)30 (x ≈ 60) Containing Capped Three-Shell Pd145 Core. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11619-30. [PMID: 17722929 DOI: 10.1021/ja073945q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein are the preparation and crystallographic/microanalytical/magnetic/spectroscopic characterization of the Pt-centered four-shell 165-atom Pd-Pt cluster, (mu(12)-Pt)Pd(164-x)Pt(x)(CO)(72)(PPh(3))(20) (x approximately 7), 1, that replaces the geometrically related capped three-shell icosahedral Pd(145) cluster, Pd(145)(CO)(x)(PEt(3))(30) (x approximately 60), 2, as the largest crystallographically determined discrete transition metal cluster with direct metal-metal bonding. A detailed comparison of their shell-growth patterns gives rise to important stereochemical implications concerning completely unexpected structural dissimilarities as well as similarities and provides new insight concerning possible synthetic approaches for generation of multi-shell metal clusters. 1 was reproducibly prepared in small yields (<10%) from the reaction of Pd(10)(CO)(12)(PPh(3))(6) with Pt(CO)(2)(PPh(3))(2). Its 165-atom metal-core geometry and 20 PPh(3) and 72 CO ligands were established from a low-temperature (100 K) CCD X-ray diffraction study. The well-determined crystal structure is attributed largely to 1 possessing cubic T(h) (2/m3) site symmetry, which is the highest crystallographic subgroup of the noncrystallographic pseudo-icosahedral I(h) (2/m35) symmetry. The "full" four-shell Pd-Pt anatomy of 1 consists of: (a) shell 1 with the centered (mu(12)-Pt) atom encapsulated by the 12-atom icosahedral Pt(x)Pd(12-x) cage, x = 1.2(3); (b) shell 2 with the 42-atom nu(2) icosahedral Pt(x)Pd(42-x) cage, x = 3.5(5); (c) shell 3 with the anti-Mackay 60-atom semi-regular rhombicosidodecahedral Pt(x)Pd(60-x) cage, x = 2.2(6); (d) shell 4 with the 50-atom nu(2) pentagonal dodecahedral Pd(50) cage. The total number of crystallographically estimated Pt atoms, 8 +/- 3, which was obtained from least-squares (Pt(x)/Pd(1-x))-occupancy analysis of the X-ray data that conclusively revealed the central atom to be pure Pt (occupancy factor, x = 1.00(3)), is fortuitously in agreement with that of 7.6(7) found from an X-ray Pt/Pd microanalysis (WDS spectrometer) on three crystals of 1. Our utilization of this site-occupancy (Pt(x)Pd(1-x))-analysis for shells 1-3 originated from the microanalytical results; otherwise, the presumed metal-core composition would have been (mu(12)-Pt)Pd(164). [Alternatively, the (mu(12)-Pt)M(164) core-geometry of 1 may be viewed as a pseudo-Ih Pt-centered six-shell successive nu(1) polyhedral system, each with radially equivalent vertex atoms: Pt@M(12)(icosahedron)@M(30)(icosidodecahedron)@M(12)(icosahedron)@M(60)(rhombicosidodecahedron)@M(30)(icosidodecahedron)@M(20)(pentagonal dodecahedron)]. Completely surprising structural dissimilarities between 1 and 2 are: (1) to date 1 is only reproducibly isolated as a heterometallic Pd-Pt cluster with a central Pt instead of Pd atom; (2) the 50 atoms comprising the outer fourth nu(2) pentagonal dodecahedral shell in 1 are less than the 60 atoms of the inner third shell in 1, in contradistinction to shell-by-shell growth processes in all other known shell-based structures; (3) the 10 fewer PR3 ligands in 1 necessitate larger bulky PPh(3) ligands to protect the Pd-Pt core-geometry; (4) the 72 CO ligands consist of six bridging COs within each of the 12 pentagons in shell 4 that are coordinated to intershell metal atoms. SQUID magnetometry measurements showed a single-crystal sample of 1 to be diamagnetic over the entire temperature range of 10-300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgueni G Mednikov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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1990
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Takanashi K, Fujii A, Nakajima R, Chiba H, Higuchi M, Einaga Y, Yamamoto K. Heterometal Assembly in Dendritic Polyphenylazomethines. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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1991
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Bergamini G, Ceroni P, Balzani V, Gingras M, Raimundo JM, Morandi V, Merli PG. Synthesis of small gold nanoparticles: Au(I) disproportionation catalyzed by a persulfurated coronene dendrimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:4167-9. [PMID: 17925964 DOI: 10.1039/b708115d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles with average diameter of 1.0 nm and narrow size distribution can be easily obtained by disproportionation of Au(+) ions, in the presence of a persulfurated coronene dendrimer that favors encounters between Au(+) ions and protects the resulting small nanoparticles from further aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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1992
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Maity P, Basu S, Bhaduri S, Lahiri GK. Superior Performance of a Nanostructured Platinum Catalyst in Water: Hydrogenations of Alkenes, Aldehydes and Nitroaromatics. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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1993
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Hitce J, Baudoin O. Substituted Benzocarbocycles by Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions Featuring a C(sp3)H Activation Step. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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1994
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Srimani D, Sawoo S, Sarkar A. Convenient Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles and Catalysis of Hiyama Coupling Reaction in Water. Org Lett 2007; 9:3639-42. [PMID: 17676861 DOI: 10.1021/ol7015143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of Pd nanoparticles in water has been developed using a Fischer carbene complex of tungsten as the reductant and PEG as the capping agent. The colloidal palladium (1 mol %) efficiently catalyzes Hiyama cross-coupling reactions performed in air. Excellent yields of products were obtained with a wide range of substrates. Catalytic activity and stability of the nanoparticles were found to be inversely correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Srimani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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1995
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A facile electrochemical sensor designed from gold nanoparticles embedded in three-dimensional sol–gel network for concurrent detection of toxic chemicals. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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1996
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Kwon MS, Park IS, Jang JS, Lee JS, Park J. Magnetically Separable Pd Catalyst for Highly Selective Epoxide Hydrogenolysis under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2007; 9:3417-9. [PMID: 17661475 DOI: 10.1021/ol701456w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A magnetically separable palladium catalyst was synthesized simply through a sol-gel process incorporating palladium nanoparticles and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in aluminum oxyhydroxide matrix, which is highly active and selective for epoxide hydrogenolysis at room temperature under 1 atm H2. The catalyst was recycled for 25 times without loss of the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Serk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31 Hyojadong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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1997
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Corma A, García H, Montes-Navajas P, Primo A, Calvino JJ, Trasobares S. Gold Nanoparticles in Organic Capsules: A Supramolecular Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles and Cucurbituril. Chemistry 2007; 13:6359-64. [PMID: 17497621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (<or=1 nm) have been encapsulated inside cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) by vapor deposition or chemical reduction in aqueous solutions. CB[7] has unique host properties compared with CB[5] and CB[6]. The particle size distribution obtained with CB[5] and CB[6] is similar to that obtained in the absence of CBs and the particles obtained are much too large to be incorporated inside the organic capsules. When gold nanoparticles are prepared inside CB[7] the resulting supramolecular assembly has shape-selective properties for gold interactions with amines, cyanide, and quaternary ammonium ions. Thus, CB[7] has the potential to be used in applications such as selective adsorption, sensing, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica/UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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1998
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Cho WK, Lee JK, Kang SM, Chi YS, Lee HS, Choi IS. Gold-Catalyzed Cyanosilylation Reaction: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Pathways. Chemistry 2007; 13:6351-8. [PMID: 17492807 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gold had been considered to be an extremely inert metal, but recently it was found that nanometer-sized gold particles on metal-oxide supports acted as catalysts for simple organic reactions, such as oxidation and hydrogenation, even at or below room temperature. Herein, we report that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of zero oxidation state (Au0) are catalytically active for a C--C bond-forming reaction, the cyanosilylation of aldehydes. The AuNP-catalyzed cyanosilylation proceeded smoothly at room temperature with 0.2 wt % loading of AuNPs. The reactions of aromatic aldehydes were almost quantitative, except for benzaldehyde derivatives containing the electron-withdrawing NO2 group, and alpha,beta-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes were the most reactive substrates. The reactions also went smoothly for aliphatic aldehydes. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions proceeded both homogeneously and heterogeneously: homogeneous catalysis by leached gold species and heterogeneous catalysis by the adsorption of the reactants (aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide) onto AuNPs. The ratio of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis was estimated to be approximately 4:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and School of Molecular Science (BK21), Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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1999
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Mitsudome T, Nose K, Mori K, Mizugaki T, Ebitani K, Jitsukawa K, Kaneda K. Montmorillonite-entrapped sub-nanoordered Pd clusters as a heterogeneous catalyst for allylic substitution reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3288-90. [PMID: 17378004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takato Mitsudome
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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2000
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De bruyn M, Neumann R. Stabilization of Palladium Nanoparticles by Polyoxometalates Appended with Alkylthiol Tethers and their Use as Binary Catalysts for Liquid Phase Aerobic Oxydehydrogenation. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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