1
|
Pol M, Dai K, Thomann R, Moser S, Roy SK, Pappas CG. Guiding Transient Peptide Assemblies with Structural Elements Embedded in Abiotic Phosphate Fuels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404360. [PMID: 38676693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite great progress on the construction of non-equilibrium systems, most approaches do not consider the structure of the fuel as a critical element to control the processes. Herein, we show that the amino acid side chains (A, F, Nal) in the structure of abiotic phosphates can direct assembly and reactivity during transient structure formation. The fuels bind covalently to substrates and subsequently influence the structures in the assembly process. We focus on the ways in which the phosphate esters guide structure formation and how structures and reactivity cross regulate when constructing assemblies. Through the chemical functionalization of energy-rich aminoacyl phosphate esters, we are able to control the yield to esters and thioesters upon adding dipeptides containing tyrosine or cysteine residues. The structural elements around the phosphate esters guide the lifetime of the structures formed and their supramolecular assemblies. These properties can further be influenced by the peptide sequence of substrates, incorporating anionic, aliphatic and aromatic residues. Furthermore, we illustrate that oligomerization of esters can be initiated from a single aminoacyl phosphate ester incorporating a tyrosine residue (Y). These findings suggest that activated amino acids with varying reactivity and energy contents can pave the way for designing and fabricating structured fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Pol
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Kun Dai
- University of Freiburg, DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, GERMANY
| | - Ralf Thomann
- University of Freiburg, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), GERMANY
| | - Sandra Moser
- University of Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | | | - Charalampos G Pappas
- University of Freiburg im Breisgau: Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Küspert S, Campbell IE, Zeng Z, Balaghi SE, Ortlieb N, Thomann R, Knäbbeler-Buß M, Allen CS, Mohney SE, Fischer A. Ultrasmall and Highly Dispersed Pt Entities Deposited on Mesoporous N-doped Carbon Nanospheres by Pulsed CVD for Improved HER. Small 2024:e2311260. [PMID: 38634299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Vapor-based deposition techniques are emerging approaches for the design of carbon-supported metal powder electrocatalysts with tailored catalyst entities, sizes, and dispersions. Herein, a pulsed CVD (Pt-pCVD) approach is employed to deposit different Pt entities on mesoporous N-doped carbon (MPNC) nanospheres to design high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. The influence of consecutive precursor pulse number (50-250) and deposition temperature (225-300 °C) are investigated. The Pt-pCVD process results in highly dispersed ultrasmall Pt clusters (≈1 nm in size) and Pt single atoms, while under certain conditions few larger Pt nanoparticles are formed. The best MPNC-Pt-pCVD electrocatalyst prepared in this work (250 pulses, 250 °C) reveals a Pt HER mass activity of 22.2 ± 1.2 A mg-1 Pt at -50 mV versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), thereby outperforming a commercially available Pt/C electrocatalyst by 40% as a result of the increased Pt utilization. Remarkably, after optimization of the Pt electrode loading, an ultrahigh Pt mass activity of 56 ± 2 A mg-1 Pt at -50 mV versus RHE is found, which is among the highest Pt mass activities of Pt single atom and cluster-based electrocatalysts reported so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Küspert
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian E Campbell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Esmael Balaghi
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Ortlieb
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Knäbbeler-Buß
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher S Allen
- Electron Physical Science Imaging Center, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3HP, UK
| | - Suzanne E Mohney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai K, Pol MD, Saile L, Sharma A, Liu B, Thomann R, Trefs JL, Qiu D, Moser S, Wiesler S, Balzer BN, Hugel T, Jessen HJ, Pappas CG. Spontaneous and Selective Peptide Elongation in Water Driven by Aminoacyl Phosphate Esters and Phase Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26086-26094. [PMID: 37992133 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nature chose phosphates to activate amino acids, where reactive intermediates and complex machinery drive the construction of polyamides. Outside of biology, the pathways and mechanisms that allow spontaneous and selective peptide elongation in aqueous abiotic systems remain unclear. Herein we work to uncover those pathways by following the systems chemistry of aminoacyl phosphate esters, synthetic counterparts of aminoacyl adenylates. The phosphate esters act as solubility tags, making hydrophobic amino acids and their oligomers soluble in water and enabling selective elongation and different pathways to emerge. Thus, oligomers up to dodecamers were synthesized in one flask and on the minute time scale, where consecutive additions activated autonomous phase changes. Depending on the pathway, the resulting phases initially carry nonpolar peptides and amphiphilic oligomers containing phosphate esters. During elongation and phosphate release, shorter oligomers dominate in solution, while the aggregated phase favors the presence of longer oligomers due to their self-assembly propensity. Furthermore we demonstrated that the solution phases can be isolated and act as a new environment for continuous elongation, by adding various phosphate esters. These findings suggest that the systems chemistry of aminoacyl phosphate esters can activate a selection mechanism for peptide bond formation by merging aqueous synthesis and self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dai
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mahesh D Pol
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lenard Saile
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arti Sharma
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna L Trefs
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danye Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Moser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bizan N Balzer
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Henning J Jessen
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- DFG Cluster of Excellence livMatS @FIT─Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deuringer B, Härdtner C, Krebs K, Thomann R, Holzer M, Hilgendorf I, Süss R. Everolimus-Loaded Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Prepared by a Novel Dual Centrifugation Approach for Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5081-5097. [PMID: 36340183 PMCID: PMC9635393 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s381483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The conventional techniques for the preparation of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) are hampered by long process times, the need for large amounts of starting material, and harsh preparation conditions. Here, we present a novel rHDL preparation method to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, we propose a dual mode of action for rHDL loaded with the immunosuppressant drug everolimus (Eve-rHDL) in the context of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. METHODS We use dual centrifugation for rHDL nanoparticle preparation and characterize the physicochemical properties by NS-TEM, N-PAGE, DLS, AF4, and HPLC. In addition, we determine the biological efficacy in human and murine cell culture with regard to cellular uptake, cholesterol efflux, and proliferation. RESULTS We confirm the characteristic particle size of 10 nm, discoidal morphology, and chemical composition of the rHDL preparations and identify dual centrifugation as an ideal method for cost-effective aseptic rHDL manufacturing. rHDL can be prepared in approx. 1.5 h with batch sizes as little as 89 µL. Moreover, we demonstrate the cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-proliferative activity of Eve-rHDL in vitro. The anti-proliferative effects were comparable to free Eve, thus confirming the suitability of rHDL as a capable drug delivery vehicle. CONCLUSION Eve-rHDL shows great efficacy in vitro and may further be employed to target atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Highly effective anti-atherosclerotic therapy might be feasible by reducing both inflammatory- and lipid burden of the plaques. Dual centrifugation is an ideal technique for the efficient application of the rHDL platform in cardiovascular disease and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Deuringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany,Correspondence: Benedikt Deuringer, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Sonnenstraße 5, Freiburg, 79104, Germany, Tel +49 761 203 6329, Fax +49 761 203 6326, Email
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Katja Krebs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- FMF Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Martin Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany,Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Regine Süss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sierra-Trillo MI, Thomann R, Krossing I, Hanselmann R, Mülhaupt R, Thomann Y. Laser Ablation on Isostatic Graphite-A New Way to Create Exfoliated Graphite. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5474. [PMID: 36013620 PMCID: PMC9410218 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In search of a new way to fabricate graphene-like materials, isostatic graphite targets were ablated using high peak power with a nanosecond-pulsed infrared laser. We conducted dry ablations in an argon atmosphere and liquid-phase ablations in the presence of a liquid medium (water or toluene). After the dry ablation, the SEM images of the target showed carbon in the form of a volcano-like grain structure, which seemed to be the result of liquid carbon ejected from the ablation center. No graphite exfoliation could be achieved using dry ablation. When using liquid phase ablation with water or toluene as a liquid medium, no traces of the formation of liquid carbon were found, but cleaner and deeper craters were observed. In particular, when using toluene as a liquid medium, typical graphite exfoliation was found. We believe that due to the extremely high pressure and high temperature induced by the laser pulses, toluene was able to intercalate into the graphite layers. Between the laser pulses, the intercalated toluene was able to flash evaporate and blow-up the graphite, which resulted in exfoliated graphite. Exfoliated graphite was found on the ablated graphite surface, as well as in the toluene medium. The ablation experiments with toluene undertaken in this study demonstrated an effective method of producing micrometer-sized graphene material. When using water as a liquid medium, no massive graphite exfoliation was observed. This meant that under the used laser conditions, toluene was a better intercalant for graphite exfoliation than water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Sierra-Trillo
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ralf Hanselmann
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tschaikowsky M, Brander S, Barth V, Thomann R, Rolauffs B, Balzer BN, Hugel T. The articular cartilage surface is impaired by a loss of thick collagen fibers and formation of type I collagen in early osteoarthritis. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:274-283. [PMID: 35487427 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease affecting millions of patients worldwide. During OA onset and progression, the articular cartilage is destroyed, but the underlying complex mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we uncover changes in the thickness of collagen fibers and their composition at the onset of OA. For articular cartilage explants from knee joints of OA patients, we find that type I collagen-rich fibrocartilage-like tissue was formed in macroscopically intact cartilage, distant from OA lesions. Importantly, the number of thick fibers (>100 nm) has decreased early in the disease, followed by complete absence of thick fibers in advanced OA. We have obtained these results by a combination of high-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging under near-native conditions, immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and a fluorescence-based classification of the superficial chondrocyte spatial organization. Taken together, our data suggests that the loss of tissue functionality in early OA cartilage is caused by a reduction of thick type II collagen fibers, likely due to the formation of type I collagen-rich fibrocartilage, followed by the development of focal defects in later OA stages. We anticipate that such an integrative characterization will be very beneficial for an in-depth understanding of other native biological tissues and the development of sustainable biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In early osteoarthritis (OA) the cartilage appears macroscopically intact. However, this study demonstrates that the collagen network already changes in early OA by collagen fiber thinning and the formation of fibrocartilage-like tissue. Both nanoscopic deficiencies already occur in macroscopically intact regions of the human knee joint and are likely connected to processes that result in a weakened extracellular matrix. This study enhances the understanding of earliest progressive cartilage degeneration in the absence of external damage. The results suggest a determination of the mean collagen fiber thickness as a new target for the detection of early OA and a regulation of type I collagen synthesis as a new path for OA treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bargetzi L, Brack C, Herrmann J, Bargetzi A, Hersberger L, Bargetzi M, Kaegi-Braun N, Tribolet P, Gomes F, Hoess C, Pavlicek V, Bilz S, Sigrist S, Brändle M, Henzen C, Thomann R, Rutishauser J, Aujesky D, Rodondi N, Donzé J, Laviano A, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Nutritional support during the hospital stay reduces mortality in patients with different types of cancers: secondary analysis of a prospective randomized trial. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1025-1033. [PMID: 34022376 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional support in patients with cancer aims at improving quality of life. Whether use of nutritional support is also effective in improving clinical outcomes requires further study. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this preplanned secondary analysis of patients with cancer included in a prospective, randomized-controlled, Swiss, multicenter trial (EFFORT), we compared protocol-guided individualized nutritional support (intervention group) to standard hospital food (control group) regarding mortality at 30-day (primary endpoint) and other clinical outcomes. RESULTS We analyzed 506 patients with a main admission diagnosis of cancer, including lung cancer (n = 113), gastrointestinal tumors (n = 84), hematological malignancies (n = 108) and other types of cancer (n = 201). Nutritional risk based on Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) was an independent predictor for mortality over 180 days with an (age-, sex-, center-, type of cancer-, tumor activity- and treatment-) adjusted hazard ratio of 1.29 (95% CI 1.09-1.54; P = 0.004) per point increase in NRS. In the 30-day follow-up period, 50 patients (19.9%) died in the control group compared to 36 (14.1%) in the intervention group resulting in an adjusted odds ratio of 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.94; P = 0.027). Interaction tests did not show significant differences in mortality across the cancer type subgroups. Nutritional support also significantly improved functional outcomes and quality of life measures. CONCLUSIONS Compared to usual hospital nutrition without nutrition support, individualized nutritional support reduced the risk of mortality and improved functional and quality of life outcomes in cancer patients with increased nutritional risk. These data further support the inclusion of nutritional care in cancer management guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Bargetzi
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Brack
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Herrmann
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Bargetzi
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Hersberger
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Bargetzi
- Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Oncology, Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - N Kaegi-Braun
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - P Tribolet
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Gomes
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, USA
| | - C Hoess
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Muensterlingen, Muensterlingen, Switzerland
| | - V Pavlicek
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Muensterlingen, Muensterlingen, Switzerland
| | - S Bilz
- Internal Medicine & Endocrinology/Diabetes, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - S Sigrist
- Internal Medicine & Endocrinology/Diabetes, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Brändle
- Internal Medicine & Endocrinology/Diabetes, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C Henzen
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - R Thomann
- Internal Medicine, Buergerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - J Rutishauser
- Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - D Aujesky
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Rodondi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Donzé
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - A Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Z Stanga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine & Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B Mueller
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pásztor S, Becsei B, Szarka G, Thomann Y, Thomann R, Mühlhaupt R, Iván B. The Scissors Effect in Action: The Fox-Flory Relationship between the Glass Transition Temperature of Crosslinked Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Mc in Nanophase Separated Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)- l-Polyisobutylene Conetworks. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E4822. [PMID: 33126719 PMCID: PMC7663353 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is one of the most important properties of polymeric materials. In order to reveal whether the scissors effect, i.e., the Fox-Flory relationship between Tg and the average molecular weight between crosslinking points (Mc), reported only in one case for polymer conetworks so far, is more generally effective or valid only for a single case, a series of poly(methyl methacrylate)-l-polyisobutylene (PMMA-l-PIB) conetworks was prepared and investigated. Two Tgs were found for the conetworks by DSC. Fox-Flory type dependence between Tg and Mc of the PMMA component (Tg = Tg,∞ - K/Mc) was observed. The K constants for the PMMA homopolymer and for the PMMA in the conetworks were the same in the margin of error. AFM images indicated disordered bicontinuous, mutually nanoconfined morphology with average domain sizes of 5-20 nm, but the correlation between Tg and domain sizes was not found. These new results indicate that the macrocrosslinkers act like molecular scissors (scissors effect), and the Tg of PMMA depend exclusively on the Mc in the conetworks. Consequently, these findings mean that the scissors effect is presumably a general phenomenon in nanophase-separated polymer conetworks, and this finding could be utilized in designing, processing, and applications of these novel materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Pásztor
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Bálint Becsei
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mühlhaupt
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stumphauser T, Kasza G, Domján A, Wacha A, Varga Z, Thomann Y, Thomann R, Pásztói B, Trötschler TM, Kerscher B, Mülhaupt R, Iván B. Nanoconfined Crosslinked Poly(ionic liquid)s with Unprecedented Selective Swelling Properties Obtained by Alkylation in Nanophase-Separated Poly(1-vinylimidazole)- l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) Conetworks. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2292. [PMID: 33036354 PMCID: PMC7599712 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great interest in nanoconfined materials nowadays, nanocompartmentalized poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have been rarely investigated so far. Herein, we report on the successful alkylation of poly(1-vinylimidazole) with methyl iodide in bicontinuous nanophasic poly(1-vinylimidazole)-l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PVIm-l-PTHF) amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs) to obtain nanoconfined methylated PVImMe-l-PTHF poly(ionic liquid) conetworks (PIL-CNs). A high extent of alkylation (~95%) was achieved via a simple alkylation process with MeI at room temperature. This does not destroy the bicontinuous nanophasic morphology as proved by SAXS and AFM, and PIL-CNs with 15-20 nm d-spacing and poly(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium iodide) PIL nanophases with average domain sizes of 8.2-8.4 nm are formed. Unexpectedly, while the swelling capacity of the PIL-CN dramatically increases in aprotic polar solvents, such as DMF, NMP, and DMSO, reaching higher than 1000% superabsorbent swelling degrees, the equilibrium swelling degrees decrease in even highly polar protic (hydrophilic) solvents, like water and methanol. An unprecedented Gaussian-type relationship was found between the ratios of the swelling degrees versus the polarity index, indicating increased swelling for the nanoconfined PVImMe-l-PTHF PIL-CNs in solvents with a polarity index between ~6 and 9.5. In addition to the nanoconfined structural features, the unique selective superabsorbent swelling behavior of the PIL-CNs can also be utilized in various application fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Stumphauser
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- George Hevesy PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Kasza
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Domján
- NMR Research Laboratory, Instrumentation Center, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar TudóSok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Wacha
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Balázs Pásztói
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- George Hevesy PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tobias M Trötschler
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kerscher
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bosilj M, Rustam L, Thomann R, Melke J, Fischer A, White RJ. Directing nitrogen-doped carbon support chemistry for improved aqueous phase hydrogenation catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Influencing stability and performance through directing nitrogen-doping in carbon support materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bosilj
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
| | - Lina Rustam
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Material Research Center, FMF
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
| | - Julia Melke
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
- Freiburg Material Research Center, FMF
| | - Anna Fischer
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
- Freiburg Material Research Center, FMF
| | - Robin J. White
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
- 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau
- Germany
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
- TNO
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhong F, Thomann R, Thomann Y, Burk L, Mülhaupt R. Melt-Processable Nacre-Mimetic Hydrocarbon Composites via Polymer 1D Nanostructure Formation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Laura Burk
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhong F, Schwabe J, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Tailoring Hexagonal Gibbsite Single Crystal Nanoplatelets for Ethylene Polymerization and Nanocomposite Formation on MAO-Free Heterogeneous Bis(imino)pyridine Iron(II) Catalyst. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900015. [PMID: 30892758 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin single crystal γ-Al(OH)3 (Gibbsite) nanoplatelets with average thickness <20 nm and length <800 nm, pretreated with trimethylaluminum (TMA), represent highly efficient activators and supports bis(imino)pyridine iron (II) (FeBIP) complex to produce high density polyethylene (HDPE) as well as gibbsite/HDPE nanocomposites in exceptionally high yields. Opposite to both methylaluminoxane (MAO)-activated homogeneous FeBIP catalyst and heterogenous silica-supported single site catalysts, no addition of MAO is required. At low TMA/Fe = 50 molar ratio, the superior catalyst activity (up to 6500 kg mol-1 h-1 bar-1 ) of FeBIP@TMA@Gibbsite is paralleled by controlled polyethylene particle growth without encountering reactor-fouling problems typical for homogeneous catalysts. TMA@Gibbsite is compared with other AlR3 @Gibbsite activators. The Al/Fe molar ratio governs catalyst activity as well as molar mass, molar mass distribution, and thermal properties of polyethylene. Moreover, hexagonal gibbsite nanoplatelets are uniformly dispersed in polyethylene to yield agglomerate-free polyethylene/gibbsite nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jeremia Schwabe
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhong F, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Tailoring Mono-, Bi-, and Trimodal Molar Mass Distributions and All-Hydrocarbon Composites by Ethylene Polymerization on Bis(imino)pyridine Chromium(III) Supported on Ultrathin Gibbsite Single Crystal Nanoplatelets. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhong F, Schwabe J, Hofmann D, Meier J, Thomann R, Enders M, Mülhaupt R. All-polyethylene composites reinforced via extended-chain UHMWPE nanostructure formation during melt processing. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Repp S, Harputlu E, Gurgen S, Castellano M, Kremer N, Pompe N, Wörner J, Hoffmann A, Thomann R, Emen FM, Weber S, Ocakoglu K, Erdem E. Synergetic effects of Fe 3+ doped spinel Li 4Ti 5O 12 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for high surface electrode hybrid supercapacitors. Nanoscale 2018; 10:1877-1884. [PMID: 29313048 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based electrode materials were developed to achieve a hybrid supercapacitor (SC) function. Therefore, several synthesis methods were developed to prepare a cost effective and environmentally friendly rGO. Additionally, to maintain the high surface area, spinel lithium titanate (sLTO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and deposited on the rGO surface to inhibit the restacking of the rGO layers on graphite. Furthermore, the adequate Fe-doping of sLTO increased the ionic conductivity and the intercalation capacity, which is necessary for a SC performance. The sLTO/rGO-composites were electrochemically analysed by chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to determine the stability during charge/discharge cycling and the capacity, respectively. To overcome the drawback of LTO's low conductivity values, its value has been drastically increased by Fe-doping. The results demonstrated the remarkable cycling performance of the Fe:LTO/rGO composite as well as a higher capacity compared to LTO/rGO and pure rGO-electrodes. The thermal stability, degradation and weight loss of the sLTO/rGO in the temperature range between 20 °C and 800 °C were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG)/DTA. As a conclusion, it can be stated that, increasing the ionic conductivity by Fe-doping drastically increases the hybrid capacity of the SC electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Repp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seidenstuecker M, Kerr L, Bernstein A, Mayr HO, Suedkamp NP, Gadow R, Krieg P, Hernandez Latorre S, Thomann R, Syrowatka F, Esslinger S. 3D Powder Printed Bioglass and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Scaffolds. Materials (Basel) 2017; 11:ma11010013. [PMID: 29271932 PMCID: PMC5793511 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of both bioglass (BG) and β tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for bone replacement applications has been studied extensively due to the materials’ high biocompatibility and ability to resorb when implanted in the body. 3D printing has been explored as a fast and versatile technique for the fabrication of porous bone scaffolds. This project investigates the effects of using different combinations of a composite BG and β-TCP powder for 3D printing of porous bone scaffolds. Porous 3D powder printed bone scaffolds of BG, β-TCP, 50/50 BG/β-TCP and 70/30 BG/β-TCP compositions were subject to a variety of characterization and biocompatibility tests. The porosity characteristics, surface roughness, mechanical strength, viability for cell proliferation, material cytotoxicity and in vitro bioactivity were assessed. The results show that the scaffolds can support osteoblast-like MG-63 cells growth both on the surface of and within the scaffold material and do not show alarming cytotoxicity; the porosity and surface characteristics of the scaffolds are appropriate. Of the two tested composite materials, the 70/30 BG/β-TCP scaffold proved to be superior in terms of biocompatibility and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of the scaffolds makes them unsuitable for load bearing applications. However, they can be useful for other applications such as bone fillers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seidenstuecker
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Kerr
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
- School of Engineering, James Watt South Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Anke Bernstein
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hermann O Mayr
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert P Suedkamp
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Gadow
- Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 7b, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Peter Krieg
- Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 7b, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sergio Hernandez Latorre
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Thomann
- FMF-Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science (CMAT), Martin Luther University Halle, Heinrich Damerow Str. 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Steffen Esslinger
- Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 7b, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cecen V, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R, Friedrich C. Thermal conductivity, morphology and mechanical properties for thermally reduced graphite oxide-filled ethylene vinylacetate copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
18
|
Hofmann D, Kurek A, Thomann R, Schwabe J, Mark S, Enders M, Hees T, Mülhaupt R. Tailored Nanostructured HDPE Wax/UHMWPE Reactor Blends as Additives for Melt-Processable All-Polyethylene Composites and in Situ UHMWPE Fiber Reinforcement. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hofmann
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Alexander Kurek
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Jeremia Schwabe
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Stefan Mark
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Timo Hees
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials
Research Center
FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sarem M, Lüdeke S, Thomann R, Salavei P, Zou Z, Habraken W, Masic A, Shastri VP. Disordered Conformation with Low Pii Helix in Phosphoproteins Orchestrates Biomimetic Apatite Formation. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1701629. [PMID: 28714191 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between noncollagenous proteins and biomineralization is widely accepted, yet the contribution of their secondary structure in mineral formation remains to be clarified. This study demonstrates a role for phosvitin, an intrinsically disordered phosphoprotein, in chick embryo skeletal development, and using circular dichroism and matrix least-squares Henderson-Hasselbalch global fitting, unravels three distinct pH-dependent secondary structures in phosvitin. By sequestering phosvitin on a biomimetic 3D insoluble cationic framework at defined pHs, access is gained to phosvitin in various conformational states. Induction of biomimetic mineralization at near physiological conditions reveals that a disordered secondary structure with a low content of PII helix is remarkably efficient at promoting calcium adsorption, and results in the formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite through an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor. By extending this finding to phosphorylated full-length human recombinant dentin matrix protein-1 (17-513 AA), this bioinspired approach provides compelling evidence for the role of a disordered secondary structure in phosphoproteins in bone-like apatite formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melika Sarem
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| | - Steffen Lüdeke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Salavei
- BIOSS Toolbox, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wouter Habraken
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Science Park Golm, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02149, USA
| | - V Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute, Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Von Seth M, Hillered L, Otterbeck A, Hanslin K, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Cove ME, Chew NS, Vu LH, Lim RZ, Puthucheary Z, Hanslin K, Wilske F, Skorup P, Tano E, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Derese I, Thiessen S, Derde S, Dufour T, Pauwels L, Bekhuis Y, Van den Berghe G, Vanhorebeek I, Khan M, Dwivedi D, Zhou J, Prat A, Seidah NG, Liaw PC, Fox-Robichaud AE, Von Seth M, Skorup P, Hillered L, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Lipcsey M, Otterbeck A, Hanslin K, Lipcsey M, Larsson A, Von Seth M, Correa T, Pereira J, Takala J, Jakob S, Skorup P, Maudsdotter L, Tano E, Lipcsey M, Castegren M, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Xue M, Xu JY, Liu L, Huang YZ, Guo FM, Yang Y, Qiu HB, Kuzovlev A, Moroz V, Goloubev A, Myazin A, Chumachenko A, Pisarev V, Takeyama N, Tsuda M, Kanou H, Aoki R, Kajita Y, Hashiba M, Terashima T, Tomino A, Davies R, O’Dea KP, Soni S, Ward JK, O’Callaghan DJ, Takata M, Gordon AC, Wilson J, Zhao Y, Singer M, Spencer J, Shankar-Hari M, Genga KR, Lo C, Cirstea MS, Walley KR, Russell JA, Linder A, Boyd JH, Sedlag A, Riedel C, Georgieff M, Barth E, Debain A, Jonckheer J, Moeyersons W, Van zwam K, Puis L, Staessens K, Honoré PM, Spapen HD, De Waele E, de Garibay APR, Bracht H, Ende-Schneider B, Schreiber C, Kreymann B, Bini A, Votino E, Giuliano G, Steinberg I, Vetrugno L, Trunfio D, Sidoti A, Essig A, Brogi E, Forfori F, Conroy M, Marsh B, O’Flynn J, Henne-Bruns D, Gebhard F, Orend K, Halatsch M, Weiss M, Chase M, Freinkman E, Uber A, Liu X, Cocchi MN, Donnino MW, Peetermans M, Liesenborghs L, Claes J, Vanassche T, Hoylaerts M, Jacquemin M, Vanhoorelbeke K, De Meyer S, Verhamme P, Vögeli A, Ottiger M, Meier M, Steuer C, Bernasconi L, Huber A, Christ-Crain M, Henzen C, Hoess C, Thomann R, Zimmerli W, Müller B, Schütz P, Hoppensteadt D, Walborn A, Rondina M, Tsuruta K, Fareed J, Tachyla S, Ikeda T, Ono S, Ueno T, Suda S, Nagura T, Damiani E, Domizi R, Scorcella C, Tondi S, Pierantozzi S, Ciucani S, Mininno N, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Donati A, Andersen MS, Lu S, Lopez G, Lassen AT, Ghiran I, Shapiro NI, Trahtemberg U, Sviri S, Beil M, Agur Z, Van Heerden P, Jahaj E, Vassiliou A, Mastora Z, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A, Wirz Y, Sager R, Amin D, Amin A, Haubitz S, Hausfater P, Huber A, Kutz A, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Sager RS, Wirz YW, Amin DA, Amin AA, Hausfater PH, Huber AH, Haubitz S, Kutz A, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Gottin L, Dell’amore C, Stringari G, Cogo G, Ceolagraziadei M, Sommavilla M, Soldani F, Polati E, Meier M, Baumgartner T, Zurauskaité G, Gupta S, Mueller B, Devendra A, Schuetz P, Mandaci D, Eren G, Ozturk F, Emir N, Hergunsel O, Azaiez S, Khedher S, Maaoui A, Salem M, Chernevskaya E, Beloborodova N, Bedova A, Sarshor YU, Pautova A, Gusarov V, Öveges N, László I, Forgács M, Kiss T, Hankovszky P, Palágyi P, Bebes A, Gubán B, Földesi I, Araczki Á, Telkes M, Ondrik Z, Helyes Z, Kemény Á, Molnár Z, Spanuth E, Ebelt H, Ivandic B, Thomae R, Werdan K, El-Shafie M, Taema K, El-Hallag M, Kandeel A, Tayeh O, Taema K, Eldesouky M, Omara A, Winkler MS, Holzmann M, Nierhaus A, Mudersbach E, Schwedhelm E, Daum G, Kluge S, Zoellner C, Greiwe G, Sawari H, Schwedhelm E, Nierhaus A, Kluge S, Kubitz J, Jung R, Daum G, Reichenspurner H, Zoellner C, Winkler MS, Groznik M, Ihan A, Andersen LW, Chase M, Holmberg MJ, Wulff A, Cocchi MN, Donnino MW, Balci C, Haliloglu M, Bilgili B, Bilgin H, Kasapoglu U, Sayan I, Süzer M, Mulazımoglu L, Cinel I, Patel V, Shah S, Parulekar P, Minton C, Patel J, Ejimofo C, Choi H, Costa R, Caruso P, Nassar P, Fu J, Jin J, Xu Y, Kong J, Wu D, Yaguchi A, Klonis A, Ganguly S, Kollef M, Burnham C, Fuller B, Mavrommati A, Chatzilia D, Salla E, Papadaki E, Kamariotis S, Christodoulatos S, Stylianakis A, Alamanos G, Simoes M, Trigo E, Silva N, Martins P, Pimentel J, Baily D, Curran LA, Ahmadnia E, Patel BV, Adukauskiene D, Cyziute J, Adukauskaite A, Pentiokiniene D, Righetti F, Colombaroli E, Castellano G, Wilske F, Skorup P, Lipcsey M, Hanslin K, Larsson A, Sjölin J, Man M, Shum HP, Chan YH, Chan KC, Yan WW, Lee RA, Lau SK, Dilokpattanamongkol P, Thirapakpoomanunt P, Anakkamaetee R, Montakantikul P, Tangsujaritvijit V, Sinha S, Pati J, Sahu S, Adukauskiene D, Valanciene D, Dambrauskiene A, Adukauskiene D, Valanciene D, Dambrauskiene A, Hernandez K, Lopez T, Saca D, Bello M, Mahmood W, Hamed K, Al Badi N, AlThawadi S, Al Hosaini S, Salahuddin N, Cilloniz CC, Ceccato AC, Bassi GLL, Ferrer MF, Gabarrus AG, Ranzani OR, Jose ASS, Vidal CGG, de la Bella Casa JPP, Blasi FB, Torres AT, Adukauskiene D, Ciginskiene A, Dambrauskiene A, Simoliuniene R, Giuliano G, Triunfio D, Sozio E, Taddei E, Brogi E, Sbrana F, Ripoli A, Bertolino G, Tascini C, Forfori F, Fleischmann C, Goldfarb D, Schlattmann P, Schlapbach L, Kissoon N, Baykara N, Akalin H, Arslantas MK, Gavrilovic SG, Vukoja MV, Hache MH, Kashyap RK, Dong YD, Gajic OG, Ranzani O, Shankar-Hari M, Harrison D, Rabello L, Rowan K, Salluh J, Soares M, Markota AM, Fluher JF, Kogler DK, Borovšak ZB, Sinkovic AS, László I, Öveges N, Forgács M, Kiss T, Hankovszky P, Palágyi P, Bebes A, Gubán B, Földesi I, Araczki Á, Telkes M, Ondrik Z, Helyes Z, Kemény Á, Molnár Z, Fareed J, Siddiqui Z, Aggarwal P, Iqbal O, Hoppensteadt D, Lewis M, Wasmund R, Abro S, Raghuvir S, Tsuruta K, Barie PS, Fineberg D, Radford A, Tsuruta K, Casazza A, Vilardo A, Bellazzi E, Boschi R, Ciprandi D, Gigliuto C, Preda R, Vanzino R, Vetere M, Carnevale L, Kyriazopoulou E, Pistiki A, Routsi C, Tsangaris I, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Kyriazopoulou E, Tsangaris I, Routsi C, Pnevmatikos I, Vlachogiannis G, Antoniadou E, Mandragos K, Armaganidis A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Allan P, Oehmen R, Luo J, Ellis C, Latham P, Newman J, Pritchett C, Pandya D, Cripps A, Harris S, Jadav M, Langford R, Ko B, Park H, Beumer CM, Koch R, Beuningen DV, Oudelashof AM, Vd Veerdonk FL, Kolwijck E, VanderHoeven JG, Bergmans DC, Hoedemaekers C, Brandt JB, Golej J, Burda G, Mostafa G, Schneider A, Vargha R, Hermon M, Levin P, Broyer C, Assous M, Wiener-Well Y, Dahan M, Benenson S, Ben-Chetrit E, Faux A, Sherazi R, Sethi A, Saha S, Kiselevskiy M, Gromova E, Loginov S, Tchikileva I, Dolzhikova Y, Krotenko N, Vlasenko R, Anisimova N, Spadaro S, Fogagnolo A, Remelli F, Alvisi V, Romanello A, Marangoni E, Volta C, Degrassi A, Mearelli F, Casarsa C, Fiotti N, Biolo G, Cariqueo M, Luengo C, Galvez R, Romero C, Cornejo R, Llanos O, Estuardo N, Alarcon P, Magazi B, Khan S, Pasipanodya J, Eriksson M, Strandberg G, Lipsey M, Larsson A, Rajput Z, Hiscock F, Karadag T, Uwagwu J, Jain S, Molokhia A, Barrasa H, Soraluce A, Uson E, Rodriguez A, Isla A, Martin A, Fernández B, Fonseca F, Sánchez-Izquierdo JA, Maynar FJ, Kaffarnik M, Alraish R, Frey O, Roehr A, Stockmann M, Wicha S, Shortridge D, Castanheira M, Sader HS, Streit JM, Flamm RK, Falsetta K, Lam T, Reidt S, Jancik J, Kinoshita T, Yoshimura J, Yamakawa K, Fujimi S, Armaganidis A, Torres A, Zakynthinos S, Mandragos C, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Ramirez P, De la Torre-Prados M, Rodriguez A, Dale G, Wach A, Beni L, Hooftman L, Zwingelstein C, François B, Colin G, Dequin PF, Laterre PF, Perez A, Welte R, Lorenz I, Eller P, Joannidis M, Bellmann R, Lim S, Chana S, Patel S, Higuera J, Cabestrero D, Rey L, Narváez G, Blandino A, Aroca M, Saéz S, De Pablo R, Thiessen S, Vanhorebeek I, Derde S, Derese I, Dufour T, Albert CN, Langouche L, Goossens C, Peersman N, Vermeersch P, Vander Perre S, Holst J, Wouters P, Van den Berghe G, Liu X, Uber AU, Holmberg M, Konanki V, McNaughton M, Zhang J, Donnino MW, Demirkiran O, Byelyalov A, Luengo C, Guerrero J, Cariqueo M, Scorcella C, Domizi R, Damiani E, Tondi S, Pierantozzi S, Rossini N, Falanga U, Monaldi V, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Donati A, Cole O, Scawn N, Balciunas M, Blascovics I, Vuylsteke A, Salaunkey K, Omar A, Salama A, Allam M, Alkhulaifi A, Verstraete S, Vanhorebeek I, Van Puffelen E, Derese I, Ingels C, Verbruggen S, Wouters P, Joosten K, Hanot J, Guerra G, Vlasselaers D, Lin J, Van den Berghe G, Haines R, Zolfaghari P, Hewson R, Offiah C, Prowle J, Park H, Ko B, Buter H, Veenstra JA, Koopmans M, Boerma EC, Veenstra JA, Buter H, Koopmans M, Boerma EC, Taha A, Shafie A, Hallaj S, Gharaibeh D, Hon H, Bizrane M, El Khattate AA, Madani N, Abouqal R, Belayachi J, Kongpolprom N, Sanguanwong N, Sanaie S, Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Biderman P, Van Heerden P, Avitzur Y, Solomon S, Iakobishvili Z, Carmi U, Gorfil D, Singer P, Paisley C, Patrick-Heselton J, Mogk M, Humphreys J, Welters I, Pierantozzi S, Scorcella C, Domizi R, Damiani E, Tondi S, Casarotta E, Bolognini S, Adrario E, Pelaia P, Donati A, Holmberg MJ, Moskowitz A, Patel P, Grossestreuer A, Uber A, Andersen LW, Donnino MW, Malinverni S, Goedeme D, Mols P, Langlois PL, Szwec C, D’Aragon F, Heyland DK, Manzanares W, Manzanares W, Szwec C, Langlois P, Aramendi I, Heyland D, Stankovic N, Nadler J, Uber A, Holmberg M, Sanchez L, Wolfe R, Chase M, Donnino M, Cocchi M, Atalan HK, Gucyetmez B, Kavlak ME, Aslan S, Kargi A, Yazici S, Donmez R, Polat KY, Piechota M, Piechota A, Misztal M, Bernas S, Pietraszek-Grzywaczewska I, Saleh M, Hamdy A, Hamdy A, Elhallag M, Atar F, Kundakci A, Gedik E, Sahinturk H, Zeyneloglu P, Pirat A, Popescu M, Tomescu D, Van Gassel R, Baggerman M, Schaap F, Bol M, Nicolaes G, Beurskens D, Damink SO, Van de Poll M, Horibe M, Sasaki M, Sanui M, Iwasaki E, Sawano H, Goto T, Ikeura T, Hamada T, Oda T, Mayumi T, Kanai T, Kjøsen G, Horneland R, Rydenfelt K, Aandahl E, Tønnessen T, Haugaa H, Lockett P, Evans L, Somerset L, Ker-Reid F, Laver S, Courtney E, Dalton S, Georgiou A, Robinson K, Lam T, Haas B, Reidt S, Bartlett K, Jancik J, Bigwood M, Hanley R, Morgan P, Marouli D, Chatzimichali A, Kolyvaki S, Panteli A, Diamantaki E, Pediaditis E, Sirogianni P, Ginos P, Kondili E, Georgopoulos D, Askitopoulou H, Zampieri FG, Liborio AB, Besen BA, Cavalcanti AB, Dominedò C, Dell’Anna AM, Monayer A, Grieco DL, Barelli R, Cutuli SL, Maddalena AI, Picconi E, Sonnino C, Sandroni C, Antonelli M, Gucyetmez B, Atalan HK, Tuzuner F, Cakar N, Jacob M, Sahu S, Singh YP, Mehta Y, Yang KY, Kuo S, Rai V, Cheng T, Ertmer C, Czempik P, Hutchings S, Watts S, Wilson C, Burton C, Kirkman E, Drennan D, O’Prey A, MacKay A, Forrest R, Oglinda A, Ciobanu G, Casian M, Oglinda C, Lun CT, Yuen HJ, Ng G, Leung A, So SO, Chan HS, Lai KY, Sanguanwit P, Charoensuk W, Phakdeekitcharoen B, Batres-Baires G, Kammerzell I, Lahmer T, Mayr U, Schmid R, Huber W, Spanuth E, Bomberg H, Klingele M, Thomae R, Groesdonk H, Bernas S, Piechota M, Mirkiewicz K, Pérez AG, Silva J, Ramos A, Acharta F, Perezlindo M, Lovesio L, Antonelli PG, Dogliotti A, Lovesio C, Baron J, Schiefer J, Baron DM, Faybik P, Shum HP, Yan WW, Chan TM, Marouli D, Chatzimichali A, Kolyvaki S, Panteli A, Diamantaki E, Pediaditis E, Sirogianni P, Ginos P, Kondili E, Georgopoulos D, Askitopoulou H, Vicka V, Gineityte D, Ringaitiene D, Sipylaite J, Pekarskiene J, Beurskens DM, Van Smaalen TC, Hoogland P, Winkens B, Christiaans MH, Reutelingsperger CP, Van Heurn E, Nicolaes GA, Schmitt FS, Salgado ES, Friebe JF, Fleming TF, Zemva JZ, Schmoch TS, Uhle FU, Kihm LK, Morath CM, Nusshag CN, Zeier MZ, Bruckner TB, Mehrabi AM, Nawroth PN, Weigand MW, Hofer SH, Brenner TB, Fotopoulou G, Poularas I, Kokkoris S, Brountzos E, Zakynthinos S, Routsi C, Saleh M, Elghonemi M, Nilsson KF, Sandin J, Gustafsson L, Frithiof R, Skorniakov I, Varaksin A, Vikulova D, Shaikh O, Whiteley C, Ostermann M, Di Lascio G, Anicetti L, Bonizzoli M, Fulceri G, Migliaccio ML, Sentina P, Cozzolino M, Peris A, Khadzhynov D, Halleck F, Staeck O, Lehner L, Budde K, Slowinski T, Slowinski T, Kindgen-Milles D, Khadzhynov D, Huysmans N, Laenen MV, Helmschrodt A, Boer W. 37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 3 of 3). Crit Care 2017. [PMCID: PMC5374592 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
21
|
Fodor C, Kali G, Thomann R, Thomann Y, Iván B, Mülhaupt R. Nanophasic morphologies as a function of the composition and molecular weight of the macromolecular cross-linker in poly(N-vinylimidazole)-l-poly(tetrahydrofuran) amphiphilic conetworks: bicontinuous domain structure in broad composition ranges. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25356c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositionally asymmetrical morphologies and cocontinous nanophase-separated structures are formed over a broad composition range, affected by composition and the molecular weights of macromonomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fodor
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
| | - Gergely Kali
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- D-79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- D-79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- University of Freiburg
- D-79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Compatibilization of an immiscible binary blend comprising a conjugated electron donor and a conjugated electron acceptor polymer with suitable electronic properties upon addition of a block copolymer (BCP) composed of the same building blocks is demonstrated. Efficient compatibilization during melt-annealing is feasible when the two polymers are immiscible in the melt, i.e. above the melting point of ∼250 °C of the semicrystalline donor polymer P3HT. To generate immiscibility at these high temperatures, the acceptor polymer PCDTBT is equipped with fluorinated side chains leading to an increased Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. Compatibilization in bulk and thin films is demonstrated, showing that the photovoltaic performance of pristine microphase separated and nanostructured BCPs can also be obtained for compatibilized blend films containing low contents of 10-20 wt % BCP. Thermodynamically stable domain sizes range between several tens of microns for pure blends and ∼10 nm for pure block copolymers. In addition to controlling domain size, the amount of block copolymer added dictates the ratio of edge-on and face-on P3HT crystals, with compatibilized films showing an increasing amount of face-on P3HT crystals with increasing amount of compatibilizer. This study demonstrates the prerequisites and benefits of compatibilizing all-conjugated semicrystalline polymer blends for organic photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lombeck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute , Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge , 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sommer
- Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT, Freiburger Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pham CV, Repp S, Thomann R, Krueger M, Weber S, Erdem E. Charge transfer and surface defect healing within ZnO nanoparticle decorated graphene hybrid materials. Nanoscale 2016; 8:9682-7. [PMID: 27108994 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To harness the unique properties of graphene and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for novel applications, the development of graphene-ZnO nanoparticle hybrid materials has attracted great attention and is the subject of ongoing research. For this contribution, graphene-oxide-ZnO (GO-ZnO) and thiol-functionalized reduced graphene oxide-ZnO (TrGO-ZnO) nanohybrid materials were prepared by novel self-assembly processes. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photoluminescence (PL) investigations on bare ZnO NPs, GO-ZnO and TrGO-ZnO hybrid materials, we found that several physical phenomena were occurring when ZnO NPs were hybridized with GO and TrGO. The electrons trapped in Zn vacancy defects (VZn(-)) within the core of ZnO NPs vanished by transfer to GO and TrGO in the hybrid materials, thus leading to the disappearance of the core signals in the EPR spectra of ZnO NPs. The thiol groups of TrGO and sulfur can effectively "heal" the oxygen vacancy (VO(+)) related surface defects of ZnO NPs while oxygen-containing functionalities have low healing ability at a synthesis temperature of 100 °C. Photoexcited electron transfer from the conduction band of ZnO NPs to graphene leads to photoluminescence (PL) quenching of near band gap emission (NBE) of both GO-ZnO and TrGO-ZnO. Simultaneously, electron transfer from graphene to defect states of ZnO NPs is the origin of enhanced green defect emission from GO-ZnO. This observation is consistent with the energy level diagram model of hybrid materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyen V Pham
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergej Repp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Krueger
- Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. and Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Emre Erdem
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wyss PP, Lamichhane S, Rauber M, Thomann R, Krämer KW, Shastri VP. Tripod USPIONs with high aspect ratio show enhanced T2 relaxation and cytocompatibility. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1017-30. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We synthesized ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) with tripod morphology and studied the effect of the aspect ratio (AR) of the tripod arms on mass magnetization, T2 relaxation and cytocompatibility in human cell lines. Materials & methods: Tripods were prepared by controlling the temperature during the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5, and their magnetic properties were characterized by superconducting quantum interference device, and NMR. Citric acid stabilized USPIONs were used to assess cytocompatibility. Results: T2 relaxivity of tripods showed dependency on AR of the tripod arm. Liver enzyme levels in presence of tripods were comparable to spherical USPIONs, and surprisingly tripods induced lower levels of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: Tripod USPIONs with high AR arms possess excellent magnetic properties and cytocompatibility for further exploration as MRI contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P Wyss
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Surya Lamichhane
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rauber
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Life Science, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl W Krämer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - V Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fodor C, Stumphauser T, Thomann R, Thomann Y, Iván B. Poly(N-vinylimidazole)-l-poly(propylene glycol) amphiphilic conetworks and gels: molecularly forced blends of incompatible polymers with single glass transition temperatures of unusual dependence on the composition. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00848h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New molecularly forced blends of incompatible poly(N-vinylimidazole) and poly(propylene glycol) polymers with single glass transition temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fodor
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
| | - Tímea Stumphauser
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center
- Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
- D-79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center
- Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg
- D-79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- H-1117 Budapest
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blum K, Wiest W, Fella C, Balles A, Dittmann J, Rack A, Maier D, Thomann R, Spies BC, Kohal RJ, Zabler S, Nelson K. Fatigue induced changes in conical implant–abutment connections. Dent Mater 2015; 31:1415-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
27
|
Alan M, Grolimund E, Kutz A, Christ-Crain M, Thomann R, Falconnier C, Hoess C, Henzen C, Zimmerli W, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Clinical risk scores and blood biomarkers as predictors of long-term outcome in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a 6-year prospective follow-up study. J Intern Med 2015; 278:174-84. [PMID: 25529395 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prediction of long-term outcomes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is incompletely understood. We investigated the value of clinical risk scores [pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65] (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood Pressure, Age >65 years) and blood biomarkers of different physiopathological pathways in predicting long-term survival in a well-characterized cohort of patients with CAP enrolled in an antibiotic stewardship trial. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Patients admitted with CAP to six medical centres in Switzerland were prospectively followed for 6 years. Cox regression models and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were used to investigate associations between initial risk assessment and all-cause mortality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE All-cause mortality during a 6-year follow-up period. RESULTS Six-year mortality in the present cohort (median age 73 years) was 45.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 41.8-48.3%]. Initial PSI and CURB-65 scores both had excellent long-term prognostic accuracy, with a stepwise increase in mortality per risk class. The hazard ratios (95% CI) of the highest PSI and CURB-65 classes (reference: lowest class) were 38.0 (14.0-103.0) and 7.8 (2.2-14.5), respectively, after 6 years. The addition of inflammatory (pro-adrenomedullin) and cardiac (pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) blood biomarkers measured upon hospital admission further improved the prognostic capabilities of the PSI (AUC increase from 0.79 to 0.83; P < 0.0001) and the CURB-65 score (AUC increase from 0.73 to 0.80; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Risk assessment using clinical scores allowed accurate long-term prognostication, which was further improved by the addition of two inflammatory (pro-adrenomedullin) and cardiac (pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) blood biomarkers. These data provide a rationale for a more risk-adapted, 'personalized' strategy for long-term management of patients with CAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alan
- University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - E Grolimund
- University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - A Kutz
- University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - M Christ-Crain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Thomann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bürgerspital Solothurn, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - C Falconnier
- Basel University Medical Clinic Liestal, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - C Hoess
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - C Henzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kantonsspital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - W Zimmerli
- Basel University Medical Clinic Liestal, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - B Mueller
- University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - P Schuetz
- University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Szabó Á, Wacha A, Thomann R, Szarka G, Bóta A, Iván B. Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-polyisobutylene ABCBA Pentablock Copolymers by Combining Quasiliving Carbocationic and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations and Characterization Thereof. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
Keutmann IC, Melzer B, Seidel R, Thomann R, Speck T. Review: The Functions of Phytoliths in Land Plants. Biologically-Inspired Systems 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9398-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
30
|
|
31
|
Blum CA, Nigro N, Briel M, Schuetz P, Ullmer E, Suter-Widmer I, Winzeler B, Bingisser R, Elsaesser H, Drozdov D, Arici B, Urwyler SA, Refardt J, Tarr P, Wirz S, Thomann R, Baumgartner C, Duplain H, Burki D, Zimmerli W, Rodondi N, Mueller B, Christ-Crain M. Adjunct prednisone therapy for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Crit Care 2015. [PMCID: PMC4470455 DOI: 10.1186/cc14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
32
|
Drechsler M, Garbacz G, Thomann R, Schubert R. Development and evaluation of chitosan and chitosan/Kollicoat® Smartseal 30 D film-coated tablets for colon targeting. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:807-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
33
|
Beckert F, Bodendorfer S, Zhang W, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Mechanochemical Route to Graphene-Supported Iron Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization and in Situ Formation of Carbon/Polyolefin Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Beckert
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße
31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Bodendorfer
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße
31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - W. Zhang
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße
31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R. Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R. Mülhaupt
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße
31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Skaria S, Thomann R, Gómez-Garcia CJ, Vanmaele L, Loccufier J, Frey H, Stiriba SE. A convenient approach to amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers with thioether shell for the preparation and stabilization of coinage metal (Cu, Ag, Au) nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Skaria
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungzentrum FMF der Universität Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21/31 D-79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Carlos J. Gómez-Garcia
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular / ICMol; Universidad de Valencia; C/ Catedrático Jose Beltrán, 2 46980 Valencia Spain
| | - Luc Vanmaele
- Materials Technology Centre; Agfa Gevaert NV Septestraat 2 B-2640 Mortsel Belgium
| | - Johan Loccufier
- Materials Technology Centre; Agfa Gevaert NV Septestraat 2 B-2640 Mortsel Belgium
| | - Holger Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Salah-Eddine Stiriba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular / ICMol; Universidad de Valencia; C/ Catedrático Jose Beltrán, 2 46980 Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Güder F, Frei E, Kücükbayrak UM, Menzel A, Thomann R, Luptak R, Hollaender B, Krossing I, Zacharias M. Engineered high aspect ratio vertical nanotubes as a model system for the investigation of catalytic methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:1576-1582. [PMID: 24392784 DOI: 10.1021/am4042959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically synthesized methanol from H2 and CO2 using porous Cu/ZnO aggregates is a promising, carbon neutral, and renewable alternative to replace fossil fuel based transport fuels. However, the absence of surface-engineered model systems to understand and improve the industrial Cu/ZnO catalyst poses a big technological gap in efforts to increase industrial methanol conversion efficiency. In this work, we report a novel process for the fabrication of patterned, vertically aligned high aspect ratio 1D nanostructures on Si that can be used as an engineered model catalyst. The proposed strategy employs near-field phase shift lithography (NF-PSL), deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), and atomic layer deposition (ALD) to pattern, etch, and coat Si wafers to produce high aspect ratio 1D nanostructures. Using this method, we produced a model system consisting of high aspect ratio Cu-decorated ZnO nanotubes (NTs) to investigate the morphological effects of ZnO catalyst support in comparison to the planar Cu/ZnO catalyst in terms of the catalytic reactions. The engineered catalysts performed 70 times better in activating CO2 than the industrial catalyst. In light of the obtained results, several important points are highlighted, and recommendations are made to achieve higher catalytic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firat Güder
- Laboratory for Nanotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg , Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Turcsán T, Mészáros L, Khumalo VM, Thomann R, Karger-Kocsis J. Fracture behavior of boehmite-filled polypropylene block copolymer nanocomposites as assessed by the essential work of fracture concept. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Turcsán
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - László Mészáros
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Vincent Mandla Khumalo
- Department of Polymer Technology; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment; Tshwane University of Technology; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Polymer Technology; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment; Tshwane University of Technology; Pretoria 0001 South Africa
- MTA-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Forget A, Christensen J, Lüdeke S, Kohler E, Tobias S, Matloubi M, Thomann R, Shastri VP. Polysaccharide hydrogels with tunable stiffness and provasculogenic properties via α-helix to β-sheet switch in secondary structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12887-92. [PMID: 23886665 PMCID: PMC3740890 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222880110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical aspects of the cellular environment can influence cell function, and in this context hydrogels can serve as an instructive matrix. Here we report that physicochemical properties of hydrogels derived from polysaccharides (agarose, κ-carrageenan) having an α-helical backbone can be tailored by inducing a switch in the secondary structure from α-helix to β-sheet through carboxylation. This enables the gel modulus to be tuned over four orders of magnitude (G' 6 Pa-3.6 × 10(4) Pa) independently of polymer concentration and molecular weight. Using carboxylated agarose gels as a screening platform, we demonstrate that soft-carboxylated agarose provides a unique environment for the polarization of endothelial cells in the presence of soluble and bound signals, which notably does not occur in fibrin and collagen gels. Furthermore, endothelial cells organize into freestanding lumens over 100 μm in length. The finding that a biomaterial can modulate soluble and bound signals provides impetus for exploring mechanobiology paradigms in regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- BIOSS–Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, and
| | - Jon Christensen
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- BIOSS–Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, and
| | - Steffen Lüdeke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Kohler
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- BIOSS–Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, and
| | | | | | | | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry
- BIOSS–Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, and
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Beckert F, Rostas AM, Thomann R, Weber S, Schleicher E, Friedrich C, Mülhaupt R. Self-Initiated Free Radical Grafting of Styrene Homo- and Copolymers onto Functionalized Graphene. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400895f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Beckert
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg,
Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular
Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arpad M. Rostas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
of the University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
of the University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erik Schleicher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
of the University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg,
Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular
Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Appel AK, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Hydroxyalkylation and Polyether Polyol Grafting of Graphene Tailored for Graphene/Polyurethane Nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1249-55. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Appel
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31; D-79117; Freiburg; Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31; D-79117; Freiburg; Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31; D-79117; Freiburg; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Thomann R, Schütz P, Müller B, Thomke S, Schoenenberger R, Keller U. Evaluation of an algorithm for intensive subcutaneous insulin therapy in noncritically ill hospitalised patients with hyperglycaemia in a randomised controlled trial. Swiss Med Wkly 2013; 143:w13808. [DOI: 10.4414/smw.2013.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
41
|
Schadt K, Kerscher B, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Structured Semifluorinated Polymer Ionic Liquids for Metal Nanoparticle Preparation and Dispersion in Fluorous Compartments. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400551e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Schadt
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.
Br., Germany
| | - Benjamin Kerscher
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.
Br., Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.
Br., Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.
Br., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kerscher
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Appel
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104
Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schneider J, Jallouk AP, Vasquez D, Thomann R, Forget A, Pino CJ, Shastri VP. Surface functionality as a means to impact polymer nanoparticle size and structure. Langmuir 2013; 29:4092-4095. [PMID: 23438034 DOI: 10.1021/la304075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
When polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are formed by nanoprecipitation, which is a nucleation-growth process, the control over size requires changing the polymer concentration or solvent composition. Here, we demonstrate that the NP size can be controlled independent of polymer variables by introducing a polyelectrolyte (PE) in the aqueous phase. PEs that exhibit hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) yield a reduction in NP size, whereas PEs that do not possess this characteristic promote the formation of larger NPs. The observed effect can be attributed to the formation of a diffusional barrier around the NP in the form of a dense shell. This principle of controlling NP size is not limited to polymers and can also be employed in the production of lipid NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jahanshahi K, Botiz I, Reiter R, Thomann R, Heck B, Shokri R, Stille W, Reiter G. Crystallization of Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate) in Thin Film Solutions: Structure and Pattern Formation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3024602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwan Jahanshahi
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albertstrasse 19, 79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renate Reiter
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Heck
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Roozbeh Shokri
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104
Freiburg, Germany
| | - Werner Stille
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg,
Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, 79104
Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albertstrasse 19, 79104
Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schüler F, Kerscher B, Beckert F, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Hyperbranched Polymeric Ionic Liquids with Onion-like Topology as Transporters and Compartmentalized Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:455-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
46
|
Schüler F, Kerscher B, Beckert F, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Hyperverzweigte polymere ionische Flüssigkeiten mit zwiebelartiger Topologie als Transporter und kompartimentierte Systeme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
47
|
Škovranová L, Borsig E, Streller R, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R, Ujhelyiová A, Berek D, Patsiga RA. Polypropylene + boehmite nanocomposite fibers. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2012-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of nanosized filler particles on mechanical properties of composite fibers has some specific features related to the fiber matrix, its preparation and the filler content, as well as the orientation of the fibers at their drawing. This paper discusses the manner of dispersion of chemically unmodified boehmite type nanofiller, Disperal 40 (D40) or Disperal 60 (D60) in polypropylene (iPP) fibers, and the influence of filler and its particle size on the tenacity, modulus and elongation of the iPP fibers. It was found that filler D40 was effective in increasing the tenacity only up to a content of about 1 wt% and in fibers prepared only at higher drawing ratios. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures of the cut iPP+D40 or iPP+D60 fibers have shown the presence of aggregation of nanosized boehmite particles in all cases. A comparison of the effects of two different particle sized fillers on the mechanical properties of the isotactic PP (iPP) fibers showed that a small difference between the particle sizes of both kinds of filler plays some role regarding the tensile strength of the fibers. The iPP fibers containing a mixture of D40 and D60 showed some deviations from the expected sum of the effects of both fillers on their mechanical properties.
Collapse
|
48
|
Appel AK, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Polyurethane nanocomposites prepared from solvent-free stable dispersions of functionalized graphene nanosheets in polyols. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
49
|
Ho CH, Thiel M, Celik S, Odermatt EK, Berndt I, Thomann R, Tiller JC. Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis of hyperbranched and highly branched polylysine towards amphiphilic core–shell nanocontainers for metal nanoparticles. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
50
|
Beckert F, Friedrich C, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R. Sulfur-Functionalized Graphenes as Macro-Chain-Transfer and RAFT Agents for Producing Graphene Polymer Brushes and Polystyrene Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301379z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Beckert
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center, FMF and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center, FMF and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center, FMF and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research
Center, FMF and Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry of the University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|