21401
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Esparza-López J, Ramos-Elías PA, Castro-Sánchez A, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Escobar-Arriaga E, Zentella-Dehesa A, León-Rodríguez E, Medina-Franco H, Ibarra-Sánchez MDJ. Primary breast cancer cell culture yields intra-tumor heterogeneous subpopulations expressing exclusive patterns of receptor tyrosine kinases. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:740. [PMID: 27645148 PMCID: PMC5028979 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has become evident that intra-tumor heterogeneity of breast cancer impact on several biological processes such as proliferation, migration, cell death and also might contribute to chemotherapy resistance. The expression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) has not been analyzed in the context of intra-tumor heterogeneity in a primary breast cancer cell culture. Several subpopulations were isolated from the MBCDF (M serial-breast cancer ductal F line) primary breast cancer cells and were successfully maintained in culture and divided in two groups according to their morphology and RTKs expression pattern, and correlated with biological processes like proliferation, migration, anchorage-independent cell growth, and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods Subpopulations were isolated from MBCDF primary breast cancer cell culture by limiting dilution. RTKs and hormone receptors were examined by Western blot. Proliferation was measure by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay). Cell viability was evaluated by Crystal Violet. Migration was assessed using Boyden chambers. Anchorage-independent cell growth was evaluated by colony formation in soft agar. Results Several subpopulations were isolated from the MBCDF breast cancer cells that were divided into two groups according to their morphology. Analysis of RTKs expression pattern showed that HER1, HER3, c-Met and VEGFR2 were expressed exclusively in cells from group 1, but not in cells from group 2. PDGFR was expressed only in cells from group 2, but not in cells from group 1. HER2, HER4, c-Kit, IGF1-R were expressed in all subpopulations. Biological processes correlated with the RTKs expression pattern. Group 2 subpopulations present the highest rate of cell proliferation, migration and anchorage-independent cell growth. Analysis of susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs and TKIs showed that only Paclitaxel and Imatinib behaved differently between groups. Group 1-cells were resistant to both Paclitaxel and Imatinib. Conclusions We demonstrated that subpopulations from MBCDF primary cell culture could be divided into two groups according to their morphology and a RTKs excluding-expression pattern. The differences observed in RTKs expression correlate with the biological characteristics and chemoresistance of each group. These results suggest that intra-tumor heterogeneity contributes to generate groups of subpopulations with a more aggressive phenotype within the tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2769-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Esparza-López
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Pier A Ramos-Elías
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Andrea Castro-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04500, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Escobar-Arriaga
- Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Camino a Santa Teresa # 1055, México, CP 10700, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04500, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Eucario León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Medina-Franco
- Departamento de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - María de Jesus Ibarra-Sánchez
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP 14080, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
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21402
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El Fahssi M, Lomdo M, Bounaim A, Ali AA, Sair K. [Parietal-scar endometriosis after cesarean section: a rare entity]. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24:79. [PMID: 27642418 PMCID: PMC5012785 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.79.8680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wall endometriosis is a rare clinical entity whose pathophysiology remains unclear. It occurs most frequently after gynecologic or obstetric surgery. We report the case of a patient with cyclic pain at the caesarean section scar. Clinical examination showed a 5 cm mass in the right iliac fossa. Tomodensitometry revealed a tissue density mass (45mm on the major axis). Hence, the decision to perform a wide excision of the lesion. Anatomo-pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of parietal endometriosis. Postoperative sequelae were simple with a follow-up period of 20 months with no recurrence of the mass or of the pain. Our study highlights the characteristics of this disease to allow the health practitioner to understand the importance of diagnosis, of early treatment of this disease as well as of the possibility to prevent it during each gynecologic or obstetric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Fahssi
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale I de l'Hôpital Militaire Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Massama Lomdo
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale I de l'Hôpital Militaire Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Ahmed Bounaim
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale I de l'Hôpital Militaire Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelmounaim Ait Ali
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale I de l'Hôpital Militaire Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Khalid Sair
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale I de l'Hôpital Militaire Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc
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21403
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Activation of Adenosine 2A receptor inhibits neutrophil apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner in mice with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33614. [PMID: 27647162 PMCID: PMC5028892 DOI: 10.1038/srep33614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an overwhelming whole body inflammation caused by infectious diseases or sterile insults. Neutrophils are the dominant participants during inflammation, and their survival and death determine the initiation as well as resolution of SIRS. Apoptosis and autophagy are two fundamental cellular processes that modulating cell fate, but their correlation and regulators in neutrophils under SIRS condition have not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that high dose of LPS induced both apoptosis and autophagy of neutrophils in a mouse SIRS model and LPS-stimulated neutrophils in vitro. Moreover, we found that the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), a known anti-inflammatory G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), could inhibit LPS-induced neutrophil apoptosis by suppressing the LPS-induced autophagy. Activation of A2AR suppressed LPS-induced autophagy by inhibiting the ROS-JNK pathway as well as promoting GPCR βϒ subunit–AKT signaling. The A2AR-inhibited autophagy suppressed apoptosis of neutrophils by blocking caspase8, caspase3 and PARP signaling. These findings not only increase our understandings of neutrophils’ fate and function in response to systemic inflammation, but also identify a novel anti-inflammatory role of A2AR in modulating neutrophils’ survival during inflammation.
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21404
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Krishnadath ISK, Jaddoe VWV, Nahar-van Venrooij LM, Toelsie JR. Ethnic differences in prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in the Suriname Health Study: a cross sectional population study. Popul Health Metr 2016; 14:33. [PMID: 27660556 PMCID: PMC5026769 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-016-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available about the prevalence, ethnic disparities, and risk factors of hypertension within developing countries. We used data from a nationwide study on non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors to estimate, explore, and compare the prevalence of hypertension overall and in subgroups of risk factors among different ethnic groups in Suriname. METHOD The Suriname Health Study used the World Health Organization Steps design to select respondents with a stratified multistage cluster sample of households. The overall and ethnic specific prevalences of hypertension were calculated in general and in subgroups of sex, age, marital status, educational level, income status, employment, smoking status, residence, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Differences in the prevalence between ethnic subgroups were assessed using the Chi-square test. We used several adjustment models to explore whether the observed ethnic differences were explained by biological, demographic, lifestyle, or anthropometric risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension was 26.2 % (95 % confidence interval 25.1 %-27.4 %). Men had higher mean values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to women. Blood pressure increased with age. The prevalence was highest for Creole, Hindustani, and Javanese and lowest for Amerindians, Mixed, and Maroons. Differences between ethnic groups were measured in the prevalence of hypertension in subcategories of sex, marital status, education, income, smoking, physical activity, and BMI. The major difference in association of ethnic groups with hypertension was between Hindustani and Amerindians. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension in Suriname was in the range of developing countries. The highest prevalence was found in Creoles, Hindustani, and Javanese. Differences in the prevalence of hypertension were observed between ethnic subgroups with biological, demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric risk factors. These findings emphasize the need for ethnic-specific research and prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S. K. Krishnadath
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lenny M. Nahar-van Venrooij
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Jerry R. Toelsie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
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21405
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Mohan SP, Chitturi RT, Ragunathan YT, Lakshmi SJ, Nallusamy J, Joseph I. Minor Salivary Gland Changes in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Histopathological Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC12-5. [PMID: 27630945 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20218.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common etiology for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is tobacco and tobacco related products which cause nuclear damage to the keratinocytes. The chemical carcinogens not only affect the lining of oral epithelium but also affect the lining epithelium of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands. Thus, there is a possibility of epithelial dysplasia of the salivary duct epithelium which may lead to potential malignant transformation. AIM The study was performed to see the changes in the minor salivary glands and excretory ducts in cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 278 archival cases of mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, OSCC including verrucous carcinoma were histopathologically evaluated to observe changes in the excretory ducts and the minor salivary glands. RESULTS In the study there were 56.5% males and 43.5% females. The age group that was most commonly affected in both the sexes was 50-60 yr old. Buccal mucosa was the most common site of involvement. Ductal changes observed in the excretory duct include simple hyperplasia, metaplastic changes such as mucous, oncocytic & squamous, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and malignant cells. Acinar changes observed were degeneration, squamous metaplasia, myoepithelial cell proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Both the excretory ducts and ducts within the gland showed dysplasia. CONCLUSION According to observations in our study it is suggested that histopathological interpretation for oral mucosal lesions especially oral epithelial dysplasias and OSCC should also include changes related to salivary gland tissue to provide a better treatment plan and prevent recurrence of the malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Paramel Mohan
- Head of Department, Deparment of Oral Pathology, Director, Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Dean, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences , Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Teja Chitturi
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies , St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Suman Jhansi Lakshmi
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, K S R Institute of Dental Science and Research , Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jaisanghar Nallusamy
- Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences , Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Isaac Joseph
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology, Sree Moogambigai Dental College , Kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India
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21406
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Dreskin SC, Halsey NA, Kelso JM, Wood RA, Hummell DS, Edwards KM, Caubet JC, Engler RJM, Gold MS, Ponvert C, Demoly P, Sanchez-Borges M, Muraro A, Li JT, Rottem M, Rosenwasser LJ. International Consensus (ICON): allergic reactions to vaccines. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:32. [PMID: 27679682 PMCID: PMC5026780 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine immunization, one of the most effective public health interventions, has effectively reduced death and morbidity due to a variety of infectious diseases. However, allergic reactions to vaccines occur very rarely and can be life threatening. Given the large numbers of vaccines administered worldwide, there is a need for an international consensus regarding the evaluation and management of allergic reactions to vaccines. METHODS Following a review of the literature, and with the active participation of representatives from the World Allergy Organization (WAO), the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI), and the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (ACAAI), the final committee was formed with the purpose of having members who represented a wide-range of countries, had previously worked on vaccine safety, and included both allergist/immunologists as well as vaccinologists. RESULTS Consensus was reached on a variety of topics, including: definition of immediate allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, approaches to distinguish association from causality, approaches to patients with a history of an allergic reaction to a previous vaccine, and approaches to patients with a history of an allergic reaction to components of vaccines. CONCLUSIONS This document provides comprehensive and internationally accepted guidelines and access to on-line documents to help practitioners around the world identify allergic reactions following immunization. It also provides a framework for the evaluation and further management of patients who present either following an allergic reaction to a vaccine or with a history of allergy to a component of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Dreskin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Neal A. Halsey
- Institute for Vaccine Safety, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John M. Kelso
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Robert A. Wood
- The Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Donna S. Hummell
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva and Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renata J. M. Engler
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Allergy-Immunology-Immunization, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michael S. Gold
- Disipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia Australia
| | - Claude Ponvert
- Department Paediatrics, Pulmonology and Allergy service, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve - University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier cedex 05 – FRANCE and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMR-S 1136 INSERM, IPLESP, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mario Sanchez-Borges
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre Department of Women and Child health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - James T. Li
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Menachem Rottem
- Allergy Asthma and Immunology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lanny J. Rosenwasser
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Children’s Mercy Hospital and the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
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21407
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Márquez-Escobar VA, Rosales-Mendoza S, Beltrán-López JI, González-Ortega O. Plant-based vaccines against respiratory diseases: current status and future prospects. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:137-149. [PMID: 27599605 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1232167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory infections have an enormous, worldwide epidemiologic impact on humans and animals. Among the prophylactic measures, vaccination has the potential to neutralize this impact. New technologies for vaccine production and delivery are of importance in this field since they offer the potential to develop new immunization approaches overriding the current limitations that comprise high cost, safety issues, and limited efficacy. Areas covered: In the present review, the state of the art in developing plant-based vaccines against respiratory diseases is presented. The review was based on the analysis of current biomedical literature. Expert commentary: Preclinical and clinical evaluations of several vaccine candidates against influenza, tuberculosis, respiratory syncytial virus, pneumonia, anthrax and asthma are discussed and placed in perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi , San Luis Potosi , Mexico
| | - Josué I Beltrán-López
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi , San Luis Potosi , Mexico
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi , San Luis Potosi , Mexico
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21408
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García-Contreras R. Is Quorum Sensing Interference a Viable Alternative to Treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections? Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1454. [PMID: 27683577 PMCID: PMC5021973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) coordinates the expression of multiple virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa; hence its inhibition has been postulated as a new alternative to treat its infections. In particular, QS interference approaches claim that they attenuate bacterial virulence without directly decreasing bacterial growth and suggest that in vivo the immune system would control the infections. Moreover, since in vitro experiments performed in rich medium demonstrate that interfering with QS decreases the production of virulence factors without affecting bacterial growth it was assumed than in vivo therapies will minimize the selection of resistant strains. Therefore, the underlying assumptions toward an effective implementation of a successful Quorum sensing interference (QSI) therapy for treating P. aeruginosa infections are that (i) QS only exerts important effects in the regulation of virulence genes but it does not affect metabolic processes linked to growth, (ii) the expression of virulence factors is only positively regulated by QS, (iii) inhibition of virulence factors in vivo do not affect bacterial growth, (iv) the immune system of the infected patients will be able to get rid of the infections, and (v) the therapy will be effective in the strains that are actively producing the infections. Nevertheless, for QSI in P. aeruginosa, substantial experimental evidence against the validity of most of these assumptions has accumulated during the past years, suggesting that a far better understanding of its virulence and its behavior during infections is needed in order to design truly solid QSI therapeutic alternatives to combat this remarkable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City, Mexico
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21409
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To highlight the progressive evolution of the issue of patient positioning for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), explain the history of the prone and supine positions, report respective advantages and drawbacks, critically interpret the past and current literature supporting such arguments, identify the best candidates for each position, and reflect on the future evolution of the two approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Positioning for PNL has become a matter of debate during the last decade. The traditional prone PNL position - most widely performed with good success and few complications, and exhibiting essentially no limits except for the treatment of pelvic kidneys - is nowadays flanked mainly by the supine and supine-modified positions, equally effective and probably safer from an anesthesiological point of view. Of course, both approaches have a number of advantages and drawbacks, accurately reported and critically sieved. SUMMARY The current challenge for endourologists is to be able to perform PNL in both prone and supine positions to perfectly tailor the procedure on any patient with any stone burden, including increasingly challenging cases and medically high-risk patients, according to the patient's best interest. Intensive training and experience is especially needed for supine PNL, still less popular and underperformed worldwide. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COU/A8.
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21410
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Bauer C, Niculescu-Morzsa E, Jeyakumar V, Kern D, Späth SS, Nehrer S. Chondroprotective effect of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritic chondrocytes in a co-cultivation inflammation model with M1 macrophages. J Inflamm (Lond) 2016; 13:31. [PMID: 27625590 PMCID: PMC5020517 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is described by an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes in the affected joint. This dysregulation of metabolism affects not only chondrocytes within cartilage tissue but also the cells of the synovial membrane across the border of the joint. An important factor in OA is the low viscosity of the synovial fluid. High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to increase the viscosity and also reduce inflammatory processes. The purpose was to establish an in vitro inflammation model and to evaluate the effects of high-molecular-weight HA in a co-cultivation inflammation model of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and M1 macrophages. METHODS For the establishment of the inflammation model THP-1 cells were, at first, differentiated to M0 macrophages and then activated to the M1 subtype after 5 days of resting period. Surface markers, cytokine release, and gene expression, were analyzed to examine the successful differentiation. In the inflammation model, the defined M1 macrophages were co-cultivated with osteoarthritic chondrocytes for 2 days, with and without the addition of 10 % HA and further analyzed for chondrogenic gene expression markers and the release of cytokines in the supernatant. RESULTS The differentiation and activation process was successful as M1 macrophages expressed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific genes. Similarly, the surface marker CD14 was significantly decreased compared to M0 macrophages. For the co-culture system, the analysis of gene expression showed that HA increased the expression of cartilage-specific genes while catabolic-encoding genes exhibited lower expression levels than the control group. This positive effect of HA was also demonstrated by the measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as their level decreased. CONCLUSION Our study implies that high-molecular-weight HA has a chondroprotective effect in the present co-cultivation inflammation model, as it decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines and increases anabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bauer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Eugenia Niculescu-Morzsa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Vivek Jeyakumar
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Daniela Kern
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Stephan S. Späth
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
| | - Stefan Nehrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Orthopedics, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube-University Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Strasse 30, Krems, Austria
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21411
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Hirsch MS, Signoretti S, Dal Cin P. Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Established Entities from Morphology to Molecular Genetics. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 8:587-621. [PMID: 26612217 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the current World Health Organization (WHO), renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) that primarily affect adults are classified into 8 major subtypes. Additional emerging entities in renal neoplasia have also been recently recognized and these are discussed in further detail by Mehra et al (Emerging Entities in Renal Neoplasia, Surgical Pathology Clinics, 2015, Volume 8, Issue 4). In most cases, the diagnosis of a RCC subtype can be based on morphologic criteria, but in some circumstances the use of ancillary studies can aid in the diagnosis. This review discusses the morphologic, genetic, and molecular findings in RCCs previously recognized by the WHO, and provides clues to distinction from each other and some of the newer subtypes of RCC. As prognosis and therapeutic options vary for the different subtypes of RCC, accurate pathologic distinction is critical for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21412
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Skogman ME, Kanerva S, Manner S, Vuorela PM, Fallarero A. Flavones as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Identified by a Newly Optimized Screening Platform Using Chromobacterium violaceum as Reporter Bacteria. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091211. [PMID: 27626397 PMCID: PMC6273190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is the process by which bacteria produce and detect signal molecules to coordinate their collective behavior. This intercellular communication is a relevant target for anti-biofilm therapies. Here we have optimized a screening-applicable assay to search for new quorum sensing inhibitors from natural compound libraries. In this system, QS is correlated with the production of violacein, which is directly controlled by the LuxI/LuxR system in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532. The parallel use of C. violaceum Tn5-mutant CV026, which depends on auto-inducer addition, allows simultaneous discrimination of compounds that act as quenchers of the AHL signal (quorum quenchers). The incorporation of a redox stain into the platform allowed further distinction between QS inhibitors, quorum quenchers and antibacterial compounds. A pilot screening was performed with 465 natural and synthetic flavonoids. All the most active compounds were flavones and they displayed potencies (IC50) in the range of 3.69 to 23.35 μM. These leads were particularly promising as they inhibited the transition from microcolonies into mature biofilms from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. This approach can be very effective in identifying new antimicrobials posing lesser risks of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena E Skogman
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery Group (PharmDD), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sonja Kanerva
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery Group (PharmDD), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Suvi Manner
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Pia M Vuorela
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery Group (PharmDD), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Pharmaceutical Design and Discovery Group (PharmDD), Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Viikinkaari 5E, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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21413
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Obata A, Kamei S, Okauchi S, Kimura T, Hirukawa H, Tanabe A, Kinoshita T, Kohara K, Tatsumi F, Shimoda M, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Strawberry milk-like blood in a subject with diabetic lipemia: dramatic change to transparent color after insulin therapy. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1499. [PMID: 27652072 PMCID: PMC5014774 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction It is known that chylomicronemia is caused by several pathologies and is classified as primary and secondary chylomicronemia. Since hypertriglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and severe pancreatitis, it is very important to make a proper diagnosis of the cause of hypertriglycemia. Case description We herein present the case of a 40-year-old male who developed severe hypertriglycemia accompanied with acute exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. On admission, his blood glucose level was 306 mg/dl and HbA1c was 12.5 %. Moreover, serum triglyceride level was elevated up to 5661 mg/dl. When blood was drawn, it presented strawberry milk-like color. After receiving insulin treatment, he obtained good glycemic control and the serum became back to normal transparent color. Discussion and Evaluation Insulin resistance reduces triglyceride clearance and also increases triglyceride release from adipocyte. It is known that glucose toxicity and strong insulin resistance induce inactivation of LPL, which results in chylomicronemia. Conclusion This case report suggests that when serum triglyceride level is markedly elevated due to diabetic lipemia, it is extremely important to obtain good glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Obata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Shinji Kamei
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Hidenori Hirukawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Akihito Tanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Tomoe Kinoshita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Kenji Kohara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Fuminori Tatsumi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, 701-0192 Japan
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21414
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Increased circulating procoagulant and anticoagulant factors as TF and TFPI according to severity or infecting serotypes in human dengue infection. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:62-68. [PMID: 27592310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Factor (TF) is the initiator of coagulation and Tissue Factor Inhibitor (TFPI) is the physiological inhibitor of the TF/FVIIa complex. Circulating levels of TF and TFPI were quantified in dengue patients and the relationships with disease severity and infecting serotype analysed. A significant decrease in TF and TPFI plasma levels was observed in mild DF patients compared with severe dengue. Furthermore, both factors were associated with haemorrhagic manifestations. Finally, TF levels were significantly increased in DENV-1/2 infected patients as compared with DENV-4. These findings suggest that activation of TF-pathway is an important component of DENV -related coagulation disorders.
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21415
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Diabetic Foot Infections: Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Determination of Antibiotic Cross-Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus Species During 2012 - 2014 in Shiraz, Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.37680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21416
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Guentsch A, Stier C, Raschke GF, Peisker A, Fahmy MD, Kuepper H, Schueler I. Oral health and dental anxiety in a German practice-based sample. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1675-1680. [PMID: 27596605 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Does dental anxiety have an effect on dental and periodontal health? METHODS Survey data was collected from n = 200 adults (53 % females, average age 49 years) in a cross-sectional study. Dental anxiety was measured with the modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS, score 1-5, the greater the score, the greater the anxiety). Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (SLI), and bleeding on probing (BoP) as well as the DMFT index were recorded and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Rating of dental anxiety was higher in women than in men (65 vs 35 %). Subjects with higher MDAS values visited the dentist less frequently (p = 0.001) and had more decay (DT 6.7 ± 4.2 vs 1.7 ± 2.4; p < 0.001) but fewer filled teeth than subjects with lower ratings of dental anxiety (FT 7.1 ± 4.5 vs 9.8 ± 5.7; p = 0.042). There were no differences in PD or CAL between subjects with or without dental anxiety, while patients with higher MDAS value showed significantly more BoP (50 ± 19 vs 34 ± 20 %; p = 0.002) than patients with low MDAS scores (no or low dental anxiety). CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher ratings of dental anxiety had significantly more caries experience and gingivitis. Therefore, dental anxiety is associated with negative effect on dental and periodontal health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identifying patients with high dental anxiety and helping to manage this anxiety has important implications to improve oral health in adults. The MDAS appears to be an easy and efficient tool that can be used to identify patients with dental anxiety in dental practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA. .,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Christiane Stier
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gregor F Raschke
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - André Peisker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mina D Fahmy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA
| | - Harald Kuepper
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ina Schueler
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Paediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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21417
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Yang S, Kuan WL, Spillantini MG. Progressive tauopathy in P301S tau transgenic mice is associated with a functional deficit of the olfactory system. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2396-403. [PMID: 27422327 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neurodegenerative disorders with tau pathology are characterised by the loss of memory and cognitive decline that can be associated with other symptoms including olfactory alterations that are often regarded as an early symptom of the diseases. Here, we have investigated whether olfactory dysfunction is present in the P301S human tau transgenic mice and if it is associated to tau pathology. Progressive tauopathy and neurodegeneration were noticeable in the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex at early age in the P301S human tau transgenic mice and olfactory sensitivity for social or non-social odours was significantly impaired at 3 months of age, when the piriform cortex-dependent odour-cross habituation was also disrupted. The olfactory alterations in the P301S tau transgenic mouse line provide an in vivo system where to test the mechanism-based therapies for the common and yet untreatable tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Yang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, ED Adrian Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, ED Adrian Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, ED Adrian Building, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK. .,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Albutt building, Hills Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
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21418
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Intrinsic and Acquired Methicillin-Resistance Detection in Staphylococcus aureus and Its Relevance in Therapeutics. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.39185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21419
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Fawzy MM, El Maadawi ZM, Hegazy RA, El Fatah NSA. Vitiligo - The story from within: A transmission electron microscopic study before and after narrow-band ultraviolet B. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 40:265-75. [PMID: 27594347 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1218987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte loss is the main feature of vitiligo, but evidence refers to pathological multiplayers. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to further explore vitiligo before and after narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) therapy. Skin biopsies were retrieved from lesional and perilesional skin and compared to normal control skin. Sections were examined for melanocytes and keratinocytes and the number of melanosomes and thickness of basal lamina were measured. In lesional skin, keratinocytes revealed two types of degeneration with a significant increase in the mean thickness of basal lamina and decrease in the number of melanosomes. After treatment, lesional and perilesional skin showed variable ultrastructural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Fawzy
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Zeinab M El Maadawi
- b Department of Histology & Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rehab A Hegazy
- a Department of Dermatology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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21420
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Morales-Molina JA, Fernández-Martín JM, Urda-Romacho J, González-Vaquero D, Martos-Rosa A. Clinical Management of Cirrhotic Patient With HCV Genotype 5 Treated With Simeprevir, Sofosbuvir, and Ribavirin. Ann Pharmacother 2016; 50:788-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1060028016653408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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21421
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bowel preparation for colonoscopy is a key quality indicator that impacts on all aspects of the procedure, such as patient comfort, diagnostic yield, and adverse events. Although most laxative regimens currently employed have been compared in a multitude of settings, the optimal preparation regimen still remains an open question. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have focused on developing new regimens by modifying dosage, timing of administration or by combining laxatives with synergic mechanisms of action with the purpose of increasing patient tolerability while maximizing bowel cleansing. Several low-volume preparations and combinations of laxatives and adjunctive medication have shown promise in delivering both adequate preparation of the colon and good patient tolerability. Also, we have gained a better understanding of the influence of patient-related factors such as health literacy and education on the quality of bowel preparation. SUMMARY Although several novel regimens have been tested in recent trials, it remains unclear which, if any, of these bowel preparations can replace the standard bowel cleansing regimens in clinical practice. Also, further data are required on how to improve bowel cleansing by choosing the appropriate regimen for the individual patient.
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21422
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Tumoral Calcinosis: An Uncommon Cause for a Mass in a Reconstructed Breast. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e700. [PMID: 27579225 PMCID: PMC4995718 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumoral calcinosis is a rare clinical and histopathological syndrome whose exact etiology is unknown. We present a case of a 57-year-old woman who presents with a painful lump in her right chest after bilateral breast reconstructions for bilateral asynchronous breast cancers. It is important to be aware of all possible differential diagnoses in a patient presenting with a chest mass after mastectomy and reconstruction for breast cancer as not all lesions of this type represent recurrent cancer.
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21423
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Enfermedad de Forestier-Rotés Querol: progresión radiológica cervical y aparición de disfagia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:292-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21424
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Kouba E, Cheng L. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Urinary Bladder According to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification: Molecular and Clinical Characteristics. Endocr Pathol 2016; 27:188-99. [PMID: 27334654 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-016-9444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the urinary bladder are a rare type of tumor that account for a small percentage of urinary bladder neoplasms. These tumors of the urinary bladder range from well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (carcinoids) to the more aggressive subtypes such as small cell carcinoma. Despite the rarity of the neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder, there has been substantial investigation into the underlying genomic, molecular, and the cellular alterations within this group of neoplasms. Accordingly, these findings are increasingly incorporated into the understanding of clinical aspects of these neoplasms. In this review, we provide an overview of recent literature related to the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Urinary Bladder. Particular emphasis is placed on molecular alterations and recently described gene expression. The neuroendocrine tumors of the urinary bladder are subdivided into four subtypes. Similar to their pulmonary and other extrapulmonary site counterparts, these have different degrees of neuroendocrine differentiation and morphological features. The clinical aspects of four subtypes of neuroendocrine tumor are discussed with emphasis of the most recent developments in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. An understanding of molecular basis of neuroendocrine tumors will provide a base of knowledge for future investigations into this group of unusual bladder neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kouba
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 West 11th Street, IUHPL Room 4010, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 West 11th Street, IUHPL Room 4010, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
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21425
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Casas R, Sacanella E, Urpí-Sardà M, Corella D, Castañer O, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Ros E, Estruch R. Long-Term Immunomodulatory Effects of a Mediterranean Diet in Adults at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146:1684-93. [PMID: 27440261 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.229476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated short-term anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about its long-term immunomodulatory properties. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to assess the long-term effects of the MedDiet on inflammatory markers related to atherogenesis in adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the effects of a low-fat diet (LFD). METHODS We randomly assigned 165 high-risk participants (one-half men; mean age: 66 y) without overt CVD to 1 of 3 diets: a MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a MedDiet supplemented with nuts, or an LFD. Follow-up data were collected at 3 and 5 y. Repeated-measures ANOVA, adjusted for potential confounding variables, was used to evaluate changes in diet adherence, CVD risk factors, and inflammatory variables. RESULTS The 2 MedDiet groups achieved a high degree of adherence to the intervention, and the LFD group had reduced energy intake from fat by 13% by 5 y. Compared with baseline, at 3 and 5 y, both MedDiet groups had significant reductions of ≥16% in plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (P ≤ 0.04), whereas there were no significant changes in the LFD group. The reductions in CD49d and CD40 expressions in T lymphocytes and monocytes at 3 y were ≥16% greater in both MedDiet groups than were the changes in the LFD group (P < 0.001) at 3 y. Compared with baseline, at 3 y, the MedDiet groups had increased HDL-cholesterol (≥8%) and decreased blood pressure (>4%) and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride (≥8%) concentrations. At 5 y, concentrations of glucose (13%) and glycated hemoglobin (8%) had increased with the LFD. CONCLUSIONS The MedDiet participants had lower cellular and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis at 3 and 5 y. This anti-inflammatory role of the MedDiet could explain in part the long-term cardioprotective effect of the MedDiet against CVD. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mireia Urpí-Sardà
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition and REGICOR research group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; and
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
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21426
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Hyun SJ, Kim YJ, Rhim SC. Patients with proximal junctional kyphosis after stopping at thoracolumbar junction have lower muscularity, fatty degeneration at the thoracolumbar area. Spine J 2016; 16:1095-101. [PMID: 27217332 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT There are several reports regarding pathogeneses and risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in adult spinal deformity surgery. However, the relationship between thoracolumbar muscle condition and PJK has not been investigated yet. PURPOSE We aimed to elucidate the thoracolumbar muscle conditions on the incidence of PJK in adult patients with spinal deformity treated by long instrumented spinal fusion surgery stopping at thoracolumbar junction with a minimum 2-year follow-up (F/U). STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective review of prospective database. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 44 cases of patients having multilevel spinal instrumented fusion stopping at thoracolumbar junction for adult spinal deformity in two academic institutions from 2004 to 2012 were enrolled in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES For clinical outcomes, the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire-22r (SRS-22r) was used preoperatively and at ultimate F/U. METHODS Inclusion criteria were age >20 and minimum five vertebrae fused from T9 upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) to any lower instrumented vertebra. Radiographic assessment included pelvic parameters, Cobb measurements in the coronal-sagittal plane, and measurements of the thoracolumbar muscularity (cross-sectional area of muscle-vertebral body ratio×100) and fatty degeneration (signal intensity of muscle-subcutaneous fat ratio×100). RESULTS The prevalence of PJK was 38.6%. Age at surgery, gender, fusions extending to the sacrum, levels fused, combined anterior-posterior surgery, and a UIV level were not significantly different between PJK and non-PJK groups. Lower bone mineral density (BMD; T-score: -2.5 vs. -1.3, p=.003) and lower muscularity and higher fatty degeneration at the level of T10 to L2 (131.8 vs. 159.0, p<.01; 59.0 vs. 44.0, p<.001, respectively) were identified risk factors for PJK. Radiographic parameters demonstrated a higher postoperative lumbar lordosis (LL) change (43.8 vs. 29.3, p<.001) and a larger sagittal vertical axis (SVA) change with surgery (8.4 cm vs. 4.8 cm, p=.01) in those with PJK. Although SRS postop pain scores were inferior in PJK group (3.3 vs. 4.1, p<.05), there were no significant differences in the average scores between the groups (3.5 vs. 3.3, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PJK had lower thoracolumbar muscularity and higher fatty degeneration than patients without PJK before surgery. Our data suggest that osteoporosis, large corrections in LL and SVA with surgery, and lower muscularity and higher fatty degeneration at the thoracolumbar area can lead to PJK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jae Hyun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 300 Gumi-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjung J Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Service, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th Street, PH 11-1114, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seung-Chul Rhim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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21427
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Gao SY, Zhang XY, Wei W, Li XT, Li YL, Xu M, Sun YS, Zhang XP. Identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by in vivo iodine concentration measurement using single-source dual energy CT: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4816. [PMID: 27684811 PMCID: PMC5265904 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposed to determine whether in vivo iodine concentration measurement by single-source dual energy (SSDE) CT can improve differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. In total, 53 patients presenting with thyroid nodules underwent SSDE CT scanning. Iodine concentrations were measured for each nodule and normal thyroid tissue using the GSI-viewer image analysis software. A total of 26 thyroid nodules were malignant in 26 patients and confirmed by surgery; 33 nodules from 27 patients were benign, with 10 confirmed by surgery and others after follow-up. Iodine concentrations with plain CT were significantly lower in malignant than benign nodules (0.47 ± 0.20 vs 1.17 ± 0.38 mg/mL, P = 0.00). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93; with a cutoff of 0.67, iodine concentration showed 92.3% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity in diagnosing malignancy. Iodine concentration obtained by enhanced and plain CT were significantly higher in malignant than benign nodules (9.05 ± 3.35 vs 3.46 ± 2.24 mg/mL, P = 0.00). ROC curve analysis showed an AUC of 0.93; with a cutoff value of 3.37, iodine concentration displayed 78% sensitivity, 95% specificity in diagnosing malignancy. Combining unenhanced with enhanced iodine concentrations, the diagnostic equation was: Y = -8.641 × unenhanced iodine concentration + 0.663 × iodine concentration. ROC curve showed an AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.94, 1.00). With Y ≥ -2 considered malignancy, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 96%, 96.3%, respectively. This study concluded that SSDE CT can detect the differences in iodine uptake and blood supply between benign and malignant thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Yu Gao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology
| | - Wei Wei
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology
| | - Yan-Ling Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology
| | - Min Xu
- KLMI, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Shi Sun
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology
- Correspondence: Ying-Shi Sun, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China (e-mail: )
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Radiology
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21428
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Ribera Casado JM. [Intestinal microbiota and ageing: A new intervention route?]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2016; 51:290-295. [PMID: 26947897 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota (IM) has continued to be the subject in all types of studies and publications. More is known on its different components and functions, as well as the changes that take place in IM through the life cycle, and the role of the factors involved in these changes. The aim of this review is to update the relationship between IM and aging. The presentation in 4 sections: (i)main factors of the human ageing process, underlining those related with gut changes; (ii)conceptual meaning of words like microbiota and other related terms; (iii)to comment on the most current findings as regards the changes in IM that occur in the ageing process, whether arising from the physiology or from disease situations, or other factors (environment, diet, drugs, etc.), and the health-consequences of these changes, and (iv)possibilities of different active positive interventions, with emphasis on diet measures.
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21429
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Donatelli G, Cereatti F, Dumont JL, Dhumane P, Tuszynski T, Derhy S, Meduri A, Vergeau BM, Meduri B. Temporary duodenal stenting as a bridge to ERCP for inaccessible papilla due to duodenal obstruction: a retrospective study. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4:E957-63. [PMID: 27652301 PMCID: PMC5025317 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Duodenal obstruction may prevent performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or Endoscopic ultrasonograhy-guided biliary access (EUS-BD) are alternative treatments but are associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of the study is to report overall technical success rate and clinical outcome with deployment of temporary fully or partially covered self-expanding duodenal stent (pc/fcSEMS) as a bridge to ERCP in case of inaccessible papilla due to duodenal strictures. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 66 consecutive patients presenting with a duodenal stricture impeding the ability to perform an ERCP. Provisional duodenal stenting was performed as a bridge to ERCP. A second endoscopic session was performed to remove the provisional stent and to perform an ERCP. Afterward, a permanent duodenal stent was delivered if necessary. RESULTS Sixty-six duodenal stents (17 pcSEMS and 49 fcSEMS) were delivered with a median indwelling time of 3.15 (1 - 7) days. Two migrations occurred in the pcSEMS group, 1 of which required lower endoscopy for retrieval. No other procedure-related complications were observed. At second endoscopy a successful ERCP was performed in 56 patients (85 %); 10 patients (15 %) with endoscopic failure underwent PTBD or EUS-BD. Forty patients needed permanent duodenal stenting. CONCLUSIONS Provisional removable covered duodenal stenting as a bridge to ERCP for duodenal obstruction is safe procedure and in most cases allows successful performance of therapeutic ERCP. This technique could be a sound option as a step up approach before referring such cases for more complex techniques such as EUS-BD or PTBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Donatelli
- Unité d’Endoscopie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
| | - Fabrizio Cereatti
- Unit of Interventional Endoscopy, Department of General Surgery “P. Stefanini”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Loup Dumont
- Unité d’Endoscopie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
| | - Parag Dhumane
- Department of General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Bandra(w), Mumbai, India
| | - Thierry Tuszynski
- Unité d’Endoscopie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
| | - Serge Derhy
- Unité de Radiologie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Meduri
- Unité d’Endoscopie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Marie Vergeau
- Unité d’Endoscopie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Meduri
- Unité d’Endoscopie Interventionnelle, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé des Peupliers, Paris, France
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21430
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Presacral Myelolipoma: Diagnosis on Imaging With Pathologic and Clinical Correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 207:470-81. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21431
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Izarzugaza MI, Fernández L, Forman D, Sierra MS. Burden of gallbladder cancer in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 44 Suppl 1:S82-S89. [PMID: 27678326 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare neoplasm yet it is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and its prognosis is poor. Incidence of GBC is high in some areas of Central and South America and the Caribbean. We described the current burden of GBC in Central and South America (CSA). METHODS We obtained GBC incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries in CSA, and national level cancer death data from the WHO mortality data base for 18 countries. We estimated World population age-standardized incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 persons-years, including distribution and incidence rates by anatomic subsite. RESULTS GBC rates were the highest in countries located in the Andean region. In 2003-2007, Chile had the highest incidence and mortality rates in CSA (17.1 and 12.9 in females and 7.3 and 6.0 in males, respectively). Females had higher GBC rates than males. The most frequently diagnosed anatomic subsite was gallbladder (60%). Unspecified subsite represented 21% of all cases. Trends in incidence and mortality of GBC remained unchanged in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica in 1998-2008. CONCLUSION GBC rates varied extensively across the CSA region reflecting, in part, differences in data quality, coverage and healthcare access. Chile had the highest GBC rates in CSA and the world. The large proportion of unspecified cases indicates low precision in diagnosis/registration and highlights the need to promote and improve cancer registration in the region to better understand the burden of GBC in CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Fernández
- National School of Public Health of Cuba, Biostatistics Department, Cuba
| | - David Forman
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Section, Lyon, France
| | - Mónica S Sierra
- The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Surveillance Section, Lyon, France.
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21432
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Kruschitz R, Luger M, Kienbacher C, Trauner M, Klammer C, Schindler K, Langer FB, Prager G, Krebs M, Ludvik B. The Effect of Roux-en-Y vs. Omega-Loop Gastric Bypass on Liver, Metabolic Parameters, and Weight Loss. Obes Surg 2016; 26:2204-2212. [PMID: 27003699 PMCID: PMC4985536 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-loop gastric bypass (OLGB) results in weight loss (WL) but data on its impact on liver and glucose metabolism compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the development of hepatic and metabolic markers as well as WL between the above-mentioned surgical groups during the first postoperative year. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the respective parameters in non-diabetic morbidly obese patients who underwent either RYGB (n = 25) or OLGB (n = 25). RESULTS Compared to RYGB, OLGB showed a greater WL percentage. Liver transaminases dropped in RYGB, while rose in OLGB. No correlation between aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and WL could be detected. Gamma-glutamyltransferase decreased significantly in RYGB over the first 3 months, while it increased in OLGB. We found higher levels of triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and liver fat percentage in RYGB at baseline, despite matching the groups for age, sex, and BMI. Those differences disappeared, except for triglycerides, within 1 year. All metabolic parameters correlated with WL. CONCLUSION OLGB results in greater WL but transiently deteriorated several liver parameters in the first postoperative year. This was not associated with WL. The impact of these results on hepatic outcomes such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis progression requires further studies. In both groups, improved insulin resistance and sensitivity were correlated with higher WL and lower liver fat percentage, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kruschitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Luger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology And Nutrition – SIPCAN save your life, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Kienbacher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Klammer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schindler
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix B. Langer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Ludvik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I with Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Karl Landsteiner Institute for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Vienna, Austria
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21433
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Egeland C, Achiam MP, Federspiel B, Svendsen LB. Verrucous Squamous Cell Cancer in the Esophagus: An Obscure Diagnosis. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2016; 10:466-471. [PMID: 27721734 PMCID: PMC5043254 DOI: 10.1159/000448070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Verrucous carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing type of squamous cell cancer. Fewer than 50 patients with verrucous carcinoma in the esophagus have been described worldwide. In 2014, two male patients were diagnosed with verrucous carcinoma in the distal part of the esophagus. The endoscopic examinations showed a similar wart-like, white, irregular mucosa in both cases. The diagnosis was difficult to make since all biopsies taken from the affected area showed no malignancy. This cancer type has a relatively good prognosis when the diagnosis is finally obtained. Both our patients presented with dysphagia, weight loss, and an endoscopically malignant tumor, but surgery was not performed until after 9 and 10 months, respectively, and then in order to get a diagnosis. At the last follow-up, both patients were without any recurrence of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Egeland
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology C, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael P Achiam
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology C, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Federspiel
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Svendsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology C, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21434
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Zhang X, Zheng Z, Liu X, Shu B, Mao P, Bai B, Hu Q, Luo M, Ma X, Cui Z, Wang H. Tick-borne encephalitis virus induces chemokine RANTES expression via activation of IRF-3 pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:209. [PMID: 27576490 PMCID: PMC5004318 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most important flaviviruses that targets the central nervous system (CNS) and causes encephalitides in humans. Although neuroinflammatory mechanisms may contribute to brain tissue destruction, the induction pathways and potential roles of specific chemokines in TBEV-mediated neurological disease are poorly understood. Methods BALB/c mice were intracerebrally injected with TBEV, followed by evaluation of chemokine and cytokine profiles using protein array analysis. The virus-infected mice were treated with the CC chemokine antagonist Met-RANTES or anti-RANTES mAb to determine the role of RANTES in affecting TBEV-induced neurological disease. The underlying signaling mechanisms were delineated using RANTES promoter luciferase reporter assay, siRNA-mediated knockdown, and pharmacological inhibitors in human brain-derived cell culture models. Results In a mouse model, pathological features including marked inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in brain sections, which correlated with a robust up-regulation of RANTES within the brain but not in peripheral tissues and sera. Antagonizing RANTES within CNS extended the survival of mice and reduced accumulation of infiltrating cells in the brain after TBEV infection. Through in vitro studies, we show that virus infection up-regulated RANTES production at both mRNA and protein levels in human brain-derived cell lines and primary progenitor-derived astrocytes. Furthermore, IRF-3 pathway appeared to be essential for TBEV-induced RANTES production. Site mutation of an IRF-3-binding motif abrogated the RANTES promoter activity in virus-infected brain cells. Moreover, IRF-3 was activated upon TBEV infection as evidenced by phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF-3, while blockade of IRF-3 activation drastically reduced virus-induced RANTES expression. Conclusions Our findings together provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying RANTES production induced by TBEV, highlighting its potential importance in the process of neuroinflammatory responses to TBEV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0665-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bingke Bai
- Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Minhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiaohongshan No.44, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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21435
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Haase T, Börnigen D, Müller C, Zeller T. Systems Medicine as an Emerging Tool for Cardiovascular Genetics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2016; 3:27. [PMID: 27626034 PMCID: PMC5003874 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of CVD is complex and remains elusive. Within the last years, systems medicine has emerged as a novel tool to study the complex genetic, molecular, and physiological interactions leading to diseases. In this review, we provide an overview about the current approaches for systems medicine in CVD. They include bioinformatical and experimental tools such as cell and animal models, omics technologies, network, and pathway analyses. Additionally, we discuss challenges and current literature examples where systems medicine has been successfully applied for the study of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Haase
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Hamburg, Germany
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21436
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Abstract
Eye involvement represents a common finding in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. The eye is a privileged immune site but commensal bacteria are found on the ocular surface. The eye injury may be inflammatory, vascular or infectious, as well as iatrogenic, as in the case of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, corticosteroids, and bisphosphonates. Manifestations may affect different components of the eye, with episcleritis involving the episclera, a thin layer of tissue covering the sclera; scleritis being an inflammation of the sclera potentially leading to blindness; keratitis, referring to corneal inflammation frequently associated with scleritis; and uveitis as the inflammation of the uvea, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, subdivided into anterior, posterior, or panuveitis. As blindness may result from the eye involvement, clinicians should be aware of the possible manifestations and their management also independent of the ophthalmologist opinion as the therapeutic approach generally points to the underlying diseases. In some cases, the eye involvement may have a diagnostic implication, as for episcleritis in rheumatoid arthritis, or acute anterior uveitis in seronegative spondyloarthritis. Nonetheless, some conditions lack specificity, as in the case of dry eye which affects nearly 30 % of the general population. The aim of this review is to elucidate to non-ophthalmologists the major ocular complications of rheumatic diseases and their specific management and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Generali
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cantarini
- Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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21437
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Sürgit Ö, Çavuşoğlu NT, Kılıç MÖ, Ünal Y, Koşar PN, İçen D. Use of fibrin glue in preventing pseudorecurrence after laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair of large indirect inguinal hernia. Ann Surg Treat Res 2016; 91:127-32. [PMID: 27617253 PMCID: PMC5016602 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2016.91.3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Seroma is among the most common complications of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) for especially large indirect inguinal hernia, and may be regarded as a recurrence by some patients. A potential area localized behind the mesh and extending from the inguinal cord into the scrotum may be one of the major etiological factors of this complication. Our aim is to describe a novel technique in preventing pseudorecurrence by using fibrin sealant to close that potential dead space. Methods Forty male patients who underwent laparoscopic TEP for indirect inguinal hernia with at least 100-mL volume were included in this prospective clinical study. While fibrin sealant was used to close the potential dead space in the study group, nothing was used in the control group. The volume of postoperative fluid collection on ultrasound was compared between the groups. Results Patient characteristics and the volumes of hernia sac were similar between the 2 groups. The mean volume of postoperative fluid collection was found as 120.2 mL in the control group and 53.7 mL in the study group, indicating a statistical significance (P < 0.001). Conclusion Minimizing the potential dead space with a fibrin sealant can reduce the amount of postoperative fluid collection, namely the incidence of pseudorecurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Sürgit
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Özgür Kılıç
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Ünal
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Nergis Koşar
- Department of Radiology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu İçen
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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21438
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Altay CM, Hacifazlioglu C, Topcuoglu OM, Kul M, Uysal Ramadan S. Misdiagnosed epigastric mass: Ectopic liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:761-763. [PMID: 27564374 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss an ectopic liver misdiagnosed as an abdominal mass and the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in liver positional anomalies. A solid midline mass midline adjacent to the liver was found in a 45-year-old female at an external center during an ultrasound investigation conducted for occasional abdominal pain of many years. The patient was referred to us for MRI. MRI revealed a solid epigastric lesion adjacent to the liver but unrelated to the liver parenchyma. The mass was of similar intensity as the liver in all sequences and in postcontrast dynamic phases following hepatospecific contrast material administration. We also observed contrast material excretion into the solid lesion from the biliary ducts in the hepatobiliary phase. The lesion was diagnosed as ectopic liver tissue with these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:761-763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Murat Altay
- Department of Radiology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Hacifazlioglu
- Department of Radiology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Osman Melih Topcuoglu
- Department of Radiology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melahat Kul
- Department of Radiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selma Uysal Ramadan
- Department of Radiology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital Keçiören, Ankara, Turkey
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21439
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Johnson JK, Robinson GL, Zhao L, Harris AD, Stine OC, Thom KA. Comparison of molecular typing methods for the analyses of Acinetobacter baumannii from ICU patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:345-350. [PMID: 27640081 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections causing great morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical importance, it is still unknown which molecular typing method is the best to determine or confirm institutional outbreaks as well as to identify epidemiologically related isolates from different geographical areas. To determine the most discriminatory molecular typing method, we isolated A. baumannii from perianal swabs collected from intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a cohort study during 2002 and 2008. Strains from each year were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Genetic relatedness of the isolates was consistent between PFGE and MLST as well as between analyses of loci containing MLVA and MLST. Our data show that PFGE and MLVA are similar when discriminating between isolates and are both good methods to use when questioning whether two isolates are indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kristie Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD; Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD.
| | - Gwen L Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
| | - LiCheng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
| | - Anthony D Harris
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
| | - O Colin Stine
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
| | - Kerri A Thom
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD
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21440
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Aliramezani A, Douraghi M, Hajihasani A, Mohammadzadeh M, Rahbar M. Clonal relatedness and biofilm formation of OXA-23-producing carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environment. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:204-208. [PMID: 27569533 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a serious threat for hospitalized patients and it can survive for long periods in hospital settings, particularly on inanimate surfaces. The environment occupied by these resistant and resilient isolates may act as a reservoir for cross-colonization and outbreaks. Here, we aimed to determine the distribution of CRAB in the hospital environment and to characterize their clonal relatedness, susceptibility profile, carriage of blaOXA genes, and biofilm formation. A total of 1080 samples were collected from various environmental surfaces and equipment of two referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The A. baumannii isolates were subjected to gyrB multiplex PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing, biofilm formation assay, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multiplex PCR for blaOXA-58, blaOXA-24, and blaOXA-23 genes. Eighteen Acinetobacter spp. were isolated; 8 were identified as A. baumannii and 10 as A. lwoffii. Five of A. baumannii isolates were CRAB and exhibited the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype as well. All CRAB isolates produced biofilm, albeit with different levels. Four of CRAB isolates harbored the blaOXA-23. The CRAB isolates were clustered into 3 distinct pulsotypes (PTs). The CRAB isolates belonging to PT1 were detected in two geographically distinct hospitals whereas those belonging to PT3 were found in two different units of same hospital. This study revealed the presence of clonally related OXA-23-producing CRAB in high risk units of referral hospitals as inter- or intra-hospital dissemination. The distribution of multiresistant A. baumannii on several surfaces and areas may increase the risk of transmission of resistant isolates to vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Aliramezani
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azade Hajihasani
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mohammadzadeh
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahbar
- Department of Microbiology, Reference Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
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21441
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Odetokun IA, Jagun-Jubril AT, Onoja BA, Wungak YS, Raufu IA, Chen JC. Status of Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity in Veterinary Research Facilities in Nigeria. Saf Health Work 2016; 8:49-58. [PMID: 28344841 PMCID: PMC5355539 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study determined current status of laboratory biosafety in Nigerian veterinary research facilities. Methods A questionnaire was developed to obtain information from researchers across Nigeria from July 2014 to July 2015. Information regarding demographics, knowledge of laboratory biosafety, availability and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), any priority pathogens researched, attitude on and use of standard laboratory practices, and biosafety awareness was obtained using a numeric scoring system. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 74 participants from 19 facilities completed the questionnaire. General knowledge scores ranged from 3 to 28 (out of 28 possible points), with 94.6% of respondents receiving low scores (scores < mean + 1 standard deviation). Very few (17.6%) reported availability or use PPE. Many participants (63.5%) reported no access to biosafety level (BSL)-1–3 facilities. None reported availability of a BSL-4 facility. Knowledge scores pertaining to biosafety management practices ranged from 0 to 14 (out of 14 possible points) with 47.3% of respondents receiving good scores (scores > mean + 1 standard deviation). Only 16.2% of respondents (from four facilities) reported having biosafety officers. Rabies virus was the most researched pathogen (31.1% of respondents). The majority (71.6%) were unaware of laws guiding biosafety. Researchers [odds ratio (OR) = 18.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63, 198.5; p = 0.023], especially in BSL-2 (OR = 258.5; 95% CI: 12.71, 5256; p < 0.001) facility of research institute (OR = 25.0; 95% CI: 5.18, 120.6; p < 0.001), are more likely to have adequate access to and properly utilize biosafety devices and PPE. Conclusions Current knowledge of laboratory biosafety is limited except among a few researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ayoade Odetokun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Bernard A Onoja
- Department of Virology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Jessica Corron Chen
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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21442
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Mathematical Modelling of Bacterial Quorum Sensing: A Review. Bull Math Biol 2016; 78:1585-639. [PMID: 27561265 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-016-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) refers to the process of cell-to-cell bacterial communication enabled through the production and sensing of the local concentration of small molecules called autoinducers to regulate the production of gene products (e.g. enzymes or virulence factors). Through autoinducers, bacteria interact with individuals of the same species, other bacterial species, and with their host. Among QS-regulated processes mediated through autoinducers are aggregation, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, and sporulation. Autoinducers are therefore "master" regulators of bacterial lifestyles. For over 10 years, mathematical modelling of QS has sought, in parallel to experimental discoveries, to elucidate the mechanisms regulating this process. In this review, we present the progress in mathematical modelling of QS, highlighting the various theoretical approaches that have been used and discussing some of the insights that have emerged. Modelling of QS has benefited almost from the onset of the involvement of experimentalists, with many of the papers which we review, published in non-mathematical journals. This review therefore attempts to give a broad overview of the topic to the mathematical biology community, as well as the current modelling efforts and future challenges.
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21443
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Xu B, Wang L, Borsu L, Ghossein R, Katabi N, Ganly I, Dogan S. A proportion of primary squamous cell carcinomas of the parotid gland harbour high-risk human papillomavirus. Histopathology 2016; 69:921-929. [PMID: 27374168 DOI: 10.1111/his.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the current study, we aimed to examine primary parotid squamous cell carcinoma (ParSCC) for the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and associated molecular alterations. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight cases of ParSCC were retrieved after a detailed clinicopathological review to exclude the possibility of metastasis and/or extension from another primary site. HR-HPV status was determined on the basis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 expression and chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) for HR-HPV. All cases were genotyped with a multiplexed mass spectrometry assay interrogating 91 hotspot mutations in eight cancer-related genes (EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1 and ERBB2), and studied by fluorescence in-situ hybridization for PTEN copy number alteration. Three of eight cases (37.5%) were positive for the presence of HR-HPV by CISH and p16 IHC. One of three (33%) HR-HPV-positive cases harboured a PTEN hemizygous deletion, and one (33%) HR-HPV-positive case harboured a PIK3CA E545K somatic mutation. No alteration of the PTEN-PI3K pathway was detected in HR-HPV-negative tumours. Over a median follow-up period of 66.2 months, only the patient with the HR-HPV-positive PIK3CA-mutated tumour died of his disease, the remaining seven patients being disease-free. CONCLUSIONS Given the established aetiological role of HR-HPV in other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, it is likely that HR-HPV represents an oncogenic driver in the pathogenesis of more than one-third of ParSCCs. The presence of HR-HPV in ParSCC may be coupled with alterations in the PTEN-PI3K pathway. Further studies on HR-HPV and the molecular characterization of a larger number of ParSCCs are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laetitia Borsu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21444
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Shen Q, Liu Y, Yu Q, Zhao X, He Q. Disappearance of tumoral calcification after parathyroidectomy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 21:791-2. [PMID: 27546778 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yueming Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Blood Purification Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huangyan, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21445
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Stefanucci A, Mollica A, Macedonio G, Zengin G, Ahmed AA, Novellino E. Exogenous opioid peptides derived from food proteins and their possible uses as dietary supplements: A critical review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1225220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdelkareem A. Ahmed
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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21446
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Peckova K, Michal M, Hadravsky L, Suster S, Damjanov I, Miesbauerova M, Kazakov DV, Vernerova Z, Michal M. Littoral cell angioma of the spleen: a study of 25 cases with confirmation of frequent association with visceral malignancies. Histopathology 2016; 69:762-774. [PMID: 27374010 DOI: 10.1111/his.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Littoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare primary splenic tumour that is frequently associated with internal malignancies. Immunohistochemistry can demonstrate a distinct hybrid endothelial-histiocytic phenotype of littoral cells, and is a helpful adjunct for making the correct diagnosis. The aims of this study were to present a series of 25 LCAs, with an emphasis on the frequent association of the neoplasm with visceral malignancies, and to provide a detailed immunohistochemical analysis by employing new markers. METHODS AND RESULTS All 25 cases with available tissue blocks were immunohistochemically stained for endothelial and histiocytic markers. Clinical and follow-up data were retrieved from the respective institutions. The tumours were obtained from 16 males and nine females, whose age ranged from 32 to 86 years (mean 56.2 years). Clinical information was available for 24 of 25 patients, and follow-up for 11 of 25 patients (range 2-19 years; mean 11.6 years). Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for LYVE-1, factor VIII, FLI-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, VEGFR-3, claudin-5, ERG, LMO2, CD31, CD163, lysozyme, and CD4, but negative for D2-40, CD8, and factor XIIIa. Fifteen of 25 cases were associated with various malignancies, including epithelial, mesenchymal and haematological tumours. CONCLUSIONS The cohort of 25 patients is the largest series of LCAs published to date. By using antibodies against recently introduced endothelial markers, we have expanded the immunoprofile of LCA. We have further highlighted the clinical significance of LCA, as more than half of the patients in this study also harboured a coexisting visceral malignancy. Therefore, we conclude that the finding of splenic LCA mandates a thorough clinical evaluation for a concomitant malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvetoslava Peckova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Michael Michal
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Hadravsky
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Saul Suster
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ivan Damjanov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Marketa Miesbauerova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry V Kazakov
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Vernerova
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Third Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Michal
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, Medical Faculty and Charles University Hospital Plzen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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21447
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Nacioglu A. As a critical behavior to improve quality and patient safety in health care: speaking up! ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40886-016-0021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21448
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Arboleya S, Watkins C, Stanton C, Ross RP. Gut Bifidobacteria Populations in Human Health and Aging. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1204. [PMID: 27594848 PMCID: PMC4990546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has increasingly been shown to have a vital role in various aspects of human health. Indeed, several studies have linked alterations in the gut microbiota with the development of different diseases. Among the vast gut bacterial community, Bifidobacterium is a genus which dominates the intestine of healthy breast-fed infants whereas in adulthood the levels are lower but relatively stable. The presence of different species of bifidobacteria changes with age, from childhood to old age. Bifidobacterium longum, B. breve, and B. bifidum are generally dominant in infants, whereas B. catenulatum, B. adolescentis and, as well as B. longum are more prevalent in adults. Increasingly, evidence is accumulating which shows beneficial effects of supplementation with bifidobacteria for the improvement of human health conditions ranging from protection against infection to different extra- and intra-intestinal positive effects. Moreover, bifidobacteria have been associated with the production of a number of potentially health promoting metabolites including short chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid and bacteriocins. The aim of this mini-review is to describe the bifidobacteria compositional changes associated with different stages in life, highlighting their beneficial role, as well as their presence or absence in many disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arboleya
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland
| | - Claire Watkins
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, FermoyCork, Ireland; School of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College CorkCork, Ireland
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21449
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Lang J, Vera D, Cheng Y, Tang H. Modeling Dengue Virus-Hepatic Cell Interactions Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:341-354. [PMID: 27546535 PMCID: PMC5031989 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dengue antivirals and vaccine has been hampered by the incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms of dengue virus (DENV) infection and pathology, partly due to the limited suitable cell culture or animal models that can capture the comprehensive cellular changes induced by DENV. In this study, we differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hepatocytes, one of the target cells of DENV, to investigate various aspects of DENV-hepatocyte interaction. hPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) supported persistent and productive DENV infection. The activation of interferon pathways by DENV protected bystander cells from infection and protected the infected cells from massive apoptosis. Furthermore, DENV infection activated the NF-κB pathway, which led to production of proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated many liver-specific genes such as albumin and coagulation factor V. Our study demonstrates the utility of hPSC-derived hepatocytes as an in vitro model for DENV infection and reveals important aspects of DENV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Lang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Daniel Vera
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yichen Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA.
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21450
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Hettmann A, Demcsák A, Decsi G, Bach Á, Pálinkó D, Rovó L, Nagy K, Takács M, Minarovits J. Infectious Agents Associated with Head and Neck Carcinomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 897:63-80. [PMID: 26563307 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking habits and alcohol consumption, certain microbes also play an important role in the generation of head and neck carcinomas. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus types is strongly associated with the development of oropharyngeal carcinoma, and Epstein-Barr virus appears to be indispensable for the development of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Other viruses including torque teno virus and hepatitis C virus may act as co-carcinogens, increasing the risk of malignant transformation. A shift in the composition of the oral microbiome was associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, although the causal or casual role of oral bacteria remains to be clarified. Conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a mutagenic compound, by members of the oral microflora as well as by fungi including Candida albicans and others is a potential mechanism that may increase oral cancer risk. In addition, distinct Candida spp. also produce NBMA (N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine), a potent carcinogen. Inflammatory processes elicited by microbes may also facilitate tumorigenesis in the head and neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hettmann
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Albert F. ut 2-6, H-1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Demcsák
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Decsi
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bach
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza L. krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Pálinkó
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza L. krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Rovó
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza L. krt. 111, H-6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Takács
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Albert F. ut 2-6, H-1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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