201
|
Chang H, Li L, Peng T, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Bergen SE, Landén M, Hultman CM, Forstner AJ, Strohmaier J, Hecker J, Schulze TG, Müller-Myhsok B, Reif A, Mitchell PB, Martin NG, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Jamain S, Leboyer M, Bellivier F, Etain B, Kahn JP, Henry C, Rietschel M, Xiao X, Li M. Identification of a Bipolar Disorder Vulnerable Gene CHDH at 3p21.1. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5166-5176. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
202
|
Cardenas SA, Kassem L, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E, McMahon FJ. Neurocognitive functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and unaffected relatives: A review of the literature. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:193-215. [PMID: 27502749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive deficits are present in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their unaffected (nonbipolar) relatives, but it is not clear which domains are most often impaired and the extent of the impairment resulting from shared genetic factors. In this literature review, we address these issues and identify specific neurocognitive tasks most sensitive to cognitive deficits in patients and unaffected relatives. METHOD We conducted a systematic review in Web of Science, PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO databases. RESULTS Fifty-one articles assessing cognitive functioning in BD patients (23 studies) and unaffected relatives (28 studies) were examined. Patients and, less so, relatives show impairments in attention, processing speed, verbal learning/memory, and verbal fluency. CONCLUSION Studies were more likely to find impairment in patients than relatives, suggesting that some neurocognitive deficits may be a result of the illness itself and/or its treatment. However, small sample sizes, differences among relatives studied (e.g., relatedness, diagnostic status, age), and differences in assessment instruments may contribute to inconsistencies in reported neurocognitive performance among relatives. Additional studies addressing these issues are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Cardenas
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, RM 3D54, MSC 1264, Bethesda, MD 20814-1264, USA.
| | - Layla Kassem
- National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, RM 1A202, MSC 3719, Bethesda, MD 20892-3719, USA.
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, RM 210, MSC 2670 Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, USA.
| | - Francis J McMahon
- National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, RM 1A201, MSC 3719, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3719, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD: unipolar depression) is widely distributed in the USA and world-wide populations and it is one of the leading causes of disability in both adolescents and adults. Traditional diagnostic approaches for MDD are based on patient interviews, which provide a subjective assessment of clinical symptoms which are frequently shared with other maladies. Reliance upon clinical assessments and patient interviews for diagnosing MDD is frequently associated with misdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment outcomes. As such, there is increasing interest in the identification of objective methods for the diagnosis of depression. Newer technologies from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and imaging are technically sophisticated and objective but their application to diagnostic tests in psychiatry is still emerging. This brief overview evaluates the technical basis for these technologies and discusses how the extension of their clinical performance can lead to an objective diagnosis of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Bilello
- Ridge Diagnostics Laboratories, Research & Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3975101. [PMID: 27563374 PMCID: PMC4983669 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3975101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between the affective disorders and the almost ubiquitous pathological oxidative stress can be described in a multifactorial way, as an important mechanism of central nervous system impairment. Whether the obvious changes which occur in oxidative balance of the affective disorders are a part of the constitutive mechanism or a collateral effect yet remains as an interesting question. However it is now clear that oxidative stress is a component of these disorders, being characterized by different aspects in a disease-dependent manner. Still, there are a lot of controversies regarding the relevance of the oxidative stress status in most of the affective disorders and despite the fact that most of the studies are showing that the affective disorders development can be correlated to increased oxidative levels, there are various studies stating that oxidative stress is not linked with the mood changing tendencies. Thus, in this minireview we decided to describe the way in which oxidative stress is involved in the affective disorders development, by focusing on the main oxidative stress markers that could be used mechanistically and therapeutically in these deficiencies, the genetic perspectives, some antioxidant approaches, and the relevance of some animal models studies in this context.
Collapse
|
205
|
Douglas LN, McGuire AB, Manzardo AM, Butler MG. High-resolution chromosome ideogram representation of recognized genes for bipolar disorder. Gene 2016; 586:136-47. [PMID: 27063557 PMCID: PMC6675571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is genetically heterogeneous with a growing list of BPD associated genes reported in recent years resulting from increased genetic testing using advanced genetic technology, expanded genomic databases, and better awareness of the disorder. We compiled a master list of recognized susceptibility and genes associated with BPD identified from peer-reviewed medical literature sources using PubMed and by searching online databases, such as OMIM. Searched keywords were related to bipolar disorder and genetics. Our compiled list consisted of 290 genes with gene names arranged in alphabetical order in tabular form with source documents and their chromosome location and gene symbols plotted on high-resolution human chromosome ideograms. The identified genes impacted a broad range of biological pathways and processes including cellular signaling pathways particularly cAMP and calcium (e.g., CACNA1C, CAMK2A, CAMK2D, ADCY1, ADCY2); glutamatergic (e.g., GRIK1, GRM3, GRM7), dopaminergic (e.g., DRD2, DRD4, COMT, MAOA) and serotonergic (e.g., HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3B) neurotransmission; molecular transporters (e.g., SLC39A3, SLC6A3, SLC8A1); and neuronal growth (e.g., BDNF, IGFBP1, NRG1, NRG3). The increasing prevalence of BPD calls for better understanding of the genetic etiology of this disorder and associations between the observed BPD phenotype and genes. Visual representation of genes for bipolar disorder becomes a tool enabling clinical and laboratory geneticists, genetic counselors, and other health care providers and researchers easy access to the location and distribution of currently recognized BPD associated genes. Our study may also help inform diagnosis and advance treatment developments for those affected with this disorder and improve genetic counseling for families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Douglas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Austen B McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ann M Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Wang MH, Sun R, Guo J, Weng H, Lee J, Hu I, Sham PC, Zee BCY. A fast and powerful W-test for pairwise epistasis testing. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:e115. [PMID: 27112568 PMCID: PMC4937324 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epistasis plays an essential role in the development of complex diseases. Interaction methods face common challenge of seeking a balance between persistent power, model complexity, computation efficiency, and validity of identified bio-markers. We introduce a novel W-test to identify pairwise epistasis effect, which measures the distributional difference between cases and controls through a combined log odds ratio. The test is model-free, fast, and inherits a Chi-squared distribution with data adaptive degrees of freedom. No permutation is needed to obtain the P-values. Simulation studies demonstrated that the W-test is more powerful in low frequency variants environment than alternative methods, which are the Chi-squared test, logistic regression and multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR). In two independent real bipolar disorder genome-wide associations (GWAS) datasets, the W-test identified significant interactions pairs that can be replicated, including SLIT3-CENPN, SLIT3-TMEM132D, CNTNAP2-NDST4 and CNTCAP2-RTN4R The genes in the pairs play central roles in neurotransmission and synapse formation. A majority of the identified loci are undiscoverable by main effect and are low frequency variants. The proposed method offers a powerful alternative tool for mapping the genetic puzzle underlying complex disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Haitian Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Haoyi Weng
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jack Lee
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Inchi Hu
- ISOM Department and Biomedical Engineering Division, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry; Centre for Genomic Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benny Chung-Ying Zee
- Division of Biostatistics and Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Kim S, Cho CH, Geum D, Lee HJ. Association of CACNA1C Variants with Bipolar Disorder in the Korean Population. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:453-7. [PMID: 27482248 PMCID: PMC4965657 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested an association between CACNA1C and susceptibility of bipolar disorder. In this study, we examined the association of CACNA1C variants with bipolar disorder in the Korean population. METHODS We selected 2 CACNA1C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely, rs723672 and rs1051375, based on their functions and minor allele frequencies described in previous studies. Genotypes of these 2 SNPs were analyzed by extracting DNA from blood samples collected from 287 patients with bipolar disorder and 340 healthy controls. RESULTS Genotype frequencies of both rs723672 and rs1051375 SNPs were significantly different in patients and controls (p=0.0462 and 1.732E-14, respectively). Dominant, recessive, and allele models showed significant differences between patients and controls with respect to the rs1051375 SNP (p=1.72E-11, 4.17E-10, 4.95E-16, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that CACNA1C SNPs rs723672 and rs1051375 were associated with bipolar disorder in the Korean population. In addition, our results highlighted the importance of CACNA1C in determining susceptibility to bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Azorin JM, Belzeaux R, Fakra E, Hantouche EG, Adida M. Characteristics of depressive patients according to family history of affective illness: Findings from a French national cohort. J Affect Disord 2016; 198:15-22. [PMID: 26998792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature is scarce about the characteristics of mood disorder patients with a family history (FH) of affective illness. The aim of the current study was to compare the prominent features of depressive patients with a FH of mania (FHM), those of depressive patients with a FH of depression (FHD), and those of depressive patients with no FH of affective illness (FHO). METHODS As part of the EPIDEP National Multisite French Study of 493 consecutive DSM-IV major depressive patients evaluated in at least two semi-structured interviews 1 month apart, 45 (9.1%) were classified as FHM, 210 (42.6%) as FHD, and 238 (48.3%) as FHO. RESULTS The main characteristics of FHM patients were a cyclothymic temperament, the presence of mixed features and diurnal variations of mood during depression, early sexual behaviour, a high number of mood episodes and hypomanic switches, high rates of suicide attempts and rapid cycling; diagnosis of bipolar disorder was more frequent in this group as well as comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bulimia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and impulse control disorders. The FHD patients had more depressive temperament, generalized anxiety disorder, and anorexia nervosa. Compared to FHO, FHM and FHD showed an earlier age at onset, more comorbid anxiety disorders, as well as more psychotic features. LIMITATIONS The following are the limitations of this study: retrospective design, recall bias, and preferential enrolment of bipolar patients with a depressive predominant polarity. CONCLUSIONS In light of genetic studies conducted in affective disorder patients, our findings may support the hypothesis of genetic risks factors common to affective disorders and dimensions of temperament, that may extend to comorbid conditions specifically associated with bipolar or unipolar illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Azorin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France.
| | - R Belzeaux
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France
| | - E Fakra
- Department of Psychiatry, North Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - M Adida
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseilles, France
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Fries GR, Li Q, McAlpin B, Rein T, Walss-Bass C, Soares JC, Quevedo J. The role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:474-488. [PMID: 27328785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifactorial illness thought to result from an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, can modulate gene expression in response to the environment, and therefore might account for part of the heritability reported for BD. This paper aims to review evidence of the potential role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology and treatment of BD. In summary, several studies suggest that alterations in DNA methylation may play an important role in the dysregulation of gene expression in BD, and some actually suggest their potential use as biomarkers to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to treatment. This is also supported by reports of alterations in the levels of DNA methyltransferases in patients and in the mechanism of action of classical mood stabilizers. In this sense, targeting specific alterations in DNA methylation represents exciting new treatment possibilities for BD, and the 'plastic' characteristic of DNA methylation accounts for a promising possibility of restoring environment-induced modifications in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Qiongzhen Li
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blake McAlpin
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstraße 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Rd, 77054, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Tso P, Blom TJ, Welge JA, Strawn JR, Adler CM, Strakowski SM, DelBello MP. Adolescents with or at ultra-high risk for bipolar disorder exhibit erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid deficits: a candidate prodromal risk biomarker. Early Interv Psychiatry 2016; 10:203-11. [PMID: 26486098 PMCID: PMC4818707 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mood disorders are associated with low levels of the long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study investigated LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus in youth with or at varying risk for developing mania to assess its utility as a prodromal risk biomarker. METHOD Erythrocyte fatty acid composition was determined in healthy adolescents (n = 28, HC), asymptomatic adolescents with a biological parent with bipolar I disorder (n = 30; 'high risk', HR), adolescents with a biological parent with bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder, or depressive disorder not otherwise specified (n = 36; 'ultra-high risk', UHR), and first-episode adolescent bipolar manic patients (n = 35, BP). RESULTS Group differences were observed for DHA (P ≤ 0.0001) and EPA (P = 0.03). Compared with HC, erythrocyte EPA + DHA ('omega-3 index') was significantly lower in BP (-24%, P ≤ 0.0001) and UHR (-19%, P = 0.0006) groups, and there was a trend in the HR group (-11%, P = 0.06). Compared with HC (61%), a greater percentage of HR (77%, P = 0.02), UHR (80%, P = 0.005) and BP (97%, P = 0.001) subjects exhibited EPA + DHA levels of ≤4.0%. Among all subjects (n = 130), EPA + DHA was inversely correlated with manic (r = -0.29, P = 0.0008) and depressive (r = -0.28, P = 0.003) symptom severity. The AA/EPA + DHA ratio was significantly greater in BP (+22%, P = 0.0002) and UHR (+16%, P = 0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS Low EPA + DHA levels coincide with the initial onset of mania, and increasing risk for developing bipolar disorder is associated with graded erythrocyte EPA + DHA deficits. Low erythrocyte EPA + DHA biostatus may represent a promising prodromal risk biomarker warranting additional evaluation in future prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Ellis SE, Panitch R, West AB, Arking DE. Transcriptome analysis of cortical tissue reveals shared sets of downregulated genes in autism and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e817. [PMID: 27219343 PMCID: PMC5070061 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism (AUT), schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are three highly heritable neuropsychiatric conditions. Clinical similarities and genetic overlap between the three disorders have been reported; however, the causes and the downstream effects of this overlap remain elusive. By analyzing transcriptomic RNA-sequencing data generated from post-mortem cortical brain tissues from AUT, SCZ, BPD and control subjects, we have begun to characterize the extent of gene expression overlap between these disorders. We report that the AUT and SCZ transcriptomes are significantly correlated (P<0.001), whereas the other two cross-disorder comparisons (AUT-BPD and SCZ-BPD) are not. Among AUT and SCZ, we find that the genes differentially expressed across disorders are involved in neurotransmission and synapse regulation. Despite the lack of global transcriptomic overlap across all three disorders, we highlight two genes, IQSEC3 and COPS7A, which are significantly downregulated compared with controls across all three disorders, suggesting either shared etiology or compensatory changes across these neuropsychiatric conditions. Finally, we tested for enrichment of genes differentially expressed across disorders in genetic association signals in AUT, SCZ or BPD, reporting lack of signal in any of the previously published genome-wide association study (GWAS). Together, these studies highlight the importance of examining gene expression from the primary tissue involved in neuropsychiatric conditions-the cortical brain. We identify a shared role for altered neurotransmission and synapse regulation in AUT and SCZ, in addition to two genes that may more generally contribute to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Ellis
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Panitch
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A B West
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Sarıçiçek A, Zorlu N, Yalın N, Hıdıroğlu C, Çavuşoğlu B, Ceylan D, Ada E, Tunca Z, Özerdem A. Abnormal white matter integrity as a structural endophenotype for bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1547-1558. [PMID: 26947335 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with white matter (WM) pathology. Investigation of unaffected first-degree relatives of BD patients may help to distinguish structural biomarkers of genetic risk without the confounding effects of burden of illness, medication or clinical state. In the present study, we applied tract-based spatial statistics to study WM changes in patients with BD, unaffected siblings and controls. METHOD A total of 27 euthymic patients with BD type I, 20 unaffected siblings of bipolar patients and 29 healthy controls who did not have any current or past diagnosis of Axis I psychiatric disorders were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Fractional anisotropy (FA) was significantly lower in BD patients than in the control group in the corpus callosum, fornix, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, posterior thalamic radiation, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, superior corona radiata, anterior corona radiata and left external capsule. In region-of-interest (ROI) analyses, we found that both unaffected siblings and bipolar patients had significantly reduced FA in the left posterior thalamic radiation, the left sagittal stratum, and the fornix compared with healthy controls. Average FA for unaffected siblings was intermediate between the healthy controls and bipolar patients within these ROIs. CONCLUSIONS Decreased FA in the fornix, left posterior thalamic radiation and left sagittal stratum in both bipolar patients and unaffected siblings may represent a potential structural endophenotype or a trait-based marker for BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sarıçiçek
- Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,Izmir Katip Celebi University,Ataturk Training and Research Hospital,Izmir,Turkey
| | - N Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine,Izmir Katip Celebi University,Ataturk Training and Research Hospital,Izmir,Turkey
| | - N Yalın
- Department of Neuroscience,Health Sciences Institute,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| | - C Hıdıroğlu
- Department of Neuroscience,Health Sciences Institute,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| | - B Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Neuroscience,Health Sciences Institute,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| | - D Ceylan
- Department of Neuroscience,Health Sciences Institute,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| | - E Ada
- Department of Radiology,Faculty of Medicine,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| | - Z Tunca
- Department of Neuroscience,Health Sciences Institute,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| | - A Özerdem
- Department of Neuroscience,Health Sciences Institute,Dokuz Eylul University,Izmir,Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Wen Z, Chen J, Khan RAW, Song Z, Wang M, Li Z, Shen J, Li W, Shi Y. Genetic association between NRG1 and schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder in Han Chinese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171B:468-78. [PMID: 26888291 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder are three major psychiatric disorders affecting around 0.66%, 3.3%, and 1.5% of the Han Chinese population respectively. Several genetic linkage analyses and genome wide association studies identified NRG1 as a susceptibility gene of schizophrenia, which was validated by its role in neurodevelopment, glutamate, and other neurotransmitter receptor expression regulation. To further investigate whether NRG1 is a shared risk gene for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder as well as schizophrenia, we performed an association study among 1,248 schizophrenia cases, 1,056 major depression cases, 1,344 bipolar disorder cases, and 1,248 controls. Totally 15 tag SNPs were genotyped and analyzed, and no population stratification was found in our sample set. Among the sites, rs4236710 (corrected Pgenotye = 0.015) and rs4512342 (Pallele = 0.03, Pgenotye = 0.045 after correction) were associated with schizophrenia, and rs2919375 (corrected Pgenotye = 0.004) was associated with major depressive disorder. The haplotype rs4512342-rs6982890 showed association with schizophrenia (P = 0.03 for haplotype "TC" after correction), and haplotype rs4531002-rs11989919 proved to be a shared risk factor for both major depressive disorder ("CC": corrected P = 0.009) and bipolar disorder ("CT": corrected P = 0.003). Our results confirmed that NRG1 was a shared common susceptibility gene for major mental disorders in Han Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zujia Wen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Raja Amjad Waheed Khan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Song
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education) and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Scola G, McNamara RK, Croarkin PE, Leffler JM, Cullen KR, Geske JR, Biernacka JM, Frye MA, DelBello MP, Andreazza AC. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers in adolescents with or at high-risk for bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:176-83. [PMID: 26735329 PMCID: PMC5549852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work suggests that adult bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. This exploratory study examined markers of lipid and protein oxidation and inflammation in adolescents with and at varying risk for BD type I (BD-I). METHODS Blood was obtained from four groups of adolescents (9-20 years of age): (1) healthy comparison subjects with no personal or family history of psychiatric disorders (n=13), (2) subjects with no psychiatric diagnosis and at least one parent with BD-I ('high-risk', n=15), (3) subjects with at least one parent with BD-I and a diagnosis of depressive disorder not-otherwise-specified ('ultra-high-risk', n=20), and (4) first-episode patients exhibiting mixed or manic symptoms that received a diagnosis of BD-I (n=16). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (LPH, 4-HNE, 8-ISO), protein carbonyl, and inflammation (IL-1α-β, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, TNFα) were assessed using analysis of variance and covariance models. RESULTS LPH was lower in adolescents with fully syndromal BD than controls, while LPH levels in the at-risk groups were between healthy controls and fully syndromal BD. Post-hoc analysis showed a non-significant increase in the (4-HNE+8-ISO)/LPH ratio suggesting a potential conversion of LPH into late-stage markers of lipid peroxidation. There were no significant differences among protein carbonyl content and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, fully syndromal BD is associated with significant reductions in LPH levels, and LPH levels decrease along the spectrum of risk for BD-I. Quantifying lipid peroxidation in longitudinal studies may help clarify the role of LPH in BD risk progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Scola
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jarrod M Leffler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto & Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Abstract
Although genetic studies of Bipolar Disorder have been pursued for decades, it has only been in the last several years that clearly replicated findings have emerged. These findings, typically of modest effects, point to a polygenic genetic architecture consisting of multiple common and rare susceptibility variants. While larger genome-wide association studies are ongoing, the advent of whole exome and genome sequencing should lead to the identification of rare, and potentially more penetrant, variants. Progress along both fronts will provide novel insights into the biology of Bipolar Disorder and help usher in a new era of personalized medicine and improved treatments.
Collapse
|
216
|
Papmeyer M, Sussmann JE, Stewart T, Giles S, Centola JG, Zannias V, Lawrie SM, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM. Prospective longitudinal study of subcortical brain volumes in individuals at high familial risk of mood disorders with or without subsequent onset of depression. Psychiatry Res 2016; 248:119-125. [PMID: 26778365 PMCID: PMC4834463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical volumetric brain abnormalities have been observed in mood disorders. However, it is unknown whether these reflect adverse effects predisposing to mood disorders or emerge at illness onset. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at baseline and after two years in 111 initially unaffected young adults at increased risk of mood disorders because of a close family history of bipolar disorder and 93 healthy controls (HC). During the follow-up, 20 high-risk subjects developed major depressive disorder (HR-MDD), with the others remaining well (HR-well). Volumes of the lateral ventricles, caudate, putamen, pallidum, thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala were extracted for each hemisphere. Using linear mixed-effects models, differences and longitudinal changes in subcortical volumes were investigated between groups (HC, HR-MDD, HR-well). There were no significant differences for any subcortical volume between groups controlling for multiple testing. Additionally, no significant differences emerged between groups over time. Our results indicate that volumetric subcortical brain abnormalities of these regions using the current method appear not to form familial trait markers for vulnerability to mood disorders in close relatives of bipolar disorder patients over the two-year time period studied. Moreover, they do not appear to reduce in response to illness onset at least for the time period studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom; Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany Stewart
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Giles
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - John G Centola
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Zannias
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Morales-Marín ME, Genis-Mendoza AD, Tovilla-Zarate CA, Lanzagorta N, Escamilla M, Nicolini H. Association between obesity and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism Val66Met in individuals with bipolar disorder in Mexican population. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:1843-8. [PMID: 27524902 PMCID: PMC4966648 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been considered as an important candidate gene in bipolar disorder (BD); this association has been derived from several genetic and genome-wide studies. A polymorphic variant of the BDNF (Val66Met) confers some differences in the clinical presentation of affective disorders. In this study, we evaluated a sample population from Mexico City to determine whether the BDNF (rs6265) Val66Met polymorphism is associated with the body mass index (BMI) of patients with BD. METHODS This association study included a sample population of 357 individuals recruited in Mexico City. A total of 139 participants were diagnosed with BD and 137 were classified as psychiatrically healthy controls (all individuals were interviewed and evaluated by the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was performed in 96-well plates using the TaqMan Universal Thermal Cycling Protocol. After the PCR end point was reached, fluorescence intensity was measured in a 7,500 real-time PCR system and evaluated using the SDS v2.1 software, results were analyzed with Finetti and SPSS software. Concerning BMI stratification, random groups were defined as follows: normal <25 kg/m(2), overweight (Ow) =25.1-29.9 kg/m(2), and obesity (Ob) >30 kg/m(2). RESULTS In the present work, we report the association of a particular BMI phenotype with the presence of the Val66Met allele in patients with BD (P=0.0033 and odds ratio [95% confidence interval] =0.332 [157-0.703]), and correlated the risk for valine allele carriers with Ow and Ob in patients with BD. CONCLUSION We found that the methionine allele confers a lower risk of developing Ow and Ob in patients with BD. We also confirmed that the G polymorphism represents a risk of developing Ow and Ob in patients with BD. In future studies, the haplotype analysis should provide additional evidence that BDNF may be associated with BD and BMI within the Mexican population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Edith Morales-Marín
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), CDMX, Mexico; Psychiatric Care Services, Child Psychiatric Hospital Dr Juan N Navarro, CDMX, Mexico
| | | | | | - Michael Escamilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso TX, USA
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Genomics of Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), CDMX, Mexico; Carracci Medical Group, CDMX, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Cosgrove VE, Kelsoe JR, Suppes T. Toward a Valid Animal Model of Bipolar Disorder: How the Research Domain Criteria Help Bridge the Clinical-Basic Science Divide. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:62-70. [PMID: 26531027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a diagnostically heterogeneous disorder, although mania emerges as a distinct phenotype characterized by elevated mood and increased activity or energy. While bipolar disorder's cyclicity is difficult to represent in animals, models of mania have begun to decode its fundamental underlying neurobiology. When psychostimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine are administered to rodents, a resulting upsurge of motor activity is thought to share face and predictive validity with mania in humans. Studying black Swiss mice, which inherently exhibit proclivity for reward seeking and risk taking, also has yielded some insight. Further, translating the biology of bipolar disorder in humans into animal models has led to greater understanding of roles for candidate biological systems such as the GRIK2 and CLOCK genes, as well as the extracellular signal-related kinase pathway involved in the pathophysiology of the illness. The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative seeks to identify building blocks of complex illnesses like bipolar disorder in hopes of uncovering the neurobiology of each, as well as how each fits together to produce syndromes like bipolar disorder or why so many mental illnesses co-occur together. Research Domain Criteria-driven preclinical models of isolated behaviors and domains involved in mania and bipolar disorder will ultimately inform movement toward nosology supported by neurobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto.
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Trisha Suppes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Smoller JW. The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:297-319. [PMID: 26321314 PMCID: PMC4677147 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into the causes of psychopathology has largely focused on two broad etiologic factors: genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. An important role for familial/heritable factors in the etiology of a broad range of psychiatric disorders was established well before the modern era of genomic research. This review focuses on the genetic basis of three disorder categories-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and the anxiety disorders-for which environmental stressors and stress responses are understood to be central to pathogenesis. Each of these disorders aggregates in families and is moderately heritable. More recently, molecular genetic approaches, including genome-wide studies of genetic variation, have been applied to identify specific risk variants. In this review, I summarize evidence for genetic contributions to PTSD, MDD, and the anxiety disorders including genetic epidemiology, the role of common genetic variation, the role of rare and structural variation, and the role of gene-environment interaction. Available data suggest that stress-related disorders are highly complex and polygenic and, despite substantial progress in other areas of psychiatric genetics, few risk loci have been identified for these disorders. Progress in this area will likely require analysis of much larger sample sizes than have been reported to date. The phenotypic complexity and genetic overlap among these disorders present further challenges. The review concludes with a discussion of prospects for clinical translation of genetic findings and future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
A significant risk locus on 19q13 for bipolar disorder identified using a combined genome-wide linkage and copy number variation analysis. BioData Min 2015; 8:42. [PMID: 26692414 PMCID: PMC4683747 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-015-0076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic background to bipolar disorder (BPD) has been attributed to different genetic and genomic risk factors. In the present study we hypothesized that inherited copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to susceptibility of BPD. We screened 637 BP-pedigrees from the NIMH Genetic Initiative and gave priority to 46 pedigrees. In this subsample we performed parametric and non-parametric genome-wide linkage analyses using ~21,000 SNP-markers. We developed an algorithm to test for linkage restricted to regions with CNVs that are shared within and across families. Results For the combined CNV and linkage analysis, one region on 19q13 survived correction for multiple comparisons and replicates a previous BPD risk locus. The shared CNV map to the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) gene, a gene-family not previously implicated in BPD etiology. Two SNPs in the shared CNV are likely transcription factor binding sites and are linked to expression of an F-box binding gene, a key regulator of neuronal pathways suggested to be involved in BPD etiology. Conclusions Our CNV-weighted linkage approach identifies a risk locus for BPD on 19q13 and forms a useful tool to future studies to unravel part of the genetic vulnerability to BPD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13040-015-0076-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
221
|
Nery FG, Gigante AD, Amaral JA, Fernandes FBF, Berutti M, Almeida KM, Carneiro CDG, Duran FLS, Otaduy MG, Leite CC, Busatto G, Lafer B. Gray matter volumes in patients with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:188-93. [PMID: 26459073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is highly heritable. First-degree relatives of BD patient have an increased risk to develop the disease. We investigated abnormalities in gray matter (GM) volumes in healthy first-degree relatives of BD patients to identify possible brain structural endophenotypes for the disorder. 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained from 25 DSM-IV BD type I patients, 23 unaffected relatives, and 27 healthy controls (HC). A voxel-based morphometry protocol was used to compare differences in GM volumes between groups. BD patients presented reduced GM volumes bilaterally in the thalamus compared with HC. Relatives presented no global or regional GM differences compared with HC. Our negative results do not support the role of GM volume abnormalities as endophenotypes for BD. Thalamic volume abnormalities may be associated the pathophysiology of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano G Nery
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Alexandre Duarte Gigante
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose A Amaral
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francy B F Fernandes
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariangeles Berutti
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karla M Almeida
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Godoi Carneiro
- Laboratory of Neuroimage in Psychiatry (LIM 21), Research in Applied Neuroscience, Support Core of the University of Sao Paulo (NAPNA-USP), Brazil
| | - Fabio Luis Souza Duran
- Laboratory of Neuroimage in Psychiatry (LIM 21), Research in Applied Neuroscience, Support Core of the University of Sao Paulo (NAPNA-USP), Brazil
| | - Maria G Otaduy
- Laboratory of Neuroradiology (LIM 44), Department of Radiology and Oncology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Costa Leite
- Laboratory of Neuroradiology (LIM 44), Department of Radiology and Oncology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Busatto
- Laboratory of Neuroimage in Psychiatry (LIM 21), Research in Applied Neuroscience, Support Core of the University of Sao Paulo (NAPNA-USP), Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for bipolar disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study in bipolar type I patients and healthy first degree relatives. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:110-8. [PMID: 26233321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable mental illness which is associated with neuroanatomical abnormalities. Investigating healthy individuals at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder may help to identify neuroanatomical markers of risk and resilience without the confounding effects of burden of illness or medication. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 30 euthymic patients with BD-I (BP), 28 healthy first degree relatives of BD-I patients (HR), and 30 healthy controls (HC). Data was analyzed using DARTEL for voxel based morphometry in SPM8. RESULTS Whole-brain analysis revealed a significant main effect of group in the gray matter volume in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left lingual gyrus and cerebellum, posterior cingulate gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus (alphasim corrected (≤0.05 FWE)). Post-hoc t-tests showed that inferior frontal gyrus volumes were bilaterally larger both in BP and HR than in HC. BP and HR also had smaller cerebellar volume compared with HC. In addition, BP had smaller left lingual gyrus volume, whereas HR had larger left parahippocampal and supramarginal gyrus volume compared with HC. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional and the sample size was not large. All bipolar patients were on medication, therefore we were not able to exclude medication effects in bipolar group in this study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased inferior frontal gyrus and decreased cerebellar volumes might be associated with genetic predisposition for bipolar disorder. Longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the predictive and prognostic value of structural changes in these regions.
Collapse
|
223
|
Papmeyer M, Sussmann JE, Hall J, McKirdy J, Peel A, Macdonald A, Lawrie SM, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM. Neurocognition in individuals at high familial risk of mood disorders with or without subsequent onset of depression. Psychol Med 2015; 45:3317-27. [PMID: 26189425 PMCID: PMC5034888 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive performance deficits have been observed in mood disorder patients and their unaffected relatives and may therefore qualify as endophenotypes. However, the precise time course of neurocognitive deficits has not been studied so that it is unknown whether neurocognitive abnormalities reflect the early effects of familial vulnerability to mood disorders or if they emerge at illness onset. METHOD A neuropsychological test battery was administered at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up interval in 111 initially unaffected young adults at high familial risk of mood disorders and 93 healthy controls (HC). During the follow-up period, 20 high-risk subjects developed major depressive disorder (HR-MDD), with the remainder remaining well (HR-well). Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate differences and longitudinal changes in the domains of attentional processing, working memory, verbal learning and memory, and cognitive flexibility. RESULTS Reduced long delay verbal memory and extradimensional set-shifting performance across both time points were found in the HR-well group relative to controls. The HR-MDD group displayed decreased extradimensional set-shifting abilities across both time points as compared with the HC group only. There were no significant performance differences between the two high-risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Reduced verbal memory and cognitive flexibility are familial trait markers for vulnerability to mood disorders in individuals with a close family history of bipolar disorder. Both neurocognitive performance deficits appear to be relatively stable over a 2-year time period and do not appear to be linked to the onset of MDD. These findings support their use as stable quantitative endophenotypes for mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James McKirdy
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Peel
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alix Macdonald
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Knott S, Forty L, Craddock N, Thomas RH. Epilepsy and bipolar disorder. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:267-74. [PMID: 26316422 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that mood disorders and epilepsy commonly co-occur. Despite this, our knowledge regarding the relationship between epilepsy and bipolar disorder is limited. Several shared features between the two disorders, such as their episodic nature and potential to run a chronic course, and the efficacy of some antiepileptic medications in the prophylaxis of both disorders, are often cited as evidence of possible shared underlying pathophysiology. The present paper aims to review the bidirectional associations between epilepsy and bipolar disorder, with a focus on epidemiological links, evidence for shared etiology, and the impact of these disorders on both the individual and wider society. Better recognition and understanding of these two complex disorders, along with an integrated clinical approach, are crucial for improved evaluation and management of comorbid epilepsy and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Knott
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Liz Forty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Pasi S, Singh PK, Pandey RK, Dikshit PC, Jiloha RC, Rao VR. Evaluation of psychiatric and genetic risk factors among primary relatives of suicide completers in Delhi NCR region, India. Psychiatry Res 2015. [PMID: 26205629 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicide as a public health problem is studied worldwide and association of psychiatric and genetic risk factors for suicidal behavior are the point of discussion in studies across different ethnic groups. The present study is aimed at evaluating psychiatric and genetic traits among primary relatives of suicide completer families in an urban Indian population. Bi-variate analysis shows significant increase in major depression (PHQ and Hamilton), stress, panic disorder, somatoform disorder and suicide attemptamong primary compared to other relatives. Sib pair correlations also reveal significant results for major depression (Hamilton), stress, suicide attempt, intensity of suicide ideation and other anxiety syndrome. 5-HTTLPR, 5-HTT (Stin2) and COMT risk alleles are higher among primary relatives, though statistically insignificant. Backward conditional logistic regression analysis show only independent variable, Depression (Hamilton) made a unique statistically significant contribution to the model in primary relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Pasi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - P C Dikshit
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Moulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - R C Jiloha
- Department of Psychiatry, G.B. Pant Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - V R Rao
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Abstract
Some of the latest advances in personalized psychiatry with future research directions are discussed in this article. Many factors contribute to the phenotypic psychiatric profile in individual patients. These overlapping factors include but are not limited to genetics, epigenetics, central nervous system circuit alterations, family history, past personal history, environmental influences including early life stress, and more recent life stressors. The authors discuss the role of pharmacogenomics, particularly in the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in relation to treatment response. Despite some promising advances in personalized medicine in psychiatry, it is still in its early phases of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Alhajji
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Lilienfeld SO, Sauvigné KC, Lynn SJ, Cautin RL, Latzman RD, Waldman ID. Fifty psychological and psychiatric terms to avoid: a list of inaccurate, misleading, misused, ambiguous, and logically confused words and phrases. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1100. [PMID: 26284019 PMCID: PMC4522609 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this article is to promote clear thinking and clear writing among students and teachers of psychological science by curbing terminological misinformation and confusion. To this end, we present a provisional list of 50 commonly used terms in psychology, psychiatry, and allied fields that should be avoided, or at most used sparingly and with explicit caveats. We provide corrective information for students, instructors, and researchers regarding these terms, which we organize for expository purposes into five categories: inaccurate or misleading terms, frequently misused terms, ambiguous terms, oxymorons, and pleonasms. For each term, we (a) explain why it is problematic, (b) delineate one or more examples of its misuse, and (c) when pertinent, offer recommendations for preferable terms. By being more judicious in their use of terminology, psychologists and psychiatrists can foster clearer thinking in their students and the field at large regarding mental phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven Jay Lynn
- Binghamton University – State University of New York, Binghamton, NYUSA
| | - Robin L. Cautin
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart College, Fairfield, CTUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
228
|
Marangoni C, De Chiara L, Faedda GL. Bipolar disorder and ADHD: comorbidity and diagnostic distinctions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2015; 17:604. [PMID: 26084666 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-015-0604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in childhood and early adolescence, and common persistence in adulthood. Both disorders are often undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and sometimes over diagnosed, leading to high rates of morbidity and disability. The differentiation of these conditions is based on their clinical features, comorbidity, psychiatric family history course of illness, and response to treatment. We review recent relevant findings and highlight epidemiological, clinical, family history, course, and treatment-response differences that can aid the differential diagnosis of these conditions in an outpatient pediatric setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Marangoni
- Centro Lucio Bini, Via Crescenzio 42, 00193, Rome, Italy,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
229
|
Sabunciyan S, Maher B, Bahn S, Dickerson F, Yolken RH. Association of DNA Methylation with Acute Mania and Inflammatory Markers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132001. [PMID: 26147665 PMCID: PMC4492496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine whether epigenetic changes specific to the manic mood state can be detected in peripheral blood samples we assayed DNA methylation levels genome-wide in serum samples obtained from 20 patients hospitalized for mania and 20 unaffected controls using the Illumina 450K methylation arrays. We identified a methylation locus in the CYP11A1 gene, which is regulated by corticotropin, that is hypo-methylated in individuals hospitalized for mania compared with unaffected controls. DNA methylation levels at this locus appear to be state related as levels in follow-up samples collected from mania patients six months after hospitalization were similar to those observed in controls. In addition, we found that methylation levels at the CYP11A1 locus were significantly correlated with three inflammatory markers in serum in acute mania cases but not in unaffected controls. We conclude that mania is associated with alterations in levels of DNA methylation and inflammatory markers. Since epigenetic markers are potentially malleable, a better understanding of the role of epigenetics may lead to new methods for the prevention and treatment of mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarven Sabunciyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (RHY)
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Dickerson
- Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Yolken
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (RHY)
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Monahan PO, Stump T, Coryell WH, Harezlak J, Marcoulides GA, Liu H, Steeger CM, Mitchell PB, Wilcox HC, Hulvershorn LA, Glowinski AL, Iyer-Eimerbrink PA, McInnis M, Nurnberger JI. Confirmatory test of two factors and four subtypes of bipolar disorder based on lifetime psychiatric co-morbidity. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2181-2196. [PMID: 25823794 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first aim was to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test a hypothesis that two factors (internalizing and externalizing) account for lifetime co-morbid DSM-IV diagnoses among adults with bipolar I (BPI) disorder. The second aim was to use confirmatory latent class analysis (CLCA) to test the hypothesis that four clinical subtypes are detectible: pure BPI; BPI plus internalizing disorders only; BPI plus externalizing disorders only; and BPI plus internalizing and externalizing disorders. METHOD A cohort of 699 multiplex BPI families was studied, ascertained and assessed (1998-2003) by the National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative Bipolar Consortium: 1156 with BPI disorder (504 adult probands; 594 first-degree relatives; and 58 more distant relatives) and 563 first-degree relatives without BPI. Best-estimate consensus DSM-IV diagnoses were based on structured interviews, family history and medical records. MPLUS software was used for CFA and CLCA. RESULTS The two-factor CFA model fit the data very well, and could not be improved by adding or removing paths. The four-class CLCA model fit better than exploratory LCA models or post-hoc-modified CLCA models. The two factors and four classes were associated with distinctive clinical course and severity variables, adjusted for proband gender. Co-morbidity, especially more than one internalizing and/or externalizing disorder, was associated with a more severe and complicated course of illness. The four classes demonstrated significant familial aggregation, adjusted for gender and age of relatives. CONCLUSIONS The BPI two-factor and four-cluster hypotheses demonstrated substantial confirmatory support. These models may be useful for subtyping BPI disorders, predicting course of illness and refining the phenotype in genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P O Monahan
- Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| | - T Stump
- Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| | - W H Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry,Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine,University of Iowa,Iowa City,IA,USA
| | - J Harezlak
- Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| | - G A Marcoulides
- Research Methods & Statistics Program,Graduate School of Education,University of California-Riverside,Riverside,CA,USA
| | - H Liu
- Department of Biostatistics,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| | - C M Steeger
- Department of Psychology,College of Arts and Letters,University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,IN,USA
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry,University of New South Wales,Sydney,NSW,Australia
| | - H C Wilcox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine,Baltimore,MD,USA
| | - L A Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| | - A L Glowinski
- Department of Psychiatry,Washington University School of Medicine,St Louis,MO,USA
| | - P A Iyer-Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychiatry,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| | - M McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry,School of Medicine,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,MI,USA
| | - J I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry,Indiana University School of Medicine,Indianapolis,IN,USA
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Cortical Thickness in Individuals at High Familial Risk of Mood Disorders as They Develop Major Depressive Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:58-66. [PMID: 25534753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontal and temporal cortical thickness abnormalities have been observed in mood disorders. However, it is unknown whether cortical thickness abnormalities reflect early adverse effects of genetic and environmental risk factors predisposing to mood disorders or emerge at illness onset. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at baseline and after a 2-year follow-up interval in 111 initially unaffected young adults at high familial risk of mood disorders and 93 healthy control subjects (HC). During the follow-up period, 20 high-risk subjects developed major depressive disorder (HR-MDD), with the remainder remaining well (HR-well). Cortical surface reconstruction was applied to measure cortical thickness of frontal and temporal regions of interest. Mixed-effects models were used to investigate differences and longitudinal changes in cortical thickness. RESULTS Reduced cortical thickness in the right parahippocampal and fusiform gyrus across both time points was found in both high-risk groups. HR-MDD also had thinner parahippocampi than HR-well individuals. Over time, HR-well and HC individuals had progressive thickness reductions in the left inferior frontal and precentral gyrus, which were greater in HR-well subjects. HR-MDD showed left inferior frontal gyrus thickening relative to HR-well subjects and left precentral gyrus thickening relative to HR-well and HC individuals. CONCLUSIONS Reduced right parahippocampal and fusiform gyrus thickness are familial trait markers for vulnerability to mood disorders. Increased risk for mood disorders is associated with progressive cortical thinning in the left inferior frontal and precentral gyri in subjects who remain well. In contrast, onset of depression is associated with increasing left inferior frontal and precentral thickness.
Collapse
|
232
|
Ratheesh A, Berk M, Davey CG, McGorry PD, Cotton SM. Instruments that prospectively predict bipolar disorder - A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 179:65-73. [PMID: 25845751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of earlier stages of Bipolar Disorder (BD), even prior to the first manic episode, may help develop interventions to prevent or delay the onset of BD. However, reliable and valid instruments are necessary to ascertain such earlier stages of BD. The aim of the current review was to identify instruments that had predictive validity and utility for BD for use in early intervention (EI) settings for the prevention of BD. METHODS We undertook a systematic examination of studies that examined participants without BD I or II at baseline and prospectively explored the predictive abilities of instruments for BD onset over a period of 6 months or more. The instruments and the studies were rated with respect to their relative validity and utility predicting onset of BD for prevention or early intervention. Odds ratios and area under the curve (AUC) values were derived when not reported. RESULTS Six studies were included, identifying five instruments that examined sub-threshold symptoms, family history, temperament and behavioral regulation. Though none of the identified instruments had been examined in high-quality replicated studies for predicting BD, two instruments, namely the Child Behavioral Checklist - Pediatric BD phenotype (CBCL-PBD) and the General Behavioral Inventory - Revised (GBI-R), had greater levels of validity and utility. LIMITATION Non-inclusion of studies and instruments that incidentally identified BD on follow-up limited the breadth of the review. CONCLUSION Instruments that test domains such as subthreshold symptoms, behavioral regulation, family history, and temperament hold promise in predicting BD onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Ratheesh
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre For Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre For Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Impact Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre For Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre For Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Cotton
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia; Centre For Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Drago A, Crisafulli C, Calabrò M, Serretti A. Enrichment pathway analysis. The inflammatory genetic background in Bipolar Disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 179:88-94. [PMID: 25855618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD) is yet to be fully characterized. In the last years attention was focused on neurodevelopment or neurodegenerative events. In this context, hyper- and hypo- activation of inflammatory cascades may play a role in modulating the architecture and function of neuronal tissues. In the present paper we tested the enrichment of molecular pathways related to inflammatory cascades (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF and INF) testing whether genes related to these systems hold more variations associated with the risk for BD than expected. METHODS ~7000 bipolar patients and controls with genome-wide data available from NIMH dataset were analyzed. SNPs were imputed, checked for quality control, pruned and tested for association (0.01<p). Fisher test was conducted to test the enrichment within the pathways and the association was permutated (10(5) times) to limit false positive findings. RESULTS As a result, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN related pathways held twice to thrice the number of expected variants associated with BD. These tests resisted the permutation analysis. LIMITATIONS The restricted number of inflammatory components included in the analysis and the lack of functional consequences for some of the SNPs analyzed may be biased; however, these choices helped the authors to lighten the statistical computational load for the analyses and at the same time included possibly hidden SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with the analyzed variations. CONCLUSIONS We bring evidence that the inflammatory cascades may be genetically varied in Bipolar patients. This genetic background may explain part of the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Drago
- I.R.C.C.S. "San Giovanni di Dio", Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical Science and morphological and functional images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical Science and morphological and functional images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - DIBINEM -, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Increased impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for bipolar disorder: evidence from self-report and experimental measures in two high-risk populations. J Affect Disord 2015; 178:18-24. [PMID: 25770479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened impulsivity has been suggested as a possible risk factor for bipolar disorder (BD). However, studies on high-risk populations are scarce and have mainly focused on individuals with a genetic risk. The present study investigated two high-risk samples for BD with regard to several aspects of the impulsivity construct. METHODS Unaffected relatives of BD patients (genetically defined high-risk group, N=29) and participants scoring high on the Hypomanic Personality Scale (psychometrically defined high-risk sample, N=25) were being compared to respective control groups (N=27 and N=25) using a multi-method approach. Participants were accessed on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11, trait impulsivity), the Stop Signal Task (response inhibition), and the Cambridge Gambling Task (impulsive behavior in decision-making processes). RESULTS Both high-risk groups reported heightened impulsivity on the BIS-11, as well as impulsive decision-making, whereas no significant group differences in response inhibition were observed. LIMITATIONS Limitations were the lack in specificity of the results for BD and the cross-sectional study design, which does not allow conclusions about the influence of impulsivity on the development of or resilience for BD in risk groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the assumption that increased trait impulsivity and impulsive decision-making are a vulnerability marker for and an endophenotype of BD.
Collapse
|
235
|
Impact of Population Stratification on Family-Based Association in an Admixed Population. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:501617. [PMID: 26064873 PMCID: PMC4434195 DOI: 10.1155/2015/501617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Population substructure is a well-known confounder in population-based case-control genetic studies, but its impact in family-based studies is unclear. We performed population substructure analysis using extended families of admixed population to evaluate power and Type I error in an association study framework. Our analysis shows that power was improved by 1.5% after principal components adjustment. Type I error was also reduced by 2.2% after adjusting for family substratification. The presence of population substructure was underscored by discriminant analysis, in which over 92% of individuals were correctly assigned to their actual family using only 100 principal components. This study demonstrates the importance of adjusting for population substructure in family-based studies of admixed populations.
Collapse
|
236
|
ZNF804A Genetic Variation Confers Risk to Bipolar Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2936-2943. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
237
|
Tavares NDO, Neves FDS, Malloy-Diniz LF. Model endophenotype for bipolar disorder: Qualitative Analysis, etiological factors, and research areas. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2015; 48 Spec No. 2:204-12. [PMID: 25830757 DOI: 10.1590/s0080-623420140000800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present an updated view of the writings on the endophenotype model for bipolar disorder using analytical methodologies. A review and analysis of networks was performed through descriptors and keywords that characterize the composition of the endophenotype model as a model of health. Information was collected from between 1992 and 2014, and the main thematic areas covered in the articles were identified. We discuss the results and question their cohesion, emphasizing the need to strengthen and identify the points of connection between etiological factors and characteristics that make up the model of endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando da Silva Neves
- Mental Health Department and Psychiatry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
238
|
Avramopoulos D, Pearce BD, McGrath J, Wolyniec P, Wang R, Eckart N, Hatzimanolis A, Goes FS, Nestadt G, Mulle J, Coneely K, Hopkins M, Ruczinski I, Yolken R, Pulver AE. Infection and inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a genome wide study for interactions with genetic variation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116696. [PMID: 25781172 PMCID: PMC4363491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and maternal or fetal infections have been suggested as risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). It is likely that such environmental effects are contingent on genetic background. Here, in a genome-wide approach, we test the hypothesis that such exposures increase the risk for SZ and BP and that the increase is dependent on genetic variants. We use genome-wide genotype data, plasma IgG antibody measurements against Toxoplasma gondii, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpes Virus 6 and the food antigen gliadin as well as measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), a peripheral marker of inflammation. The subjects are SZ cases, BP cases, parents of cases and screened controls. We look for higher levels of our immunity/infection variables and interactions between them and common genetic variation genome-wide. We find many of the antibody measurements higher in both disorders. While individual tests do not withstand correction for multiple comparisons, the number of nominally significant tests and the comparisons showing the expected direction are in significant excess (permutation p=0.019 and 0.004 respectively). We also find CRP levels highly elevated in SZ, BP and the mothers of BP cases, in agreement with existing literature, but possibly confounded by our inability to correct for smoking or body mass index. In our genome-wide interaction analysis no signal reached genome-wide significance, yet many plausible candidate genes emerged. In a hypothesis driven test, we found multiple interactions among SZ-associated SNPs in the HLA region on chromosome 6 and replicated an interaction between CMV infection and genotypes near the CTNNA3 gene reported by a recent GWAS. Our results support that inflammatory processes and infection may modify the risk for psychosis and suggest that the genotype at SZ-associated HLA loci modifies the effect of these variables on the risk to develop SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brad D. Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - John McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Paula Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicole Eckart
- McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alexandros Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Mulle
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Karen Coneely
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Myfanwy Hopkins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Bloomberg School of Public Heath, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Yolken
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Song J, Bergen SE, Kuja-Halkola R, Larsson H, Landén M, Lichtenstein P. Bipolar disorder and its relation to major psychiatric disorders: a family-based study in the Swedish population. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:184-93. [PMID: 25118125 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BPD) shares genetic components with other psychiatric disorders; however, uncertainty remains about where in the psychiatric spectra BPD falls. To understand the etiology of BPD, we studied the familial aggregation of BPD and co-aggregation between BPD and schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug abuse, personality disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. METHODS A population-based cohort was created by linking several Swedish national registers. A total of 54,723 individuals with BPD were identified among 8,141,033 offspring from 4,149,748 nuclear families. The relative risk of BPD in relatives and the co-occurrence of other psychiatric disorders in patients with BPD and their relatives were compared to those of matched-population controls. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the heritability and tetrachoric correlation. RESULTS The familial risks for relatives of BPD probands were 5.8-7.9 in first-degree relatives, and decreased with genetic distance. Co-occurrence risks for other psychiatric disorders were 9.7-22.9 in individuals with BPD and 1.7-2.8 in full siblings of BPD probands. Heritability for BPD was estimated at 58%. The correlations between BPD and other psychiatric disorders were considerable (0.37-0.62) and primarily due to genetic effects. The correlation with depression was the highest (0.62), and was 0.44 for schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The high familial risks provide evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of BPD, and the shared genetic determinants suggest pleiotropic effects across different psychiatric disorders. Results also indicate that BPD is in both the mood and psychotic spectra, but possibly more closely related to mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
240
|
Mansur RB, Brietzke E, McIntyre RS. Is there a "metabolic-mood syndrome"? A review of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:89-104. [PMID: 25579847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and mood disorders are highly prevalent and co-morbid. Epidemiological studies have highlighted the public health relevance of this association, insofar as both conditions and its co-occurrence are associated with a staggering illness-associated burden. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity and mood disorders are intrinsically linked and share a series of clinical, neurobiological, genetic and environmental factors. The relationship of these conditions has been described as convergent and bidirectional; and some authors have attempted to describe a specific subtype of mood disorders characterized by a higher incidence of obesity and metabolic problems. However, the nature of this association remains poorly understood. There are significant inconsistencies in the studies evaluating metabolic and mood disorders; and, as a result, several questions persist about the validity and the generalizability of the findings. An important limitation in this area of research is the noteworthy phenotypic and pathophysiological heterogeneity of metabolic and mood disorders. Although clinically useful, categorical classifications in both conditions have limited heuristic value and its use hinders a more comprehensive understanding of the association between metabolic and mood disorders. A recent trend in psychiatry is to move toward a domain specific approach, wherein psychopathology constructs are agnostic to DSM-defined diagnostic categories and, instead, there is an effort to categorize domains based on pathogenic substrates, as proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC). Moreover, the substrates subserving psychopathology seems to be unspecific and extend into other medical illnesses that share in common brain consequences, which includes metabolic disorders. Overall, accumulating evidence indicates that there is a consistent association of multiple abnormalities in neuropsychological constructs, as well as correspondent brain abnormalities, with broad-based metabolic dysfunction, suggesting, therefore, that the existence of a "metabolic-mood syndrome" is possible. Nonetheless, empirical evidence is necessary to support and develop this concept. Future research should focus on dimensional constructs and employ integrative, multidisciplinary and multimodal approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Chen S, Huang X, Yu T, Li X, Cao Y, Li X, Xu F, Yang F, Jesse FF, Xu M, Li W, He L, He G. Association study of TPH2 polymorphisms and bipolar disorder in the Han Chinese population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:97-100. [PMID: 25152196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a serious and common mental disorder with high heritability. The serotonergic system is known to be implicated in the etiology of the disorder. Tryptophan hydroxylase isoform-2 (TPH2), which controls the synthesis of serotonin in the brain, has been suggested as a candidate gene for BDP. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the polymorphisms in TPH2 and BPD. METHODS We conducted a case-control study by genotyping six SNPs (rs10784941, rs1386494, rs2171363, rs4760816, rs1386486, and rs1872824) in 506 bipolar patients and 507 controls of Chinese Han origin. RESULTS rs10784941 was not in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and therefore excluded from further analysis. rs1386486 and rs1872824 showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls in genotype frequencies (rs1386486: p=0.043351; rs1872824: p=0.016563), but no association in allele frequencies. Strong LD was found among rs1386494, rs2171363 and rs4760816, but no positive association with BPD was found for haplotypes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that in the Han Chinese population TPH2 may be a potential susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed to validate this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoye Huang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Forrest Fabian Jesse
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Schwartz ER, Allespach HH. Depressive and Bipolar Disorders. Fam Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_33-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
243
|
Depressive and Bipolar Disorders. Fam Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_33-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
244
|
Wang Z, Li Z, Gao K, Fang Y. Association between brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism Val66Met and susceptibility to bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:366. [PMID: 25539739 PMCID: PMC4297385 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-014-0366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of previous conflicting findings, this meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively determine the overall strength of associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genetic polymorphism Val66Met and susceptibility to bipolar disorders (BPD). METHODS Literatures published and cited in Pubmed and Wanfang Data was searched with terms of 'Val66Met', 'G196A', 'rs6265', 'BDNF', 'association', and 'bipolar disorder' up to March 2014. All original case-control association studies were meta-analyzed with a pooled OR to estimate the risk and 95% confidence interval (CI) to reflect the magnitude of variance. RESULTS Twenty-one case-control association studies met our criteria for the meta-analysis. Overall, there was no significant difference in allelic distribution of Val66Met polymorphism between patients and controls with a pooled OR = 1.03 (95% CI 0.98, 1.08) although there was a trend towards association between Val66Met polymorphism and BPD in Caucasians with an OR of 1.08 (95% CI 1.00, 1.16). However, subgroup analyses showed that there was a significant association of Val allele with decreased disease susceptibility for bipolar disorder type II with a pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.78, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS There is no compelling evidence to supportVal66Met polymorphism in BDNF gene playing an important role in the susceptibility to BPD across different ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Wang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Hongkou District Mental Health Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China. .,Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China.
| | - Keming Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Clinic in the Mood Disorders Program, University Hospitals Case Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Vonk R, van der Schot AC, van Baal GCM, van Oel CJ, Nolen WA, Kahn RS. Dermatoglyphics in relation to brain volumes in twins concordant and discordant for bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1885-95. [PMID: 25451699 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Palmar and finger dermatoglyphics are formed between the 10th and the 17th weeks of gestation and their morphology can be influenced by genetic or environmental factors, interfering with normal intrauterine development. As both the skin and the brain develop from the same embryonal ectoderm, dermatoglyphic alterations may be informative for early abnormal neurodevelopmental processes in the brain. We investigated whether dermatoglyphic alterations are related to structural brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder and to what extent they are of a genetic and of an environmental origin. Dermatoglyphics and volumetric data from structural MRI were obtained in 53 twin pairs concordant or discordant for bipolar disorder and 51 healthy matched control twin pairs. Structural equation modeling was used. Bipolar disorder was significantly positively associated with palmar a-b ridge count (ABRC), indicating higher ABRC in bipolar patients (rph=.17 (CI .04-.30)). Common genes appear to be involved because the genetic correlation with ABRC was significant (rph-A=.21 (CI .05-.36). Irrespective of disease, ABRC showed a genetically mediated association with brain volume, indicated by a significant genetic correlation rph-A of respectively -.36 (CI -.52 to -.22) for total brain, -.34 (CI -.51 to -.16) total cortical volume, -.27 (CI -.43 to -.08) cortical gray matter and -.23 (CI -.41 to -.04) cortical white matter. In conclusion, a genetically determined abnormal development of the foetal ectoderm between the 10th and 15th week of gestation appears related to smaller brain volumes in (subjects at risk for) bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Vonk
- Reinier van Arkel Groep, PO Box 70058, 5201 DZ, ׳s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | | | - G C M van Baal
- Julius Centrum voor Gezondheidswetenschappen en Eerstelijns Geneeskunde, Afdeling, Biostatistiek, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C J van Oel
- Department of Real Estate & Housing, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - W A Nolen
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Singh MK, Chang KD, Kelley RG, Saggar M, Reiss A, Gotlib IH. Early signs of anomalous neural functional connectivity in healthy offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:678-89. [PMID: 24938878 PMCID: PMC4213354 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with dysfunctional brain connectivity and with family chaos. It is not known whether aberrant connectivity occurs before illness onset, representing vulnerability for developing BD amidst family chaos. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural network dysfunction in healthy offspring living with parents with BD and healthy comparison youth. METHODS Using two complementary methodologies [data-driven independent component analysis (ICA) and hypothesis-driven region-of-interest (ROI)-based intrinsic connectivity], we examined resting-state fMRI data in 8-17-year-old healthy offspring of a parent with BD (n = 24; high risk) and age-matched healthy youth without any personal or family psychopathology (n = 25; low risk). RESULTS ICA revealed that, relative to low-risk youth, high-risk youth showed increased connectivity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) subregion of the left executive control network (ECN), which includes frontoparietal regions important for emotion regulation. ROI-based analyses revealed that high-risk versus low-risk youth had decreased connectivities between the left amygdala and pregenual cingulate, between the subgenual cingulate and supplementary motor cortex, and between the left VLPFC and left caudate. High-risk youth showed stronger connections in the VLPFC with age and higher functioning, which may be neuroprotective, and weaker connections between the left VLPFC and caudate with more family chaos, suggesting an environmental influence on frontostriatal connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Healthy offspring of parents with BD show atypical patterns of prefrontal and subcortical intrinsic connectivity that may be early markers of resilience to or vulnerability for developing BD. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these patterns predict outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kiki D Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan G Kelley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Manish Saggar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Allan Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Mwangi B, Spiker D, Zunta-Soares GB, Soares JC. Prediction of pediatric bipolar disorder using neuroanatomical signatures of the amygdala. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:713-21. [PMID: 24917530 PMCID: PMC4234406 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pediatric bipolar disorder is currently diagnosed based on signs and symptoms, and without objective diagnostic biomarkers. In the present study, we investigated the utility of structural neuroanatomical signatures of the amygdala to objectively differentiate individual subjects with pediatric bipolar disorder from matched healthy controls. METHODS Structural T1 -weighted neuroimaging scans were obtained from 16 children and adolescents with unmedicated DSM-IV bipolar disorder (11 males, five females) and 16 matched healthy controls (11 males, five females). Voxel-based gray matter morphometric features extracted from a bilateral region-of-interest within the amygdala were used to develop a multivariate pattern analysis model which was utilized in predicting novel or 'unseen' individual subjects as either bipolar disorder or healthy controls. RESULTS The model assigned 25 out of 32 subjects the correct label (bipolar disorder/healthy) translating to a 78.12% diagnostic accuracy, 81.25% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity, 76.47% positive predictive value, and 80.00% negative predictive value and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.81. The predictions were significant at p = 0.0014 (χ(2) test p-value). CONCLUSIONS These results reaffirm previous reports on the existence of neuroanatomical abnormalities in the amygdala of pediatric patients with bipolar disorder. Remarkably, the present study also demonstrates that neuroanatomical signatures of the amygdala can predict individual subjects with bipolar disorder with a relatively high specificity and sensitivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present a proof-of-concept diagnostic marker of pediatric bipolar disorder based on structural neuroimaging scans of largely medication-naïve patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Mwangi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders; UT Houston Medical School; Houston TX USA
| | - Danielle Spiker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders; UT Houston Medical School; Houston TX USA
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders; UT Houston Medical School; Houston TX USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Texas Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders; UT Houston Medical School; Houston TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
|
249
|
Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Rietschel M, Hauser J, Czerski PM, Herms S, Sun X, Wickramaratne P, Elston RC. Commingling analysis of age-of-onset in bipolar I disorder and the morbid risk for major psychoses in first degree relatives of bipolar I probands. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:197-204. [PMID: 25063958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-of-onset (AO) is increasingly used in molecular genetics of bipolar I disorder (BP-I) as a phenotypic specifier with the goal of reducing genetic heterogeneity. However, questions regarding the cut-off age for defining early onset (EO), as well as the number of onset groups characterizing BP-I have emerged over the last decade with no definite conclusion. The aims of this paper are: 1) to see whether a mixture of three distributions better describes the AO of BP-I than a mixture of two distributions in different independent samples; 2) to compare the morbid risk (MR) for BP-I and for major affective disorders and schizophrenia in first degree relatives of BP-I probands by proband onset group derived from commingling analysis, since the MR to relatives is a trait with strong genetic background. METHODS We applied commingling (admixture) analysis to the AO of three BP-I samples from Romania (n=621), Germany (n=882), and Poland (n=354). Subsequently, the morbid risk (MR) for BP-I and for major psychoses (BP-I, BP-II, Mdd-UP, schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia) was estimated in first degree relatives by proband AO-group derived from admixture analysis in the Romanian sample. RESULTS In the three independent samples and in the combined sample two- and three-AO-group distributions fitted the empirical data equally well. The upper EO limit varied between 21 and 25 years from sample to sample. The MR for both BP-I and for all major psychoses was similar in first degree relatives of EO probands (AO≤21) and in relatives of intermediate-onset probands (AO=22-34). Significant MR differences appeared only when comparing the EO group to the late-onset (LO) group (AO>34). Similar to Mdd-UP and schizophrenia, a significant MR decrease in proband first degree relatives was visible after proband AO of 34 years. Under the three-AO-group classification the MR for both BP-I and all major psychoses in first degree relatives did not differ by relative sex in any proband AO-group. Under the two-AO-group classification female relatives of LO probands (AO>24) had a significantly higher MR for all major psychoses than male relatives, while there was no sex difference for the relatives of EO probands. LIMITATIONS MR was not computed in the German and Polish samples because family data were not available and 34% of the relatives of the Romanian probands were not available for direct interview. CONCLUSION Similar to other clinical traits, the MR for major psychoses to relatives failed to support a three-AO-group classification in BP-I suggesting that this is not more useful for the molecular analysis than a two-AO-group classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 10, Sos. Berceni, R-041914 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute for Mental Health, Division Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Stefan Herms
- University Hospital Basel, Research Group Genomics, Medical Genetics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xianqing Sun
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Priya Wickramaratne
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Biostatistics, Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University; Division of Clinical and Genetic Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert C Elston
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Porcelli S, Pae CU, Han C, Lee SJ, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Balzarro B, Alberti S, De Ronchi D, Serretti A. Abelson helper integration site-1 gene variants on major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2014; 11:481-6. [PMID: 25395981 PMCID: PMC4225214 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.4.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore whether 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the AHI1 gene could be associated with major depressive disorder (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and whether they could predict clinical outcomes in mood disorders. METHODS One hundred and eighty-four (184) patients with MD, 170 patients with BD and 170 healthy controls were genotyped for 4 AHI1 SNPs (rs11154801, rs7750586, rs9647635 and rs9321501). Baseline and final clinical measures for MD patients were assessed through the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Allelic and genotypic frequencies in MD and BD subjects were compared with those of each disorder and healthy group using the χ(2) statistics. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test possible influences of SNPs on treatment efficacy. RESULTS The rs9647635 A/A was more represented in subjects with BD as compared with MD and healthy subjects together. The rs9647635 A/A was also more presented in patients with MD than in healthy subjects. With regard to the allelic analysis, rs9647635 A allele was more represented in subjects with BD compared with healthy subjects, while it was not observed between patients with MD and healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Our findings provide potential evidence of an association between some variants of AHI1 and mood disorders susceptibility but not with clinical outcomes. However, we will need to do more adequately-powered and advanced association studies to draw any conclusion due to clear limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Porcelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A. Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Beatrice Balzarro
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Siegfried Alberti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana De Ronchi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|