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Vermeij-Keers C, Rozendaal AM, Luijsterburg AJM, Latief BS, Lekkas C, Kragt L, Ongkosuwito EM. Subphenotyping and Classification of Cleft Lip and Alveolus in Adult Unoperated Patients: A New Embryological Approach. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018; 55:1267-1276. [PMID: 29652537 DOI: 10.1177/1055665618767106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, a new embryological classification was introduced subdividing oral clefts into fusion and/or differentiation defects. This subdivision was used to classify all subphenotypes of cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL±A). Subsequently, it was investigated whether further morphological grading of incomplete CLs is clinically relevant, and which alveolar part is deficient in fusion/differentiation defects. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Three hundred fifty adult unoperated Indonesian cleft patients presented themselves for operation. Cephalograms, dental casts, and intraoral and extraoral photographs-eligible for the present study-were used to determine morphological severity of CL±A. PATIENTS Patients with unilateral or bilateral clefts of the primary palate only were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clefts were classified-according to developmental mechanisms and timing in embryogenesis-as fusion and/or differentiation defects. Grades of incomplete CLs were related to the severity of alveolar clefts (CAs) and hypoplasia, and permanent dentition was used to investigate which alveolar part is deficient in fusion/differentiation defects. RESULTS One hundred eight adult patients were included. All subphenotypes-96 unilateral and 12 bilateral clefts-could be classified into differentiation (79%), fusion (17%), fusion-differentiation (2%), or fusion and differentiation (2%) defects. The various grades of incomplete CLs were related to associated CAs and hypoplasia, and all alveolar deformities were located in the premaxillae. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that all CL±A including the Simonart bands can be classified, that further morphological grading of incomplete CLs is clinically relevant, and that the premaxilla forms the deficient part in alveolar deformities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christl Vermeij-Keers
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Rozendaal
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius J M Luijsterburg
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benny S Latief
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Costas Lekkas
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- 5 Unit of Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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202
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Liu H, Busch T, Eliason S, Anand D, Bullard S, Gowans LJJ, Nidey N, Petrin A, Augustine-Akpan EA, Saadi I, Dunnwald M, Lachke SA, Zhu Y, Adeyemo A, Amendt B, Roscioli T, Cornell R, Murray J, Butali A. Exome sequencing provides additional evidence for the involvement of ARHGAP29 in Mendelian orofacial clefting and extends the phenotypic spectrum to isolated cleft palate. Birth Defects Res 2018; 109:27-37. [PMID: 28029220 PMCID: PMC5388577 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in genomics methodologies, in particular the availability of next-generation sequencing approaches have made it possible to identify risk loci throughout the genome, in particular the exome. In the current study, we present findings from an exome study conducted in five affected individuals of a multiplex family with cleft palate only. METHODS The GEnome MINIng (GEMINI) pipeline was used to functionally annotate the single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions. Filtering methods were applied to identify variants that are clinically relevant and present in affected individuals at minor allele frequencies (≤1%) in the 1000 Genomes Project single nucleotide polymorphism database, Exome Aggregation Consortium, and Exome Variant Server databases. The bioinformatics tool Systems Tool for Craniofacial Expression-Based Gene Discovery was used to prioritize cleft candidates in our list of variants, and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the presence of identified variants in affected and unaffected relatives. RESULTS Our analyses approach narrowed the candidates down to the novel missense variant in ARHGAP29 (GenBank: NM_004815.3, NP_004806.3;c.1654T>C [p.Ser552Pro]. A functional assay in zebrafish embryos showed that the encoded protein lacks the activity possessed by its wild-type counterpart, and migration assays revealed that keratinocytes transfected with wild-type ARHGAP29 migrated faster than counterparts transfected with the p.Ser552Pro ARHGAP29 variant or empty vector (control). CONCLUSION These findings reveal ARHGAP29 to be a regulatory protein essential for proper development of the face, identifies an amino acid that is key for this, and provides a potential new diagnostic tool.Birth Defects Research 109:27-37, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Tamara Busch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Steven Bullard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Lord J J Gowans
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Nichole Nidey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Aline Petrin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | | | - Irfan Saadi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Newcastle GOLD Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Brad Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, U.S.A.,Dows Research Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A.,Dows Research Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A
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203
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Haaland ØA, Lie RT, Romanowska J, Gjerdevik M, Gjessing HK, Jugessur A. A Genome-Wide Search for Gene-Environment Effects in Isolated Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate Triads Points to an Interaction between Maternal Periconceptional Vitamin Use and Variants in ESRRG. Front Genet 2018. [PMID: 29535761 PMCID: PMC5834486 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is widely accepted that cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) results from the complex interplay between multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, a robust investigation of these gene-environment (GxE) interactions at a genome-wide level is still lacking for isolated CL/P. Materials and Methods: We used our R-package Haplin to perform a genome-wide search for GxE effects in isolated CL/P. From a previously published GWAS, genotypes and information on maternal periconceptional cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and vitamin use were available on 1908 isolated CL/P triads of predominantly European or Asian ancestry. A GxE effect is present if the relative risk estimates for gene-effects in the offspring are different across exposure strata. We tested this using the relative risk ratio (RRR). Besides analyzing all ethnicities combined ("pooled analysis"), separate analyses were conducted on Europeans and Asians to investigate ethnicity-specific effects. To control for multiple testing, q-values were calculated from the p-values. Results: We identified significant GxVitamin interactions with three SNPs in "Estrogen-related receptor gamma" (ESRRG) in the pooled analysis. The RRRs (95% confidence intervals) were 0.56 (0.45-0.69) with rs1339221 (q = 0.011), 0.57 (0.46-0.70) with rs11117745 (q = 0.011), and 0.62 (0.50-0.76) with rs2099557 (q = 0.037). The associations were stronger when these SNPs were analyzed as haplotypes composed of two-SNP and three-SNP combinations. The strongest effect was with the "t-t-t" haplotype of the rs1339221-rs11117745-rs2099557 combination [RRR = 0.50 (0.40-0.64)], suggesting that the effects observed with the other SNP combinations, including those in the single-SNP analyses, were mainly driven by this haplotype. Although there were potential GxVitamin effects with rs17734557 and rs1316471 and GxAlcohol effects with rs9653456 and rs921876 in the European sample, respectively, none of the SNPs was located in or near genes with strong links to orofacial clefts. GxAlcohol and GxSmoke effects were not assessed in the Asian sample because of a lack of observations for these exposures. Discussion/Conclusion: We identified significant interactions between vitamin use and variants in ESRRG in the pooled analysis. These GxE effects are novel and warrant further investigations to elucidate their roles in orofacial clefting. If validated, they could provide prospects for exploring the impact of estrogens and vitamins on clefting, with potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein A Haaland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Romanowska
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miriam Gjerdevik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon K Gjessing
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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204
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Li J, Zou J, Li Q, Chen L, Gao Y, Yan H, Zhou B, Li J. Assessment of differentially expressed plasma microRNAs in nonsyndromic cleft palate and nonsyndromic cleft lip with cleft palate. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86266-86279. [PMID: 27863433 PMCID: PMC5349912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as a new class of regulatory molecules that influence many biological functions. However, the expression profile of plasma microRNAs in nonsyndromic cleft palate (NSCP) or nonsyndromic cleft lip with cleft palate (NSCLP) remains poorly investigated. In this study, we used Agilent human miRNA microarray chips to monitor miRNA levels in three NSCP plasma samples (mixed as the CP group), three NSCLP plasma samples (mixed as the CLP group) and three normal plasma samples (mixed as the Control group). Six selected plasma miRNAs were validated in samples from an additional 16 CP, 33 CLP and 8 healthy children using qRT-PCR. Using Venn diagrams, distinct and overlapping dysregulated miRNAs were identified. Their respective target genes were further assessed using gene ontology and pathway analysis. The results show that distinct or overlapping biological processes and signalling pathways were involved in CP and CLP. Our study showed that the common key gene targets reflected functional relationships to the Notch, Wnt, phosphatidylinositol and Hedgehog signalling pathways. Further studies should examine the mechanism of the potential target genes, which may provide new avenues for future clinical prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jijun Zou
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yanli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Hui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Bei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
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205
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Suzuki A, Abdallah N, Gajera M, Jun G, Jia P, Zhao Z, Iwata J. Genes and microRNAs associated with mouse cleft palate: A systematic review and bioinformatics analysis. Mech Dev 2018; 150:21-27. [PMID: 29475039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is the most prevalent craniofacial deformity, with ethnic and geographic variation in prevalence in humans. Mice have been used as an animal model to study the cause(s) of CP by several approaches, including genetic and chemical-induced approaches. Mouse genetic approaches revealed that significant amounts of genes are involved in the CP pathology. The aim of this study was to identify common features of CP-associated genes and to explore the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important post-transcriptional regulators that may be involved in the regulation of CP genes. To generate an accurate list of genes associated with CP, we first conducted systematic literature searches through main databases such as Medline, Embase, and PubMed, as well as other sources such as Scopus and Mouse Genome Informatics. We found that 195 mouse strains with single-gene mutations and 140 mouse strains with compound-gene mutations were reported to have CP. The CP genes were categorized by functions and pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology annotations, highlighting the contribution of cellular metabolism to CP. A total of 18 miRNAs were involved in the regulation of multiple CP genes. Human genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that variants in five human homologous CP genes (IRF6, FOXE1, VAX1, WNT9B, and GAD1) significantly contributed to the human CP phenotype. Thus, our results suggest that cellular metabolism and miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of genetic pathways and networks crucial for palatal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nada Abdallah
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mona Gajera
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Goo Jun
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peilin Jia
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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206
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Janssen R, Moisik SR, Dediu D. Modelling human hard palate shape with Bézier curves. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191557. [PMID: 29447175 PMCID: PMC5813942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People vary at most levels, from the molecular to the cognitive, and the shape of the hard palate (the bony roof of the mouth) is no exception. The patterns of variation in the hard palate are important for the forensic sciences and (palaeo)anthropology, and might also play a role in speech production, both in pathological cases and normal variation. Here we describe a method based on Bézier curves, whose main aim is to generate possible shapes of the hard palate in humans for use in computer simulations of speech production and language evolution. Moreover, our method can also capture existing patterns of variation using few and easy-to-interpret parameters, and fits actual data obtained from MRI traces very well with as little as two or three free parameters. When compared to the widely-used Principal Component Analysis (PCA), our method fits actual data slightly worse for the same number of degrees of freedom. However, it is much better at generating new shapes without requiring a calibration sample, its parameters have clearer interpretations, and their ranges are grounded in geometrical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Janssen
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott R. Moisik
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Dediu
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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207
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Mostowska A, Gaczkowska A, Żukowski K, Ludwig K, Hozyasz K, Wójcicki P, Mangold E, Böhmer A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Knapp M, Zadurska M, Biedziak B, Budner M, Lasota A, Daktera-Micker A, Jagodziński P. Common variants inDLG1locus are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Clin Genet 2018; 93:784-793. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - A. Gaczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - K. Żukowski
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - K.U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - K.K. Hozyasz
- Department of Pediatrics; Institute of Mother and Child; Warsaw Poland
| | - P. Wójcicki
- Plastic Surgery Clinic of Medical University in Wroclaw; Wroclaw Poland
- Department of Plastic Surgery in Specialist Medical Center in Polanica Zdroj; Polanica Zdroj Poland
| | - E. Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - A.C. Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - S. Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - M. Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - M. Zadurska
- Department of Orthodontics; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - B. Biedziak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Division of Facial Malformation; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - M. Budner
- Eastern Poland Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Center; Leczna Poland
| | - A. Lasota
- Department of Jaw Orthopedics; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - A. Daktera-Micker
- Department of Dental Surgery, Division of Facial Malformation; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
| | - P.P. Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Poznan University of Medical Sciences; Poznan Poland
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208
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Liu D, Schwender H, Wang M, Wang H, Wang P, Zhu H, Zhou Z, Li J, Wu T, Beaty TH. Gene-gene interaction between MSX1 and TP63 in Asian case-parent trios with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:317-324. [PMID: 29341488 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small ubiquitin-like modification, also known as sumoylation, is a crucial post-translational regulatory mechanisms involved in development of the lip and palate. Recent studies reported two sumoylation target genes, MSX1 and TP63, to have achieved genome-wide level significance in tests of association with nonsyndromic clefts. Here, we performed a candidate gene analysis considering gene-gene and gene-environment interaction for SUMO1, MSX1, and TP63 to further explore the etiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). METHODS A total of 130 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near SUMO1, MSX1, and TP63 was analyzed among 1,038 Asian NSCL/P trios ascertained through an international consortium. Conditional logistic regression models were used to explore gene-gene (G × G) and gene-environment (G × E) interaction involving maternal environmental tobacco smoke and multivitamin supplementation. Bonferroni correction was used for G × E analysis and permutation tests were used for G × G analysis. RESULTS While transmission disequilibrium tests and gene-environment interaction analysis showed no significant results, we did find signals of gene-gene interaction between SNPs near MSX1 and TP63. Three pairwise interactions yielded significant p values in permutation tests (rs884690 and rs9290890 with p = 9.34 × 10-5 and empirical p = 1.00 × 10-4 , rs1022136 and rs4687098 with p = 2.41 × 10-4 and empirical p = 2.95 × 10-4 , rs6819546 and rs9681004 with p = 5.15 × 10-4 and empirical p = 3.02 × 10-4 ). CONCLUSION Gene-gene interaction between MSX1 and TP63 may influence the risk of NSCL/P in Asian populations. Our study provided additional understanding of the genetic etiology of NSCL/P and underlined the importance of considering gene-gene interaction in the etiology of this common craniofacial malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Statistics and Information, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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209
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Farrokhi Karibozorg H, Masoudian N, Saliminejad K, Ebadifar A, Kamali K, Khorram Khorshid HR. Association of the WNT3 Variations and the Risk of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Population of Iranian Infants. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:168-172. [PMID: 30090211 PMCID: PMC6064000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is the most common orofacial birth defect, often attributed to ethnic and environmental differences. Up to now, linkage analyses and genome-wide association studies have identified several genomic susceptibility regions for NSCL/P. The WNT genes including WNT3 are strong candidates for NSCL/P, since they are involved in regulating mid-face development and upper lip fusion. This study tested association of the WNT3 polymorphisms, rs-3809857 G/T and rs9890413 G/A, with the risk of NSCL/P in a population of Iranian infants. METHODS The allelic and genotypic frequencies for each participant were determined in 113 unrelated Iranian subjects with NSCL/P and 220 control subjects using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The WNT3 rs3809857 GT genotype was significantly lower (p=0.039, OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.30-0.97) in the NSCL/P (21.2%) than the control group (30.42%). For the WNT3 rs9890413 G/A polymorphism, neither genotype nor allele frequencies were significantly different between the case and control groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the WNT3 rs3809857 GT genotype may have a protective effect against NSCL/P in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahid Masoudian
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ebadifar
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid, M.D., Ph.D., Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel/Fax: +98 21 22180138, E-mail:
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210
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Samadi S, Ebadifar A, Khorram Khorshid HR, Kamali K, Badiee M. Interaction Effect of RsaI and BamHI Polymorphisms of TGFα, BMP2 and BMP4 on the Occurrence of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Iranian Patients. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:248-252. [PMID: 30555658 PMCID: PMC6252027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial cleft is the most common congenital defect of the maxillofacial region. Its non-syndromic type is multi-factorial, and several genes are involved in its occurrence. This study aimed to assess the interaction effect of Rsal and BamHI polymorphisms of Transforming Growth Factor-alpha (TGFα) gene and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP4 variants on the occurrence of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate (NSCLP) in the Iranian population. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 120 children with NSCLP and 215 healthy children. Genotyping of the TGFA/BamHI (rs11466297), TGFA/RsaI (rs37322-48), BMP4 (rs17563) and BMP2 (rs235768) was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Logistic regression was applied to determine the effective factors and the interaction effect of different variants on the occurrence of NSCLP. RESULTS Gender of patients had no significant association with the occurrence of NSCLP (p=0.335). Multiple logistic regression showed that the interaction effect of the aforementioned polymorphisms on the occurrence of NSCLP was not statistically significant (p=1.000). CONCLUSION Although the individual effect of each of the BMP4, BMP2, RsaI and BamHI variants on the occurrence of NSCLP in the Iranian population has been previously confirmed, their interaction does not play a role in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asghar Ebadifar
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Asghar Ebadifar, Ph.D., Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 9122173808, E-mail:
| | | | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Badiee
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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211
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Lansdon LA, Darbro BW, Petrin AL, Hulstrand AM, Standley JM, Brouillette RB, Long A, Mansilla MA, Cornell RA, Murray JC, Houston DW, Manak JR. Identification of Isthmin 1 as a Novel Clefting and Craniofacial Patterning Gene in Humans. Genetics 2018; 208:283-296. [PMID: 29162626 PMCID: PMC5753863 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts are one of the most common birth defects, affecting 1-2 per 1000 births, and have a complex etiology. High-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization has increased the ability to detect copy number variants (CNVs) that can be causative for complex diseases such as cleft lip and/or palate. Utilizing this technique on 97 nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate cases and 43 cases with cleft palate only, we identified a heterozygous deletion of Isthmin 1 in one affected case, as well as a deletion in a second case that removes putative 3' regulatory information. Isthmin 1 is a strong candidate for clefting, as it is expressed in orofacial structures derived from the first branchial arch and is also in the same "synexpression group" as fibroblast growth factor 8 and sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1a and 2, all of which have been associated with clefting. CNVs affecting Isthmin 1 are exceedingly rare in control populations, and Isthmin 1 scores as a likely haploinsufficiency locus. Confirming its role in craniofacial development, knockdown or clustered randomly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-generated mutation of isthmin 1 in Xenopus laevis resulted in mild to severe craniofacial dysmorphologies, with several individuals presenting with median clefts. Moreover, knockdown of isthmin 1 produced decreased expression of LIM homeobox 8, itself a gene associated with clefting, in regions of the face that pattern the maxilla. Our study demonstrates a successful pipeline from CNV identification of a candidate gene to functional validation in a vertebrate model system, and reveals Isthmin 1 as both a new human clefting locus as well as a key craniofacial patterning gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lansdon
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Pediatrics
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
| | - Aline L Petrin
- Department of Pediatrics
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert A Cornell
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242 and
| | | | - J Robert Manak
- Department of Pediatrics,
- Department of Biology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
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212
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Abstract
Objective: Infants with syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) often require more complex care than their nonsyndromic counterparts. Our purpose was to (1) determine the prevalence of CL/P in patients with CHARGE syndrome and (2) highlight factors that affect management in this subset of children. Design: This is a retrospective review from 1998 to 2016. Patients: Patients with CHARGE syndrome were diagnosed clinically and genetically. Main Outcomes Measures: Prevalence of CL/P was determined and clinical details tabulated: phenotypic anomalies, cleft types, operative treatment, and results of repair. Results: CHARGE syndrome was confirmed in 44 patients: 11 (25%) had cleft lip and palate and 1 had cleft palate only. Surgical treatment followed our usual protocols. Two patients with cardiac anomalies had prolonged recovery following surgical correction, necessitating palatal closure prior to nasolabial repair. One of these patients was too old for dentofacial orthopedics and underwent combined premaxillary setback and palatoplasty, prior to labial closure. Velopharyngeal insufficiency was frequent (n = 3/7). All patients had feeding difficulty and required a gastrostomy tube. All patients had neurosensory hearing loss; anomalies of the semicircular canals were frequent (n = 3/4). External auricular anomalies, colobomas, and cardiovascular anomalies were also common (n = 8/11). Other associated anomalies were choanal atresia (n = 4/11) and tracheoesophageal fistula (n = 2/11). Conclusions: CHARGE syndrome is an under-recognized genetic cause of cleft lip and palate. Hearing loss and speech and feeding difficulties often occur in these infants. Diagnosis can be delayed if the child presents with covert phenotypic features, such as chorioretinal colobomas, semicircular canal hypoplasia, and unilateral choanal atresia.
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213
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Volpe-Aquino RM, Monlleó IL, Lustosa-Mendes E, Mora AF, Fett-Conte AC, Félix TM, Xavier AC, Tonocchi R, Ribeiro EM, Pereira R, Boy da Silva RT, de Rezende AA, Cavalcanti DP, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL. CranFlow
: An Application for Record-Taking and Management Through the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta M. Volpe-Aquino
- Department of Medical Genetics; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Isabella L. Monlleó
- Clinical Genetics Service; School of Medicine, University Hospital, Federal University of Alagoas - Ufal; Maceió AL Brazil
| | - Elaine Lustosa-Mendes
- Department of Medical Genetics; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp; Campinas SP Brazil
- Assistance Center for Cleft Lip and Palate - CAIF-AFISSUR; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Mora
- Department of Medical Genetics; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Agnes C. Fett-Conte
- Department of Molecular Biology; Medical School of São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP/FUNFARME; São José do Rio Preto SP Brazil
| | - Têmis M. Félix
- Medical Genetics Service; Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre - HCPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Ana C. Xavier
- Center for Research and Rehabilitation of Lip and Palate Lesions - CRRLPL; Centrinho Prefeito Luiz Gomes; Joinville SC Brazil
| | - Rita Tonocchi
- Assistance Center for Cleft Lip and Palate - CAIF-AFISSUR; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Erlane M. Ribeiro
- Medical Genetics Service; Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin - HIAS; Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Rui Pereira
- Institute of Integral Medicine, Prof. Fernando Figueira - IMIP; Recife PE Brazil
| | | | - Adriana A. de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN); Natal RN Brazil
| | - Denise P. Cavalcanti
- Perinatal Genetics Program; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Vera L. Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Department of Medical Genetics; School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp; Campinas SP Brazil
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214
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Roosenboom J, Indencleef K, Hens G, Peeters H, Christensen K, Marazita ML, Claes P, Leslie EJ, Weinberg SM. Testing the face shape hypothesis in twins discordant for nonsyndromic orofacial clefting. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2886-2892. [PMID: 28884971 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs) are complex traits characterized by multifactorial inheritance and wide phenotypic variability. Numerous studies have shown subtle differences in the faces of unaffected relatives from cleft families compared to controls, the implication being that such outward differences are an incomplete expression reflecting an underlying genetic predisposition. Twins discordant for OFCs provide a unique opportunity to further test this idea, as the unaffected co-twin shares on average 50% (for dizygotic twins) and 100% (for monozygotic twins) of the genetic risk factors as the affected twin. We used 3D surface imaging and spatially-dense morphometry to compare facial shape in a sample of 44 unaffected co-twins and age- and sex-matched unaffected controls (n = 241). Unaffected co-twins showed statistically significant differences in the midface, lateral upper face, and forehead regions, compared to controls. Furthermore, co-twins were characterized by a distinct pattern of midfacial retrusion, broader upper faces, and greater protrusion of the mandible and brow ridges. This same general facial pattern was shown in both unaffected monozygotic and dizygotic co-twin subsets. These results provide additional support that altered facial shape is a phenotypic marker for OFC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Roosenboom
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karlijne Indencleef
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Imaging Research Center, MIRC, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Hens
- Multidisciplinary Cleft Lip and Palate Team Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Imaging Research Center, MIRC, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Leslie
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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215
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Paul BJ, Palmer K, Sharp JC, Pratt CH, Murray SA, Dunnwald M. ARHGAP29 Mutation Is Associated with Abnormal Oral Epithelial Adhesions. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1298-1305. [PMID: 28817352 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517726079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) is a prevalent birth defect of complex etiology. Previous studies identified mutations in ARHGAP29 associated with an increased risk for NSCL/P. To investigate the effects of ARHGAP29 in vivo, we generated a novel murine allele by inserting a point mutation identified in a patient with NSCL/P. This single-nucleotide variation of ARHGAP29 translates to an early nonsense mutation (K326X), presumably resulting in loss-of-function (LoF). Embryos from Arhgap29K326X/+ intercrosses were harvested at various time points. No homozygous Arhgap29K326X animals were found in the 45 analyzed litters, assessed as early as embryonic day 8.5 (e8.5). Coronal sectioning of e13.5 and e14.5 heads revealed that 59% of Arhgap29K326X/+ mice ( n = 37) exhibited improper epithelial contact between developing oral structures, while none were observed in wild types ( n = 10). In addition, Arhgap29K326X/+ embryos exhibited a significantly higher percentage of maxillary epithelium in contact with mandibular epithelium. Immunofluorescent analyses of the periderm and oral adhesions revealed the presence of Arhgap29 in periderm cells. These cells were p63 negative, keratin 17 positive, and keratin 6 positive and present at sites of adhesion, although occasionally disorganized. Oral adhesions did not appear to impair palatogenesis, as all analyzed Arhgap29K326X/+ embryos showed confluent palatal mesenchyme and epithelium at e18.5 ( n = 16), and no mice were found with a cleft at birth. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ARHGAP29 is required for embryonic survival and that heterozygosity for LoF variants of Arhgap29 increases the incidence and length of oral adhesions at a critical time point during orofacial development. In conclusion, we validate the LoF nature of the human K326X mutation in vivo and reveal a previously unknown effect of Arhgap29 in murine craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Paul
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K Palmer
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - J C Sharp
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - C H Pratt
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - S A Murray
- 2 The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - M Dunnwald
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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216
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Jia S, Zhou J, Wee Y, Mikkola ML, Schneider P, D'Souza RN. Anti-EDAR Agonist Antibody Therapy Resolves Palate Defects in Pax9 -/- Mice. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1282-1289. [PMID: 28813171 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517726073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, surgical interventions are the only means by which craniofacial anomalies can be corrected so that function, esthetics, and the sense of well-being are restored in affected individuals. Unfortunately, for patients with cleft palate-one of the most common of congenital birth defects-treatment following surgery is prolonged over a lifetime and often involves multidisciplinary regimens. Hence, there is a need to understand the molecular pathways that control palatogenesis and to translate such information for the development of noninvasive therapies that can either prevent or correct cleft palates in humans. Here, we use the well-characterized model of the Pax9-/- mouse, which displays a consistent phenotype of a secondary cleft palate, to test a novel therapeutic. Specifically, we demonstrate that the controlled intravenous delivery of a novel mouse monoclonal antibody replacement therapy, which acts as an agonist for the ectodysplasin (Eda) pathway, can resolve cleft palate defects in Pax9-/- embryos in utero. Such pharmacological interventions did not reverse the arrest in tooth, thymus, and parathyroid gland development, suggesting that the relationship of Pax9 to the Eda/Edar pathway is both unique and essential for palatogenesis. Expression analyses and unbiased gene expression profiling studies offer a molecular explanation for the resolution of palatal defects, showing that Eda and Edar-related genes are expressed in normal palatal tissues and that the Eda/Edar signaling pathway is downstream of Pax9 in palatogenesis. Taken together, our data uncover a unique relationship between Pax9 and the Eda/Edar signaling pathway that can be further exploited for the development of noninvasive, safe, and effective therapies for the treatment of cleft palate conditions and other single-gene disorders affecting the craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jia
- 1 School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J Zhou
- 1 School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Y Wee
- 1 School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M L Mikkola
- 2 Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Schneider
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - R N D'Souza
- 1 School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,4 Departments of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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217
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Asllanaj B, Kragt L, Voshol I, Koudstaal M, Kuijpers MA, Xi T, Bergé SJ, Vermeij-Keers C, Ongkosuwito EM. Dentition Patterns in Different Unilateral Cleft Lip Subphenotypes. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1482-1489. [PMID: 28767297 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517723326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral clefts play an essential role in disturbed odontogenesis of the deciduous and permanent dentition, yet little is known about this relationship. We investigated, within the categories cleft lip with or without alveolus (CL ± A) and cleft lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP), whether different CL subphenotypes based on morphological severity of the cleft show different dentition patterns and whether a more detailed subdivision of the incomplete CL has clinical relevance. In this retrospective study, 345 children with nonsyndromic unilateral CL ± A and CLAP from the Dutch Association for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies (NVSCA) registry were included to assess the association between the CL subphenotypes and lateral incisor patterns. Five different deciduous and permanent patterns of the lateral incisor were distinguished: located in normal position (pattern z/Z), in the anterior segment (pattern x/X) or in the posterior segment of the cleft (pattern y/Y), one in each segment of the cleft (pattern xy/XY), and agenesis of the lateral incisor (pattern ab/AB). Analyses were performed by using multinomial logistic regression models. Children born with a vermillion notch or a one-third to two-thirds CL were most likely to have a deciduous pattern x and a permanent pattern X, while children born with a two-thirds to subtotal CL were most likely to have deciduous pattern xy and a permanent pattern X compared to children with a complete CL that predominantly had deciduous pattern y and a permanent pattern AB. Based on the relationship of the CL morphology with the deciduous dentition, subdivision of the CL morphology into vermillion notch to two-thirds CL, two-thirds to subtotal CL, and complete CL appears to be an optimal subdivision. Our results indicate that a more detailed subdivision of the CL has clinical relevance and that critical factors in the pathogenesis of the CL are also critical for the odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Asllanaj
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Kragt
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Voshol
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Koudstaal
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M A Kuijpers
- 2 Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - T Xi
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S J Bergé
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Vermeij-Keers
- 4 Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; NVSCA-Registry Leader
| | - E M Ongkosuwito
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Special Dental Care, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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218
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Carlson JC, Taub MA, Feingold E, Beaty TH, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Leslie EJ. Identifying Genetic Sources of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Orofacial Clefts by Targeted Sequencing. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1030-1038. [PMID: 28762674 PMCID: PMC5549861 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts (OFCs), including nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), are common birth defects. NSCL/P is highly heterogeneous with multiple phenotypic presentations. Two common subtypes of NSCL/P are cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) which have different population prevalence. Similarly, NSCL/P can be divided into bilateral and unilateral clefts, with unilateral being the most common. Individuals with unilateral NSCL/P are more likely to be affected on the left side of the upper lip, but right side affection also occurs. Moreover, NSCL/P is twice as common in males as in females. The goal of this study is to discover genetic variants that have different effects in case subgroups. METHODS We conducted both common variant and rare variant analyses in 1034 individuals of Asian ancestry with NSCL/P, examining four sources of heterogeneity within CL/P: cleft type, sex, laterality, and side. RESULTS We identified several regions associated with subtype differentiation: cleft type differences in 8q24 (p = 1.00 × 10-4 ), laterality differences in IRF6, a gene previously implicated with wound healing (p = 2.166 × 10-4 ), sex differences and side of unilateral CL differences in FGFR2 (p = 3.00 × 10-4 ; p = 6.00 × 10-4 ), and sex differences in VAX1 (p < 1.00 × 10-4 ) among others. CONCLUSION Many of the regions associated with phenotypic modification were either adjacent to or overlapping functional elements based on ENCODE chromatin marks and published craniofacial enhancers. We have identified multiple common and rare variants as potential phenotypic modifiers of NSCL/P, and suggest plausible elements responsible for phenotypic heterogeneity, further elucidating the complex genetic architecture of OFCs. Birth Defects Research 109:1030-1038, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Margaret A. Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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219
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Moreno Uribe LM, Fomina T, Munger RG, Romitti PA, Jenkins MM, Gjessing HK, Gjerdevik M, Christensen K, Wilcox AJ, Murray JC, Lie RT, Wehby GL. A Population-Based Study of Effects of Genetic Loci on Orofacial Clefts. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1322-1329. [PMID: 28662356 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517716914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior genome-wide association studies for oral clefts have focused on clinic-based samples with unclear generalizability. Prior samples were also small for investigating effects by cleft type and exclusively studied isolated clefts (those occurring without other birth defects). We estimated the effects of 17 top loci on cleft types in both isolated and nonisolated cases in the largest consortium to date of European-descent population-based studies. Our analytic approach focused on a mother-child dyad case-control design, but it also allowed analyzing mother-only or child-only genotypes to maximize power. Our total sample included 1,875 cases with isolated clefts, 459 cases with nonisolated clefts, and 3,749 controls. After correcting for multiple testing, we observed significant associations between fetal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at IRF6, PAX7, 8q21.3, 8q24, KIAA1598-VAX1, and MAFB and isolated cleft lip only (CLO) and cleft lip and palate (CLP). Significant associations were observed between isolated CLO and fetal SNPs near TPM1 and NOG1 and between CLP and fetal SNPs at ABCA4-ARHGAP29, THADA, FOXE1, and SPRY2. Overall, effects were similar for isolated CLO and CLP, except for ABCA4-ARHGAP29. A protective effect was observed for the fetal NOG1 SNP on cleft palate only, opposite in direction to the effect on CLO. For most fetal SNPs, a dose-response allelic effect was observed. No evidence of parent-of-origin or maternal genome effects was observed. Overall, effect direction and magnitude were similar between isolated and nonisolated clefts, suggesting that several loci are modifiers of cleft risk in both isolated and nonisolated forms. Our results provide reliable estimates of the effects of top loci on risks of oral clefts in a population of European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Moreno Uribe
- 1 Department of Orthodontics and Dows Institute, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T Fomina
- 2 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R G Munger
- 3 Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - P A Romitti
- 4 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M M Jenkins
- 5 National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H K Gjessing
- 2 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,6 Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - M Gjerdevik
- 2 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,6 Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - K Christensen
- 7 Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A J Wilcox
- 8 Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J C Murray
- 9 Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - R T Lie
- 2 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,6 Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen and Oslo, Norway
| | - G L Wehby
- 10 Departments of Health Management and Policy, Economics, and Preventive and Community Dentistry, and Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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220
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Wang M, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Liu D, Wang Z, Sun F, Wang P, Zhu H, Li J, Wu T, Beaty TH. Prevalence of Orofacial Clefts among Live Births in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Birth Defects Res 2017. [PMID: 28635078 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common human birth defects in China. However, studies on the prevalence of OFCs present inconsistent results. The overall prevalence and geographic distribution of OFCs are poorly described in China. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of OFCs. METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the basis of an established protocol (PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015030198). We systematically searched for articles in four electronic databases, including Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify relevant studies about prevalence of OFCs in China. Meta-analysis, including subgroup analysis, was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence. RESULTS A total of 41 studies published between 1986 and 2015 were included in our analysis. The sample size ranged from 2,586 to 4,611,808 live births. The random-effects model of meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of OFCs in China was 1.4 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.7). In subgroup analysis based on geographic regions, we found that OFC prevalence in Southwest (2.3 per 1000 live births, 95% CI, 1.1-4.7) was higher than that in other regions of China. There were no significant time trends of OFCs during the study period (p-value = 0.47). CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of OFCs in China was 1.4 per 1000 live births. No significant secular trend of prevalence has been found in this analysis. Further studies need to be conducted to explore the etiology of OFC to better control the risk of this common birth defect. Birth Defects Research 109:1011-1019, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dongjing Liu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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221
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Orofacial clefts (OFC) are the most prevalent craniofacial birth defect. Folic acid (FA) supplementation has been demonstrated as an effective intervention to reduce risk of OFC occurrence. However, the effect of mandatory FA fortification of wheat and/or maize flour on OFC prevalence has shown controversial results among countries adopting this policy. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to synthesize the available evidence evaluating the global impact of this mandatory policy on OFC occurrence. DESIGN Literature search in conventional and grey medical/scientific databases showed fifteen studies considering OFC prevalence in pre- and post-fortification periods with FA. The effect of this policy was evaluated by computing relative risk (RR) and separating samples into total OFC, non-syndromic forms, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). RESULTS We found a significant effect of FA fortification only on non-syndromic CL/P (RR=0·88; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·96), whereas neutral effects were detected for total OFC (syndromic plus non-syndromic) and CPO. CONCLUSIONS Our results may reflect the different aetiology of syndromic OFC with respect to non-syndromic forms and the CL/P related to CPO. Although the number of non-syndromic CL/P samples was lower than that for total OFC, the absence of both between-study heterogeneity and publication bias leads us to conclude that FA fortification may have beneficial effects on non-syndromic CL/P.
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222
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Lewis CW, Jacob LS, Lehmann CU, Krol D, Gereige R, Karp J, Fisher-Owens S, Braun P, Jacob L, Segura A. The Primary Care Pediatrician and the Care of Children With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2017-0628. [PMID: 28557774 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts, specifically cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P), are among the most common congenital anomalies. CL/P vary in their location and severity and comprise 3 overarching groups: cleft lip (CL), cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP), and cleft palate alone (CP). CL/P may be associated with one of many syndromes that could further complicate a child's needs. Care of patients with CL/P spans prenatal diagnosis into adulthood. The appropriate timing and order of specific cleft-related care are important factors for optimizing outcomes; however, care should be individualized to meet the specific needs of each patient and family. Children with CL/P should receive their specialty cleft-related care from a multidisciplinary cleft or craniofacial team with sufficient patient and surgical volume to promote successful outcomes. The primary care pediatrician at the child's medical home has an essential role in making a timely diagnosis and referral; providing ongoing health care maintenance, anticipatory guidance, and acute care; and functioning as an advocate for the patient and a liaison between the family and the craniofacial/cleft team. This document provides background on CL/P and multidisciplinary team care, information about typical timing and order of cleft-related care, and recommendations for cleft/craniofacial teams and primary care pediatricians in the care of children with CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte W. Lewis
- Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lisa S. Jacob
- Georgetown Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Georgetown, Texas; and
| | - Christoph U. Lehmann
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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223
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Leslie EJ, Carlson JC, Shaffer JR, Buxó CJ, Castilla EE, Christensen K, Deleyiannis FWB, Field LL, Hecht JT, Moreno L, Orioli IM, Padilla C, Vieira AR, Wehby GL, Feingold E, Weinberg SM, Murray JC, Marazita ML. Association studies of low-frequency coding variants in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:1531-1538. [PMID: 28425186 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a group of common human birth defects with complex etiology. Although genome-wide association studies have successfully identified a number of risk loci, these loci only account for about 20% of the heritability of orofacial clefts. The "missing" heritability may be found in rare variants, copy number variants, or interactions. In this study, we investigated the role of low-frequency variants genotyped in 1995 cases and 1626 controls on the Illumina HumanCore + Exome chip. We performed two statistical tests, Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT) and Combined Multivariate and Collapsing (CMC) method using two minor allele frequency cutoffs (1% and 5%). We found that a burden of low-frequency coding variants in N4BP2, CDSN, PRTG, and AHRR were associated with increased risk of NSCL/P. Low-frequency variants in other genes were associated with decreased risk of NSCL/P. These results demonstrate that low-frequency variants contribute to the genetic etiology of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Leslie
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John R Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eduardo E Castilla
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frederic W B Deleyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Leigh L Field
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School and School of Dentistry UT Health at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Lina Moreno
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ieda M Orioli
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine; and Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, The Philippines.,Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System, Manila, The Philippines
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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224
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Yu K, Deng M, Naluai-Cecchini T, Glass IA, Cox TC. Differences in Oral Structure and Tissue Interactions during Mouse vs. Human Palatogenesis: Implications for the Translation of Findings from Mice. Front Physiol 2017; 8:154. [PMID: 28360863 PMCID: PMC5350148 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clefting of the secondary palate is one of the most common human birth defects and results from failure of the palatal shelves to fuse during embryonic development. Palatogenesis is traditionally considered to be a highly conserved developmental process among mammalian species. However, cleft palate phenotypes in humans are considerably more variable than those seen in mice, the most common animal model for studying palatal development and pathogenesis of cleft palate. In this investigation, we utilized macroscopic observations, histology and 3D imaging techniques to directly compare palate morphology and the oral-nasal cavity during palate closure in mouse embryos and human conceptuses. We showed that mouse and human palates display distinct morphologies attributable to the structural differences of the oral-nasal cavity. We further showed that the palatal shelves interact differently with the primary palate and nasal septum in the hard palate region and with pharyngeal walls in the soft palate region during palate closure in mice and humans. Knowledge of these morphological differences is important for improved translation of findings in mouse models of human cleft lip/palate and, as such, should ultimately enhance our understanding of human palatal morphogenesis and the pathogenesis of cleft lip/palate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattle, WA, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa Naluai-Cecchini
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Birth Defects Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research InstituteSeattle, WA, USA; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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225
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Leslie EJ, Carlson JC, Shaffer JR, Butali A, Buxó CJ, Castilla EE, Christensen K, Deleyiannis FWB, Leigh Field L, Hecht JT, Moreno L, Orioli IM, Padilla C, Vieira AR, Wehby GL, Feingold E, Weinberg SM, Murray JC, Beaty TH, Marazita ML. Genome-wide meta-analyses of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts identify novel associations between FOXE1 and all orofacial clefts, and TP63 and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Hum Genet 2017; 136:275-286. [PMID: 28054174 PMCID: PMC5317097 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs) are a heterogeneous group of common craniofacial birth defects with complex etiologies that include genetic and environmental risk factors. OFCs are commonly categorized as cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate alone (CP), which have historically been analyzed as distinct entities. Genes for both CL/P and CP have been identified via multiple genome-wide linkage and association studies (GWAS); however, altogether, known variants account for a minority of the estimated heritability in risk to these craniofacial birth defects. We performed genome-wide meta-analyses of CL/P, CP, and all OFCs across two large, multiethnic studies. We then performed population-specific meta-analyses in sub-samples of Asian and European ancestry. In addition to observing associations with known variants, we identified a novel genome-wide significant association between SNPs located in an intronic TP63 enhancer and CL/P (p = 1.16 × 10-8). Several novel loci with compelling candidate genes approached genome-wide significance on 4q21.1 (SHROOM3), 12q13.13 (KRT18), and 8p21 (NRG1). In the analysis of all OFCs combined, SNPs near FOXE1 reached genome-wide significance (p = 1.33 × 10-9). Our results support the highly heterogeneous nature of OFCs and illustrate the utility of meta-analysis for discovering new genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Eduardo E Castilla
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, 1431, Argentina
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fred W B Deleyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - L Leigh Field
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School and School of Dentistry UT Health at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lina Moreno
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ieda M Orioli
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine; and Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, 1101, The Philippines
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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226
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Yu Y, Zuo X, He M, Gao J, Fu Y, Qin C, Meng L, Wang W, Song Y, Cheng Y, Zhou F, Chen G, Zheng X, Wang X, Liang B, Zhu Z, Fu X, Sheng Y, Hao J, Liu Z, Yan H, Mangold E, Ruczinski I, Liu J, Marazita ML, Ludwig KU, Beaty TH, Zhang X, Sun L, Bian Z. Genome-wide analyses of non-syndromic cleft lip with palate identify 14 novel loci and genetic heterogeneity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14364. [PMID: 28232668 PMCID: PMC5333091 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with palate (NSCLP) is the most serious sub-phenotype of non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC), which are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Here we conduct a GWAS of NSCLP with multiple independent replications, totalling 7,404 NSOFC cases and 16,059 controls from several ethnicities, to identify new NSCLP risk loci, and explore the genetic heterogeneity between sub-phenotypes of NSOFC. We identify 41 SNPs within 26 loci that achieve genome-wide significance, 14 of which are novel (RAD54B, TMEM19, KRT18, WNT9B, GSC/DICER1, PTCH1, RPS26, OFCC1/TFAP2A, TAF1B, FGF10, MSX1, LINC00640, FGFR1 and SPRY1). These 26 loci collectively account for 10.94% of the heritability for NSCLP in Chinese population. We find evidence of genetic heterogeneity between the sub-phenotypes of NSOFC and among different populations. This study substantially increases the number of genetic susceptibility loci for NSCLP and provides important insights into the genetic aetiology of this common craniofacial malformation. Non-syndromic cleft lip with palate is a common birth defect of unknown aetiology. Here, the authors discover 14 new genes associated with this condition, and show genetic heterogeneity in this and other non-syndromic orofacial clefting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Miao He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yuchuan Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chuanqi Qin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Liuyan Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xinhuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xiazhou Fu
- Department of Genetics and Centre for Developmental Biology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiebing Hao
- The Second Charity Hospital of Henan Province, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Zhongyin Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473013, China
| | - Hansong Yan
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei 441011, China
| | - Elisabeth Mangold
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,Department of Dermatology at No. 2 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.,Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology at No. 1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,State Key Lab Incubation of Dermatology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Lab of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Heifei, China.,Key Lab of Gene Resources Utilization for Severe Inherited Disorders, Anhui 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe skin Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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227
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Zhou Y, Gilboa SM, Herdt ML, Lupo PJ, Flanders WD, Liu Y, Shin M, Canfield MA, Kirby RS. Maternal exposure to ozone and PM 2.5 and the prevalence of orofacial clefts in four U.S. states. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 153:35-40. [PMID: 27888746 PMCID: PMC5612445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is some evidence that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with orofacial clefts in offspring, the epidemiologic studies have been largely equivocal. We evaluated whether maternal exposure to elevated county-level ambient fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5µm (PM2.5) and ozone during early gestation was associated with a higher prevalence of orofacial clefts. METHODS Birth data consisting of 4.7 million births from 2001 to 2007 were obtained from National Birth Defects Prevention Network for four states - Arizona, Florida, New York (excluding New York City), and Texas. The air pollution exposure assessment for gestational weeks 5-10 was based on county-level average concentrations of PM2.5 and ozone data generated using a Bayesian fusion model available through CDC's Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Two outcomes were analyzed separately: cleft lip with or without cleft palate, cleft palate alone. In logistic regression analyses, we adjusted for factors that were suspected confounders or modifiers of the association between the prevalence of orofacial clefts and air pollution, i.e., infant sex, race-ethnicity, maternal education, smoking status during pregnancy, whether this was mother's first baby, maternal age. RESULTS Each 10µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with cleft palate alone (OR =1.43, 95% CI: 1.11-1.86). There was no significant association between PM2.5 concentration and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. No associations were observed between ozone exposure and the two outcomes of orofacial clefts. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PM2.5 significantly increased the risk of cleft palate alone, but did not change the incidence of cleft lip with or without palate. Ozone levels did not correlate with incidence of orofacial clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Environmental Health Tracking Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Suzanne M Gilboa
- Birth Defects Branch, Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michele L Herdt
- New York State Department of Health, Center for Environmental Health, Albany, NY, USA; State University of New York at Albany, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikyong Shin
- Environmental Health Tracking Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark A Canfield
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Russell S Kirby
- Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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228
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Blanco R, Colombo A, Pardo R, Suazo J. Haplotype-based gene-gene interaction of bone morphogenetic protein 4 and interferon regulatory factor 6 in the etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Chilean population. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:102-109. [PMID: 28133786 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect in humans, the etiology of which can be dependent on the interactions of multiple genes. We previously reported haplotype associations for polymorphic variants of interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), msh homeobox 1 (MSX1), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3) in Chile. Here, we analyzed the haplotype-based gene-gene interaction for markers of these genes and NSCL/P risk in the Chilean population. We genotyped 15 single nucleoptide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 152 Chilean patients and 164 controls. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were determined using the Haploview software, and phase reconstruction was performed by the Phase program. Haplotype-based interactions were evaluated using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. We detected two LD blocks composed of two SNPs from BMP4 (Block 1) and three SNPs from IRF6 (Block 2). Although MDR showed no statistical significance for the global interaction model involving these blocks, we found four combinations conferring a statistically significantly increased NSCL/P risk (Block 1-Block 2): T-T/T-G C-G-T/G-A-T; T-T/T-G C-G-C/C-G-C; T-T/T-G G-A-T/G-A-T; and T-T/C-G G-A-T/G-A-T. These findings may reflect the presence of a genomic region containing potential causal variants interacting in the etiology of NSCL/P and may contribute to disentangling the complex etiology of this birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Blanco
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Colombo
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosa Pardo
- Sección de Genética, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Neonatología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Genética, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Suazo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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229
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Muggenthaler MMA, Chowdhury B, Hasan SN, Cross HE, Mark B, Harlalka GV, Patton MA, Ishida M, Behr ER, Sharma S, Zahka K, Faqeih E, Blakley B, Jackson M, Lees M, Dolinsky V, Cross L, Stanier P, Salter C, Baple EL, Alkuraya FS, Crosby AH, Triggs-Raine B, Chioza BA. Mutations in HYAL2, Encoding Hyaluronidase 2, Cause a Syndrome of Orofacial Clefting and Cor Triatriatum Sinister in Humans and Mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006470. [PMID: 28081210 PMCID: PMC5230738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefting is amongst the most common of birth defects, with both genetic and environmental components. Although numerous studies have been undertaken to investigate the complexities of the genetic etiology of this heterogeneous condition, this factor remains incompletely understood. Here, we describe mutations in the HYAL2 gene as a cause of syndromic orofacial clefting. HYAL2, encoding hyaluronidase 2, degrades extracellular hyaluronan, a critical component of the developing heart and palatal shelf matrix. Transfection assays demonstrated that the gene mutations destabilize the molecule, dramatically reducing HYAL2 protein levels. Consistent with the clinical presentation in affected individuals, investigations of Hyal2-/- mice revealed craniofacial abnormalities, including submucosal cleft palate. In addition, cor triatriatum sinister and hearing loss, identified in a proportion of Hyal2-/- mice, were also found as incompletely penetrant features in affected humans. Taken together our findings identify a new genetic cause of orofacial clefting in humans and mice, and define the first molecular cause of human cor triatriatum sinister, illustrating the fundamental importance of HYAL2 and hyaluronan turnover for normal human and mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biswajit Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S. Naimul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold E. Cross
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Brian Mark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gaurav V. Harlalka
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Patton
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Genetics Research Centre, St George’s University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elijah R. Behr
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Cardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Zahka
- Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children’s Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Blakley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mike Jackson
- Department of Small Animal and Materials Imaging Facility, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Melissa Lees
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vernon Dolinsky
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leroy Cross
- Windows of Hope Genetic Information Centre, Holmes County, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Salter
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Baple
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew H. Crosby
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AHC); (BTR)
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Pediatrics & Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail: (AHC); (BTR)
| | - Barry A. Chioza
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
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230
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Xiao Y, Taub MA, Ruczinski I, Begum F, Hetmanski JB, Schwender H, Leslie EJ, Koboldt DC, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Beaty TH. Evidence for SNP-SNP interaction identified through targeted sequencing of cleft case-parent trios. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 41:244-250. [PMID: 28019042 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common craniofacial birth defect in humans, affecting 1 in 700 live births. This malformation has a complex etiology where multiple genes and several environmental factors influence risk. At least a dozen different genes have been confirmed to be associated with risk of NSCL/P in previous studies. However, all the known genetic risk factors cannot fully explain the observed heritability of NSCL/P, and several authors have suggested gene-gene (G × G) interaction may be important in the etiology of this complex and heterogeneous malformation. We tested for G × G interactions using common single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers from targeted sequencing in 13 regions identified by previous studies spanning 6.3 Mb of the genome in a study of 1,498 NSCL/P case-parent trios. We used the R-package trio to assess interactions between polymorphic markers in different genes, using a 1 degree of freedom (1df) test for screening, and a 4 degree of freedom (4df) test to assess statistical significance of epistatic interactions. To adjust for multiple comparisons, we performed permutation tests. The most significant interaction was observed between rs6029315 in MAFB and rs6681355 in IRF6 (4df P = 3.8 × 10-8 ) in case-parent trios of European ancestry, which remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. However, no significant interaction was detected in trios of Asian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ferdouse Begum
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline B Hetmanski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elizabeth J Leslie
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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231
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Beaty TH, Marazita ML, Leslie EJ. Genetic factors influencing risk to orofacial clefts: today's challenges and tomorrow's opportunities. F1000Res 2016; 5:2800. [PMID: 27990279 PMCID: PMC5133690 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9503.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts include cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip and palate (CLP), which combined represent the largest group of craniofacial malformations in humans with an overall prevalence of one per 1,000 live births. Each of these birth defects shows strong familial aggregation, suggesting a major genetic component to their etiology. Genetic studies of orofacial clefts extend back centuries, but it has proven difficult to define any single etiologic mechanism because many genes appear to influence risk. Both linkage and association studies have identified several genes influencing risk, but these differ across families and across populations. Genome-wide association studies have identified almost two dozen different genes achieving genome-wide significance, and there are broad classes of 'causal genes' for orofacial clefts: a few genes strongly associated with risk and possibly directly responsible for Mendelian syndromes which include orofacial clefts as a key phenotypic feature of the syndrome, and multiple genes with modest individual effects on risk but capable of disrupting normal craniofacial development under the right circumstances (which may include exposure to environmental risk factors). Genomic sequencing studies are now underway which will no doubt reveal additional genes/regions where variants (sequence and structural) can play a role in controlling risk to orofacial clefts. The real challenge to medicine and public health is twofold: to identify specific genes and other etiologic factors in families with affected members and then to devise effective interventions for these different biological mechanisms controlling risk to complex and heterogeneous birth defects such as orofacial clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Oral Biology and Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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232
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Tooth agenesis and orofacial clefting: genetic brothers in arms? Hum Genet 2016; 135:1299-1327. [PMID: 27699475 PMCID: PMC5065589 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tooth agenesis and orofacial clefts represent the most common developmental anomalies and their co-occurrence is often reported in patients as well in animal models. The aim of the present systematic review is to thoroughly investigate the current literature (PubMed, EMBASE) to identify the genes and genomic loci contributing to syndromic or non-syndromic co-occurrence of tooth agenesis and orofacial clefts, to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying their dual involvement in the development of teeth and facial primordia. Altogether, 84 articles including phenotype and genotype description provided 9 genomic loci and 26 gene candidates underlying the co-occurrence of the two congenital defects: MSX1, PAX9, IRF6, TP63, KMT2D, KDM6A, SATB2, TBX22, TGFα, TGFβ3, TGFβR1, TGFβR2, FGF8, FGFR1, KISS1R, WNT3, WNT5A, CDH1, CHD7, AXIN2, TWIST1, BCOR, OFD1, PTCH1, PITX2, and PVRL1. The molecular pathways, cellular functions, tissue-specific expression and disease association were investigated using publicly accessible databases (EntrezGene, UniProt, OMIM). The Gene Ontology terms of the biological processes mediated by the candidate genes were used to cluster them using the GOTermMapper (Lewis-Sigler Institute, Princeton University), speculating on six super-clusters: (a) anatomical development, (b) cell division, growth and motility, (c) cell metabolism and catabolism, (d) cell transport, (e) cell structure organization and (f) organ/system-specific processes. This review aims to increase the knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of tooth agenesis and orofacial clefts, to pave the way for improving targeted (prenatal) molecular diagnosis and finally to reflect on therapeutic or ultimately preventive strategies for these disabling conditions in the future.
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233
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Yoon AJ, Pham BN, Dipple KM. Genetic Screening in Patients with Craniofacial Malformations. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 5:220-224. [PMID: 27895974 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial malformations include a variety of anomalies, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate, craniosynostosis, microtia, and hemifacial microsomia. All of these anomalies can be either isolated or part of a defined genetic syndrome. A clinical geneticist or genetic counselor should be a member of the craniofacial team to help determine which patients have isolated anomalies and which are likely to have a syndrome. They would then arrange for the appropriate genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis of the specific syndrome. The identification of the specific syndrome is important for the overall care of the patient (as it identifies risk for other medical problems such as congenital heart defect) that will have to be taken into account in the care of the craniofacial malformation. In addition, knowing the specific syndrome will allow the family to understand how this happened to their child and the recurrence risk for future pregnancies. With the advent of new technologies, there are now many types of genetic testing available (including, karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarrays, and next generation sequencing) and the medical geneticist and genetic counselor can determine which specific testing is needed for a given patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Yoon
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Binh N Pham
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katrina M Dipple
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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234
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Lammer EJ, Mohammed N, Iovannisci DM, Ma C, Lidral AC, Shaw GM. Genetic variation of FOXE1 and risk for orofacial clefts in a California population. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2770-2776. [PMID: 27604706 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether orofacial clefts are associated with polymorphic variation within and around FOXE1. This California population-based case control study focused on white Hispanic and white nonHispanic infants among which there were 262 infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), 103 with cleft palate only (CPO), and 382 unaffected controls. These cases and controls were genotyped for 13 SNPs across 220 Kb at the FOXE1 Locus. We observed associations with multiple FOXE1 SNPs for CL/P and for CPO, especially for the Hispanic study population. Increased risks were associated with the more common allele for all SNPs tested. Our results implicate FOXE1 as an important locus whose polymorphic variation increases risks for all types of isolated clefts, and opens a new biological pathway to investigate in efforts to understand genetic factors underlying human clefting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Lammer
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California
| | - Nebil Mohammed
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California
| | | | - Chen Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Andrew C Lidral
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universit of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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235
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Mcbride W, Mcintyre G, Carroll K, Mossey P. Subphenotyping and Classification of Orofacial Clefts: Need for Orofacial Cleft Subphenotyping Calls for Revised Classification. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2016; 53:539-49. [DOI: 10.1597/15-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefting (OFC) describes a range of phenotypes that represent the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans, with an overall birth prevalence of 1:700 live births. Because of the lifelong negative implications on health and well-being associated with OFC and the numbers of people affected, quality research into its etiology, diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and preventative strategies is essential. A range of different methods is used for recording and classifying OFC subphenotypes, one of which is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system. However, there is a general perception that research is being hampered by a lack of sensitivity and specificity in grouping those with OFC into subphenotypes, with potential heterogeneity and confounding in epidemiologic, genetic, and genotype-phenotype correlation studies. This article provides a background to the necessity of OFC research, discusses current controversies within cleft subphenotyping, and provides a brief overview of current OFC classifications as well as their limitations. The LAHSHAL classification is described in the context of a potentially useful tool for OFC that could complement the ICD-10/ICD-11 Beta coding systems to become a simply understood, universally accepted, clinically friendly, and research-sensitive instrument. Empowering registries, clinicians, and researchers to use a common classification system would have significant implications for OFC research across the world at a time when accurate subphenotyping is crucial and health care research is becoming increasingly tailored toward the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.A. Mcbride
- Queen's University Dental School, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - G.T. Mcintyre
- Consultant of Orthodontics, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, Dundee, Scotland
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Cela P, Hampl M, Fu KK, Kunova Bosakova M, Krejci P, Richman JM, Buchtova M. MORN5 Expression during Craniofacial Development and Its Interaction with the BMP and TGFβ Pathways. Front Physiol 2016; 7:378. [PMID: 27630576 PMCID: PMC5005375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MORN5 (MORN repeat containing 5) is encoded by a locus positioned on chromosome 17 in the chicken genome. The MORN motif is found in multiple copies in several proteins including junctophilins or phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase family and the MORN proteins themselves are found across the animal and plant kingdoms. MORN5 protein has a characteristic punctate pattern in the cytoplasm in immunofluorescence imaging. Previously, MORN5 was found among differentially expressed genes in a microarray profiling experiment of the chicken embryo head. Here, we provided in situ hybridization to analyse, in detail, the MORN5 expression in chick craniofacial structures. The expression of MORN5 was first observed at stage HH17-18 (E2.5). MORN5 expression gradually appeared on either side of the primitive oral cavity, within the maxillary region. At stage HH20 (E3), prominent expression was localized in the mandibular prominences lateral to the midline. From stage HH20 up to HH29 (E6), there was strong expression in restricted regions of the maxillary and mandibular prominences. The frontonasal mass (in the midline of the face) expressed MORN5, starting at HH27 (E5). The expression was concentrated in the corners or globular processes, which will ultimately fuse with the cranial edges of the maxillary prominences. MORN5 expression was maintained in the fusion zone up to stage HH29. In sections MORN5 expression was localized preferentially in the mesenchyme. Previously, we examined signals that regulate MORN5 expression in the face based on a previous microarray study. Here, we validated the array results with in situ hybridization and QPCR. MORN5 was downregulated 24 h after Noggin and/or RA treatment. We also determined that BMP pathway genes are downstream of MORN5 following siRNA knockdown. Based on these results, we conclude that MORN5 is both regulated by and required for BMP signaling. The restricted expression of MORN5 in the lip fusion zone shown here supports the human genetic data in which MORN5 variants were associated with increased risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cela
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Hampl
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine K Fu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrno, Czech Republic
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicBrno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk UniversityBrno, Czech Republic
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237
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Drew
- Hofstra School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, USA; Stony Brook University Medical Center, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Private Practice, The New York Center for Orthognathic and Maxillofacial Surgery, 474 Montauk Highway, West Islip, NY 11795, USA.
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238
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Shaffer JR, Orlova E, Lee MK, Leslie EJ, Raffensperger ZD, Heike CL, Cunningham ML, Hecht JT, Kau CH, Nidey NL, Moreno LM, Wehby GL, Murray JC, Laurie CA, Laurie CC, Cole J, Ferrara T, Santorico S, Klein O, Mio W, Feingold E, Hallgrimsson B, Spritz RA, Marazita ML, Weinberg SM. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Influencing Normal Human Facial Morphology. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006149. [PMID: 27560520 PMCID: PMC4999139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans, yet little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of many common facial features. We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of 20 quantitative facial measurements derived from the 3D surface images of 3118 healthy individuals of European ancestry belonging to two US cohorts. Analyses were performed on just under one million genotyped SNPs (Illumina OmniExpress+Exome v1.2 array) imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel (Phase 3). We observed genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 x 10−8) for cranial base width at 14q21.1 and 20q12, intercanthal width at 1p13.3 and Xq13.2, nasal width at 20p11.22, nasal ala length at 14q11.2, and upper facial depth at 11q22.1. Several genes in the associated regions are known to play roles in craniofacial development or in syndromes affecting the face: MAFB, PAX9, MIPOL1, ALX3, HDAC8, and PAX1. We also tested genotype-phenotype associations reported in two previous genome-wide studies and found evidence of replication for nasal ala length and SNPs in CACNA2D3 and PRDM16. These results provide further evidence that common variants in regions harboring genes of known craniofacial function contribute to normal variation in human facial features. Improved understanding of the genes associated with facial morphology in healthy individuals can provide insights into the pathways and mechanisms controlling normal and abnormal facial morphogenesis. There is a great deal of evidence that genes influence facial appearance. This is perhaps most apparent when we look at our own families, since we are more likely to share facial features in common with our close relatives than with unrelated individuals. Nevertheless, little is known about how variation in specific regions of the genome relates to the kinds of distinguishing facial characteristics that give us our unique identities, e.g., the size and shape of our nose or how far apart our eyes are spaced. In this paper, we investigate this question by examining the association between genetic variants across the whole genome and a set of measurements designed to capture key aspects of facial form. We found evidence of genetic associations involving measures of eye, nose, and facial breadth. In several cases, implicated regions contained genes known to play roles in embryonic face formation or in syndromes in which the face is affected. Our ability to connect specific genetic variants to ubiquitous facial traits can inform our understanding of normal and abnormal craniofacial development, provide potential predictive models of evolutionary changes in human facial features, and improve our ability to create forensic facial reconstructions from DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. Raffensperger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carrie L. Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Craniofacial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Craniofacial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas McGovern Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chung How Kau
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nichole L. Nidey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Moreno
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Dows Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cecelia A. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cathy C. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joanne Cole
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tracey Ferrara
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Santorico
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Washington Mio
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard A. Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Saket M, Saliminejad K, Kamali K, Moghadam FA, Anvar NE, Khorram Khorshid HR. BMP2 and BMP4 variations and risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:134-137. [PMID: 27591802 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies and arises from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) and BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) polymorphisms with non-syndromic CL/P to clarify the potential role of these genes in the etiology of CL/P in Iranian population. DESIGN The allelic and genotypic frequencies of BMP2 rs235768 A>T and BMP4 rs17563 T>C polymorphisms were determined in 107 unrelated Iranian subjects with non-syndromic CL/P and 186 control subjects using PCR and RFLP methods, and the results were compared with healthy controls. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The BMP2 rs235768 AT genotype was significantly higher (P=0.009, OR=3, 95% CI=1.3-7.0) in the CL/P (59.8%) than the control group (33.3%). Similarly, the BMP4 rs17563 TC genotype were significantly higher (P=0.008, OR=3.7, 95% CI=1.4-9.9) in the CL/P (70.0%) than the control group (44.6%). CONCLUSION The BMP2 rs235768 A>T and BMP4 rs17563 T>C polymorphisms could be considered as the risk factor for non-syndromic CL/P in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Saket
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Kioomars Saliminejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nazanin Esmaeili Anvar
- Genetic Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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240
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Weinberg SM, Leslie EJ, Hecht JT, Wehby GL, Deleyiannis FWB, Moreno LM, Christensen K, Marazita ML. Hypertelorism and Orofacial Clefting Revisited: An Anthropometric Investigation. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2016; 54:631-638. [PMID: 27505181 DOI: 10.1597/15-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the 1960s, multiple studies have reported a tendency toward hypertelorism in individuals with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs). However, the association between specific cleft types and increased interorbital distance has been inconsistent. Using three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging, we tested whether different forms of clefting showed evidence of increased interorbital distance. METHODS Intercanthal and outercanthal distances and intercanthal indices were calculated from 3D facial surface images of 287 individuals with repaired OFCs. Raw measurements were converted to sex and age-normalized Z-scores. Mean Z-scores for individuals with cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP) were compared with reference normative values (controls) and one another directly using t tests and analysis of variance. RESULTS The CLP group showed a significant increase in intercanthal width (P = .001) and intercanthal index (P < .001) compared with reference norms. The CP group showed a significant decrease (P < .001) in outercanthal width. The CL group showed no difference from reference norms. The proportion of clinically hyperteloric individuals was generally low but highest in the CLP group (7.4%). Cleft severity had little effect on interorbital spacing. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CLP exhibited on average a tendency toward mild hypertelorism, driven primarily by an increase in intercanthal distance. This tendency was not seen in CL or CP.
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241
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Pengelly RJ, Arias L, Martínez J, Upstill-Goddard R, Seaby EG, Gibson J, Ennis S, Collins A, Briceño I. Deleterious coding variants in multi-case families with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate phenotypes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30457. [PMID: 27456059 PMCID: PMC4960602 DOI: 10.1038/srep30457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate (NSCLP) is regarded as a multifactorial condition in which clefting is an isolated phenotype, distinguished from the largely monogenic, syndromic forms which include clefts among a spectrum of phenotypes. Nonsyndromic clefting has been shown to arise through complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. However, there is increasing evidence that the broad NSCLP classification may include a proportion of cases showing familial patterns of inheritance and contain highly penetrant deleterious variation in specific genes. Through exome sequencing of multi-case families ascertained in Bogota, Colombia, we identify 28 non-synonymous single nucleotide variants that are considered damaging by at least one predictive score. We discuss the functional impact of candidate variants identified. In one family we find a coding variant in the MSX1 gene which is predicted damaging by multiple scores. This variant is in exon 2, a highly conserved region of the gene. Previous sequencing has suggested that mutations in MSX1 may account for ~2% of NSCLP. Our analysis further supports evidence that a proportion of NSCLP cases arise through monogenic coding mutations, though further work is required to unravel the complex interplay of genetics and environment involved in facial clefting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben J. Pengelly
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Liliana Arias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Julio Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Eleanor G. Seaby
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane Gibson
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Collins
- Genetic Epidemiology and Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ignacio Briceño
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
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242
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Aylward A, Cai Y, Lee A, Blue E, Rabinowitz D, Haddad J. Using Whole Exome Sequencing to Identify Candidate Genes With Rare Variants In Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate. Genet Epidemiol 2016; 40:432-41. [PMID: 27229527 PMCID: PMC4985012 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) is polygenic with variable penetrance, presenting a challenge in identifying all causal genetic variants. Despite relatively high prevalence of NSCLP among Amerindian populations, no large whole exome sequencing (WES) studies have been completed in this population. Our goal was to identify candidate genes with rare genetic variants for NSCLP in a Honduran population using WES. WES was performed on two to four members of 27 multiplex Honduran families. Genetic variants with a minor allele frequency > 1% in reference databases were removed. Heterozygous variants consistent with dominant disease with incomplete penetrance were ascertained, and variants with predicted functional consequence were prioritized for analysis. Pedigree-specific P-values were calculated as the probability of all affected members in the pedigree being carriers, given that at least one is a carrier. Preliminary results identified 3,727 heterozygous rare variants; 1,282 were predicted to be functionally consequential. Twenty-three genes had variants of interest in ≥3 families, where some genes had different variants in each family, giving a total of 50 variants. Variant validation via Sanger sequencing of the families and unrelated unaffected controls excluded variants that were sequencing errors or common variants not in databases, leaving four genes with candidate variants in ≥3 families. Of these, candidate variants in two genes consistently segregate with NSCLP as a dominant variant with incomplete penetrance: ACSS2 and PHYH. Rare variants found at the same gene in all affected individuals in several families are likely to be directly related to NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Aylward
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Otolaryngology Department, New York, NY
| | - Yi Cai
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Otolaryngology Department, New York, NY
| | - Andrew Lee
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Otolaryngology Department, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Blue
- University of Washington Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Joseph Haddad
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Otolaryngology Department, New York, NY
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243
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Huang Y, Pan Y, Jia Z, Ma L, Ma L, Lan F, Zhou Y, Shi J, Yang X, Zhang L, Jiang H, Jiang M, Yin A, Cheng J, Wang L, Yang Y, Shi B. Association study between Van der Woude Syndrome causative gene GRHL3 and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in a Chinese cohort. Gene 2016; 588:69-73. [PMID: 27129939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common birth defects worldwide and is characterized by abnormalities of the orofacial structure. Syndromic CL/P is mainly caused by Mendelian disorders such as Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS). However, >70% of CL/P cases are nonsyndromic, characterized by isolated orofacial cleft without any known syndrome. The etiology of nonsyndromic CL/P (NSCL/P) remains elusive, but it has been suggested that causative genes of syndromic CL/P might also contribute to NSCL/P. As such, the VWS causative gene IRF6 has been extensively studied in NSCL/P. Recently, GRHL3 was identified as another VWS causative gene. Thus, it may be a novel candidate gene for NSCL/P. In the present study, we genotyped 10 tag SNPs covering GRHL3 and performed association analysis with NSCL/P in 504 cases and 455 healthy controls. Our preliminary results identified rs10903078, rs4638975, and a haplotype rs10903078-rs6659209 of GRHL3 that exceeded the significance threshold (p<0.05), though none survived Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. As the first study between GRHL3 and NSCL/P, the contribution of this gene to NSCL/P etiology should be interpreted with caution based on existing evidence. Further, the robustness of association between GRHL3 and NSCL/P should be further validated in expanded cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China; CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China; CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yongqing Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhonglin Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feifei Lan
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong, Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China; Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong, Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China; Biobank of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Jiang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Aihua Yin
- Medical Genetic Center, Guangdong, Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China; Maternal and Children Metabolic-Genetic Key Laboratory, Guangdong, Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China; Biobank of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511442, China.
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China; CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing 102206, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yinxue Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Sub-center in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Bing Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Leslie E, Liu H, Carlson J, Shaffer J, Feingold E, Wehby G, Laurie C, Jain D, Laurie C, Doheny K, McHenry T, Resick J, Sanchez C, Jacobs J, Emanuele B, Vieira A, Neiswanger K, Standley J, Czeizel A, Deleyiannis F, Christensen K, Munger R, Lie R, Wilcox A, Romitti P, Field L, Padilla C, Cutiongco-de la Paz E, Lidral A, Valencia-Ramirez L, Lopez-Palacio A, Valencia D, Arcos-Burgos M, Castilla E, Mereb J, Poletta F, Orioli I, Carvalho F, Hecht J, Blanton S, Buxó C, Butali A, Mossey P, Adeyemo W, James O, Braimah R, Aregbesola B, Eshete M, Deribew M, Koruyucu M, Seymen F, Ma L, de Salamanca J, Weinberg S, Moreno L, Cornell R, Murray J, Marazita M. A Genome-wide Association Study of Nonsyndromic Cleft Palate Identifies an Etiologic Missense Variant in GRHL3. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:744-54. [PMID: 27018472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is a common birth defect occurring in 1 in 2,500 live births. Approximately half of infants with CP have a syndromic form, exhibiting other physical and cognitive disabilities. The other half have nonsyndromic CP, and to date, few genes associated with risk for nonsyndromic CP have been characterized. To identify such risk factors, we performed a genome-wide association study of this disorder. We discovered a genome-wide significant association with a missense variant in GRHL3 (p.Thr454Met [c.1361C>T]; rs41268753; p = 4.08 × 10(-9)) and replicated the result in an independent sample of case and control subjects. In both the discovery and replication samples, rs41268753 conferred increased risk for CP (OR = 8.3, 95% CI 4.1-16.8; OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.43-3.27, respectively). In luciferase transactivation assays, p.Thr454Met had about one-third of the activity of wild-type GRHL3, and in zebrafish embryos, perturbed periderm development. We conclude that this mutation is an etiologic variant for nonsyndromic CP and is one of few functional variants identified to date for nonsyndromic orofacial clefting. This finding advances our understanding of the genetic basis of craniofacial development and might ultimately lead to improvements in recurrence risk prediction, treatment, and prognosis.
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Leslie EJ, Carlson JC, Shaffer JR, Feingold E, Wehby G, Laurie CA, Jain D, Laurie CC, Doheny KF, McHenry T, Resick J, Sanchez C, Jacobs J, Emanuele B, Vieira AR, Neiswanger K, Lidral AC, Valencia-Ramirez LC, Lopez-Palacio AM, Valencia DR, Arcos-Burgos M, Czeizel AE, Field LL, Padilla CD, Cutiongco-de la Paz EMC, Deleyiannis F, Christensen K, Munger RG, Lie RT, Wilcox A, Romitti PA, Castilla EE, Mereb JC, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Carvalho FM, Hecht JT, Blanton SH, Buxó CJ, Butali A, Mossey PA, Adeyemo WL, James O, Braimah RO, Aregbesola BS, Eshete MA, Abate F, Koruyucu M, Seymen F, Ma L, de Salamanca JE, Weinberg SM, Moreno L, Murray JC, Marazita ML. A multi-ethnic genome-wide association study identifies novel loci for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on 2p24.2, 17q23 and 19q13. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2862-2872. [PMID: 27033726 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs), which include non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), are among the most common birth defects in humans, affecting approximately 1 in 700 newborns. CL/P is phenotypically heterogeneous and has a complex etiology caused by genetic and environmental factors. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified at least 15 risk loci for CL/P. As these loci do not account for all of the genetic variance of CL/P, we hypothesized the existence of additional risk loci. We conducted a multiethnic GWAS in 6480 participants (823 unrelated cases, 1700 unrelated controls and 1319 case-parent trios) with European, Asian, African and Central and South American ancestry. Our GWAS revealed novel associations on 2p24 near FAM49A, a gene of unknown function (P = 4.22 × 10-8), and 19q13 near RHPN2, a gene involved in organizing the actin cytoskeleton (P = 4.17 × 10-8). Other regions reaching genome-wide significance were 1p36 (PAX7), 1p22 (ARHGAP29), 1q32 (IRF6), 8q24 and 17p13 (NTN1), all reported in previous GWASs. Stratification by ancestry group revealed a novel association with a region on 17q23 (P = 2.92 × 10-8) among individuals with European ancestry. This region included several promising candidates including TANC2, an oncogene required for development, and DCAF7, a scaffolding protein required for craniofacial development. In the Central and South American ancestry group, significant associations with loci previously identified in Asian or European ancestry groups reflected their admixed ancestry. In summary, we have identified novel CL/P risk loci and suggest new genes involved in craniofacial development, confirming the highly heterogeneous etiology of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Leslie
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Biostatistics
| | - John R Shaffer
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Biostatistics.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - George Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, Genetic Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, Genetic Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, Genetic Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Toby McHenry
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Judith Resick
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Carla Sanchez
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jennifer Jacobs
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Beth Emanuele
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Katherine Neiswanger
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dora Rivera Valencia
- Population Genetics and Mutacarcinogenesis Group, University of Antioquia, Medellin 050001, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Andrew E Czeizel
- Foundation for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - L Leigh Field
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Carmencita D Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine; and Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health; University of the Philippines Manila, Manilla, The Philippines 1000.,Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System, Manilla, The Philippines 1101
| | - Eva Maria C Cutiongco-de la Paz
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine; and Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health; University of the Philippines Manila, Manilla, The Philippines 1000.,Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines System, Manilla, The Philippines 1101
| | - Frederic Deleyiannis
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Ronald G Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, NO-5020 Norway
| | - Allen Wilcox
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Eduardo E Castilla
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires 1431, Argentina.,Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics)
| | - Juan C Mereb
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at Hospital de Area, El Bolson 8430, Argentina
| | - Fernando A Poletta
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires 1431, Argentina.,Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics)
| | - Iêda M Orioli
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics).,Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Flavia M Carvalho
- Laboratory of Congenital Malformation Epidemiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.,ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at INAGEMP (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics)
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Mailman School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, USA
| | - Carmen J Buxó
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland
| | - Wasiu L Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo James
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos P.M.B. 12003, Nigeria
| | - Ramat O Braimah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife P.M.B. 13, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde S Aregbesola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife P.M.B. 13, Nigeria
| | - Mekonen A Eshete
- Surgical Department, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 26493, Ethiopia
| | - Fikre Abate
- Surgical Department, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, P.O. Box 26493, Ethiopia
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Lian Ma
- Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA .,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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246
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Dhcr7 Regulates Palatal Shelf Fusion through Regulation of Shh and Bmp2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7532714. [PMID: 27066502 PMCID: PMC4811056 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7532714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (Dhcr7) gene and identify signaling pathways involved in regulation of embryonic palatogenesis. The expression of Dhcr7 and its protein product were examined during murine normal embryonic palatogenesis via a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB). RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to inhibit Dhcr7 expression in a palatal shelf culture in vitro. The effects of Dhcr7 on palatogenesis and palatal fusion were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The expression changes of Dhcr7, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Bmp2) were measured by RT-PCR and WB after Dhcr7 gene silencing and the addition of exogenous cholesterol. The results showed that the palatal shelf failed to complete normal development and fusion when Dhcr7 expression was inhibited. The inhibitory effect study of RNAi on the development of the palatal shelf supported that cholesterol supplementation did not alter the silencing of Dhcr7. Shh and Bmp2 expressions were reduced after Dhcr7 gene silencing, and administration of exogenous cholesterol did not affect Dhcr7 expression; however Shh and Bmp2 expressions increased. We conclude that Dhcr7 plays a role in growth of the palatal shelf and can regulate palatogenesis through alterations in the levels of Shh and Bmp2.
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247
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Falagan-Lotsch P, Lopes TS, Küchler EC, Tannure PN, Costa MDC, Amorim LMDFD, Granjeiro JM. The functional EGF+61 polymorphism and nonsyndromic oral clefts susceptibility in a Brazilian population. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:390-6. [PMID: 26398511 PMCID: PMC4560499 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic oral clefts are considered a problem of public health in Brazil, presenting a multifactorial etiology that involves genetic and environmental components, such as maternal alcohol consumption. Several candidate genes have been investigated to identify some association with nonsyndromic clefts risk. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene is implicated in the normal craniofacial development and its functional +61 A>G polymorphism has been related to cancer susceptibility. It has been suggested that cancer and oral clefts may share the same molecular pathways.Objective Our goal was to evaluate the association between the EGF+61 A>G polymorphism and nonsyndromic oral clefts susceptibility.Material and Methods The case-control study included 218 cleft cases and 253 controls from Brazil. The control group was comprised of individuals without congenital malformations, dental anomalies and family history of clefts. The cleft phenotypes and subphenotypes were determined based on clinical examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral mucosa cells obtained by mouthwash. The EGF+61 A>G polymorphism genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results We noticed the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and cleft occurrence. The A allele and AA genotype were over-represented in cleft cases compared with control group when we considered the bilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) cases, cleft cases with tooth agenesis and cleft cases presenting family history of cleft, but the differences were not statistically significant. Contradictorily, the G allele was higher in cleft palate only (CP) cases than in control group, showing a borderline p value. Comparing the different cleft phenotypes, we observed statistical differences between CP and CL±P cases. Our data suggest the EGF+61 A>G polymorphism was not related with nonsyndromic oral clefts susceptibility in a Brazilian population, but supported the different genetic background between CL±P and CP. Moreover, we confirmed the potential effect of maternal alcohol intake on cleft risk in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Falagan-Lotsch
- Cell Therapy Center, University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, BR
| | - Talíria Silva Lopes
- Cell Therapy Center, University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, BR
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Cell Therapy Center, University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, BR
| | - Patrícia Nivoloni Tannure
- Cell Therapy Center, University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, BR
| | - Marcelo de Castro Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
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248
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Burg ML, Chai Y, Yao CA, Magee W, Figueiredo JC. Epidemiology, Etiology, and Treatment of Isolated Cleft Palate. Front Physiol 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 26973535 PMCID: PMC4771933 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated cleft palate (CPO) is the rarest form of oral clefting. The incidence of CPO varies substantially by geography from 1.3 to 25.3 per 10,000 live births, with the highest rates in British Columbia, Canada and the lowest rates in Nigeria, Africa. Stratified by ethnicity/race, the highest rates of CPO are observed in non-Hispanic Whites and the lowest in Africans; nevertheless, rates of CPO are consistently higher in females compared to males. Approximately fifty percent of cases born with cleft palate occur as part of a known genetic syndrome or with another malformation (e.g., congenital heart defects) and the other half occur as solitary defects, referred to often as non-syndromic clefts. The etiology of CPO is multifactorial involving genetic and environmental risk factors. Several animal models have yielded insight into the molecular pathways responsible for proper closure of the palate, including the BMP, TGF-β, and SHH signaling pathways. In terms of environmental exposures, only maternal tobacco smoke has been found to be strongly associated with CPO. Some studies have suggested that maternal glucocorticoid exposure may also be important. Clearly, there is a need for larger epidemiologic studies to further investigate both genetic and environmental risk factors and gene-environment interactions. In terms of treatment, there is a need for long-term comprehensive care including surgical, dental and speech pathology. Overall, five main themes emerge as critical in advancing research: (1) monitoring of the occurrence of CPO (capacity building); (2) detailed phenotyping of the severity (biology); (3) understanding of the genetic and environmental risk factors (primary prevention); (4) access to early detection and multidisciplinary treatment (clinical services); and (5) understanding predictors of recurrence and possible interventions among families with a child with CPO (secondary prevention).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine L Burg
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline A Yao
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Magee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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249
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de Souza LT, Kowalski TW, Ferrari J, Monlléo IL, Ribeiro EM, de Souza J, Fett-Conte AC, de Araujo TK, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Ribeiro-dos-Santos ÂKC, dos Santos SEB, Félix TM. Study ofIRF6and 8q24 region in non-syndromic oral clefts in the Brazilian population. Oral Dis 2016; 22:241-5. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LT de Souza
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - TW Kowalski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J Ferrari
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - IL Monlléo
- Serviço de Genética Clínica; Faculdade de Medicina; Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes; Universidade Federal de Alagoas; Maceió Brazil
| | - EM Ribeiro
- Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin; Fortaleza Brazil
| | - J de Souza
- Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio-palatal; Curitiba Brazil
| | - AC Fett-Conte
- Serviço de Genética; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto; São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - TK de Araujo
- Departamento de Genética Médica; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Universidade de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - VL Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Departamento de Genética Médica; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Universidade de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - ÂKC Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Pará; Belém Brazil
| | - SEB dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal do Pará; Belém Brazil
| | - TM Félix
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica - Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Porto Alegre Brazil
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250
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Arias Urueña L, Briceño Balcazar I, Martinez Lozano J, Collins A, Uricoechea Patiño DA. Clinical Aspects associated with Syndromic forms of Orofacial Clefts in a Colombian population. Colomb Med (Cali) 2015; 46:162-7. [PMID: 26848196 PMCID: PMC4732505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present descriptive epidemiology of Orofacial Clefts and to determine the association of syndromic forms with antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth, and comorbidities among nested-series of cases. METHODS A study of nested-series of cases was conducted. Frequencies of cleft type, associated congenital anomalies, syndromic, non-syndromic and multiple malformation forms, and distribution of Orofacial Clefts according to sex and affected-side were determined. Odds ratios were calculated as measures of association between syndromic forms and antenatal high-risk conditions, preterm birth and comorbidities. A total of three hundred and eleven patients with Orofacial Clefts were assessed in a 12-month period. RESULTS The most frequent type of Orofacial Clefts was cleft lip and palate, this type of cleft was more frequent in males, whereas cleft palate occurred more often in females. The most common cases occurred as non-syndromic forms. Aarskog-Scott syndrome showed the highest frequency amongst syndromic forms. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, developmental dysplasia of the hip, central nervous diseases and respiratory failure showed significant statistical associations (p <0.05) with syndromic forms. CONCLUSIONS These data provide an epidemiological reference of Orofacial Clefts in Colombia. Novel associations between syndromic forms and clinical variables are determined. In order to investigate causality relationships between these variables further studies must be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Briceño Balcazar
- Medical School. Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Andrew Collins
- Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics. University of Southampton. Southampton, UK
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