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Mazzotti F, Di Donna L, Benabdelkamel H, Gabriele B, Napoli A, Sindona G. The assay of pterostilbene in spiked matrices by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution method. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:358-63. [PMID: 20198601 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxystilbene) is an active component found in several plant species, exhibiting important pharmacological properties. A new and reliable method of assaying this phyto compound in various matrices is presented; the assay is based on (1) the selectivity of liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with electrospray ionisation (ESI), (2) the specificity of a two-step mass spectrometric analysis (MS/MS) and (3) the accuracy of the isotope dilution method. The labelled analogue may be conveniently synthesised in a few steps. The sensitivity of the method is confirmed by the very low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) values achieved in the assay of pterostilbene in two distinct fortified matrices, and is further supported by the observed accuracy values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mazzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, cubo 12/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Ingredient Consistency of Commercially Available Polyphenol and Tocopherol Nutraceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2010; 2:50-60. [PMID: 27721342 PMCID: PMC3968348 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Label claims of vitamin E succinate and polyphenolic nutraceuticals are assessed. A validated HPLC method was utilized to assess vitamin E succinate products. Three novel LC/MS methods were used to assess the polyphenols, pterostilbene, phloretin, and myricetin, in dietary supplements. The amount of vitamin E succinate varied from 0-130% of the stated label content with two products containing vitamin E acetate rather than vitamin E succinate. Expected polyphenols were found in 7 of the 8 supplement products. None of the polyphenol supplements contained content within 100-120% of label claims. The present study indicates a lack of uniformity in nutraceutical products.
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Schneider JG, Alosi JA, McDonald DE, McFadden DW. Effects of pterostilbene on melanoma alone and in synergy with inositol hexaphosphate. Am J Surg 2010; 198:679-84. [PMID: 19887199 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterostilbene and inositol-6-phosphate (IP6) have been shown to inhibit melanoma growth in vitro. However, pterostilbene's mechanism of action has not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to further investigate the mechanism of action for pterostilbene and to determine whether combination treatment with IP6 produced synergistic growth inhibition. METHODS Melanoma cells were treated with increasing doses of pterostilbene, IP6, or combinations thereof. Cell viability was measured at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours using a MTT assay. Caspase activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Pterostilbene inhibits melanoma growth in vitro in association with increased effector caspase activity. Combination treatment with inositol hexaphosphate produces synergistic growth inhibition, greater than either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Pterostilbene produces caspase-dependent apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Combination treatment with IP6 produces synergistic growth inhibition. Both compounds have significant potential for a therapeutic role in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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204
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Lin HS, Yue BD, Ho PC. Determination of pterostilbene in rat plasma by a simple HPLC-UV method and its application in pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1308-1315. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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205
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Takemoto JK, Davies NM. A high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis and preliminary pharmacokinetic characterization of 3′-hydroxypterostilbene in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1086-91. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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206
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Quantitative structure–activity relationships for estimating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding affinities of resveratrol derivatives and the antioxidant activities of hydroxystilbenes. Med Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-009-9236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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207
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Alosi JA, McDonald DE, Schneider JS, Privette AR, McFadden DW. Pterostilbene inhibits breast cancer in vitro through mitochondrial depolarization and induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. J Surg Res 2009; 161:195-201. [PMID: 20031172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that diets high in fruits and vegetables reduce cancer risk. Resveratrol, a compound present in grapes, has been shown to inhibit a variety of primary tumors. Pterostilbene, an analogue of resveratrol found in blueberries, has both antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. We hypothesized that pterostilbene would induce apoptosis and inhibit breast cancer cell growth in vitro. METHODS Breast cancer cells were treated with graduated doses of pterostilbene. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated via DNA fragmentation assay and TUNEL assay. Apo-ONE caspase-3/7 assay was used to evaluate caspase activity. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate mitochondrial depolarization, superoxide formation, and cell cycle. Student's t-test and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posttests were utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS Pterostilbene decreased breast cancer cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pterostilbene treatment increased caspase-3/7 activity and apoptosis in both cell lines. Caspase-3/7 inhibitors completely reversed pterostilbene's effects on cell viability. Pterostilbene treatment triggered mitochondrial depolarization, increased superoxide anion, and caused alteration in cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS Pterostilbene treatment inhibits the growth of breast cancer in vitro through caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased superoxide anion may contribute to the activation downstream effector caspases. Caspase inhibition leads to complete reversal of pterostilbene's effect on cell viability. Further in vitro mechanistic studies and in vivo experiments are warranted to determine its potential for the treatment of breast cancer.
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208
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Liu Y, Mulabagal V, Bowen-Forbes CS, Aviayan R, Nair MG. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzyme and human tumor cell proliferation by compounds in herbal water. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:1177-86. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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209
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Schneider JG, Alosi JA, McDonald DE, McFadden DW. Pterostilbene inhibits lung cancer through induction of apoptosis. J Surg Res 2009; 161:18-22. [PMID: 20031166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant found in grapes that inhibits several types of cancer, including lung cancer. Herein, we investigated the effects of pterostilbene, an analog of resveratrol found in blueberries, on lung cancer, in vitro. We hypothesized that pterostilbene would inhibit lung cancer cell growth in vitro by a pro-apoptotic mechanism. METHODS Two lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460 and SK-MES-1) were cultured using standard techniques. Cells were treated with increasing doses of pterostilbene (10-100 microM). Cell viability was measured at 24, 48, and 72h using a MTT assay. Apo-ONE Caspase-3/7 assay was used to evaluate caspase activity. T-test and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Pterostilbene significantly decreased cell viability in lung cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P<0.001). Concentrations greater than 20 microM of pterostilbene produced significant growth inhibition by 72h (P<0.001). Apoptosis and caspase-3/7 activity were significantly increased by pterostilbene treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pterostilbene inhibits growth via apoptosis induction in vitro. Further in vitro mechanistic studies and in vivo experiments are warranted to determine the potential role for pterostilbene in lung cancer treatment or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
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210
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López-Nicolás JM, Rodríguez-Bonilla P, Méndez-Cazorla L, García-Carmona F. Physicochemical study of the complexation of pterostilbene by natural and modified cyclodextrins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5294-5300. [PMID: 19459636 DOI: 10.1021/jf900285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the interaction between pterostilbene and cyclodextrins (CDs) is described for the first time using steady-state fluorescence. It was seen that pterostilbene forms a 1:1 complex with all of the natural (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-CDs) and modified (HP-beta-CD, methyl-beta-CD, and ethyl-beta-CD) CDs tested. Among natural CDs, the interaction of pterostilbene with beta-CD was the most efficient. However, all of the modified CDs showed higher complexation constants (K(F)) than beta-CD. The highest K(F) was found for HP-beta-CD (17520 +/- 981 M(-1)), in which its value showed a strong dependence upon pH in the region where the pterostilbene begins the deprotonation of its hydroxyl group. Moreover, the values of K(F) decreased as the system temperature increased. To obtain information on the mechanism of pterostilbene affinity for CD, the thermodynamic parameters of the complexation (DeltaH degrees , DeltaS degrees , and DeltaG degrees ) were studied. Finally, a comparison of the K(F) values obtained for three types of stilbenes revealed that both the stoichiometry and the K(F) values of the complex are dependent upon the structure of the guest molecule. While the trans-resveratrol-HP-beta-CD and pterostilbene-HP-beta-CD complexes showed a 1:1 stoichiometry with a higher K(F) value for the trans-resveratrol-HP-beta-CD complexes, trans-stilbene showed a 1:2 stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel López-Nicolás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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211
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Paul S, Rimando AM, Lee HJ, Ji Y, Reddy BS, Suh N. Anti-inflammatory action of pterostilbene is mediated through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in colon cancer cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:650-7. [PMID: 19549798 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrosative stress and generation of proinflammatory cytokines are hallmarks of inflammation. Because chronic inflammation is implicated in several pathologic conditions in humans, including cancers of the colon, anti-inflammatory compounds may be useful chemopreventive agents against colon cancer. Stilbenes, such as resveratrol, have diverse pharmacologic activities, which include anti-inflammation, cancer prevention, a cholesterol-lowering effect, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and increased life span. We previously showed that pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene), a structural analogue of resveratrol, is present in blueberries and that pterostilbene inhibited expression of certain inflammation-related genes in the colon and suppressed aberrant crypt foci formation in rats. Here, we examined molecular mechanisms of the action of pterostilbene in colon cancer. Pterostilbene reduced cell proliferation, down-regulated the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, and increased the level of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. A combination of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IFN-gamma, and bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide) induced inflammation-related genes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, which was significantly suppressed by treatment with pterostilbene. We further identified upstream signaling pathways contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of pterostilbene by investigating multiple signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappaB, Janus-activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cytokine induction of the p38-activating transcription factor 2 pathway was markedly inhibited by pterostilbene among the different mediators of signaling evaluated. By silencing the expression of the p38 alpha isoform, there was significant reduction in cytokine induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Our data suggest that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is a key signal transduction pathway for eliciting the anti-inflammatory action of pterostilbene in cultured HT-29 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiby Paul
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Pan MH, Chiou YS, Chen WJ, Wang JM, Badmaev V, Ho CT. Pterostilbene inhibited tumor invasion via suppressing multiple signal transduction pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1234-42. [PMID: 19447859 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene, a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, is known to have diverse pharmacologic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, apoptosis, anti-proliferation and analgesic potential. However, the effects of pterostilbene in preventing invasion of cancer cells have not been studied. Here, we report our finding that pterostilbene significantly suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasion, migration and metastasis of human hepatoma cells (HepG(2) cells). Increase in the enzyme activity, protein and messenger RNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were observed in TPA-treated HepG(2) cells, and these were blocked by pterostilbene. In addition, pterostilbene can inhibit TPA-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor. Transient transfection experiments also showed that pterostilbene strongly inhibited TPA-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1)-dependent transcriptional activity in HepG(2) cells. Moreover, pterostilbene can suppress TPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and protein kinase C that are upstream of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Significant therapeutic effects were further demonstrated in vivo by treating nude mice with pterostilbene (50 and 250 mg/kg intraperitoneally) after inoculation with HepG(2) cells into the tail vein. Presented data reveal that pterostilbene is a novel, effective, anti-metastatic agent that functions by downregulating MMP-9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142 Hai-Chuan Road, Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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213
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Ruiz MJ, Fernández M, Picó Y, Mañes J, Asensi M, Carda C, Asensio G, Estrela JM. Dietary administration of high doses of pterostilbene and quercetin to mice is not toxic. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3180-6. [PMID: 19292443 DOI: 10.1021/jf803579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate possible harmful effects of high doses of t-pterostilbene (t-PTER) and quercetin (QUER) in Swiss mice. Mice were fed during 28 days at doses of 0, 30, 300, and 3000 mg/kg body weight/day of t-PTER, QUER, or a mixture of both, t-PTER + QUER, which are equivalent to 5, 50, and 500 times, respectively, the estimated mean human intake of these polyphenols (25 mg/day). Daily oral administration of QUER, t-PTER, or a mixture of both of them did not cause mortality during the experimental period. There were no differences in food and water consumption on sex. No significant body weight gain in the male or female groups was observed. Red blood cell number and the hematocrit increased after polyphenols administration compared to control groups. Biochemical parameters were not affected. Histopathological examination revealed no alterations in clinical signs or organ weight at any dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Pterostilbene from Vitis coignetiae protect H2O2-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in rat liver cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:404-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Joseph JA, Fisher DR, Cheng V, Rimando AM, Shukitt-Hale B. Cellular and behavioral effects of stilbene resveratrol analogues: implications for reducing the deleterious effects of aging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10544-10551. [PMID: 18954071 DOI: 10.1021/jf802279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that polyphenolic compounds contained in fruits and vegetables that are rich in color may have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present studies determined if stilbene (e.g., resveratrol) compounds would be efficacious in reversing the deleterious effects of aging in 19 month old Fischer 344 rats. Experiment I utilized resveratrol and six resveratrol analogues and examined their efficacies in preventing dopamine-induced decrements in calcium clearance following oxotremorine-induced depolarization in COS-7 cells transfected with M1 muscarinic receptors (MAChR) that we have shown previously to be sensitive to oxidative stressors. Experiment II utilized the most efficacious analogue (pterostilbene) from experiment I and fed aged rats a diet with a low (0.004%) or a high (0.016%) concentration of pterostilbene. Results indicated that pterostilbene was effective in reversing cognitive behavioral deficits, as well as dopamine release, and working memory was correlated with pterostilbene levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Joseph
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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216
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Pan MH, Chang YH, Tsai ML, Lai CS, Ho SY, Badmaev V, Ho CT. Pterostilbene suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced up-expression of iNOS and COX-2 in murine macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7502-7509. [PMID: 18656926 DOI: 10.1021/jf800820y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene, an active constituent of blueberries, is known to possess anti-inflammatory activity and also to induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of pterostilbene on the induction of NO synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in murine RAW 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses demonstrated that pterostilbene significantly blocked the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-induced macrophages. Treatment with pterostilbene resulted in the reduction of LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) subunit and the dependent transcriptional activity of NFkappaB by blocking phosphorylation of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB)alpha and p65 and subsequent degradation of IkappaB alpha. Transient transfection experiments using NFkappaB reporter constructs indicated that pterostilbene inhibits the transcriptional activity of NFkappaB in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. We found that pterostilbene also inhibited LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Taken together, these results show that pterostilbene down regulates inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of NFkappaB by interfering with the activation of PI3K/Akt/IKK and MAPK. These results have an important implication for using pterostilbene toward the development of an effective anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsiung Pan
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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217
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Wilson MA, Rimando AM, Wolkow CA. Methoxylation enhances stilbene bioactivity in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Pharmacol 2008; 8:15. [PMID: 18700960 PMCID: PMC2532997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-8-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stilbenes are 1,2-diphenylethylene congeners produced by plants in response to stress. Many stilbenes also exhibit xenobiotic activities in animal cells, such as inhibition of cancer cell growth, neuroprotection, and immune modulation. In vivo, hydroxylated stilbenes are metabolized by glucuronidation to facilitate excretion. Methoxylated stilbenes are metabolized more slowly, which may have a positive effect on in vivo bioactivity. Here, we have directly compared in vivo bioactivities of methoxylated and hydroxylated stilbenes in a whole organism using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, an advantageous experimental system for such studies due to its rapid lifecycle, genetic amenability and relatively low-cost. Results Toxicity towards C. elegans adults was observed for trimethoxylated and dimethoxylated stilbenes, as well as the monomethoxylated stilbene desoxyrhapontigenin. Toxicity was not observed for the monomethoxylated stilbene, pinostilbene, nor for hydroxylated stilbenes. The methoxylated stilbenes that exhibited toxicity also showed stronger inhibitory effects than the hydroxylated stilbenes on germline tumor growth in gld-1(q485) adults. However, steady-state levels of three inhibitory methoxylated stilbenes did not directly correlate to their relative bioactivities. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that, for the group of stilbenes investigated, methoxylation generally increased bioactivity in vivo in a whole organism, with the exception of pinostilbene. Differences in bioactivity in C. elegans adults did not appear to correlate with differential uptake. Rather, we speculate that methoxylated stilbenes may have increased interactions with biological targets in vivo or may interact with specific targets unaffected by hydroxylated stilbenes. The potent activities of methoxylated stilbenes provide a basis for further investigations to identify in vivo targets for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Wilson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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218
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Pan MH, Ho CT. Chemopreventive effects of natural dietary compounds on cancer development. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 37:2558-74. [DOI: 10.1039/b801558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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