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Chen W, He Y, Zhou Y, Shao Y, Feng Y, Li M, Chen F. Edible Filamentous Fungi from the SpeciesMonascus: Early Traditional Fermentations, Modern Molecular Biology, and Future Genomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yi He
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Youxiang Zhou
- Inst. of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Yanli Feng
- College of Life Sciences; Hubei Normal Univ.; Huangshi Hubei Province 435000 China
| | - Mu Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- National Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
- College of Food Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural Univ.; Wuhan Hubei Province 430070 China
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203
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Liu Y, Wu L, Lv Q. DFT/TDDFT study on the photodissociation mechanism of the original monascus red and orange pigments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 145:181-187. [PMID: 25775942 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The weak photostability has to some extent restricted the wide utilization of monascus pigments in food industries, and their photobleaching mechanism is unclear yet. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level have been performed to optimize the geometries of ground states, single and triplet excited-states of the original monascus red and orange pigments, the possible photodissociation mechanism of which is analyzed according to the calculated data. It is the break of the chromophores, conjugated π bonds which has induced their decoloration. The photodissociation of these pigments involves three steps, excitation of the large conjugated π system, water addition to the singlet or triplet excited-state, and Norrish type I photochemical cleavage reactions of the side chains. The former two steps are much more important steps which have led to the destruction of the chromophores and the fading of the four original monascus red and orange pigments. According to the photobleaching mechanism obtained, one could find some solutions to enhance the photostability of these monascus colorants during the food processing process and extend the shelf life of the foods added with monascus pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Qingzhang Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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204
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Development of an HPLC–UV Detection Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Two Monascus Orange Pigments in Red Yeast Rice. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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205
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Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for maximal recovery of active monacolins and removal of toxic citrinin from red yeast rice by a full factorial design coupled with response surface methodology. Food Chem 2015; 170:186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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206
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Complete genome sequence and transcriptomics analyses reveal pigment biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms in an industrial strain, Monascus purpureus YY-1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8331. [PMID: 25660389 PMCID: PMC4321180 DOI: 10.1038/srep08331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus has been used to produce natural colorants and food supplements for more than one thousand years, and approximately more than one billion people eat Monascus-fermented products during their daily life. In this study, using next-generation sequencing and optical mapping approaches, a 24.1-Mb complete genome of an industrial strain, Monascus purpureus YY-1, was obtained. This genome consists of eight chromosomes and 7,491 genes. Phylogenetic analysis at the genome level provides convincing evidence for the evolutionary position of M. purpureus. We provide the first comprehensive prediction of the biosynthetic pathway for Monascus pigment. Comparative genomic analyses show that the genome of M. purpureus is 13.6–40% smaller than those of closely related filamentous fungi and has undergone significant gene losses, most of which likely occurred during its specialized adaptation to starch-based foods. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that carbon starvation stress, resulting from the use of relatively low-quality carbon sources, contributes to the high yield of pigments by repressing central carbon metabolism and augmenting the acetyl-CoA pool. Our work provides important insights into the evolution of this economically important fungus and lays a foundation for future genetic manipulation and engineering of this strain.
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207
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Abstract
This review provides up-to-date information on the anticancer properties of Monascus-fermented products. Topics covered include clinical evidence for the anticancer potential of Monascus metabolites, bioactive Monascus components with anticancer potential, mechanisms of the anticancer effects of Monascus metabolites, and existing problems as well as future perspectives. With the advancement of related fields, the development of novel anticancer Monascus food products and/or pharmaceuticals will be possible with the ultimate goal of decreasing the incidence and mortality of malignancies in humans.
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208
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Xiong X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Z. Optimal selection of agricultural products to inhibit citrinin production during submerged culture of Monascus anka. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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209
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210
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Xiong X, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Z. Accumulation of yellow Monascus pigments by extractive fermentation in nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1173-80. [PMID: 25417745 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monascus species can produce various secondary metabolites of polyketide structure. In the current study, it is found that an interesting phenomenon, i.e., submerged culture of Monascus species in an aqueous solution majorly accumulated intracellular orange Monascus pigments exhibiting one peak at 470 nm with absorbance of 32 OD while extractive fermentation in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution produced extracellular and intracellular yellow Monascus pigments exhibiting one peak at 410 nm with absorbance 30 OD and 12 OD, respectively. The spectrum profiles of both intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments were affected by surfactant loading, extractive fermentation time, and surfactant adding time. Meanwhile, the instability of orange Monascus pigments in the extracellular nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution was also confirmed experimentally. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is attributed to the export of intracellular yellow Monascus pigments into its broth by extractive fermentation. The transferring of intracellular yellow Monascus pigments into its broth blocks yellow Monascus pigments from further enzymatic conversion or eliminates the feedback inhibition of yellow Monascus pigments based on the biosynthetic pathway of Monascus pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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211
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Effects of glycerol on pigments and monacolin K production by the high-monacolin K-producing but citrinin-free strain, Monascus pilosus MS-1. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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212
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The biosynthetic pathway for a thousand-year-old natural food colorant and citrinin in Penicillium marneffei. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6728. [PMID: 25335861 PMCID: PMC4205486 DOI: 10.1038/srep06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascorubrin and its derivatives are polyketides used as natural colorants for a wide range of food for more than one thousand years. Since the biosynthetic pathway for this ancient chemical compound is unknown and genome sequence unavailable for any Monascus species, monascorubrin production has relied on extraction from fungal cultures of Monascus species. In vitro synthesis and genetic manipulation are not possible. Here we report the polyketide gene cluster and pathway for monascorubrin biosynthesis in Penicillium marneffei, a diffusible red pigment-producing, thermal dimorphic fungus, taking advantage of available genome sequence and faster growth rate than Monascus species. We also documented that the red pigment of P. marneffei is a mixture of more than 16 chemical compounds, which are amino acid conjugates of monascorubrin and rubropunctatin, and showed that this polyketide gene cluster and pathway are also responsible for biosynthesis of ankaflavin and citrinin, a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic activity in mammals. The present study on elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of monascorubrin is a proof-of-the-concept study that serves as a cornerstone for future studies on monascorubrin biosynthesis pathway dissection in Monascus species.
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213
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Saccharina japonica, a potential feedstock for pigment production using submerged fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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214
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Abstract
Fungi are amazing producers of natural products, including secondary metabolites. These compounds are crucial to the health and well-being of people throughout the world. They also provide agriculture and livestock with many essential products. Production of secondary metabolites is improved by mutagenesis and recombinant DNA technologies allowing commercial production of these valuable compounds. This chapter centers on these fungal beneficial products, the discovery of which goes back 85 years to the time that penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
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215
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Efficient gene targeting in ligase IV-deficient Monascus ruber M7 by perturbing the non-homologous end joining pathway. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:846-54. [PMID: 25209642 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway is a well established method to increase gene replacement frequency (GRF) in filamentous fungi because NHEJ is predominant for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), while gene targeting is based on homologous recombination (HR). DNA ligase IV, a component of the NHEJ system, is strictly required for the NHEJ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa. To enhance the GRF in Monascus ruber M7, we deleted the Mrlig4 gene encoding a homolog of N. crassa DNA ligase IV. The obtained mutant (MrΔlig4) showed no apparent defects in vegetative growth, colony phenotype, microscopic morphology, spore yield, and production of Monascus pigments and citrinin compared with the wild-type strain (M. ruber M7). Gene targeting of ku70 and triA genes revealed that GRF in the MrΔlig4 strain increased four-fold compared with that in the wild-type strain, reached 68 % and 85 %, respectively. Thus, the MrΔlig4 strain is a promising host for efficient genetic manipulation. In addition, the MrΔlig4 strain is more sensitive than M. ruber M7 to a DNA-damaging agent, methyl methanesulfonate.
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216
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Zhou Z, Yin Z, Hu X. Corncob hydrolysate, an efficient substrate forMonascuspigment production through submerged fermentation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:716-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology & Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
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217
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Monascus azaphilone pigment biosynthesis employs a dedicated fatty acid synthase for short chain fatty acyl moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-014-4017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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218
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Shao Y, Lei M, Mao Z, Zhou Y, Chen F. Insights into Monascus biology at the genetic level. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3911-22. [PMID: 24633442 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The genus of Monascus was nominated by van Tieghem in 1884, but its fermented product-red mold rice (RMR), namely red yeast rice, has been used as folk medicines, food colorants, and fermentation starters for more than thousands of years in oriental countries. Nowadays, RMR is widely developed as food supplements around the world due to its functional compounds such as monacolin K (MK, also called lovastatin) and γ-aminobutyric acid. But the usage of RMR also incurs controversy resulting from contamination of citrinin (a kind of mycotoxin) produced by some Monascus strains. In the past decade, it has made great progress to Monascus spp. at the genetic level with the application of molecular biology techniques to restrain the citrinin production and increase the yields of MK and pigment in RMR, as well as aid Monascus classification and phylogenesis. Up to now, hundreds of papers about Monascus molecular biology (MMB) have been published in the international primary journals. However, to our knowledge, there is no MMB review issued until now. In this review, current understanding of Monascus spp. from the view of molecular biology will be covered and insights into research areas that need to be further investigated will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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219
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Mpp7 controls regioselective Knoevenagel condensation during the biosynthesis of Monascus azaphilone pigments. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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220
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Cloning and functional analysis of the Gβ gene Mgb1 and the Gγ gene Mgg1 in Monascus ruber. J Microbiol 2014; 52:35-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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221
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Bijinu B, Suh JW, Park SH, Kwon HJ. Delineating Monascus azaphilone pigment biosynthesis: oxidoreductive modifications determine the ring cyclization pattern in azaphilone biosynthesis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of oxidoreductive modifications in controlling ring cyclization pattern in azaphilone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Bijinu
- Department of Biological Science
- Myongji University
- Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Suh
- Department of Biological Science
- Myongji University
- Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hyung Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources
- Mokpo National University
- Muan 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Kwon
- Department of Biological Science
- Myongji University
- Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea
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222
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Frisvad JC, Yilmaz N, Thrane U, Rasmussen KB, Houbraken J, Samson RA. Talaromyces atroroseus, a new species efficiently producing industrially relevant red pigments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84102. [PMID: 24367630 PMCID: PMC3868618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some species of Talaromyces secrete large amounts of red pigments. Literature has linked this character to species such as Talaromyces purpurogenus, T. albobiverticillius, T. marneffei, and T. minioluteus often under earlier Penicillium names. Isolates identified as T. purpurogenus have been reported to be interesting industrially and they can produce extracellular enzymes and red pigments, but they can also produce mycotoxins such as rubratoxin A and B and luteoskyrin. Production of mycotoxins limits the use of isolates of a particular species in biotechnology. Talaromyces atroroseus sp. nov., described in this study, produces the azaphilone biosynthetic families mitorubrins and Monascus pigments without any production of mycotoxins. Within the red pigment producing clade, T. atroroseus resolved in a distinct clade separate from all the other species in multigene phylogenies (ITS, β-tubulin and RPB1), which confirm its unique nature. Talaromyces atroroseus resembles T. purpurogenus and T. albobiverticillius in producing red diffusible pigments, but differs from the latter two species by the production of glauconic acid, purpuride and ZG-1494α and by the dull to dark green, thick walled ellipsoidal conidia produced. The type strain of Talaromyces atroroseus is CBS 133442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Neriman Yilmaz
- CBS–KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Thrane
- Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jos Houbraken
- CBS–KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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223
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Chandra IK, Kasim NS, Tran Nguyen PL, Tran-Thi NY, Ismadji S, Ju YH. Physicochemical characterization of starch isolated from redMonascusrice. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivon Kusmijo Chandra
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; 43, sec 4. Keelung Rd. Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University; Kalijudan 37 Surabaya 60114 Indonesia
| | - Novy Srihartanti Kasim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; 43, sec 4. Keelung Rd. Taipei Taiwan
| | - Phuong Lan Tran Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; 43, sec 4. Keelung Rd. Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ngoc Yen Tran-Thi
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT); 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University; Kalijudan 37 Surabaya 60114 Indonesia
| | - Yi-Hsu Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology; 43, sec 4. Keelung Rd. Taipei Taiwan
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224
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Kang B, Zhang X, Wu Z, Wang Z, Park S. Production of citrinin-free Monascus pigments by submerged culture at low pH. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 55:50-7. [PMID: 24411445 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial fermentation of citrinin-free Monascus pigments is of great interest to meet the demand of food safety. In the present work, the effect of various nitrogen sources, such as monosodium glutamate (MSG), cornmeal, (NH4)₂SO₄, and NaNO₃, on Monascus fermentation was examined under different initial pH conditions. The composition of Monascus pigments and the final pH of fermentation broth after Monascus fermentation were determined. It was found that nitrogen source was directly related to the final pH and the final pH regulated the composition of Monascus pigments and the biosynthesis of citrinin. Thus, an ideal nitrogen source can be selected to control the final pH and then the citrinin biosynthesis. Citrinin-free orange pigments were produced at extremely low initial pH in the medium with (NH4)₂SO₄ or MSG as nitrogen source. No citrinin biosynthesis at extremely low pH was further confirmed by extractive fermentation of intracellular pigments in the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 micelle aqueous solution. This is the first report about the production of citrinin-free Monascus pigments at extremely low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhenqiang Wu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Sunghoon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, South Korea
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225
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MpigE, a gene involved in pigment biosynthesis in Monascus ruber M7. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:285-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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226
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Dufossé L, Fouillaud M, Caro Y, Mapari SAS, Sutthiwong N. Filamentous fungi are large-scale producers of pigments and colorants for the food industry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 26:56-61. [PMID: 24679259 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
With globalization in the research trends, healthier life styles, and the growing market for the natural food colorants in the economically fast-growing countries all over the world, filamentous fungi are being investigated as readily available sources of chemically diverse colorants. With two selected examples, polyketide-Monascus-like pigments from the new fungal production strains, and the promising and yet unexplored hydroxy-anthraquinoid colorants, the present review highlights exciting recent findings, which may pave the way for alternative and/or additional biotechnological processes for the industrial production of natural food colorants of improved functionality. As an additional aspect, marine fungi are discussed as potential sources of novel pigments of numerous color hues and atypical chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dufossé
- Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Réunion Océan Indien, Département Innovation et Développement Agroalimentaire Intégré, 2 rue Joseph Wetzell, Parc Technologique Universitaire, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France.
| | - Mireille Fouillaud
- Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Réunion Océan Indien, Département Innovation et Développement Agroalimentaire Intégré, 2 rue Joseph Wetzell, Parc Technologique Universitaire, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Yanis Caro
- Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Réunion Océan Indien, Département Innovation et Développement Agroalimentaire Intégré, 2 rue Joseph Wetzell, Parc Technologique Universitaire, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Sameer A S Mapari
- Formerly at Food Chemistry, Biotechnology and Nutrition Unit, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche & DFB Center, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nuthathai Sutthiwong
- Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et des Sciences des Aliments, Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Réunion Océan Indien, Département Innovation et Développement Agroalimentaire Intégré, 2 rue Joseph Wetzell, Parc Technologique Universitaire, F-97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion, France; Agricultural Technology Department, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), 35 Mu 3, Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Deletion of pigR gene in Monascus ruber leads to loss of pigment production. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1425-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kang B, Zhang X, Wu Z, Qi H, Wang Z. Effect of pH and nonionic surfactant on profile of intracellular and extracellular Monascus pigments. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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229
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He Y, Liu Q, Shao Y, Chen F. Ku70 and ku80 null mutants improve the gene targeting frequency in Monascus ruber M7. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4965-76. [PMID: 23546425 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Normally, gene targeting by homologous recombination occurs rarely during a transformation process since non-homologous recombination is predominant in filamentous fungi. In our previous researches, the average gene replacement frequency (GRF) in Monascus ruber M7 was as low as 15 %. To develop a highly efficient gene targeting system for M. ruber M7, two M. ruber M7 null mutants of ku70 (MrΔku70) and ku80 (MrΔku80) were constructed which had no apparent defects in the development including vegetative growth, colony phenotype, microscopic morphology and spore yield compared with M. ruber M7. In addition, the production of some significant secondary metabolites such as pigments and citrinin had no differences between the two disruptants and the wild-type strain. Further results revealed that the GRFs of triA (encoding a putative acetyltransferase) were 42.2 % and 61.5 % in the MrΔku70 and MrΔku80 strains, respectively, while it was only about 20 % in M. ruber M7. Furthermore, GRFs of these two disruptants at other loci (the pigE, fmdS genes in MrΔku70 and the ku70 gene in MrΔku80) were investigated, and the results indicated that GRFs in the MrΔku70 strain and the MrΔku80 strain were doubled and tripled compared with that in M. ruber M7, respectively. Therefore, the ku70 and ku80 null mutants of M. ruber M7, especially the ku80-deleted strain, will be excellent hosts for efficient gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Balakrishnan B, Karki S, Chiu SH, Kim HJ, Suh JW, Nam B, Yoon YM, Chen CC, Kwon HJ. Genetic localization and in vivo characterization of a Monascus azaphilone pigment biosynthetic gene cluster. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6337-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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