201
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Lo Piero AR, Mercurio V, Puglisi I, Petrone G. Gene isolation and expression analysis of two distinct sweet orange [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)] tau-type glutathione transferases. Gene 2009; 443:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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202
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Gimeno J, Gadea J, Forment J, Pérez-Valle J, Santiago J, Martínez-Godoy MA, Yenush L, Bellés JM, Brumós J, Colmenero-Flores JM, Talón M, Serrano R. Shared and novel molecular responses of mandarin to drought. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:403-20. [PMID: 19290483 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most important stress experienced by citrus crops. A citrus cDNA microarray of about 6.000 genes has been utilized to identify transcriptomic responses of mandarin to water stress. As observed in other plant species challenged with drought stress, key genes for lysine catabolism, proline and raffinose synthesis, hydrogen peroxide reduction, vacuolar malate transport, RCI2 proteolipids and defence proteins such as osmotin, dehydrins and heat-shock proteins are induced in mandarin. Also, some aquaporin genes are repressed. The osmolyte raffinose could be detected in stressed roots while the dehydrin COR15 protein only accumulated in stressed leaves but not in roots. Novel drought responses in mandarin include the induction of genes encoding a new miraculin isoform, chloroplast beta-carotene hydroxylase, oleoyl desaturase, ribosomal protein RPS13A and protein kinase CTR1. These results suggest that drought tolerance in citrus may benefit from inhibition of proteolysis, activation of zeaxanthin and linolenoyl synthesis, reinforcement of ribosomal structure and down-regulation of the ethylene response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Gimeno
- Instituto De Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, Spain
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203
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Peremarti A, Bassie L, Christou P, Capell T. Spermine facilitates recovery from drought but does not confer drought tolerance in transgenic rice plants expressing Datura stramonium S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:253-64. [PMID: 19234674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are known to play important roles in plant stress tolerance but it has been difficult to determine precise functions for each type of polyamine and their interrelationships. To dissect the roles of putrescine from the higher polyamines spermidine and spermine, we generated transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing a heterologous S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene from Datura stramonium so that spermidine and spermine levels could be investigated while maintaining a constant putrescine pool. Whereas transgenic plants expressing arginine decarboxylase (ADC) produced higher levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and were protected from drought stress, transgenic plants expressing SAMDC produced normal levels of putrescine and showed drought symptoms typical of wild type plants under stress, but the transgenic plants showed a much more robust recovery on return to normal conditions (90% full recovery compared to 25% partial recovery for wild type plants). At the molecular level, both wild type and transgenic plants showed transient reductions in the levels of endogenous ADC1 and SAMDC mRNA, but only wild type plants showed a spike in putrescine levels under stress. In transgenic plants, there was no spike in putrescine but a smooth increase in spermine levels at the expense of spermidine. These results confirm and extend the threshold model for polyamine activity in drought stress, and attribute individual roles to putrescine, spermidine and spermine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Peremarti
- Departament de Producció Vegetal i Ciència Forestal, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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204
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Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of environmental stress-responsive SAP gene family encoding A20/AN1 zinc finger proteins in tomato. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 282:153-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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205
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Lin WC, Linda Chang PF. Approaches for Acquired Tolerance to Abiotic Stress of Economically Important Crops. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420077070.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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206
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Kolodyazhnaya YS, Kutsokon NK, Levenko BA, Syutikova OS, Rakhmetov DB, Kochetov AV. Transgenic plants tolerant to abiotic stresses. CYTOL GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452709020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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207
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Talanova VV, Titov AF, Topchieva LV, Malysheva IE. Effect of stress factors on expression of the gene encoding a CBF transcription factor in cucumber plants. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2009; 423:419-21. [PMID: 19213425 DOI: 10.1134/s001249660806015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V V Talanova
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya ul. 11, Petrozavodsk, 185610 Karelia, Russia
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208
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Singh AK, Singh BP, Prasad GBKS, Gaur SN, Arora N. Safety assessment of bacterial choline oxidase protein introduced in transgenic crops for tolerance against abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:12099-12104. [PMID: 19035641 DOI: 10.1021/jf8027073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified crops have resistance to abiotic stress by introduction of choline oxidase protein. In the present study, the safety of choline oxidase protein derived from Arthrobacter globiformis was assessed for toxicity and allergenicity. The protein was stable at 90 degrees C for 1 h. Toxicity studies of choline oxidase in mice showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) from control in terms of growth, body weight, food consumption, and blood biochemical indices. Histology of gut tissue of mice fed protein showed normal gastric mucosal lining and villi in jejunum and ileum sections. Specific IgE in serum and IL-4 release in splenic culture supernatant were low in choline oxidase treated mice, comparable to control. Intravenous challenge with choline oxidase did not induce any adverse reaction, unlike ovalbumin group mice. Histology of lung tissues from choline oxidase sensitized mice showed normal airways, whereas ovalbumin-sensitized mice showed inflamed airways with eosinophilic infiltration and bronchoconstriction. ELISA carried out with food allergic patients' sera revealed no significant IgE affinity with choline oxidase. Also, choline oxidase did not show any symptoms of toxicity and allergenicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinav K Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Delhi, India
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209
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Woo NS, Badger MR, Pogson BJ. A rapid, non-invasive procedure for quantitative assessment of drought survival using chlorophyll fluorescence. PLANT METHODS 2008; 4:27. [PMID: 19014425 PMCID: PMC2628343 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-4-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of survival is commonly used as a means of comparing the performance of plant lines under drought. However, the assessment of plant water status during such studies typically involves detachment to estimate water shock, imprecise methods of estimation or invasive measurements such as osmotic adjustment that influence or annul further evaluation of a specimen's response to drought. RESULTS This article presents a procedure for rapid, inexpensive and non-invasive assessment of the survival of soil-grown plants during drought treatment. The changes in major photosynthetic parameters during increasing water deficit were monitored via chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and the selection of the maximum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) parameter as the most straightforward and practical means of monitoring survival is described. The veracity of this technique is validated through application to a variety of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and mutant lines with altered tolerance to drought or reduced photosynthetic efficiencies. CONCLUSION The method presented here allows the acquisition of quantitative numerical estimates of Arabidopsis drought survival times that are amenable to statistical analysis. Furthermore, the required measurements can be obtained quickly and non-invasively using inexpensive equipment and with minimal expertise in chlorophyll fluorometry. This technique enables the rapid assessment and comparison of the relative viability of germplasm during drought, and may complement detailed physiological and water relations studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick S Woo
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Murray R Badger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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210
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Liu JH, Ban Y, Wen XP, Nakajima I, Moriguchi T. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of an arginine decarboxylase gene from peach (Prunus persica). Gene 2008; 429:10-7. [PMID: 18996450 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Arginine decarboxylase (ADC), one of the enzymes responsible for putrescine (Put) biosynthesis, has been shown to be implicated in stress response. In the current paper attempts were made to clone and characterize a gene encoding ADC from peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, 'Akatsuki'). Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) gave rise to a full-length ADC cDNA (PpADC) with a complete open reading frame of 2178 bp, encoding a 725 amino acid polypeptide. Homology search and sequence multi-alignment demonstrated that the deduced PpADC protein sequence shared a high identity with ADCs from other plants, including several highly conservative motifs and amino acids. Southern blotting indicated that PpADC existed in peach genome as a single gene. Expression levels of PpADC in different tissues of peach (P. persica 'Akatsuki') were spatially and developmentally regulated. Treatment of peach shoots from 'Mochizuki' with exogenous 5 mM Put, an indirect product of ADC, remarkably induced accumulation of PpADC mRNA. Transcripts of PpADC in peach leaves from 'Mochizuki' were quickly induced, either transiently or continuously, in response to dehydration, high salinity (200 mM NaCl), low temperature (4 degrees C) and heavy metal (150 microM CdCl(2)), but repressed by high temperature 37 degrees C) during a 2-day treatment, which changed in an opposite direction when the stresses were otherwise removed with the exception of CdCl(2) treatment. In addition, steady-state of PpADC mRNA could be also transiently up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) in 'Mochizuki' leaves. All of these, taken together, suggest that PpADC is a stress-responsive gene and can be considered as a potential target that is genetically manipulated so as to create novel germplasms with enhanced stress tolerance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong Liu
- National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
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211
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Pasquali G, Biricolti S, Locatelli F, Baldoni E, Mattana M. Osmyb4 expression improves adaptive responses to drought and cold stress in transgenic apples. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1677-86. [PMID: 18679687 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive expression of the rice cold-inducible Osmyb4 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants improves adaptive responses to cold and drought stress, most likely due to the constitutive activation of several stress-inducible pathways and to the accumulation of several compatible solutes (e.g., glucose, fructose, sucrose, proline, glycine betaine and some aromatic compounds). Although the Osmyb4 gene seems able to activate stress responsive pathways in different species, we previously reported that its specific effect on stress tolerance depends on the transformed species. In the present work, we report the effects of the Osmyb4 expression for improving the stress response in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) plants. Namely, we found that the ectopic expression of the Myb4 transcription factor improved physiological and biochemical adaptation to cold and drought stress and modified metabolite accumulation. Based on these results it may be of interest to use Osmyb4 as a tool for improving the productivity of woody perennials under environmental stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ortoflorofrutticoltura, Università di Firenze, Viale delle Idee, 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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212
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Senthil-Kumar M, Rame Gowda HV, Hema R, Mysore KS, Udayakumar M. Virus-induced gene silencing and its application in characterizing genes involved in water-deficit-stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 165:1404-21. [PMID: 18541337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) phenomena in plants has provided breakthroughs in advancing plant functional genomics. A recently developed approach based on one of the strategies adopted by plants to defend against viruses, called virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), is being widely used to enumerate the function of plant genes. Since its discovery, VIGS has been widely used to characterize plant genes involved in metabolic pathways, homeostasis, basic cellular functions, plant-microbe, plant-nematode and plant-herbivore interaction. Recently, the application of this technique has been extended to characterize the genes and cellular processes involved in abiotic-stress tolerance, and in particular drought and oxidative stress. Because abiotic-stress tolerance is multigenic, identification and characterization of genes involved in this process is challenging. VIGS could become one among the several potential tools in understanding the relevance of these stress-responsive genes. Development of VIGS protocols for the use of heterologous gene sequences as VIGS-inducers has extended its applicability to analyze genes of VIGS recalcitrant plant species. This article describes the methodology of VIGS for characterizing the water-deficit-stress-responsive genes, precautions to be taken during the experimentation, and future application of this technology as a fast forwarded as well as a reverse genetics tool to identify and characterize plant genes involved in drought tolerance. We also describe the importance of accurate water-deficit-stress imposition and quantification of stress-induced changes in the silenced plants during the process of screening to identify genes responsible for tolerance. Further, limitations of VIGS in characterizing the abiotic-stress-responsive genes are noted, with suggestions to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
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213
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cDNA-AFLP Analysis Reveals Differential Gene Expression in Response to Salt Stress in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.). Mol Biotechnol 2008; 40:241-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-008-9081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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214
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Century K, Reuber TL, Ratcliffe OJ. Regulating the regulators: the future prospects for transcription-factor-based agricultural biotechnology products. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 147:20-9. [PMID: 18443103 PMCID: PMC2330319 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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