201
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Han J, Luk B, Lee FJ. Neuroprotective effects of extracellular DJ-1 on reperfusion injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Han
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Beryl Luk
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Frank J.S. Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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202
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Potjewyd G, Day PJ, Shangula S, Margison GP, Povey AC. L-β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) nitrosation generates a cytotoxic DNA damaging alkylating agent: An unexplored mechanism for neurodegenerative disease. Neurotoxicology 2017; 59:105-109. [PMID: 28163087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinic amino acid, that is neurotoxic in vitro and in animals, and is implicated in the causation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) on Guam. Given that natural amino acids can be N-nitrosated to form toxic alkylating agents and the structural similarity of BMAA to other amino acids, our hypothesis was that N-nitrosation of BMAA might result in a toxic alkylating agent, providing a novel mechanistic hypothesis for BMAA action. FINDINGS We have chemically nitrosated BMAA with sodium nitrite to produce nitrosated BMAA (N-BMAA) which was shown to react with the alkyl-trapping agent, 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, cause DNA strand breaks in vitro and was toxic to the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y under conditions in which BMAA itself was minimally toxic. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that N-BMAA is an alkylating agent and toxin suggesting a plausible and previously unrecognised mechanism for the neurotoxic effects of BMAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Potjewyd
- Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P J Day
- Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Shangula
- Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G P Margison
- Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A C Povey
- Centre for Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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203
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RA Differentiation Enhances Dopaminergic Features, Changes Redox Parameters, and Increases Dopamine Transporter Dependency in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:545-559. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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204
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Xicoy H, Wieringa B, Martens GJM. The SH-SY5Y cell line in Parkinson's disease research: a systematic review. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28118852 PMCID: PMC5259880 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating and highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatment is available. In order to develop a truly effective disease-modifying therapy, improvement of our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis and progression is crucial. For this purpose, standardization of research protocols and disease models is necessary. As human dopaminergic neurons, the cells mainly affected in PD, are difficult to obtain and maintain as primary cells, current PD research is mostly performed with permanently established neuronal cell models, in particular the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y lineage. This cell line is frequently chosen because of its human origin, catecholaminergic (though not strictly dopaminergic) neuronal properties, and ease of maintenance. However, there is no consensus on many fundamental aspects that are associated with its use, such as the effects of culture media composition and of variations in differentiation protocols. Here we present the outcome of a systematic review of scientific articles that have used SH-SY5Y cells to explore PD. We describe the cell source, culture conditions, differentiation protocols, methods/approaches used to mimic PD and the preclinical validation of the SH-SY5Y findings by employing alternative cellular and animal models. Thus, this overview may help to standardize the use of the SH-SY5Y cell line in PD research and serve as a future user’s guide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Xicoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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205
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Shorbagi S, Brown IR. Dynamics of the association of heat shock protein HSPA6 (Hsp70B') and HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) with stress-sensitive cytoplasmic and nuclear structures in differentiated human neuronal cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:993-1003. [PMID: 27527722 PMCID: PMC5083669 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are cellular repair agents that counter the effects of protein misfolding that is a characteristic feature of neurodegenerative diseases. HSPA1A (Hsp70-1) is a widely studied member of the HSPA (Hsp70) family. The little-studied HSPA6 (Hsp70B') is present in the human genome and absent in mouse and rat; hence, it is missing in current animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Differentiated human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells were employed to compare the dynamics of the association of YFP-tagged HSPA6 and HSPA1A with stress-sensitive cytoplasmic and nuclear structures. Following thermal stress, live-imaging confocal microscopy and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) demonstrated that HSPA6 displayed a prolonged and more dynamic association, compared to HSPA1A, with centrioles that play critical roles in neuronal polarity and migration. HSPA6 and HSPA1A also targeted nuclear speckles, rich in RNA splicing factors, and the granular component of the nucleolus that is involved in rRNA processing and ribosomal subunit assembly. HSPA6 and HSPA1A displayed similar FRAP kinetics in their interaction with nuclear speckles and the nucleolus. Subsequently, during the recovery from neuronal stress, HSPA6, but not HSPA1A, localized with the periphery of nuclear speckles (perispeckles) that have been characterized as transcription sites. The stress-induced association of HSPA6 with perispeckles displayed the greatest dynamism compared to the interaction of HSPA6 or HSPA1A with other stress-sensitive cytoplasmic and nuclear structures. This suggests involvement of HSPA6 in transcriptional recovery of human neurons from cellular stress that is not apparent for HSPA1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Shorbagi
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ian R Brown
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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206
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Becirovic L, Brown IR. Targeting of Heat Shock Protein HSPA6 (HSP70B') to the Periphery of Nuclear Speckles is Disrupted by a Transcription Inhibitor Following Thermal Stress in Human Neuronal Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:406-414. [PMID: 27743288 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a set of highly conserved proteins involved in cellular repair and protective mechanisms. The intracellular localization of inducible members of the HSPA (HSP70) family can be used as an index to identify stress-sensitive sites in differentiated human neuronal cells. Following thermal stress, the little studied HSPA6 (HSP70B') was targeted to the periphery of nuclear speckles (perispeckles) that are sites of transcription factories. Triptolide, a fast-acting transcription inhibitor, knocked down levels of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, RPB1, during the time-frame when HSPA6 associated with perispeckles. Administration of triptolide to heat shocked human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells, disrupted HSPA6 localization to perispeckles, suggesting the involvement of HSPA6 in transcriptional recovery after stress. The HSPA6 gene is present in the human genome but is not found in the genomes of the mouse and rat. Hence current animal models of neurodegenerative diseases lack a member of the HSPA family that exhibits the feature of stress-induced targeting to perispeckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Becirovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ian R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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207
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Zennaro C, Rastaldi MP, Bakeine GJ, Delfino R, Tonon F, Farra R, Grassi G, Artero M, Tormen M, Carraro M. A nanoporous surface is essential for glomerular podocyte differentiation in three-dimensional culture. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:4957-4973. [PMID: 27757030 PMCID: PMC5053378 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well recognized that cell–matrix interactions are based on both molecular and geometrical characteristics, the relationship between specific cell types and the three-dimensional morphology of the surface to which they are attached is poorly understood. This is particularly true for glomerular podocytes – the gatekeepers of glomerular filtration – which completely enwrap the glomerular basement membrane with their primary and secondary ramifications. Nanotechnologies produce biocompatible materials which offer the possibility to build substrates which differ only by topology in order to mimic the spatial organization of diverse basement membranes. With this in mind, we produced and utilized rough and porous surfaces obtained from silicon to analyze the behavior of two diverse ramified cells: glomerular podocytes and a neuronal cell line used as a control. Proper differentiation and development of ramifications of both cell types was largely influenced by topographical characteristics. Confirming previous data, the neuronal cell line acquired features of maturation on rough nanosurfaces. In contrast, podocytes developed and matured preferentially on nanoporous surfaces provided with grooves, as shown by the organization of the actin cytoskeleton stress fibers and the proper development of vinculin-positive focal adhesions. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that in vitro studies regarding podocyte attachment to the glomerular basement membrane should take into account the geometrical properties of the surface on which the tests are conducted because physiological cellular activity depends on the three-dimensional microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zennaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | | | - Gerald James Bakeine
- Department of Radiology, San Martino University Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - Riccarda Delfino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
| | - Rossella Farra
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste; Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste
| | - Mary Artero
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste
| | | | - Michele Carraro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste
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208
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Zwick V, Simões-Pires CA, Nurisso A, Petit C, Dos Santos Passos C, Randazzo GM, Martinet N, Bertrand P, Cuendet M. Synthesis of a selective HDAC6 inhibitor active in neuroblasts. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4955-4959. [PMID: 27650925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of HDAC6 in neurodegeneration has been partially elucidated, which led some authors to propose HDAC6 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In an effort to develop a selective HDAC6 inhibitor which can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), a modified hydroxamate derivative (compound 3) was designed and synthetized. This compound was predicted to have potential for BBB penetration based on in silico and in vitro evaluation of passive permeability. When tested for its HDAC inhibitory activity, the IC50 value of compound 3 towards HDAC6 was in the nM range in both enzymatic and cell-based assays. Compound 3 showed a cell-based selectivity profile close to that of tubastatin A in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, and a good BBB permeability profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zwick
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claudia A Simões-Pires
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charlotte Petit
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Passos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Marco Randazzo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Martinet
- Institut de chimie, UMR CNRS 7272, UNSA, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 521106, B28, 86073 Poitiers, France; Réseau Epigénétique du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, France
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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209
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Szczepanowicz K, Jantas D, Piotrowski M, Staroń J, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Lasoń W, Warszyński P. Encapsulation of curcumin in polyelectrolyte nanocapsules and their neuroprotective activity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:355101. [PMID: 27454207 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/35/355101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor water solubility and low bioavailability of lipophilic drugs can be potentially improved with the use of delivery systems. In this study, encapsulation of nanoemulsion droplets was utilized to prepare curcumin nanocarriers. Nanosize droplets containing the drug were encapsulated in polyelectrolyte shells formed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption of biocompatible polyelectrolytes: poly-L-lysine (PLL) and poly-L-glutamic acid (PGA). The size of synthesized nanocapsules was around 100 nm. Their biocompatibility and neuroprotective effects were evaluated on the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line using cell viability/toxicity assays (MTT reduction, LDH release). Statistically significant toxic effect was clearly observed for PLL coated nanocapsules (reduction in cell viability about 20%-60%), while nanocapsules with PLL/PGA coating did not evoke any detrimental effects on SH-SY5Y cells. Curcumin encapsulated in PLL/PGA showed similar neuroprotective activity against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell damage, as did 5 μM curcumin pre-dissolved in DMSO (about 16% of protection). Determination of concentration of curcumin in cell lysate confirmed that curcumin in nanocapsules has cell protective effect in lower concentrations (at least 20 times) than when given alone. Intracellular mechanisms of encapsulated curcumin-mediated protection engaged the prevention of the H2O2-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) but did not attenuate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation. The obtained results indicate the utility of PLL/PGA shell nanocapsules as a promising, alternative way of curcumin delivery for neuroprotective purposes with improved efficiency and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szczepanowicz
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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210
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Lamine A, Létourneau M, Doan ND, Maucotel J, Couvineau A, Vaudry H, Chatenet D, Vaudry D, Fournier A. Characterizations of a synthetic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide analog displaying potent neuroprotective activity and reduced in vivo cardiovascular side effects in a Parkinson's disease model. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:440-50. [PMID: 26006268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a steady loss of dopamine neurons through apoptotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress processes. In that line of view, the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), with its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, has proven to offer potent neuroprotection in various PD models. Nonetheless, its peripheral actions, paired with low metabolic stability, hampered its clinical use. We have developed Ac-[Phe(pI)(6), Nle(17)]PACAP(1-27) as an improved PACAP-derived neuroprotective compound. In vitro, this analog stimulated cAMP production, maintained mitochondrial potential and protected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) toxicity, as potently as PACAP. Furthermore, contrasting with PACAP, it is stable in human plasma and against dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity. When injected intravenously to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice, PACAP and Ac-[Phe(pI)(6), Nle(17)]PACAP(1-27) restored tyrosine hydoxylase expression into the substantia nigra and modulated the inflammatory response. Albeit falls of mean arterial pressure (MAP) were observed with both PACAP- and Ac-[Phe(pI)(6), Nle(17)]PACAP(1-27)-treated mice, the intensity of the decrease as well as its duration were significantly less marked after iv injections of the analog than after those of the native polypeptide. Moreover, no significant changes in heart rate were measured with the animals for both compounds. Thus, Ac-[Phe(pI)(6), Nle(17)]PACAP(1-27) appears as a promising lead molecule for the development of PACAP-derived drugs potentially useful for the treatment of PD or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Lamine
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France; INSERM-U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Myriam Létourneau
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France
| | - Ngoc Duc Doan
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France
| | - Julie Maucotel
- Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France; INSERM-U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Alain Couvineau
- INSERM U1149/Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris-Diderot, Faculté de Médecine Site Bichat, 16, rue H. Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France; INSERM-U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - David Chatenet
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France; INSERM-U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, IRIB, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Alain Fournier
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain, Université de Rouen, France.
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211
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Chemerovski-Glikman M, Rozentur-Shkop E, Richman M, Grupi A, Getler A, Cohen HY, Shaked H, Wallin C, Wärmländer SKTS, Haas E, Gräslund A, Chill JH, Rahimipour S. Self-Assembled Cyclic d,l-α-Peptides as Generic Conformational Inhibitors of the α-Synuclein Aggregation and Toxicity: In Vitro and Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2016; 22:14236-46. [PMID: 27539220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many peptides and proteins with large sequences and structural differences self-assemble into disease-causing amyloids that share very similar biochemical and biophysical characteristics, which may contribute to their cross-interaction. Here, we demonstrate how the self-assembled, cyclic d,l-α-peptide CP-2, which has similar structural and functional properties to those of amyloids, acts as a generic inhibitor of the Parkinson's disease associated α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation to toxic oligomers by an "off-pathway" mechanism. We show that CP-2 interacts with the N-terminal and the non-amyloid-β component region of α-syn, which are responsible for α-syn's membrane intercalation and self-assembly, thus changing the overall conformation of α-syn. CP-2 also remodels α-syn fibrils to nontoxic amorphous species and permeates cells through endosomes/lysosomes to reduce the accumulation and toxicity of intracellular α-syn in neuronal cells overexpressing α-syn. Our studies suggest that targeting the common structural conformation of amyloids may be a promising approach for developing new therapeutics for amyloidogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Rozentur-Shkop
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Michal Richman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Asaf Grupi
- Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Asaf Getler
- Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Hadassa Shaked
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisha Haas
- Department of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordan H Chill
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel.
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212
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Dayem AA, Kim B, Gurunathan S, Choi HY, Yang G, Saha SK, Han D, Han J, Kim K, Kim JH, Cho SG. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles induce neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells via modulation of reactive oxygen species, phosphatases, and kinase signaling pathways. Biotechnol J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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213
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Jahnke HG, Krinke D, Seidel D, Lilienthal K, Schmidt S, Azendorf R, Fischer M, Mack T, Striggow F, Althaus H, Schober A, Robitzki AA. A novel 384-multiwell microelectrode array for the impedimetric monitoring of Tau protein induced neurodegenerative processes. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 88:78-84. [PMID: 27506337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, countless bioelectronic monitoring systems were developed for the analysis of cells as well as complex tissues. Most studies addressed the sensitivity and specificity of the bioelectronic detection method in comparison to classical molecular biological assays. In contrast, the up scaling as a prerequisite for the practical application of these novel bioelectronic monitoring systems is mostly only discussed theoretically. In this context, we developed a novel 384-multiwell microelectrode array (MMEA) based measurement system for the sensitive label-free real-time monitoring of neurodegenerative processes by impedance spectroscopy. With respect to the needs of productive screening systems for robust and reproducible measurements on high numbers of plates, we focused on reducing the critical contacting of more than 400 electrodes for a 384-MMEA. Therefore, we introduced an on top array of immersive counter electrodes that are individually addressed by a multiplexer and connected all measurement electrodes on the 384-MMEA to a single contact point. More strikingly, our novel approach provided a comparable signal stability and sensitivity similar to an array with integrated counter electrodes. Next, we optimized a SH-SY5Y cell based tauopathy model by introducing a novel 5-fold Tau mutation eliminating the need of artificial tauopathy induction. In combination with our novel 384-MMEA based measurement system, the concentration and time dependent neuroregenerative effect of the kinase inhibitor SRN-003-556 could be quantitatively monitored. Thus, our novel screening system could be a useful tool to identify and develop potential novel therapeutics in the field of Tau-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Dana Krinke
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Diana Seidel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Katharina Lilienthal
- Institute of Micro, and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®, Nano-biosystem Technology (Microfluidics and Biosensors group), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, Ilmenau, 98693 Germany
| | - Sabine Schmidt
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Ronny Azendorf
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- Institute of Micro, and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®, Nano-biosystem Technology (Microfluidics and Biosensors group), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, Ilmenau, 98693 Germany
| | - Till Mack
- KeyNeurotek Pharmaceuticals AG, Zenit Technologiepark, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Intervention Strategies, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, D-39120 Germany
| | - Frank Striggow
- KeyNeurotek Pharmaceuticals AG, Zenit Technologiepark, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, 39120 Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Intervention Strategies, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg, D-39120 Germany
| | - Holger Althaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Institute of Micro, and Nanotechnologies MacroNano®, Nano-biosystem Technology (Microfluidics and Biosensors group), Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, Ilmenau, 98693 Germany
| | - Andrea A Robitzki
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Molecular biological-biochemical Processing Technology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, D-04103 Germany.
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214
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Vitamin D signaling and the differentiation of developing dopamine systems. Neuroscience 2016; 333:193-203. [PMID: 27450565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D regulates multiple factors including those involved in the ontogeny of dopaminergic systems. It has been shown that in neonatal rats maternally deprived of vitamin D, dopamine (DA) turnover is decreased with associated reductions in one catabolic enzyme, catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT). To directly examine this signaling relationship, in the present study we have over-expressed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in order to examine the mechanisms by which the active vitamin D hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3, via its receptor VDR, affects DA production and turnover. Our results show that VDR overexpression increases DA neuron differentiation by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase expression, DA production and decreasing the expression of NEUROG2 a marker of immature DA neurons. In the VDR-overexpressing cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 further increased the levels of the DA-metabolites 3-MT and HVA and elevated COMT gene expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased VDR binding in three regions of the COMT promoter, strongly suggesting direct regulation. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment attenuated increased levels of MAOA, DRD2 and VMAT2 gene expression caused by the VDR-overexpression. Taken together, these results show VDR and 1,25(OH)2D3 are directly involved in regulating the expression of dopaminergic-associated genes and that this in vitro neuronal model is a useful tool for identifying the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in DA neuronal development and maturation.
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215
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Transcriptomic Profiling Discloses Molecular and Cellular Events Related to Neuronal Differentiation in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:665-682. [PMID: 27422411 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells are widely utilized in in vitro studies to dissect out pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. These cells are considered as neuronal precursors and differentiate into more mature neuronal phenotypes under selected growth conditions. In this study, in order to decipher the pathways and cellular processes underlying neuroblastoma cell differentiation in vitro, we performed systematic transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and bioinformatic analysis of SH-SY5Y cells differentiated according to a two-step paradigm: retinoic acid treatment followed by enriched neurobasal medium. Categorization of 1989 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in differentiated cells functionally linked them to changes in cell morphology including remodelling of plasma membrane and cytoskeleton, and neuritogenesis. Seventy-three DEGs were assigned to axonal guidance signalling pathway, and the expression of selected gene products such as neurotrophin receptors, the functionally related SLITRK6, and semaphorins, was validated by immunoblotting. Along with these findings, the differentiated cells exhibited an ability to elongate longer axonal process as assessed by the neuronal cytoskeletal markers biochemical characterization and morphometric evaluation. Recognition of molecular events occurring in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells is critical to accurately interpret the cellular responses to specific stimuli in studies on disease pathogenesis.
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216
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Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase catalyses the N-methylation of the endogenous β-carboline norharman: evidence for a novel detoxification pathway. Biochem J 2016; 473:3253-67. [PMID: 27389312 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is responsible for the N-methylation of nicotinamide to 1-methylnicotinamide. Our recent studies have demonstrated that NNMT regulates cellular processes fundamental to the correct functioning and survival of the cell. It has been proposed that NNMT may possess β-carboline (BC) N-methyltransferase activity, endogenously and exogenously produced pyridine-containing compounds which, when N-methylated, are potent inhibitors of Complex I and have been proposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We have investigated the ability of recombinant NNMT to N-methylate norharman (NH) to 2-N-methylnorharman (MeNH). In addition, we have investigated the toxicity of the BC NH, its precursor 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman (THNH) and its N-methylated metabolite MeNH, using our in vitro SH-SY5Y NNMT expression model. Recombinant NNMT demonstrated NH 2N-methyltransferase activity, with a Km of 90 ± 20 µM, a kcat of 3 × 10(-4) ± 2 × 10(-5) s(-1) and a specificity constant (kcat/Km) of 3 ± 1 s(-1) M(-1) THNH was the least toxic of all three compounds investigated, whereas NH demonstrated the greatest, with no difference observed in terms of cell viability and cell death between NNMT-expressing and non-expressing cells. In NNMT-expressing cells, MeNH increased cell viability and cellular ATP concentration in a dose-dependent manner after 72 and 120 h incubation, an effect that was not observed after 24 h incubation or in non-NNNT-expressing cells at any time point. Taken together, these results suggest that NNMT may be a detoxification pathway for BCs such as NH.
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217
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Scapin G, Bertalot T, Vicentini N, Gatti T, Tescari S, De Filippis V, Marega C, Menna E, Gasparella M, Parnigotto PP, Di Liddo R, Filippini F. Neuronal commitment of human circulating multipotent cells by carbon nanotube-polymer scaffolds and biomimetic peptides. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1929-46. [PMID: 27246559 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to set up a self-standing, biomimetic scaffold system able to induce and support per se neuronal differentiation of autologous multipotent cells. MATERIALS & METHODS We isolated a population of human circulating multipotent cells (hCMCs), and used carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposite scaffolds to mimic electrical/nanotopographical features of the neural environment, and biomimetic peptides reproducing axon guidance cues from neural proteins. RESULTS hCMCs showed high degree of stemness and multidifferentiative potential; stimuli from the scaffolds and biomimetic peptides could induce and boost hCMC differentiation toward neuronal lineage despite the absence of exogenously added, specific growth factors. CONCLUSION This work suggests the scaffold-peptides system combined with autologous hCMCs as a functional biomimetic, self-standing prototype for neural regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scapin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicola Vicentini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Teresa Gatti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Tescari
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Carla Marega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Enzo Menna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Gasparella
- Department of Woman & Child Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Tissue Engineering & Signaling ONLUS, Caselle di Selvazzano Dentro, 35030 Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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218
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Comment on: "Cytotoxicity of Oxycodone and Morphine in Human Neuroblastoma and Mouse Motoneuronal Cells: A Comparative Approach". Drugs R D 2016; 16:285-286. [PMID: 27225170 PMCID: PMC5045827 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-016-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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219
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Wollenhaupt-Aguiar B, Pfaffenseller B, Chagas VDS, Castro MAA, Passos IC, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Kapczinski F, Klamt F. Reduced Neurite Density in Neuronal Cell Cultures Exposed to Serum of Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw051. [PMID: 27207915 PMCID: PMC5091826 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress have been reported in serum among patients with bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study is to assess whether biochemical changes in the serum of patients induces neurotoxicity in neuronal cell cultures. METHODS We challenged the retinoic acid-differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with the serum of BD patients at early and late stages of illness and assessed neurite density and cell viability as neurotoxic endpoints. RESULTS Decreased neurite density was found in neurons treated with the serum of patients, mostly patients at late stages of illness. Also, neurons challenged with the serum of late-stage patients showed a significant decrease in cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that the serum of patients with bipolar disorder induced a decrease in neurite density and cell viability in neuronal cultures.
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220
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SIRT2 regulates insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:747-752. [PMID: 27163642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in brain is well-associated with pathophysiology of deficits in whole-body energy metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases etc. Among the seven sirtuins, SIRT2 is the major deacetylase expressed in brain. Inhibition of SIRT2 confers neuroprotection in case of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). However, the role of this sirtuin in neuronal insulin resistance is not known. In this study, we report the role of SIRT2 in regulating insulin-sensitivity in neuronal cells in vitro. Using approaches like pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2, siRNA mediated SIRT2 knockdown and over-expression of wild-type and catalytically-mutated SIRT2, we observed that downregulation of SIRT2 ameliorated the reduced activity of AKT and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin resistant neuro-2a cells. The data was supported by over expression of catalytically-inactive SIRT2 in insulin-resistant human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Data highlights a crucial role of SIRT2 in regulation of neuronal insulin sensitivity under insulin resistant condition.
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221
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Meclizine-induced enhanced glycolysis is neuroprotective in Parkinson disease cell models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25344. [PMID: 27145922 PMCID: PMC4857109 DOI: 10.1038/srep25344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Meclizine is a well-tolerated drug routinely used as an anti-histamine agent in the management of disequilibrium. Recently, meclizine has been assessed for its neuroprotective properties in ischemic stroke and Huntington disease models. We found that meclizine protected against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis and cell death in both SH-SY5Y cells and rat primary cortical cultures. Meclizine increases the level of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), which activates phosphofructokinase, a rate-determining enzyme of glycolysis. This protection is therefore mediated by meclizine’s ability to enhance glycolysis and increase mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Meclizine represents an interesting candidate for further investigation to re-purpose for its potential to be neuroprotective in Parkinson disease.
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222
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Lewis YE, Abeywardana T, Lin YH, Galesic A, Pratt MR. Synthesis of a Bis-thio-acetone (BTA) Analogue of the Lysine Isopeptide Bond and its Application to Investigate the Effects of Ubiquitination and SUMOylation on α-Synuclein Aggregation and Toxicity. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:931-42. [PMID: 26726734 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reversible modification of protein by the small protein ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like modifiers plays important roles in virtually every key biological process in eukaryotic cells. The establishment of a range of chemical methods for the preparation of ubiquitinated proteins has enabled the site-specific interrogation of the consequences of these modifications. However, many of these techniques require significant levels of synthetic expertise, somewhat limiting their widespread application by the biological community. To overcome this issue, the creation of structural analogues of the ubiquitin-protein linkage that can be readily prepared with commercially available reagents and buffers is an important goal. Here we present the development of conditions for the facile synthesis of bis-thio-acetone (BTA) linkages of ubiquitinated proteins in high yields. Additionally, we apply this technique to the preparation of the aggregation prone protein α-synuclein bearing either ubiquitin or the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). With these proteins, we demonstrate that the BTA linkage recapitulates the previously published effects of either of these proteins on α-synuclein, suggesting that it is a good structural mimic. Notably, the BTA linkage is chemically and enzymatically stable, enabling us to study the consequences of site-specific ubiquitination and SUMOylation on the toxicity of α-synuclein in cell culture, which revealed modification and site-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka E. Lewis
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Tharindumala Abeywardana
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yu Hsuan Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ana Galesic
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Matthew R. Pratt
- Departments of Chemistry and ‡Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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223
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Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Rasà DM, Reitano R, Saccone S, Federico C, Parenti R, Magro G, D'Agata V. Expression profile of Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) isoforms in undifferentiated and all-trans retinoic acid differentiated neuroblastoma cells. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:47-58. [PMID: 27014421 PMCID: PMC4773705 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) is a tumor suppressor gene originally identified in nephroblastoma. It is also expressed in neuroblastoma which represents the most aggressive extracranial pediatric tumor. Many evidences have shown that neuroblastoma may undergo maturation, by transforming itself in a more differentiated tumors such as ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, or progressing into a highly aggressive metastatic malignancy. To date, 13 WT1 mRNA alternative splice variants have been identified. However, most of the studies have focused their attention only on isoform of ∼49 kDa. In the present study, it has been investigated the expression pattern of WT1 isoforms in an in vitro model of neuroblastoma consisting in undifferentiated or all-trans retinoic acid (RA) differentiated cells. These latter representing the less malignant phenotype of this tumor. Results have demonstrated that WT1.1-WT1.5, WT1.6-WT1.9, WT1.10 WT1.11-WT1.12 and WT1.13 isoforms are expressed in both groups of cells, but their levels are significantly increased after RA treatment. These data have also been confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, the inhibition of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK, that represent two signalling pathway specifically involved in NB differentiation, induces an overexpression of WT1 isoforms. These data suggest that WT1 isoforms might be involved in differentiation of neuroblastic into mature ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maugeri
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; San Raffaele Telematic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Rasà
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Reitano
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Sections of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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224
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Functionally different α-synuclein inclusions yield insight into Parkinson's disease pathology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23116. [PMID: 26984067 PMCID: PMC4794800 DOI: 10.1038/srep23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of α-synuclein (α-S) amyloid aggregates, called Lewy bodies (LBs), is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The function of LBs in the disease process is however still unclear; they have been associated with both neuroprotection and toxicity. To obtain insight into this contradiction, we induced the formation of α-S inclusions, using three different induction methods in SH-SY5Y cells and rat-derived primary neuronal cells. Using confocal and STED microscopy we observed induction-dependent differences in α-S inclusion morphology, location and function. The aggregation of α-S in functionally different compartments correlates with the toxicity of the induction method measured in viability assays. The most cytotoxic treatment largely correlates with the formation of proteasome-associated, juxta-nuclear inclusions. With less toxic methods cytosolic deposits that are not associated with the proteasome are more prevalent. The distribution of α-S over at least two different types of inclusions is not limited to cell models, but is also observed in primary neuronal cells and in human mesencephalon. The existence of functionally different LBs, in vivo and in vitro, gives important insights in the impact of Lewy Body formation on neuronal functioning and may thereby provide a platform for discovering therapeutics.
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225
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Pal R, Bajaj L, Sharma J, Palmieri M, Di Ronza A, Lotfi P, Chaudhury A, Neilson J, Sardiello M, Rodney GG. NADPH oxidase promotes Parkinsonian phenotypes by impairing autophagic flux in an mTORC1-independent fashion in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22866. [PMID: 26960433 PMCID: PMC4785399 DOI: 10.1038/srep22866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and aberrant accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol are key pathological features associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is upregulated in the pathogenesis of PD; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of Nox2-mediated oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis are still unknown. Using a rotenone-inducible cellular model of PD, we observed that a short exposure to rotenone (0.5 μM) resulted in impaired autophagic flux through activation of a Nox2 dependent Src/PI3K/Akt axis, with a consequent disruption of a Beclin1-VPS34 interaction that was independent of mTORC1 activity. Sustained exposure to rotenone at a higher dose (10 μM) decreased mTORC1 activity; however, autophagic flux was still impaired due to dysregulation of lysosomal activity with subsequent induction of the apoptotic machinery. Cumulatively, our results highlight a complex pathogenic mechanism for PD where short- and long-term oxidative stress alters different signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in anomalous autophagic activity and disease phenotype. Inhibition of Nox2-dependent oxidative stress attenuated the impaired autophagy and cell death, highlighting the importance and therapeutic potential of these pathways for treating patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Michela Palmieri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Alberto Di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Arindam Chaudhury
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Joel Neilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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226
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Tanimoto R, Hiraiwa T, Nakai Y, Shindo Y, Oka K, Hiroi N, Funahashi A. Detection of Temperature Difference in Neuronal Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22071. [PMID: 26925874 PMCID: PMC4772094 DOI: 10.1038/srep22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For a better understanding of the mechanisms behind cellular functions, quantification of the heterogeneity in an organism or cells is essential. Recently, the importance of quantifying temperature has been highlighted, as it correlates with biochemical reaction rates. Several methods for detecting intracellular temperature have recently been established. Here we develop a novel method for sensing temperature in living cells based on the imaging technique of fluorescence of quantum dots. We apply the method to quantify the temperature difference in a human derived neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y. Our results show that temperatures in the cell body and neurites are different and thus suggest that inhomogeneous heat production and dissipation happen in a cell. We estimate that heterogeneous heat dissipation results from the characteristic shape of neuronal cells, which consist of several compartments formed with different surface-volume ratios. Inhomogeneous heat production is attributable to the localization of specific organelles as the heat source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Tanimoto
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiraiwa
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakai
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Noriko Hiroi
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akira Funahashi
- Keio University, Department of Biosciences and Informatics, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ward, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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227
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Comparative mRNA Expression of eEF1A Isoforms and a PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in a Cellular Model of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:8716016. [PMID: 26981313 PMCID: PMC4769776 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8716016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is one of dysregulated pathways in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies in nonneuronal cells showed that Akt regulation can be increased by eukaryotic protein elongation factor 1 alpha 2 (eEF1A2). eEF1A2 is proposed to contribute protection against apoptotic death, likely through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Whether eEF1A2 plays a role in the prevention of cell death in PD has not been investigated. Recently, gene profiling on dopaminergic neurons from postmortem PD patients showed both upregulation and downregulation of some PI3K and mTOR genes. In this paper, the expression of all gene members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in relation to those of the eEF1A isoforms in a cellular model of PD was investigated at the mRNA level. The results showed a similar trend of upregulation of genes of the eEF1A isoforms (eEF1A1 and eEF1A2) and of the PI3K (classes I–III)/Akt (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3)/mTOR (mTORC1 and mTORC2) pathway in both nondifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). Upregulation of eEF1A2, Akt1, and mTORC1 was consistent with the relative increase of eEF1A2, Akt, phospho-Akt, and mTORC1 proteins. The possible role of eEF1A isoforms in the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in PD is discussed.
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228
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de Oliveira MR. The Effects of Ellagic Acid upon Brain Cells: A Mechanistic View and Future Directions. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1219-28. [PMID: 26846140 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno; C14H6O8) is a polyphenol derived from fruits (pomegranates, berries) and nuts. EA exhibits antioxidant capacity and induces anti-inflammatory actions in several mammalian tissues. EA has been characterized as a possible neuroprotective agent, but the number of reports is still limited to conclude whether and how EA exerts neuroprotection in humans. In this regard, performing additional studies considering the potential beneficial and/or toxicological roles for EA on brain cells would be an important step towards fully understanding of when and how EA may be securely utilized by humans as a neuroprotective agent. The aim of the present work is to discuss data related to the neuronal and glial effects of EA and the mechanisms underlying such events. Moreover, future directions are suggested as a potential guide to be utilized by researchers interested in investigating the neuronal and glial actions of EA hereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, 78060-900, Brazil.
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229
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Oh SH, Kim HN, Park HJ, Shin JY, Bae EJ, Sunwoo MK, Lee SJ, Lee PH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Transmission of α-Synuclein by Modulating Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in a Parkinsonian Model. Cell Rep 2016; 14:835-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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230
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Forster JI, Köglsberger S, Trefois C, Boyd O, Baumuratov AS, Buck L, Balling R, Antony PMA. Characterization of Differentiated SH-SY5Y as Neuronal Screening Model Reveals Increased Oxidative Vulnerability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:496-509. [PMID: 26738520 PMCID: PMC4904349 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115625190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The immortalized and proliferative cell line SH-SY5Y is one of the most commonly used cell lines in neuroscience and neuroblastoma research. However, undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells share few properties with mature neurons. In this study, we present an optimized neuronal differentiation protocol for SH-SY5Y that requires only two work steps and 6 days. After differentiation, the cells present increased levels of ATP and plasma membrane activity but reduced expression of energetic stress response genes. Differentiation results in reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased robustness toward perturbations with 6-hydroxydopamine. We are convinced that the presented differentiation method will leverage genetic and chemical high-throughput screening projects targeting pathways that are involved in the selective vulnerability of neurons with high energetic stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Forster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - S Köglsberger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - C Trefois
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - O Boyd
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - A S Baumuratov
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - L Buck
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - R Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - P M A Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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231
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Schmitt M, Dehay B, Bezard E, Garcia-Ladona FJ. Harnessing the trophic and modulatory potential of statins in a dopaminergic cell line. Synapse 2016; 70:71-86. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schmitt
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, New Medicines, UCB Biopharma SPRL; 1420 Braine L'alleud Belgium
- University De Bordeaux, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 Bordeaux 33000 France
- CNRS, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 Bordeaux 33000 France
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- University De Bordeaux, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 Bordeaux 33000 France
- CNRS, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 Bordeaux 33000 France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- University De Bordeaux, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 Bordeaux 33000 France
- CNRS, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives; UMR 5293 Bordeaux 33000 France
| | - F. Javier Garcia-Ladona
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, New Medicines, UCB Biopharma SPRL; 1420 Braine L'alleud Belgium
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232
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The unfolded protein response in the therapeutic effect of hydroxy-DHA against Alzheimer's disease. Apoptosis 2015; 20:712-24. [PMID: 25663172 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy are two cellular processes involved in the clearing of intracellular misfolded proteins. Both pathways are targets for molecules that may serve as treatments for several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present work, we show that 2-hydroxy-DHA (HDHA), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derivate that restores cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of AD, modulates UPR and autophagy in differentiated neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Mild therapeutic HDHA exposure induced UPR activation, characterized by the up-regulation of the molecular chaperone Bip as well as PERK-mediated stimulation of eIF2α phosphorylation. Key proteins involved in initiating autophagy, such as beclin-1, and several Atg proteins involved in autophagosome maturation (Atg3, Atg5, Atg12 and Atg7), were also up-regulated on exposure to HDHA. Moreover, when HDHA-mediated autophagy was studied after amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) stimulation to mimic the neurotoxic environment of AD, it was associated with increased cell survival, suggesting that HDHA driven modulation of this process at least in part mediates the neuroprotective effects of this new anti-neurodegenerative drug. The present results in part explain the pharmacological effects of HDHA inducing full recovery of the cognitive scores in murine models of AD.
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233
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Park JH, Ko J, Hwang J, Koh HC. Dynamin-related protein 1 mediates mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in chlorpyrifos-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:145-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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234
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de Oliveira MR, Ferreira GC, Schuck PF, Dal Bosco SM. Role for the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the protective effects of carnosic acid against methylglyoxal-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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235
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Differential Expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Protein and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Differentiated and Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells Treated with MPP(.). Neurol Res Int 2015; 2015:734703. [PMID: 26634154 PMCID: PMC4655072 DOI: 10.1155/2015/734703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line has been used as a dopaminergic cell model for Parkinson's disease research. Whether undifferentiated or differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are more suitable remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the expression of apoptosis-related mRNAs activated by MPP+ and evaluate the differential expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in undifferentiated and retinoic acid- (RA-) induced differentiated cells. The western blot results showed a gradual decrease in TH in undifferentiated cells and a gradual increase in TH in differentiated cells from days 4 to 10 after cell plating. Immunostaining revealed a gradual increase in TH along with neuritic outgrowth in differentiated cells on days 4 and 7 of RA treatment. For the study on cell susceptibility to MPP+ and the expression of apoptosis-related genes, MTT assay showed a decrease in cell viability to approximately 50% requiring 500 and 1000 μM of MPP+ for undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells, respectively. Using real-time RT-PCR, treatment with 500 μM MPP+ led to significant increases in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, p53, and caspase-3 in undifferentiated cells but was without significance in differentiated cells. In conclusion, differentiated cells may be more suitable, and the shorter duration of RA differentiation may make the SH-SY5Y cell model more accessible.
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236
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Piotrowski M, Jantas D, Szczepanowicz K, Łukasiewicz S, Lasoń W, Warszyński P. Polyelectrolyte-coated nanocapsules containing undecylenic acid: Synthesis, biocompatibility and neuroprotective properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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237
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Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cabana-Domínguez J, Soriano J, Sànchez-Mora C, Roncero C, Grau-López L, Ros-Cucurull E, Daigre C, van Donkelaar MMJ, Franke B, Casas M, Ribasés M, Cormand B. Transcriptomic and genetic studies identify NFAT5 as a candidate gene for cocaine dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e667. [PMID: 26506053 PMCID: PMC4930134 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine reward and reinforcing effects are mediated mainly by dopaminergic neurotransmission. In this study, we aimed at evaluating gene expression changes induced by acute cocaine exposure on SH-SY5Y-differentiated cells, which have been widely used as a dopaminergic neuronal model. Expression changes and a concomitant increase in neuronal activity were observed after a 5 μM cocaine exposure, whereas no changes in gene expression or in neuronal activity took place at 1 μM cocaine. Changes in gene expression were identified in a total of 756 genes, mainly related to regulation of transcription and gene expression, cell cycle, adhesion and cell projection, as well as mitogen-activeated protein kinase (MAPK), CREB, neurotrophin and neuregulin signaling pathways. Some genes displaying altered expression were subsequently targeted with predicted functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case-control association study in a sample of 806 cocaine-dependent patients and 817 controls. This study highlighted associations between cocaine dependence and five SNPs predicted to alter microRNA binding at the 3'-untranslated region of the NFAT5 gene. The association of SNP rs1437134 with cocaine dependence survived the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. A functional effect was confirmed for this variant by a luciferase reporter assay, with lower expression observed for the rs1437134G allele, which was more pronounced in the presence of hsa-miR-509. However, brain volumes in regions of relevance to addiction, as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, did not correlate with NFAT5 variation. These results suggest that the NFAT5 gene, which is upregulated a few hours after cocaine exposure, may be involved in the genetic predisposition to cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Soriano
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Sànchez-Mora
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ros-Cucurull
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Daigre
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M J van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Agència de Salut Pública, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ribasés
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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238
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A new method to effectively and rapidly generate neurons from SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosci Lett 2015; 610:43-7. [PMID: 26497914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that neurons differentiated from SH-SY5Y cells can serve as cell models for neuroscience research; i.e., neurotoxicity and tolerance to morphine in vitro. To differentiate SH-SY5Y cells into neurons, RA (retinoic acid) is commonly used to produce the inductive effect. However, the percentage of neuronal cells produced from SH-SY5Y cells is low, either from the use of RA treatment alone or from the combined application of RA and other chemicals. In the current study, we used CM-hNSCs (conditioned medium of human neural stem cells) as the combinational inducer with RA to prompt neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. We found that neuronal differentiation was improved and that neurons were greatly increased in the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells using a combined treatment of CM-hNSCs and RA compared to RA treatment alone. The neuronal percentage was higher than 80% (about 88%) on the 3rd day and about 91% on the 7th day examined after a combined treatment with CM-hNSCs and RA. Cell maturation and neurite growth of these neuronal cells were also improved. In addition, the use of CM-hNSCs inhibited the apoptosis of RA-treated SH-SY5Y cells in culture. We are the first to report the use of CM-hNSCs in combination with RA to induce neuronal differentiation of RA-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Our method can rapidly and effectively promote the neuronal production of SH-SY5Y cells in culture conditions.
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239
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Thomas MG, Marwood RM, Parsons AE, Parsons RB. The effect of foetal bovine serum supplementation upon the lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay: Important considerations for in vitro toxicity analysis. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:300-8. [PMID: 26498060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay is a commonly-used tool for assessing toxicity in vitro. However, anecdotal reports suggest that foetal bovine serum (FBS) may contain LDH at concentrations significant enough to interfere with the assay and thus reduce its sensitivity. A series of experiments were performed to determine whether addition of FBS to culture medium significantly elevated culture media LDH content, and whether replacement of FBS with heat inactivated foetal bovine serum (HI-FBS) reduced LDH content and interfered with cell response to cytotoxic challenge. The addition of FBS at 5, 10 and 15% final concentrations increased culture medium LDH content in a dose-dependent manner. The substitution of HI-FBS for FBS reduced culture medium LDH content and increased the dynamic range of the assay. Cell viability of the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma and N27 rat mesencephalic neurone cell lines were significantly reduced as measured using the MTT reduction assay, whilst HI-FBS only affected toxicity response in a cell- and toxin-specific manner, although these effects were small. Hence, for cell lines with a high FBS requirement, the use of HI-FBS or alternative toxicity assays can be considered, or the use of alternative formulations, such as chemically-defined serum-free media, be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Thomas
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanne M Marwood
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E Parsons
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Parsons
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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240
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Filograna R, Civiero L, Ferrari V, Codolo G, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Beltramini M, Bisaglia M. Analysis of the Catecholaminergic Phenotype in Human SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 Neuroblastoma Cell Lines upon Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136769. [PMID: 26317353 PMCID: PMC4552590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell lines are often used to investigate cellular pathways relevant for physiological or pathological processes or to evaluate cell toxicity or protection induced by different compounds, including potential drugs. In this study, we analyzed and compared the differentiating activities of three agents (retinoic acid, staurosporine and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cell lines; the first cell line is largely used in the field of neuroscience, while the second is still poorly characterized. After evaluating their effects in terms of cell proliferation and morphology, we investigated their catecholaminergic properties by assessing the expression profiles of the major genes involved in catecholamine synthesis and storage and the cellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline. Our results demonstrate that the two cell lines possess similar abilities to differentiate and acquire a neuron-like morphology. The most evident effects in SH-SY5Y cells were observed in the presence of staurosporine, while in BE(2)-M17 cells, retinoic acid induced the strongest effects. Undifferentiated SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 cells are characterized by the production of both NA and DA, but their levels are considerably higher in BE(2)-M17 cells. Moreover, the NAergic phenotype appears to be more pronounced in SH-SY5Y cells, while BE(2)-M17 cells have a more prominent DAergic phenotype. Finally, the catecholamine concentration strongly increases upon differentiation induced by staurosporine in both cell lines. In conclusion, in this work the catecholaminergic phenotype of the human BE(2)-M17 cell line upon differentiation was characterized for the first time. Our data suggest that SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-M17 represent two alternative cell models for the neuroscience field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Filograna
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Civiero
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanni Ferrari
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariano Beltramini
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (M. Beltramini); (M. Bisaglia)
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (M. Beltramini); (M. Bisaglia)
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241
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Andersson H, Björnström K, Eintrei C, Sundqvist T. Orexin a phosphorylates the γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptor β2 subunit on a serine residue and changes the surface expression of the receptor in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to propofol. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1748-55. [PMID: 26283475 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Propofol activates the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA R) and causes a reversible neurite retraction, leaving a thin, thread-like structure behind; it also reverses the transport of vesicles in rat cortical neurons. The awakening peptide orexin A (OA) inhibits this retraction via phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase Cɛ (PKCɛ). The human SH-SY5Y cells express both GABAA Rs and orexin 1 and 2 receptors. These cells are used to examine the interaction between OA and the GABAA R. The effects of OA are studied with flow cytometry and immunoblotting. This study shows that OA stimulates phosphorylation on the serine residues of the GABAA R β2 subunit and that the phosphorylation is caused by the activation of PLD and PKCɛ. OA administration followed by propofol reduces the cell surface expression of the GABAA R, whereas propofol stimulation before OA increases the surface expression. The GABAA R β2 subunit is important for receptor recirculation, and the effect of OA on propofol-stimulated cells may be due to a disturbed recirculation of the GABAA R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Andersson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Björnström
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christina Eintrei
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Sundqvist
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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242
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Kim J, Yeon J, Choi SK, Huh YH, Fang Z, Park SJ, Kim MO, Ryoo ZY, Kang K, Kweon HS, Jeon WB, Li C, Kim K. The Evolutionarily Conserved LIM Homeodomain Protein LIM-4/LHX6 Specifies the Terminal Identity of a Cholinergic and Peptidergic C. elegans Sensory/Inter/Motor Neuron-Type. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005480. [PMID: 26305787 PMCID: PMC4549117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of specific transcription factors determines the differentiated features of postmitotic neurons. However, the mechanism by which specific molecules determine neuronal cell fate and the extent to which the functions of transcription factors are conserved in evolution are not fully understood. In C. elegans, the cholinergic and peptidergic SMB sensory/inter/motor neurons innervate muscle quadrants in the head and control the amplitude of sinusoidal movement. Here we show that the LIM homeobox protein LIM-4 determines neuronal characteristics of the SMB neurons. In lim-4 mutant animals, expression of terminal differentiation genes, such as the cholinergic gene battery and the flp-12 neuropeptide gene, is completely abolished and thus the function of the SMB neurons is compromised. LIM-4 activity promotes SMB identity by directly regulating the expression of the SMB marker genes via a distinct cis-regulatory motif. Two human LIM-4 orthologs, LHX6 and LHX8, functionally substitute for LIM-4 in C. elegans. Furthermore, C. elegans LIM-4 or human LHX6 can induce cholinergic and peptidergic characteristics in the human neuronal cell lines. Our results indicate that the evolutionarily conserved LIM-4/LHX6 homeodomain proteins function in generation of precise neuronal subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmahn Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Jihye Yeon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Division of NanoBio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zi Fang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Seo Jin Park
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus program), School of Animal BT Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus program), School of Animal BT Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zae Young Ryoo
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group (BK21 plus program), School of Animal BT Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Kweon
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Won Bae Jeon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Division of NanoBio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Chris Li
- Department of Biology, City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kyuhyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
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243
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Toxic Oligomeric Alpha-Synuclein Variants Present in Human Parkinson's Disease Brains Are Differentially Generated in Mammalian Cell Models. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1634-51. [PMID: 26287258 PMCID: PMC4598768 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein into toxic soluble oligomeric α-synuclein aggregates has been strongly correlated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we show that two different morphologically distinct oligomeric α-synuclein aggregates are present in human post-mortem PD brain tissue and are responsible for the bulk of α-synuclein induced toxicity in brain homogenates from PD samples. Two antibody fragments that selectively bind the different oligomeric α-synuclein variants block this α-synuclein induced toxicity and are useful tools to probe how various cell models replicate the α-synuclein aggregation pattern of human PD brain. Using these reagents, we show that mammalian cell type strongly influences α-synuclein aggregation, where neuronal cells best replicate the PD brain α-synuclein aggregation profile. Overexpression of α-synuclein in the different cell lines increased protein aggregation but did not alter the morphology of the oligomeric aggregates generated. Differentiation of the neuronal cells into a cholinergic-like or dopaminergic-like phenotype increased the levels of oligomeric α-synuclein where the aggregates were localized in cell neurites and cell bodies.
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244
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Tan CSH, Ng YK, Ong WY. Epigenetic Regulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3854-3872. [PMID: 26162318 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 or PLA2G4A) is a key enzyme that contributes to inflammation via the generation of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids. While much is known about regulation of cPLA2 by posttranslational modification such as phosphorylation, little is known about its epigenetic regulation. In this study, treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA), valproic acid, tubacin and the class I HDAC inhibitor, MS-275, were found to increase cPLA2α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Co-treatment of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, anacardic acid, modulated upregulation of cPLA2α induced by TSA. Specific involvement of class I HDACs and HAT in cPLA2α regulation was further shown, and a Tip60-specific HAT inhibitor, NU9056, modulated the upregulation of cPLA2α induced by MS-275. In addition, co-treatment of with histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitor, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) suppressed TSA-induced cPLA2α upregulation. The above changes in cPLA2 mRNA expression were reflected at the protein level by Western blots and immunocytochemistry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed TSA increased binding of trimethylated H3K4 to the proximal promoter region of the cPLA2α gene. Cell injury after TSA treatment as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was modulated by anacardic acid, and a role of cPLA2 in mediating TSA-induced injury shown, after co-incubation with the cPLA2 selective inhibitor, arachidonoyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3). Together, results indicate epigenetic regulation of cPLA2 and the potential of such regulation for treatment of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Siew-Hon Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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245
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Bobermin LD, Wartchow KM, Flores MP, Leite MC, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Ammonia-induced oxidative damage in neurons is prevented by resveratrol and lipoic acid with participation of heme oxygenase 1. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:28-35. [PMID: 26003724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a metabolite that, at high concentrations, is implicated in neurological disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which is associated with acute or chronic liver failure. Astrocytes are considered the primary target of ammonia toxicity in the central nervous system (CNS) because glutamine synthetase (GS), responsible for ammonia metabolism in CNS, is an astrocytic enzyme. Thus, neuronal dysfunction has been associated as secondary to astrocytic impairment. However, we demonstrated that ammonia can induce direct effects on neuronal cells. The cell viability was decreased by ammonia in SH-SY5Y cells and cerebellar granule neurons. In addition, ammonia induced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased GSH intracellular content, the main antioxidant in CNS. As ammonia neurotoxicity is strongly associated with oxidative stress, we also investigated the potential neuroprotective roles of the antioxidants, resveratrol (RSV) and lipoic acid (LA), against ammonia toxicity in cerebellar granule neurons. RSV and LA were able to prevent the oxidative damage induced by ammonia, maintaining the levels of ROS production and GSH close to basal values. Both antioxidants also decreased ROS production and increased GSH content under basal conditions (in the absence of ammonia). Moreover, we showed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), a protein associated with protection against stress conditions, is involved in the beneficial effects of RSV and LA in cerebellar granule neurons. Thus, this study reinforces the neuroprotective effects of RSV and LA. Although more studies in vivo are required, RSV and LA could represent interesting therapeutic strategies for the management of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Krista Minéia Wartchow
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marianne Pires Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Concli Leite
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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246
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Jantas D, Greda A, Leskiewicz M, Grygier B, Pilc A, Lason W. Neuroprotective effects of mGluR II and III activators against staurosporine- and doxorubicin-induced cellular injury in SH-SY5Y cells: New evidence for a mechanism involving inhibition of AIF translocation. Neurochem Int 2015; 88:124-37. [PMID: 25661514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are several experimental data sets demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of activation of group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR II/III), however, their effect on neuronal apoptotic processes has yet to be fully recognized. Thus, the comparison of the neuroprotective potency of the mGluR II agonist LY354740, mGluR III agonist ACPT-I, mGluR4 PAM VU0361737, mGluR8 PAM AZ12216052 and allosteric mGluR7 agonist AMN082 against staurosporine (St-) and doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cell death has been performed in undifferentiated (UN-) and retinoic acid differentiated (RA-) human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The highest neuroprotection in UN-SH-SY5Y cells was noted for AZ12216052 (0.01-1 µM) and VU0361737 (1-10 µM), with both agents partially attenuating the St- and Dox-evoked cell death. LY354740 (0.01-10 µM) and ACPT-I (10 µM) were protective only against the St-evoked cell damage, whereas AMN082 (0.001-0.01 µM) attenuated only the Dox-induced cell death. In RA-SH-SY5Y, a moderate neuroprotective response of mGluR II/III activators was observed for LY354740 (10 µM) and AZ12216052 (0.01 and 10 µM), which afforded protection only against the St-induced cell damage. The protection mediated by mGluR II/III activators against the St- and Dox-evoked cell death in UN-SH-SY5Y cells was not related to attenuation of caspase-3 activity, however, a decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei was found. Moreover, mGluR II/III activators attenuated the cytosolic level of the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which was increased after St and Dox exposure. Our data point to differential neuroprotective efficacy of various mGluR II/III activators in attenuating St- and Dox-evoked cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells, and dependence of the effects on the cellular differentiation state, as well on the type of the pro-apoptotic agent that is employed. Moreover, the neuroprotection mediated by mGluR II/III activators is accompanied by inhibition of caspase-3-independent DNA fragmentation evoked by AIF translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland.
| | - A Greda
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - M Leskiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - B Grygier
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - A Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - W Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
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247
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Liu Y, Neely E, Simmons Z, Connor JR. Adaptive endoplasmic reticulum stress alters cellular responses to the extracellular milieu. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:766-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery; Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology; Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery; Pennsylvania State University, M.S. Hershey Medical Center; Hershey Pennsylvania
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248
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
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249
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Ahmed N, Shirinfar B, Miriyala VM, Choi SK, Lee KM, Jeon WB, Park YS, Nam HG. A new selective ‘turn-on’ small fluorescent cationic probe for recognition of RNA in cells. Supramol Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2014.989851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich (UZH), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich (UZH), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vijay Madhav Miriyala
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang790-784, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg2006, South Africa
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Division of NanoBio Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu711-873, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Min Lee
- Division of NanoBio Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu711-873, South Korea
| | - Won Bae Jeon
- Division of NanoBio Technology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu711-873, South Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Center for Core Research Facilities, DGIST, Daegu711-873, South Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu711-873, South Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu711-873, South Korea
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250
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Chew WS, Ong WY. Regulation of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Expression by Adrenoceptors and Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-Potential Crosstalk Between Sterol and Glycerophospholipid Mediators. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:500-517. [PMID: 25482049 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) is an 85-kDa enzyme that releases docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from glycerophospholipids. DHA can be metabolized to resolvins and neuroprotectins that have anti-inflammatory properties and effects on neural plasticity. Recent studies show an important role of prefrontal cortical iPLA2 in hippocampo-prefrontal cortical LTP and antidepressant-like effect of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) antidepressant, maprotiline. In this study, we elucidated the cellular mechanisms through which stimulation of adrenergic receptors could lead to increased iPLA2 expression. Treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with maprotiline, another tricyclic antidepressant with noradrenaline reuptake inhibiting properties, nortriptyline, and the adrenergic receptor agonist, phenylephrine, resulted in increased iPLA2β mRNA expression. This increase was blocked by inhibitors to alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP). Maprotiline and phenylephrine induced binding of SREBP-2 to sterol regulatory element (SRE) region on the iPLA2 promoter, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Together, results indicate that stimulation of adrenoreceptors causes increased iPLA2 expression via MAP kinase/ERK 1/2 and SREBP, and suggest a possible mechanism for effect of CNS noradrenaline on neural plasticity and crosstalk between sterol and glycerophospholipid mediators, that may play a role in physiological or pathophysiological processes in the brain and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee-Siong Chew
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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