201
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Jiang M, Xu B, Li X, Shang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Chen D, Wu N, Hu S, Zhang S, Li M, Wu K, Yang X, Liang J, Nie Y, Fan D. O-GlcNAcylation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via the miR-101-O-GlcNAc/EZH2 regulatory feedback circuit. Oncogene 2019; 38:301-316. [PMID: 30093632 PMCID: PMC6336687 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is extremely low. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered essential for metastatic CRC, but the fundamental molecular basis underlying this effect remains unknown. Here, we identified that O-GlcNAcylation, a unique posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming, increased the metastatic capability of CRC. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation were increased in the metastatic CRC tissues and cell lines, which likely promoted the EMT by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. The CRC patients with higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation exhibited greater lymph node metastasis potential and lower overall survival. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that both O-GlcNAcylation transferase (OGT) and EZH2 are posttranscriptionally inhibited by microRNA-101. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation and H3K27me3 modification in the miR-101 promoter region further inhibited the transcription of miR-101, resulting in the upregulation of OGT and EZH2 in metastatic CRC, thus forming a vicious cycle. In this study, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation, which is negatively regulated by microRNA-101, likely promotes CRC metastasis by enhancing EZH2 protein stability and function. Reducing O-GlcNAcylation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengbin Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of molecular cellular and developmental biology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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202
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Epigenetic Regulation of EMT (Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition) and Tumor Aggressiveness: A View on Paradoxical Roles of KDM6B and EZH2. EPIGENOMES 2018; 3:epigenomes3010001. [PMID: 34991274 PMCID: PMC8594212 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) is a plastic phenomenon involved in metastasis formation. Its plasticity is conferred in a great part by its epigenetic regulation. It has been reported that the trimethylation of lysine 27 histone H3 (H3K27me3) was a master regulator of EMT through two antagonist enzymes that regulate this mark, the methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) and the lysine demethylase KDM6B (lysine femethylase 6B). Here we report that EZH2 and KDM6B are overexpressed in numerous cancers and involved in the aggressive phenotype and EMT in various cell lines by regulating a specific subset of genes. The first paradoxical role of these enzymes is that they are antagonistic, but both involved in cancer aggressiveness and EMT. The second paradoxical role of EZH2 and KDM6B during EMT and cancer aggressiveness is that they are also inactivated or under-expressed in some cancer types and linked to epithelial phenotypes in other cancer cell lines. We also report that new cancer therapeutic strategies are targeting KDM6B and EZH2, but the specificity of these treatments may be increased by learning more about the mechanisms of action of these enzymes and their specific partners or target genes in different cancer types.
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203
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Increased expression of EZH2 indicates aggressive potential of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17792. [PMID: 30542123 PMCID: PMC6290761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we attempt to better define the long-term outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma (UC) in a Chinese population and to investigate the relationship between EZH2 protein expression levels and the clinicopathological parameters and outcomes in patients with UC. We detected the relative EZH2 protein expression levels by immunohistochemistry in tumour specimens from a cohort of 189 Chinese UC patients. In patients who underwent RC, the 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were 69% and 61% respectively. EZH2 expression was increased in UC compared with normal urothelium. The expression levels of EZH2 were elevated in parallel with tumour stage (p = 0.001) and tumour grade (p = 0.001) and were increased in cases with lymph node metastasis compared with node-negative cases (p = 0.018). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that higher EZH2 expression was related to significantly shorter CSS and OS in patients who underwent RC. High EZH2 expression was associated with worse CSS (HR = 3.51; p = 0.037) and OS (HR = 2.15; p = 0.047) in the univariate analysis, but only lymph node invasion maintained its predictive value for CSS in a multivariate model. This contemporary and homogeneous single-centre series found acceptable outcomes for Chinese UC patients who underwent RC. Clinically, our retrospective studies suggest that EZH2 levels can be used to identify more aggressive phenotypes in UC patients, thereby improving our prognostic knowledge.
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204
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Gonzalez-Junca A, Driscoll KE, Pellicciotta I, Du S, Lo CH, Roy R, Parry R, Tenvooren I, Marquez DM, Spitzer MH, Barcellos-Hoff MH. Autocrine TGFβ Is a Survival Factor for Monocytes and Drives Immunosuppressive Lineage Commitment. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 7:306-320. [PMID: 30538091 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is an effector of immune suppression and contributes to a permissive tumor microenvironment that compromises effective immunotherapy. We identified a correlation between TGFB1 and genes expressed by myeloid cells, but not granulocytes, in The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma data, in which high TGFB1 expression was associated with poor survival. To determine whether TGFβ affected cell fate decisions and lineage commitment, we studied primary cultures of CD14+ monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors. We discovered that TGFβ was a survival factor for CD14+ monocytes, which rapidly executed an apoptotic program in its absence. Continued exposure to TGFβ in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 6 (IL6) amplified HLA-DRlowCD14+CD11b+CD33+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) at the expense of macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. MDSCs generated in the presence of TGFβ were more effective in suppressing T-cell proliferation and promoted the T regulatory cell phenotype. In contrast, inhibition of TGFβ signaling using a small-molecule inhibitor of receptor kinase activity in CD14+ monocytes treated with GM-CSF and IL6 decreased MDSC differentiation and increased differentiation to proinflammatory macrophages and antigen-presenting DCs. The effect of autocrine and paracrine TGFβ on myeloid cell survival and lineage commitment suggests that pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ-dependent signaling in cancer would favor antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gonzalez-Junca
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kyla E Driscoll
- TGFβ and Tumor Microenvironment, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Ilenia Pellicciotta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shisuo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chen Hao Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ritu Roy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Computational Biology and Informatics (CBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Renate Parry
- Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Diana M Marquez
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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205
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Fu Y, Guo F, Chen H, Lin Y, Fu X, Zhang H, Ding M. Core needle biopsy promotes lung metastasis of breast cancer: An experimental study. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 10:253-260. [PMID: 30680204 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Core needle biopsy (CNB) may be used to diagnose early-stage breast cancer, but it may increase the risk of distant metastasis of tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of CNB on the distant metastasis of breast cancer. A total of 30 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups, namely biopsy and non-biopsy groups. The biopsy-related lung metastasis model (biopsy group) was established by the inoculation in the mammary fat pad of the mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 combined with CNB. Flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, morphological analysis, as well as other techniques, were used to evaluate the biological behavior of the tumors in the mouse model. A stable and reliable lung metastasis model of breast cancer was successfully established. The number of metastatic lung nodules in the biopsy group was significantly higher compared with that in the non-biopsy group (P<0.05). Compared with the non-biopsy group, the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, SOX4 and Ezh2 in the biopsy group was significantly upregulated (P<0.05) and the number of natural killer (NK) cells detected by flow cytometry was increased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Therefore, CNB was found to promote the lung metastasis of breast cancer, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediated by the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Fu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Fangming Guo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Lin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Department of Medical Sciences, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals Center, Jinhua Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Department of Medical Sciences, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321007, P.R. China
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206
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Almanza G, Rodvold JJ, Tsui B, Jepsen K, Carter H, Zanetti M. Extracellular vesicles produced in B cells deliver tumor suppressor miR-335 to breast cancer cells disrupting oncogenic programming in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17581. [PMID: 30514916 PMCID: PMC6279829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of miRNA (miR) therapies in humans will ultimately rely on the use of vehicles with improved cellular delivery capability. Here we tested a new system that leverages extracellular vesicles (EVs) laden with a tumor suppressor miRNA (miR-335) produced in B cells by plasmid DNA induction (iEVs). We demonstrate that iEVs-335 efficiently and durably restored the endogenous miR-335 pool in human triple negative breast cancer cells, downregulated the expression of the miR-335 target gene SOX4 transcription factor, and markedly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Remarkably, iEVs-335 mediated transcriptional effects that persisted in tumors after 60 days post orthotopic implantation. Genome-wide RNASeq analysis of cancer cells treated in vitro with iEVs-335 showed the regulation of a discrete number of genes only, without broad transcriptome perturbations. This new technology may be ideally suited for therapies aimed to restore tumor suppressor miRNAs in cancer cells, disrupting the oncogenic program established after escape from miRNA control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Almanza
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Rodvold
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA
| | - Brian Tsui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- IGM Genomics Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA.
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207
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Vervoort SJ, de Jong OG, Roukens MG, Frederiks CL, Vermeulen JF, Lourenço AR, Bella L, Vidakovic AT, Sandoval JL, Moelans C, van Amersfoort M, Dallman MJ, Bruna A, Caldas C, Nieuwenhuis E, van der Wall E, Derksen P, van Diest P, Verhaar MC, Lam EWF, Mokry M, Coffer PJ. Global transcriptional analysis identifies a novel role for SOX4 in tumor-induced angiogenesis. eLife 2018; 7:e27706. [PMID: 30507376 PMCID: PMC6277201 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the transcription factor SOX4 is increased in many human cancers, however, the pro-oncogenic capacity of SOX4 can vary greatly depending on the type of tumor. Both the contextual nature and the mechanisms underlying the pro-oncogenic SOX4 response remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that in mammary tumorigenesis, the SOX4 transcriptional network is dictated by the epigenome and is enriched for pro-angiogenic processes. We show that SOX4 directly regulates endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression and can thereby promote tumor-induced angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in breast tumors, SOX4 expression correlates with blood vessel density and size, and predicts poor-prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Our data provide novel mechanistic insights into context-dependent SOX4 target gene selection, and uncover a novel pro-oncogenic role for this transcription factor in promoting tumor-induced angiogenesis. These findings establish a key role for SOX4 in promoting metastasis through exploiting diverse pro-tumorigenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephin J Vervoort
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Olivier G de Jong
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M Guy Roukens
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Cynthia L Frederiks
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F Vermeulen
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Lourenço
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Bella
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - José L Sandoval
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Cathy Moelans
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Margaret J Dallman
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Cell and Molecular BiologyImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing CentreCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Derksen
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul van Diest
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Michal Mokry
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul J Coffer
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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208
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Lee CH. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Initiation by cues from chronic inflammatory tumor microenvironment and termination by anti-inflammatory compounds and specialized pro-resolving lipids. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:261-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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209
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Vervoort SJ, Lourenço A, Tufegdzic Vidakovic A, Mocholi E, Sandoval J, Rueda OM, Frederiks C, Pals C, Peeters JGC, Caldas C, Bruna A, Coffer PJ. SOX4 can redirect TGF-β-mediated SMAD3-transcriptional output in a context-dependent manner to promote tumorigenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:9578-9590. [PMID: 30137431 PMCID: PMC6182182 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the transcription factor SOX4 is often elevated in human cancers, where it generally correlates with tumor-progression and poor-disease outcome. Reduction of SOX4 expression results in both diminished tumor-incidence and metastasis. In breast cancer, TGF-β-mediated induction of SOX4 has been shown to contribute to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which controls pro-metastatic events. Here, we identify SMAD3 as a novel, functionally relevant SOX4 interaction partner. Genome-wide analysis showed that SOX4 and SMAD3 co-occupy a large number of genomic loci in a cell-type specific manner. Moreover, SOX4 expression was required for TGF-β-mediated induction of a subset of SMAD3/SOX4-co-bound genes regulating migration and extracellular matrix-associated processes, and correlating with poor-prognosis. These findings identify SOX4 as an important SMAD3 co-factor controlling transcription of pro-metastatic genes and context-dependent shaping of the cellular response to TGF-β. Targeted disruption of the interaction between these factors may have the potential to disrupt pro-oncogenic TGF-β signaling, thereby impairing tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephin J Vervoort
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Lourenço
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Enric Mocholi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José L Sandoval
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Cynthia Frederiks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelieke Pals
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke G C Peeters
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3484 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Paul J Coffer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3484 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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210
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Tiwari N, Pataskar A, Péron S, Thakurela S, Sahu SK, Figueres-Oñate M, Marichal N, López-Mascaraque L, Tiwari VK, Berninger B. Stage-Specific Transcription Factors Drive Astrogliogenesis by Remodeling Gene Regulatory Landscapes. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:557-571.e8. [PMID: 30290178 PMCID: PMC6179960 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A broad molecular framework of how neural stem cells are specified toward astrocyte fate during brain development has proven elusive. Here we perform comprehensive and integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses to delineate gene regulatory programs that drive the developmental trajectory from mouse embryonic stem cells to astrocytes. We report molecularly distinct phases of astrogliogenesis that exhibit stage- and lineage-specific transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures with unique primed and active chromatin regions, thereby revealing regulatory elements and transcriptional programs underlying astrocyte generation and maturation. By searching for transcription factors that function at these elements, we identified NFIA and ATF3 as drivers of astrocyte differentiation from neural precursor cells while RUNX2 promotes astrocyte maturation. These transcription factors facilitate stage-specific gene expression programs by switching the chromatin state of their target regulatory elements from primed to active. Altogether, these findings provide integrated insights into the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms steering the trajectory of astrogliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tiwari
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Péron
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nicolás Marichal
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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211
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Meyer-Schaller N, Heck C, Tiede S, Yilmaz M, Christofori G. Foxf2 plays a dual role during transforming growth factor beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition by promoting apoptosis yet enabling cell junction dissolution and migration. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:118. [PMID: 30285803 PMCID: PMC6167826 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most life-threatening step during malignant tumor progression is reached when cancer cells leave the primary tumor mass and seed metastasis in distant organs. To infiltrate the surrounding tissue and disseminate throughout the body, single motile tumor cells leave the tumor mass by breaking down cell-cell contacts in a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). An EMT is a complex molecular and cellular program enabling epithelial cells to abandon their differentiated phenotype, including cell-cell adhesion and cell polarity, and to acquire mesenchymal features and invasive properties. Methods We employed gene expression profiling and functional experiments to study transcriptional control of transforming growth factor (TGF)β-induced EMT in normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells. Results We identified that expression of the transcription factor forkhead box protein F2 (Foxf2) is upregulated during the EMT process. Although it is not required to gain mesenchymal markers, Foxf2 is essential for the disruption of cell junctions and the downregulation of epithelial markers in NMuMG cells treated with TGFβ. Foxf2 is critical for the downregulation of E-cadherin by promoting the expression of the transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin, Zeb1 and Zeb2, while repressing expression of the epithelial maintenance factor Id2 and miRNA 200 family members. Moreover, Foxf2 is required for TGFβ-mediated apoptosis during EMT by the transcriptional activation of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Noxa and by the negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated survival signaling through direct repression of its ligands betacellulin and amphiregulin. The dual function of Foxf2 during EMT is underscored by the finding that high Foxf2 expression correlates with good prognosis in patients with early noninvasive stages of breast cancer, but with poor prognosis in advanced breast cancer. Conclusions Our data identify the transcription factor Foxf2 as one of the important regulators of EMT, displaying a dual function in promoting tumor cell apoptosis as well as tumor cell migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1043-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Meyer-Schaller
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Heck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Integra Biosciences AG, Zizers, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tiede
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
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212
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Bhambri A, Dhaunta N, Patel SS, Hardikar M, Bhatt A, Srikakulam N, Shridhar S, Vellarikkal S, Pandey R, Jayarajan R, Verma A, Kumar V, Gautam P, Khanna Y, Khan JA, Fromm B, Peterson KJ, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Pillai B. Large scale changes in the transcriptome of Eisenia fetida during regeneration. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204234. [PMID: 30260966 PMCID: PMC6160089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. Herein, we report the transcriptomic changes in Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate) during regeneration. Following injury, E. fetida regenerates the posterior segments in a time spanning several weeks. We analyzed gene expression changes both in the newly regenerating cells and in the adjacent tissue, at early (15days post amputation), intermediate (20days post amputation) and late (30 days post amputation) by RNAseq based de novo assembly and comparison of transcriptomes. We also generated a draft genome sequence of this terrestrial red worm using short reads and mate-pair reads. An in-depth analysis of the miRNome of the worm showed that many miRNA gene families have undergone extensive duplications. Sox4, a master regulator of TGF-beta mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in the newly regenerated tissue. Genes for several proteins such as sialidases and neurotrophins were identified amongst the differentially expressed transcripts. The regeneration of the ventral nerve cord was also accompanied by the induction of nerve growth factor and neurofilament genes. We identified 315 novel differentially expressed transcripts in the transcriptome, that have no homolog in any other species. Surprisingly, 82% of these novel differentially expressed transcripts showed poor potential for coding proteins, suggesting that novel ncRNAs may play a critical role in regeneration of earthworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksheev Bhambri
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Dhaunta
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Surendra Singh Patel
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
| | - Mitali Hardikar
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Bhatt
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagesh Srikakulam
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shruti Shridhar
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamsudheen Vellarikkal
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Ayurgenomics Unit - TRISUTRA, CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Gautam
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Yukti Khanna
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Bastian Fromm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J. Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
| | - Beena Pillai
- CSIR – Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Mathura Road, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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213
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Bellmunt J. Stem-Like Signature Predicting Disease Progression in Early Stage Bladder Cancer. The Role of E2F3 and SOX4. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030085. [PMID: 30072631 PMCID: PMC6164884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the cancer stem cells (CSC) field, together with powerful genome-wide screening techniques, have provided the basis for the development of future alternative and reliable therapies aimed at targeting tumor-initiating cell populations. Urothelial bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that were identified for the first time in 2009 are heterogenous and originate from multiple cell types; including urothelial stem cells and differentiated cell types—basal, intermediate stratum and umbrella cells Some studies hypothesize that BCSCs do not necessarily arise from normal stem cells but might derive from differentiated progenies following mutational insults and acquisition of tumorigenic properties. Conversely, there is data that normal bladder tissues can generate CSCs through mutations. Prognostic risk stratification by identification of predictive markers is of major importance in the management of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) patients. Several stem cell markers have been linked to recurrence or progression. The CD44v8-10 to standard CD44-ratio (total ratio of all CD44 alternative splicing isoforms) in urothelial cancer has been shown to be closely associated with tumor progression and aggressiveness. ALDH1, has also been reported to be associated with BCSCs and a worse prognosis in a large number of studies. UCC include low-grade and high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Important genetic defects characterize the distinct pathways in each one of the stages and probably grades. As an example, amplification of chromosome 6p22 is one of the most frequent changes seen in MIBC and might act as an early event in tumor progression. Interestingly, among NMIBC there is a much higher rate of amplification in high-grade NMIBC compared to low grade NMIBC. CDKAL1, E2F3 and SOX4 are highly expressed in patients with the chromosomal 6p22 amplification aside from other six well known genes (ID4, MBOAT1, LINC00340, PRL, and HDGFL1). Based on that, SOX4, E2F3 or 6q22.3 amplifications might represent potential targets in this tumor type. Focusing more in SOX4, it seems to exert its critical regulatory functions upstream of the Snail, Zeb, and Twist family of transcriptional inducers of EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition), but without directly affecting their expression as seen in several cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) project. SOX4 gene expression correlates with advanced cancer stages and poor survival rate in bladder cancer, supporting a potential role as a regulator of the bladder CSC properties. SOX4 might serve as a biomarker of the aggressive phenotype, also underlying progression from NMIBC to MIBC. The amplicon in chromosome 6 contains SOX4 and E2F3 and is frequently found amplified in bladder cancer. These genes/amplicons might be a potential target for therapy. As an existing hypothesis is that chromatin deregulation through enhancers or super-enhancers might be the underlying mechanism responsible of this deregulation, a potential way to target these transcription factors could be through epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bellmunt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital del Mar, IMIM (PSMAR-Hospital del Mar Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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214
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Melnik S, Dvornikov D, Müller-Decker K, Depner S, Stannek P, Meister M, Warth A, Thomas M, Muley T, Risch A, Plass C, Klingmüller U, Niehrs C, Glinka A. Cancer cell specific inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by forced intracellular acidification. Cell Discov 2018; 4:37. [PMID: 29977599 PMCID: PMC6028397 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of the diabetes type II drug Metformin is associated with a moderately lowered risk of cancer incidence in numerous tumor entities. Studying the molecular changes associated with the tumor-suppressive action of Metformin we found that the oncogene SOX4, which is upregulated in solid tumors and associated with poor prognosis, was induced by Wnt/β-catenin signaling and blocked by Metformin. Wnt signaling inhibition by Metformin was surprisingly specific for cancer cells. Unraveling the underlying specificity, we identified Metformin and other Mitochondrial Complex I (MCI) inhibitors as inducers of intracellular acidification in cancer cells. We demonstrated that acidification triggers the unfolded protein response to induce the global transcriptional repressor DDIT3, known to block Wnt signaling. Moreover, our results suggest that intracellular acidification universally inhibits Wnt signaling. Based on these findings, we combined MCI inhibitors with H+ ionophores, to escalate cancer cells into intracellular hyper-acidification and ATP depletion. This treatment lowered intracellular pH both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft tumor model, depleted cellular ATP, blocked Wnt signaling, downregulated SOX4, and strongly decreased stemness and viability of cancer cells. Importantly, the inhibition of Wnt signaling occurred downstream of β-catenin, encouraging applications in treatment of cancers caused by APC and β-catenin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Melnik
- 1Division of Epigenetics and Cancer Risks Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany.,2DNA vectors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany
| | - Dmytro Dvornikov
- 3Division of Systems Biology and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany.,4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- 5Tumor Models Unit, Center for Preclinical Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany
| | - Sofia Depner
- 3Division of Systems Biology and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany
| | - Peter Stannek
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- 4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,7Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69126 Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- 4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,8Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- 4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,7Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69126 Germany
| | - Tomas Muley
- 4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,7Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69126 Germany
| | - Angela Risch
- 1Division of Epigenetics and Cancer Risks Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany.,4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,9Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020 Austria.,Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020 Austria
| | - Christoph Plass
- 1Division of Epigenetics and Cancer Risks Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany.,4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- 3Division of Systems Biology and Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany.,4Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany.,11Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, 55128 Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, D-69120 Germany
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215
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TRPM7 controls mesenchymal features of breast cancer cells by tensional regulation of SOX4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2409-2419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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216
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Targeting EZH2 reactivates a breast cancer subtype-specific anti-metastatic transcriptional program. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2547. [PMID: 29959321 PMCID: PMC6026192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has illustrated the importance of epigenomic reprogramming in cancer, with altered post-translational modifications of histones contributing to pathogenesis. However, the contributions of histone modifiers to breast cancer progression are unclear, and how these processes vary between molecular subtypes has yet to be adequately addressed. Here we report that genetic or pharmacological targeting of the epigenetic modifier Ezh2 dramatically hinders metastatic behaviour in both a mouse model of breast cancer and patient-derived xenografts reflective of the Luminal B subtype. We further define a subtype-specific molecular mechanism whereby EZH2 maintains H3K27me3-mediated repression of the FOXC1 gene, thereby inactivating a FOXC1-driven, anti-invasive transcriptional program. We demonstrate that higher FOXC1 is predictive of favourable outcome specifically in Luminal B breast cancer patients and establish the use of EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitors as a viable strategy to block metastasis in Luminal B breast cancer, where options for targeted therapy are limited. Histone modifications in cancer can contribute to pathogenesis. Here, the authors demonstrate that targeting epigenetic modifier Ezh2 hinders metastatic behaviour in Luminal B breast cancer models, and highlight a mechanism where Ezh2 contributes to metastatic behaviour by repression of FOXC1.
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217
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van Dijk D, Sharma R, Nainys J, Yim K, Kathail P, Carr AJ, Burdziak C, Moon KR, Chaffer CL, Pattabiraman D, Bierie B, Mazutis L, Wolf G, Krishnaswamy S, Pe'er D. Recovering Gene Interactions from Single-Cell Data Using Data Diffusion. Cell 2018; 174:716-729.e27. [PMID: 29961576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies suffer from many sources of technical noise, including under-sampling of mRNA molecules, often termed "dropout," which can severely obscure important gene-gene relationships. To address this, we developed MAGIC (Markov affinity-based graph imputation of cells), a method that shares information across similar cells, via data diffusion, to denoise the cell count matrix and fill in missing transcripts. We validate MAGIC on several biological systems and find it effective at recovering gene-gene relationships and additional structures. Applied to the epithilial to mesenchymal transition, MAGIC reveals a phenotypic continuum, with the majority of cells residing in intermediate states that display stem-like signatures, and infers known and previously uncharacterized regulatory interactions, demonstrating that our approach can successfully uncover regulatory relations without perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David van Dijk
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juozas Nainys
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Yim
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pooja Kathail
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ambrose J Carr
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Burdziak
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R Moon
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Bierie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Wolf
- Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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218
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Sasaki A, Abe H, Mochizuki S, Shimoda M, Okada Y. SOX4, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, transactivates ADAM28 gene expression and co-localizes with ADAM28 at the invasive front of human breast and lung carcinomas. Pathol Int 2018; 68:449-458. [PMID: 29882245 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ADAM28 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28) is abundantly expressed by carcinoma cells in the human breast and non-small cell lung carcinomas, and plays a role in carcinoma cell growth and metastasis. Although Src is an inducer of ADAM28 gene expression through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways, direct transcriptional regulators for ADAM28 gene expression remain unknown. In this study, we performed the luciferase reporter assay and found that SOX4 (SRY-related HMG-box 4), an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is a transcriptional activator for the ADAM28 gene. This activation required the SOX4-binding consensus sequence at the 5'-untranslated region of the mouse and human ADAM28 genes. Forced expression of SOX4 promoted the ADAM28 gene expression and migration in human breast and lung carcinoma cell lines. In the human breast and lung carcinoma tissues, ADAM28 and SOX4 were co-expressed at the invasive front of carcinoma cell nests. Our data demonstrate that SOX4 transactivates ADAM28 gene expression through direct binding to the ADAM28 promoter region and suggest the possibility that ADAM28 plays a role in invasion through SOX4-mediated EMT in the human breast and lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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219
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Yang F, Shen Y, Zhang W, Jin J, Huang D, Fang H, Ji W, Shi Y, Tang L, Chen W, Zhou G, Guan X. An androgen receptor negatively induced long non-coding RNA ARNILA binding to miR-204 promotes the invasion and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:2209-2220. [PMID: 29844570 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is emerging as a novel prognostic biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. As accumulating evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate important cancer hallmarks, we hypothesised that AR-regulated lncRNAs might play roles in TNBC progression. Here, we performed experiments with or without DHT treatment in three TNBC cell lines, and we identified an AR negatively induced lncRNA (ARNILA), which correlated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in TNBC patients and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, we demonstrated that ARNILA functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-204 to facilitate expression of its target gene Sox4, which is known to induce EMT and contribute to breast cancer progression, thereby promoting EMT, invasion and metastasis of TNBC. Our findings not only provide new insights into the mechanisms of lncRNA in regulating AR but also suggest ARNILA as an alternative therapeutic target to suppress metastasis of TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hehui Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfei Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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220
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Mediator kinase CDK8/CDK19 drives YAP1-dependent BMP4-induced EMT in cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4792-4808. [PMID: 29780169 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CDK8 is a transcription-regulating kinase that controls TGF-β/BMP-responsive SMAD transcriptional activation and turnover through YAP1 recruitment. However, how the CDK8/YAP1 pathway influences SMAD1 response in cancer remains unclear. Here we report that SMAD1-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critically dependent on matrix rigidity and YAP1 in a wide spectrum of cancer models. We find that both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of CDK8 and its homologous twin kinase CDK19 leads to abrogation of BMP-induced EMT. Notably, selectively blocking CDK8/19 specifically abrogates tumor cell invasion, changes in EMT-associated transcription factors, E-cadherin expression and YAP nuclear localization both in vitro and in vivo in a murine syngeneic EMT model. Furthermore, RNA-seq meta-analysis reveals a direct correlation between CDK8 and EMT-associated transcription factors in patients. Our findings demonstrate that CDK8, an emerging therapeutic target, coordinates growth factor and mechanical cues during EMT and invasion.
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Pavan S, Meyer-Schaller N, Diepenbruck M, Kalathur RKR, Saxena M, Christofori G. A kinome-wide high-content siRNA screen identifies MEK5-ERK5 signaling as critical for breast cancer cell EMT and metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:4197-4213. [PMID: 29713055 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been correlated to malignant tumor progression and metastasis by promoting cancer cell migration and invasion and chemoresistance. Hence, finding druggable EMT effectors is critical to efficiently interfere with metastasis formation and to overcome therapy resistance. We have employed a high-content microscopy screen in combination with a kinome and phosphatome-wide siRNA library to identify signaling pathways underlying an EMT of murine mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. This screen identified the MEK5-ERK5 axis as a critical player in TGFβ-mediated EMT. Suppression of MEK5-ERK5 signaling completely prevented the morphological and molecular changes occurring during a TGFβ-induced EMT and, conversely, forced highly metastatic breast cancer cells into a differentiated epithelial state. Inhibition of MEK5-ERK5 signaling also repressed breast cancer cell migration and invasion and substantially reduced lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. The results suggest that the MEK5-ERK5 signaling axis via activation of MEF2B and other transcription factors plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of breast cancer cell migration and invasion and thus represents an exploitable target for the pharmacological inhibition of cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pavan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.
| | | | - Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | | | - Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
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222
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Saengboonmee C, Sawanyawisuth K, Chamgramol Y, Wongkham S. Prognostic biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma and their clinical implications. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:579-592. [PMID: 29676221 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1467760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a poorly prognostic cancer with limited treatment options. Most patients have unresectable tumors when they are diagnosed and the chemotherapies provided are of limited benefit. Prognostic markers are therefore necessary to predict the disease outcome, risk of relapse, or to suggest the best treatment option. Areas covered: This article provides an up-to-date review of biomarkers with promising characteristics to be prognostic markers for CCA reported in the past 5 years. The biomarkers are sub-classified into tissue and serum markers. Proteins, RNAs, peripheral blood cells etc., that are associated with aggressive phenotypes, signal pathways, chemo-drug resistance, and those that reflect the survival time of CCA patients are evaluated for their prognostic prediction values. Expert commentary: CCAs are heterogeneous tumors of different histo-pathological subtypes and genetic influences and, therefore, potential markers should be validated in larger collectives with varied epidemiological backgrounds. A systematic review and meta-analysis should be done to clarify the impact of the reported biomolecules for their potential prognostic values. Non- or low-invasive sample collections, as well as the simple and affordable determination methods, should be constructed to make the prognostic biomarkers available in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charupong Saengboonmee
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,b Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,b Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- b Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,b Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute , Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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223
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Liu X, Wu Q, Li L. Functional and therapeutic significance of EZH2 in urological cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38044-38055. [PMID: 28410242 PMCID: PMC5514970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a core subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which is overexpressed in numerous cancers and mutated in several others. Notably, EZH2 acts not only a critical epigenetic repressor through its role in histone methylation, it is also an activator of gene expression, acting through multiple signaling pathways in distinct cancer types. Increasing evidence suggests that EZH2 is an oncogene and is central to initiation, growth and progression of urological cancers. In this review, we highlight the critical role of EZH2 as a master regulator of tumorigenesis in the prostate, bladder and the kidney through epigenetic control of transcription as well as a modulation of various critical signaling pathways. We also discuss the promise and challenges for EZH2 inhibitors as future anticancer therapeutics, some of which are currently in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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224
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David CJ, Massagué J. Contextual determinants of TGFβ action in development, immunity and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:419-435. [PMID: 29643418 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Few cell signals match the impact of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family in metazoan biology. TGFβ cytokines regulate cell fate decisions during development, tissue homeostasis and regeneration, and are major players in tumorigenesis, fibrotic disorders, immune malfunctions and various congenital diseases. The effects of the TGFβ family are mediated by a combinatorial set of ligands and receptors and by a common set of receptor-activated mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (SMAD) transcription factors, yet the effects can differ dramatically depending on the cell type and the conditions. Recent progress has illuminated a model of TGFβ action in which SMADs bind genome-wide in partnership with lineage-determining transcription factors and additionally integrate inputs from other pathways and the chromatin to trigger specific cellular responses. These new insights clarify the operating logic of the TGFβ pathway in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J David
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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225
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Gan L, Yang Y, Li Q, Feng Y, Liu T, Guo W. Epigenetic regulation of cancer progression by EZH2: from biological insights to therapeutic potential. Biomark Res 2018; 6:10. [PMID: 29556394 PMCID: PMC5845366 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase and a catalytic component of PRC2, catalyzes tri-methylation of histone H3 at Lys 27 (H3K27me3) to regulate gene expression through epigenetic machinery. EZH2 also functions both as a transcriptional suppressor and a transcriptional co-activator, depending on H3K27me3 or not and on the different cellular contexts. Unsurprisingly, numerous studies have highlighted the role of EZH2 in cancer development and progression. Through modulating critical gene expression, EZH2 promotes cell survival, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal, invasion, and drug resistance of cancer cells. The tumor suppressive effects of EZH2 are also identified. What is more, EZH2 has decisive roles in immune cells (for example, T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells and macrophages), which are essential components in tumor microenvironment. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular functions of EZH2, highlight recent findings regarding the physiological functions and related regulation of EZH2 in cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, we summarized and updated the emerging roles of EZH2 in tumor immunity, and current pre-clinical and clinical trials of EZH2 inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical college, Fudan University, No.130, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yanan Yang
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Qian Li
- 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical college, Fudan University, No.130, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi Feng
- 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical college, Fudan University, No.130, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- 2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical college, Fudan University, No.130, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,3Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Weijian Guo
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China.,2Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical college, Fudan University, No.130, Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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226
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Yu Y, Luo W, Yang ZJ, Chi JR, Li YR, Ding Y, Ge J, Wang X, Cao XC. miR-190 suppresses breast cancer metastasis by regulation of TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:70. [PMID: 29510731 PMCID: PMC5838994 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients with breast cancer. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays critical roles during breast cancer epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. SMAD2, a positive regulator of TGF-β signaling, promotes breast cancer metastasis through induction of EMT. Methods The expression of miR-190 and SMAD2 in breast cancer tissues, adjacent normal breast tissues and cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels and localization were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. ChIP and dual-luciferase report assays were used to validate the regulation of ZEB1-miR-190-SMAD2 axis. The effect of miR-190 on breast cancer progression was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Results miR-190 down-regulation is required for TGF-β-induced EMT. miR-190 suppresses breast cancer metastasis both in vitro and in vivo by targeting SMAD2. miR-190 expression is down-regulated and inversely correlates with SMAD2 in breast cancer samples, and its expression level was associated with outcome in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, miR-190 is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1. Conclusions Our data uncover the ZEB1-miR-190-SMAD2 axis and provide a mechanism to explain the TGF-β network in breast cancer metastasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0818-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Yang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiang-Rui Chi
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yun-Rui Li
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Ding
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jie Ge
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xu-Chen Cao
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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227
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Yue B, Liu C, Sun H, Liu M, Song C, Cui R, Qiu S, Zhong M. A Positive Feed-Forward Loop between LncRNA-CYTOR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Metastasis of Colon Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1287-1298. [PMID: 29606502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that long non-coding RNA cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR), also known as Linc00152, was significantly overexpressed in colon cancer and conferred resistance to oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis. At the same time, elevated CYTOR expression was also reported in gastric cancer and exerted influences on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. However, the precise mechanism by which CYTOR promotes the EMT phenotype and cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that loss of epithelial characteristics and simultaneous gain of mesenchymal features correlated with CYTOR expression. Knockdown of CYTOR attenuated colon cancer cell migration and invasion. Conversely, ectopic expression of CYTOR induced an EMT program and enhanced metastatic properties of colon cancer cells. Mechanistically, the binding of CYTOR to cytoplasmic β-catenin impeded casein kinase 1 (CK1)-induced β-catenin phosphorylation that enabled it to accumulate and translocate to the nucleus. Reciprocally, β-catenin/TCF complex enhanced the transcription activity of CYTOR in nucleus, thus forming a positive feed-forward circuit. Moreover, elevated CYTOR, alone or combined with overexpression of nuclear β-catenin, was predictive of poor prognosis. Our findings suggest that CYTOR promotes colon cancer EMT and metastasis by interacting with β-catenin, and the positive feed-forward circuit of CYTOR-β-catenin might be a useful therapeutic target in antimetastatic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Chenlong Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shenglong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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228
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Xu X, Jia SZ, Dai Y, Zhang JJ, Li X, Shi J, Leng J, Lang J. The Relationship of Circular RNAs With Ovarian Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2018; 25:1292-1300. [PMID: 29490568 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118759439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-zheng Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-ji Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Proliferative Arrest Mediated by TRIM26-Dependent TAF7 Degradation and Its Antagonism by MYC. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00449-17. [PMID: 29203640 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00449-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of gene promoters by RNA polymerase II is mediated by general transcription factor IID (TFIID), which has been thought to be a static complex and to play a passive role in the regulation of gene expression under the instruction of gene-specific transcription factors. Here we show that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) induced degradation of the TFIID subunit TAF7 in cultured mouse mammary epithelial cells and that this effect was required for proliferative arrest in response to TGF-β stimulation. TGF-β stimulated transcription of the gene for the ubiquitin ligase TRIM26, which was shown to ubiquitylate TAF7 and thereby to target it for proteasomal degradation. Sustained exposure of cells to TGF-β resulted in recovery from proliferative arrest in association with amplification of the Myc proto-oncogene, with MYC inhibiting TRIM26 induction by TGF-β. Our data thus show that TFIID is not simply a general mediator of transcription but contributes to the regulation of transcription in response to cell stimulation, playing a key role in the cytostatic function of TGF-β.
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Karicheva O, Rodriguez-Vargas JM, Wadier N, Martin-Hernandez K, Vauchelles R, Magroun N, Tissier A, Schreiber V, Dantzer F. PARP3 controls TGFβ and ROS driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness by stimulating a TG2-Snail-E-cadherin axis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64109-64123. [PMID: 27579892 PMCID: PMC5325429 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family are essential regulators of genome integrity, actively prospected as drug targets for cancer therapy. Among them, PARP3 is well characterized for its functions in double-strand break repair and mitotis. Here we report that PARP3 also plays an integral role in TGFβ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-like cell properties in human mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. PARP3 expression is higher in breast cancer cells of the mesenchymal phenotype and correlates with the expression of the mesenchymal marker Vimentin while being in inverse correlation with the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Furthermore, PARP3 expression is significantly upregulated during TGFβ-induced EMT in various human epithelial cells. In line with this observation, PARP3 depletion alters TGFβ-dependent EMT of mammary epithelial cells by preventing the induction of the Snail-E-cadherin axis, the dissolution of cell junctions, the acquisition of cell motility and chemoresistance. PARP3 responds to TGFβ-induced ROS to promote a TG2-Snail-E-cadherin axis during EMT. Considering the link between EMT and cancer stem cells, we show that PARP3 promotes stem-like cell properties in mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells by inducing the expression of the stem cell markers SOX2 and OCT4, by increasing the proportion of tumor initiating CD44high/CD24low population and the formation of tumor spheroid bodies, and by promoting stem cell self-renewal. These findings point to a novel role of PARP3 in the control of TGFβ-induced EMT and acquisition of stem-like cell features and further motivate efforts to identify PARP3 specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Karicheva
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - José Manuel Rodriguez-Vargas
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadège Wadier
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Kathline Martin-Hernandez
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Romain Vauchelles
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR7213, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Najat Magroun
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Agnès Tissier
- EMT and Cancer Cell Plasticity, Laboratoire d'Excellence DevWeCan, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Schreiber
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d'Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
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Bhattaram P, Muschler G, Wixler V, Lefebvre V. Inflammatory Cytokines Stabilize SOXC Transcription Factors to Mediate the Transformation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Arthritic Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:371-382. [PMID: 29193895 PMCID: PMC5826855 DOI: 10.1002/art.40386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) produce key synovial fluid and tissue components to ensure joint integrity under healthy conditions, whereas they become cancer-like and aggressively contribute to joint degeneration in inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the SOXC transcription factors SOX4 and SOX11, whose functions are critical in joint development and many cancer types, contribute to FLS activities under normal and inflammatory conditions. METHODS We inactivated the SOXC genes in FLS from adult mice and studied the effect on joint homeostasis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced arthritis. We used primary cells and synovial biopsy specimens from arthritis patients to analyze the interactions between inflammatory signals and SOXC proteins. RESULTS Postnatal inactivation of the SOXC genes had no major effect on joint integrity in otherwise healthy mice. However, it hampered synovial hyperplasia and joint degeneration in transgenic mice expressing human TNF. These effects were explained by the ability of SOX4/11 to amplify the pathogenic impact of TNF on FLS by increasing their survival and migration. SOXC RNA levels were not changed by TNF and other proinflammatory cytokines, but SOXC proteins were strongly stabilized and able to potentiate the TNF-induced up-regulation of genes involved in FLS transformation. Substantiating the relevance of these findings in human disease, SOXC protein levels, but not RNA levels, were significantly higher in inflamed synovium than in noninflamed synovium from arthritis patients. CONCLUSION SOXC proteins are targets and pivotal mediators of proinflammatory cytokines during FLS transformation in arthritic diseases. Targeting of these proteins could thus improve current strategies to treat arthritic diseases and possibly other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viktor Wixler
- Muenster University Hospital Medical School, Muenster, Germany
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232
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Dong X, Chen R, Lin H, Lin T, Pan S. lncRNA BG981369 Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion, and Promotes Cell Apoptosis by SRY-Related High-Mobility Group Box 4 (SOX4) Signaling Pathway in Human Gastric Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:718-726. [PMID: 29398692 PMCID: PMC5810617 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human gastric cancer (GC) is a leading primary cause of cancer-associated deaths in both males and females worldwide. However, there are few effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures for GC patients due to the complicated underlying mechanisms of GC. Recently, increasing research has indicated that lncRNAs may play a critical role in the progression of GC. Material/Methods AI769947, AK054978, DB077273, BG981369, AK054588, and AF131784 expressions were analyzed by qRT-PCR assay in GC tissues and corresponding normal tissues (n=44). BG981369 expression was detected by qRT-PCR assay in GC cells. BG981369 was overexpressed and silenced in AGS and SNU-5 cells. The proliferation ability was detected by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. The migration and invasion abilities were measured by Transwell assay. In addition, SOX4 expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR in GC tissues. The correlation between SOX4 and BG981369 was analyzed by Pearson analysis. Results The results indicated that lncRNA BG981369 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in normal tissues. Overexpression of BG981369 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, and silencing of BG981369 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion, and inhibited cell apoptosis of SNU-5 cells. Furthermore, we found that SOX4 may act as a downstream mediator of BG981369, suggesting that BG981369 inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promotes apoptosis by targeting SOX4 in the GC cell lines. Conclusions Our results suggest that BG981369 and SOX4 are potentially effective therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Renpin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haihua Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tiesu Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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233
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Meares GP, Rajbhandari R, Gerigk M, Tien CL, Chang C, Fehling SC, Rowse A, Mulhern KC, Nair S, Gray GK, Berbari NF, Bredel M, Benveniste EN, Nozell SE. MicroRNA-31 is required for astrocyte specification. Glia 2018; 66:987-998. [PMID: 29380422 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we determined microRNA-31 (miR-31) is a noncoding tumor suppressive gene frequently deleted in glioblastoma (GBM); miR-31 suppresses tumor growth, in part, by limiting the activity of NF-κB. Herein, we expand our previous studies by characterizing the role of miR-31 during neural precursor cell (NPC) to astrocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that miR-31 expression and activity is suppressed in NPCs by stem cell factors such as Lin28, c-Myc, SOX2 and Oct4. However, during astrocytogenesis, miR-31 is induced by STAT3 and SMAD1/5/8, which mediate astrocyte differentiation. We determined miR-31 is required for terminal astrocyte differentiation, and that the loss of miR-31 impairs this process and/or prevents astrocyte maturation. We demonstrate that miR-31 promotes astrocyte development, in part, by reducing the levels of Lin28, a stem cell factor implicated in NPC renewal. These data suggest that miR-31 deletions may disrupt astrocyte development and/or homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Meares
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506
| | - Rajani Rajbhandari
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Chih-Liang Tien
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Samuel C Fehling
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Amber Rowse
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Kayln C Mulhern
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Sindhu Nair
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - G Kenneth Gray
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Departments of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202
| | - Markus Bredel
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Departments of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Susan E Nozell
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
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234
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Jiang W, Yuan Q, Jiang Y, Huang L, Chen C, Hu G, Wan R, Wang X, Yang L. Identification of Sox6 as a regulator of pancreatic cancer development. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1864-1872. [PMID: 29369542 PMCID: PMC5824410 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and low responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Most patients with PC have metastatic disease at diagnosis, which partly accounts for the high mortality from this disease. Here, we explored the role of the transcription factor sex‐determining region Y‐box (Sox) 6 in the invasiveness of PC cells. We showed that Sox6 is down‐regulated in patients with PC in association with metastatic disease. Sox6 overexpression suppressed PC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumour growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Sox6 inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and Akt signalling. Sox6 was shown to interact with the promoter of Twist1, a helix–loop–helix transcription factor involved in the induction of EMT, and to modulate the expression of Twist1 by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 to the promoter of the Twist1 gene. Twist1 overexpression reversed the effect of Sox6 on inhibiting EMT, confirming that the effect of Sox6 on suppressing tumour invasiveness is mediated by the modulation of Twist1 expression. These results suggest a novel mechanism underlying the aggressive behaviour of PC cells and identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanye Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Putuo District, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital/First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, School of Medicine, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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235
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Suppression of miR-204 enables oral squamous cell carcinomas to promote cancer stemness, EMT traits, and lymph node metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20180-92. [PMID: 26933999 PMCID: PMC4991446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The feature of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is commonly metastasizing to locoreginal lymph nodes, and the involvement of lymph nodes metastasis represents the one of important prognostic factors of poor clinical outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be key players of cancer-related hallmarks including cancer stemness, EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), and metastaisis. Herein we showed that OSCC-derived ALDH1+ cancer stem cells (OSCC-CSCs) express lower level of miR-204, and miR-204 over-expression suppresses cancer stemness and in vivo tumor-growth of OSCC-CSCs. miR-204 binds on their 3′UTR-regions of Slug and Sox4 and suppressing their expression in OSCC-CSCs. On the contrary, down-regulation of miR-204 significantly increased cancer stemness and the lymph nodes incidence of orthotopic animal models. Furthermore, co-knockdown with sh-Slug and sh-Sox4 synergistically rescued miR-204-supressing cancer stemness and EMT properties. Clinical results further revealed that a miR-204lowSlughighSox4high signature predicted the worse survival prognosis of OSCC patients by Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Up-regulated miR-204-targeting Slug and Sox4 by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation rate, self-renewal capacity, and the percentage of ALDH1+ and CD44+ cells in OSCC-CSCs Oral-feeding of EGCG effectively alleviated tumor-progression in OSCC-CSCs-xenotransplanted immunocompromised mice through miR-204 activation. In conclusion, miR-204-mediated suppression of cancer stemness and EMT properties could be partially augmented by the anti-CSCs effect of EGCG.
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236
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Dai B, Huang H, Guan F, Zhu G, Xiao Z, Mao B, Su H, Hu Z. Histone demethylase KDM5A inhibits glioma cells migration and invasion by down regulating ZEB1. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:72-80. [PMID: 29324315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are highly lethal cancers worldwide as tumor cells infiltrate to healthy brain tissue invariably. Histone demethylase KDM5A as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer still has been controversial. KDM5A may have a different function in different type cancer cells. However, the specific roles of KDM5A in the progression of glioma remain undiscovered. In this study, we found that compared with primary glioma, metastasis glioma had low KDM5A levels. Besides, lower KDM5A levels were linked to poor survival in glioma cancer patients, indicating that KDM5A is a new prognostic marker for glioma cancer. KDM5A knockdown increases the invasive abilities of glioma cancer cells and changes the EMT markers. A mechanism, KDM5A suppressing the expression of ZEB1, and its catalytic activity is indispensable for anti-invasive function. Our study revealed that histone demethylase KDM5A exerts anti-invasiveness function partly through repressing oncogenic ZEB1 expression by mediating H3K4 demethylation. We also demonstrate that ZEB1 play a crucial role in KDM5A induced function. In summary, in this study, we showed that KDM5A has a crucial role in glioma and therefore may serve as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Feng Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Guangtong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Beibei Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Haiyang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Rd., Yangfangdian, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, PR China.
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237
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Weidle UH, Dickopf S, Hintermair C, Kollmorgen G, Birzele F, Brinkmann U. The Role of micro RNAs in Breast Cancer Metastasis: Preclinical Validation and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:17-39. [PMID: 29275360 PMCID: PMC5822183 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the approval of several molecular therapies in the last years, breast cancer-associated death ranks as the second highest in women. This is due to metastatic disease, which represents a challenge for treatment. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis is, therefore, of paramount importance. In this review we summarize the role of micro RNAs (miRs) involved in metastasis of breast cancer. We present an overview on metastasis-promoting, -suppressing and context-dependent miRs with both activities. We have categorized the corresponding miRs according to their target classes, interaction with stromal cells or exosomes. The pathways affected by individual miRs are outlined in regard to in vitro properties, activity in metastasis-related in vivo models and clinical significance. Current approaches that may be suitable for therapeutic inhibition or restauration of miR activity are outlined. Finally, we discuss the delivery bottlenecks which present as a major challenge in nucleic acid (miR)-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Dickopf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Gwendlyn Kollmorgen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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238
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Peng X, Liu G, Peng H, Chen A, Zha L, Wang Z. SOX4 contributes to TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell characteristics of gastric cancer cells. Genes Dis 2017; 5:49-61. [PMID: 30258935 PMCID: PMC6147107 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX4 is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) and is associated with tumor grade, metastasis and prognosis, however the mechanism is not clear. We report herein that SOX4 was upregulated and overexpression of SOX4 was associated with increased expression of the markers of Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness in clinic patient samples. In vitro, overexpression of SOX4 promoted the invasion as showed by Transwell assay and stemness of GC cells as assessed by sphere formation assay, which was suppressed by silencing SOX4 with shRNA. Further studies showed that SOX4 up-regulated the expression of EMT transcription factors Twist1, snail1 and zeb1 and stemness transcription factors SOX2 and OCT4, and promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Moreover, we revealed that TGF-β treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of SOX4 and silencing SOX4 reversed TGF-β induced invasion and sphere formation ability of GC cells. Finally, we showed that SOX4 promoted the lung metastasis and tumor formation ability of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. Our results suggest that SOX4 is a target TGF-β signaling and mediates TGF-β-induced EMT and stem cell characteristics of GC cells, revealing a novel role of TGF-β/SOX4 axis in the regulation of malignant behavior of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Peng
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000 China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lang Zha
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgical Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
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239
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The SOX11 transcription factor is a critical regulator of basal-like breast cancer growth, invasion, and basal-like gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13106-21. [PMID: 26894864 PMCID: PMC4914345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) are aggressive breast cancers associated with poor survival. Defining the key drivers of BLBC growth will allow identification of molecules for targeted therapy. In this study, we performed a primary screen integrating multiple assays that compare transcription factor expression and activity in BLBC and non-BLBC at the RNA, DNA, and protein levels. This integrated screen identified 33 transcription factors that were elevated in BLBC in multiple assays comparing mRNA expression, DNA cis-element sequences, or protein DNA-binding activity. In a secondary screen to identify transcription factors critical for BLBC cell growth, 8 of the 33 candidate transcription factors (TFs) were found to be necessary for growth in at least two of three BLBC cell lines. Of these 8 transcription factors, SOX11 was the only transcription factor required for BLBC growth, but not for growth of non-BLBC cells. Our studies demonstrate that SOX11 is a critical regulator of multiple BLBC phenotypes, including growth, migration, invasion, and expression of signature BLBC genes. High SOX11 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic indicator of poor survival in women with breast cancer. These results identify SOX11 as a potential target for the treatment of BLBC, the most aggressive form of breast cancer.
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240
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FBXO32 promotes microenvironment underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition via CtBP1 during tumour metastasis and brain development. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1523. [PMID: 29142217 PMCID: PMC5688138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The set of events that convert adherent epithelial cells into migratory cells are collectively known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is involved during development, for example, in triggering neural crest migration, and in pathogenesis such as metastasis. Here we discover FBXO32, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to be critical for hallmark gene expression and phenotypic changes underlying EMT. Interestingly, FBXO32 directly ubiquitinates CtBP1, which is required for its stability and nuclear retention. This is essential for epigenetic remodeling and transcriptional induction of CtBP1 target genes, which create a suitable microenvironment for EMT progression. FBXO32 is also amplified in metastatic cancers and its depletion in a NSG mouse xenograft model inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, FBXO32 is essential for neuronal EMT during brain development. Together, these findings establish that FBXO32 acts as an upstream regulator of EMT by governing the gene expression program underlying this process during development and disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates both processes of organism development and changes in cell state causing disease. Here, the authors show that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXO32, regulates EMT via CtBP1 and the transcriptional program, and also mediates cancer metastatic burden and neurogenesis.
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241
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SoxC transcription factors: multifunctional regulators of neurodevelopment. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:91-103. [PMID: 29079881 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During development, generation of neurons is coordinated by the sequential activation of gene expression programs by stage- and subtype-specific transcription factor networks. The SoxC group transcription factors, Sox4 and Sox11, have recently emerged as critical components of this network. Initially identified as survival and differentiation factors for neural precursors, SoxC factors have now been linked to a broader array of developmental processes including neuronal subtype specification, migration, dendritogenesis and establishment of neuronal projections, and are now being employed in experimental strategies for neuronal replacement and axonal regeneration in the diseased central nervous system. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding SoxC factor function in CNS development and disease and their promise for regeneration.
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242
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Diepenbruck M, Tiede S, Saxena M, Ivanek R, Kalathur RKR, Lüönd F, Meyer-Schaller N, Christofori G. miR-1199-5p and Zeb1 function in a double-negative feedback loop potentially coordinating EMT and tumour metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1168. [PMID: 29079737 PMCID: PMC5660124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tumour cells can gain invasive and metastatic capabilities by undergoing an epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Transcriptional regulators and post-transcriptional effectors like microRNAs orchestrate this process of high cellular plasticity and its malignant consequences. Here, using microRNA sequencing in a time-resolved manner and functional validation, we have identified microRNAs that are critical for the regulation of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition and of mesenchymal tumour cell migration. We report that miR-1199-5p is downregulated in its expression during an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, while its forced expression prevents an epithelial–mesenchymal transition, tumour cell migration and invasion in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-1199-5p acts in a reciprocal double-negative feedback loop with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition transcription factor Zeb1. This function resembles the activities of miR-200 family members, guardians of an epithelial cell phenotype. However, miR-1199-5p and miR-200 family members share only six target genes, indicating that, besides regulating Zeb1 expression, they exert distinct functions during an epithelial–mesenchymal transition. miRNAs have been involved in tumour development and progression. Here the authors uncover a double feedback loop between miR-1199-5p and the Zeb1, potentially coordinating a protein involved in epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Diepenbruck
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Tiede
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meera Saxena
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabiana Lüönd
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Carnosol-mediated Sirtuin 1 activation inhibits Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 to attenuate liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:327-337. [PMID: 29106960 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and subsequent conversion into myofibroblasts is the central event in hepatic fibrosis pathogenesis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), another vital participant in liver fibrosis, has the potential to initiate HSC activation, which promotes abundant myofibroblast production. Previous studies suggest that Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) plays a significant role in myofibroblast transdifferentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unaddressed. Carnosol (CS), a compound extracted from rosemary, displays multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the signaling mechanisms underlying EZH2 inhibition and the anti-fibrotic effect of CS in liver fibrosis. We found that CS significantly inhibited CCl4- and TGFβ1-induced liver fibrosis and reduced both HSC activation and EMT. EZH2 knockdown also prevented these processes induced by TGFβ1 in HSCs and AML-12 cells. Interestingly, the protective effect of CS was positively associated with Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activation and accompanied by EZH2 inhibition. SIRT1 knockdown attenuated the EZH2 inhibition induced by CS and increased EZH2 acetylation, which enhanced its stability. Conversely, upon TGFβ1 exposure, SIRT1 activation significantly reduced the level of EZH2 acetylation; however, EZH2 overexpression prevented the SIRT1 activation that primed myofibroblast inhibition, indicating that EZH2 is a target of SIRT1. Thus, SIRT1/EZH2 regulation could be used as a new therapeutic strategy for fibrogenesis. Together, this study provides evidence of activation of the SIRT1/EZH2 pathway by CS that inhibits myofibroblast generation, and thus, CS may represent an attractive candidate for anti-fibrotic clinical therapy.
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Mathot P, Grandin M, Devailly G, Souaze F, Cahais V, Moran S, Campone M, Herceg Z, Esteller M, Juin P, Mehlen P, Dante R. DNA methylation signal has a major role in the response of human breast cancer cells to the microenvironment. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e390. [PMID: 29058695 PMCID: PMC5668886 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a crucial role in tumor initiation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance by secreting various growth factors, cytokines, protease and extracellular matrix components. Soluble factors secreted by CAFs are involved in many pathways including inflammation, metabolism, proliferation and epigenetic modulation, suggesting that CAF-dependent reprograming of cancer cells affects a large set of genes. This paracrine signaling has an important role in tumor progression, thus deciphering some of these processes could lead to relevant discoveries with subsequent clinical implications. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the changes in gene expression patterns associated with the cross-talk between breast cancer cells and the stroma. From RNAseq data obtained from breast cancer cell lines grown in presence of CAF-secreted factors, we identified 372 upregulated genes, exhibiting an expression level positively correlated with the stromal content of breast cancer specimens. Furthermore, we observed that gene expression changes were not mediated through significant DNA methylation changes. Nevertheless, CAF-secreted factors but also stromal content of the tumors remarkably activated specific genes characterized by a DNA methylation pattern: hypermethylation at transcription start site and shore regions. Experimental approaches (inhibition of DNA methylation, knockdown of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays) indicated that this set of genes was epigenetically controlled. These data elucidate the importance of epigenetics marks in the cancer cell reprogramming induced by stromal cell and indicated that the interpreters of the DNA methylation signal have a major role in the response of the cancer cells to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mathot
- Dependence Receptors, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - M Grandin
- Dependence Receptors, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - G Devailly
- Department of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, UK
| | - F Souaze
- Cell survival and tumor escape in breast cancer Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research Nantes-Angers UMR 892 Inserm-6299 CNRS/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - V Cahais
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - S Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Campone
- Cell survival and tumor escape in breast cancer Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research Nantes-Angers UMR 892 Inserm-6299 CNRS/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Z Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Juin
- Cell survival and tumor escape in breast cancer Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research Nantes-Angers UMR 892 Inserm-6299 CNRS/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P Mehlen
- Dependence Receptors, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - R Dante
- Dependence Receptors, Cancer and Development Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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245
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Pan B, Xue X, Zhang D, Li M, Fu J. SOX4 arrests lung development in rats with hyperoxia‑induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia by controlling EZH2 expression. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1691-1698. [PMID: 29039454 PMCID: PMC5716405 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is currently the most common severe complication in premature infants and is characterized by the arrest of alveolar and vascular growth. Alveolar type II cells play an important role in the pathological foundation of BPD. An association of BPD with epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in type II cells exposed to hyperoxia was previously identified. SOX4, a transcription factor that is indispensable to embryogenesis, including lung development, participates in regulating EMT and cell survival, affecting tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of SOX4 in the occurrence of BPD, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously determined. For this purpose, newborn rats were randomly divided into two treatment groups: The model group was exposed to hyperoxia (80-85% O2), while the control group was kept under normoxic conditions (21% O2). Lung tissues were collected on postnatal days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 and morphological changes in the lungs were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The location of SOX4 in type II cells was detected by double immunofluorescence. The expression of SOX4 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in type II cells and lung tissues were detected by immunochemistry, western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results demonstrated that, compared with the control group, the radial alveolar count decreased rapidly in the model group, accompanied by increased mean alveolar diameter and alveolar septal thickness. SOX4 and EZH2 were highly expressed in type II cells exposed to hyperoxia. However, in total lung tissues, SOX4 and EZH2 expression was profoundly decreased in the early stages and increased in the late stages following exposure to hyperoxia. The expression of the EZH2 protein was positively correlated with that of the SOX4 protein. In conclusion, at the alveolar stage, which is a critical period after birth for lung development, hyperoxia induced dysregulation of SOX4 and EZH2 in rat lungs, indicating that SOX4 may contribute to the disruption of lung development in BPD by regulating EZH2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingting Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Bai JW, Wang X, Zhang YF, Yao GD, Liu H. MicroRNA-320 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells by targeting SOX4. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7145-7152. [PMID: 29344145 PMCID: PMC5754898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) can contribute to cancer development and progression. In the present study, the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-320 in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression were investigated. The results of a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that miR-320 was frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. In addition, knockdown of miR-320 in breast cancer cell lines promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, whereas miR-320 overexpression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, a Dual-Luciferase reporter assay indicated that SRY-box 4 (SOX4) is a direct target of miR-320, and the restoration of SOX4 in miR-320-overexpressing cells attenuated the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-320. Collectively, these results indicated that miR-320 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Bai
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010050, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010050, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010050, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- The Second Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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Choi JH, Kim MJ, Park YK, Im JY, Kwon SM, Kim HC, Woo HG, Wang HJ. Mutations acquired by hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence give rise to an aggressive phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22903-22916. [PMID: 28038442 PMCID: PMC5410272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after curative resection causes dismal outcomes of patients. Here, to delineate the driver events of genomic and transcription alteration during HCC recurrence, we performed RNA-Seq profiling of the paired primary and recurrent tumors from two patients with intrahepatic HCC. By comparing the mutational and transcriptomic profiles, we identified somatic mutations acquired by HCC recurrence including novel mutants of GOLGB1 (E2721V) and SF3B3 (H804Y). By performing experimental evaluation using siRNA-mediated knockdown and overexpression constructs, we demonstrated that the mutants of GOLGB1 and SF3B3 can promote cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of liver cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that the recurrent HCCs reprogram their transcriptomes to acquire aggressive phenotypes. Network analysis revealed CXCL8 (IL-8) and SOX4 as common downstream targets of the mutants. In conclusion, we suggest that the mutations of GOLGB1 and SF3B3 are potential key drivers for the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype in recurrent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yong Keun Park
- Department of Surgery, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeop Im
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Kim
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Targeting epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer: clinical and preclinical advances in therapy and monitoring. Biochem J 2017; 474:3269-3306. [PMID: 28931648 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), which describes the dynamic flux within the spectrum of phenotypic states that invasive carcinoma cells may reside, is being increasingly recognised for its role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. The myriad of events that are able to induce EMP, as well as the more recently characterised control loops, results in dynamic transitions of cancerous epithelial cells to more mesenchymal-like phenotypes through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as the reverse transition from mesenchymal phenotypes to an epithelial one. The significance of EMP, in its ability to drive local invasion, generate cancer stem cells and facilitate metastasis by the dissemination of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), highlights its importance as a targetable programme to combat cancer morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review is to consolidate the existing knowledge on the strategies currently in development to combat cancer progression via inhibition of specific facets of EMP. The prevalence of relapse due to therapy resistance and metastatic propensity that EMP endows should be considered when designing therapy regimes, and such therapies should synergise with existing chemotherapeutics to benefit efficacy. To further improve upon EMP-targeted therapies, it is imperative to devise monitoring strategies to assess the impact of such treatments on EMP-related phenomenon such as CTC burden, chemosensitivity/-resistance and micrometastasis in patients.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review introduces recent outstanding progress pertaining to Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), especially regarding its mode of action as a master regulator of chromatin, and provides molecular-based evidence for targeting EZH2 in cancer therapy. We discuss the active development of small molecules targeting the enzymatic activity of EZH2/polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). RECENT FINDINGS Genetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional dysregulation of EZH2 is frequently observed in many cancer types. EZH2 promotes tumorigenesis by altering the expression of numerous tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, the executive molecular processes initiated by EZH2, such as NF-κB activation, microRNA silencing, tumor immune evasion, and noncanonical transcription regulation, appear to be the fundamental characteristics of each cancer. Systematic investigations have suggested coordinated regulation of the cancer epigenome wherein antagonistic complexes of both polycomb and SWI/SNF are involved. Frequent loss-of-function mutations in epigenetic factors, such as ARID1A, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, BAP1, and KDM6A, are likely to elicit the EZH2/PRC2-addicted situation. Our comprehensive understanding encourages the development of advanced strategies for the appropriate manipulation of the cancer epigenome. Moreover, a couple of small molecules that can effectively inhibit the enzymatic activity of EZH2/PRC2 have been translated into early-phase clinical trials. SUMMARY The EZH2-mediated epigenome and subsequent transcriptome define cellular identity. Effective and specific strategies for the manipulation of EZH2/PRC2 may lead to the development of more precise cancer medicines.
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