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Ma Y, Cheng X, Wang F, Pan J, Liu J, Chen H, Wang Y, Cai L. ING4 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma A375 Cells via the Fas/Caspase-8 Apoptosis Pathway. Dermatology 2016; 232:265-72. [DOI: 10.1159/000444050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Triana-Martínez F, Pedraza-Vázquez G, Maciel-Barón LA, Königsberg M. Reflections on the role of senescence during development and aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 598:40-9. [PMID: 27059850 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New and stimulating results have challenged the concept that cellular senescence might not be synonymous with aging. It is indisputable that during aging, senescent cell accumulation has an impact on organismal health. Nevertheless, senescent cells are now known to display physiological roles during embryonic development, during wound healing repair and as a cellular response to stress. The fact that senescence has been found in cells that did not attain their maximal round of replications, nor have metabolic alterations or DNA damage, also challenges the paradigm that senescence is cellular aging, and it is in favor of the idea that cellular senescence is a phenomenon that has a function by itself. Therefore, in order to understand this phenomenon it is important to analyze the relationship between senescence and other cellular responses that have many features in common, such as apoptosis, cancer and autophagy, particularly highlighting their role during development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Triana-Martínez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - G Pedraza-Vázquez
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - L A Maciel-Barón
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Dept. Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México D.F. 09340, Mexico.
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Abstract
The medicinal value of hydrogen (H2) was ignored prior to research illustrating that inhalation of 2% H2 can significantly decrease the damage of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion caused by oxidative stress via selective elimination of hydroxyl freebase (OH) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOOˉ). Subsequently, there have been numerous experiments on H2. Most research and trials involving the mechanisms underlying H2 therapy show the effects of antioxygenation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Among quantities of diseases related with H2 therapy, the brain disease is a hotspot as brain tissue and cell damage are easier to be induced by oxidative stress and other stimulations. In this review, emphasis is on stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Taking into account the blood-brain barrier, penetrability, possible side effects, and the molecular properties of H2 within a single comprehensive review should contribute to advancing both clinical and non-clinical research and therapies. A systematic introduction of H2 therapy with regards to mechanisms and cerebral diseases both in animal and human subjects can make it easier to comprehend H2 therapy and therefore provide the basis for further clinical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Role of p38 MAPK activation and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release in allicin-induced apoptosis in SK-N-SH cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:312-7. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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205
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Stage-Specific Changes in the Water, Na+, Cl- and K+ Contents of Organelles during Apoptosis, Demonstrated by a Targeted Cryo Correlative Analytical Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148727. [PMID: 26866363 PMCID: PMC4807926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated changes in the levels of several ions during apoptosis, but a few recent studies have reported conflicting results concerning the changes in water content in apoptotic cells. We used a correlative light and cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy method to quantify water and ion/element contents simultaneously at a nanoscale resolution in the various compartments of cells, from the onset to the end of apoptosis. We used stably transfected HeLa cells producing H2B-GFP to identify the stages of apoptosis in cells and for a targeted elemental analysis within condensed chromatin, nucleoplasm, mitochondria and the cytosol. We found that the compartments of apoptotic cells contained, on average, 10% more water than control cells. During mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, we observed a strong increase in the Na+ and Cl- contents of the mitochondria and a strong decrease in mitochondrial K+ content. During the first step in apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), Na+ and Cl- levels decreased in all cell compartments, but remained higher than those in control cells. Conversely, during the second step of AVD, Na+ and Cl- levels increased considerably in the nucleus and mitochondria. During these two steps of AVD, K+ content decreased steadily in all cell compartments. We also determined in vivo ion status during caspase-3 activity and chromatin condensation. Finally, we found that actinomycin D-tolerant cells had water and K+ contents similar to those of cells entering apoptosis but lower Na+ and Cl- contents than both cells entering apoptosis and control cells.
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206
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Apoptosis Activation in Human Lung Cancer Cell Lines by a Novel Synthetic Peptide Derived from Conus californicus Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:38. [PMID: 26861394 PMCID: PMC4773791 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and women and a leading cause of death worldwide resulting in more than one million deaths per year. The venom of marine snails Conus contains up to 200 pharmacologically active compounds that target several receptors in the cell membrane. Due to their diversity and specific binding properties, Conus toxins hold great potential as source of new drugs against cancer. We analyzed the cytotoxic effect of a 17-amino acid synthetic peptide (s-cal14.1a) that is based on a native toxin (cal14.1a) isolated from the sea snail Conus californicus. Cytotoxicity studies in four lung cancer cell lines were complemented with measurement of gene expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, BAX and the pro-survival proteins NFκB-1 and COX-2, as well as quantification of caspase activity. Our results showed that H1299 and H1437 cell lines treated with s-call4.1a had decreased cell viability, activated caspases, and reduced expression of the pro-survival protein NFκB-1. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing activation of apoptosis in human lung cancer cell lines by s-cal14.1a and we offer insight into the possible mechanism of action.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ promotes apoptosis of acinar cells in pancreatitis. METHODS AR42j cells pretreated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone were activated by cerulein as an in vitro model of acute pancreatitis. Inflammatory cytokines and amylase were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining. Activity of caspases was determined. Bax and Bcl-2 levels were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS Cytokines, amylase, and cellular proliferation decreased in pioglitazone-pretreated cells. Pioglitazone increased the activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in cerulein-activated AR42j cells as well as in the pancreas of rats 3 hours after induction of severe acute pancreatitis. Acinar cell apoptosis was induced by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential in the pioglitazone group. Pioglitazone increased expression of proapoptotic Bax proteins and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in cerulein-induced AR42j cells and decreased Bcl-2 levels in pancreatic tissue of severe acute pancreatitis rats 1 and 3 hours after induction. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone may promote apoptosis of acinar cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in acute pancreatitis.
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Guo S, Long M, Li X, Zhu S, Zhang M, Yang Z. Curcumin activates autophagy and attenuates oxidative damage in EA.hy926 cells via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2187-93. [PMID: 26781771 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, which is the effective component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has previously been shown to exert potent antioxidant, antitumor and anti‑inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism underlying the protective effects of curcumin against oxidative damage in endothelial cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the effects of curcumin on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‑induced apoptosis and autophagy in EA.hy926 cells, and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. Cultured EA.hy926 cells were treated with curcumin (5‑20 µmol/l) 4 h prior to and for 4 h during exposure to H2O2 (200 µmol/l). Oxidative stress resulted in a significant increase in the rate of cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by an increase in the expression levels of caspase‑3 and B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein (Bax), and a decrease in the expression levels of Bcl‑2. Treatment with curcumin (5 or 20 µmol/l) significantly inhibited apoptosis, and reversed the alterations in caspase‑3, Bcl‑2 and Bax expression. Furthermore, curcumin induced autophagy and microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3‑Ⅱ expression, and suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results indicated that curcumin may protect cells against oxidative stress‑induced damage through inhibiting apoptosis and inducing autophagy via the Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Long
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Shushu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Oh PS, Hwang H, Jeong HS, Kwon J, Kim HS, Kim M, Lim S, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Blue light emitting diode induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells by stimulating autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 70:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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211
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Ma C, Liu X, Cheng S, Li Q, Zhang R. A novel 4-fluorobenzenetelluronic trimethyltin ester: synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel 4-fluorobenzenetelluronic trimethyltin ester (Me3Sn)4[p-F-PhTe(μ-O)(OH)O2]2 (1) has been prepared and structurally characterized, and apoptotic cytotoxicity assessments for A549 cells are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
| | - Rufen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng 252059
- P. R. China
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Xu H, Yang T, Liu X, Tian Y, Chen X, Yuan R, Su S, Lin X, Du G. Luteolin synergizes the antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through apoptosis induction and metabolism. Life Sci 2016; 144:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abu-Elsaad NM, Elkashef WF. Modified citrus pectin stops progression of liver fibrosis by inhibiting galectin-3 and inducing apoptosis of stellate cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:554-62. [PMID: 27010252 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a pH modified form of the dietary soluble citrus peel fiber known as pectin. The current study aims at testing its effect on liver fibrosis progression. Rats were injected with CCl4 (1 mL/kg, 40% v/v, i.p., twice a week for 8 weeks). Concurrently, MCP (400 or 1200 mg/kg) was administered daily in drinking water from the first week in groups I and II (prophylactic model) and in the beginning of week 5 in groups III and IV (therapeutic model). Liver function biomarkers (ATL, AST, and ALP), fibrosis markers (laminin and hyaluronic acid), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured. Stained liver sections were scored for fibrosis and necroinflammation. Additionally, expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3), α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, collagen (Col)1A1, caspase (Cas)-3, and apoptosis related factor (FAS) were assigned. Modified pectin late administration significantly (p < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), TIMP-1, Col1A1, α-SMA, and Gal-3 levels and increased levels of FAS, Cas-3, GSH, and SOD. It also decreased percentage of fibrosis and necroinflammation significantly (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that MCP can attenuate liver fibrosis through an antioxidant effect, inhibition of Gal-3 mediated hepatic stellate cells activation, and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Abu-Elsaad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Adakahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Wagdi Fawzi Elkashef
- b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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215
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Liu XC, Gao JM, Liu S, Liu L, Wang JR, Qu XJ, Cai B, Wang SL. Targeting apoptosis is the major battle field for killing cancers. World J Transl Med 2015; 4:69-77. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis is one of the major strategies for cancer therapy. Essentially, most of the conventional cancer therapeutic drugs that are in the clinical use induce apoptosis and in part necrosis of malignant cells and therefore prevent cancer progression and metastasis. Although these cytotoxic anticancer drugs are important weapons for killing cancers, their toxic side effects limited their application. The molecularly targeted therapeutics that are based on the deeper understanding of the defects in the apoptotic signaling in cancers are emerging and have shown promising anticancer activity in selectively killing cancers but not normal cells. The examples of molecular targets that are under exploration for cancer therapy include the cell surface receptors such as TNFR family death receptors, the intrinsic Bcl-2 family members and some other intracellular molecules like p53, MDM2, IAP, and Smac. The advance in the high-throughput bio-technologies has greatly accelerated the progress of cancer drug discovery.
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216
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Transcriptional Up-Regulation of APE1/Ref-1 in Hepatic Tumor: Role in Hepatocytes Resistance to Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143289. [PMID: 26624999 PMCID: PMC4666459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most frequent neoplasm worldwide and the most serious complication of long-standing chronic liver diseases (CLD). Its development is associated with chronic inflammation and sustained oxidative stress. Deregulation of apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1), a master regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress, has been associated with poor prognosis in several cancers including HCC. Design In the present study we investigated the APE1/Ref-1 mRNA levels in cirrhotic and HCC tissues obtained during HCC resection. The possible protective role of APE1/Ref-1 against oxidative stress and apoptosis was evaluated in vitro in immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) over-expressing APE1/Ref-1. Results APE1/Ref-1 was up-regulated in HCC, regulation occurring at the transcriptional level. APE1/Ref-1 mRNA content increased with the progression of liver disease with the transcriptional up-regulation present in cirrhosis significantly increased in HCC. The up-regulation was higher in the less differentiated cancers. In vitro, over-expression of APE1/Ref-1 in normal hepatocytes conferred cell protection against oxidative stress and it was associated with BAX inhibition and escape from apoptosis. Conclusion APE1/Ref-1 is up-regulated in HCC and this over-expression correlates with cancer aggressiveness. The up-regulation occurs at the transcriptional level and it is present in the earliest phases of hepatocarcinogenesis. The APE-1/Ref-1 over-expression is associated with hepatocyte survival and inhibits BAX activation and apoptosis. These data suggest a possible role of APE1/Ref-1 over-expression both in hepatocyte survival and HCC development calling attention to this molecule as a promising marker for HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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217
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Ruiz-Ramírez A, Barrios-Maya MA, López-Acosta O, Molina-Ortiz D, El-Hafidi M. Cytochrome c release from rat liver mitochondria is compromised by increased saturated cardiolipin species induced by sucrose feeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E777-86. [PMID: 26353385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00617.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c release from mitochondria has been described to be related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. With ROS generation being increased in fatty liver from sucrose-fed (SF) rats, we hypothesized that cytochrome c release might be positively associated with H2O2 generation from SF mitochondria. Surprisingly, cytochrome c release from mitochondria of SF liver was found to be significantly lower compared with control (C) mitochondria oxidizing pyruvate/malate or succinate. Exposure of mitochondria to exogenous superoxide radical generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system elicits a dose-response cytochrome c release in both control and SF mitochondria, but cytochrome c release remains lower in SF mitochondria compared with C mitochondria. Furthermore, the addition of ebselen, PEG-catalase, or catalase, a H2O2 scavenger, significantly reduces cytochrome c release from C and SF mitochondria. Our results suggest that both intra- and extramitochondrial H2O2 are involved in cytochrome c release, but the persisting difference between C and SF levels can be attributed to the differences in cardiolipin compositions. Indeed, the ratio of palmitic acid-rich cardiolipin species was found to be increased in lipid membrane from SF mitochondria compared with C mitochondria, whereas that of linoleic acid-rich cardiolipin species was found decreased. In addition, the content of tafazzin, a protein responsible for cardiolipin remodeling, was decreased in SF mitochondria. Therefore, we conclude that the changes observed in the composition of cardiolipin molecular species in SF mitochondria may be involved in cytochrome c interaction with mitochondrial inner membrane lipid and in its reduced release from SF mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Ruiz-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Miguel-Angel Barrios-Maya
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Ocarol López-Acosta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Dora Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Genetica, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico; and
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Vasilyeva I, Bespalov V, Baranova A. Radioprotective combination of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid promotes apoptosis that is evident by release of low-molecular weight DNA fragments into circulation. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:872-7. [PMID: 26473391 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1087066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genotoxic stresses, including irradiation, lead to the apoptosis of damaged cells and the release of DNA fragments into circulation. Both α-tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid possess antioxidant and radioprotective properties. Interestingly, depending on a particular experimental system, the treatment with vitamins may demonstrate either apoptosis-promoting or apoptosis-suppressing effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult Wistar male rats received total body irradiation with 2-100 Gy doses, while non-irradiated rats served as controls. Oral gavages with vitamins were administered either 10 min or 1 h before irradiation. Control groups were similarly treated with water. Blood samples were collected at 5 h post irradiation. The levels and the composition of circulating DNA were profiled. Chromosomal aberrations were assessed 24 h after irradiation. RESULTS A substantial dose-dependent increase in circulating low-molecular weight (LMW) DNA levels was observed after whole body irradiation. An order-of-magnitude increase in the proportion of bone marrow cells with chromosomal abnormalities was observed after irradiation at 2 Gy. Single vitamin preparations were not protective, while the combination of α-tocopherol (10 mg/kg) and ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg) displayed a protective effect evident from marked decrease in chromosomal aberrations. In animals treated with a combination of the vitamins only, substantial increases in the release of LMW DNA were observed. CONCLUSIONS Radioprotective combination of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid promotes apoptosis that is evident by release of low-molecular weight DNA into circulation. We hypothesize that the pretreatment with vitamins provides radioprotection, at least in part, by aiding non-inflammatory, apoptotic elimination of most damaged cells. The microevolutionary nature of observed adaptive response provides mechanistic foundation for the phenomenon of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Vasilyeva
- a N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Public Health , St. Petersburg.,b International Research Center 'Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium' ITMO University 191002 , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Vladimir Bespalov
- a N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, Ministry of Public Health , St. Petersburg.,b International Research Center 'Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium' ITMO University 191002 , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Ancha Baranova
- c Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA.,d Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny , Moscow Region.,e Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Research Centre for Medical Genetics' under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Hughes RM, Freeman DJ, Lamb KN, Pollet RM, Smith WJ, Lawrence DS. Optogenetic apoptosis: light-triggered cell death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12064-8. [PMID: 26418181 PMCID: PMC4819321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An optogenetic Bax has been designed that facilitates light-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that mitochondrial recruitment of a genetically encoded light-responsive Bax results in the release of mitochondrial proteins, downstream caspase-3 cleavage, changes in cellular morphology, and ultimately cell death. Mutagenesis of a key phosphorylatable residue or modification of the C-terminus mitigates background (dark) levels of apoptosis that result from Bax overexpression. The mechanism of optogenetic Bax-mediated apoptosis was explored using a series of small molecules known to interfere with various steps in programmed cell death. Optogenetic Bax appears to form a mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel analogous to that of endogenous Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA).
| | - David J Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Kelsey N Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Rebecca M Pollet
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - Weston J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA)
| | - David S Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (USA).
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Zhao S, Li H, Jiang C, Ma T, Wu C, Huo Q, Liu H. 17-Demethoxy-reblastatin, an Hsp90 inhibitor, induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through downregulation of Mcl-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:373-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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221
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Hughes RM, Freeman DJ, Lamb KN, Pollet RM, Smith WJ, Lawrence DS. Optogenetic Apoptosis: Light-Triggered Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yuan W, Cheng X, Wang P, Jia Y, Liu Q, Tang W, Wang X. Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw ethyl acetate extract-triggered perturbations in intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis regulates mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:410-420. [PMID: 26151243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw (PCLH), a moss of Bryopsida, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and shown to possess anticancer activities. Previous studies have indicated its anti-leukemia effect but the potential mechanisms have not been fully explained. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to further investigate the efficacy of PCLH ethyl acetate fraction (PC-EEF) and the associated mechanisms in human leukemia cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of PC-EEF was performed by spectrophotometry and HPLC. MTT analysis and trypan blue exclusion assay were adopted to examine its cytotoxicity on a panel of leukemia cells (K562, U937, HL-60 and K562/DOX cells) and non-cancerous cells (human PBMCs). Anti-proliferative effect was monitored by colony formation assay and EdU incorporation assay. Ultrastructural alterations on K562 cell membrane surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Changes on plasma membrane integrity, cell membrane potential, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscope was performed to assess [Ca(2+)]i level, mitochondrial injury and cytochrome c release. Apoptosis-associated protein expression was analyzed by western blot. The role of Ca(2+) in PC-EEF-induced cell death was investigated by Ca(2+) chelating reagent BAPTA-AM. RESULTS PC-EEF possessed relatively high flavonoid content (about 88.84 ± 0.89%) and showed significant cytotoxicity to human leukemia cells. PC-EEF could cause obvious cell morphological deformation, membrane integrity loss and membrane depolarization. Meanwhile, PC-EEF treatment could dramatically potentiate perturbations in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Subsequently, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, cytochrome c release and Bcl-2/Bax down-regulation were all observed. Consistent with these results, PC-EEF treatment resulted in significant activation of caspase 3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) degradation and apoptosis. Moreover, PC-EEF-caused cytotoxicity, membrane damage, mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were remarkably reversed by BAPTA-AM. CONCLUSIONS PC-EEF damaged the membrane system and triggered Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis, which may provide some new insights into its efficacy against human leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Cheng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yali Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Shakeri R, Hosseinkhani S, Los MJ, Davoodi J, Jain MV, Cieślar-Pobuda A, Rafat M, Ardestani SK. Role of the salt bridge between glutamate 546 and arginine 907 in preservation of autoinhibited form of Apaf-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:370-4. [PMID: 26277751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apaf-1, the key element of apoptotic mitochondrial pathway, normally exists in an auto-inhibited form inside the cytosol. WRD-domain of Apaf-1 has a critical role in the preservation of auto-inhibited form; however the underlying mechanism is unclear. It seems the salt bridges between WRD and NOD domains are involved in maintaining the inactive conformation of Apaf-1. At the present study, we have investigated the effect of E546-R907 salt bridge on the maintenance of auto-inhibited form of human Apaf-1. E546 is mutated to glutamine (Q) and arginine (R). Over-expression of wild type Apaf-1 and its E546Q and E546R variants in HEK293T cells does not induce apoptosis unlike - HL-60 cancer cell line. In vitro apoptosome formation assay showed that all variants are cytochrome c and dATP dependent to form apoptosome and activate endogenous procaspase-9 in Apaf-1-knockout MEF cell line. These results suggest that E546 is not a critical residue for preservation of auto-inhibited Apaf-1. Furthermore, the behavior of Apaf-1 variants for in vitro apoptosome formation in HEK293T cell is similar to exogenous wild type Apaf-1. Wild type and its variants can form apoptosome in HEK293T cell with different procaspase-3 processing pattern in the presence and absence of exogenous cytochrome c and dATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Shakeri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marek J Los
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jamshid Davoodi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mayur V Jain
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Artur Cieślar-Pobuda
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Long-term High-fat High-sucrose Diet Promotes Enlarged Islets and β-Cell Damage by Oxidative Stress in Bama Minipigs. Pancreas 2015; 44:888-95. [PMID: 25906446 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of a long-term high-fat, high-caloric diet on the dysfunction of pancreas has not been clarified. We investigated the pancreatic histopathology and β-cell apoptosis in Bama minipigs after 23 months on a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). METHODS Bama minipigs were randomly assigned to control (n = 6) and HFHSD groups (n = 6) for 23 months, and biochemical parameters were measured. Pancreata were subjected to histological analysis, followed by assessment with transmission electron microscopy. Lipid peroxidation was determined by the malondialdehyde concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity. Β-cell apoptosis was measured by an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS In the HFHSD group, the islets were enlarged, and the pancreatic tissue had observed significant fatty infiltration. Moreover, the feeding program damaged the normal pancreatic tissue structure. The level of lipid peroxidation was increased, and the activities of pancreatic antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased. The expression levels of caspase-3, Bax, and insulin were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Bcl-2 were decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The long-term HFHSD promotes pancreatic steatosis and oxidative stress, which increases β-cell apoptosis as indicated by the activation of caspase-3 through the mitochondrial pathway (Bcl-2/Bax).
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Zhang JX, Yang ZR, Wu DD, Song J, Guo XF, Wang J, Dong WG. Suppressive effect of sinomenine combined with 5-fluorouracil on colon carcinoma cell growth. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6737-43. [PMID: 25169518 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is reported that sinomenine (SIN) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) both are effective for colon cancer, but their cooperative suppressive effects and toxicity remain to be clarified in detail. This study aimed to determine suppressive effects and toxicity of sinomenine (SIN) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on LoVo colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. CCK-8, Hoechst 33258 staining and an annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit were used to detect suppressive effects. Western blotting was applied to investigate the essential mechanism underlying SIN and 5-FU-induced apoptosis. SIN or 5-FU or both were injected into nude mice, and then suppressive effects and side effects were observed. SIN plus 5-FU apparently inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover the united effects were stronger than individually (p<0.05). The results of annexin V-FITC /PI staining and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by SIN and 5-FU combined or alone was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was up-regulated and down-regulated respectively. SIN or 5-FU significantly inhibited effects on the volume of tumour xenografts and their combined suppressive effects were stronger (p<0.05). No obvious side effects were observed. It was apparent that the united effects of SIN and 5-FU on the growth of colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells in vitro and in vivo were superior to those using them individually, and it did not markedly increase the side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China E-mail :
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Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Thymi of Infected Piglets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128292. [PMID: 26046751 PMCID: PMC4457848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) HuN4 strain causes obvious thymic atrophy and thymocytes apoptosis in infected piglets after birth, which is more severe than that induced by classical PRRSV. In this study, we investigated apoptosis and autophagy in the thymus of piglets infected with the HP-PRRSV HuN4 strain, and found that both apoptosis and autophagy occurred in the thymus of piglets infected with HP-PRRSV. In addition to a few virus-infected cells, CD14+ cells, the main autophagic cells in the thymus were thymic epithelial cells. These findings demonstrated that HP-PRRSV induces apoptosis in bystander cells, and induces autophagy in both infected and bystander cells in the thymus of infected piglets. Herein, we first present new data on the thymic lesions induced by HP-PRRSV, and show that apoptosis and autophagy are key mechanisms involved in cell survival and determinants of the severity of thymic atrophy in infected piglets. Finally, future studies of the mechanism underlying immune responses are proposed based on our current understanding of PRRSV-host interactions.
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Characterization of Apoptosis Signaling Cascades During the Differentiation Process of Human Neural ReNcell VM Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:1203-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cristofaro M, Contursi A, D'Amore S, Martelli N, Spaziante AF, Moschetta A, Villani G. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-induced apoptosis of HT29 colorectal cancer cells depends on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1719-28. [PMID: 26004395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor involved in the Wnt signaling, the primary driving force of the intestinal epithelium homeostasis. Alterations of components of the Wnt pathway, and in most cases mutations of APC, have been reported to promote colorectal cancer (CRC). During differentiation the enterocytes migrate from the crypt to the tip of the villus where they undergo apoptosis thus ensuring the continual renewal of the intestinal mucosa. The differentiation process is characterized by an activation gradient of the Wnt signaling pathway accompanied by a metabolic switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation along the crypt-villus axis. In the present work, we study the relationship between the expression of wild type APC protein and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in HT29 colorectal cancer cells, originally carrying endogenous inactive APC alleles. By generating mtDNA-depleted (rho0) APC-inducible HT29 cells, we demonstrate for the first time that the APC-dependent apoptosis requires the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The possible role of mitochondria as putative target in the prevention and/or therapy of colorectal cancer is herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Cristofaro
- Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Scientific Care, Istituto Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy; Unit of Molecular Pathology and Genomics, Center for Sciences on the Ageing CeSI, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Simona D'Amore
- Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Scientific Care, Istituto Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Martelli
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ada Fiorenza Spaziante
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Institute for Research, Hospitalization, and Scientific Care, Istituto Oncologico Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy; Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Villani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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229
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Chronic hypoxia in pregnancy affected vascular tone of renal interlobar arteries in the offspring. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9723. [PMID: 25983078 PMCID: PMC4434890 DOI: 10.1038/srep09723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia during pregnancy could affect development of fetuses as well as cardiovascular systems in the offspring. This study was the first to demonstrate the influence and related mechanisms of prenatal hypoxia (PH) on renal interlobar arteries (RIA) in the 5-month-old male rat offspring. Following chronic hypoxia during pregnancy, phenylephrine induced significantly higher pressor responses and greater vasoconstrictions in the offspring. Nitric oxide mediated vessel relaxation was altered in the RIA. Phenylephrine-stimulated free intracellular calcium was significantly higher in the RIA of the PH group. The activity and expression of L-type calcium channel (Cav1.2), not T-type calcium channel (Cav3.2), was up-regulated. The whole-cell currents of calcium channels and the currents of Cav1.2 were increased compared with the control. In addition, the whole-cell K+ currents were decreased in the offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and the expression of MaxiKα was decreased in the PH group. The results provide new information regarding the influence of prenatal hypoxia on the development of the renal vascular system, and possible underlying cellular and ion channel mechanisms involved.
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230
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Wesley-Smith J, Walters C, Pammenter NW, Berjak P. Why is intracellular ice lethal? A microscopical study showing evidence of programmed cell death in cryo-exposed embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds of Acer saccharinum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:991-1000. [PMID: 25808653 PMCID: PMC4407058 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Conservation of the genetic diversity afforded by recalcitrant seeds is achieved by cryopreservation, in which excised embryonic axes (or, where possible, embryos) are treated and stored at temperatures lower than -180 °C using liquid nitrogen. It has previously been shown that intracellular ice forms in rapidly cooled embryonic axes of Acer saccharinum (silver maple) but this is not necessarily lethal when ice crystals are small. This study seeks to understand the nature and extent of damage from intracellular ice, and the course of recovery and regrowth in surviving tissues. METHODS Embryonic axes of A. saccharinum, not subjected to dehydration or cryoprotection treatments (water content was 1·9 g H2O g(-1) dry mass), were cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures using two methods: plunging into nitrogen slush to achieve a cooling rate of 97 °C s(-1) or programmed cooling at 3·3 °C s(-1). Samples were thawed rapidly (177 °C s(-1)) and cell structure was examined microscopically immediately, and at intervals up to 72 h in vitro. Survival was assessed after 4 weeks in vitro. Axes were processed conventionally for optical microscopy and ultrastructural examination. KEY RESULTS Immediately following thaw after cryogenic exposure, cells from axes did not show signs of damage at an ultrastructural level. Signs that cells had been damaged were apparent after several hours of in vitro culture and appeared as autophagic decomposition. In surviving tissues, dead cells were sloughed off and pockets of living cells were the origin of regrowth. In roots, regrowth occurred from the ground meristem and procambium, not the distal meristem, which became lethally damaged. Regrowth of shoots occurred from isolated pockets of surviving cells of peripheral and pith meristems. The size of these pockets may determine the possibility for, the extent of and the vigour of regrowth. CONCLUSIONS Autophagic degradation and ultimately autolysis of cells following cryo-exposure and formation of small (0·2-0·4 µm) intracellular ice crystals challenges current ideas that ice causes immediate physical damage to cells. Instead, freezing stress may induce a signal for programmed cell death (PCD). Cells that form more ice crystals during cooling have faster PCD responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Wesley-Smith
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4001 South Africa, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa and USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4001 South Africa, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa and USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Christina Walters
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4001 South Africa, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa and USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - N W Pammenter
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4001 South Africa, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa and USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Patricia Berjak
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, 4001 South Africa, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1 Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa and USDA-ARS, National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Hill RB, MacKenzie KR, Harwig MC. The Tail-End Is Only the Beginning: NMR Study Reveals a Membrane-Bound State of BCL-XL. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2257-61. [PMID: 25896456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Megan Cleland Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Vorobjev I, Barteneva NS. Temporal Heterogeneity Metrics in Apoptosis Induced by Anticancer Drugs. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:494-510. [PMID: 25838469 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415583534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic process is highly heterogeneous and asynchronous. A long-standing question is how many parameters define the time and reversibility of the apoptotic response at a single-cell level. We characterized at the single-cell and population levels the time sequence of apoptotic events in response to anti-cancer drugs using extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic stimuli. We show that the temporal sequence of major apoptotic events is the same in response to all anti-cancer drugs studied: the apoptotic volume decrease and Na+ influx occur rapidly and are tightly coordinated with mitochondrial outer membrane depolarization (MOMP), mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization and a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phosphatidylserine externalization usually starts after MOMP and precedes caspase 3/7 activation. Activation of caspases 3/7 is a slow process that always starts after MOMP, with significant delay. Cell-to-cell variability of the MOMP onset is described by Gaussian distribution, whereas the γ-distribution model describes cellular variability in the duration of MOMP-to-caspase activation stages. Cells from the pre-MOMP stage to the after-caspase 3/7 activation stage coexist for many hours. We demonstrated by FACS that cells in the pre-MOMP stage can recover after apoptotic stimuli, rarely recover after MOMP but before caspase 3/7 activation, and are unable to recover after caspase 3/7 activation. We propose a double-stroke model for apoptosis execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vorobjev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (IV)
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (NSB)
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233
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Regulation of ceramide channel formation and disassembly: Insights on the initiation of apoptosis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:760-72. [PMID: 26587005 PMCID: PMC4625378 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid research has surged in the past two decades and has produced a wide variety of evidence supporting the role of this class of molecules in mediating cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis. Ceramides are a subgroup of sphingolipids (SLs) that are directly involved in the process of initiation of apoptosis. We, and others, have recently shown that ceramides are capable of the formation of protein-permeable channels in mitochondrial outer membranes under physiological conditions. These pores are indeed good candidates for the pathway of release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) into the cytosol to initiate intrinsic apoptosis. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation of ceramide channel formation and disassembly, highlighting possible implications on the initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Assembly and disassembly
- Bcl-2 family proteins
- Bcl-2, B cell CLL/lymphoma-2
- Cer, ceramide
- CerS, ceramide synthase
- Ceramide channels
- Chain length
- DES, dihydroceramide desaturase
- DHCer, dihydroceramide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- IMS, intermembrane space
- KSR, 3-ketosphinganine reductase
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeability
- Mitochondria
- SLs, sphingolipids
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SPT, serine palmitoyl transferase
- So, sphingosine
- Sphingolipids
- de novo synthesis
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234
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Li MD, Dang L, Liu M, Du L, Zheng X, Phillips DL. Ultrafast Time Resolved Spectroscopic Studies on the Generation of the Ketyl-Sugar Biradical by Intramolecular Hydrogen Abstraction among Ketoprofen and Purine Nucleoside Dyads. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3462-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-De Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China
| | - Lili Du
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China
| | - Xuming Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong S.A.R., P.R. China
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Pan ST, Qin Y, Zhou ZW, He ZX, Zhang X, Yang T, Yang YX, Wang D, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. Plumbagin induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via p38 MAPK- and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated pathways in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1601-26. [PMID: 25834400 PMCID: PMC4365758 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s76057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; PLB), a naturally occurring naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of Plumbaginaceae plants, has been reported to possess anticancer activities in both in vitro and in vivo studies, but the effect of PLB on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PLB on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and autophagy, and the underlying mechanisms in the human TSCC cell line SCC25. The results have revealed that PLB exerted potent inducing effects on cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in SCC25 cells. PLB arrested SCC25 cells at the G2/M phase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with a decrease in the expression level of cell division cycle protein 2 homolog (Cdc2) and cyclin B1 and increase in the expression level of p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1, and p53 in SCC25 cells. PLB markedly induced apoptosis and autophagy in SCC25 cells. PLB decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) while increasing the expression level of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in SCC25 cells. Furthermore, PLB inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathways as indicated by the alteration in the ratio of phosphorylation level over total protein expression level, contributing to the autophagy inducing effect. In addition, we found that wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor) and SB202190 (a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK) strikingly enhanced PLB-induced autophagy in SCC25 cells, suggesting the involvement of PI3K- and p38 MAPK-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, PLB induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and this effect was attenuated by l-glutathione (GSH) and n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Taken together, these results indicate that PLB promotes cellular apoptosis and autophagy in TSCC cells involving p38 MAPK- and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated pathways with contribution from the GSK3β and ROS-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA ; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xu He
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center and Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yin-Xue Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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236
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ZHU HY, CHEN GT, MENG GL, XU JL. Characterization of pumpkin polysaccharides and protective effects on streptozotocin-damaged islet cells. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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237
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Tajon C, Jun YW, Craik CS. Single-molecule sensing of caspase activation in live cells via plasmon coupling nanotechnology. Methods Enzymol 2015; 544:271-97. [PMID: 24974294 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417158-9.00011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic caspases execute programmed cell death, where low levels of caspase activity are linked to cancer (Kasibhatla & Tseng, 2003). Chemotherapies utilize induction of apoptosis as a key mechanism for cancer treatment, where caspase-3 is a major player involved in dismantling these aberrant cells. The ability to sensitively measure the initial caspase-3 cleavage events during apoptosis is important for understanding the initiation of this complex cellular process; however, current ensemble methods are not sensitive enough to measure single cleavage events in cells. To overcome this, we describe a procedure to develop peptide-linked gold nanoparticles that have unique optical properties and can serve as beacons to visualize the apoptotic drug response in cancer cells at the single-molecule level. By thorough analyses of their trajectories, one can reveal early-stage caspase-3 activation in live cells continuously and with no ambiguity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Tajon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Young-Wook Jun
- Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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238
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Li PP, He W, Yuan PF, Song SS, Lu JT, Wei W. Celastrol induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:137-48. [PMID: 25657108 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol is a natural terpenoid isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, a well-known Chinese medicinal herb that presents anti-proliferative activities in several cancer cell lines. Here, we investigated whether celastrol induces apoptosis on hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Celastrol caused a dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition and apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells. It increased apoptosis through the up-regulation of Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2 in Bel-7402 cells. Moreover, celastrol induced the release of cytochrome c and increased the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, suggesting that celastrol-induced apoptosis was related to the mitochondrial pathway. These results indicated that celastrol could induce apoptosis in Bel-7402 cells, which may be associated with the activation of the mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P.R. China
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239
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Song Y, Buchwald P. TNF superfamily protein-protein interactions: feasibility of small- molecule modulation. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16:393-408. [PMID: 25706111 PMCID: PMC4408546 DOI: 10.2174/1389450116666150223115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily (TNFSF) contains about thirty structurally related receptors (TNFSFRs) and about twenty protein ligands that bind to one or more of these receptors. Almost all of these cell surface protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent high-value therapeutic targets for inflammatory or immune modulation in autoimmune diseases, transplant recipients, or cancers, and there are several biologics including antibodies and fusion proteins targeting them that are in various phases of clinical development. Small-molecule inhibitors or activators could represent possible alternatives if the difficulties related to the targeting of protein-protein interactions by small molecules can be addressed. Compounds proving the feasibility of such approaches have been identified through different drug discovery approaches for a number of these TNFSFR-TNFSF type PPIs including CD40-CD40L, BAFFR-BAFF, TRAIL-DR5, and OX40-OX40L. Corresponding structural, signaling, and medicinal chemistry aspects are briefly reviewed here. While none of these small-molecule modulators identified so far seems promising enough to be pursued for clinical development, they provide proof-of-principle evidence that these interactions are susceptible to small-molecule modulation and can serve as starting points toward the identification of more potent and selective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10 Ave (R-134), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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240
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Oh PS, Na KS, Hwang H, Jeong HS, Lim S, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Effect of blue light emitting diodes on melanoma cells: Involvement of apoptotic signaling. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 142:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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241
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Abstract
AKI is pathologically characterized by sublethal and lethal damage of renal tubules. Under these conditions, renal tubular cell death may occur by regulated necrosis (RN) or apoptosis. In the last two decades, tubular apoptosis has been shown in preclinical models and some clinical samples from patients with AKI. Mechanistically, apoptotic cell death in AKI may result from well described extrinsic and intrinsic pathways as well as ER stress. Central converging nodes of these pathways are mitochondria, which become fragmented and sensitized to membrane permeabilization in response to cellular stress, resulting in the release of cell death-inducing factors. Whereas apoptosis is known to be regulated, tubular necrosis was thought to occur by accident until recent work unveiled several RN subroutines, most prominently receptor-interacting protein kinase-dependent necroptosis and RN induced by mitochondrial permeability transition. Additionally, other cell death pathways, like pyroptosis and ferroptosis, may also be of pathophysiologic relevance in AKI. Combination therapy targeting multiple cell-death pathways may, therefore, provide maximal therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Linkermann
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Guie Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ulrich Kunzendorf
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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242
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Shlezinger N, Eizner E, Dubinchik S, Minz-Dub A, Tetroashvili R, Reider A, Sharon A. Measurement of apoptosis by SCAN ©, a system for counting and analysis of fluorescently labelled nuclei. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2014; 1:406-415. [PMID: 28357220 PMCID: PMC5349136 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-like programmed cell death (A-PCD) is a universal process common to all types of eukaryotic organisms. Because A-PCD-associated processes are conserved, it is possible to define A-PCD by a standard set of markers. Many of the popular methods to measure A-PCD make use of fluorescent ligands that change in intensity or cellular localization during A-PCD. In single cell organisms, it is possible to quantify levels of A-PCD by scoring the number of apoptotic cells using flow cytometry instruments. In a multicellular organism, quantification of A-PCD is more problematic due to the complex nature of the tissue. The situation is further complicated in filamentous fungi, in which nuclei are divided between compartments, each containing a number of nuclei, which can also migrate between the compartments. We developed SCAN©, a System for Counting and Analysis of Nuclei, and used it to measure A-PCD according to two markers - chromatin condensation and DNA strand breaks. The package includes three modules designed for counting the number of nuclei in multi-nucleated domains, scoring the relative number of nuclei with condensed chromatin, and calculating the relative number of nuclei with DNA strand breaks. The method provides equal or better results compared with manual counting, the analysis is fast and can be applied on large data sets. While we demonstrated the utility of the software for measurement of A-PCD in fungi, the method is readily adopted for measurement of A-PCD in other types of multicellular specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Shlezinger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elad Eizner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of
Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stas Dubinchik
- Department of Physical Electronics, Fleischman Faculty of
Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anna Minz-Dub
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Rachel Tetroashvili
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Adi Reider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amir Sharon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of
Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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243
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Mehta N, Taylor J, Quilty D, Barry M. Ectromelia virus encodes an anti-apoptotic protein that regulates cell death. Virology 2014; 475:74-87. [PMID: 25462348 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis serves as a powerful defense against damaged or pathogen-infected cells. Since apoptosis is an effective defense against viral infection, many viruses including poxviruses, encode proteins to prevent or delay apoptosis. Here we show that ectromelia virus, the causative agent of mousepox encodes an anti-apoptotic protein EVM025. Here we demonstrate that expression of functional EVM025 is crucial to prevent apoptosis triggered by virus infection and staurosporine. We demonstrate that the expression of EVM025 prevents the conformational activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax, allowing the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane integrity upon infection with ECTV. Additionally, EVM025 interacted with intracellular Bak. We were able to demonstrate that EVM025 ability to inhibit Bax activation is a function of its ability to inhibit the activity of an upstream BH3 only protein Bim. Collectively, our data indicates that EVM025 inhibits apoptosis by sequestering Bak and inhibiting the activity of Bak and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Mehta
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Taylor
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas Quilty
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michele Barry
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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244
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Se-Methylselenocysteine Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Clusterin Knockdown in Neuroblastoma N2a and SH-SY5Y Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21331-47. [PMID: 25411798 PMCID: PMC4264228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, as a programmed cell death process, is essential for the maintenance of tissue function in organisms. Alteration of this process is linked to many diseases. Over-expression of clusterin (Clu) can antagonize apoptosis in various cells. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health. Its biological function is also associated with cell apoptosis. To explore the function of Clu and the impact of Se in the process of apoptosis, several short-hairpin RNAs (shRNA) were designed for the construction of two sets of recombinant plasmids: one set for plasmid-transfection of mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells (N2a cells); and the other set for lentiviral infection of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (SH-SY5Y cells). These shRNAs specifically and efficiently interfered with the intracellular expression of Clu at both the mRNA and protein levels. The Clu-knockdown cells showed apoptosis-related features, including down-regulation of antioxidative capacity and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and up-regulation of caspase-8 activity. Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC) at an optimum concentration of 1 μM could reverse the alteration in antioxidative capacity, Bcl2/Bax ratio and caspase-8 activity caused by Clu-knockdown, thus inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining cell viability. The results hereby imply the potentiality of Clu and Se in neuroprotection.
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245
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Lin L, Piao J, Ma Y, Jin T, Quan C, Kong J, Li Y, Lin Z. Mechanisms underlying cancer growth and apoptosis by DEK overexpression in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111260. [PMID: 25340858 PMCID: PMC4207817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that DEK protein was overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) compared with the normal colorectal mucosa. DEK was also significantly correlated with the prognostic characteristics of patients with CRC, demonstrating that DEK played an important role in CRC progression. In this work, we evaluate the effects of DEK on biological behaviors in CRC and explore the related molecular mechanisms. The results showed that DEK was overexpressed in human CRC tissues, and was correlated with the Ki-67 index and the apoptotic index. DEK depletion by RNAi in SW-620 and HCT116 cells significantly decreased cell proliferation, but increased cell apoptosis. Upregulation of DEK was involved in the p53/MDM, Bcl-2 family, and caspase pathways. Our study demonstrates that DEK promotes the growth of CRC, and could be a therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Medicine, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong, China
| | - Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Department of Pathology, Dandong Centre Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jienan Kong
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
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246
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Cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributes to pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in bile duct-ligated mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:519-26. [PMID: 24712830 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is defined as systolic and diastolic dysfunctions, electrophysiological changes and macroscopic structural changes. However, the underlying mechanisms of this syndrome remain unclear. A possible role of myocardial apoptosis in the pathogenesis has not been previously examined. We hypothesized that dysregulation of apoptotic signalling participates in cardiac dysfunction in the cirrhotic heart. Therefore, we evaluated apoptotic pathways in the hearts of mice with chronic BDL (bile duct ligation). A cirrhotic cardiomyopathy model was induced by BDL in mice. Left ventricular geometry and volumes were evaluated by MRI. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Fas-mediated apoptosis was inhibited by in vivo administration of an anti-FasL (Fas ligand) monoclonal antibody, and subsequently cardiac contractility was measured in isolated cardiomyocytes. BDL-mice showed significantly more PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] staining than sham controls (18.2±11.4 compared with 6.7±5.3; P<0.05). Fas protein expression and PARP cleavage were activated, whereas FLIP (Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin 1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein) was decreased compared with sham controls. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in BDL-mice compared with sham controls. Anti-FasL monoclonal antibody injection in BDL-mice improved systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in cardiomyocytes, but had no effect in sham controls. A net pro-apoptotic balance exists in BDL hearts, mainly mediated by activation of the extrinsic pathway, and abrogation of apoptosis improved contractility. These results suggest that apoptosis contributes to depressed cardiac contractility in a murine model of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
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247
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Xu G, He J, Guo H, Mei C, Wang J, Li Z, Chen H, Mang J, Yang H, Xu Z. Activin A prevents neuron-like PC12 cell apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1016-24. [PMID: 25206395 PMCID: PMC4145885 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, PC12 cells were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells using nerve growth factor, and were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 ng/mL exogenous Activin A. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Hoechst 33324 staining showed that the survival percentage of PC12 cells significantly decreased and the rate of apoptosis significantly increased after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Exogenous Activin A significantly increased the survival percentage of PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse transcription-PCR results revealed a significant increase in Activin receptor IIA, Smad3 and Smad4 mRNA levels, which are key sites in the Activin A/Smads signaling pathway, in neuron-like cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, while mRNA expression of the apoptosis-regulation gene caspase-3 decreased. Our experimental findings indicate that exogenous Activin A plays an anti-apoptotic role and protects neurons by means of activating the Activin A/Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China ; Department of Neurology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun 130051, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chunli Mei
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Mang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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248
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Wang J, Yang ZR, Guo XF, Song J, Zhang JX, Wang J, Dong WG. Synergistic effects of puerarin combined with 5-fluorouracil on esophageal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2535-41. [PMID: 25189132 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavone derived from kudzu roots with a wide range of biological and medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitive effects of puerarin combined with 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) on Eca‑109 esophageal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitive effects of the treatments on Eca‑109 cells were detected by cell counting kit‑8, Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. A tumor xenograft model was established in nude mice. Puerarin and 5‑FU, administered either in combination or individually, were injected into mice and the inhibitive effects along with any side effects were observed. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Puerarin and 5‑FU, administered as combined treatment or individual drugs, significantly inhibited proliferation and induced marked apoptosis. The mean growth inhibition rate (± standard deviation) reached 87.27±5.37% and the apoptotic rate at 48 h reached 36.18±1.24% in the combined treatment group. The percentages of apoptotic cells induced by puerarin and 5‑FU (combined or alone) were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Puerarin or 5‑FU alone significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in comparison to the control group (P<0.05), with inhibition rates of 76.93 and 72.21%, respectively. The drugs combined exhibited a significantly greater effect than either drug alone (P<0.05), with the tumor inhibition rate reaching 89.06%. During the course of chemotherapy, no evident side effects were observed. The results suggested that the combined inhibitive effects of puerarin and 5‑FU were greater than the effects of the agents used individually. In addition, puerarin combined with 5‑FU exhibited synergistic effects at lower concentrations and promoted apoptosis, but did not increase the side effects of chemotherapy, which indicated that puerarin may be a safe and effective chemosensitive agent in the treatment of human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Rong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Feng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Pilchova I, Klacanova K, Chomova M, Tatarkova Z, Dobrota D, Racay P. Possible Contribution of Proteins of Bcl-2 Family in Neuronal Death Following Transient Global Brain Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:23-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Dai SH, Chen T, Wang YH, Zhu J, Luo P, Rao W, Yang YF, Fei Z, Jiang XF. Sirt3 protects cortical neurons against oxidative stress via regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ and mitochondrial biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14591-609. [PMID: 25196599 PMCID: PMC4159870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150814591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-established event in the pathology of several neurobiological diseases. Sirt3 is a nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase that regulates mitochondrial function and metabolism in response to caloric restriction and stress. This study aims to investigate the role of Sirt3 in H2O2 induced oxidative neuronal injury in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. We found that H2O2 treatment significantly increased the expression of Sirt3 in a time-dependent manner at both mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of Sirt3 with a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) exacerbated H2O2-induced neuronal injury, whereas overexpression of Sirt3 by lentivirus transfection inhibited H2O2-induced neuronal damage reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the intra-mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, but not cytosolic Ca2+ increase after H2O2 treatment, was strongly attenuated after Sirt3 overexpression. Overexpression of Sirt3 also increased the content of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related transcription factors. All these results suggest that Sirt3 acts as a prosurvival factor playing an essential role to protect cortical neurons under H2O2 induced oxidative stress, possibly through regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yu-Hai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 101th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Rescue Center of Craniocerebral Injuries of PLA, Wuxi 214044, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 101th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Rescue Center of Craniocerebral Injuries of PLA, Wuxi 214044, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wei Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yue-Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xiao-Fan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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