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Zhang J, Guo T, Liu X, Guo S, Wang Y, Zhu B, Zhang M, Gao X, Wang J. Apoptin and apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 plasmid-assisted multi-functional nanoparticles in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126870. [PMID: 37703966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer drugs usually have side effects in chemotherapy. Apoptin, a protein recognized by its good therapeutical effect on tumors and innocuous to body, is employed to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As our previous data shown, the efficiency of apoptin protein might be limited by the protein of apaf-1. Therefore, we designed the multi-functional nanoparticles (MFNPs) encapsulating apoptin and apaf-1 plasmids by layer-by layer assembly. The NPs could release drugs into tumor site specifically and had good compatibility to normal cells and tissues. The groups of biotin, ε-polylysine, and nuclear localization signal in MFNPs conferred NPs the capabilities to enter cancer cells specifically, escape lysosome and enter the nucleus, respectively. In vitro inhibition experiment and in vivo anti-tumor therapy confirmed MFNPs as an excellent carrier to treat HCC. In addition, the dual-drug system was superior to any of the single-drug system. The mechanism analysis proved that supplement of the protein of apaf-1 might enhance apoptosome formation, causing the increase of therapeutical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuyue Guo
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Baokuan Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiujun Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin 300070, China.
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2
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Wang Q, Chen C, Xu X, Shu C, Cao C, Wang Z, Fu Y, Xu L, Xu K, Xu J, Xia A, Wang B, Xu G, Zou X, Su R, Kang W, Xue Y, Mo R, Sun B, Wang S. APAF1-Binding Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Tumor Growth and Multidrug Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Blocking Apoptosome Assembly. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2201889. [PMID: 35975461 PMCID: PMC9534967 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics remain the first choice for advanced gastric cancers (GCs). However, drug resistance and unavoidable severe toxicity lead to chemotherapy failure and poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression in many cancers, including GC. Here, through RNA screening, an apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (APAF1)-binding lncRNA (ABL) that is significantly elevated in cancerous GC tissues and an independent prognostic factor for GC patients is identified. Moreover, ABL overexpression inhibits GC cell apoptosis and promotes GC cell survival and multidrug resistance in GC xenograft and organoid models. Mechanistically, ABL directly binds to the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 via its KH1/2 domain, and then IGF2BP1 further recognizes the METTL3-mediated m6A modification on ABL, which maintains ABL stability. In addition, ABL can bind to the WD1/WD2 domain of APAF1, which competitively prevent cytochrome c from interacting with APAF1, blocking apoptosome assembly and caspase-9/3 activation; these events lead to resistance to cell death in GC cells. Intriguingly, targeting ABL using encapsulated liposomal siRNA can significantly enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapy. Collectively, the results suggest that ABL can be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Chuanjun Shu
- Department of BioinformaticsSchool of Biomedical Engineering and InformaticsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Changchang Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhangding Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of PathologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Kaiyue Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Anliang Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
| | - Ruibao Su
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyInstitute of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Translational OncologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongSAR999077China
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA BiologyInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Ran Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesCenter of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and BiomaterialsSchool of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210000China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210000China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
- Center for Public Health ResearchMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing210000China
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3
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Wang Z, Qu K, Zhou L, Ren L, Ren B, Meng F, Yu W, Wang H, Fan H. Apaf1 nanoLuc biosensors identified lentinan as a potent synergizer of cisplatin in targeting hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:45-51. [PMID: 34507064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies that is difficult to treat due to late diagnosis and chemo-resistance. In the present study, we developed and validated a cell based split nanoLuc biosensor to monitor the Apaf1-Apaf1 interactions in response to apoptosis-inducing drugs such as cisplatin. We showed that the activity of split nanoLuc is reconstituted only in response to apoptotic inducer, cisplatin and in a dose-dependent manner. Apaf1 mutants which were unable to oligomerize failed to recover nanoLuc activity while constitutively active variant increased the nanoLuc activity. Generation of Apaf1 knockout HepG2 and treatment with cisplatin showed dramatic reduction in cell death suggesting that cisplatin mainly targets liver cancer cells through apoptosis. As the natural products are potent sources of compounds for adjuvant therapy, we screened a collection of natural products and identified lentinan as an inducer of apoptosome formation, a key step for induction of apoptosis. Lentinan is a polysaccharide with antitumor, pro-apoptotic properties that functions with poorly understood mechanisms. Lentinan was shown to have cytotoxic effects with the IC50 of 650 μM. Sub-lethal lentinan concentration doubled the nanoLuc activity when co-treated with cisplatin. We also showed that lentinan hugely reduced the dose of cisplatin to induce certain amount of death and that lentinan co-treatment with cisplatin enhanced the Apaf1 transcription in HepG2 cells while lentinan or cisplatin alone failed to alter the transcription. In addition, lentinan and cisplatin co-treatment induced mitochondrial depolarization. This suggested that lentinan combinatorial therapy with cisplatin engaged a different signalling pathway to kill the liver cancer cells and that adjuvant therapy with lentinan can reduce the dose of cisplatin and thus reduce the possibility of chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Haijiu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, China.
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Han T, Huang J, Gu J, Xie Q, Zhong Y, Huang T. Hepatitis B virus surface protein induces sperm dysfunction through the activation of a Bcl2/Bax signaling cascade triggering AIF/Endo G-mediated apoptosis. Andrology 2021; 9:944-955. [PMID: 33382193 PMCID: PMC8247882 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was found to exist in semen and male germ cells of patients with chronic HBV infection. Our previous studies demonstrated that HBV surface protein (HBs) could induce sperm dysfunction by activating a calcium signaling cascade and triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, the relationship between sperm dysfunction caused by HBs and caspase-independent apoptosis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of HBs exposure on sperm dysfunction by activating caspase-independent apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spermatozoa were exposed to HBs at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 3 h. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay, ELISA, and zona-free hamster oocyte penetration assays were performed. RESULTS With increasing concentrations of HBs, various parameters of the spermatozoa changed. The number of Bcl2-positive cells declined and that of both Bax-positive cells and Apaf-1-positive cells increased. The transcription level of Bcl2 increased and that of both Bax and Apaf-1 declined. The average levels of AIF and Endo G declined in mitochondria and increased in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The sperm DNA fragmentation index increased. The mean percentages of live spermatozoa declined and that of both injured and dead spermatozoa increased; and the sperm penetration rate declined. For the aforementioned parameters, the differences between the test and the control groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSION HBs exposure can activate the Bax/Bcl2 signaling cascade that triggers AIF/Endo G-mediated apoptosis, resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm injury, and death, and a decrease in the sperm fertilizing capacity. This new knowledge will help to evaluate the negative impact of HBV on male fertility in HBV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ting Han
- Research Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Ji‐Hua Huang
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
| | - Jiang Gu
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyCollaborative and Creative Center of Shantou UniversityShantouChina
| | - Qing‐Dong Xie
- Research Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Ying Zhong
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
| | - Tian‐Hua Huang
- Research Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
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Noori AR, Tashakor A, Nikkhah M, Eriksson LA, Hosseinkhani S, Fearnhead HO. Loss of WD2 subdomain of Apaf-1 forms an apoptosome structure which blocks activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Biochimie 2020; 180:23-29. [PMID: 33132160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Split luciferase complementary assay has been used to investigate the effect of WD domain deletion on Apaf-1 oligomerization. Apaf-1 is an adaptor molecule in formation of apoptosome that activates caspase-9, an activation that is a key event in the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Structural studies suggest that normally Apaf-1 is held in an inactive conformation by intramolecular interactions between Apaf-1's nucleotide binding domain and one of its WD40 domains (WD1). In the prevailing model of Apaf-1 activation, cytochrome c binds to sites in WD1 and in Apaf-1's second WD40 domain (WD2), moving WD1 and WD2 closer together and rotating WD1 away from the nucleotide binding domain. This allows Apaf-1 to bind dATP or ATP and to form the apoptosome, which activates caspase-9. This model predicts that cytochrome c binding to both WD domains is necessary for apoptosome formation and that an Apaf-1 with only WD1 will be locked in an inactive conformation that cannot be activated by cytochrome c. Here we investigated the effect of removing one WD domain (Apaf-1 1-921) on Apaf-1 interactions and caspase activation. Apaf-1 1-921 could not activate caspase-9, even in the presence of cytochrome c. These data show that a single WD domain is sufficient to lock Apaf-1 in an inactive state and this state cannot be altered by cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Reza Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tashakor
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Howard O Fearnhead
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Lukosiute-Urboniene A, Mazeike A, Kazokaite M, Silkuniene G, Silkunas M, Barauskas V, Barauskas G, Gulbinas A, Dauksa A, Dambrauskas Z. Epigenetic Regulation of APAF-1 Through DNA Methylation in Pancreatic Cancer. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:3765-3779. [PMID: 32620616 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF-1) is essential regulator of apoptosis and inactivation by DNA methylation is common event in numerous cancer types. We investigated the regulation of APAF-1 through DNA methylation in pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Datasets from 44 patients after pancreatoduodenectomy and the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines Capan-2 and MIA PaCa-2 treated with decitabine were analyzed by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, methylation-specific PCR analysis, apoptosis and viability assays to identify effects of APAF-1 regulation. RESULTS APAF-1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly down-regulated, and APAF-1 methylation status was associated with perineural invasion in PDAC. Decitabine inhibited cell viability and increased apoptosis rates, however failed to restore APAF-1 mRNA and protein levels in cells. CONCLUSION APAF-1 gene hypermethylation may contribute to the progression of PDAC through perineural invasion. Decitabine could sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to apoptosis and growth retardation, however, not directly through the APAF-1 demethylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Lukosiute-Urboniene
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Mintaute Kazokaite
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Silkuniene
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Silkunas
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Barauskas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Barauskas
- Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Gulbinas
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Dauksa
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zilvinas Dambrauskas
- Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Brumwell A, Fell L, Obress L, Uniacke J. Hypoxia influences polysome distribution of human ribosomal protein S12 and alternative splicing of ribosomal protein mRNAs. RNA 2020; 26:361-371. [PMID: 31911497 PMCID: PMC7025504 DOI: 10.1261/rna.070318.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes were once considered static in their composition because of their essential role in protein synthesis and kingdom-wide conservation. The existence of tolerated mutations in select ribosomal proteins (RPs), such as in Diamond-Blackfan anemia, is evidence that not all ribosome components are essential. Heterogeneity in the protein composition of eukaryotic ribosomes is an emerging concept with evidence that different pools of ribosomes exist with transcript-specificity. Here, we show that the polysome association of ribosomal proteins is altered by low oxygen (hypoxia), a feature of the tumor microenvironment, in human cells. We quantified ribosomal protein abundance in actively translating polysomes of normoxic and hypoxic HEK293 cells by tandem mass tags mass spectrometry. Our data suggest that RPS12 (eS12) is enriched in hypoxic monosomes, which increases the heavy polysome association of structured transcripts APAF-1 and XIAP. Furthermore, hypoxia induced five alternative splicing events within a subset of RP mRNAs in cell lines. One of these events in RPS24 (eS24 protein) alters the coding sequence to produce two protein isoforms that can incorporate into ribosomes. This splicing event is greatly induced in spheroids and correlates with tumor hypoxia in human prostate cancer. Our data suggest that hypoxia may influence the composition of the human ribosome through changes in RP incorporation and the production of hypoxia-specific RP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brumwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leslie Fell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lindsay Obress
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James Uniacke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Xu Y, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang H, Teng X. miR-187-5p/apaf-1 axis was involved in oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis caused by ammonia via mitochondrial pathway in chicken livers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 388:114869. [PMID: 31863799 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3), a toxic gas, is an important cause of atmospheric haze and one of the main pollutants in air environment of poultry houses, threatening the health of human beings and poultry. However, little is known about the effect of NH3 on liver apoptotic damage. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis caused by NH3 in chicken livers and whether miR-187-5p/apaf-1 axis was involved in this mechanism. Here we duplicated NH3 poisoning model of chickens for fattening to study the ultrastructure of chicken livers, apoptosis rate, oxidative stress indexes, miR-187-5p, and apoptosis-related genes. Obvious apoptotic characteristics of liver tissues exposed to excess NH3 were observed, and the apoptosis rate increased. Excess NH3 decreased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), suggesting that oxidative stress occurred. miR-187-5p decreased, and apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (apaf-1) increased, indicating that excess NH3 dysregulated miR-187-5p/apaf-1 axis. The expression of tumor protein p53 (p53), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak), Cytochrome-c (Cyt-c), Caspase-9, Caspase-8, and Caspase-3 was promoted, and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was inhibited, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, oxidative stress indexes, miR-187-5p, and apoptosis-related genes changed in dose- and time-dependent manner. Altogether, miR-187-5p/apaf-1 axis participated in oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis caused by NH3 via mitochondrial pathway in the livers of chickens for fattening. This study may provide new ideas to study the mechanism of liver apoptotic damage induced by NH3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Escobar-García DM, Escobedo-Márquez N, Méndez-González V, González-Amaro AM, Flores-Reyes H, Pozos-Guillén A. Cytotoxicity, Cell Adhesion, and Apoptotic Gene Expression in Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts treated with Endodontic Sealers. P R Health Sci J 2019; 38:237-243. [PMID: 31935309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study assessed cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and apoptotic gene expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) treated with 2 endodontic sealers. METHODS PLF cells were obtained from nonerupted third molars and cultured. MTS and LIVE/DEAD assays were performed using different treatments and time periods. Cellular adhesion was evaluated using immunocytochemistry for integrin β1 and vinculin expression, and the gene expressions of nuclear factor kB (NF-кB), P53, and apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) were evaluated using PCR. RESULTS Cell proliferation at 12, 24, and 48 h was statistically significant in the control and PLF groups receiving different treatments; PLF treated with culture medium containing non-hardened (NH) sealers showed a decrease in the number of cells. PLF treated with culture medium containing hardened (H) sealers also exhibited a decreased cell population. Integrin β1 and vinculin were expressed in both cell cultures treated with Acroseal (NH and H); however, the cell morphology changed and the cell population decreased. The gene expression of NF-kB and that of P53 were significantly different between the control group and the groups treated with the different sealers; mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (NH and H) inhibited Apaf-1, and PLF treated with Acroseal H exhibited increased Apaf-1 expression. CONCLUSION Both sealers showed a certain level of cytotoxicity. The gene expression of NF-κB and P53 in PLF treated with the sealers showed significant changes compared to that of the control group, and MTA inhibited Apaf-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana María Escobar-García
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosí University, San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Nathalie Escobedo-Márquez
- Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Verónica Méndez-González
- Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Ana María González-Amaro
- Endodontic Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Héctor Flores-Reyes
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosí University, San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosí University, San Luis Potosí, SLP México
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Li ML, Lin JY, Chen BS, Weng KF, Shih SR, Calderon JD, Tolbert BS, Brewer G. EV71 3C protease induces apoptosis by cleavage of hnRNP A1 to promote apaf-1 translation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221048. [PMID: 31498791 PMCID: PMC6733512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) induces apoptosis to promote viral particle release. Earlier work showed that EV71 utilizes its 3C protease to induce apoptosis in a caspase-3-dependent pathway, though the mechanism is unknown. However, work from Vagner, Holcik and colleagues showed that host protein heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) binds the IRES of cellular apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (apaf-1) mRNA to repress its translation. In this work, we show that apaf-1 expression is essential for EV71-induced apoptosis. EV71 infection or ectopic expression of 3C protease cleaves hnRNP A1, which abolishes its binding to the apaf-1 IRES. This allows IRES-dependent synthesis of apaf-1, activation of caspase-3, and apoptosis. Thus, we reveal a novel mechanism that EV71 utilizes for virus release via a 3C protease-hnRNP A1-apaf-1-caspase-3-apoptosis axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jing-Yi Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shiun Chen
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Weng
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jesse Davila Calderon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Blanton S. Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Gary Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
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Park EJ, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Lee K, Yoon C. Whole cigarette smoke condensates induce ferroptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2019; 303:55-66. [PMID: 30579903 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is responsible for many fatal pulmonary diseases, however, the toxic mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we first confirmed that whole cigarette smoke condensates (WCSC) contain hydrophilic elements, lipophilic and gaseous components. Then, we treated BEAS-2B cells, a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line, at dosages of 0.25, 0.5, and 1% for 24 h and explored the toxic mechanism. Cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and fission and fusion of mitochondria, damage of endoplasmic reticulume (ER) structures, and formation of autophagosome-like vacuoles were found in cells treated with 1% WCSC. Mitochondrial and ER volumes, lysosomal fluorescence intensity, LDH release, and intracellular ROS levels notably decreased at the highest doses compared with the control, whereas intracellular calcium ion and NO levels were significantly elevated accompanying G2/M phase arrest. Expression of an iron-binding nuclear protein-related gene (pirin) was the most up-regulated in the WCSC-treated cells with enhanced expression of antioxidant-related genes, whereas expression of carbonic anhydrase IX gene, a marker of tumor hypoxia, was the most down-regulated. Additionally, levels of apoptosis (BAX, Apaf-1, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP), autophagy (p62 and LC3B-II), ER stress (PERK, IRE-1a, Bip, and CHOP), antioxidant (SOD-1 and SOD-2), and MAPkinase activation (p-ERK, p-p38, and p-JNK)-related proteins were clearly enhanced following exposure to WCSC, whereas expression of several mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins was reduced with dose. Interestingly, expression of ferritin protein (light chain) was dramatically enhanced near the ER along with that of p62 protein. More importantly, the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway and ferroptosis were proposed among the 20 terms in KEGG pathway analysis, and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, which are involved in hypoxia-induced inflammation, were clearly elevated with dose. Taken together, we suggest that WCSC may induce ferroptosis in bronchial epithelial cells via ER stress and disturbed homeostasis in mitochondrial dynamics caused by induction of hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Li L, Wang Y, Qin X, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Echinacoside protects retinal ganglion cells from ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in the rat retina. Mol Vis 2018; 24:746-758. [PMID: 30581281 PMCID: PMC6279312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether echinacoside (ECH) protects the retina against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, sham plus ECH, I/R plus vehicle, and I/R plus ECH. Before the retinal I/R injury produced by high intraocular pressure (HOP), ECH was administered (20 mg/kg daily) for 7 days. The level of retinal cell damage was evaluated using Fluoro-Gold (FG) retrograde labeling and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) analysis 7 days after I/R. Optic nerve histology was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined. The expression of apoptosis-associated factors (Apaf-1, Parp, and Bad) were analyzed with western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 7 days after the I/R injury as well. Results The administration of ECH not only preserved retinal morphology but also attenuated retinal inflammation and apoptosis at 7 days after the I/R injury and decreased I/R-induced oxidative stress in the retina statistically significantly. Conclusions ECH protected against I/R-induced retinal injury, via activation of antioxidant enzymes and suppression of inflammation. Therefore, ECH could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment and management of I/R retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YeFei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XiuHong Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, DaLian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - ZhenZhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ghiasi P, Hosseinkhani S, Ansari H, Aghdami N, Balalaei S, Pahlavan S, Baharvand H. Reversible permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane promotes human cardiomyocyte differentiation from embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:521-536. [PMID: 30071126 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death and differentiation appear to share similar cellular features. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether differentiation and mitochondrial cell death use a common pathway. We assessed the hallmarks of apoptosis during cardiomyocyte differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and found remarkable changes in P53, reactive oxygen species, apoptotic protease-activating factor 1, poly[ADP-ribose]polymerase 1, cellular adenosine triphosphate, and mitochondrial complex I activity. Furthermore, we observed reversible mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during cardiomyocyte differentiation accompanied by reversible loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and these changes coincided with the fluctuating patterns of cytosolic cytochrome c accumulation and subsequent caspase-9 and -3/7 activation. Moreover, the use of apoptosis inhibitors (BCL2-associated X protein [BAX] inhibitor and caspase-3/7 inhibitor) during differentiation impaired cardiomyocyte development, resulting in substantial downregulation of T, MESP1, NKX2.5, and α-MHC. Additionally, although the expression of specific differentiation markers (T, MESP1, NKX2.5, MEF2C, GATA4, and SOX17) was enhanced in doxorubicin-induced human embryonic stem cells, the stemness-specific markers (OCT4 and NANOG) showed significant downregulation. With increasing doxorubicin concentration (0.03-0.6 µM; IC50 = 0.5 µM), we observed a marked increase in the expression of mesoderm and endoderm markers. In summary, we suggest that reversible mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation through an attenuated mitochondria-mediated apoptosis-like pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghiasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Balalaei
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Cao Z, Yang Q, Yin H, Qi Q, Li H, Sun G, Wang H, Liu W, Li J. Peroxynitrite induces apoptosis of mouse cochlear hair cells via a Caspase-independent pathway in vitro. Apoptosis 2017; 22:1419-1430. [PMID: 28900799 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a potent and versatile oxidant implicated in a number of pathophysiological processes. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ONOO- on the cultured cochlear hair cells (HCs) of C57BL/6 mice in vitro as well as the possible mechanism underlying the action of such an oxidative stress. The in vitro primary cultured cochlear HCs were subjected to different concentrations of ONOO-, then, the cell survival and morphological changes were examined by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the apoptosis was determined by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUNT nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, the mRNA expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Apaf1, Bcl-2, and Bax were analyzed by RT-PCR, and the protein expressions of Caspase-3 and AIF were assessed by immunofluorescence. This work demonstrated that direct exposure of primary cultured cochlear HCs to ONOO- could result in a base-to-apex gradient injury of HCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, ONOO- led to much more losses of outer hair cells than inner hair cells mainly through the induction of apoptosis of HCs as evidenced by TEM and TUNEL assays. The mRNA expressions of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Apaf1, and Bax were increased and, meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was decreased in response to ONOO- treatment. Of interesting, the expression of Caspase-3 had no significant change, whereas, the expression alteration of AIF was observed. These results suggested that ONOO- can effectively damage the survival of cochlear HCs via triggering the apoptotic pathway. The findings from this work suggest that ONOO--induced apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, via a Caspase-independent pathway in cochlear HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoying Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Ratn A, Awasthi Y, Kumar M, Singh SK, Tripathi R, Trivedi SP. Phorate induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and differential expression of p53, apaf-1 and cat genes in fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Chemosphere 2017; 182:382-391. [PMID: 28511133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the in-vivo activities of certain molecular biomarkers under the impact of phorate exposure. Fish, Channa punctatus (35 ± 3.0 g; 14.5 ± 1.0 cm; Actinopterygii) were subjected to semi-static conditions having 5% (0.0375 mg/L for T1 group) and 10% of 96 h-LC50 (0.075 mg/L for T2 group) of phorate exposure for 15 and 30 d. The oxidative stress was assessed in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. DNA damage was measured as induction of micronuclei (MN) and consequent differential expression of apoptotic genes-tumor suppressor (p53), apoptotic peptidase activating factor-1 (apaf-1) and catalase (cat) in liver and kidney, two major sites of biotransformation in fish, were quantified. Our findings reveal significant (p < 0.001) augmentations in SOD and CAT activities of liver and kidney tissues. MN frequency in erythrocytes of fish also increases significantly (p < 0.05) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The mRNA level of p53 increased significantly (p < 0.05) in liver at 10% of 96 h-LC50 of phorate exposure after 30 d suggesting generation of stress due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Eventually, these findings decipher the dual role of ROS in generating genotoxicity as is evident by micronuclei induction and differential regulation of p53, apaf-1 and cat genes during the phorate induced DNA damage and apoptosis in test fish. The experimental inferences drawn on the basis of activities of aforesaid biomarkers shall be helpful in elucidating the possible causes of apoptosis under stressful conditions. Further, this study finds ample application in biomonitoring of phorate polluted aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ratn
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Yashika Awasthi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Renu Tripathi
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
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16
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Shi G, Wang Q, Zhou X, Li J, Liu H, Gu J, Wang H, Wu Y, Ding L, Ni S, Tang Z. Response of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells to the influence of Wogonin with SGK1 dynamics. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:302-310. [PMID: 28338770 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of significant studies in the field of cell biology have revealed another pattern of intracellular signal transduction in which cells transmit information through the dynamics of key signaling molecules. Dynamical properties of p53 have been demonstrated to be the key factor in dictating cell fate, including cell cycle arrest, permanent cell cycle arrest, and cell death. Previous studies showed a negative feedback regulation pathway between SGK1 and p53, but the dynamics of SGK1 have never been reported before. Therefore, we used different dosing strategies of Wogonin to affect SGK1 dynamics and investigate its impact on cell response. Key factors, such as APAF1, BAX, GADD45A, p21, PML, and YPEL3, which are related to cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis, were measured at different time points after incubation with Wogonin. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to examine protein and mRNA expression of these genes. In addition, we also used β-galactosidase staining and flow cytometric analysis to further verify the results. It was found that Wogonin inhibited cell viability and downregulated SGK1 protein levels; 20 μM Wogonin could induce non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells into cell cycle arrest/senescence/apoptosis after 0.5/2/4 h, respectively; and SGK1 dynamics showed significant differences under different cell responses. Together, our findings showed that SGK1 protein dynamics can be an important part of intracellular signaling, directly influencing cellular response decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Songshi Ni
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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17
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Lo Muzio L, Santarelli A, Emanuelli M, Pierella F, Sartini D, Staibano S, Rubini C, De Rosa G. Genetic Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by cDNA Microarrays Focused Apoptotic Pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 19:675-82. [PMID: 17026852 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated mRNA expression of the genes involved in the apoptotic mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by cDNA microarray. The aim of this study was to identify genes mainly involved in tumorigenesis, comparing the difference of gene expression in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues. Eight frozen samples of OSCC and the corresponding normal oral mucosa were treated to obtain mRNA. The mRNA extracted from these specimens was converted into cDNA and analyzed with “SuperArray GEArray Q Series Human Apoptosis Gene Array kit”. Our results showed that in OSCC there is a different expression of CRADD, FADD, ATM and APAF-1 genes compared to normal mucosa. Real-Time PCR, and Western blot analysis were performed on a separate cohort of patients in order to confirm the results obtained by DNA microarray. Our analysis of apoptotic process through microarray technology confirmed that different molecules could be responsible or favour the imbalance of apoptosis in cancer tissues. Microarray technology has made it possible to analyze the expression of multiple genes in a single experiment. However, most commercial array kits, designed to include as many genes as possible, produce a vast amount of data that often is difficult to interpret. In addition, the cost of equipment is often prohibitive. In contrast, the focused kit used was a complete, affordable and effective method to improve knowledge of molecular specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lo Muzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Foggia, Italy.
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18
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Quan C, Shi Y, Wang C, Wang C, Yang K. p,p'-DDE damages spermatogenesis via phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:593-600. [PMID: 25410718 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism by which p,p'-DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate some mechanisms involved in this process, including the mitochondria apoptosis pathway and the role of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Puberty male SD rats were given different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/kg body weight), after the treatment, the semen quality was evaluated. Western blotting was used to detect the PHGPx protein expression. Furthermore, real-time PCR was used to analyze the genetic expression of PHGPx, Bax, Cytochrom C (Cyt C), Apaf-1, and caspase-3 in the testis. Results indicated that after the exposure, sperm malformation rate showed a significant rise compared with the control group, and meanwhile, the sperm density and sperm motility parameters were reduced to some extent in different treated groups. The mitochondria apoptosis pathway was activated. And remarkably, the expression of PHGPx protein was greatly reduced by the exposure. We conclude that p,p'-DDE can damage spermatogenesis via PHGPx depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Quan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqin Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of epidemiology and health statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hanyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengmin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kedi Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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19
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Zekri AN, Sobhy E, Hussein N, Ahmed OS, Hussein A, Shoman S, Soliman AH, ElDin HMA. E1/E2 of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype4 and Apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:3131-3138. [PMID: 27509941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have addressed the possible role of hepatitis C virus genotype4 (HCV GT4) in apoptosis. However, this still not fully understood. In the current study a reconstructed clone of E1/E2 polyprotein region of the HCV GT4 was transfected into the Huh7 cell line and a human apoptotic PCR array of 84 genes was used to investigate its possible significance for apoptosis. Out of the 84 genes, only 35 showed significant differential expression, 12 genes being upregulated and 23 downregulated. The highestup regulated genes were APAF1 (apoptotic peptidaseactivating factor 1), BID (BH3 interacting domain death agonist) and BCL 10 (Bcell CLL/ lymphoma protein 10) with fold regulation of 33.2, 30.1 and 18.9, respectively. The most downregulated were FAS (TNF receptor super family), TNFRSF10B (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10b) and FADD (FASassociated death domain) with fold regulation of 30.2, 27.7 and 14.9, respectively. These results suggest that the E1/E2 proteins may be involved in HCVinduced pathogenesis by modulating apoptosis through the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and disruption of the BCL2 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdelRahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt Email :
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Shakeri R, Hosseinkhani S, Los MJ, Davoodi J, Jain MV, Cieślar-Pobuda A, Rafat M, Ardestani SK. Role of the salt bridge between glutamate 546 and arginine 907 in preservation of autoinhibited form of Apaf-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:370-4. [PMID: 26277751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apaf-1, the key element of apoptotic mitochondrial pathway, normally exists in an auto-inhibited form inside the cytosol. WRD-domain of Apaf-1 has a critical role in the preservation of auto-inhibited form; however the underlying mechanism is unclear. It seems the salt bridges between WRD and NOD domains are involved in maintaining the inactive conformation of Apaf-1. At the present study, we have investigated the effect of E546-R907 salt bridge on the maintenance of auto-inhibited form of human Apaf-1. E546 is mutated to glutamine (Q) and arginine (R). Over-expression of wild type Apaf-1 and its E546Q and E546R variants in HEK293T cells does not induce apoptosis unlike - HL-60 cancer cell line. In vitro apoptosome formation assay showed that all variants are cytochrome c and dATP dependent to form apoptosome and activate endogenous procaspase-9 in Apaf-1-knockout MEF cell line. These results suggest that E546 is not a critical residue for preservation of auto-inhibited Apaf-1. Furthermore, the behavior of Apaf-1 variants for in vitro apoptosome formation in HEK293T cell is similar to exogenous wild type Apaf-1. Wild type and its variants can form apoptosome in HEK293T cell with different procaspase-3 processing pattern in the presence and absence of exogenous cytochrome c and dATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Shakeri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marek J Los
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jamshid Davoodi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mayur V Jain
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Artur Cieślar-Pobuda
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Division of Cell Biology, Integrative Regenerative Med. Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mehrdad Rafat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Henrici A, Montalbano R, Neureiter D, Krause M, Stiewe T, Slater EP, Quint K, Ocker M, Di Fazio P. The pan-deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat suppresses the expression of oncogenic miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:585-97. [PMID: 24375802 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deacetylase inhibitors (DACi) are a new class of drugs with a broad spectrum of mechanisms that favor their application in cancer therapy. Currently, the exact mechanisms and cellular effects of DACi have not been fully elucidated. In addition to their effects on histone acetylation, DACi can interfere with gene expression via miRNA pathways. Treatment with panobinostat (LBH589), a novel potent DACi, led to the highly aberrant modulation of several miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines as shown by miRNA array analysis. Among them, hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-19b1 and the corresponding precursors were down-regulated by panobinostat in TP53(-/-) Hep3B and TP53(+/+) HepG2 cell lines; hsa-miR30a-5p mature form only was suppressed in both HCC cell lines, as confirmed by further RT-qPCR analysis. In HCC cell lines, panobinostat caused the upregulation of the predicted miRNA targets APAF1 and Beclin1 protein levels. Transfection with oligonucleotides mimicking these miRNAs led to an increase in the viability rate of both cell lines as analyzed by impedance-based real-time cell analysis. In addition, transfecting miRNA mimicking oligonucleotides resulted in the decrease of APAF1, Beclin1 and PAK6 at the protein level, proving the regulating influence of the investigated miRNAs on gene final products. The overexpression of the above mentioned oncomiRs in Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines leads to cell proliferation and downregulation of cell death associated proteins. In our model, panobinostat exerts its anti-cancer effect by suppressing these miRNAs and restoring the expression of their corresponding tumor suppressor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Henrici
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Montalbano
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Krause
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emily Prentice Slater
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl Quint
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ocker
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pietro Di Fazio
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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22
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De Zio D, Molinari F, Rizza S, Gatta L, Ciotti MT, Salvatore AM, Mathiassen SG, Cwetsch AW, Filomeni G, Rosano G, Ferraro E. Apaf1-deficient cortical neurons exhibit defects in axonal outgrowth. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4173-91. [PMID: 25975226 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal polarity and axonal outgrowth are key processes affecting neuronal migration and synapse formation, their impairment likely leading to cognitive deficits. Here we have found that the apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf1), apart from its canonical role in apoptosis, plays an additional function in cortical neurons, where its deficiency specifically impairs axonal growth. Given the central role played by centrosomes and microtubules in the polarized extension of the axon, our data suggest that Apaf1-deletion affects axonal outgrowth through an impairment of centrosome organization. In line with this, centrosomal protein expression, as well as their centrosomal localization proved to be altered upon Apaf1-deletion. Strikingly, we also found that Apaf1-loss affects trans-Golgi components and leads to a robust activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), this confirming the stressful conditions induced by Apaf1-deficiency. Since AMPK hyper-phosphorylation is known to impair a proper axon elongation, our finding contributes to explain the effect of Apaf1-deficiency on axogenesis. We also discovered that the signaling pathways mediating axonal growth and involving glycogen synthase kinase-3β, liver kinase B1, and collapsing-response mediator protein-2 are altered in Apaf1-KO neurons. Overall, our results reveal a novel non-apoptotic role for Apaf1 in axonal outgrowth, suggesting that the neuronal phenotype due to Apaf1-deletion could not only be fully ascribed to apoptosis inhibition, but might also be the result of defects in axogenesis. The discovery of new molecules involved in axonal elongation has a clinical relevance since it might help to explain neurological abnormalities occurring during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Zio
- Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesca Molinari
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucia Gatta
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salvatore
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Søs Grønbæk Mathiassen
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Department of Biology, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolism, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.
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Ashur-Fabian O, Adamsky K, Trakhtenbrot L, Cohen Y, Raanani P, Hardan I, Nagler A, Rechavi G, Amariglio N. Apaf1 in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Progression: Reduced Apaf1 Expression is Correlated with a H179R p53 Mutation During Clinical Blast Crisis. Cell Cycle 2014; 6:589-94. [PMID: 17361096 DOI: 10.4161/cc.6.5.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disorder that eventually progresses to a blast crisis phase (BC) characterized by distorted apoptotic pathways. The exact mechanism leading to failure in apoptotic pathways during CML progression is unclear. In view of the central role of p53 and apaf1 in the apoptotic machinery we examined six human paired chronic and BC phases samples for their expression. Real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) experiments showed an elevation of p53 mRNA in all patients during transition to BC. However, elevation of apaf1 during BC was observed in five patients only. In contrast, one patient displayed a significant 11.5-fold reduction of apaf1 expression during the transition to BC. No apaf1 promoter methylation was observed. The reduced apaf1 expression was accompanied by a trans-dominant point mutation (H179R) in one p53 allele and the loss of the other. This mutant p53, when tested using functionality assays, was unable to activate apaf1, consequently explaining the reduced expression observed in this patient. Furthermore, the same mutant failed to activate either genes involved in apoptotic or cell cycle arrest pathways, and can be considered as a complete loss of function mutation. This specific mutation was reported in several types of cancer, but was not implicated in CML. To conclude, in this study we have demonstrated mRNA elevation of p53 and apaf1 during CML blast crisis, indicating that genes and proteins involved in cellular apoptosis might be involved in disease progression/response to therapy. Moreover, the mutated p53 discovered in the patient exhibiting lowered apaf1 expression provides, in a clinical case, the first correlation between p53 and apaf1 transcription regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
Recent advances in microRNAome have made microRNAs (miRNAs) a compelling novel class of biomarker in cancer biology. In the present study, the role of miR-23a in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activation analyses were conducted to determine the potentiality of apoptosis resistance function of miR-23a in CRC. Luciferase assay was performed to verify a putative target site of miR-23a in the 3'-UTR of apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) mRNA. The expression levels of miR-23a and APAF1 in CRC cell lines (SW480 and SW620) and clinical samples were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. We found that the inhibition of miR-23a in SW480 and SW620 cell lines resulted in significant reduction of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-23a up-regulation was coupled with APAF1 down-regulation in CRC tissue samples. Taken together, miR-23a was identified to regulate apoptosis in CRC. Our study highlights the potential application of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in miRNA-based therapy and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Lin Yong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Woon Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia.
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wei Law
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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25
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Yong FL, Wang CW, Roslani AC, Law CW. The involvement of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11713-29. [PMID: 24992592 PMCID: PMC4139809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microRNAome have made microRNAs (miRNAs) a compelling novel class of biomarker in cancer biology. In the present study, the role of miR-23a in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activation analyses were conducted to determine the potentiality of apoptosis resistance function of miR-23a in CRC. Luciferase assay was performed to verify a putative target site of miR-23a in the 3'-UTR of apoptosis protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) mRNA. The expression levels of miR-23a and APAF1 in CRC cell lines (SW480 and SW620) and clinical samples were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. We found that the inhibition of miR-23a in SW480 and SW620 cell lines resulted in significant reduction of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-23a up-regulation was coupled with APAF1 down-regulation in CRC tissue samples. Taken together, miR-23a was identified to regulate apoptosis in CRC. Our study highlights the potential application of miR-23a/APAF1 regulation axis in miRNA-based therapy and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Lin Yong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Woon Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia.
| | - April Camilla Roslani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chee Wei Law
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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26
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Das S, Das J, Samadder A, Paul A, Khuda-Bukhsh AR. Strategic formulation of apigenin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for intracellular trafficking, DNA targeting and improved therapeutic effects in skin melanoma in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:124-38. [PMID: 24070738 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the evaluation of anti-proliferative potentials of apigenin (Ap), (a dietary flavonoid) loaded in poly (lactic-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NAp) in A375 cells in vitro. NAp was characterized for particle size, morphology, zeta potential, drug release and encapsulation. Cellular entry and intracellular localization of NAp were assessed by transmission electron and confocal microscopies. Circular dichroic spectral analysis and stability curve for Gibb's free energy of dsDNA of A375 cells were also analyzed. DNA fragmentation, intracellular ROS accumulation, superoxide-dismutase activity, intracellular glutathione-reductase content and mitochondrial functioning through relevant markers like mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ATPase activity, ATP/ADP ratio, volume changes/swelling, cytochrome-c release, expressions of Apaf-1, bax, bcl-2, caspase-9, 3, and PARP cleavage were analyzed. NAp produced better effects due to their smaller size, faster mobility and site-specific action. Photostability studies revealed that PLGA encapsulations were efficient at preserving apigenin ultraviolet-light mediated photodegradation. NAp readily entered cancer cells, could intercalate with dsDNA, inducing conformational change. Corresponding increase in ROS accumulation and depletion of the antioxidant enzyme activities exacerbated DNA damage, mediating apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall results indicate that therapeutic efficacy of NAp may be enhanced by PLGA nanoparticle formulations to have better ameliorative potentials in combating skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreemanti Das
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India; Boiron Laboratories, Lyon, France
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Park HJ, Jeon YK, You DH, Nam MJ. Daidzein causes cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis via the Bcl-2 family in human hepatic cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:542-9. [PMID: 23959101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, which belongs to the group of isoflavones from soybeans, has been extensively researched prostate, cervix, brain, breast, and colon cancer cell lines. However, daidzein has not been thoroughly investigated in human hepatic cancer cells; therefore, we investigated whether it inhibits hepatic cancer cell growth. Decreased cell proliferation was measured in daidzein-treated hepatic cancer cells (SK-HEP-1) upon real-time cell electronic sensing analysis however, it was not affected on normal human hepatocytes (Chang). Daidzein-induced apoptosis was demonstrated by comet and TUNEL assay. Moreover, we conducted two-dimensional electrophoresis to study the mechanism of daidzein-induced apoptosis in daidzein-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Expression of peroxiredoxin-3 (Prdx-3), which modulates redox homeostasis of cells, was increased in protein analysis. Additionally, we measured the levels of reactive oxygen species and it was decreased in daidzein-treated SKHEP-1 cells. Daidzein-induced apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells was also associated with the up-regulation of Bak and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Moreover, daidzein treatment increased in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of APAF-1, caspase 9 and caspase 3. Overall, these result indicate that daidzein is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, 534-2 Yeonsu-dong, Yeonsu-go, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
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Hau AM, Greenwood JA, Löhr CV, Serrill JD, Proteau PJ, Ganley IG, McPhail KL, Ishmael JE. Coibamide A induces mTOR-independent autophagy and cell death in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65250. [PMID: 23762328 PMCID: PMC3675158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coibamide A is an N-methyl-stabilized depsipeptide that was isolated from a marine cyanobacterium as part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) program based in Panama. Previous testing of coibamide A in the NCI in vitro 60 cancer cell line panel revealed a potent anti-proliferative response and "COMPARE-negative" profile indicative of a unique mechanism of action. We report that coibamide A is a more potent and efficacious cytotoxin than was previously appreciated, inducing concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity (EC50<100 nM) in human U87-MG and SF-295 glioblastoma cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This activity was lost upon linearization of the molecule, highlighting the importance of the cyclized structure for both anti-proliferative and cytotoxic responses. We show that coibamide A induces autophagosome accumulation in human glioblastoma cell types and MEFs via an mTOR-independent mechanism; no change was observed in the phosphorylation state of ULK1 (Ser-757), p70 S6K1 (Thr-389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser-235/236) and 4EBP-1 (Thr-37/46). Coibamide A also induces morphologically and biochemically distinct forms of cell death according to cell type. SF-295 glioblastoma cells showed caspase-3 activation and evidence of apoptotic cell death in a pattern that was also seen in wild-type and autophagy-deficient (ATG5-null) MEFs. In contrast, cell death in U87-MG glioblastoma cells was characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and lacked clear apoptotic features. Cell death was attenuated, but still triggered, in Apaf-1-null MEFs lacking a functional mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. From the study of ATG5-null MEFs we conclude that a conventional autophagy response is not required for coibamide A-induced cell death, but likely occurs in dying cells in response to treatment. Coibamide A represents a natural product scaffold with potential for the study of mTOR-independent signaling and cell death mechanisms in apoptotic-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Hau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Greenwood
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Serrill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Proteau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry L. McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KM); (JI)
| | - Jane E. Ishmael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KM); (JI)
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Andreu-Fernández V, Genovés A, Messeguer A, Orzáez M, Sancho M, Pérez-Payá E. BH3-mimetics- and cisplatin-induced cell death proceeds through different pathways depending on the availability of death-related cellular components. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56881. [PMID: 23437261 PMCID: PMC3578861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Owing to their important function in regulating cell death, pharmacological inhibition of Bcl-2 proteins by dubbed BH3-mimetics is a promising strategy for apoptosis induction or sensitization to chemotherapy. However, the role of Apaf-1, the main protein constituent of the apoptosome, in the process has yet not been analyzed. Furthermore as new chemotherapeutics develop, the possible chemotherapy-induced toxicity to rapidly dividing normal cells, especially sensitive differentiated cells, has to be considered. Such undesirable effects would probably be ameliorated by selectively and locally inhibiting apoptosis in defined sensitive cells. Methodology and Principal Findings Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFS) from Apaf-1 knock out mouse (MEFS KO Apaf-1) and Bax/Bak double KO (MEFS KO Bax/Bak), MEFS from wild-type mouse (MEFS wt) and human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells were used to comparatively investigate the signaling cell death-induced pathways of BH3-mimetics, like ABT737 and GX15-070, with DNA damage-inducing agent cisplatin (cis-diammineplatinum(II) dichloride, CDDP). The study was performed in the absence or presence of apoptosis inhibitors namely, caspase inhibitors or apoptosome inhibitors. BH3-mimetic ABT737 required of Apaf-1 to exert its apoptosis-inducing effect. In contrast, BH3-mimetic GX15-070 and DNA damage-inducing CDDP induced cell death in the absence of both Bax/Bak and Apaf-1. GX15-070 induced autophagy-based cell death in all the cell lines analyzed. MEFS wt cells were protected from the cytotoxic effects of ABT737 and CDDP by chemical inhibition of the apoptosome through QM31, but not by using general caspase inhibitors. Conclusions BH3-mimetic ABT737 not only requires Bax/Bak to exert its apoptosis-inducing effect, but also Apaf-1, while GX15-070 and CDDP induce different modalities of cell death in the absence of Bax/Bak or Apaf-1. Inclusion of specific Apaf-1 inhibitors in topical and well-localized administrations, but not in systemic ones, to avoid interferences with chemotherapeutics would be of interest to prevent chemotherapeutic-induced unwanted cell death which could improve cancer patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Genovés
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Instituto Química Avanzada de Cataluña (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Sancho
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Payá
- Laboratory of Peptide and Protein Chemistry, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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30
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Ottosson-Wadlund A, Ceder R, Preta G, Pokrovskaja K, Grafström RC, Heyman M, Söderhäll S, Grandér D, Hedenfalk I, Robertson JD, Fadeel B. Requirement of Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor-1 for Bortezomib-Induced Apoptosis but Not for Fas-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Leukemic Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 83:245-55. [PMID: 23093495 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Ottosson-Wadlund
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nobels väg 13, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Andreev DE, Dmitriev SE, Zinovkin R, Terenin IM, Shatsky IN. The 5' untranslated region of Apaf-1 mRNA directs translation under apoptosis conditions via a 5' end-dependent scanning mechanism. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:4139-43. [PMID: 23085065 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that translation driven by the 5' UTR of Apaf-1 mRNA is relatively efficient in the absence of m7G-cap, but no IRES is involved. Nevertheless, it may be speculated that a "silent" IRES is activated under apoptosis conditions. Here, we show that translation of the mRNA with the Apaf-1 5' UTR is relatively resistant to apoptosis induced by etoposide when eIF4E is sequestered by 4E-BP and eIF4G is partially cleaved. However, translation under these conditions remains governed by 5' end-dependent scanning. We hypothesize that the observed phenomenon is based on the intrinsic low cap-dependence of the Apaf-1 5' UTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri E Andreev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bldg. A, Moscow 119234, Russia
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Affiliation(s)
- A Newbold
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - S J Vervoort
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - B P Martin
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Bots
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
| | - R W Johnstone
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne 3002, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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Wang J, Xiao X, Zhang Y, Shi D, Chen W, Fu L, Liu L, Xie F, Kang T, Huang W, Deng W. Simultaneous modulation of COX-2, p300, Akt, and Apaf-1 signaling by melatonin to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:77-90. [PMID: 22335196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects and could be a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent against cancers, but the precise mechanisms involved remain largely unresolved. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism of action of melatonin in human MDA-MB-361 breast cancer cells. Melatonin at pharmacological concentrations (10(-3) m) significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The observed suppression of proliferation was accompanied by the melatonin-mediated inhibition of COX-2, p300, and NF-κB signaling. Melatonin significantly inhibited COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2) production, abrogated p300 histone acetyltransferase activity and p300-mediated NF-κB acetylation, thereby blocking NF-κB binding and p300 recruitment to COX-2 promoter. Pretreatment with a COX-2- or p300-selective inhibitor abrogated the melatonin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, whereas PGE2 treatment or COX-2 transfection reversed the inhibition by melatonin. Moreover, melatonin markedly inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, PRAS40, and GSK-3 proteins, thereby inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Pretreatment with a PI3K- or an Akt-selective inhibitor or an Akt-specific siRNA blocked the melatonin-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation. Conversely, gene delivery of a constitutively active Akt effectively reversed the inhibition by melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin induced Apaf-1 expression, triggered cytochrome C release, and stimulated caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities and cleavage, leading to an activation of the Apaf-1-dependent apoptotic pathway. Pretreatment with an Apaf-1-specific siRNA effectively attenuated the melatonin-induced apoptosis. These results therefore indicate that melatonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-361 breast cancer cells in vitro by simultaneously suppressing the COX-2/PGE2, p300/NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt/signaling and activating the Apaf-1/caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Wang DH, Hu JR, Wang LY, Hu YJ, Tan FQ, Zhou H, Shao JZ, Yang WX. The apoptotic function analysis of p53, Apaf1, Caspase3 and Caspase7 during the spermatogenesis of the Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39920. [PMID: 22768170 PMCID: PMC3386923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous and stress-induced germ cell apoptosis during spermatogenesis of multicellular organisms have been investigated broadly in mammals. Spermatogenetic process in urodele amphibians was essentially like that in mammals in spite of morphological differences; however, the mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in urodele amphibians remains unknown. The Chinese fire-belly newt, Cynops orientalis, was an excellent organism for studying germ cell apoptosis due to its sensitiveness to temperature, strong endurance of starvation, and sensitive skin to heavy metal exposure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS TUNEL result showed that spontaneous germ cell apoptosis took place in normal newt, and severe stress-induced apoptosis occurred to spermatids and sperm in response to heat shock (40°C 2 h), cold exposure (4°C 12 h), cadmium exposure (Cd 36 h), and starvation stress. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) showed that gene expression of Caspase3 or Caspase7 was obviously elevated after stress treatment. Apaf1 was not altered at its gene expression level, and p53 was significantly decreased after various stress treatment. Caspase assay demonstrated that Caspase-3, -8, -9 enzyme activities in newt testis were significantly elevated after heat shock (40°C 2 h), cold exposure (4°C 12 h), and cadmium exposure (Cd 36 h), while Caspase3 and Caspase8 activities were increased with Caspase9 significantly decreased after starvation treatment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Severe germ cell apoptosis triggered by heat shock, cold exposure, and cadmium exposure was Caspase3 dependent, which probably involved both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Apaf1 may be involved in this process without elevating its gene expression. But starvation-induced germ cell apoptosis was likely mainly through extrinsic pathway. p53 was probably not responsible for stress-induced germ cell apoptosis in newt testis. The intriguing high occurrence of spermatid and sperm apoptosis probably resulted from the sperm morphology and unique reproduction policy of Chinese fire-belly newt, Cynops orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hui Wang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Rao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, The Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Shao
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Piotrowska H, Myszkowski K, Ziółkowska A, Kulcenty K, Wierzchowski M, Kaczmarek M, Murias M, Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk E, Jodynis-Liebert J. Resveratrol analogue 3,4,4',5-tetramethoxystilbene inhibits growth, arrests cell cycle and induces apoptosis in ovarian SKOV-3 and A-2780 cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:53-60. [PMID: 22687606 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the screening studies, cytotoxicity of 12 methylated resveratrol analogues on 11 human cancer cell lines was examined. The most active compound 3,4,4'5-tetramethoxystilbene (DMU-212) and two ovarian cancer cell lines A-2780 (IC(50)=0.71 μM) and SKOV-3 (IC(50)=11.51 μM) were selected for further investigation. To determine the mechanism of DMU-212 cytotoxicity, its ability to induce apoptosis was examined. DMU-212 arrested cell cycle in the G2/M or G0/G1 phase which resulted in apoptosis of both cell lines. The expression level of 84 apoptosis-related genes was investigated. In SKOV-3 cells DMU-212 caused up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, Apaf-1 and p53 genes, specific to intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, and a decrease in Bcl-2 and Bcl 2110 mRNA expressions. Conversely, in A-2780 cells an increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes Fas, FasL, TNF, TNFRSF10A, TNFRSF21, TNFRSF16 specific to extracellular mechanism of apoptosis was observed. There are no data published so far regarding the receptor mediated apoptosis induced by DMU-212. The activation of caspase-3/7 was correlated with decreased TRAF-1 and BIRC-2 expression level in A-2780 cells exposed to DMU-212. DMU-212 caused a decrease in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA levels in A-2780 by 50% and 75%, and in SKOV-3 cells by 15% and 45%, respectively. The protein expression was also reduced in both cell lines. It is noteworthy that the expression of CYP1B1 protein was entirely inhibited in A-2780 cells treated with DMU-212. It can be suggested that different CYP1B1 expression patterns in either ovarian cell line may affect their sensitivity to cytotoxic activity of DMU-212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Piotrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Gesing A, Masternak MM, Wang F, Karbownik-Lewinska M, Bartke A. Deletion of growth hormone receptor gene but not visceral fat removal decreases expression of apoptosis-related genes in the kidney-potential mechanism of lifespan extension. Age (Dordr) 2012; 34:295-304. [PMID: 21431351 PMCID: PMC3312636 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of the growth hormone (GH) receptor (Ghr) gene (GH receptor knockout; GHRKO; KO) are hypoinsulinemic, highly insulin sensitive, normoglycemic, and long-lived. Visceral fat removal (VFR) is a surgical intervention which improves insulin signaling in normal (N) mice and rats and extends longevity in rats. We have previously demonstrated decreased expression level of certain pro-apoptotic genes in skeletal muscles and suggested that this may contribute to the regulation of longevity in GHRKO mice. Alterations in apoptosis-related genes expression in the kidneys also may potentially lead to lifespan extension. In this context, we decided to examine the renal expression of the following genes: caspase-3, caspase-9, caspase-8, bax, bad, bcl-2, Smac/DIABLO, Apaf-1, p53, and cytochrome c1 (cyc1) in male GHRKO and N mice subjected to VFR or sham surgery, at approximately 6 months of age. The kidneys were collected 2 months after VFR. As a result, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bax expressions were decreased in KO mice as compared to N animals. Expressions of Smac/DIABLO, caspase-8, bcl-2, bad, and p53 did not differ between KOs and N mice. VFR did not change the expression of the examined genes in KO or N mice. In conclusion, endocrine abnormalities in GHRKO mice result in decreased expression of pro-apoptotic genes and VFR did not alter the examined genes expression in N and KO mice. These data are consistent with a model in which alterations of GH signaling and/or insulin sensitivity lead to increased lifespan mediated by decreased renal expression of pro-apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gesing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702-4910, USA.
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Pourkarimi E, Greiss S, Gartner A. Evidence that CED-9/Bcl2 and CED-4/Apaf-1 localization is not consistent with the current model for C. elegans apoptosis induction. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:406-15. [PMID: 21886181 PMCID: PMC3278724 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In C. elegans, the BH3-only domain protein EGL-1, the Apaf-1 homolog CED-4 and the CED-3 caspase are required for apoptosis induction, whereas the Bcl-2 homolog CED-9 prevents apoptosis. Mammalian B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibits apoptosis by preventing the release of the Apaf-1 (apoptotic protease-activating factor 1) activator cytochrome c from mitochondria. In contrast, C. elegans CED-9 is thought to inhibit CED-4 by sequestering it at the outer mitochondrial membrane by direct binding. We show that CED-9 associates with the outer mitochondrial membrane within distinct foci that do not overlap with CED-4, which is predominantly perinuclear and does not localize to mitochondria. CED-4 further accumulates in the perinuclear space in response to proapoptotic stimuli such as ionizing radiation. This increased accumulation depends on EGL-1 and is abrogated in ced-9 gain-of-function mutants. CED-4 accumulation is not sufficient to trigger apoptosis execution, even though it may prime cells for apoptosis. Our results suggest that the cell death protection conferred by CED-9 cannot be solely explained by a direct interaction with CED-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pourkarimi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - S Greiss
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - A Gartner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Lin NC, Lin JC, Chen SH, Ho CT, Yeh AI. Effect of Goji (Lycium barbarum) on expression of genes related to cell survival. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10088-10096. [PMID: 21846086 DOI: 10.1021/jf2021754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interrelationship between Lycium barbarum (goji) and gene expression in mouse spleen. Oligomicroarray technology was employed to explore the comprehensive response of gene expression and to screen candidate marker genes in the spleens of mice fed a goji suspension. Goji was micronized by media milling and then used to evaluate the effect of size reduction. The average diameter of nano/submicrometer goji was about 100 nm, which exhibited no cytotoxicity to cell lines IEC-6 (rat normal small intestinal cell line) and Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line). It was found that three genes, TNF, Nfkb1, and Bcl-2, were up-regulated and two genes, APAF-1 and caspase-3, were down-regulated by goji. This phenomenon could be helpful for cytoprotection when cells undergo stress or damage that induces the apoptotic pathway. Size reduction into nano/submicrometer scale enhanced bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ahmad ST, Arjumand W, Seth A, Saini AK, Sultana S. Methylation of the APAF-1 and DAPK-1 promoter region correlates with progression of renal cell carcinoma in North Indian population. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:395-402. [PMID: 21922274 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of cancer associated genes occur frequently during carcinogenesis and may serve as a cancer biomarker. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and relevance of promoter methylation of the tumor suppressor DAPK-1, APAF-1 () and SPARC in relation to different pathological stages and histological grades of tumor progression that might act as possible independent prognostic factor in the susceptibility towards renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in North Indian population. Three tumor suppressor gene promoters namely APAF-1, DAPK-1 and SPARC were assessed by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) in 196 primarily resected renal cell tumors paired with the corresponding normal tissue samples. After genomic DNA isolation and sodium bisulfite modification, methylation levels were determined and correlated with standard clinicopathological parameters, pathological stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade of RCC. Significant differences in methylation frequency among the four subtypes of renal tumors were found for APAF-1 (p < 0.001), DAPK-1 (p < 0.001) and SPARC (p = 0.182), when compared with the corresponding normal tissue. Male subjects showed stronger association of methylation frequency of all the three genes with RCC than the female subjects. Additionally, higher frequency of APAF-1, DAPK-1 and SPARC promoter methylation were directly correlated with higher tumor stage (p (trend) < 0.001). Higher frequency of promoter methylation of APAF-1 and SPARC were also associated with higher nuclear grade (p < 0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively). This gene panel might contribute to a more optimal diagnostic coverage and information, improving preoperative assessment and therapeutic decision-making in patients harboring suspicious renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Tanveer Ahmad
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Chaopatchayakul P, Jearanaikoon P, Yuenyao P, Limpaiboon T. Aberrant DNA methylation of apoptotic signaling genes in patients responsive and nonresponsive to therapy for cervical carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:281.e1-9. [PMID: 20117760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate CpG-island methylation profiling of apoptotic genes apoptotic protease activating factor 1, caspase 8, death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS), Survivin, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1 and its role in resistance to therapy in cervical cancer (CXCA). STUDY DESIGN Methylation status was performed in 85 CXCA patients comprising therapeutic nonresponses and responses using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Methylation frequency of DAPK and FAS showed a statistically significant difference between therapeutic nonresponses and responses. Concurrent methylation of multiple apoptotic genes was a preferential event in CXCA. Moreover, concerted methylation of pair genes was observed in DAPK, FAS, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor-1 and found only in nonresponses. CONCLUSION Aberrant methylation of apoptotic signaling genes results in acquired resistance to therapy. Detection of methylation in apoptotic signaling genes is potentially useful as a molecular predictive marker for strategic planning of treatment efficacy and evaluation of therapeutic outcome in CXCA, leading to an improvement of patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patimaporn Chaopatchayakul
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, the Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Konorev EA, Vanamala S, Kalyanaraman B. Differences in doxorubicin-induced apoptotic signaling in adult and immature cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:1723-8. [PMID: 18926904 PMCID: PMC3039518 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A proposed mechanism for the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) involves apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In the study described here, we investigated the molecular basis for the differences in DOX-induced toxicity in adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCM), neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM), and rat embryonic H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Activation of caspase-9 and -3 was considerably lower in DOX-treated ARCM as compared with NRCM and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Addition of cytochrome c caused the activation of caspase-9 and -3 in permeabilized NRCM and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts but not in permeabilized ARCM. Expression of proapoptotic proteins, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf1), and procaspase-9 was significantly lower, and abundance of antiapoptotic X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) was higher in ARCM, as compared with immature cardiac cells. Despite the abundance of XIAP in ARCM, its role in the inhibition of apoptosome function was dismissed, as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac)-N7 peptide, had no effect on caspase activation in response to cytochrome c in these cells. Adenoviral expression of Apaf1 exacerbated the activation of caspase-9 and -3 in DOX-treated NRCM, but did not increase their activities in DOX-treated ARCM. This finding points to a major difference in the apoptotic signaling between immature and adult cardiomyocytes. The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is limited in ARCM treated with DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Konorev
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Sanchez-Olea R, Ortiz S, Barreto O, Yang Q, Xu CJ, Zhu H, Yuan J. Parcs is a dual regulator of cell proliferation and apaf-1 function. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24400-5. [PMID: 18562310 PMCID: PMC2528988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804664200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we identify a novel protein, named Parcs for pro-apoptotic protein required for cell survival, that is involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Parcs interacted with Apaf-1 by binding to the oligomerization domain of Apaf-1. Apaf-1-mediated activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was markedly decreased in a cytosolic fraction isolated from HeLa cells with reduced parcs expression. Interestingly, parcs deficiency blocked cell proliferation in non-tumorigenic cells but not in multiple tumor cell lines. In MCF-10A cells, parcs deficiency led to early G1 arrest. Conditional inactivation of parcs in genetically modified primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts using the Cre-LoxP system also resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation. We conclude that Parcs may define a molecular checkpoint in the control of cell proliferation for normal cells that is lost in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kim MS, Kim SS, An CH, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Frameshift mutation at mononucleotide repeat in Apaf-1 is rare in gastric carcinomas. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:599-600. [PMID: 18373966 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tamilselvan J, Jayaraman G, Sivarajan K, Panneerselvam C. Age-dependent upregulation of p53 and cytochrome c release and susceptibility to apoptosis in skeletal muscle fiber of aged rats: role of carnitine and lipoic acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1656-69. [PMID: 18037131 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 08/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the regulation of myofiber loss during aging, possibly by apoptotic pathways. However, the mitochondrial-mediated pathway of apoptosis by cytochrome c in skeletal muscle remains ambiguous. To understand this, we have studied the upstream and downstream events of cytochrome c release, and assessed the efficacy of carnitine and lipoic acid cosupplementation. The results show that elevated levels of cytosolic cytochrome c activate apoptosis in aged rats, and was confirmed further by in vitro caspase-3 assay. Interestingly, the exogenous addition of cytochrome c results in a much higher increase of caspase-3 activity in aged treated rats than age-matched control rats, strongly suggesting that cytochrome c is a limiting factor for caspase-3 activation in the cytosol. Carnitine and lipoic acid supplement decreased apoptosis in aged rats by maintaining mitochondrial membrane integrity and thereby preventing further loss of cytochrome c in vivo. Furthermore, the upregulation of p53 observed in aged rats is attributed to the loss of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity and subsequent release of cytochrome c through BH3-only proteins. In conclusion, the p53-dependent activation of the mitochondrial-cytochrome c pathway of apoptosis in the present study suggests the existence of cross talk between mitochondria and nucleus. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains to be explored. Oral supplements of carnitine and lipoic acid play an antiapoptotic role in aged rat skeletal muscle by protecting mitochondrial membrane integrity.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/metabolism
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Carnitine/pharmacology
- Caspase 3/genetics
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 9/genetics
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- Cytochromes c/pharmacology
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Dietary Supplements
- Free Radicals/metabolism
- Genes, p53
- Male
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Thioctic Acid/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayavelu Tamilselvan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. AL Mudaliar Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
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Cammas A, Pileur F, Bonnal S, Lewis SM, Lévêque N, Holcik M, Vagner S. Cytoplasmic relocalization of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 controls translation initiation of specific mRNAs. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:5048-59. [PMID: 17898077 PMCID: PMC2096577 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-06-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that regulates gene expression through its action on mRNA metabolism and translation. The cytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 is a regulated process during viral infection and cellular stress. Here, we show that hnRNP A1 is an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) trans-acting factor that binds specifically to the 5' untranslated region of both the human rhinovirus-2 and the human apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (apaf-1) mRNAs, thereby regulating their translation. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic redistribution of hnRNP A1 after rhinovirus infection leads to enhanced rhinovirus IRES-mediated translation, whereas the cytoplasmic relocalization of hnRNP A1 after UVC irradiation limits the UVC-triggered translational activation of the apaf-1 IRES. Therefore, this study provides a direct demonstration that IRESs behave as translational enhancer elements regulated by specific trans-acting mRNA binding proteins in given physiological conditions. Our data highlight a new way to regulate protein synthesis in eukaryotes through the subcellular relocalization of a nuclear mRNA-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cammas
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Toulouse, F-31000, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, F-31052, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Frédéric Pileur
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Toulouse, F-31000, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, F-31052, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Toulouse, F-31000, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, F-31052, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Stephen M. Lewis
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; and
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE 3011, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laënnec, F-69372 Lyon, France
| | - Martin Holcik
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada; and
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Toulouse, F-31000, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, F-31052, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31000, France
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Christoph F, Weikert S, Kempkensteffen C, Krause H, Schostak M, Köllermann J, Miller K, Schrader M. Promoter hypermethylation profile of kidney cancer with new proapoptotic p53 target genes and clinical implications. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:5040-6. [PMID: 16951219 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Risk stratification of renal cell carcinoma is based on the histopathologic classification. Promoter hypermethylation as a mechanism of gene inactivation in renal cell carcinoma has been shown for only a small number of genes. We examined the usefulness of quantitative methylation analysis with a new set of p53 target genes for determining the clinical outcome and aggressiveness of the tumor disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The genes selected were APAF-1, CASPASE-8, DAPK-1, IGFBP-3, and PML. The tissue samples analyzed were taken from tumor specimens obtained from 90 consecutive patients with clear cell renal carcinoma and from 20 normal kidney specimens. Quantitative methylation analysis of CpG sites in the promoter region was done by methylation-specific real-time PCR and the normalized index of methylation (NIM) was determined for each sample. RESULTS Hypermethylation of the promoter region was common for APAF-1 (97%) and DAPK-1 (41%) but not for IGFBP-3 (3%), PML (3%), or CASP-8 (0%). The tumor patients had a median follow-up of 55 months. A correlation was found between the methylation level of APAF-1 and tumor size and nodal status, but not for tumor stage, grade, and age of patient. Kaplan-Meier analysis was able to identify patients with a higher risk of recurrence and tumor-related death by using APAF-1 (>or=56% NIM) and DAPK-1 (>or=10% NIM) methylation levels. In multivariate analysis, APAF-1 and DAPK-1 methylation levels were independent prognostic markers for metastatic disease and death from renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that promoter hypermethylation of APAF-1 and DAPK-1 is a marker of aggressive renal cell carcinoma and provides independent prognostic information on disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Christoph
- Department of Urology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Department of Urology, Klinikum Fulda gAG, Fulda, Germany.
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Janssen K, Pohlmann S, Jänicke RU, Schulze-Osthoff K, Fischer U. Apaf-1 and caspase-9 deficiency prevents apoptosis in a Bax-controlled pathway and promotes clonogenic survival during paclitaxel treatment. Blood 2007; 110:3662-72. [PMID: 17652622 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-073213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxane derivatives such as paclitaxel elicit their antitumor effects at least in part by induction of apoptosis, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we used different cellular models with deficiencies in key regulators of apoptosis to elucidate the mechanism of paclitaxel-induced cell death. Apoptosis by paclitaxel was reported to depend on the activation of the initiator caspase-10; however, we clearly demonstrate that paclitaxel kills murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of caspase-10 as well as human tumor cell lines deficient in caspase-10, caspase-8, or Fas-associating protein with death domain. In contrast, the lack of Apaf-1 or caspase-9, key regulators of the mitochondrial pathway, not only entirely protected against paclitaxel-induced apoptosis but could even confer clonogenic survival, depending on the cell type and drug concentration. Thus, paclitaxel triggers apoptosis not through caspase-10, but via caspase-9 activation at the apoptosome. This conclusion is supported by the fact that Bcl-2-overexpressing cells and Bax/Bak doubly-deficient MEFs were entirely resistant to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, also the single knockout of Bim or Bax, but not that of Bak or Bid, conferred partial resistance, suggesting a particular role of these mediators in the cell-death pathway activated by paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Janssen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the relationship between apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) gene and gastric cancer.
METHODS: Thirty-five postoperative cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected in the present study. Expression of the Apaf-1 gene in these samples was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was used to determine whether there was loss of Apaf-1 gene in domain of 12q22-23 in the samples. Promoter methylation of Apaf-1 gene in the samples was analyzed by methylation specific (MSP) PCR.
RESULTS: The expression of Apaf-1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissue samples was 51%. The LOH frequency of D12S346, D12S1706, D12S327, D12S1657 and D12S393 was 33%, 8%, 58%, 12% and 42%, respectively. Fifty percent LOH was found at two sites and 17% LOH at three sites. Apaf-1 mRNA expression decreased significantly in 13 cases (rs = 0.487, P = 0.003). The rate of Apaf-1 promoter methylation was 49% in gastric cancer tissue samples and 23% in para-cancerous tissue samples. Promoter methylation occurred significantly in 16 of 18 gastric cancer tissue samples with decreased expression of Apaf-1 mRNA rs = 0.886, P = 10-6).
CONCLUSION: The expression of Apaf-1 gene is low in gastric cancer tissues. Methylation of Apaf-1 gene promoter and LOH in domain of 12q22-23 are the main reasons for the expression and altered expression of Apaf-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Huerta S, Heinzerling JH, Anguiano-Hernandez YM, Huerta-Yepez S, Lin J, Chen D, Bonavida B, Livingston EH. Modification of Gene Products Involved in Resistance to Apoptosis in Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells: Roles of Fas, Apaf-1, NFκB, IAPs, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF. J Surg Res 2007; 142:184-94. [PMID: 17603079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer becomes resistant to apoptosis as it acquires metastatic potential. SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells were established from the same patient at different stages of tumor progression. The stage III colorectal cancer cell line (SW620) is more resistant to apoptosis. In the present report, we investigated the apoptotic gene products that might account for colon cancer evasion of immune attack and chemoradioresistance-induced apoptosis. METHODS SW480 and SW620 cells were used for this experiment. Type 1 apoptosis was induced by CH-11. Type 2 apoptosis was induced by cisplatin and ionizing radiation. Apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 activity and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling. Gene products Fas, TRAIL, c-FLIP, Bid, BAX, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Apaf-1, nuclear factor-kappa B, Smac/DIABLO, apoptosis inducing factor, and the inhibitors of apoptosis were investigated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses. RESULTS SW620 cell lines were more resistant to both Type 1 and Type 2 apoptosis induced by CH-11, cisplatin, and ionizing radiation, respectively. Examination of the extrinsic pathway demonstrated Fas receptor to be down-regulated in SW620. Apaf-1 was decreased in SW620 cells; while other members of the mitochondrial pathway including Bax, Bid, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 demonstrated minimal alterations of protein levels in both cell lines. Survivin and XIAP protein levels were increased in SW620 cells, which correlated with nuclear expression of nuclear factor-kappa B in SW620 cells but not SW480. Mitochondrial-released factors including Smac/DIABLO and apoptosis inducing factor were increased in SW480 cells. CONCLUSIONS SW620 cells have acquired genetic defects both in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis, which may explain in part the ability of colon cancer cells to escape the immune system and to become chemoradioresistant. These genes may be potential targets for chemoradiosensitization in advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Huerta
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA.
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Zlobec I, Lugli A, Baker K, Roth S, Minoo P, Hayashi S, Terracciano L, Jass JR. Role of APAF-1, E-cadherin and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration in tumour budding in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2007; 212:260-8. [PMID: 17516584 DOI: 10.1002/path.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumour budding or dedifferentiation at the invasive margin of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important prognostic marker and linked mechanistically to dysregulation of Wnt pathway signalling. Since budding is observed in only 40% of CRCs, we hypothesized that Wnt pathway dysregulation may be a necessary but insufficient explanation for budding and that buds may be destroyed selectively by tumour immune mechanisms. Twenty potential markers of tumour budding were evaluated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) obtained from the main tumour body of 1164 DNA mismatch repair-proficient CRCs and the findings were correlated with tumour budding, lymphocytic infiltration and survival. Loss of expression of E-cadherin and APAF-1 were independent predictors of budding (sensitivity 70.3% and specificity 48.2% when one or the other was lost). Peritumoral lymphocytes (PTLs) were observed more frequently in CRCs with loss of either E-cadherin or APAF-1 that were budding-negative. PTLs and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were strongly correlated. The absence of TILs increased the adverse prognostic impact of E-cadherin and APAF-1 loss. Co-occurrence of E-cadherin loss, APAF-1 loss and low TIL counts in CRCs was an independent prognostic factor. The findings were verified in whole tissue sections from 88 CRCs with known KRAS mutation status (which was not associated with budding). Loss of E-cadherin and APAF-1 within the main body of CRCs are independent predictors of tumour budding. The prognostic benefit of lymphocytic infiltration may be explained by the immune destruction of budding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zlobec
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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